Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
D25
BUILDING UNITS AND CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> BUILDING UNITS AND CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS
		EXCLUDED FROM THIS CLASS ARE:
		Burial vault; see D99-1+.
		Cloth sheet material; see D5.
		Concrete wall tie; see D8-384.
		Diving board; see D21-802.
		Elevator; see D34-33.
		Escalator; see D34-28.
		Fence or railing hardware, e.g., mounting bracket, clip, etc.; see D8.
		Fireplace mantel; see D23-404.
		Form for flower arrangement; see D11- 143+.
		Gate hinge; see D8-323+.
		Gate latch; see D8-331+.
		Grille for audio or video equipment; see D14-219.
		Gutter; see D23-267.
		Lamp combined with post; see D26-68.
		Lens or glass for lighting fixture; see D26-120+.
		Linoleum rug; see D6-582+.
		Linoleum sheet; see D5.
		Mobile home or trailer; see D12-101+.
		Mobile stair for boarding aircraft, etc.; D34-30.
		Pipe, tubing or hose; see D23-266.
		Plant stake; see D8-1.
		Portable swimming or wadding pool; see D21-815+.
		Roof gutter; see D23-267.
		Service station canopy combined with pump; see D15-9.1+.
		Step plate for vehicle; see D12-203.
		Structure which encloses telephone only; see D6-421 and 553+.
		Tent; see D21-834+.
		Tiles assembled into countertop; see D23-308.
		Tiles assembled into floor and wall covering; D6-582+.
		Track for sliding door; see D8-377.
		Vehicle support; see D34-31.
		Wallpaper; see D5.
1		STRUCTURE (1)
2		. Swimming pool
3		. Combined with diverse article, e.g., airport complex, etc.
4		. Clustered identical units
5		. Four or more levels
6		. . Tower
7		. Simulative
8		. . Animate
9		. . . Humanoid
10		. . Edible article or container therefor
11		. . Vehicle
12		. Arena or stadium
13		. Geodesic dome (2)
14		. Grain storage
15		. Greenhouse
16		. Single occupant type, i.e., telephone booth, privy, ticket booth, etc. (3)
17		. Having intersecting angular or curved roofs (4)
18		. Having curved or vaulted roof
19		. . Dome
20		. . Sinuous
21		. . Concave, catenary or flexibly suspended
22		. Having angular roof
23		. . Trapezoidal or triangular surface
24		. . . Gambrel type
25		. . . Mansard type
26		. . . Pyramidal
27		. . . Zig-zag type, i.e., sawtooth
28		. . . Inverted
29		. . . A-frame type
30		. . . Isolated slanted surface
31		. Circular or oval in plan
32		. Polygonal in plan
33		. Fully enclosed
34		. . Having carport or garage
35		PREFABRICATED UNIT (5)
36		. Underground service vault (6)
37		. Elevator cab interior (7)
38		. Railing unit or fence (8)
39		. . Combined, e.g., fence and gate
40		. . Simulative
41		. . Swimming pool grab rail
42		. . Post or board extending above rail, e.g., picket type
43		. . Post and rail type
44		. . . Rail centered on post
45		. . Wire type (9)
46		. . . Barbed
47		. Closure (10)
48		. . For passage, e.g., door, etc.
49		. . . Flexible or folding
50		. . . Gate
51		. . . . Turnstile
52		. . Window
53		. . Screen or guard (11)
54		. . . Window well cover
55		. Finishing unit (12)
56		. . Roof or canopy (13)
57		. . . Awning type
58		. . Partition, wall or ceiling (25)
59		. . . Exterior, e.g., storefront
60		. . Surround for door window, panel, etc. (14)
61		. Framing unit, e.g., building frame (15)
62		STAIR, LADDER, SCAFFOLD OR SIMILAR SUPPORT (16)
63		. Stepped (17)
64		. . Ladder
65		. . . Step stool type
66		. Scaffold
67		. Sawhorse
68		. Element or attachment (18)
69		. . Stair tread, step or ladder rung
100		TRELLIS OR TREILLAGE UNIT
101		. Simulative
102		ARCHITECTURAL STOCK MATERIAL (19)
103		. Transparent or translucent
104		. . Simulative
105		. . . Plant life
106		. . Three or more pattern repeats about axis on side (20)
107		. . . Hollow type
108		. . Hollow type
109		. . Symmetrical on two axes on one side (21)
110		. . Unidirectional repeat pattern
111		. . Random arrangement of pattern elements within repeat unit (22)
112		. Splash block
113		. Construction block or brick type (23)
114		. . Perforated or openwork (24)
115		. . . Symmetrical
116		. . . . Arcuate detail
117		. . . . . Cicular or oval
118		. . . . Rectangular or square detail
119		. Extruded shape (34)
120		. . Three or more repeats, or uniform configuration, about axis
121		. . Bilaterally symmetrical
122		. . . With hollow core
123		. . . Parallel repeating ribs or grooves
124		. . With hollow core
125		. . Parallel repeating ribs or grooves
126		. Post or beam
127		. . With cross arm or cantilevered support
128		. . Three or more repats, or uniform configuration, about axis
129		. . . Vertically fluted
130		. . Simulative
131		. . With notch or tang for receiving attachment (e.g., fencing wire, etc.)
132		. . Openwork type or with opening
133		. . Element or attachment
134		. . . Cross arm or cantilevered support
135		. . . Capital or cap
136		. Elongated molding type (e.g., crown, dentil, etc.) (26)
137		. . Simulative
138		. Panel, tile or applique or floor, wall, roof, etc. (27)
139		. . Roofing, or wall shingle
140		. . . Tile type
141		. . . Stamped, crimped or bent material having uniform thickness
142		. . . Perforated or openwork
143		. . . Three or more repeats, or uniform configuration, about axis
144		. . . Symmetrical on two axes
145		. . Relief carving or medallion type (28)
146		. . . Humanoid simulation
147		. . . Three or more repeats, or uniform configuration, about axis (e.g., medallion, etc.)
148		. . . Symmetrical on two axes
149		. . Simulative, or natural material pattern
150		. . . Wood grain
151		. . . Brick or stone (29)
152		. . Perforated or openwork (30)
153		. . . Symmetrica pattern or pattern unit
154		. . . . Arcuate
155		. . . . . Circular or oval
156		. . . . Rectangular or square
157		. . Symmetrical pattern or pattern unit (31)
158		. . . Three or more repeats, or uniform configuration, about axis
159		. . . . Consisting entirely of material having uniform thickness
160		. . . On two axes
161		. . . . Consisting entirely of aterial having uniform thickness
162		. . . Consisting entirely of material having uniform thickness
163		. . Textured (e.g., pitted, cratered, drilled, etc)
164		. Elongated (32)
199		MISCELLANEOUS (33)
		SEARCH NOTES FOR CLASS D25.
		(1) Includes bridge. For roof with no structure other than support, see subclasses 56+.
		(2) For arcuate dome, see subclass 19.
		(3) Includes structures that enclose a person.
		(4) Search subclasses 56+ for roof, per se.
		(5) Includes only plural components that are preassembled as a unit, e.g., steeple, cupola, etc. For individual components, see subclasses 102+. For trellis, stairs, louver unit, see, respectively, subclasses 100, 62+ and 152+. For girder, beam, etc., see subclasses 126+.
		(6) Includes element.
		(7) For elevator, see D34-33.
		(8) For handrail or post, see respectively, subclasses 119 and 126+.
		(9) Includes element.
		(10) Includes shutter; includes a combination with surround. For surround per se, see subclass 60.
		(11) Includes only screens or guards that are designed solely for window or door. For grille adaptable to other architectural uses, see subclasses 152+. For perforated sheet material, see D5-1+.
		(12) Includes rigid drapery cornice.
		(13) If structure has wall, see subclasses 1+.
		(14) Includes arch structure.
		(15) Includes cantilever support.
		(16) Includes ramp; includes bleachers.
		(17) For mobile stairs, see D34-30.
		(18) For component that is adaptable to other article, such as handrail, post, etc., see subclasses 102+.
		(19) Classified by full line disclosure.
		(20) Planar surface not considered.
		(21) Planar surface not considered.
		(22) If repeat protocol is apparent from the disclosure, patent is classified under earlier subclasses. If, however, the disclosured pattern element does not indicate how it can repeat, patent is classified here.
		(23) For edging, see subclass 164.
		(24) Opening must extend through the article.
		(25) Includes stage set.
		(26) If molding has extruded shape, see subclasses 119+. For corner or end piece, see subclass 102.
		(27) For generic elongated stock material having indefinite length, see subclass 164.
		(28) For embossed panelwork or for grill, see subclasses 138, 152 or 57.
		(29) For brick per se, see subclasses 113+.
		(30) Opening must extend through the article. Otherwise patent is classified in subclasses which follow.
		(31) Exclusive of random acoustic texture within symmetrical pattern unit, or of tongue or groove edge detail.
		(32) Includes railing, edging, etc. However, if railing, etc. has an extruded shape, patent is classified in subclasses 119+. For corner or end piece, see subclass 102.
		(33) Includes construction form. Includes roof pipe flashing.
		(34) To be classified in this subclass, article must have uninterrupted extruded shape. If openings, protrusions, rivets, vertical striations, etc., are disclosed with an elongated article, patent is classified in subclasses 126, 136 or 164. For articles with specific end configuration such as fence picket, see subclasses 126+.

Information Products Division -- Contacts

Questions regarding this report should be directed to:

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231

tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov

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Last Modified: 6 October 2000