Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
548
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES

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Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES
		This Class 548 is considered to be an integral part of Class 260 (see the Class 260 schedule for the position of this Class in schedule hierarchy). This Class retains all pertinent definitions and class lines of Class 260.
		ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Class 532, Subclass 1)
		. HETEROCYCLIC CARBON COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A HETERO RING HAVING CHALCOGEN (I.E., OXYGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM, OR TELLURIUM) OR NITROGEN AS THE ONLY RING HETERO ATOMS (Class 540, subclass 1)
100		. . Hetero ring is five-membered having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen (e.g., selenazoles, etc.)
101		. . . Heavy metal or aluminum containing
102		. . . . Arsenic containing
103		. . . . The metal is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon is a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring or which carbon is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
104		. . . . The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, which group is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
105		. . . . The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
106		. . . . The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
107		. . . . The metal is in an anion and the five-membered hetero ring is in a cation
108		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
109		. . . . Azide or acyclic nitrogen containing
110		. . . Boron or silicon containing
111		. . . Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
112		. . . Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
113		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
114		. . . . . The polycyclo ring system and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen
115		. . . . The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same nitrogen
116		. . . . The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen
117		. . . . . The five-membered hetero ring contains chalcogen as a ring hetero atom
118		. . . . . The five-membered hetero ring contains at least three ring nitrogens
119		. . . . The phosphorus is part of a substituent which is attached directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring
120		. . . The five-membered hetero ring contains ring selenium and is one of the cyclos in a polycyclo ring system
121		. . . . Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
122		. . . The five-membered hetero ring consists of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon
123		. . . Plural ring sulfurs in the five-membered hetero ring
124		. . . Plural ring oxygens in the five-membered hetero ring
125		. . . The five-membered hetero ring consists of chalcogen, plural nitrogens, and carbon
126		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
127		. . . . 1,2,3-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
128		. . . . 1,2,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
129		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring
130		. . . . . . Nitrogen or additional chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring
131		. . . . 1,2,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
132		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring
133		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the oxadiazole ring by nonionic bonding
134		. . . . 1,2,5-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
135		. . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding
136		. . . . 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
137		. . . . . Diazole ring attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding
138		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding
139		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding
140		. . . . . . . Additional nitrogen attached directly to the -C(=X)- group by nonionic bonding
141		. . . . . . Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding
142		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to the 2- and 5- positions of the thiadiazole ring
143		. . . . 1,3,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated)
144		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring
145		. . . . . Plural carbocyclic rings bonded directly to the oxadiazole ring
146		. . . 1,3-thiazoles (including hydrogenated)
147		. . . . Spiro
148		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos
149		. . . . . Tetracyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos
150		. . . . . Tricyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos
151		. . . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system
152		. . . . . Bicyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos
153		. . . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system
154		. . . . . . . Ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos
155		. . . . . . . . Tetramisole per se or salt thereof (including hydrogenated)
156		. . . . . . Plural benzothiazoles (including hydrogenated)
157		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
158		. . . . . . . . Plural benzothiazole ring systems bonded directly to chain consisting of plural sulfurs
159		. . . . . . Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing
160		. . . . . . Polycyclo-carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos
161		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
162		. . . . . . . The nitrogen is a ring hetero atom
163		. . . . . . . Carbonyl or thiocarbonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen
164		. . . . . . . The nitrogen bonded additionally only to hydrogen
165		. . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
166		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to the chalcogen
167		. . . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the chalcogen by nonionic bonding
168		. . . . . . . . The nitrogen is bonded additionally directly to two carbons
169		. . . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
170		. . . . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
171		. . . . . . . . . 0Nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group
172		. . . . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to chalcogen by nonionic bonding
173		. . . . . . . Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
174		. . . . . . . Sulfur double bonded or thiol bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
175		. . . . . . . . Process of forming the bicyclo ring system
176		. . . . . . . . . 0Aniline or alkyl derivative thereof utilized as starting material
177		. . . . . . . . Purification or recovery
178		. . . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
179		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
180		. . . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
181		. . . . Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring nitrogen
182		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
183		. . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the thiazole ring
184		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
185		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to nitrogen
186		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
187		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
188		. . . . . . . The -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to the thiazole ring
189		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
190		. . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
191		. . . . . Plural nitrogens attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
192		. . . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen
193		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
194		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
195		. . . . . . . The -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to the nitrogen
196		. . . . . . . . Chalcogen or additional nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group
197		. . . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to chalcogen
198		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
199		. . . . . The nitrogen is bonded additionally only to hydrogen
200		. . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the thiazole ring
201		. . . . . The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens
202		. . . . Plural double bonds between ring members of thiazole ring
203		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
204		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
205		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
206		. . . 1,2-thiazoles (including hydrogenated)
207		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos
208		. . . . . Ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos of the polycyclo ring system
209		. . . . . Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
210		. . . . . . At least three chalcogens bonded directly to the thiazole ring
211		. . . . . . . Saccharin per se or salt thereof
212		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
213		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring
214		. . . . Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding
215		. . . 1,3-oxazoles (including hydrogenated)
216		. . . . Spiro
217		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos
218		. . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system
219		. . . . . Plural polycyclo ring systems having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos in each of the ring systems
220		. . . . . . Plural oxazole-containing polycyclo ring systems each bonded directly to the same polycyclo ring system or the same hetero ring
221		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring
222		. . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring
223		. . . . . At least four rings in the polycyclo ring system
224		. . . . . Carbocyclic ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring
225		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring
226		. . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the oxazole ring
227		. . . . . . Chalcogens bonded directly at 2- and 5-positions of the oxazole ring
228		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly at 5-position of the oxazole ring
229		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly at 2-position of the oxazole ring
230		. . . . . . Nitrogen, halogen, or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding
231		. . . . . . 3-position substituent contains ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation or nitrogen
232		. . . . . . 4- or 5-position substituent contains chalcogen
233		. . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring
234		. . . . . Additional ring attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding
235		. . . . Plural double bonds between the ring members of the oxazole ring
236		. . . . . Cyano or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding
237		. . . . One double bond between the ring members of the oxazole ring
238		. . . . . 2-position substituent contains nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso
239		. . . . . 2-position is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only
240		. . . 1,2-oxazoles (including hydrogenated)
241		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos
242		. . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system
243		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring
244		. . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring
245		. . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring
246		. . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to the 3-position of the oxazole ring
247		. . . . Plural double bonds between ring members of the oxazole ring
248		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding
249		. . . . . 4-position substituent contains plural chalcogens, attached indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding, none of which is bonded directly to phenyl
250		. . . Tetrazoles (including hydrogenated)
251		. . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding
252		. . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding
253		. . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
254		. . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding
255		. . . 1,2,3-triazoles (including hydrogenated)
256		. . . . Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring oxygen
257		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos
258		. . . . . Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos
259		. . . . . Chalcogen attached directly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
260		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
261		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
262.2		. . . 1,2,4-triazoles (including hydrogenated)
262.4		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos
262.6		. . . . Having -NH-C(=X)-NHH attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding (wherein X is chalcogen or =NH, and substitution may be made for hydrogen only)
262.8		. . . . Plural nitrogens attached to the triazole ring indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding, two of which are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon
263.2		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the triazole ring
263.4		. . . . . Plural chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbons of the triazole ring
263.6		. . . . . . The 1- and 2- positions of the triazole ring are unsubstituted, or are alkyl or cycloalkyl substituted only
263.8		. . . . . Halogen or nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding
264.2		. . . . . Carbon bonded directly to the chalcogen
264.4		. . . . . . Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the chalcogen by acyclic nonionic bonding
264.6		. . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the 4-position of the triazole ring
264.8		. . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding
265.2		. . . . . Plural nitrogens attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding
265.4		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen
265.6		. . . . . The nitrogen is further bonded to hydrogen only
265.8		. . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the triazole ring, and directly to the acyclic carbon of a benzoyl or benzyl group
266.2		. . . . Additional unsaturated hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding
266.4		. . . . . The additional unsaturated hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system (except alkylenedioxyphenyl)
266.6		. . . . . The additional unsaturated hetero ring and the triazole ring are attached to the same acyclic atom or to the same acyclic chain
266.8		. . . . Cyano or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the triazole ring
267.2		. . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
267.4		. . . . . The nitrogen is double or triple bonded to carbon
267.6		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen
267.8		. . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the triaole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
268.2		. . . . . The triazole ring and the chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon
268.4		. . . . . Acyclic carbon bonded directly to triazole ring nitrogen is multiple bonded to an additional carbon
268.6		. . . . . Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
268.8		. . . . The triazole ring and a hetero ring whose ring members are carbon and chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon
269.2		. . . . Processes for forming the triazole ring
269.4		. . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the triazole ring
300.1		. . . 1,3-diazoles (including hydrogenated)
300.4		. . . . Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.)
300.7		. . . . Spiro
301.1		. . . . . One of the two rings which form the spiro is part of a polycyclo ring system
301.4		. . . . . Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., cyclohexanespiro-5`-(3`-hydroxymethyl) hydantoin, etc.]
301.7		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos
302.1		. . . . . Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos
302.4		. . . . . . The 1,3-diazole shares ring nitrogen with a five-membered ring having no additional hetero atoms (e.g., imidazo [2,1-a] isoindole, etc.)
302.7		. . . . . Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos
303.1		. . . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., furo- imidazole, (1,2-a) imidazole, pyrazo (1,2-a) imidazolidine, etc.)
303.4		. . . . . . . Four ring nitrogens in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., glycolurile, etc.)
303.7		. . . . . . . The other cyclo is a five-membered hetero ring having one sulfur and four carbons (e.g., cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno [3,4-d]-imidazoline 4-valeric acid or biotin, etc.)
304.1		. . . . . . . . Having -C(=O)-HN-, wherein substitution may be made for H, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., biotin amide, biotinylglycine, etc.)
304.4		. . . . . . The other ring is a benzene ring
304.7		. . . . . . . Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., methyl( 5-[2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-dioxolan -2-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate, etc.)
305.1		. . . . . . . . The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system (e.g., benzofuranyl-benzimidazole, etc.)
305.4		. . . . . . . . . 0The additional polycyclo ring system contains a 1,3-diazole [e.g., bis (benzimidazol-2-yl) stilene, etc.]
305.7		. . . . . . . . . . 0The polycyclo ring systems are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain (e.g., di-[2-benzimidazolyl)-methane; di-[benzimidazyl-(2)]-monohydroxyethylene, etc.)
306.1		. . . . . . . . The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 2-(2`-imidazolin-2`-yl)-benzimidazole; 1-p-chlorophenyl-3- pyrrolidin-1`- yl-propyl benzimidazolone, etc.]
306.4		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring
306.7		. . . . . . . . Plural chalcogens attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
307.1		. . . . . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur
307.4		. . . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
307.7		. . . . . . . . Chalcogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding
308.1		. . . . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
308.4		. . . . . . . . . 0Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group
308.7		. . . . . . . . Having -C(=X)-X-, wherein the X`s are the same or diverse chalcogens, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
309.1		. . . . . . . . . 0Chalcogen bonded directly to the benzene ring of the bicyclo ring system
309.4		. . . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
309.7		. . . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
310.1		. . . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
310.4		. . . . . . . Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
310.7		. . . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2- position of the diazole ring
311.1		. . . . Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl methyl-imidazole, etc.)
311.4		. . . . . The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system [e.g., 2-(1-isothiochromanyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride, etc.]
311.7		. . . . . . At least two ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system
312.1		. . . . . . The additional polycyclo ring system is a bicyclo ring system having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(indolyl-3-methylene)- hydantoin, etc.]
312.4		. . . . . The additional hetero ring is a diazole ring (including hydrogenated)
312.7		. . . . . . Plural 1,3-diazoles
313.1		. . . . . . . Additional diverse hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to a diazole ring by nonionic bonding
313.4		. . . . . . . The diazole rings are bonded directly to each other
313.7		. . . . . . . Ring nitrogens of two diazole rings attached directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring, by nonionic bonding
314.1		. . . . . . . . Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of each of the two diazole rings (e.g., N, N` methylene bis -hydantoin, etc.)
314.4		. . . . . . . Two diazole rings are bonded directly to the same carbon atom or carbon chain, which chain may include a ring
314.7		. . . . . The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., N-(cyclopentylcarbonyl-L-histidyl)-pyrrolidine, etc.]
315.1		. . . . . The additional hetero ring contains sulfur as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(2-thienyl) hydantoin, etc.]
315.4		. . . . . The additional hetero ring is a five-membered ring having oxygen and four carbons (e.g., pilocarpine; 2-[5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-furyl]imidazole hydrochloride, etc.)
315.7		. . . . . . Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the 1,3-diazole ring
316.1		. . . . . . . Plural acyclic chalcogens bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., N-(5-nitro-2-furfuryliden)-1- amino-hydantoin, etc.]
316.4		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring (e.g., N-vinyl-N, N`ethylene urea, etc.)
316.7		. . . . . Additional chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
317.1		. . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring
317.5		. . . . . . Three chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring
318.1		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding [e.g., (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea or allantoin, etc.]
318.5		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
319.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
319.5		. . . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
320.1		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
320.5		. . . . . . Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
321.1		. . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
321.5		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
322.1		. . . . . . The nitrogen is attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., dinitroethylene urea, etc.)
322.5		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
323.1		. . . . . . Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group
323.5		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
324.1		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
324.5		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
325.1		. . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur or selenium (e.g., 2-mercaptoimidazoline, ethylenethiourea, etc.)
325.5		. . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
326.1		. . . . . The diazole ring is further unsubstituted (e.g., cyclic ethylene urea, etc.)
326.5		. . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
327.1		. . . . . The nitrogen is part of a nitro group (i.e., -NO ), (e.g., 5-nitroimidazole, etc.)
327.5		. . . . . . The nitro group is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring
328.1		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
328.5		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
329.1		. . . . . . . The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon
329.5		. . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring
330.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen, not part of a nitro group, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
330.5		. . . . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur
331.1		. . . . . Chalcogen or the nitrogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding
331.5		. . . . . The nitrogen is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring
332.1		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
332.5		. . . . . . Chalcogen, additional nitrogen, or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen or nitrogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding
333.1		. . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the nitrogen
333.5		. . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring
334.1		. . . . . The -C(=X)- is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring
334.5		. . . . . The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X`s are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., imidazole- 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, etc.)
335.1		. . . . Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazole)
335.5		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
336.1		. . . . . . The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon
336.5		. . . . . . . Having a -C=N group bonded directly to the nitrogen (e.g., N-cyano-N`- methyl-N~-{2-(4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)-methylthio]-ethyl}guanidine, etc.)
337.1		. . . . . . . The nitrogen is part of a -C=N group which is bonded directly to the diazole ring (e.g., 4,5-dicyanoimidazole, etc.)
338.1		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen
338.5		. . . . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur or sulfur attached indirectly to the -C(=X)- group by acyclic nonionic bonding
339.1		. . . . . . The nitrogen and -C(=X)X-, wherein X`s are the same or diverse chalcogens, are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon atom (e.g., -amino-4(5)- imidazole propionic acid or histidine, etc.)
339.5		. . . . . . . Halogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
340.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding
341.1		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
341.5		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
342.1		. . . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur
342.5		. . . . . . Benzene ring or halogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1-hydroxyethyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazole; 1-ethyloxymethyl-2, 4,5-trichloro-imidazole, etc.)
343.1		. . . . . Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
343.5		. . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
344.1		. . . . . The diazole ring and two benzene rings are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon
345.1		. . . . . Cycloaliphatic ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
346.1		. . . . . Benzene ring attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
347.1		. . . . One double bond between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazoline)
348.1		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
349.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
350.1		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., hydroxyalkyl glyoxalidine, etc.)
351.1		. . . . . . The chalcogen is sulfur
352.1		. . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)X- group, wherein X`s are the same or diverse chalcogens
353.1		. . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the chalcogen [e.g., 2-(3- aminophenoxymethyl)imidazoline, etc.]
354.1		. . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
355.1		. . . . . Benzene ring and the diazole ring are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or carbon chain
356.1		. . . 1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated)
356.5		. . . . Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.)
357.1		. . . . . Additional polycyclo ring system having at least three cyclos attached directly or indirectly to the anthrone or anthraquinone by nonionic bonding
357.5		. . . . Spiro
358.1		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos
358.5		. . . . . Tetracyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos
359.1		. . . . . Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos
359.5		. . . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system
360.1		. . . . . Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., 2, 4-dichloro-5-nitrophenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole, etc.)
360.5		. . . . . . At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system
361.1		. . . . . . The other ring is a benzene ring
361.5		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring
362.1		. . . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
362.5		. . . . . . . Having chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
363.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring
364.1		. . . . Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
364.4		. . . . . The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system
364.7		. . . . . . The polycyclo ring system contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
365.1		. . . . . Plural 1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated)
365.4		. . . . . . Two diazole rings are bonded directly to each other, to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain
365.7		. . . . . The additional hetero ring contains chalcogen as the only ring hetero atom
366.1		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring
366.4		. . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to diazole ring carbons
366.7		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
367.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
367.4		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
367.7		. . . . . . The nitrogen is multiply bonded to acyclic carbon or is bonded to nitrogen of the diazole ring
368.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., 5- (2-carbethoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole, etc.]
368.4		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen
368.7		. . . . . . The nitrogen and the chalcogen are directly bonded to non-adjacent carbons of the diazole ring (e.g., pyrazolone imide or imino pyrazolone, etc.)
369.1		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding
369.4		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring
369.7		. . . . . . Acyclic nitrogen or chalcogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group
370.1		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
370.4		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
370.7		. . . . . The chalcogen is bonded directly at the 4-position of the diazole ring
371.1		. . . . . Benzene ring is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring (e.g., 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; antipyrine, etc.)
371.4		. . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding
371.7		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
372.1		. . . . . Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitropyrazole, etc.]
372.5		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding [e.g., 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-4(para-chlorophenyl)-pyrazole, etc.]
373.1		. . . . Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazole)
374.1		. . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring
375.1		. . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
376.1		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
377.1		. . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring
379.1		. . . . One double bond between ring memebers of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazoline)
379.4		. . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
379.7		. . . . . Plural benzene rings bonded directly to the diazole ring
400		. . Hetero ring is five-membered consisting of one nitrogen and four carbons (e.g., halopyrrolidines, etc.)
401		. . . With preservative or stabilizer
402		. . . Heavy metal or aluminum containing
403		. . . . The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen, which chalcogen is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding pyrazole ring carbon
404		. . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)
405		. . . Boron containing
406		. . . Silicon containing
407		. . . Spiro
408		. . . . The spiro includes the five-membered hetero ring
409		. . . . . Both rings which form the spiro are hetero rings
410		. . . . . . Acyclic chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered nitrogen containing spiro hetero ring by nonionic bonding
411		. . . . . Polycyclo ring system having one of the two rings which form the spiro as one of the cyclos
412		. . . Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
413		. . . Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
414		. . . . Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
415		. . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring
416		. . . Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
417		. . . . The polycyclo ring system has at least six cyclos, and has either a ring carbon that is shared by three of the cyclos or has a ring chalcogen
418		. . . . Pentacyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
419		. . . . . Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.)
420		. . . . Tetracyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
421		. . . . . Plural ring hetero atoms in the tetracyclo ring system
422		. . . . . . Three-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system (e.g., mitomycin C, etc.)
423		. . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)
424		. . . . . Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.)
425		. . . . . . Benzene ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system
426		. . . . . The five-membered hetero ring shares ring members with one other cyclo only
427		. . . . Tricyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos
428		. . . . . Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos
429		. . . . . Plural ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system
430		. . . . . . Ring chalcogen in the tricyclo ring system
431		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)
432		. . . . . . . Pyrano(3,4-b)indoles or thiopyrano(3,4-b) indoles (including hydrogenated)
433		. . . . . . The tricyclo ring system consists of a benzene ring which shares ring carbons with two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., pyromellitic diimide, etc.)
434		. . . . . Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged)
435		. . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.)
436		. . . . . A ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., peri-fused, etc.)
437		. . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., naphthostyril, etc.)
438		. . . . . . Benzene ring, which is not a cyclo in the tricyclo ring system, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring
439		. . . . . The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two carbocyclic rings (e.g., tetrahydrocarbazoles, etc.)
440		. . . . . . The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two benzene rings (i.e., carbazoles)
441		. . . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system (e.g., carbazole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.)
442		. . . . . . . One of the benzene rings and an additional carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the same acyclic nitrogen
443		. . . . . . . Azido or sulfonyl attached directly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., carbazole sulfonic acid, etc.)
444		. . . . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the tricyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding
445		. . . . . . . The tricyclo ring system is unsubstituted or is hydrocarbyl substituted only (e.g., N-vinyl carbazole, etc.)
446		. . . . . . . . Carbazole per se or alkyl substituted only
447		. . . . . . . . . 0Processes of forming by cyclization or alkylation
448		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the tricyclo ring system (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole -3 carboxylic acid, etc.)
449		. . . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
450		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.)
451		. . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, naphthisatins, etc.)
452		. . . . Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., octahydroindoles, etc.)
453		. . . . . Plural ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system, or ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos of the bicyclo ring system
454		. . . . . Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
455		. . . . . . The additional polycyclo ring system includes a five-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring
456		. . . . . . . Lactone ring containing (e.g., 3,3-bisindolyl phthalides, etc.)
457		. . . . . . . Ring carbon of one of the five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to ring carbon of the other (e.g., indigo dyes, etc.)
458		. . . . . . . . By a single bond (e.g., leuco indigo, etc.)
459		. . . . . . . . Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., dibromoindigo, etc.)
460		. . . . . . . Ring carbon of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen or nitrogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same nitrogen atom or to different nitrogen atoms, etc.)
461		. . . . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two five membered hetero rings (e.g., bisphthalimides, etc.)
462		. . . . . . . . . 0The ring nitrogen of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring (e.g., N,N'-ethylene-bisphthalimide, etc.)
463		. . . . . . The additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system has a lactone ring as one of the cyclos
464		. . . . . . Ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the hetero ring which is a cyclo in the additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.)
465		. . . . . Additional hetero ring, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding
466		. . . . . . The additional hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system
467		. . . . . . Substituent on ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system contains the additional hetero ring
468		. . . . . . . The additional hetero ring and the bicyclo ring system are attached directly to the same acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain
469		. . . . . The bicyclo ring system consists of the five-membered hetero ring and a benzene ring (e.g., indole, etc.)
470		. . . . . . The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (i.e., isoindoles or isoindolenines)
471		. . . . . . . Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring
472		. . . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimidines, etc.)
473		. . . . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimides, etc.)
474		. . . . . . . . . 0Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos
475		. . . . . . . . . 0Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
476		. . . . . . . . . 0Benzene ring bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero
477		. . . . . . . . . 0Nitrogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
478		. . . . . . . . . 0Chalcogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
479		. . . . . . . . . . 0The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group (e.g., beta - phthalimidopropionaldehyde, etc.)
480		. . . . . . . . . 0The ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only
481		. . . . . . . . . . 0Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding
482		. . . . . . . The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., isoindolines)
483		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 2-amino indoles, etc.)
484		. . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 3-indolols, etc.)
485		. . . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., isatins, etc.)
486		. . . . . . . The chalcogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-indolinones, etc.)
487		. . . . . . . . Two benzene rings bonded directly to the same ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring
488		. . . . . . . Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system bonded direcly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indol-alpha-naphtholindigo, etc.)
489		. . . . . . . Process of forming the bicyclo ring system directly from reactant which contains acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to a benzene ring (e.g., indoxyl from phenylglycine, etc.)
490		. . . . . . The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., indolines)
491		. . . . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
492		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indole-2-carboxylic acids, etc.)
493		. . . . . . . Hydrogen or additional carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group (e.g., aldehydes,ketones, etc.)
494		. . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by an acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid, etc.)
495		. . . . . . . Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain
496		. . . . . . . . The acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., tryptophane, etc.)
497		. . . . . . . . . 0Processes
498		. . . . . . . . . . 0Racemization or optical resolution
499		. . . . . . . . . . 0Preparing from hydantoins or proteins
500		. . . . . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indomethacin, etc.)
501		. . . . . . . . Processes
502		. . . . . . . Processes
503		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding
504		. . . . . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., tryptamine, etc.)
505		. . . . . . . . The nitrogen is double or triple bonded directly to carbon
506		. . . . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring
507		. . . . . . . . Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
508		. . . . . . Processes of forming the bicyclo ring system by cyclization (e.g., forming indole from o-ethyl aniline, etc.)
509		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding
510		. . . . . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group
511		. . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring
512		. . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., adrenochrome, etc.)
513		. . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., imides, etc.)
514		. . . . . . . Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
515		. . . . . The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (e.g., cyclopenta(c)pyrroles, etc.)
516		. . . . . Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles, etc.)
517		. . . Additional hetero ring, which is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
518		. . . . The additional hetero ring also contains nitrogen
519		. . . . . Ring carbon of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same oxygen atom or to different oxygen atoms, etc.)
520		. . . . . . Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-succinimides, etc.)
521		. . . . . . . Double bond between ring carbons in each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-maleimides, etc.)
522		. . . . . . . . Processes
523		. . . . . Ring nitrogens of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings are bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring
524		. . . . . . The atom is carbon or the chain consists of carbons
525		. . . . Polycyclo ring system which includes ring chalcogen
526		. . . . . Plural ring chalcogens in the polycyclo ring sytem (e.g., methylenedioxyphenyl containing, etc.)
527		. . . . Sulfur containing hetero ring
528		. . . Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos
529		. . . . Attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring
530		. . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the five membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole carbonyl halides, pyrrole carboxaldehyde, etc.)
531		. . . . The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.)
532		. . . . . And is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4-hydroxy proline, etc.)
533		. . . . . . Additional -C(=X) bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., N n-butyryl-L-proline, etc.)
534		. . . . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone-5 carboxylic acid, etc.)
535		. . . . . . The five-membered hetero ring is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., proline, etc.)
536		. . . . . Additional -C(=X)- bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid esters, etc.)
537		. . . . Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 4,5-dihalopyrrole -2 carboxamides, etc.)
538		. . . . . The -C(=X)- is bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 1-pyrrolidine carboxanilides, etc.)
539		. . . . Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 3-benzoyl pyrrolidine, etc.)
540		. . . . Acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., N-oleoylpyrrolidine, etc.)
541		. . . Chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinols, etc.)
542		. . . . Chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., pyrrolidine-N-oxides, etc.)
543		. . . . Chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-pyrrolidones, etc.)
544		. . . . . And chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring which is not adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2,4 pyrrolidinediones, etc.)
545		. . . . . And chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., succinimide, etc.)
546		. . . . . . Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
547		. . . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
548		. . . . . . Carbon to carbon unsaturation between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., maleimide, etc.)
549		. . . . . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., N-phenylmaleimide, etc.)
550		. . . . . Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
551		. . . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
552		. . . . . Processes of forming 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl or alkenyl substituted only
553		. . . . . . Directly from a cyano containing compound (e.g., from succinonitrile, etc.)
554		. . . . . . Directly from a -COO- containing compound (e.g., from methyl acrylate, etc.)
555		. . . . . Purification or recovery of 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only
556		. . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., 4-hydroxy -3-pyrrolidinemethanol, etc.)
557		. . . Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
558		. . . . The nitrogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring
559		. . . . . Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the nitrogen
560		. . . Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring
561		. . . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
562		. . . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
563		. . . . Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five -membered hetero ring
564		. . . . The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrole, etc.)
565		. . . One double bond between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (i.e., pyrrolines)
566		. . . Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
567		. . . . The nitrogen is bonded directly to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (e.g., 2 benzamidomethyl - pyrrolidines, etc.)
568		. . . . . Hydrogen or acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 2 pyrrolidine acrylamide, etc.)
569		. . . . The nitrogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring
570		. . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding
571		. . . . The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group (e.g., 1-phenyl -2-pyrrolidino hexanone-1, etc.)
572		. . . . . The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinemethanol propionates, etc.)
573		. . . . . . The -C(=X)X- group is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., beta-pyrrolidyl ethyl ester of benzoic acid, etc.)
574		. . . . The chalcogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring
575		. . . . . Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the chalcogen
576		. . . . . . The substituent on the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring contains a bicyclo carbocyclic ring system
577		. . . Benzene ring bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring
578		. . . Benzene ring in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding
579		. . . The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or is alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrolidine, etc.)
950		. . The hetero ring contains four members including nitrogen and carbon
951		. . . Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring
952		. . . Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the hetero ring
953		. . . Nitrogen or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring
954		. . Hetero ring is three-membered including nitrogen and carbon
955		. . . Heavy metal, boron or silicon containing
956		. . . Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding
957		. . . . Plural phosphori
958		. . . Spiro
959		. . . Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring
960		. . . . Plural nitrogens in the hetero ring
961		. . . Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos
962		. . . Additional hetero ring containing
963		. . . . Plural three-membered nitrogen containing hetero rings bonded directly to the same ring
964		. . . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, in chain between the hetero rings
965		. . . Chalcogen, nitrogen or halogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding
966		. . . Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring
967		. . . Nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding
968		. . . Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding
969		. . . The three-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only

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Last Modified: 6 October 2000