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CLASS 71, CHEMISTRY: FERTILIZERS

1	PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. All processes and products which are not provided for in the following subclasses.

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422,	Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclasses for fertilizer producing apparatus not specifically provided for in other classes.

5	. For mushrooms:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Products of special value in the cultivation of fungi, such as mushrooms, and processes of making them.

(1) Note. If the claims include the mycellium or spawn, the patent is classified in Class 47, Plant Husbandry, and cross-referenced here.

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435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, particularly subclasses 254.1 through 256.8for subject matter directed to a composition having utility as a fungal culture medium (i.e., media for maintenance, growth, production, etc.) or a technique for preparing or using the same.

6	. Bacterial:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. This subclass and those indented hereunder include fertilizer products and the methods of making them, which involve the use and action of enzymes or bacteria.

7	.. Nitrogen fixing or nitrifying:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Methods and compositions where nitrogen fixing or nitrifying bacteria is utilized.

8	.. Fermentation:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes directed to autogenous fermentation or decomposition and the products of such processes.

9	... Aerobic:

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes and compositions where the fermentation is aerobic.

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210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 601+ , especially 604, 605, 615+, and 620+ for aerobic treatment of sewage.

10	... Anaerobic:

This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Processes and compositions where the fermentation is anaerobic.

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210,	Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 601+ especially 605 and 630 for anaerobic treatment of sewage.

11	. Organic material-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Methods of making organic containing fertilizers and corresponding products. In this subclass inorganic values may or may not be included.

12	.. From sewage or night soil:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes of preparing fertilizer from sewage or night soil, and the corresponding products.

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13,	if other organic fertilizer materials are included.

13	... With other organic material:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Patents in which other organic substances of fertilizer value are included. If such added organic values are hereinbelow listed, they are cross-referenced below.

14	.. From garbage:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes of preparing fertilizer from garbage and corresponding products. If other organic values, such as those listed below, are present, they are cross-referenced below.

15	.. From animal matter:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes for preparing fertilizer and corresponding products, not hereinabove classified, which include animal matter not listed among any of the indented types below or which include a plurality of the said indented types.

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22,	if including organic fertilizer other than animal matter.

16	... Marine animals:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Inventions in which the marine animal matter is the only type of animal matter present; other organic fertilizer values, except other animal derivatives, such as are classified below, may also be included.

17	... Blood:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Animal matter from blood is the only type of animal matter present; other organic fertilizer values, except other animal derivatives such as are classified below may also be included.

18	... Horn, hair, feathers, wool, leather, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. and including animal matter derived from horn, hair, feathers, wool, leather, etc.; other organic fertilizer values except other animal derivatives such as are classified below, may also be included.

19	... Bone:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. and including animal matter derived from bone as the only type of animal matter present.

20	.... With other organic matter:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes and products which include other organic fertilizer values except other animal derivatives such as are classified below.

21	... Guano, stable manure, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. and including guano and animal excretions, generally, as the only types of animal matter present. Other organic fertilizer values, except animal matter such as classified below, may also be present.

22	... With other organic material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes and products which include other organic values such as are classified hereinbelow.

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13,

20.

23	.. From vegetation:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes and products, of preparing fertilizers from vegetable material; other organic values such as classified hereinbelow may also be present.

24	... Peat, humus material, coal, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Processes and products which include humus material, peat, lignite, coal and carbon. Other organic fertilizer values classifiable below may also be present.

25	.. From industrial wastes:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes and products which include industrial wastes. Industrial wastes, within the meaning of this subclass, include ashes, cinders, paper, flue dust, waste liquors from paper manufacture, tanning liquors, corn steep liquors, gas liquor, etc.; in brief, any substance of organic origin ordinarily considered a waste material resulting from an industrial process and not provided for above. Other organic fertilizer values, such as classified hereinbelow, may also be present.

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42,	43, for gas liquors used in alkaline treatment or neutralization of phosphates.

26	... Sugar or distillery:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes and products in which the industrial waste is from sugar manufacture or distillery wastes. The use of sugar is also included. Other organic fertilizer values, such as classified hereinbelow or not otherwise provided for, may also be included.

27	.. From synthetic material:

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes which include preparing synthetic organic fertilizers and the corresponding products.

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204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for electrical or wave energy methods involving chemical reactions which are caused by more than the mere thermal effects of the electrical or wave energy for synthetic preparation of compounds or elements useful for fertilizer compositions.
205,	Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 334+ for electrolytic synthesis of compounds or elements useful for fertilizer compositions.

28	... Urea and its derivatives:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Processes in which the organic fertilizer contains urea or one of its derivatives, and corresponding products.

29	.... With phosphorus-containing substances:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes and products which include inorganic P containing substances, such as phosphates.

30	.... With nitrogen-containing substances:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Processes or products which include inorganic N containing substances, other than NH4, such as nitrates. Thus, fertilizers containing urea admixed with a nitrate and urea nitrate both belong in this subclass.

31	. Inorganic material:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Methods of making fertilizer containing only inorganic materials and the corresponding products, when not provided for in any of the indented subclasses.

32	.. Phosphorus-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Methods and products in which the fertilizer contains P.

33	... Phosphates:

This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Methods directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing phosphates.

(1) Note. Subclasses 33-47 are primarily process subclasses but include products corresponding thereto when such are claimed along with the processes, in which case the products are cross-referenced to subclass 48 and indented subclasses.

34	.... Alkali metal and ammonium only:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Methods directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing alkali metal or ammonium phosphates as the only phosphates present.

35	..... Nitrogen-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Processes, which also include inorganic N containing values, other than NH4.

36	..... Alkali metal- and ammonium-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Processes, which include an added inorganic alkali metal or ammonium compound.

37	.... Acid treatment:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Methods of preparing phosphatic fertilizers where the starting materials are treated with an acid or a mixture of acids.

(1) Note. Methods employing mixtures of acids which are separately provided for hereunder are included in this subclass, e.g., a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids.

38	..... Gaseous:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes wherein the acid is supplied in the gaseous state.

39	..... Nitric and hydrochloric:

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes wherein the acid supplied is HNO3 or HCl mixed in the liquid state.

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37,	for HNO3 or HCl mixed with another acid.

40	..... Sulfuric acid:

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes wherein the acid used in H2SO4.

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37,	for H2SO4 mixed with another acid.
38,	for treatment with sulphuric acid anhydride.

41	..... Acids of phosphorus:

This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes wherein the acid used is an acid of phosphorus.

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37,	for an acid of phosphorus mixed with another acid, see this class.

42	.... Alkaline treatment:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Methods of preparing phosphate containing fertilizers wherein the starting materials are treated with a distinctly alkaline substance such as the alkali metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates or the alkaline earth metal oxides or hydroxides.

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43,	for mere neutralization of an acid fertilizer.
44+,	for distinctively high temperature treatment.

43	.... Neutralization:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Methods directed to the neutralization of an acidic or basic material by treatment with a reagent which will accomplish the neutralization.

44	.... Heat-treatment:

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Methods of preparing phosphate containing fertilizers wherein the raw materials are subjected to a heat treatment, usually a high temperature heat treatment which is the essential or dominating feature of the process. Thus, the heat treatment of phosphate rock alone or in the presence of an inorganic substance at white, red or fusion heat temperatures, belongs here, irrespective of whether or not the substance is distinctly alkaline.

45	..... Alkali metal and silicon values:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Processes wherein both alkali metal and silicon values are present at some stage of the process; other inorganic compounds may also be present. The preponderance of patents in this subclass apply the heat treatment in the presence of the alkali metal and silicon values.

46	..... Alkali metal values:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Processes wherein Si values are not present.

47	..... Carbonates, oxides, sulfates, silicon, and halides:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Processes wherein carbonates, oxides, sulphates, halides or silicon values, one or more, are present at some stage of the process. As in the preceding heat treatment subclasses, the added values are ordinarily present during the heat treatment.

48	.... Products:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 33. This subclass includes all patents directed to a phosphate containing fertilizer.

49	..... Nitrogen-containing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Products which contain also inorganic N values, other than or in addition to NH4.

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51,	for products wherein the only inorganic N value is NH4.

50	...... Nitrates:

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Products which contain also inorganic nitrates.

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33,	37-47, for processes.

51	..... Alkali metal- and ammonium-containing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Products which contain also inorganic alkali metal or ammonium compounds.

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45,

46.

52	..... Silicon-containing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Products which contain also inorganic silicon values.

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45,

47.

53	..... Containing carbonates, oxides, sulfates, or halides:

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Products which contain also inorganic carbonates, oxides, sulphates, or halides, not hereinabove provided for.

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47,

54	.. Nitrogen-containing (except ammonium):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Methods directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing N values other than or in addition to NH4 and products corresponding to these methods.

55	... Cyanamide:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Methods and products in which the N value is a cyanamide or a derivative thereof.

56	.... Nitrogen-containing (except ammonium):

	This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Methods and products which include in addition to cyanamide another inorganic N value (except NH4 values only), such as nitrates.

57	.... Alkali metal or ammonium-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Methods and products which include in addition to cyanamide, inorganic alkali metal or ammonium values.

58	... Nitrates:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes directed to the preparation of an inorganic fertilizer containing nitrates and corresponding products.

59	.... With alkali metal or ammonium compound:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes and products which include, additionally, alkali metal or ammonium values.

60	.... With carbonates, oxides, sulfates, or halides:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes and products which include, additionally, carbonates, oxides, sulphates or halides, one or more.

61	.. Alkali metal or ammonium:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes and products directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing alkali metal or ammonium values.

62	.. Silicon-containing:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes and products directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing Si values; slags not provided for above are herein classified.

63	.. Carbonates, oxides, sulfates, halides, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes and products directed to the preparation of inorganic fertilizers containing carbonates, oxides, sulphates or halides; shells, such as oyster shells, are herein classified.

64.01

. Forms or conditioning:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes not hereinabove provided for, directed to the preparation of fertilizers in commercial forms.

(1) Note. The fertilizer forms, as articles of manufacture, also belong here. Methods directed to the conditioning of fertilizer values, such as obviating hygroscopicity, granulating, or rendering a fertilizer friable (as by quenching) are also classified herein.

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47,	Plant Husbandry, for structures formed of or containing fertilizers, such as flower pots, stakes and mulching sheets, utilized in plant husbandry, and fertilizing cartridges adapted to be buried in the earth.
264,	Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for processes of comminuting or granulating a liquid or molten substance are classified in subclasses 5+ , even though the granulated substance is claimed as a fertilizer. Processes of granulating a mixture of reagents to give a fertilizer composition are in this class (71), in the subclass determinative of the composition.
206,	Special Receptacle or Package, subclasses 524.1+ for a container with specified material for content or receptacle, particularly subclass 524.5 for a container with caustic content.
516,	Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, for colloid systems or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, especially subclasses 20+ for organic continuous liquid phase, subclasses 38+ for bituminous, coal, or Carbon suspended in aqueous continuous phase, subclasses 77+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid phase; in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

64.02

.. Coating and granulating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter including the steps of covering and making the material finer or vice versa.

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64.03+,	for granulating processes.
64.07,	for coating processes.
64.11,	and 64.12, for coated products.

64.03

.. Granulating:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter for forming the material into granules or grains.

64.04

... By comminuting:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.03. Subject matter wherein the material is broken into small pieces.

64.05

... By agglomerating:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.03. Subject matter wherein the material is collected or gathered into a mass, e.g., formed into increasing larger balls as by rolling, etc.

64.06

... By fluid contact:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.03. Subject matter wherein the material is formed into particles upon being contacted by a gas or liquid.

64.07

.. Coating:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is covered with a material.

64.08

.. Slurry or suspension:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is in the form of a slurry, i.e., a thin watery mixture of a fine insoluble material or a suspension or a condition of a substance whose particles are dispersed through a fluid but not dissolved in it.

64.09

.. Gel:

This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is in the form of a gel, i.e., a jellylike substance formed by coagulation of a colloidal solution into a solid phase.

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516,

Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, subclasses 98+ for continuous or semicontinuous solid phase (gels, pastes), or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

64.1	.. Liquid:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is in the form of a nongaseous fluid.

64.11

.. Controlled release:

This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is released to the environment in which it is placed in a regulated manner.

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64.07,

for the process of coating material of this kind.

64.12

.. Anticaking:

This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter wherein the material is treated to prevent it from clumping, sticking together, etc.

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64.07,

for the process of coating materials of this kind.

64.13

.. Forms having structure, e.g., particle size, dimensions, etc.:

	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.01. Subject matter which has structure (apparatus) or includes particle size, dimensions, etc., of the material.

900	FOAMS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving the material in the form of a foamlike matter.

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516,

Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, subclasses 10+ for discontinuous gas or vapor phase in continuous liquid phase or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

901	REFUSE CONDITIONING:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving the treatment of waste material to enhance its fertilizer value.

902	NITRIFICATION INHIBITION:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving the prevention of the nitrification or denitrification activity of growth media bacteria.

903	SOIL CONDITIONER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving material having values which treat the soil other than providing nutriments for plants.

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405,	Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 263 for chemical earth treatment or control.

904	CARRIER:

	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Art collection involving material which serves as a substrate for the plant nutriments.

FOR000

CLASS-RELATED FOREIGN DOCUMENTS

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG2	CHELATING AGENT

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG3	DEFLUORINATION

	This subclass has no definition.

DIG4	ANTI-CORROSION

	This subclass has no definition.