CLASS 202, DISTILLATION: APPARATUS |
81 | APPARATUS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus and devices relating to the art of distillation
not provided for in the subclasses below.
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82 | . Systems: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Combinations and associations of apparatus not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder. | |
83 | .. Portably mounted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Groupings of distilling apparatus mounted for moving from
place to place as an entirety. This also includes patents claiming
movable heating elements used in connection with distilling apparatus.
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84 | .. Separatory and thermolytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Systems of apparatus including kilns, retorts, or chambers in which the distilland is subjected to both separatory and thermolytic distillation. The two species of distillation may occur simultaneously in separate chambers or successively in a single chamber. | |
85 | .. Thermolytic and autothermic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Associations of kilns, retorts, and/or chambers, in which thermolytic distillation occurs, part of the necessary heat being supplied by the combustion (or chemical change) of the distilland. | |
86 | ... Retort and kiln: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Assemblies of retorts in which material is distilled by
externally-applied heat, and chambers or kilns in which material
is distilled by combustion or a portion thereof. The retorts may
be heated by other means or by the heat carried by the distillate
from the kiln.
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87 | .... Retort heated by combustion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. The retort is heated by combustion of the gases from the
kiln, which latter may be a producer.
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88 | ... Kiln and directly heated chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Assemblies of kiln and chamber. The distillation gases and/or
products of combustion from the kiln pass through the chamber in
direct contact with its contents.
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89 | .... Interchangeable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. The kiln and chamber are identical in construction and may interchange functions. | |
90 | .... Chamber externally heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. The chamber in which distillation is performed by the direct action of the heated gas is also heated externally, frequently by combustion of a part of the gas coming from the kiln. | |
91 | .. Autothermic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Systems in which the kilns or chambers in which the destructive distillation occurs are heated by chemical change (as combustion) of the distilland itself. | |
92 | ... Open kiln: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. The distilland is placed in a structure without a top or is piled upon the ground or upon a platform and heated by means of the combustion of a part or its substance. | |
93 | ... Closed kiln: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. The kiln is closed and partial combustion of its contents furnishes the heat to distill the remainder. This is the broad subclass for the beehive ovens. | |
94 | .... With steam generator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. The kiln is closed, and a steam generator of some form is
associated in the system.
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95 | .... With residue quencher or cooler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. A device for cooling the residue either by a liquid or a
fluid or by preservation from air is associated with the system.
The residue may be cooled within the kiln or after withdrawal therefrom.
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96 | .. Thermolytic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Thermolytic systems in which thermolytic distillation occurs,
not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder.
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97 | ... Stalls: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Horizontal chambers having one end closed, the other closable, and heated either directly or indirectly, into which a receptacle containing a distilland may be run and withdrawn. | |
98 | .... Tunnels: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. The stall is openable and closable at both ends and not
necessarily horizontal, and the receptacles are introduced at one
end and withdrawn at the other. Heated directly or indirectly.
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99 | ... Directly heated chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. A chamber equipped with means introducing heat into its
interior in direct contact with the distilland, either by means
of heated solids or heated gaseous fluids.
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100 | .... Rotary chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. The directly heated chamber is arranged to be rotated.
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101 | ... Dome ovens: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. The distilling chamber has the form of the beehive oven, but is heated from the outside through walls or floor, or both. | |
102 | ... Hearths: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. The distilling chamber is heated from the bottom. Heating
flues in the lower portion of the side walls if auxiliary in function
do not exclude from this subclass. The chamber may have means also
for the introduction of gas or vapor to assist the distillation
or react with the distilland.
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103 | .... Distilland transferring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. The hearth has means for moving the distilland over and
off its surface.
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104 | ..... Vertical series: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. The hearths lie in a vertical series.
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105 | ... Retort: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Closed vessels of metal, clay, brick, or other material
designed to contain the distilland and with means for external heating.
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106 | .... With steam generation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The distilling vessel is heated from the outside and has
associated with it, so as to be heated by the products of the combustion
which heat the retort, or by other sources of waste heat, means for
generation of steam.
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107 | .... With digester: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The system contains a chamber in which the distilland is
treated with a liquid which frees the material to be distilled.
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108 | .... With direct heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort is also heated internally by direct contact of
its contents with a heating medium.
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109 | .... With cyclic volatile circulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The volatile matter distilled off is moved in a closed circuit
through the retort, with or without intermediate purification.
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110 | .... With distilland pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort system is provided with means for maintaining
the distilland under pressure during distillation.
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111 | .... With recuperators and regenerators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort system has both double and single surface air
and/or gas heaters heated by the heat carried off by the
products of combustion. The double-surface heaters are in this class called
recuperators, the single surface, regenerators.
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112 | .... With distillate fixing chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The distillate is passed through tubes or chambers in which
it is subjected to high temperature in order to crack the higher
boiling portions thereof.
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113 | .... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. A plurality of retorts are associated. The arrangement may
be either series or parallel.
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114 | ..... Common heating furnace: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. A plurality of retorts arranged to be heated by a single
furnace.
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115 | ..... Annularly arranged: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. The retorts are arranged in a closed chain which is not necessarily circular. | |
116 | ..... Vertical and horizontal or inclined: |
The retorts are arranged in cooperating pairs of vertical and inclined or horizontal units. | |
117 | .... Conveying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort has means for moving the distilland through it.
It may be fed at top or bottom or end.
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118 | ..... Screw: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. The conveying means comprises one or more screws.
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119 | ..... Reciprocating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. The conveyor is reciprocating and may be a reciprocating
floor or plunger.
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120 | .... Vertical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort is so arranged that the distilland passes through
it in a vertical direction.
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121 | ..... With fluid injection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Means are provided for injection of fluid, including oil,
into the retort before or after or during the distillation.
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122 | ..... With recuperator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. The retorts are vertical, and the air and/or gas for
combustion is heated by the waste products of combustion through
double surface heaters.
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123 | ..... With regenerator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. The retorts are vertical, and the air and/or gas for
combustion is heated by the waste products of combustion through
single surface heaters.
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124 | ..... With heating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. The vertical retorts are inclosed in a chamber through which the heating gases pass. The chamber may have baffles to control the direction of flow of the gas. | |
125 | ...... Alternate reverse flow flues: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. The heating chamber is divided into vertical flues, alternate ones of which carry flames and products of combustion in opposite directions. | |
126 | ...... Vertical flues: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. The heating chamber is divided into flues which are in the vertical position, the flames or heating gases passing in either direction. | |
127 | ...... Circumvallate flues: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. The flues carry the products of combustion or heating gases around the retort. | |
128 | .... Inclined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retorts are inclined and may pass through a heating
chamber, with or without flues.
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129 | ..... With fluid injection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. The inclined retort has provisions for injection of fluid
into the distilland.
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130 | ..... With regenerator or recuperator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. The retorts are inclined and associated with single or double
surface air and/or gas heaters which are heated by the
waste products of combustion.
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131 | ..... Rotary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. The retort is arranged to rotate around its longer axis,
and thus carry the distilland forward. It may have spiral vanes
or other means to assist the movement of the distilland.
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132 | ..... Gas bench: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. The retorts are of the well-known gas-bench retort form
and placed in inclined position within the ordinary gas retort furnace.
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133 | .... Horizontal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort or retorts are so arranged that the distilland
passes through them in a horizontal direction.
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134 | ..... With fluid injection to retort: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. The retorts have provisions for injection of fluid, either
to react with the distillate or for convective separation of the
distillate.
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135 | ..... Plural gas and/or air admission: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. At least one of the fluids necessary for combustion in the
heating chamber or flues is admitted at separate points in the path
of the flame to lengthen the flame or to preserve a regulated temperature.
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136 | ..... Rotary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. The horizontal retort has a rotary motion.
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137 | ..... With heating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. The retorts, either singly or in groups, are inclosed in
a chamber in which combustion takes place to heat them.
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138 | ..... With flues: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. The retort is heated by combustion in flues.
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139 | ...... Vertical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. The flues are vertical. | |
140 | ....... With recuperators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. The products of combustion as they leave the system heat
the air and/or gas in double-surface heaters.
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141 | ....... With reversible regenerators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. The system contains chambers usually filled with refractory
material checkerwork through which hot products pass to the flues
in alternating periods, whereby the incoming combustible material
is heated.
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142 | ........ Alternatively poor and/or rich gas fuel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus coming, in which the currents of combustible material and those of air and/or gas are periodically reversed and the latter heated. If rich gas is used, the heating of gas may be omitted. There may be dilution of rich gas fuel with nitrogen, air, or products of combustion. | |
143 | ........ Regenerators reversing along the system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. The flues may be in distinct groups which may lie either along or across the heating wall in which they are contained or across the retort, the flame ascending in the flues of one group and descending in those of another group, all the flues in which the flame ascends in one wall or section of a wall being in connection with one regenerator or regenerator group, and the flues in which the flame descends connected with another regenerator or regenerator group, these regenerators being at right angles to the system and reversal taking place along the system. | |
144 | ........ Regenerators reversing across the system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. The regenerators may be in groups and stand parallel or transverse to the axis of the system, but in either case their reversal occurs across that axis. | |
145 | ...... Horizontal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. The heating flues are horizontal. | |
146 | ....... With regenerators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. The air and/or gas for combustion is heated by the
waste products of combustion by means of single-surface heaters.
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147 | ..... Gas bench: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. The retorts are of the well-known gas-retort forms and inclosed in the ordinary gas-bench furnace structure. | |
148 | ...... With recuperator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. The system is provided with means for heating the gas and/or
air for combustion by the waste products of combustion through double
surface heaters.
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149 | ...... With fluid injection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Provisions are made for injection of fluid into the retort. | |
150 | .... Preheating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. The retort has means for preheating the distilland.
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151 | .... Combustion control devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices for controlling the flow of fuel gases and waste
gases. Burners, dampers, gas and air pipes, and reversing valves
when claimed in combination with the ovens are classified herein.
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152 | .. Separatory: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Systems and parts of apparatus directed to separation of
substances preexisting in the distilland where not provided for
in subclasses below.
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153 | ... Still and column: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Associations of still and fractionating column, either as
separate or integral structures.
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154 | .... Plural columns: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Systems embracing a plurality of fractionating columns with
a single still or a plurality of stills.
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155 | .... Plural stills: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. A plurality of stills associated with a fractionating column. | |
156 | ..... Parallel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. The plurality of stills are so related that each delivers its vapor direct to the column or columns. The stills may be used alternatively as single stills or in groups. | |
158 | ... Column: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. A system of separatory distillation apparatus comprising
a device arranged to conduct a liquid and a vapor derived therefrom
by distillation in counter-current direct contact. At any plane
in the column the liquid has a greater concentration of low-boiling
substances and the vapor of high-boiling ones than that necessary
to maintain equilibrium as to these substances between the vapor
and liquid passing that plane, whereby the liquid becomes progressively
richer as to high-boiling substances and the vapor as to low-boiling
ones. The column, per se, is a gas and liquid contact apparatus
and is only classed herein when heating and/or cooling
elements are recited in the claims.
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159 | .... With preheater: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. The distilland entering the system is passed through a device
in which it is heated previous to admission. The heat may be derived
from an extraneous source or from exchange with the outgoing hot
waste liquor (slop), or from condensation of the vapors, or from
both the latter sources.
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160 | .... Automatic temperature and/or pressure control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. The column is provided with means for controlling its temperature
or pressure automatically.
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161 | .... Partial reflux condenser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. The final condensate is divided into two portions, one of
which returns to the column, the other being withdrawn either as
a finished product or to be conducted to some other part of the
system.
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162 | .... Vapor-element by-pass: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. The vapors may be passed around the dephlegmator, the column,
or a like element of the vapor system.
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163 | ... Still: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Miscellaneous organizations and parts of a separatory distilling
system not provided for below.
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164 | .... Recovery from containers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Special arrangements and devices in apparatus for recovering residues and waste from barrels, casks, and other containers by vaporization. | |
165 | .... Still and stove: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Associations of still and stove. The connection may be by
way of a water back.
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166 | .... Still and stand boiler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Associations of still and stand boiler.
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167 | .... Still and feed-water heater: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Associations of still and means for heating the water to
be fed to a steam boiler.
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168 | .... Still and extractor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Associations of a still and a vessel in which a substance
is removed from material by a solvent. The extract is then run into
the still and distilled. Either the solvent or substance dissolved,
or both, may be volatile.
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169 | ..... Continuous extraction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus coming for continuously extracting and distilling. A condenser frequently returns its condensate upon the material within the extractor at short intervals, which condensate is a solvent of the material to be extracted, and passes it through to the still. Final separation of the solvent and volatile is usually in the same still assembly. | |
170 | .... Still extractor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Devices in which extraction and separation by distilling
occur in the same vessel.
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172 | .... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. The system includes more than one still with or without
individual condensers and arranged to be used either in parallel
or to be used alternately.
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173 | ..... Series: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. A plurality of stills so connected that either the vapor
or the residue of one flows into the other.
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174 | ...... Multiple effect: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. The vapor from one still is carried through the distilland
of another in heat-interchange relation, but not in direct contact.
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175 | .... With agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Means are provided for setting the distilland in motion
within the still as a part of the system.
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176 | .... With distilland treating devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Systems provided with means for treating the distilland
before or during distillation. This may include filtering, decanting,
aeration, preheating, or other treatment of the distilland.
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177 | ..... Preheater: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Systems coming under the preceding subclass in which the
distilland is preheated. The preheating may be with agitation and
by the distilling residue.
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178 | ...... Straining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. The preheater has a straining device. | |
179 | ...... Dephlegmating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. The distilland enters a device for heat exchange with the
distillate vapors, from which it condenses the high-boiling-point
constituents.
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180 | ...... Condensing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. The distilland before it enters the still is used as the
cooling fluid in the condenser.
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181 | ..... Level control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Automatic means for controlling the level of the distilland
or rate of feeding the still are provided.
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182 | .... With vapor-treating devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Patents for apparatus directed to physical treatment of
the distillate, such as filtering, dephlegmating, washing, absorbing,
or condensing, when in combination with the elements of or limited
to being a part of a distilling system. Apparatus for treatment
of the volatiles from thermolytic distilling, unless provided for
under thermolytic apparatus, is included here.
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183 | ..... Still and absorber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. System comprises a still and a second vessel in which the
vapor undergoes absorption either with or without intermediate physical
treatment.
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184 | ...... Still absorber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Comprises a still which is heated to remove volatile material
from a distilland, then along with its contained residue, cooled
and the volatile material returned to the still and allowed to absorb
in the residue, either with or without intermediate physical treatment.
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185.1 | ..... Condenser: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter comprising the association of a still and
a device for condensing the vapors produced by the still to the
liquid state.
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185.2 | ...... Direct contact: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject matter in which the vapors to be condensed are cooled by being mingled with a cooler gas or liquid. | |
185.3 | ...... Air condensers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject matter in which the cooling or the vapor is effected by air at a lower temperature than the vapor on the outer surface of the vapor container. | |
185.4 | ...... Circulating coolant in cap or top closure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject matter in which the condenser comprises means for circulating a coolant substance which is located in the topmost part of the still in the top cap or closure thereof or a pipe connects the top of the still with the condenser unit. | |
185.5 | ...... Helical coil for vapor stream: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject matter in which the vapors to be condensed are passed through a helical coil which is surrounded by a lower temperature gas or liquid. | |
185.6 | ...... Helical coil for coolant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject matter in which the lower temperature gas or liquid coolant is passed through a helical coil which is surrounded by the warmer vapors which are to be condensed. | |
186 | ...... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. The system contains more than a single condenser. | |
187 | ...... Concentric with still: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. The still and condenser are concentric. | |
188 | ...... Still supporting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. The still and condenser are so arranged that the still is supported by the condenser. | |
189 | ...... Still supported: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. The condenser is supported by the still. | |
190 | ....... Cap (or closure): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. The condenser forms a cap or closure for the still.
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191 | ........ Jacketed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. The condenser forms the cap of the still and is surrounded or surmounted by a jacket to contain a cooling fluid. | |
192 | ......... Still feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. The cooling liquid in the cap condenser passes to the still and is distilled. | |
193 | .......... Distilland-level control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Means is provided for controlling the height of the distilland
in the still as it passes from the condenser.
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194 | ....... Still feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. The condenser is supported by or upon the still and the cooling fluid therefrom passes into the still. | |
195 | ...... Still feeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. The cooling liquid from the condenser passes into the still, at least in part. | |
196 | ....... Distilland-level control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. The amount of liquid entering the still from the condenser
is automatically limited to that which will keep the level of the
distilland constant.
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197 | ..... With separator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. The vapors from the still pass through a vessel or chamber
in which they deposit the particles of liquid and of solids entrained
within them. These vapors do not pass through condensed liquids,
nor is there condensation except incidental.
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198 | ..... Dephlegmator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. The vapors from the column or still pass through a condenser
in which the higher-boiling fractions are condensed and returned directly
to the column or still.
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199 | ..... Doubler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. The vapor from the still or column is passed through a condensate
from itself to which it surrenders its high-boiling constituents
and from which it evaporates its low-boiling constituents.
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200 | ..... Filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. The vapor from the still or column is passed through porous
material or other filter which removes from it entrained particles
of liquid and solids. The filtering material in some instances may
have a chemical effect.
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201 | ..... Aerator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Means are provided for admitting or injecting air or other
gas into the vapor element of the system.
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202 | .... With condensate-treating devices: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Patents for apparatus or parts directed to physical treatment
of the condensate, such as filtering, decanting, aerating or reboiling,
when in combination with the elements of the still or limited to
the distilling art. Treatment of the condensate of thermolytic distillation
is here unless provided for in the thermolytic subclasses.
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203 | ..... Aeration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Air or other gas is passed through the condensate for purification,
flavoring, preserving, or other purpose.
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204 | ..... Decanter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. The condensate consisting of immiscible liquid is passed
into a vessel where it is allowed to separate into two or more layers,
one of which may be removed separately from the others.
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205 | .... Vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. The system is provided with means for producing a vacuum
therein.
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206 | .... Automatic heat control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Means for automatically controlling or cutting off the heat
from the still when any conditions making it desirable are found
in the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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This group is directed to the structure of the still, chamber, kiln, heap, or retort which may be incorporated into the system rather than to the system in which it is incorporated. | |
This subclass has no definition. | |
207 | ... Stump stills: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Separatory and thermolytic. A portable chamber designed to be placed over a stump and heated from the outside, with means for carrying off the vapors, the temperature being so controlled that first separatory, then thermolytic, distillation occurs. | |
208 | ... Directly heated chamber: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Separatory and thermolytic. A single chamber which is heated internally by heating medium passed therethrough directly in contact with the distilland. | |
209 | ... Still retort: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Separatory and thermolytic. A chamber heated either externally or by internal tubes
or furnace in such a way that first separatory, then thermolytic,
distillation occurs.
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This subclass has no definition. | |
210 | ... Heap: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Autothermic. Arrangements of wood or other carbonaceous material in piles covered with material to exclude air, mainly used in charcoal burning. | |
211 | ... Kiln: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Autothermic. Structures in which carbonaceous material is to be placed and
carbonized by combustion of a part of its own substance. It may
also have flues in its walls and floors inside by means of which
it is heated, in addition to the heat of combustion of its contents.
Many beehive ovens are here.
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212 | .... Arched: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. The kiln has an arched top and greater length than breadth, i.e., is noncircular in horizontal section. | |
213 | .... Partable and/or knockdown: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Kiln structures designed to be moved from place to place and needing no base on which to place the carbonaceous material or having a new base constructed at each new location. The kiln may be constricted so as to be moved as a whole or in sections or parts to be separated and reassembled in a new location. | |
214 | .... Bottom discharge: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. The kiln is discharged at the bottom, which may either rotate,
and thus dump the residue, or have other provision for discharge.
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215 | ... Directly heated chamber: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Autothermic. A chamber arranged with means for introducing hot gaseous
substances into direct contact with the distilland. It may have
auxiliary external heating.
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216 | .... Rotary: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. The directly-heated chamber is arranged for rotation.
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217 | ... Retort: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Autothermic. The structure of the closed vessel constituting the retort.
It is heated externally, but may also have auxiliary means for indirect
heating.
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218 | .... Rotary and/or tilting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. The retort is arranged for rotation, usually on its longer
axis, or for tilting or pivoting to empty.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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219 | .... Molten bath: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. The retort is surrounded by or contains a mass of fusible
substance through which the heat is conveyed to the retort.
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220 | .... Flued: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. The retort is constructed with flues or pipes either internal to it or a part of its wall. | |
221 | .... Vertical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Retorts designed to be charged at the top and discharged
at the bottom and to occupy the vertical position. The retort may
be of ring shape and may have jalousie walls.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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222 | .... Structural features: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. The claims are directed to features of retort structure or shape. | |
223 | ..... Wall: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Patents disclosing the structure of the retort, oven, or
kiln walls.
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224 | ..... Shields: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. The retort is coated with protective material over a whole
or part of its surface or has a baffle or refractory substance shielding
it from the flame.
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225 | ..... Cores: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Structures to be inserted within the retorts to subdivide the charge. The core may have channels for removal of volatile material and may be removed with the residue or remain in the retort. | |
226 | .... Residue treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. The distilling retorts are associated with devices for crushing,
grinding, or compressing or otherwise treating the residue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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227 | ... Quencher: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Autothermic. Miscellaneous means for quenching or cooling the residue
of distillation. It may consist of an open or a closed chamber attached
to or separate from the retort in which the residue is cooled by
gas or liquid or merely held to cool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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228 | .... Gas or vapor circulating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Receivers for hot distillation residue arranged to cool
or quench the residue by circulation through or over it of neutral
gas or by generation and/or circulation of steam or other
vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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229 | .... Submersible chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. A chamber or holder arranged to be lowered into a tank of quenching liquid after filling with hot residue. | |
230 | .... Conveyer type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. A conveyor upon which the residue is held while it is being
quenched or cooled. The conveyor may itself be submerged in the
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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Structure and form of stills and other parts peculiar to separatory distillation and not provided for in the system subclasses. | |
232 | ... Still: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Separatory. This group of subclasses is restricted to the structure
or shape of the still itself and to the means associated therewith
for heating it and other characteristic features of the still, apart
from the system in which it is used.
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233 | .... Directly and indirectly heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Single stills with heating furnace, tube, jacket, or other means of heating its contents without contact of heating fluid and contents and also means for introducing heating fluid directly to the interior of the still. | |
234 | .... Directly heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. The distilland is heated by a heating fluid directly in
contact with it, by radiant heat (as by the sun, etc.), by electric
elements immersed in the distilland, or in contact therewith.
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235 | .... Indirectly heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Stills heated by fluids carried in or through or around
them, in coils, pipes, or jackets, or in superficial contact, the
fluids being held from contact with the distilland.
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236 | .... Spray forming and filming: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. The still has means for introducing the distilland in the
form of a spray or for forming a spray after its introduction, or
the distilland flows into or through the still in the form of a film.
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237 | .... Tubular: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. The still is composed of a tube or tubes in which the distilland
is subjected to distillation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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238 | .... Rotary and/or tiltable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. The still is mounted upon an axis and rotated or tilted
during distillation or to discharge.
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239 | . Elements: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Elements used in connection with stills, retorts, or the like, not constituting a type of distilling apparatus, and not provided for in other classes. | |
241 | .. Cleaning and decarbonizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Means for cleaning and decarbonizing or preventing the fouling
of the retort or still or the tubes of the heating system therefor.
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242 | .. Closures: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Miscellaneous closures for retorts and stills not provided
for below.
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243 | ... Fluid cooled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. The doors, lids, or other closures are cooled by a fluid
within or flowing through them.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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This subclass has no definition. | |
244 | .... Tunnel heads and lids: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Dome ovens. Patents showing the structure of the openings for charging dome ovens, the air and gas flues surrounding these, the castings or other devices inserted for their protection, and the lids closing the charging holes. | |
245 | .... Removable: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Dome ovens. Doors so mounted as to be removable by other than a hinged
motion.
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246 | .... Hinged: |
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Dome ovens. Closures supported and turnable on hinges at either their side,
top or bottom.
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247 | ... Horizontal retort: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Closures for retorts occupying the horizontal position.
This includes doors, lids, mouthpieces and securing devices.
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248 | .... Coke-oven type: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Doors and devices for handling them when claimed in combination,
which close the horizontal retorts of coke ovens.
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249 | .... Rotary retort: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Patents disclosing means for closing and charging or discharging rotary cylinders which claim means for other functions than merely charging the distilland or discharging the residue. | |
250 | ... Top: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Devices to close the tops of vertical retorts, ovens or
stills.
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251 | .... Charging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Closures having devices for feeding the charge into the
distilling receptacle. The feeding device may be a simple magazine
or means for forcing the material into the retort and may have preheating
means in the top.
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252 | ... Bottom: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Devices for closing the bottoms of retorts, kilns or stills.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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253 | .... Cooling or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. The closure has means for cooling or quenching the residue
before discharging it from the retort.
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254 | .. Offtakes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Tubes or pipes for carrying off the vapors from distilling
chambers.
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255 | ... Dip pipes and mains: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Hydraulic mains and gas pipes extending there into leading from the gas generator. The mains may be provided with means for maintaining a liquid seal for the pipes. | |
256 | .... Valved: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Dip pipes having valves for closing the pipe or by-passing the seal. | |
257 | ... Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. The retort or still is fitted with a plurality of tubes for removal of the distillate. The removal may be from more than one point. | |
258 | ... Valved: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. The offtake or offtakes are valved. | |
259 | ... Jacketed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. The pipe through which the distillate is removed from the
retort or still is jacketed to contain either a heating or cooling
agent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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260 | ... Cooled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. The offtake is cooled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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261 | ... Residue offtakes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Means for discharging the residue. | |
262 | .. Feeding and discharging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. The still or retort is associated with means for introducing
material into it or for removing residue.
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263 | ... Smoke escapes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Means for disposing of the smoke and fumes produced while
charging or discharging hot distilling chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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264 | .. Foam control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Means is associated with the still for preventing foam formation
or for breaking foam already formed.
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265 | .. Agitating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. The retort or still is provided with means to rock, shake,
or otherwise agitate it and the contained distilland or has agitating
means provided internally thereof for the same purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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266 | .. Distilland supports and containers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. The still or retort is furnished with supports upon or in
which the distilland rests. The container may be removable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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267.1 | .. Materials of construction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter claiming the materials of which the structures
classified in this class are constructed.
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267.2 | ... Corrugate walls: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 267.1. Subject matter wherein the walls of the structure display alternately ridges and groves or furrows. | |
268 | .. Expansion provisions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. The distilling assembly has provision for expansion and
contraction as the structure is heated and cooled. This may be in
the form of sliding or other joints or devices for allowing expansion
and forcing contraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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269 | .. Air and gas seals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Miscellaneous devices for preventing access or exit of air
or gas to the chambers and pipes of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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270 | . Accessories and details: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Miscellaneous group of details of apparatus not provided for above and devices accessory to the operation of the distilling apparatus not otherwise provided for. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | SCALE PROBLEMS DIGEST |
This subclass has no definition. | |