CLASS 159, CONCENTRATING EVAPORATORS |
2.1 | SUPERHEATING AND PRESSURE RELEASE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a closed vessel adapted to heat a liquid,
but to maintain sufficient ebullition in communication with a space of
less pressure into which the heated liquid is discharged to cause
evaporation.
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2.2 | . With extruder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Apparatus having means to force or press out the material being concentrated. | |
2.3 | .. Multistage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Apparatus functioning in plural operations. | |
3 | SPRAY TYPE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means to spray a liquid in combination
with a collecting chamber or receptacle.
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4.01 | . Gaseous current: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Apparatus provided with means for directing a gaseous current
through the spray or spray chamber.
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4.02 | .. Combustion product gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus wherein the gaseous current is a product of a combustible gas. | |
4.03 | .. Antibridging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus for preventing buildup of solids on the evaporator wall or the inlet or outlet of the same. | |
4.04 | .. Countercurrent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus for providing a gas flow counter to that of the spray. | |
4.05 | .. Intermediate gas outlet or inlet: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus having either an inlet or outlet located approximately on the axial center of the evaporator. | |
4.06 | .. Bottom sprayer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus wherein the sprayer is located on or near the bottom of the apparatus and the liquid is sprayed upwardly. | |
4.07 | .. Horizontal sprayer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus with means spraying the liquid on an horizontal plane. | |
4.08 | .. Impinging jets: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus wherein the liquid is introduced in several jets which impinge each other. | |
4.09 | .. Multistaging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus for carrying out the spraying in plural operations. | |
4.1 | .. Heat recovery: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus with means to recover heat. | |
4.2 | .. Spinning sprayer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus wherein the sprayer rotates. | |
4.3 | .. Rotary drum with sprayer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus with a revolving drum having spray means. | |
4.4 | .. Steam drying or atomizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.01. Apparatus using steam to dry or atomize. | |
5 | FILM TYPE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus especially designed to evaporate a liquid in film
or thin layer form.
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6.1 | . Centrifugal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus in which the liquid is maintained as a film on
a supporting surface by means of centrifugal force.
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6.2 | .. Wiped film: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Apparatus wherein means contact the film adjacently to its flow. | |
6.3 | ... Horizontally: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Apparatus wherein means contact the film in a horizontal direction. | |
7 | . Moving-film support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus in which the film is spread or supported on a
traveling surface for evaporation.
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8 | .. Gaseous current: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in which a gaseous current is directed against
or in proximity to the surface of the film on the moving support.
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9.1 | ... Rotary drum or disk: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Apparatus in which the moving support carrying the film
is a rotary drum or disk.
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9.2 | .... Treated material inside drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Apparatus in which the rotary drum supports the film interior thereof. | |
10 | .... Exterior surface: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Apparatus in which the rotary drum or disk supports the
film on its exterior surface.
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11.1 | . Rotary drum or disk: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus in which the moving film support is a rotary drum
or disk.
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11.2 | .. Internal film: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Apparatus wherein the film contacts the internal surface of the drum or disk. | |
11.3 | ... Rotary disk: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Apparatus consisting of a revolving disk. | |
12 | .. Inclosing chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Apparatus in which the traveling surface is enclosed in a chamber. | |
13.1 | . Moving film: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus adapted to maintain the liquid to be concentrated
in a moving film.
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13.2 | .. Contacting tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Apparatus wherein the film comes in contact with a tube. | |
13.3 | ... Outside of tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.2. Apparatus wherein the film contacts the outer portion of the tube. | |
13.4 | .. With gas wiping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Apparatus having means for injected vapor or generated vapor to flow adjacent the film and relative thereto. | |
14 | .. Climbing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Apparatus in which the moving film ascends.
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15 | .. Zigzag: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Apparatus in which the film follows a zigzag path.
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16.1 | GASEOUS BLAST OR CURRENT: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus designed to pass a current of air or moisture-absorbing
gas over or through a body or liquid.
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16.2 | . Submerged combustion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Apparatus providing a burning operation under the liquid. | |
16.3 | . Steam injection: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Apparatus wherein the blast or current is injected steam. | |
17.1 | MULTIPLE EFFECTS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus relating to a series of two or more vessels in communication, adapted to cause evaporation of their liquid content at unequal pressures. The communication may be either for the purpose of transmitting the vapors evolved in one vessel to the heating element of another operating at a different pressure, or for transmitting liquid material from one vessel to another operating at a different pressure for evaporation. | |
17.2 | . Parallel fluid flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus wherein the fluids are in whole or in part introduced or removed from the system in parallel streams. | |
17.3 | . Variant multistaging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus wherein the evaporation varies in kind in the different stages. | |
17.4 | . Contiguous evaporators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus wherein evaporators share a common wall structure. | |
18 | . Superimposed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus in which the vessels are placed one above the
other, so that the vapors evolved in the lower vessel will rise
by gravity into contact with the bottom of the heating element of the
next vessel above.
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19 | . Combined closed and open: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus in which the liquid undergoing treatment is evaporated
in both closed and open pans at unequal pressures.
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20.1 | . Variable or counterflow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1. Apparatus in which the direction of flow from vessel to vessel of the liquid undergoing evaporation is not parallel to the flow of the evolved vapors or is variable with respect thereto, or the order of the pans in the series with respect to the flow of either vapor of liquid is variable. | |
20.2 | .. With effect switching means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Apparatus having means to shift the flow of the material treated. | |
21 | COMBINED CLOSED AND OPEN PANS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the liquid undergoing treatment is evaporated
in both closed and open pans at substantially equal pressure.
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22 | CLOSED EVAPORATING CHAMBERS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vessels provided with covers adapted to close the surface
of the evaporating liquid from the atmosphere.
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23 | . Indirectly heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Vessel in which heat is conducted through the closed vessel
to the liquid undergoing evaporation. The vessel is heated otherwise
than by direct communication with a primary source of heat, such
as a furnace.
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24.1 | .. Regenerative: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Closed vessels in which the temperature of the vapors evolved by the evaporation is raised, and the vapors are employed to produce further evaporation. | |
24.2 | ... Heat recovery or regeneration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Apparatus having means capturing or using usually waster heat to preheat or reuse heat in the apparatus. | |
24.3 | .... Thermocompression: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.2. Apparatus wherein the spent vapor is compressed by injector means employing high pressure steam as a motive agent and introducing the combined steam as a heating agent in the evaporator. | |
25.1 | .. Rotatable agitator or coil: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Closed vessels provided with a agitator or heating coil
adapted to be rotated.
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25.2 | ... Vertical axis agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 25.1. Apparatus wherein the agitator is rotated about a vertical axis. | |
26.1 | .. Heated tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Closed vessels comprising a tube or tubes of heat-conducting
material heated on the exterior and through which the liquid undergoing
evaporation is passed.
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26.2 | ... Inclined: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Apparatus wherein the tube structure is located on an inclined plane. | |
27.1 | ... Vertical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 26.1. Closed vessels in which the liquid-containing heated tube
or tubes are vertically arranged.
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27.2 | .... Detached separator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Apparatus having a separator detached from the main apparatus. | |
27.3 | .... Multieffect in one casing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Apparatus wherein the fluid flows downwardly contrary to the material thermosphonic flow of the heated liquid. | |
27.4 | .... Downflow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Apparatus wherein the fluid flows downwardly contrary to the material thermosphonic flow of the heated liquid. | |
27.5 | .... Floating calandria: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 27.1. Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger is centrally disposed and the downcomer is the annulus between the heat exchanger and the casing. | |
28.1 | .. Heating elements: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Devices relating to the means for maintaining the heating
medium separate from, but in heating contact with, the liquid or
the surface of the liquid container.
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28.2 | ... Baffled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Apparatus wherein the steam chest has obstructing means causing the heating medium to flow in a predetermined path among the tubes. | |
28.3 | ... Spur tubes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Apparatus wherein the heat exchange tubes are closed at one end. | |
28.4 | ... Coils: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Apparatus wherein the heat exchange means is in the form of a coil. | |
28.5 | ... Tubular inserts: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Apparatus wherein the heat exchange means are space fillers in tubes for confining the liquid. | |
28.6 | ... Plate-type evaporator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Apparatus wherein the heat exchange means is in the form
of a plate-like evaporator.
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29 | . Directly heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Closed vessels combined with a heat-producing means.
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30 | . Samplers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Closed vessels in combination with means for withdrawing
a small quantity of the liquid under evaporation for examination.
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31 | . Liquid traps or separators: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Closed vessels in combination with means for trapping and
separating the entrained liquid from the vapors.
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32 | OPEN PANS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vessels particularly designed for concentrating liquid material
by evaporation and not provided with means to prevent access of
the atmosphere to the surface of the liquid.
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33 | . With rakes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans in combination with means to scrape from the interior
surface of the pan solids deposited thereon.
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34 | . Tiltable, removable, or portable: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans so mounted or designed that they may be tilted
in or readily removed from their supports or pans especially adapted
for portage.
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35 | . Interposed liquid receptacle: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans provided with a liquid receptacle between them
and a source of heat. The liquid receptacle contains a liquid other
than that undergoing concentration.
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36 | . Steam and furnace heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans in which both steam and furnace are employed as
heating agents.
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37 | . Steam heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans provided with heating elements adapted to be connected
with a source of steam.
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38 | . Furnace heated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Open pans combined with a furnace.
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39 | .. Liquid tubes in flue: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Open pans in which tubes are provided for communicating
with the interior of the pan to circulate the liquid undergoing
evaporation through the furnace or flue.
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40 | .. Flues in pan: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Open pans in which conduits are provided communicating with
the flue or combustion chamber for carrying the hot gases within
the outside dimensions of the pan.
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41 | .. With dampers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Open pans combined with furnaces and means to regulate or
positively control the direction of flow of the hot gases about
the pan.
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42 | STRAINERS OR SKIMMERS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter combined with strainers or skimmers for removing
or particularly designed to remove impurities from a liquid.
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43.1 | FLUID FEED OR DISCHARGE DEVICES: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means specifically designed for feeding liquid to, or discharging concentrate from, the liquid container or for feeding a heating fluid to, or discharging it from, the container. | |
43.2 | . With alternating operating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 43.1. Subject matter with means operating either or both of the feed or discharge devices successively in any arrangement. | |
44 | . Automatic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 43.1. Subject matter in which the feed or discharge is automatically
controlled.
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45 | APPARATUS FOR GRAINING AND SEPARATING CRYSTALS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus specifically designed for effecting crystallization
by evaporation in combination with means for collecting the crystals and
discharging them from the evaporator.
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46 | PRELIMINARY HEATERS AND HEAT ECONOMIZERS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with or specifically designed for use
in combination with means to effect a saving of heat.
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47.1 | PROCESSES: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to methods of concentration.
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47.2 | . Involving urea: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein an urea containing material is concentrated. | |
47.3 | . Involving waste liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes wherein a liquid by product is concentrated. | |
48.1 | . Spraying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Process in which the liquid to be concentrated is reduced
to the form of a spray during concentration.
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48.2 | .. Producing liquid product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48.1. Process for making a product which is liquid in its final form. | |
49 | . Film: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Processes in which the liquid to be concentrated is spread
in the form of a film or thin layer for evaporation.
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1.1 | MISCELLANEOUS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter not provided for below or elsewhere. | |
900 | USING VIBRATORY FORCE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection for encouraging positive circulatory motion. | |
901 | PROMOTING CIRCULATION: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection for encouraging positive circulatory motion. | |
902 | USING NATURAL HEAT: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection for using natural heat in any of its forms. | |
903 | . Solar: |
Art collection under 902 wherein the sun furnishes heat. | |
904 | .. Floating solar still: |
Art collection under 903 in the form of solar still means. | |
905 | SEWAGE TREATMENT: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving concentrating sewage. | |
906 | WICK: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving use of a wick. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | ELECTRIC HEAT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG2 | ENTRAINMENT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG3 | FLUIDIZED BED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG4 | FOAM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG5 | FREEZING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG6 | INFRARED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG7 | MAGNETIC COUPLING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG8 | MULTIEFFECT OR MULTISTAGE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG9 | TWO LIQUIDS DRIED SIMULTANEOUSLY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG10 | ORGANIC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG11 | BIOLOGICALS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG12 | RADIOACTIVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG13 | SCALE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG14 | SOAP |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG15 | SPECIAL MATERIAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG16 | VACUUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG17 | TWO LIQUIDS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG18 | ACCUMULATOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG19 | ACID |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG20 | ADDITIVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG21 | COATING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG22 | CONDENSATE FLASHING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG23 | COOLING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG24 | CRITICAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG25 | DECANT, PRESS, CENTRIFUGE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG26 | ELECTRIC FIELD |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG27 | MICROPORES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG28 | POROUS MEMBER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG29 | PEBBLE BED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG30 | DESUPER HEATING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG31 | DEAERATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG32 | INDIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG33 | TWO LIQUIDS, ONE A HEAT CARRIER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG34 | CAUSTIC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG35 | VIEWPORTS, PEEPSIGHTS, AND SIGHTGLASSES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG36 | RABBLED HEARTH |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG37 | PORTED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG38 | SEED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG39 | POWER PLANT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG40 | PUMPS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG41 | REMOVABLE UNITS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG42 | SEALS |
This subclass has no definition. | |