CLASS 127, SUGAR, STARCH, AND CARBOHYDRATES |
APPARATUS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
1 | . Hydrolyzing: |
This subclass is indented under apparatus. Apparatus particluarly designed for the treatment of carbohydrates
with chemical reagents to effect hydrolysis of sugar.
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2 | . Treating sacchariferous material: |
This subclass is indented under apparatus. Miscellaneous apparatus for treating sacchariferous material falling, but not within any of the subclasses indented hereunder. | |
3 | .. Leaching or diffusion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation of sugar
from solid material by lixiviation, leaching, or diffusion.
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4 | ... Combined disintegrator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Having means for disintegrating the sacchariferous material. | |
5 | ... Advancing solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Means is provided for positively moving the solid material with respect to the container for the leaching liquid. | |
6 | .... Multiple stage: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. The apparatus through which the solid material progresses comprises a plurality of containers connected in series for the leaching liquid. | |
7 | .... Tubular cell: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. The apparatus through which the sacchariferous solid material progresses is tubular. | |
8 | ... Diffusion batteries: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. The apparatus comprises a system or plurality of cells adapted
to receive the material to be leached and connected for circulation
of the liquid from cell to cell. No means is provided for moving
the solid material with respect to the containers for the leaching
liquid.
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9 | .. Treating sacchariferous solutions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Means particularly designed for the treatment of sugar-bearing
solutions for purification or concentration or for separation of
the sugar in solid form.
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10 | ... Dialyzers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus peculiarly adapted for the separation of impurities from sugar solutions by differential diffusion comprising a permeable membrane or partition forming a common wall to two chambers. | |
11 | ... Defecating apparatus: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus peculiarly designed for the precipitation or separation of solid impurities from sugar solutions. | |
12 | .... Gas and liquid contact: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Apparatus in which the precipitation or separation of impurities
from sugar solutions is caused or furthered by the introduction
of gas.
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13 | .... Separating tanks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Vessels particularly designed for permitting or promoting
the separation or precipitation of solid impurities from sugar solutions.
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14 | .... Mixing tanks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Vessels especially adapted for mixing sacchariferous solutions
with other liquids or with solids (as chemicals).
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15 | .. Forming crystals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus peculiarly adapted for controlling or assisting
the formation of crystals from a solution of sugar.
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16 | ... Concentrating and crystallizing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Evaporating apparatus peculiarly designed to effect or control
the evaporation to crystallization of sugar solutions.
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17 | .. Treating crystals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus peculiarly designed for the treatment of sugar crystals. | |
18 | ... Purging and molding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus comprising a mold provided with means to effect
the removal of adhering liquid.
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19 | .... Centrifugal: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. The molds are mounted on a centrifugal apparatus and provided
with outlets to permit the discharge by centrifugal force of the
purging liquor or of the liquor adhering to the crystals.
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20 | ... Purging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus peculiarly designed to free sugar crystals of
impurities by draining or washing without destroying the crystals.
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21 | ... Granulating and mixing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus comprising a mixing device and peculiarly designed
to dry or size the sugar grains after they are formed.
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22 | ... Melting or dissolving: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus peculiarly adapted to liquefying crystalline sugars
whether by heating or dissolving.
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23 | . Treating amylaceous material: |
This subclass is indented under apparatus. Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation or purification of starch or the treatment of pure starch. | |
24 | .. Separating and purifying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation of starch
from starch-bearing raw material or for the treatment and purification
of starch-containing substances.
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25 | ... Screens or washers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Apparatus designed particularly for the bolting or washing of starch-bearing material to separate impurities, as the hulls and chaff of the grain, from the starch or starch liquor. | |
26 | ... Tables: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Apparatus comprising an inclined plane or a run adapted
to receive the starch deposited thereon from the starch liquor as
it flows there-over.
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27 | ... Decanters or settling tanks: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Vessels particularly designed for permitting or promoting
the separation by gravity of starch from liquid or solid impurities.
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28 | .. Cookers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus peculiarly designed to cook or cook and prepare
starch.
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This subclass has no definition. | |
29 | . Miscellaneous: |
This subclass is indented under products. Sugars, starches, dextrines, and miscellaneous carbohydrates,
not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder, together
with processes peculiarly directed to their production.
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30 | . Sugars only: |
This subclass is indented under products. Pure sugar products and processes peculiar to their manufacture. Includes mixtures of pure sugars. | |
31 | .. Lactose: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Milk sugar and processes peculiar to its manufacture. | |
32 | . Modified starches: |
This subclass is indented under products. Starches which have been chemically modified or incipiently
hydrolyzed either by the action of added reagents or by cooking
or special heat treatments, but which still give a blue or violet reaction
with iodine, and processes of making them.
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33 | .. Added chemical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Starches which have been chemically modified or hydrolyzed
by the action of added reagents, but which give a blue or violet
reacton with iodine and processes of making them.
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This subclass has no definition. | |
34 | . Carbohydrate manufacture and refining: |
This subclass is indented under processes. Processes peculiar to the extraction, purification, and
treatment of carbohydrates.
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36 | .. Hydrolysis of carbohydrates: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Designed to include processes broadly for the hydrolysis
of carbohydrates by nonbiochemical methods where the process either
stops with such hydrolysis or is combined with steps of purification
concentration, or crystallization of the sugar or sugar solution
thereby produced.
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37 | ... Cellulose material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Processes directed toward the manufacture of sugar products
from cellulose or cellulose-containing substances by hydrolysis
of the cellulose.
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38 | ... Amylaceous material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Processes directed toward the manufacture of conversion
products from starch or starch-bearing substances by hydrolysis
of the starch.
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39 | .... With preliminary purification of starch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. The starch is separated from the other constituents of the
amylaceous material before hydrolysis. The resulting sugar may be
purified.
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40 | .... With purification of product: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. The amylaceous material is treated for hydrolysis without
purification or separation of the starch, and the resulting sacchariferous
product is purified.
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41 | ... Inversion of sucrose: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Processes directed toward the manufacture of invert sugar by the inversion or hydrolysis of sucrose. | |
42 | .. Sugar manufacture and refining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Processes peculiar to the treatment of sacchariferous material
and to the extraction, purification, and crystallization of sugar.
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43 | ... Extracting from solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes peculiar to the separation or lixiviation of sugar
from solid material, as plants.
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44 | .... Chemical treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. A chemical reagent is present during the separation or lixiviation. | |
45 | .... Counterflow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. The solid material under treatment and the leaching or lixiviating liquid are moved in opposite directions. | |
46.1 | ... Treatment of sacchariferous solutions: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes for treating sugar solutions for purification
or crystallization.
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46.2 | .... Involving ion manipulation, e.g., ion exchange, etc.: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes involving use of ion exchange material or other ion manipulation material to treat the solution. | |
46.3 | ..... For ion exclusion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.2. Processes wherein the material functions to hold back the sugars and passes ionic species. | |
47 | .... Chemical precipitation of sucrose: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. The sucrose is precipitated from the solution in chemical combination, e.g., saccharate. | |
48 | .... Chemical precipitation of impurities: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes peculiar to the precipitation of impurities from solutions containing sugars. Precipitation may be effected by heat or by added reagents provided a rearrangement of molecules is effected. | |
49 | ..... Impregnated absorbent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. The precipitation of the impurities is effected by the addition of an absorbent for impurities, the absorbent being impregnated with the precipitating reagent. | |
50 | ..... Alkaline reagent followed by precipitant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. The impurities are precipitated by the addition of a reagent to a solution previously treated with an alkali or with a reagent having an alkaline reaction. | |
51 | ..... Acid reagent followed by precipitant: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. The precipitation of impurities is effected by the addition of a precipitating reagent to a solution previously treated with an acid or with a reagent having an acid reaction. | |
52 | ..... Gassing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. The precipitation of impurities involves the addition of a reagent in gaseous form. | |
53 | .... Physical separation of impurities: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes directed to the separation of impurities from sugar solutions by mechanical processes. | |
54 | ..... Dialysis: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. The separation of impurities from the sugar solution is
effected by differential diffusion through a permeable membrane
or partition.
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55 | ..... Filtering or sorption: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes for separating impurities from solutions by filtration
or selective sorption, or both, which are peculiar to sugar.
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56 | ..... Centrifuging: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes peculiar to the separation of impurities from
sugar solutions of greater or less specific gravity than the impurities
by centrifugal force.
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57 | ..... Settling or flotation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes peculiar to the separation of impurities from
sugar solutions of greater or less specific gravity than the impurities
by the action of gravity.
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58 | .... Crystallizing or solidifying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes peculiar to the treatment of sugar solutions to
effect crystallization or solidification of the contained sugars.
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59 | ..... Molding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes directed to the crystallization of sugar in molds. | |
60 | ..... Seeding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Sugar crystallizing processes in which the crystallization is promoted or controlled by the addition to the solution under treatment of crystals from another solution. | |
61 | ..... Evaporating to crystallization: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes in which the crystallization of the sugar is effected or promoted by the concentration of the sugar in solution by evaporation. | |
62 | ...... Return of intermediate products: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Processes directed to the systematic treatment of sugar solutions to effect crystallization by evaporation in which a product separated at an intermediate stage of the process is returned into the process at either an earlier or a later stage. | |
63 | ... Treating solid sugar or crystals: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes peculiar to the treatment of crystallized sugar.
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64 | .... Purging or bleaching: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes peculiar to the freeing of sugar crystals of impurities
or adhering liquid or to the bleaching of sugar crystals.
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65 | .. Starch manufacture and refining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Processes peculiar to the treatment of amylaceous material
and to the extraction, purification, and preparation of starch.
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66 | ... Tubers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes peculiar to the extraction of starch from plant roots or tubers. | |
67 | ... Treatment of starch-bearing material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes peculiar to the treatment of material having starch
as one of its constituents and designed to effect or to expedite
the extraction of the starch. The material treated may be the plant
itself or grain or may be an intermediate.
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68 | .... Steeping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes involving the cooking or softening of grain or
amylaceous plant material by liquid or steam treatment. The liquid
may or may not contain an added chemical.
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69 | .... Treatment of amylaceous liquids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Processes peculiar to the treatment of liquids containing starch or starchy matter for the recovery or purification of the starch. | |
70 | ..... Chemical: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. The treatment of the starch containing liquid involves the
addition of a chemical or involves some chemical action.
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71 | ... Treating starch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes peculiar to the treatment of starch which fall
short of chemical modification.
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FOR000 | CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS |
This subclass has no definition. | |
DIG1 | CARAMEL |
This subclass has no definition. | |