*****TBD*****

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the applying of a coating or impregnating material to the product by application to the strand material at any time (i.e., before, during and/or after) relative to the mechanical interrelation of the strands; and the resulting products.

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5,	through 7 for the incorporation of materials other than coating or impregnating materials, particularly subclass 6 where the tubular fabric is formed about a soft core into which it may become embedded.
23,	for apparatus involving means for coating or impregnating.

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156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses 51 and 148 for combinations of braiding and laminating.
427,	Coating Processes, pertinent subclasses as determined by schedule review for processes of coating, per se, not combined with a textile operation.
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, pertinent subclasses as determined by schedule review for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet when the strand interrelation for this class (87) is not recited. See also main class definition of Class 428, Section II- Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Interengaged Fibers and Strands," for a further statement of the line.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for making the fabric is extensible either longitudinally, transversely or both due to the presence therein of extensible elements; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. Fabrics that are merely resilient under compression are not here included.

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57,	Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclasses 216 , 220, 222 and 362, for strands other than wire used to form the core.
139,	Textiles: Weaving, subclasses 421 through 423for elastic fabric texture elements.

3	. Intertwisted strands:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving twisting strands together and/or intertwisting strands at different points of junction; and the resulting products.

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10,	for processes of braiding in which arresting carrier motion or other braiding operations cause a strand to pass one or more times about another strand; and the resulting products.
24,	through 27 for corresponding braiding apparatus.

4	.. Twist or bobbinet lace:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Processes wherein the meshes of a net or mesh fabric are formed by intertwisting the strands, the individual strands comprising one of the two strand sets never being intertwisted; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. These fabrics are distinguished from braided lace by virtue of the fact that certain threads, known as warp, spool, beam, etc., threads, are not intertwisted but may be tied together or in position at certain points by means of the bobbin threads, with which they are intertwisted.

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27,	for corresponding apparatus and see the definition thereof for a further statement.

5	. With material incorporated in diverse ways:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes claiming steps for incorporating material in the fabric in diverse ways; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. This may be by combining two or more types of fabric provided for in this class, or one fabric of this class with other material incorporated by other characters of operation. The same strands may be interrelated in two or more different ways.

(2) Note. In general the material incorporated is independent of the base fabric and does not partake of the fabric forming operations. Also, it may be material of a different character uniting two or more fabrics made according to the methods of this class.

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1,	for coated or impregnated fabrics.
28,	through 30 for corresponding apparatus.

6	.. Tubular fabric with core:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes in which the fabric is formed about a core, which becomes part of the completed structure; and the resulting products.

7	.. Braided with unbraided material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes in which braided material and unbraided material are incorporated in a fabric; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. The unbraided material is usually held in or to the fabric by the braided strands.

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6,	for unbraided material that is the core of a substantially tubular fabric.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the braiding of strands together, i.e., in which one or more strands pass alternately over or under one or more other strands; or in which one or more strands half-twist alternately about two or more adjacent strands; and the resulting products.

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33,	through 51 for corresponding apparatus.

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24,	Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclasses 659 through 661for braids formed into button-hole loops.
245,	Wire Fabrics and Structure, subclasses 7 and 8 for related wire fabrics.
277,	Seal for a Joint or Juncture, pertinent subclasses as determined by schedule review for a generic sealing means or process; subclass 537 for a dynamic, circumferential, contact seal for other than a piston contained or compressed by a gland in a packing box having braided, woven, or twisted material or construction.

	This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes involving forming a tubular, though not necessarily cylindrical fabric; and the resulting products.

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes involving forming a fabric of the well know open work or net construction commonly provided with integral surface patterns or designs, which are formed either by open work differing from the ground fabric, or by portions more dense than the ground fabric.

(1) Note. While these fabrics are inherently variation type, they are here collected on the basis of pattern or design variation, whereas those in subclass 11 are classified on the basis of fabric outline variation.

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3,	through 4 for other fabrics having a strand passing one or more times about another strand where the fabric is formed by other than a braiding operation.

11	.. Variable form:

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes wherein the outline of the fabric (as distinguished from its pattern due to strand spacing, color, etc.) is varied; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. This may be by forming projections, eyes or apertures (other than as defined in subclass 10), furcations, by the addition or subtraction of strands, etc.

12	. Knotted mesh:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving forming a fabric by tying knots at the junction points of the strands; and the resulting products.

(1) Note. The fabric may be of single or plural strand construction.

13	. Miscellaneous:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes and products not specifically provided for above.

	This subclass has no definition.

14	. With pattern mechanism:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a pattern mechanism (such as a jacquard, a pattern sheet, cam mechanism, etc.) is used to control operation of the machine for any purpose, such as to produce a design on or to control the shape of a fabric.

(1) Note. For other pattern mechanisms, see the Index to the U.S. Patent Classification System, the title "Pattern and Pattern Control".

15	.. With electric or fluid operated means:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus utilizing electrical or fluid operated means.

16	.. For braiding apparatus with movable switch for carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus in which the travel of the braiding carriers is governed by movable switches under the control of the pattern means.

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37,	through 38 for such machines without pattern mechanism.

17	.. For braiding apparatus of arrestable carrier type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Apparatus in which certain braiding carriers may be stopped in their travel, in predetermined sequence, and then permitted to resume travel, such stopping and resumption of travel being under the control of the pattern mechanism.

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39	through 40 for such machines without pattern mechanisms.

18	. With stopping or starting:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means, either automatically or manually controlled, for either or both stopping or starting the entire apparatus.

(1) Note. Apparatus wherein the operation is initiated by means which sense a condition of a strand, such as absence of abnormal tension are here classified.

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192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclasses 116.5 through 150, particularly subclasses 125+ for stop mechanism not restricted to apparatus for this class (87).
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 43 for devices that stop movement of material advances upon sensing position of material.

19	.. Electrical:

This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Apparatus wherein the strand condition detecting means operate through electrical means to cause the stopping.

(1) Note. The strand condition detector may be an element of a switch or may operate through other elements to effect operation of an electrical means.

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192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 127 for material controlled electrically operated power stop devices.

20	. With automatic control:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means that will sense a condition or change of condition; and will then effect the operation of some other device or portion thereof.

(1) Note. An example is where the operation of the machine or a portion thereof is governed by strand or fabric tension.

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14,	through 17 for pattern mechanism control.
18,	through 19 for automatic control of starting or stopping.

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226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 10 for devices that sense and control accordingly the movement of material of indeterminate-length.

This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus wherein the automatic control governs the paying out of the supply on strand carriers by releasing the carrier for free rotation.

(1) Note. The devices in this subclass are those wherein brakes and analogous devices are regulated for the most part by strand tension.

22	... Ratchet type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus wherein the carrier is provided with a ratchet or ratchet-like device that prevents unwinding of the supply except under the operation by the automatic control (usually by tension of the strand itself).

(1) Note. Discs or drums with pins or holes and holding means coacting therewith are considered ratchet-like devices.

23	. With coating or impregnating:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for applying a coating or an impregnating material to the strands and/or to the fabric at any time relative to the production of the fabric.

(1) Note. The coating or impregnating material may be a non-plastic plasticizeable material which, at some stage of manufacture, or subsequently, is rendered plastic.

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1,	for corresponding processes and products.

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118,	Coating Apparatus, pertinent subclasses as determined by schedule review for coating apparatus, per se.

24	. Intertwisted strand type:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for producing fabric structure by twisting together strands and/or intertwisting strands at junction points, to form mesh, net or lace type of fabric.

(1) Note. These devices for the most part produce polygonal mesh fence fabrics.

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3,	through 4 for corresponding processes and products.

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Apparatus which may be moved from place to place or which may move along the floor or ground during fabric production.

(1) Note. These devices for the most part are designed to produce wire fences in situ.

26	... With diverse material incorporating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus including means to incorporate in the product some material (of strand or other form) in addition to the strands that are intertwisted to form the fabric.

(1) Note. The intertwisted strand fabric would be complete without the additional strands.

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28,	through 30 for other such combinations.
33,	through 51 for braiding machines capable of causing a strand to pass one or more times about another strand by a braiding operation, particularly subclasses 37 through 40.

27	.. Twist or bobbinet lace:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for producing fabrics such as tulle, curtain lace, etc.

(1) Note. These machines are of the general type of Levers or go-through lace-machines. A plurality of thin shuttles or "carriages" containing shuttles and/or bobbins passed transversely across a plurality of longitudinal threads including warp, spool, beams, etc. threads. By a lateral shogging of either the carriages or the warp threads, one or more carriage spaces between successive carriage passages, the bobbin threads twist about the warp threads and ties them together or in place at predetermined points to form the lace pattern. There is no intertwisting of the longitudinal warp, etc. threads.

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4,	for corresponding processes and products.

28	. With diverse material incorporating:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to incorporate in the product some material (of strand or other form) which does not partake of the movements of interrelating of the strands forming the fabric.

(1) Note. In general, the fabric basically produced is complete without the incorporated material.

(2) Note. Incorporating independent selvage strand in a fabric is classified here.

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1,	and subclasses 5 through 7 for corresponding processes and products.
23,	and 26, for other apparatus combinations.

29	.. Tubular fabric with core:

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Apparatus for forming a substantially tubular fabric about a core which becomes a part of the complete fabric.

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6,	for corresponding processes and products.
34,	for devices which form a fabric about a mandrel.

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139,	Textiles: Weaving, subclasses 457 through 16, for circular progressive shedding weaving machines.

30	.. Braided with unbraided material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Apparatus which include means for introducing strands or other material into a braided fabric, which strands or other material do not partake of the movements which effect the braiding of the fabric.

(1) Note. These strands may be "warps", fillers, stuffers, independent selvage strands, etc.

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7,	for corresponding processes and products.

31	. With take up:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for forwarding the completed fabric through the machine and/or for winding it up.

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242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 520 through 548.4for convolute winding in general.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus claiming characteristics in addition to the features necessary to the feeding of the strand material, the interrelation thereof and the appropriate mechanism for operating the machine; and not provided for in the preceding subclasses.

(1) Note. For example, here are collected, as originals and cross references, combinations with gauges, signals or indicators, cutters, lubricators, dust shields, oil shields, etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for forming strands or fabrics by the operations commonly known as "braiding" or "plaiting".

(1) Note. Bobbins, or carriers having bobbins thereon, are caused to travel in predetermined paths and they either pass each other so as to interlace strands, or strands leading from certain bobbins are caused to pass other bobbins to cause interlacing of the strands.

(2) Note. The May-pole dance is a well known example of the basic operation of braiding. Some simple braiding mechanisms are known as May-pole braiders.

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139,	Textiles: Weaving, subclass 457 through 16and indented subclasses for circular progressive shedding weaving machines.

34	.. With mandrel or form:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus having fixed or moving guiding devices over which a braid, or some portion thereof, is formed and from which it is subsequently removed.

(1) Note. These devices merely maintain the form of the braid during the braiding operation

(2) Note. Such part may be so formed as to effect an additional shaping function.

35	.. With die or shaper:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus which condense and compact the fabric and/or give it a permanent set or form, during production.

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29,	for forming tubular or tube-like braids about a core.
34,	for forming about a subsequently removed mandrel that drapes the same.

36	.. With beater or strand layer:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus having means for pushing or laying the interrelated strands properly into the fabric.

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24,	through 27 and 53 for combinations of beat-up means with intertwisted strand type and knotted mesh-type machines.

37	.. With movable switch for carrier:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus including movable controllers mounted adjacent the path of traveling carriers for directing the carriers in diverse predetermined paths.

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16,	for pattern control of such apparatus.

38	... Carrier actuated:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Apparatus in which the switches are moved by one carrier to direct a following carrier or an oppositely moving carrier in its proper path.

39	.. Arrestable carrier type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus having means for withdrawing certain carriers from their normal paths and holding them out of operation, or for stopping certain carriers during the operation of other carriers.

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17,	for pattern control of such apparatus.

40	... With clutch:

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus in which each carrier operating or propelling device is provided with an individual clutch device to couple it to the driving mechanism of the braiding machine.

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17,	for pattern control of such apparatus.

41	.. With braid variation:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Braiding apparatus in which (1) means are provided for braiding a fabric having other than uniform characteristics (as by having different appearance braid in different areas, having specially-formed apertures, having branches, etc.) or (2) having means to change the braiding operation to produce braids of different appearance even though the disclosure is that any single produced fabric is to be of uniform appearance.

(1) Note. See appropriate preceding subclasses for particular combinations or types of apparatus within this definition.

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14	through 17 for pattern control combinations.
37,	through 38 for machines having switches.
39	through 40 for apparatus having arrestable carriers.

42	.. Interlocking twist type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which all carriers travel in the same directions about an axis and in which (1) each carrier is additionally moved in such a path as to travel alternately about two adjacent carriers; or (2) strands leading from certain carriers are passed alternately about certain other carriers adjacent to the path of movement of such strands.

(1) Note. The carrier travels about the axis of the fabric twists all strands about such axis.

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33,	for braiding apparatus producing interlocked strand type fabrics without the twist.

43	.. With reciprocating carrier:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which certain carriers travel in predetermined reciprocatory paths across the path of travel of carriers travelling in orbital paths.

44	.. Concentric circular orbit type:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which the carriers are divided into two or more sets or groups all traveling in concentric circular orbits and in which strands from one set are guided in and out about the carriers of another set, means being provided to permit free passage of such strands during travel of the carriers.

45	... Rack and gear carrier propellers:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus in which the carriers of one set are provided with interrupted rack and gear driving means to permit passage of threads from another set about such carriers.

46	... Intermittently retractible carrier propellers:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus in which the carrier driving means of one set of carriers is provided with two or more "pushers" alternately engaging a carrier to propel it and to permit passage of strands about the carrier.

47	.... Rotating:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Apparatus in which the "pushers" rotate to engage the carriers.

48	... Strand deflecting devices:

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus claiming the means for deflecting the strands leading from one set of carriers in and out past a second set of carriers.

(1) Note. The organized machine should not be claimed. Where any features of organization or structure not common to all machines of this type are claimed, the patent is placed in the appropriate preceding subclass; i.e., this subclass takes those means providing for strand deflection, per se, or in combination with a broad statement of general known types of machine organization.

(2) Note. Since strand deflection is a necessary feature of all machines of this type, search on this subcombination must be completed in subclass 44 and the other indented subclasses.

49	.. With strand anti-twist means:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus including means to prevent twisting or to cause untwisting of a strand leading from a carrier as it is laid into the fabric (so that, for example, a flat strand may be laid always with the same side out).

50	.. Carrier propelling and/or guiding means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus including the means for causing braiding carriers to travel in predetermined intersecting paths.

(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, raceways, horn gears, fixed guides and other means for causing such travel, not elsewhere provided for.

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16,	and 37 through 38 for this subject matter combined with switches.
42,	for carrier guiding and propelling for interlocking twist type.
44	through 47 for circular orbit type.

51	... Without race plate:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in which no raceplate or similar fixed guiding means is provided and the carriers are clutched or clamped to the propelling devices during travel between points of transfer from one propelling device to another.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which means are provided for forming the lace-like fabric of knotted or looped form commonly known as tatting.

(1) Note. This subclass includes manual means enabling or assisting the operator to form the loops, through which the tatting shuttle is passed, in hand tatting.

53	. Knotted mesh fabric:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which net or mesh fabrics are produced by tying knots in strands at their points of juncture.

(1) Note. This subclass is distinguished from subclass 52 in that those devices are for making a lace-like fabric of predetermined design while these are for making regular mesh net-like fabrics, such as, for example, seines.

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289,	Knots and Knot Tying, pertinent subclasses as determined by schedule review for knot tyers, per se.

54	. Shuttles, carriages and/or threading and loading or unloading devices:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for carrying bobbins or spools of strand material movably in the formation of fabrics.

(1) Note. Devices for applying bobbins to carriers or shuttles, and for removing them therefrom, as well as devices for placing strands through shuttle eyes or guides, are in this subclass (54).

55	.. Braiding carriers:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus for carrying bobbins or spools used on braiding machines.

56	... With strand tensioning means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Apparatus provided with means to apply tension to strands leading from the carrier.

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61,	for miscellaneous tension devices.

57	.... Let offs:

This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus in which the tension is imposed by means retarding or opposing the rotations of the spool or bobbin mounted on the carrier.

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21,	through 22 for let-offs operated or controlled in their operation by changing tension in the strands.

58	.. Tatting type:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus designed for use in forming tatting, usually manually operated, and often provided with hooks and the like to assist the operator in making loops.

59	... With rewinding means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Apparatus having means to wind strand material on the bobbin without removing the same from the shuttle.

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242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 472 for a device for winding strand onto a hand tool, such as a shuttle.

60	.. Seine needles:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus consisting of manual implements usually provided with means to hold a supply of strand material and used in forming seines and other knotted fabrics.

61	. Strand tensioners:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous strand tensioning devices for apparatus coming.

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56	through 57 for braiding carriers with strand tensioning means.

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66,	Textiles: Knitting, subclass 146 for strand tensioners combined with knitting machines.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 195 for devices for placing tension on material of indeterminate-length.
242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 410 through 423.2for tension running material.