CLASS 148, METAL TREATMENT |
95 | PROCESS OF MODIFYING OR MAINTAINING INTERNAL PHYSICAL STRUCTURE (I.E., MICROSTRUCTURE) OR CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF METAL, PROCESS OF REACTIVE COATING OF METAL AND PROCESS OF CHEMICAL-HEAT REMOVING (E.G., FLAME-CUTTING, ETC.) OR BURNING OF METAL: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which relates to (1) a process of modifying
or maintaining the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties of metal not elsewhere provided, (2) a process
of reactive coating of metal, and (3) a process of chemical-heat removing
(e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) of a portion
of a metal workpiece.
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96 | . Superconductive metal or alloy (i.e., superconductive Tc at or below 30° K): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein a metal or an alloy of metal that develops
zero resistance to electrical current flowing therethrough at or
below 30° Kelvin is the metal being treated.
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97 | .. Particle (e.g., ion, neutron, etc.) bombardment or electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Process wherein a superconducting precursor or superconducting metal is subjected (1) to particle (e.g., ion, neutron, etc.) bombardment for purposes other than implantation or (2) to electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.). | |
98 | .. Producing or treating an A3B (e.g., Nb3Sn, V3Ga, Nb3Al, etc.) superconducting alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Process wherein an intermetallic superconducting alloy having
three parts of metal A to one part of metal B present, often identified
as an A3B (e.g., Nb3Sn, V3Ga, Nb3Al, etc.), and said to have an
A-15 crystal structure is produced or treated.
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99 | . Treating in extraterrestrial environment (e.g., space, moon, etc.) or zero gravity environment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Treating in extraterrestrial environment (e.g., space, moon, etc.) or zero gravity environment: Process wherein a metal or metal alloy is treated at any stage in an environment outside of the atmospheric mantel surrounding earth (e.g., space, moon, etc.) or in a zero gravity environment. | |
100 | . Magnetic materials: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes which include developing, improving, modifying,
or preserving the magnetic properties of a free metal or alloy,
occurring alone or mixed with one or more other components.
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101 | .. Permanent magnet: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes carried out with material intended for use as
a permanent magnet.
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102 | ... Age hardening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes which include age hardening. | |
103 | ... Treatment in a magnetic field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes , including a significant treatment in a magnetic
field.
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104 | .. Dust cores: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes in which comminuted metallic material, the particles
of which are usually separated from each other by electrically insulating material,
is compacted into self-sustaining form, or in which a previously
produced dust core is subjected to a treatment not classifiable elsewhere.
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105 | .. Particulate material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes wherein the material is in particulate form at
the time its magnetic properties are altered, as well as at the
end of the process.
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108 | .. Treatment in a magnetic field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes including the significant application of a magnetic
field to the work.
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110 | .. Silicon steel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes, restricted to the treatment of steel having at
least 0.4% silicon.
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111 | ... Working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Processes restricted to working or working and heat treatment. | |
112 | ... Heat treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Processes restricted to heating and/or cooling. | |
113 | .... With special compositions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Processes wherein in the work is in contact with a special
composition or atmosphere which does not form a reactive coating
with the base, and wherein the work is not subjected to a mechanically
applied force.
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120 | .. Working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes restricted to working, or working and heat treatment.
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121 | .. Heat treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes restricted to heating and/or cooling.
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122 | ... With special compositions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Processes wherein the work is in contact with a special
composition or atmosphere which does not form a reactive coating
with the base and wherein the work is not subjected to a mechanically
applied force.
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194 | . Chemical-heat removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning of metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process which is directed to utilizing chemically generated
heat to remove or sever a portion from a solid or semisolid metal
workpiece by localized burning (i.e., oxidization) or by localized
melting (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.).
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195 | .. Control responsive to sensed condition of workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process including sensing or determining a variable condition of a metal workpiece and controlling the process in response to the sensed or determined condition. | |
196 | .. Program or pattern control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein a template or program generated function controls a cutting action by causing a chemical-heating means to move in response to the template or program. | |
197 | .. Utilizing fluid contact other than flame: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein an auxiliary gas or liquid, utilized for purposes other than chemical generation of heat, is brought into contact with a workpiece for any reason; such as, for collecting or ensnaring solid refuse or waste material produced by the removing or burning process or for quenching or cooling operations. | |
198 | .. With solid additive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein a solid treating agent is utilized on a workpiece or within a flame to assist removing material from or burning of a workpiece. | |
199 | ... Metal powder: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Process wherein a solid agent is in the form of free metal powder. | |
200 | .. Of edge or corner (e.g., deburring, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein an edge or corner of a workpiece is subjected to chemical-heat removing or burning, per se, of all or a portion of an existing edge or corner of a workpiece. | |
201 | .. Cylindrical workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein a workpiece is of circular cross-section (e.g., rod, roll, tube, etc.). | |
202 | .. Scarfing (e.g., desurfacing, planing, gouging, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein a surface of a metal workpiece is subjected to chemical-heat to remove shards or small protuberances therefrom in a desurfacing, planing, or gouging operation. | |
203 | ... Simultaneous removing or burning of multiple sides of workpiece: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Process wherein a removing or burning heat concurrently impinges plural faces of a workpiece. | |
204 | .. Flame piercing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein a metal workpiece is subjected to chemical-heat to form an aperture or opening by completely burning away a portion that initially resided at the location of an aperture or opening without actually providing plural pieces. | |
205 | .. Plural nozzles or plural work-contacting jets: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Process wherein plural nozzles or plural gaseous jets contact
a workpiece for purposes of chemical-heat cutting or other treatment thereof.
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206 | . Carburizing or nitriding using externally supplied carbon or nitrogen source: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein a metal substrate or workpiece is treated
with an externally supplied source of carbon or nitrogen or both
resulting in the carburization or nitriding of a metal by chemical reaction
or diffusion.
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207 | .. Carburizing or nitriding uniformly throughout the entire mass (i.e., internal carburizing): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process in which carburizing or nitridizing is not limited
to the surface of a metal or metal alloy and which occurs throughout
the entire metal substrate.
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208 | .. With decarburizing or denitriding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which includes at some stage in the process a procedure for elimination or reduction of the carbon content or the nitrogen content of a metal substrate by chemical or physical-chemical procedures and does not include mechanical procedures (e.g., grinding) for removal of the carbon or nitrogen containing metal. | |
209 | .. Utilizing particulate fluid bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process in which a particulate fluid bed is utilized at any stage in a process of treating a metal or metal alloy for purposes of heat transfer or carburization or nitridization or both. | |
210 | .. Of selected surface area (e.g., zone, top only, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein only a partial area (e.g., zone, etc.) or
portion (e.g., top only, etc.) of a workpiece surface is subjected
to carburization or nitridization.
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211 | ... With working, machining, or cutting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Process which includes a step of deforming a solid metal or mechanically cutting or grinding away of portions of a solid metal to produce a desired shape or form. | |
212 | ... Nitriding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Process which involves exposing a metal substrate or workpiece to an external reactive agent containing nitrogen that causes formation of a nitrogen enriched layer by reacting with the metal substrate or workpiece at any stage in the process. | |
213 | ... Utilizing attached protective shield, mask or coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Process wherein a portion of a workpiece is covered with a temporary protective shield, mask or coating that prohibits the carburizing or nitridizing action in an area to which it is attached and which is not intended to remain a part of the final product and acts in transitory manner to achieve the carburizing or nitridizing of a selective surface area. | |
214 | .... With noncarburizing or non-nitriding coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Process which includes a coating step other than carburizing or nitriding. | |
215 | .. Measuring, sensing, or testing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which includes a recited step of measuring, sensing, or testing at any stage in the process. | |
216 | ... Of gas composition (e.g., carbon content, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Process which includes a step of measuring, sensing, or testing of the composition of a gaseous environment or of input or exhaust gases of the process. | |
217 | .. With noncarburizing or non-nitriding reactive coating (e.g., oxidizing, siliconizing, boronizing, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which includes a distinct and separate operation
involving coating of a metal or metal alloy substrate with a material
that reacts with the metal to provide a coating thereon containing
the reaction product of the metal with an externally supplied reactant
other than a carburizing or nitriding reactant.
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218 | .. Combined carburizing and nitriding (e.g., carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein a carburizing and a nitriding reaction occurs in the same process. | |
219 | ... With working, machining, cutting, or post-carburizing and post-nitriding heating or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Process which includes either (1) a step of deforming solid metal or mechanically cutting or grinding away of portions of solid metal to produce a desired shape or form, or (2) a post-carburizing or post-nitriding heating or sudden cooling (i.e., quenching) operation. | |
220 | .. With producing or treating of workpiece having plural noncarburized or non-nitrided layers or mechanically engaged article or stock: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which includes producing or treating of (1) a workpiece
having plural noncarburized or non-nitrided layers, or (2) mechanically engaged
article or mechanically engaged stock.
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221 | .. With casting or solidifying from melt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy is cast or a total
mass (i.e., not just a portion or coating) of metal is solidified
from a melted state.
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222 | .. Utilizing ionized gas (e.g., plasma, etc.) or electron arc or beam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which uses at any process stage an ionized gas (e.g., plasma, etc.) or an electron arc or beam. | |
223 | .. Including use of vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which includes use of a vacuum at any stage in the process. | |
224 | .. Utilizing wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.) or electric heating with work as conductor: |
Process under 206 which uses wave energy (e.g., laser, etc.)
or electric heating with a metal workpiece as a conductor by passing
a current of electricity through the workpiece to cause heating
thereof at any stage in the process.
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225 | .. Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein a metal workpiece undergoing carburizing or nitriding is iron or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
226 | ... With working, machining, or cutting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process which includes a step of deforming the solid metal or mechanically cutting or grinding away of portions of the solid metal to produce a desired shape or form. | |
227 | ... Utilizing fused agent or media: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process wherein an agent or media in the melted or molten state is utilized at any stage in the process for any purpose. | |
228 | .... Nitriding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process which involves exposing a metal substrate or workpiece to an external reactive agent containing nitrogen that causes formation of a nitrogen enriched layer by reacting with the metal substrate or workpiece at any stage in the process. | |
229 | .... With post-carburizing quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process which includes a post-carburizing sudden cooling (i.e., quenching) operation. | |
230 | ... Nitriding: |
Process under 225 which involves exposing a metal substrate or workpiece to an external reactive agent containing nitrogen that causes formation of a nitrogen enriched layer by reacting with the metal substrate or workpiece. | |
231 | .... Utilizing nitrogen containing agent other than ammonia or elemental nitrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Process wherein a nitrogen containing agent other than ammonia or elemental nitrogen is utilized. | |
232 | .... With post-nitriding heating or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Process which includes a post-nitriding heating or sudden cooling (i.e., quenching) operation. | |
233 | ... With post carburizing heating or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process which includes a post-carburizing heating or sudden cooling (i.e., quenching) operation. | |
234 | ... Utilizing agent containing cyano (CN) radical or halogen (X) radical or metal carbonate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process which utilizes at any stage an agent containing a cyano (CN) radical or halogen (X=Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine or Iodine) radical or a metal carbonate. | |
235 | ... Utilizing hydrocarbon, oil or oxygenated hydrocarbon (e.g., alcohol, furan, carbohydrate, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process wherein hydrocarbon, oil or oxygenated hydrocarbon (e.g., alcohol, furan, carbohydrate, etc.) is utilized at any stage in the process. | |
236 | ... Utilizing solid carbonaceous material containing free carbon, coal, peat, or coke: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process wherein a solid carbonaceous material containing free carbon, coal, peat, or coke is utilized at any stage in the process. | |
237 | .. Refractory metal (i.e., Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W) or refractory base alloy: |
Process under 206 wherein a metal workpiece undergoing carburizing or nitridizing is a refractory metal (i.e., Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W) or alloy thereof containing greater than 50 percent of any one of the refractory metals. | |
238 | .. Nitriding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process which involves exposing a metal substrate or workpiece to an external reactive agent containing nitrogen that causes formation of a nitrogen enriched layer by reacting with the metal substrate or workpiece at any stage in the process. | |
239 | . With ion implantation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein an ionic species is directed at a substrate
with sufficient energy to be deposited within the microstructure
or interstitial spaces of a metal substrate.
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240 | . Processes of coating utilizing a reactive composition which reacts with metal substrate or composition therefore: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Processes involving forming a layer of a coating on an elemental
or alloyed metal substrate by applying thereto a material which
reacts with the metal substrate to form a layer in whole or part
thereon distinct from the metal, per se, to a composition which
reacts with a metal substrate to form a coating thereon and to processes
of preparing said reactive coating compositions.
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241 | .. Testing or electrical or wave energy utilized: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a test, or electrical or wave energy
is involved.
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242 | .. Molten bath or molten surface utilized during reaction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the coating material is a solid at ambient temperature but is in a partially or fully melted state or wherein the normally solid metal substrate is in a partially melted condition. | |
243 | .. Liquid reactive coating composition utilized: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a material which is in liquid form
contacts a metal substrate and reacts at the surface therewith to
form a layer on the substrate which is distinct from the substrate.
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244 | ... Dye or organic pigment containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the reactive liquid coating composition
contains an organic colorant, e.g., organic, dye, etc.
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245 | ... Electrically insulating coating formed which is more than mere oxide formation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the reaction product of the metal
substrate and the reactive material is claimed or disclosed as being
electrically insulating and is more than the formation of an oxide,
per se.
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246 | ... Contains lubricant or oil or overcoat thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the coating composition contains
an oil, or a material disclosed or claimed as a lubricant wherein
the reacted product"s surface is overcoated with an oil
or a material disclosed or claimed as a lubricant.
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247 | ... Contains an atom of hafnium, titanium or zirconium (excludes activating composition): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the reactive liquid coating composition
contains at least one atom of hafnium, titanium or zirconium in
either elemental or compound form and wherein said materials are
not activators.
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248 | ... Contains nonreactive organic liquid at ambient temperature (e.g., solvent, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains a nonreactive organic material which is normally liquid
at ambient temperature (e.g., solvents, etc.).
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249 | .... Nonreactive halogenated hydrocarbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the nonreactive liquid contains only
atoms of carbon, hydrogen and halogen or atoms of halogen and carbon.
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250 | ... Contains organic phosphorus or organic chromium compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains at least one atom of phosphorus or chromium as part of
an organic compound and which organic compound may or may not be
chemically reactive with the metal substrate.
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251 | ... Contains solid synthetic polymer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains a solid synthetic polymer which may or may not be chemically reactive
with the metal substrate.
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252 | ... Contains dicarboxylic acid or salt thereof which reacts with metal substrate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains a dicarboxylic acid compound or salt thereof which must
be chemically reactive with the metal substrate.
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253 | ... Contains phosphorus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
containing elemental phosphorus or an inorganic phosphorus compound is
applied to a metal substrate and reacts therewith.
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254 | .... Liquid composition applied prior to reaction of metal substrate with phosphorus (e.g., cleaning, activating, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein a liquid composition is applied to
the metal substrate prior to the application of the liquid reactive
composition containing a phosphorus atom in either an elemental
or compound form which is reactive with the metal substrate.
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255 | .... With additional coating composition containing an atom of chromium, phosphorus or sulfur: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the process involves two or more
coating steps, at least one step involves a coating composition
containing a phosphorus atom, and at least one of the two or more
coating steps requires a composition containing chromium or sulfur
or an additional phosphorus atom.
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256 | .... Specified liquid or gaseous coating composition applied after reaction with phosphorus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein a specified liquid or gaseous coating
composition is applied subsequent to the process of coating the
metal substrate with a liquid coating composition containing a reactive
phosphorus atom in either elemental or compound form.
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257 | ..... Specified coating composition contains organic material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter wherein at least one of the atoms in the liquid or gaseous coating composition is part of an organic compound. | |
258 | .... Contains an atom of chromium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition contains at least one atom of phosphorus and at least one atom of chromium. | |
259 | .... Contains organic additive other than for pH control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains at least one phosphorus atom and at least one organic compound and
which organic compound is more than merely an agent for controlling
the acidity or basicity of the coating composition.
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260 | ..... Nitrogen-containing organic compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter wherein the organic compound contains at least one nitrogen atom. | |
261 | .... Contains an atom of arsenic, boron or metal atom other than alkali metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains at least one phosphorus atom and at least one atom of arsenic, boron
or of a metal atom other than alkali metal.
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262 | ..... Contains an atom of iron or manganese or a group II metal atom (Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Hg): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the metal atom is iron or manganese or a group II metal atom (i.e., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Zn, Cd, Hg). | |
263 | ...... Contains an atom of calcium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter wherein the group II metal atom is calcium. | |
264 | ... Contains an atom of chromium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a reactive liquid composition containing
elemental chromium or inorganic chromium compound is applied to
a metal substrate.
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265 | .... Post chromium treatment with specified material (other than mere air drying): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the process includes a treatment
with a specified composition subsequent to the treatment with the
chromium containing composition and wherein said specified composition
involves more than air, per se.
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266 | .... Contains an atom of sulfur, selenium or tellurium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition contains at least one atom of chromium and at least one atom of sulfur, selenium or tellurium. | |
267 | .... Contains trivalent chromium ion or reducing agent or an organic additive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition contains at least one atom of chromium in trivalent form or contains a material disclosed or claimed as a reducing agent or contains an organic additive. | |
268 | .... Contains an atom of boron, silicon or metal atom other than alkali metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein the liquid reactive coating composition
contains at least one atom of chromium and at least one atom of
boron, silicon or of a metal atom other than an alkali metal atom.
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269 | ... Metal substrate contains elemental Ti, Zr, Hf, Cu, Ta, or Th or alloy thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a liquid composition is applied to
a metal substrate containing at least one elemental or alloyed form
of Ti, Zr, Hf, Cu, Ta or Th and reacts therewith.
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270 | ... Contains an atom of sulfur, selenium or tellurium: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a reactive liquid composition containing
an atom of sulfur, selenium or tellurium is applied to a metal substrate.
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271 | .... Contains organic sulfur compound: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein sulfur is in the form of an organic compound. | |
272 | ... Coating or treating a metal oxide with a specified composition: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein the process includes a subsequent
treatment of a disclosed or claimed metal oxide layer with a specified
composition.
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273 | ... Contains an atom of arsenic or metal atom other than alkali metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a reactive liquid composition containing
an atom of arsenic or a metal atom other than an alkali metal is
applied to a metal substrate and reacts therewith.
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274 | ... Contains organic material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a reactive liquid composition containing
an organic compound is applied to a metal substrate.
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275 | ... Metal substrate contains elemental aluminum or magnesium or alloy thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter wherein a reactive liquid composition is
applied to a metal substrate containing at least one elemental or
alloyed form of aluminum or magnesium.
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276 | .. Coating during or after metal oxide formation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a reactive composition is applied
to a metal substrate and reacts at the surface to form an oxide
layer and wherein concurrent with or subsequent to said oxide formation
an additional coating process is involved.
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277 | .. Metal oxide formed after applied coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a reactive material is applied to
the surface of a modified substrate and a reaction is caused thereby
to convert the previously formed surface into an oxide layer.
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278 | .. Carbide formation, decarburization or carbonizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a carbide is formed, decarburizing
occurs, or a carburizing reaction is involved.
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279 | .. Contains an atom of boron or silicon that reacts with metal substrate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein a reactive material containing at least one atom of boron or silicon is applied to the metal substrate and a silicon or boron atom is disclosed or claimed. | |
280 | .. Reactive material applied nonuniformly or reacted selectively: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the reaction with the metal substrate
is of a nonuniform nature.
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281 | .. Metal substrate contains elemental Ti, Zr, Nb, Ag, Ta or W or alloy thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the metal substrate contains elemental
or an alloyed form of titanium, zirconium, niobium, silver, tantalum
or tungsten.
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282 | .. Metal substrate contains elemental copper or alloy thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the metal substrate contains elemental
copper or an alloy thereof.
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283 | .. Contains an atom of halogen, organic material or gaseous sulfur: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the material which reacts with the
metal surface contains at least one halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I,
At) or is an organic material, or is gaseous sulfur.
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284 | .. Coating composition applied forms oxide coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein an oxide of a metal is formed on a metal containing substrate. | |
285 | ... Oxide of aluminum, beryllium or magnesium formed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein an oxide layer of aluminum, beryllium
or magnesium is formed on an aluminum, beryllium or magnesium containing
substrate.
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286 | ... Oxide of cobalt, chromium or nickel formed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein an oxide layer of chromium, cobalt,
or nickel is formed on a chromium, cobalt or nickel containing substrate.
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287 | ... Oxide of iron formed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein an oxide layer of iron is formed
on an iron containing substrate.
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500 | . Utilizing disclosed mathematical formula or relationship: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein a mathematical formula or relationship containing
variables is disclosed and utilized in the claimed process.
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501 | .. Nonferrous metal, nonferrous alloy or no-base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process wherein the metal is a nonferrous metal, an alloy having greater than 50 percent of one of the nonferrous metals or an alloy having no one metal present in an amount greater than 50 percent. | |
502 | ... Aluminum (Al) or aluminum base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Process wherein aluminum or an alloy containing greater than 50 percent aluminum is the nonferrous based metal. | |
503 | .. Utilizing therein symbol for temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process which utilizes, in a mathematical formula or relationship
therein, a symbol to represent temperature other than abbreviations representing
the temperature scale (e.g., C for centigrade, etc.).
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504 | ... With working step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Process which includes a working step. | |
505 | .. Utilizing therein factors or percentages related to metal or metal alloy composition (i.e., including carbon content): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process wherein a mathematical formula or relationship utilizes
factors or percentages related to a metal or alloy composition including
all materials whether metal or not (e.g., carbon content).
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506 | ... With chromium (Cr) in the mathematical relationship: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Process wherein a factor or percentage related to chromium (Cr) content is utilized in a mathematical formula or relationship. | |
507 | ... With titanium (Ti) in the mathematical relationship: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Process wherein a factor or percentage related to titanium (Ti) content is utilized in a formula or mathematical relationship. | |
508 | . With measuring, testing, or sensing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process which includes a step involving measuring, testing,
or sensing of a reaction condition.
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509 | .. Magnetic or electrical property: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Process wherein a magnetic or electrical property is measured,
tested, or sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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510 | .. Change in dimension (e.g., expansion, elongation, distortion, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Process wherein a change in dimension (e.g., expansion, elongation, distortion, etc.) of a treated metal or alloy is measured, tested or sensed. | |
511 | .. Temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Process wherein there is an actual step of measuring, sensing, or testing of temperature. | |
512 | . Surface melting (e.g., melt alloying etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein only a surface of the solid or semisolid
metal is melted during the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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513 | . Treating loose metal powder, particle or flake: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein (1) loose metal or metal alloy powder, particle
or flake in a solid or semisolid state is cooled or heat treated
to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties and not elsewhere provided or (2) solid or
semisolid metal or metal alloy is cooled or heat treated to modify
or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties and loose metal powder, particle or flake
is produced therefrom (e.g., comminuting).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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514 | . Treating consolidated metal powder, per se (i.e., no sintering or compacting step present): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy powder in a preconsolidated
state is treated and there is no sintering or no consolidating step
present.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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515 | . With explosive or exothermic agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein an explosive or exothermic chemical agent
is utilized to treat a metal article or stock.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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516 | . Producing or treating layered, bonded, welded, or mechanically engaged article or stock as a final product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein a layered, bonded, welded, or mechanically
engaged (e.g., inserts, etc.) article or stock having at least one
layer or integral portion thereof made of metal or metal alloy is the
product of a process consistent with the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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517 | .. Subambient temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein any metal portion of the article or stock
undergoing treatment is actually cooled to a temperature identified
as either below ambient temperature or below 20°C to control
the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
properties thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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518 | .. With electrocoating (e.g., electroplating, anodizing, sputtering, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process which includes a step of electrocoating (e.g., electroplating,
anodizing, etc.) by application of an externally supplied electrical
current or by sputtering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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519 | .. Pipe or tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein a pipe or tube is produced or treated. | |
520 | ... With induction heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Process which includes a step of heating the metal workpiece
by utilizing a magnetic field to induce a flow of electrons in the
workpiece that results in production of heat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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521 | ... With metal fusion bonding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Process which includes a step of metal fusion bonding of
metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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522 | .. With casting or solidifying from melt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy, article or stock
is subjected to a casting operation or a total metal mass (i.e.,
not just a portion or coating) is solidified from a melted state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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523 | ... Of aluminum (Al) or aluminum alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy being cast or solidified is aluminum or an alloy containing greater than 50 percent aluminum. | |
524 | .. With metal fusion bonding step utilizing electron arc or beam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process which utilizes an electron arc or beam for fusion
bonding metal to metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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525 | .. Utilizing wave energy (e.g., laser, electromagnetic wave energy, etc.) plasma or electron arc or beam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process which utilizes wave energy (e.g., laser, electromagnetic
wave energy, etc.), plasma or an electron arc or beam for (1) modifying
or maintaining the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties of metal or a metal alloy or (2) in a combined
process that includes a step of modifying or maintaining the internal
physical structure or chemical properties of metal or a metal alloy,
the use of electromagnetic wave energy, plasma, electron arc or
beam for any purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
526 | .. Electric heating with work as electrical conductor (e.g., alternating current, induction, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein an electrical current passes through the
workpiece or is made to flow in a workpiece or through induction
to cause the heating thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
527 | .. With metal next to or bonded to metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein the article or stock being produced or treated has a metal layer or part next to or bonded to an adjacent metal layer or part. | |
528 | ... With brazing or soldering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Process wherein a step of brazing or soldering is present or wherein brazed or soldered article or stock is being treated. | |
529 | ... Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy present: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Process wherein at least one of the layers or parts is iron (Fe) or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
530 | .... Next to nonferrous metal or nonferrous base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Process wherein the iron or iron base alloy is next to a second layer or part which is identifiable as a nonferrous metal or nonferrous base metal alloy containing greater than 50 percent of any one of the nonferrous metals. | |
531 | ..... Aluminum (Al) or aluminum base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Process wherein the nonferrous metal is aluminum(Al) or the nonferrous base alloy has greater than 50 percent aluminum. | |
532 | ..... Copper (Cu) or copper base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Process wherein the nonferrous metal is copper (Cu) or the nonferrous base alloy contains greater than 50 percent copper. | |
533 | ..... Zinc (Zn), zinc base alloy or unspecified galvanizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Process in which the nonferrous metal is zinc (Zn) or the nonferrous base alloy contains greater than 50 percent zinc or in which there is a galvanizing step that does not specify the coating metal. | |
534 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Process in which there is a metal deforming step. | |
535 | ... Aluminum (Al) or aluminum base alloy present: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Process wherein at least one of the layers or parts is aluminum(Al) or an aluminum alloy containing greater than 50 percent aluminum. | |
536 | ... Copper (Cu) or copper base alloy present: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Process wherein at least one of the layers or parts is copper or copper alloy containing greater than 50 percent copper. | |
537 | .. With coating step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process which includes a coating step. | |
538 | . With casting or solidifying from melt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process which includes a step of casting metal or solidifying
a total metal mass (i.e., not just a portion or coating) from a
melted condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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539 | .. Centrifugal casting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process wherein melted metal is cast from a rotating means by centrifugal force (e.g., spin casting). | |
540 | .. Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process wherein the metal being cast is iron (Fe) or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
541 | ... Continuous casting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Process wherein the metal being cast is continuously cast in an endless manner without interruption from the casting apparatus. | |
542 | ... Containing at least nine percent chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.): |
Process under 540 wherein the iron alloy contains at least nine percent chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.). | |
543 | ... Containing at least 1.5 percent carbon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Process wherein the iron alloy contains at least 1.5 percent carbon. | |
544 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Process which involves a metal deforming step. | |
545 | .... With tempering, ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening, or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Process which includes a step of tempering, ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or precipitation strengthening, or quenching as a literally expressed operation. | |
546 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Process which includes a metal deforming step. | |
547 | .... With tempering, ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening, or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 546. Process which involves a step of tempering, ageing, solution treating, precipitation hardening or precipitation strengthening, or quenching as a literally expressed operation. | |
548 | ... With tempering, ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening, or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Process which involves a step of tempering, ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or precipitation strengthening, or quenching as a literally expressed operation. | |
549 | .. Aluminum (Al) or aluminum base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process wherein the metal being cast is aluminum(Al) or an aluminum alloy containing greater than 50 percent aluminum. | |
550 | ... With extruding or drawing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 549. Process wherein there is a step of extruding or drawing of the aluminum or aluminum alloy. | |
551 | ... Continuous casting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 549. Process wherein the metal being cast is continuously cast from the casting apparatus in an endless manner without interruption. | |
552 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 549. Process which involves a metal deforming step. | |
553 | .. Copper (Cu) or copper base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process wherein the metal being cast is copper (Cu) or a copper alloy containing greater than 50 percent copper. | |
554 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Process which involves a metal deforming step. | |
555 | .. Nickel(Ni) or nickel base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process wherein the metal being cast is nickel(Ni) or a nickel alloy containing greater than 50 percent nickel. | |
556 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Process which involves a metal deforming step. | |
557 | .. With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Process which involves a metal deforming step. | |
558 | . With vibration (e.g., mechanical, sound, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process which involves the use of mechanical vibration (e.g., high frequency sound, etc.) to modify the microstructure of the metal without deformation of the metal in the vibrating operation. | |
559 | . Heating or cooling of solid metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein metal remaining in the solid or semisolid state (i.e., unmelted) throughout the entire process is subjected to a heating or cooling operation. | |
560 | .. Actinide or trans-actinide metal or alloy having greater than 50 percent actinide or trans-actinide metals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal undergoing treatment is a metal
or metal alloy having greater than 50 percent of actinide or a trans-actinide metal
or greater than 50 percent of a combination of different actinide
and/or trans-actinide metals in the alloy.
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561 | .. Passing through an amorphous state or treating or producing an amorphous metal or alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy having no regular
crystalline structure or periodicity (i.e., amorphous) in any amount
is produced or treated by a process under the class definition or
wherein a metal or metal alloy passes through a physical state having
no regular crystalline structure or periodicity during the treatment
of the metal or metal alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
562 | .. Treating single crystal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a single crystal metal or metal alloy is
the material being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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563 | .. Mechanical memory (e.g., shape, heat-recoverable, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy having the ability
when originally shaped at a first temperature and reshaped at a
second temperature to undergo a reversible thermoelastic transition
and resume its original shape when returned to the first temperature
or an intermediate temperature is produced or treated in a process
under the Class 148 definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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564 | .. Superplastic (e.g., dynamic recrystallization, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a metal or metal alloy possessing the characteristic
of not rupturing or "necking down" when extensively
deformed is produced or treated by a process under the class definition
and wherein, if metal working is part of the process, a working
temperature is provided as an indication of significant heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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565 | .. Utilizing wave energy (e.g., laser, electromagnetic, etc.), plasma or electron arc or beam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process which utilizes wave energy (e.g., laser, electromagnetic,
etc.), plasma or electron arc or beam for (1) modifying or maintaining
the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
properties of metal or metal alloy or (2) in a combined process
including a step of modifying or maintaining the internal physical structure
or chemical properties of a metal or metal alloy, the use of wave
energy, plasma, electron arc, or beam for any purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
566 | .. Electric heating with work as conductor (e.g., alternating current, induction, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein an electric current from an external source
is passed through a metal or metal alloy workpiece or is made to
flow in a metal or metal alloy workpiece through induction to cause
heating thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
567 | ... Induction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Process wherein electricity is caused to pass through the
workpiece by inducing current flow through influence of an external
electrical field
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
568 | .... Wire or filament: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece undergoing treatment is a wire or filament. | |
569 | .... Railway stock (e.g., rails, wheels, axles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece being treated is stock including rails, wheels, axles, or other metal parts utilized with a railway system. | |
570 | .... Of hollow bodies (e.g., pipe, sphere, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece being treated is hollow. | |
571 | ..... Inside only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Process wherein the hollow workpiece being treated is heated by induction applied only from the inside thereof. | |
572 | .... Rod, axle, shaft, or roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece undergoing treatment is a rod, axle, shaft, or roller. | |
573 | .... Gear, threaded article, drill or serrated work surface (e.g., saw blade, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece undergoing treatment is a gear, threaded article, drill or serrated work surface (e.g., saw blade, etc.). | |
574 | .... And cooling with fluid contact: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Process which includes a step of cooling the metal or metal alloy by contacting the same with a fluid cooling agent or medium. | |
575 | ..... Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece undergoing treatment is iron (Fe) or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
576 | ... Wire or filament: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Process wherein the metal or metal alloy workpiece undergoing treatment is a wire or filament. | |
577 | .. Chilling to subambient temperature: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal is subjected to treatment at below
ambient temperature (i.e., below 20°C).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
578 | ... Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 577. Process wherein the metal undergoing treatment is iron (Fe) or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
579 | .. Iron (Fe) or iron base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is iron (Fe) or an iron alloy containing greater than 50 percent iron. | |
580 | ... Spring or spring material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal being treated is described as a spring or spring material (e.g., coils, leaf, etc.). | |
581 | ... Railway stock (e.g., rails, wheels, axles, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal being treated is indicated to be stock including rails, wheels, axles, or other metal parts utilized with a railway system. | |
582 | .... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
Process under 581 wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound or composition other than air or water is utilized to treat the iron or iron alloy. | |
583 | .... Wheel: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Process wherein the metal being treated is a wheel. | |
584 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Process which includes a step of deforming the metal. | |
585 | .... With work handling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Process wherein a metal workpiece is manipulated for positioning or moving about during any stage of the process. | |
586 | ... Gear: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal undergoing treatment is a part, which is usually toothed or spiraled and referred to as a gear, by which motion is transmitted from one portion of machinery to another. | |
587 | ... Threaded article (e.g., screws, drill bits, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal being treated contains a threaded portion (e.g., screws, drill bits, etc.). | |
588 | ... Serrated work surface (e.g., saw blades, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein there is a serrated surface portion on the metal (e.g., saw blades, etc.) being treated. | |
589 | ... Ring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal undergoing treatment is in the shape of an annular band of limited length (i.e., ring). | |
590 | ... Pipe or tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein a hollow elongated cylinder (i.e., pipe or tube) is the metal undergoing treatment. | |
591 | .... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Process wherein a vacuum or treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound or composition other than air or water is utilized to treat the iron or iron alloy. | |
592 | .... Nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Process wherein the pipe or tube is an iron alloy containing nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.). | |
593 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
594 | .... With work handling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Process wherein a metal workpiece is manipulated for positioning or moving about during any stage of the process. | |
595 | ... Wire, rod, or filament: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the workpiece undergoing treatment is a
wire, rod, or filament.
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596 | .... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Process wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound, or composition other than air or water is utilized to treat the wire, rod, or filament. | |
597 | .... Nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Process wherein the wire, rod, or filament is an iron alloy containing nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.). | |
598 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
599 | ..... With working at or below 120°C or unspecified cold working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Process wherein there is a metal deforming operation that occurs from below 120°C down to 20°C or reciting a cold working at an unspecified temperature. | |
600 | .... With work handling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Process wherein the wire, rod, or filament is manipulated for positioning or moving about at any stage of the process. | |
601 | ... With coiling or treating of coiled strip: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process which includes a coiling step or treating of a coiled strip. | |
602 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 601. Process which includes a metal deforming step in addition to the coiling step. | |
603 | ..... With working at or below 120°C or unspecified cold working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Process wherein there is a metal deforming operation that occurs from or below 120°C down to 20°C or reciting cold working at an unspecified temperature. | |
604 | ... Of stacked plural workpieces: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein plural workpieces are vertically stacked,
one above the other.
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605 | ... Nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the Iron alloy undergoing treatment contains nine percent or more chromium (Cr) (e.g., stainless steel, etc.). | |
606 | .... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process wherein a vacuum or treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound, or composition other than air or water is utilized to treat the iron or iron alloy. | |
607 | .... Ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation strengthening or precipitation hardening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process which includes operations designated as ageing,
solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation strengthening
or precipitation hardening.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
608 | ..... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 607. Process which includes a metal deforming step. | |
609 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
610 | ..... With working at or below 120°C or unspecified cold working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Process wherein there is a metal deforming operation that occurs from below 120°C down to 20°C or cold working at an unspecified temperature. | |
611 | .... Austenitic phase structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process wherein there is an Austenitic phase structure identified as present in the iron alloy. | |
612 | ... Starting material contains 1.7 percent or more carbon (e.g., cast iron, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the iron alloy contains 1.7 percent or more carbon (e.g., cast iron, etc.). | |
613 | .... Decarburizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Process which includes a treatment that reduces the carbon content present in the workpiece. | |
614 | .... Starting material is spherulitic (i.e., spheroidal) or vermicular (i.e., wormlike): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Process wherein there is a spherulitic (i.e., spheroidal) or vermicular (i.e., wormlike) carbon state present in the starting iron alloy undergoing treatment. | |
615 | .... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Process wherein a vacuum or treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, nitridizing agent, etc.) is specified as an element, compound, or composition other than air or water is utilized to treat the iron or iron alloy. | |
616 | .... Treating or producing white or malleable cast iron: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Process wherein the iron alloy undergoing treatment is white or malleable cast iron or wherein the product of the process is white or malleable cast iron. | |
617 | ..... Producing malleable cast iron: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Process wherein the product of the process is a malleable cast iron. | |
618 | ...... With spheroidal graphite production: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 617. Process for producing a malleable cast iron product, also includes the production of spheroidal graphite. | |
619 | ... Containing 10 percent or more manganese(Mn) (e.g., Hadfield steel, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the iron alloy undergoing treatment contains 10 percent or more manganese(Mn) (e.g., Hadfield steel, etc.). | |
620 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 619. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
621 | ... Highly alloyed (i.e., greater than 10 percent alloying elements): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the iron based alloy contains greater than
a total of 10 percent alloying elements.
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622 | ... Ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation strengthening or precipitation hardening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process which includes operations designated as ageing,
solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation strengthening
or precipitation hardening.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
623 | .... Overageing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Process which defines the aging operation as "overageing". | |
624 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
625 | ... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound, or composition other than air or water, per se, to treat the iron or iron alloy. | |
626 | .... With preserving, recovering, separately treating or handling of the specified treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process which includes preserving, recovering, separately treating or manipulating for positioning or moving about of the specified treating agent. | |
627 | .... With localized or zone heating or cooling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process wherein a heating or cooling operation is applied to a discontinuous area of the metal workpiece to provide treatment limited to one or several local areas or zones and not to other adjacent areas. | |
628 | .... Using vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process which involves the use of a vacuum at any stage of the process. | |
629 | .... Decarburizing or denitriding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process which includes a step decarburizing or denitriding. | |
630 | .... Utilizing particulate fluid bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process which involves the use of a bed of particulate material in gaseous suspension serving as the treating agent. | |
631 | .... Fused treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process wherein the treating agent is fused. | |
632 | ..... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 631. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
633 | .... Gaseous agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process which includes the use of a specified gaseous agent other than air or water. | |
634 | ..... Hydrogen: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Process wherein the gaseous treating agent contains molecular
hydrogen gas and excluding air.
| |||||
635 | ..... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
636 | .... Liquid agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Process wherein the specified treating agent is a liquid other than liquid air, per se, or water, per se. | |
637 | ..... And cooling or quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Process which includes a cooling or quenching operation. | |
638 | ...... Treating composition contains water: |
Process under 637 wherein the treating agent composition includes water, but is not water, per se. | |
639 | ... Localized or zone heating or cooling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein a heating or cooling operation is applied to a discontinuous area of the metal workpiece to provide treatment limited to one or several local areas or zones and not to another adjacent area. | |
640 | .... Utilizing protective or insulating shielding from heat: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Process wherein a mechanical barrier or shield is utilized to protect or insulate the local area or zone of metal from heat. | |
641 | .... Simultaneous heating and cooling treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Process which includes a step of simultaneous heating and cooling. | |
642 | .... Heating with flame treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Process which involves use of a flame to heat a metal workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
643 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Process which involves metal deforming. | |
644 | .... Cooling |
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Process which includes cooling of metal. | |
645 | ... With flattening, straightening or tensioning by external force: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the metal workpiece is subjected to a flattening,
straightening, or tensioning operation which utilizes an external
force.
| |||
646 | ... With restraining of metal from expanding or contracting during heating or cooling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein the expansion or contraction of the metal workpiece creates a force which is opposed by a holding or confining means to restrain the metal workpiece from expanding or contracting. | |
647 | .... Die quenching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process wherein the workpiece is restrained in a die while undergoing a rapid cooling (i.e., quenching) operation. | |
648 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process which includes metal deforming. | |
649 | .... Forging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 648. Process which includes a metal deforming operation by heating and hammering (i.e., forging). | |
650 | .... With working at or below 120°C or unspecified cold working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 648. Process wherein there is a metal deforming operation that
occurs at a temperature from below 120°C down to 20°C
or cold working at an unspecified temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
651 | ..... Heating step follows cold working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Process wherein at least one heating operation follows a cold working operation. | |
652 | ...... Separate cooling step follows cold working step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 651. Process wherein there is a separate cooling operation performed subsequent to the cold working step. | |
653 | .... With additional nonworking heating step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 648. Process wherein in addition to the step in which metal working occurs, there is a separate step of heating for modifying the microstructure of a metal workpiece. | |
654 | .... Including cooling (e.g., quenching, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 648. Process which includes, in addition to the metal working step, a separate cooling operation (e.g., quenching, etc.). | |
655 | ... With separate handling or treating of the air, water, or unspecified fluid treating media: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein air, water, or an unspecified fluid treating
media is subjected to a separate step of manipulation or treating
outside of the metal treating operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
656 | ... Work handling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process wherein a metal workpiece is manipulated for positioning or moving about at any stage in the process. | |
657 | .... Continuous strip or sheet: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Process wherein the workpiece is in the form of a continuous strip or sheet of metal. | |
658 | .... During cooling step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Process wherein the handling of the workpiece takes place during a cooling step. | |
659 | ... Including spheroidizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process which involves production of spheroidal microstructural components. | |
660 | ... Including cooling (e.g., quenching, etc.): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Process which includes a cooling step (e.g., quenching, etc.). | |
661 | .... Strip, sheet, or plate: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process wherein the metal workpiece is in the form of a strip, sheet, or plate. | |
662 | .... Heating step follows cooling step: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process in which a heating step follows a cooling step. | |
663 | ..... Tempering: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Process which includes a tempering heat treatment at any stage whereby a crystal structure such as martensite is transformed to carbides residing in austenite. | |
664 | .... Multiple cooling steps: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 660. Process wherein there are multiple cooling steps. | |
665 | .. Beryllium (Be) or beryllium base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is beryllium(Be) or a beryllium alloy containing greater than 50 percent beryllium. | |
666 | .. Magnesium (Mg) or magnesium base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is magnesium (Mg) or a magnesium alloy containing greater than 50 percent magnesium. | |
667 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Process wherein there is a step of metal deforming. | |
668 | .. Refractory metal (i.e., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), columbium (Cb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W)), or alloy base thereof: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), columbium (Cb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), or an alloy thereof containing greater than 50 percent of one of said metals. | |
669 | ... Titanium (Ti) or titanium base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Process wherein the metal being treated is titanium (Ti) or titanium alloy containing greater than 50 percent titanium. | |
670 | .... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Process which includes a step of metal deforming. | |
671 | ..... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 670. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
| |||
672 | ... Zirconium (Zr) or zirconium base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Process wherein the metal being treated is zirconium (Zr) or a zirconium alloy containing greater than 50 percent zirconium. | |
673 | ... Tungsten (W) or tungsten base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Process wherein the metal being treated is tungsten (W) or a tungsten alloy containing greater than 50 percent tungsten. | |
674 | .. Cobalt (Co) or cobalt base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is cobalt(Co) or a cobalt alloy containing greater 50 percent cobalt. | |
675 | .. Nickel (Ni) or nickel base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is nickel(Ni) or a nickel alloy containing greater than 50 percent nickel. | |
676 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Process which includes a metal deforming step. | |
677 | .... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 676. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literal expression.
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678 | .. Noble metal (i.e., silver (Ag), gold (Au), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd)) or alloy base thereof: |
Process under 559 wherein the metal being treated is silver(Ag), gold(Au), osmium(Os), iridium(Ir), platinum(Pt), ruthenium(Ru), rhodium(Rh), palladium(Pd), or an alloy base thereof containing greater than 50 percent of any one of said metals. | |
679 | .. Copper (Cu) or copper base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is copper (Cu) or a copper alloy containing greater than 50 percent copper. | |
680 | ... With working above 400°C or nonspecified hot working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process wherein there is a metal deforming step that takes
place at a temperature above 400°C or there is nonspecified
hot working.
| |||
681 | .... Multiple working steps: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 680. Process which includes plural metal deforming steps and wherein at least one of said metal deforming steps is performed above 400°C or is a nonspecified hot working. | |
682 | ..... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed expression.
| |||
683 | .... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 680. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed expression.
| |||
684 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process which includes a metal deforming step at from 400°C
down to 20°C or cold working at an unspecified temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
685 | .... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 684. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
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686 | ... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
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687 | ... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
Process under 679 wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g.,
heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding
agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound, or composition other
than air or water is utilized to treat the copper or copper alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
688 | .. Aluminum (Al) or aluminum base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is aluminum(Al) or an aluminum alloy containing greater than 50 percent aluminum. | |
689 | ... With extruding or drawing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Process wherein the metal is extruded or drawn through a shaping orifice for purpose of shaping the metal. | |
690 | .... And ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 689. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
| |||
691 | ... With working above 400°C or nonspecified hot working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Process wherein there is a metal deforming step that takes place at a temperature above 400°C or there is nonspecified hot working. | |
692 | .... Multiple working steps: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Process which includes plural metal deforming steps and wherein at least one of said metal deforming steps is performed above 400°C or at an unspecified hot working temperature. | |
693 | ..... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 692. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
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694 | .... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
| |||
695 | ... With working: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Process which includes a metal deforming step at 400°C
down to 20°C.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
696 | .... Multiple working steps: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 695. Process which includes plural metal deforming steps and
wherein each of said metal deforming steps are performed at from
400°C down to 20°C.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
697 | ..... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 696. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
| |||
698 | ... With ageing, solution treating (i.e., for hardening), precipitation hardening or strengthening: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Process which includes a step of ageing, solution treating
(i.e., for hardening), or precipitation hardening or precipitation
strengthening as a literally expressed condition.
| |||
699 | .... Copper (Cu) containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Process wherein the aluminum alloy contains copper (Cu) in any amount. | |
700 | ..... Magnesium (Mg) containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Process wherein the aluminum alloy contains copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) in any amount. | |
701 | ...... Zinc (Zn) containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Process wherein the Aluminum alloy contains copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn) in any amount. | |
702 | .... Magnesium (Mg) containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Process wherein the aluminum alloy contains magnesium (Mg) in any amount. | |
703 | ... Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Process wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g., heat
exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding
agent, etc.) specified as an element, compound, or composition other
than air or water is utilized to treat aluminum or aluminum alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
704 | .... In fused state: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 703. Process wherein the specified agent is in a fused or melted state. | |
705 | .. Zinc (Zn) or zinc base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is zinc (Zn) or zinc alloy containing greater than 50 percent zinc. | |
706 | .. Lead (Pb) or lead base alloy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal being treated is lead (Pb) or a lead alloy containing greater than 50 percent lead. | |
707 | .. Over 50 percent metal, but no base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein the metal alloy being treated contains over 50 percent metal and in which there is no one metal present over 50 percent. | |
708 | .. Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a vacuum or treating agent (e.g., specified
heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding
agent, etc.) is specified as an element, compound, or composition
other than air or water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
709 | ... With preserving, recovering, or separately handling or treating of the agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 708. Process wherein the specified treating agent or composition is itself treated (e.g., preserving, recovering, regenerating) in an operation distinct from the metal treating operation. | |
710 | ... Utilizing particulate form in fluid bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 708. Process wherein the specified agent is utilized in particulate
form in a fluid bed to treat the metal or metal alloy.
| |||
711 | ... In fused state: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 708. Process wherein the specified agent is utilized in a fused or melted state to treat the metal or metal alloy. | |
712 | ... In gaseous state: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 708. Process wherein the specified agent is utilized to treat the metal or metal alloy is in the gaseous state during the treatment operation. | |
713 | ... In liquid state: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 708. Process wherein the specified agent is in the liquid state during the treatment of the metal or metal alloy. | |
714 | .. Localized or zone heating or cooling treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Process wherein a portion or several portions but less than the total of a metal workpiece is subjected to a heating or cooling treatment that limits the change in microstructure to localized areas or zones as opposed to the entire workpiece. | |
22 | COMPOSITIONS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Compositions employed in the treatment of solid metal and
processes for preparing same when not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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23 | . Fluxing: |
Compositions which contain a substance which facilitates
uniting by fusion in such processes as welding, soldering and coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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24 | .. Metallic: |
The composition as applied contains metal particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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25 | .. Oleaginous: |
The composition contains an oil or fat. | |
26 | .. Inorganic: |
Composed wholly of inorganic substances when applied to the metal. | |
27 | . Heat treating: |
Compositions for treating solid metal when in a heated condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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28 | .. Liquid: |
The composition is in a liquid condition when brought into
contact with the hot metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
29 | ... Oleaginous: |
The liquid composition contains an oil or fat. | |
30 | .. Carbonaceous: |
The composition contains available carbon, which it gives
up to the heated metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
33 | BARRIER LAYER STOCK MATERIAL, P-N TYPE: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Electrically semiconductive stock which is essentially homogeneous
and has at least two contiguous layers differing in the number of unbound
electrons and/or differing in energy gap levels, which
exhibit a junction between the layers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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33.1 | . With contiguous layer doped to degeneracy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Stock which has two contiguous layers of semiconductive
material doped to degeneracy.
| |||||
33.2 | . With recess, void, dislocation, grain boundaries or channel openings: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Stock in which at least one layer contains voids, dislocations,
grain boundaries or channel openings.
| |||
33.3 | . With non-semiconductive coating thereon: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Stock combined with a nonsemiconductive coating. | |
33.4 | . With contiguous layers of different semiconductive material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Stock in which the material in at least two contiguous layers, which are considered the semiconductors, is of different compositions. | |
33.5 | . Having at least three contiguous layers of semiconductive material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Stock comprising three or more contiguous layers of semiconductive material. | |
33.6 | .. Including an alloy layer having named impurities: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 33.5. Stock including at least one alloyed layer of semiconductive material having named impurities. | |
400 | STOCK: |
Elemental metal, alloys or metallic compositions which (a)
are the product of a process or this class (148) e.g., heat treated,
age hardened etc., (b) are claimed in terms of specific magnetic
properties, (c) are amorphous, (d) possess the property of shape
memory, (e) are the product of significant Class 164, Metal Founding, step,
e.g., chill cast, directionally solidified etc., or (f) are the
product of the dispersion of particulate matter in molten metal
which particulate matter retains its identity in the final product,
e.g., dispersion strengthened.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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401 | . Radioactive: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which is claimed as being radioactive, containing
an isotope of an element which is radioactive, or containing an
element of which all the known isotopes are radioactive.
| |||
300 | . Magnetic: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material for magnetic material which is claimed as
resulting from a Class 148 treatment, as having an internal structure
which resulted from a Class 148 treatment, which is claimed in terms
of a specified magnetic property, e.g., coercive force, etc., or
for coated magnetic material wherein the coating is followed by
a Class 148 treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
301 | .. Rare earth and transition metal containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Stock material which contains both a rare earth metal and a transition metal, e.g., Co5 Sm etc. | |
302 | ... Boron containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Stock material which additionally contains boron. | |
303 | ... Copper containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Stock material which additional contains copper. | |
304 | .. Amorphous: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Stock material which has no regular crystal structure but
rather has a series of noncrystalline areas much like a glass.
| |||||
305 | ... With inclusion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Amorphous stock material which internal structure interspersed
within an amorphous matrix.
| |||
306 | .. Iron base (i.e., ferrous): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Stock material which contains over 50 percent iron. | |
307 | ... Silicon containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Stock material which additionally contains silicon. | |
308 | .... Specific crystallos:graphic orientations: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Stock material wherein the material is defined as having
its crystals oriented in a particular manner, e.g., by Miller indices, "cube
on edge" etc.
| |||
309 | .... Containing over 1 percent aluminum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Stock material which additionally contains more than 1 percent aluminum. | |
310 | ... Nickel containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Stock material which additionally contains nickel. | |
311 | ... Cobalt containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Stock material which additionally contains cobalt. | |
312 | .. Nickel base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Stock material which contains over 50 percent nickel. | |
313 | .. Cobalt base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Stock material which contains over 50 percent cobalt. | |
314 | .. Manganese base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Stock material which contains over 50 percent manganese. | |
315 | .. No single metal over 500 percent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Stock material which contains 50 percent or less of any single metal, i.e., no base metal. | |
316 | . Carburized or nitrided: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material wherein the surface of the material contains
additional carbon or nitrogen diffused therein.
| |||
317 | .. Nitrided: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Stock material wherein the surface of the material contains
additional nitrogen diffused therein.
| |||
318 | ... Ferrous (i.e., iron base): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Stock material which contains over 50 percent iron. | |
319 | .. Ferrous (i.e., iron base): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Stock material which contains over 50 percent iron. | |
402 | . Mechanical memory: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which when shaped at a first temperature,
and reshaped at a different temperature resumes its first shape
when returned to the first temperature, or at some intermediate temperature.
| |||
403 | . Amorphous, i.e., glassy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which has no regular crystal structure, but
rather has a series of noncrystalline areas much like a glass.
| |||
404 | . Directionally solidified: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material in which solidification of the alloy, or
metallic composition has been carried out along one plane only,
usually resulting in a "columnar" crystalline
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
320 | . Ferrous (i.e., iron base): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent iron. | |
321 | .. 1.7 Percent or more carbon containing (e.g., cast iron): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains 1.7 percent or
more carbon.
| |||
322 | ... Malleabilized: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Stock material which is chill cast iron (see subclass 323
for definition) which has been subsequently heat treated to allow
the combined carbon of the white chill cast iron to substantially
precipitate as fine globules of graphite in a matrix of iron of
much lower carbon contact (usually in the range of .4 to .6 percent).
| |||
323 | ... Chill cast: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Stock material which has been cast in such a manner that
substantially all the carbon in the iron is combined with the iron
rather than allowed to precipitate out as inclusions of free graphite
carbon.
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324 | ... Six percent or more group IV, V or IV transition metal containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Stock material which additionally contains one or more of the elements titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum or tungsten in a total amount of 6 percent or more. | |
325 | .. Nine percent or more chromium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains 9 percent of
more chromium.
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326 | ... Age or precipitation hardened or strengthened: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Stock material which has been first heated to a relatively
high temperature to cause ingredients thereof to dissolve to form
a solid solution and then aged, or heated to a lower temperature
for an extended period of time whereby phases are precipitated which
increase the hardness, or strength of the material.
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327 | ... Eight percent for more total content of nickel and/or manganese: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Stock material which additionally contains a combined total
of 8 percent or more.
| |||
328 | .. Age or precipitation hardened or strengthened: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which has been first heated to a relatively
high temperature to cause ingredients thereof to dissolve to form
a solid solution and then aged, or heated to a lower temperature
for an extended period of time whereby phases are precipitated which
increase the hardness, or strength of the material.
| |||||||
329 | .. Eight percent or more manganese containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains 8 percent or more manganese. | |
330 | .. Beryllium or boron containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains beryllium or boron. | |
331 | .. Rare earth metal containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains scandium, yttrium or a lanthanide metal. | |
332 | .. Copper containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains copper. | |
333 | .. Chromium containing, but less than 9 percent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains chromium in an amount of less than 9 percent. | |
334 | ... Molybdenum containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Stock material which additionally contains molybdenum. | |
335 | .... Nickel containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Stock material which additionally contains nickel. | |
336 | .. Nickel containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains nickel. | |
337 | .. Three percent or more manganese containing or containing other transition metal in any amount: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Stock material which additionally contains at least one
of 3 percent or more manganese or any amount of one or more other
transition metals not provided for above.
| |||
405 | . Age or precipitation hardened or strengthened: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which has been first heated to a relatively
high temperature to cause ingredients thereof to dissolve to form
a solid solution and then aged, or heated to a lower temperature
for an extended period of time whereby phases are precipitated which
increase the hardness, or strength, of the material.
| |||||||
406 | .. Magnesium base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent magnesium. | |
407 | .. Refractory metal base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent by weight of a single metal selected from titanium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, or tungsten. | |
408 | .. Cobalt base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of cobalt by weight. | |
409 | .. Nickel base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of nickel by weight. | |
410 | ... Chromium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Stock material which additionally contains chromium. | |
411 | .. Copper base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of copper by weight. | |
412 | ... Tin containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Stock material which additionally contains tin. | |
413 | ... Zinc containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Stock material which additionally contains zinc. | |
414 | ... Nickel containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Stock material which additionally contains nickel. | |
415 | .. Aluminum base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of aluminum. | |
416 | ... Copper containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Stock material which additionally contains copper. | |
417 | .... Magnesium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Stock material which additionally contains magnesium. | |
418 | ..... Vanadium, niobium or tantalum containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Stock material which additionally contains at least one of the metals vanadium, niobium, or tantalum. | |
419 | .. Containing over 50 percent metal, but no base metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of total metal by weight, but wherein no single metal is present in an amount over 50 percent by weight. | |
420 | . Magnesium base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of magnesium. | |
421 | . Titanium, zirconium or hafnium base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of titanium, over 50 percent, zirconium or over 50 percent hafnium by weight. | |
422 | . Vanadium, niobium or tantalum base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent vanadium, over 50 percent niobium, or over 50 percent tantalum by weight. | |
423 | . Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of chromium, over 50 percent of molybdenum, or over 50 percent of tungsten by weight. | |
424 | . Manganese base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of manganese by weight. | |
425 | . Cobalt base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of cobalt by weight. | |
426 | . Nickel base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of nickel by weight. | |
427 | .. Chromium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Stock material which additionally contains chromium. | |
428 | ... Aluminum containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Stock material which additionally contains aluminum. | |
429 | .. Aluminum containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Stock material which additionally contains aluminum. | |
430 | . Noble metal base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent by weight of a single metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, paladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, or silver. | |
431 | .. Silver base containing in situ formed oxides: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of silver
by weight and additionally contains metal oxides formed in the silver
containing the material by chemical reaction.
| |||
432 | . Copper base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of copper by weight. | |
433 | .. Tin containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Stock material which additionally contains tin. | |
434 | .. Zinc: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Stock material which additionally contains zinc. | |
435 | .. Nickel containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Stock material which additionally contains nickel. | |
436 | .. Aluminum containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Stock material which additionally contains aluminum. | |
437 | . Aluminum base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of aluminum by weight. | |
438 | .. Copper containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Stock material which additionally contains copper. | |
439 | ... Magnesium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Stock material which additionally contains magnesium. | |
440 | .. Magnesium containing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Stock material which additionally contains magnesium. | |
441 | . Zinc base: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of zinc by weight. | |
442 | . Containing over 50 percent metal, but no base metal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Stock material which contains over 50 percent of total metal by weight, but wherein no single metal is present in an amount of over 50 percent by weight. | |
900 | Ion implanted: |
Art collection pertaining to subclasses 400+ wherein
the metal is treated by being bombarded by high velocity ions to
drive them into the surface of the metal stock.
| |||
901 | Surface depleted in an alloy component (e.g., decarburized): |
Art collection pertaining to subclasses 400+ wherein the surface of the metallic stock has been intentionally depleted in an alloy component, e.g., decarburized. | |
902 | Having portions of different metallurgical properties or characteristics: |
Art collection pertaining to subclasses 400+ wherein
different parts of the metal stock have different metallurgical
characteristics, usually as the result of differing Class 148 treatments.
| |||
903 | . Directly treated with high energy electromagnetic waves or particles (e.g., laser, electron beam): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection for stock material which has been treated with high energy electromagnetic waves or particles. This usually causes the surface of the stock to be suddenly heated, the mass of the stock then quickly cools the surface giving the effect of a quench resulting in a hardened surface. | |
904 | . Crankshaft: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is a crankshaft. | |
905 | . Cutting tool: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is a cutting tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
906 | . Roller bearing element: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is a roller bearing element e.g., race, ball, roller, etc. | |
907 | . Threaded or headed fastener: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is a threaded or headed fastener, e.g., bolt, nut, nail etc. | |
908 | . Spring: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is a spring, e.g., coil, leaf, etc. | |
909 | . Tube: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection wherein the stock material is tubular.
| |||
910 | . In pattern discontinuous in two dimensions (e.g., checkerboard pattern): |
Stock material which the portions of differing metallurgical properties vary in two different directions, e.g., checkerboard pattern. | |
FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG2 | AMPHOTERIC DOPING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG3 | ANNEAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG4 | ANNEALING, INCOHERENT LIGHT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG5 | ANTIMONIDES OF GALLIUM OR INDIUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG6 | APPARATUS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG7 | AUTODOPING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG8 | BI-LEVEL FABRICATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG9 | BI-MOS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG10 | BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS-ION IMPLANTATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG11 | BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG12 | BONDING E.G., ELECTROSTATIC FOR STRAIN GAUGES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG13 | BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG14 | CAPACITOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG15 | CAPPING LAYER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG16 | CATALYST |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG17 | CLEAN SURFACES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG18 | COMPENSATION DOPING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG19 | CONTACTS OF SILICIDES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG20 | CONTACTS, SPECIAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG21 | CONTINUOUS PROCESS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG22 | CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG23 | DEEP LEVEL DOPANTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG24 | DEFECT CONTROL-GETTERING AND ANNEALING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG25 | DEPOSITION MULTI-STEP |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG26 | DEPOSITION THRU HOLE IN MASK |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG27 | DICHLOROSILANE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG28 | DICING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG29 | DIFFERENTIAL CRYSTAL GROWTH RATES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG30 | DIFFUSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG31 | DIFFUSION AT AN EDGE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG32 | DIFFUSION LENGTH |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG33 | DIFFUSION OF ALUMINUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG34 | DIFFUSION OF BORON OR SILICON |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG35 | DIFFUSION THRU A LAYER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG36 | DIFFUSION, NONSELECTIVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG37 | DIFFUSION-DEPOSITION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG38 | DIFFUSIONS-STAGED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG39 | DISPLACE P-N JUNCTION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG40 | DOPANTS, SPECIAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG41 | DOPING CONTROL IN CRYSTAL GROWTH |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG42 | DOPING, GRADED, FOR TAPERED ETCHING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG43 | DUAL DIELECTRIC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG44 | EDGE DIFFUSION UNDER MASK |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG45 | ELECTRIC FIELD |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG46 | ELECTRON BEAM TREATMENT OF DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG47 | EMITTER DIP |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG48 | ENERGY BEAM ASSISTED EPI GROWTH |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG49 | EQUIVALENCE AND OPTIONS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG50 | ETCH AND REFILL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG51 | ETCHING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG52 | FACE TO FACE DEPOSITION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG53 | FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS FETS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG54 | FLAT SHEETS-SUBSTRATES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG55 | FUSE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG56 | GALLIUM ARSENIDE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG57 | GAS FLOW CONTROL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG58 | GE GERMANIUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG59 | GERMANIUM ON SILICON OR GE-SI ON III-V |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG60 | GETTERING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG61 | GETTERING-ARMORPHOUS LAYERS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG62 | GOLD DIFFUSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG63 | GP II-IV-VI COMPOUNDS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG64 | GP II-VI COMPOUNDS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG65 | GP III-V (GENERIC) COMPOUNDS-PROCESSING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG66 | GP III-V LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG67 | GRADED ENERGY GAP |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG68 | GRAPHITE MASKING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG69 | GREEN SHEETS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG70 | GUARD RINGS AND CMOS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG71 | HEATING, SELECTIVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG72 | HETEROJUNCTIONS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG73 | HOLLOW BODY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG74 | HORIZONTAL MELT SOLIDIFICATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG75 | IMIDE RESISTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG76 | IMPLANT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG77 | IMPLANTATION OF SILICON ON SAPPHIRE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG78 | IMPURITY REDISTRIBUTION BY OXIDATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG79 | INERT CARRIER GAS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG80 | INFRA-RED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG81 | INSULATORS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG82 | ION IMPLANTATION FETS/COMS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG83 | ION IMPLANTATION, GENERAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG84 | ION IMPLANTATION OF COMPOUND DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG85 | ISOLATED-INTEGRATED |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG86 | ISOLATED ZONES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG87 | I2L INTEGRATED INJECTION LOGIC |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG88 | J-FET (JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR) |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG89 | JOSEPHSON DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG90 | LASER ANNEAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG91 | LASER BEAM PROCESSING OF FETS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG92 | LASER BEAM PROCESSING-DIODES OR TRANSISTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG93 | LASER BEAM TREATMENT IN GENERAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG94 | LASER BEAM TREATMENT OF COMPOUND DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG95 | LASER DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG96 | LATERAL TRANSISTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG97 | LATTICE STRAIN AND DEFECTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG98 | LAYER CONVERSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG99 | LED, MULTICOLOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG100 | LIFT-OFF MASKING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG101 | LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY LPE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG102 | MASK ALIGNMENT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG103 | MASK, DUAL FUNCTION E.G., DIFFUSION AND OXIDATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG104 | MASK, MOVABLE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG105 | MASKS, METAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG106 | MASKS, SPECIAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG107 | MELT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG108 | MELT BACK |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG109 | MEMORY DEVICES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG110 | METAL-ORGANIC CVD (RUEHRWEIN TYPE) |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG111 | NARROW MASKING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG112 | NITRIDATION, DIRECT, OF SILICON |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG113 | NITRIDES OF BORON OR ALUMINUM OR GALLIUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG114 | NITRIDES OF SILICON |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG115 | ORIENTATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG116 | OXIDATION, DIFFERENTIAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG117 | OXIDATION, SELECTIVE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG118 | OXIDE FILMS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG119 | PHOSPHIDES OF GALLIUM OR INDIUM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG120 | PHOTOCATHODES-CS COATED AND SOLAR CELL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG121 | PLASTIC TEMPERATURE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG122 | POLYCRYSTALLINE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG123 | POLYCRYSTALLINE DIFFUSE ANNEAL |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG124 | POLYCRYSTALLINE EMITTER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG125 | POLYCRYSTALLINE PASSIVATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG126 | POWER FETS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG127 | PROCESS INDUCED DEFECTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG128 | PROTON BOMBARDMENT OF SILICON |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG129 | PULSE DOPING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG130 | PURIFICATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG131 | REACTIVE ION ETCHING RIE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG132 | RECOIL IMPLANTATION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG133 | REFLOW OXIDES AND GLASSES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG134 | REMELT |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG135 | REMOVAL OF SUBSTRATE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG136 | RESISTORS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG137 | RESISTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG138 | ROUGHENED SURFACE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG139 | SCHOTTKY BARRIER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG140 | SCHOTTKY BARRIER CONTACTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG141 | SELF-ALIGNMENT COAT GATE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG142 | SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG143 | SHADOW MASKING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG144 | SHALLOW DIFFUSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG145 | SHAPED JUNCTIONS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG146 | SHEET RESISTANCE (DOPANT PARAMETERS) |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG147 | SILICIDES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG148 | SILICON CARBIDE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG149 | SILICON ON III-V |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG150 | SILICON ON SAPPHIRE SOS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG151 | SIMULTANEOUS DIFFUSION |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG152 | SINGLE CRYSTAL ON AMORPHOUS SUBSTRATE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG153 | SOLAR CELLS-IMPLANTATIONS-LASER BEAM |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG154 | SOLID PHASE EPITAXY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG155 | SOLID SOLUBILITY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG156 | SONOS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG157 | SPECIAL DIFFUSION AND PROFILES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG158 | SPUTTERING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG159 | STRAIN GAUGES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG160 | SUPERLATTICE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG161 | TAPERED EDGES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG162 | TESTING STEPS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG163 | THICK-THIN OXIDES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG164 | THREE DIMENSIONAL PROCESSING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG165 | TRANSMUTATION DOPING |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG166 | TRAVELING SOLVENT METHOD |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG167 | TWO DIFFUSIONS IN ONE HOLE |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG168 | V-GROOVES |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG169 | VACUUM DEPOSITION (INCLUDES MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG170 | VAPOR-LIQUID-SOLID |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG171 | VARISTOR |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG172 | VIDICONS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG173 | WASHED EMITTER |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG174 | ZENER DIODES |
This subclass has no definition. | |