CLASS 203, DISTILLATION: PROCESSES, SEPARATORY |
1 | WITH MEASURING, TESTING OR INSPECTING: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes combined with the positive step of visually, chemically
or physically determining some chemical or physical characteristic
or property of the feed, vapor, residue or condensate.
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2 | . Of temperature or pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes directed to specifically determining the temperature
and/or pressure of the feed, vapor, residue
or condensate.
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3 | . Of concentration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes including the steps of determining the concentration
of the feed, vapor, residue or condensate.
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4 | INCLUDING PURGING OF THE SYSTEM: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes combined with a step of removing a contaminant
from the separatory apparatus.
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5 | SEPARATING ISOTOPES OR TAUTOMERS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to separating (1) the atoms
of a given element or a compound containing said atoms according
to the atomic weights of said atoms according to the atomic weights
of said atoms or (2) a mixture containing at least
two tautomeric forms of a substance initially in a state of equilibrium.
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6 | ADDITION OF MATERIAL TO DISTILLAND TO INHIBIT OR PREVENT REACTION OR TO STABILIZE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including adding an element or a chemical compound
or mixture (of substances) to the distilland or
the vapor to inhibit or prevent formation of scale on the apparatus and/or
to inhibit or prevent corrosion of the apparatus and/or
to inhibit or prevent an unwanted reaction of the feed, vapor, residue or
condensate.
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7 | . For scale inhibiting or corrosion preventing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes directed to adding a substance to inhibit or prevent
corrosion of the apparatus and/or to inhibit or prevent
scale formation.
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8 | . For inhibiting or preventing a polymerization reaction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes directed to adding a substance to inhibit or prevent
unwanted polymerization.
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9 | .. Of unsaturated hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes directed to inhibiting or preventing the polymerization of an unsaturated hydrocarbon. | |
10 | WATER PURIFICATION ONLY: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes of purifying water in which the only material
recovered as a product is water.
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11 | . Under pressure or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in which distillation is carried out under a pressure
greater than atmospheric or under a vacuum.
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12 | DISTILLING TO SEPARATE OR REMOVE ONLY WATER: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which only water is removed from the feed mixture.
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13 | . From nitric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Processes in which the liquid substance is aqueous nitric
acid.
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14 | . From organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Processes for separating water from an organic compound.
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15 | .. Organic acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in which the organic substance is an organic acid.
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16 | ... Acetic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which the organic acid is acetic acid. | |
17 | .. Aldehyde or ketone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in which the organic substance is an aldehyde
or a ketone.
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18 | .. Alcohol: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in which the organic substance is an alcohol.
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19 | ... Ethanol: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Processes in which the alcohol is ethanol. | |
20 | INCLUDING DEFOAMING OR INHIBITING FOAM: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to defoaming or inhibiting the formation
of foam.
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21 | AND RECOVERING HEAT BY INDIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to recovering waste heat by indirect
heat exchange with (1) a disparate source or (2) a
product of a distillation step.
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22 | . Utilizing recovered heat for heating feed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes in which the feed is heated by the recovered waste
heat.
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23 | .. Distillation residue as heat source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Processes in which distillation residue is the source of
recovered heat.
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24 | .. Compressed vapor as heat source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Processes in which compressed vapor is the source of waste heat. | |
25 | . Utilizing recovered heat for heating the distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes in which the distillation zone is heated by the
recovered waste heat.
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26 | .. Compressed vapor as heat source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes in which the source of waste heat is compressed vapor. | |
27 | . Utilizing recovered heat in subsequent step in process: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes in which the recovered waste heat is utilized in a step subsequent to the step in which the heat was produced. | |
28 | WITH CHEMICAL REACTION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including the step of producing a chemical reaction
of a component of the mixture being separated to facilitate separation
of the desired substance in the original mixture.
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29 | . Including step of adding catalyst or reacting material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes directed to adding a catalyst or a material which
reacts with a component of the mixture to assist the separation
of the desired component in the original mixture.
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30 | .. For polymerizing unwanted component: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which the added material causes unwanted material
in the feed to enter a reaction forming polymeric material.
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31 | .. Oxidizing material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes directed to adding an oxidizing substance.
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32 | .. Reducing material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes directed to adding a reducing substance.
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33 | .. Inorganic salt containing oxygen in the anion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which the reactive material added is a metal
or ammonium salt of an inorganic oxygen containing acid.
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34 | .. Acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which the added material is an acid.
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35 | ... Phosphoric or sulfuric acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Processes in which the acid is phosphoric or sulfuric. | |
36 | .. Alkaline oxide or hydroxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which the added material is an alkaline oxide
or an alkaline hydroxide.
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37 | ... Alkali metal hydroxide: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Processes in which the material is an alkali metal hydroxide. | |
38 | .. Organic material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which the added material is organic.
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39 | WITH DISPARATE PHYSICAL SEPARATION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes combined with subjecting the material being vaporized, the
vapor, the distillate or the residue to a disparate physical
treatment to remove a substance.
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40 | . Of entrained particles from a vapor or gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes directed to removing entrained solid or liquid
particles from gas or vapor in the distillation operation.
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41 | . Utilizing solid sorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes directed to material being treated being acted
upon with a solid sorbent to assist separation of a desired product.
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42 | . Utilizing liquid sorption of component from gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes directed to extracting a component from gas or
vapor with a liquid.
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43 | . Utilizing liquid-liquid extracting of distillation product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes directed to extracting a liquid product of a distillation
step with a liquid.
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44 | .. Of distillate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes in which the extracted liquid is a distillate. | |
45 | ... And distilling raffinate phase: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Processes directed to distilling the distillate after it
has been extracted with a liquid.
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46 | ... And distilling extractant phase: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Processes directed to distilling the extracting liquid phase
subsequent to the extraction step.
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47 | . Utilizing removing solid from liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes directed to separating a solid material from a
product of the distillation step.
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48 | .. By crystallizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes directed to crystallizing a component from a product
of the distillation step.
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49 | CONVECTIVE DISTILLATION WITH NORMALLY GASEOUS MEDIUM, E.G., AIR: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to passing through the material being
distilled a normally gaseous substance.
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50 | ADDING MATERIAL TO DISTILLAND EXCEPT WATER OR STEAM PER SE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes including the step of adding material other than
water or steam per se to the distilland or distillation zone.
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51 | . At least two materials: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes in which plural materials are added.
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52 | .. Mixtures of hydrocarbons: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in which a mixture of hydrocarbons is added.
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53 | .. One material is water: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in which the additional material comprises water
or stream and at least one other substance.
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54 | ... A second material is aldehyde or ketone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes in which another substance comprises an aldehyde or a ketone. | |
55 | ... A second material is an alcohol: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes in which the other substance comprises an alcohol. | |
56 | .. One additive an alcohol or ether: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in which the additional material comprises an alcohol or an ether and at least one other substance. | |
57 | . Organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes in which the additional material is an organic
compound.
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58 | .. Heterocyclic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the organic compound is heterocyclic.
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59 | .. Amine: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the organic compound is an amine.
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60 | .. Ester: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the organic compound is an ester.
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61 | .. Acid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the organic compound is an acid.
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62 | .. Aldehyde or ketone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the organic compound is an aldehyde or
a ketone.
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63 | .. Alcohol or ether: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the compound is an alcohol or an ether.
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64 | ... Polyhydroxy alcohol or ether derivative thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in which the compound is polyhydroxy alcohol or an ether derivative thereof. | |
65 | ... Hydroxy aromatic (e.g., Phenol): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in which the organic compound is a hydroxy aromatic, e.g., phenol, naphthol, cresol. | |
66 | ... Methanol: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in which the alcohol is methanol. | |
67 | .. Halogenated hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the compound is a halogenated hydrocarbon.
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68 | .. Hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in which the compound is a hydrocarbon.
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69 | ... Aromatic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Processes in which the hydrocarbon is aromatic.
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70 | ... Acyclic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Processes in which the hydrocarbon is acyclic.
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71 | PLURAL DISTILLATIONS PERFORMED ON SAME MATERIAL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to utilizing at least two distilling
operations to separate components present in the original mixture.
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72 | . One a filming distillation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes in which at least one distilling operation is
directed to introducing the distilland into the vaporization zone
by spreading it as a thin film over a surface.
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73 | . One a distillation under positive pressure or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes in which at least one distillation operation is
carried out under a pressure greater than atmospheric or under a
vacuum.
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74 | .. Distillation of initial distillate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes in which at least a portion of the distillate
from the initial distillation operation is subjected to at least
one subsequent distillation operation.
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75 | ... And return of distillation product to a previous distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes in which a product from a later distillation operation
is returned in terms of the process to a distillation zone prior
to the distillation zone in which the product was produced.
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76 | ... Including the addition of water or steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes directed to adding water or steam to at least
one distillation operation.
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77 | ... Initial distillation under positive pressure or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes in which the initial distillation is carried out under a pressure greater than atmospheric or under a vacuum. | |
78 | .. And returning distillation product to a previous distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes in which a product from a later distillation operation
is returned in term of the process to a distillation zone prior
to the distillation zone in which the product was produced.
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79 | .. Including the addition of water or steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes directed to adding water or steam to at least
one distillation operation.
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80 | .. Initial distillation under positive pressure or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes in which the initial distillation is carried out
under a pressure greater than atmospheric or under a vacuum.
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81 | . Distillation of initial distillate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes directed to distilling all or a part of the distillate
from the initial distillation operation.
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82 | .. And returning distillation product to a previous distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes including returning a product from a second or
subsequent distillation operation in a series to an earlier distillation
in the series.
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83 | .. Including the addition of water or steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes directed to adding water or steam to at least
one distillation operation.
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84 | . And returning distillation product to a previous distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes which includes returning a product from a later
distillation operation to a distillation zone prior to the distillation
zone in which the product was produced.
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85 | . Including the addition of water or steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes directed to adding water or steam to at least
one distillation operation.
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86 | DISTILLATION IN APPARATUS OR ELEMENT OF SPECIFIC MATERIAL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to distilling in a system in which all
or a part thereof is recited as being made of a specific material.
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87 | WITH FRACTIONAL CONDENSATION OF VAPOR OUTSIDE STILL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to condensing the vapor evolved during
the distillation step in a plurality of fractions.
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88 | FLASH VAPORIZATION OF DISTILLAND: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to heating the distilland under pressure
high enough to prevent ebullition and the heated distilland is then introduced
into a zone of lesser pressure resulting in the volatilizing of
at least a portion of the distilland.
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89 | FILMING OF DISTILLAND FOR VAPORIZATION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to introducing the distilland into the
vaporization zone by spreading it as a thin film over a surface.
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90 | SPRAYING OF DISTILLAND INTO VAPORIZATION ZONE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to spraying the distilland into the vaporization
zone.
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91 | VAPORIZATION ZONE UNDER POSITIVE PRESSURE OR VACUUM: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which distillation is carried out under a pressure
greater than atmospheric or under a vacuum.
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92 | . Including the addition of water or steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes directed to adding water or steam to the distillation
operation.
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93 | .. And returning product of distillation step to distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Processes directed to returning a product to the distillation
zone.
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94 | . And returning product of distillation step to distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes directed to returning a product of the distillation
operation to the distillation zone.
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95 | INCLUDING ADDITION OF WATER OR STEAM: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to adding water or steam to the distillation
operation.
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96 | . To distillation column: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes in which the water or steam is added to the distillation column. | |
97 | . And returning product of distillation step to distillation zone: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes in which a product of the distillation operation
is returned to the distillation zone.
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98 | AND RETURNING PRODUCT OF DISTILLATION STEP TO DISTILLATION ZONE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to returning a product of the distillation
operation to the distillation zone.
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99 | MISCELLANEOUS SEPARATORY: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes not otherwise provided for.
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100 | PARTICULAR TYPE OF HEATING: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes as provided for in this class wherein there is
recited or disclosed a reference to a special type of heating, such
as separation of the vapor by the heating effect of sonic waves
of a specific frequency.
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FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | SOLAR STILL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG2 | LABORATORY DISTILLATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG3 | ACRYLONITRILE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG4 | HEAT PUMP |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG5 | HUMAN WASTE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG6 | REACTOR-DISTILLATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG7 | START UP OR SHUT DOWN |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG8 | WASTE HEAT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG9 | PLURAL FEED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG10 | VINYL ACETATE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG11 | BATCH DISTILLATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG13 | SPIRITS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG14 | EJECTOR-EDUCTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG16 | COMBINATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG17 | SALINE WATER CONVERSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG18 | CONTROL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG19 | SIDESTREAM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG20 | POWER PLANT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG21 | ACRYLIC ACID OR ESTER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG22 | ACCESSORIES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG23 | METHANOL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG24 | MOBILE, MARINE DISTILLER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG25 | NON-DISTILLING BOTTOMS TREATMENT |
This subclass has no definition. | |