Manual of U.S. Patent Classification
as of June 30, 2000

Class
162
PAPER MAKING AND FIBER LIBERATION

Class definitions may be accessed by clicking on the class title, above.
Subclass definitions may be accessed by clicking on the subclass number, below.

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by clicking on the " " icon following the subclass number, below.

( please note that links to definitions and classified patents may not be available for some classes and subclasses )

For search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

Subclass		Title
ClassTitle		===> PAPER MAKING AND FIBER LIBERATION
1		PROCESSES OF CHEMICAL LIBERATION, RECOVERY OR PURIFICATION OF NATURAL CELLULOSE OR FIBROUS MATERIAL
2		. Animal fibers
3		. Mineral fibers
4		. Waste paper or textile waste
5		. . With organic agent
6		. . With chlorine, chlorine compounds, oxygen, ozone, or per-compounds
7		. . With sulfur or sulfur compound
8		. . With alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium compound
9		. With chemical or physical modification of liberated fiber
10		. With non-fiber material added to product
11		. . Fiber supplied constituent
12		. . Added to web or article
13		. With formation of web or article
14		. Including recovery of organic by-product
15		. . From digester relief gases
16		. . From waste liquor
17		. Continuous chemical treatment or continuous charging or discharging
18		. . With compression, squeezing or compacting of fibrous material during charging
19		. . Plural diverse stage treatment
20		. With decortication or mechanical preparation of textile fibers
21		. Defibration by projection or explosion
22		. . With chemical other than water or steam
23		. Mechanical defibration in the presence of heated gas or gas under pressure
24		. Chemical treatment after start or completion of mechanical defibration
25		. . With additional chemical treatment before start of defibration
26		. Simultaneous mechanical defibration and chemical treatment
27		. Mechanical defibration of logs or blocks after chemical treatment
28		. With plural or specified mechanical defibering step
29		. With regeneration, reclamation, reuse, recycling or destruction of digestion fluid
30.1		. . With destruction of organic ingredient in or smelting of liquor
30.11		. . . Treatment of kraft pulping chemicals
31		. . . Flames combustion
32		. . . Liquor from digestion using organic compound or including element other than Na, Ca, Mg, O, C, H or S
33		. . . With mixing of liquors from different digestions
34		. . . Plural diverse digestion of same fibrous material
35		. . . Residue converted into liquor different from original liquor
36		. . . Sulfur dioxide or sulfite containing spent liquor
37		. . Digestion fluid reused on different fibrous materials
38		. . . With addition of chemicals prior to reuse
39		. . . . In digester
40		. . . Without treatment or modification
41		. . Recirculation (includes separation from fibers)
42		. . . With treatment of fluids during recirculation
43		. . . . Removal and/or separation of portion of recirculating fluid
44		. . . . . With recombing
45		. . . . With addition of chemicals to recirculating fluid
46		. . . Steam only
47		. With heat recovery
48		. With cleaning, preserving or conditioning of apparatus
49		. With testing, sampling or analyzing
50		. Utilizing electrical or radiant energy
51		. Digestion odor control
52		. Charging and/or discharging fibrous material
53		. Vacuum treatment
54		. Freezing
55		. With classifying, separating or screening of pulp (solids from solids)
56		. With squeezing, compression, rubbing, kneading
57		. With agitation or forced circulation
58		. . In rotating vessel
59		. . Closed circuit circulation
60		. With washing
61		. Regulatory
62		. . Concentration of chemicals
63		. Gas, vapor or mist contact
64		. . Sulfur dioxide
65		. . Oxygen, ozone or air
66		. . Chlorine containing material
67		. . . Chlorine dioxide
68		. . Steam only
69		. Non-continuous liquid phase
70		. Treatment with particular chemical
71		. . Treatment of ground-wood or sawdust
72		. . Organic
73		. . . With inorganic chlorine containing material
74		. . . Chlorine containing
75		. . . Fat, fatty oil or higher fatty acid
76		. . . Acids, salts or esters
77		. . . Alcohols or phenols
78		. . Per-compound (e.g., peroxide, perborate)
79		. . Heavy metal or aluminum containing
80		. . Phosphorus, boron or silicon containing
81		. . Nitrogen oxide, acid, or salt thereof
82		. . Sulfur containing
83		. . . Sulfur dioxide or sulfite
84		. . . . Plural diverse stage treatment
85		. . . . . Chlorine containing material in at least one stage
86		. . . . . Alkali metal, ammonium, alkaline earth metal or magnesium hydroxide or carbonate in at least one stage
87		. . Chlorine containing
88		. . . Plural diverse stage treatments
89		. . . . Alkali metal, ammoninum, alkaline earth metal or magnesium hydroxide or carbonate in at least one stage
90		. . Alkali metal, ammonium, alkaline earth metal or magnesium hydroxide or carbonate
91		. Particular raw cellulosic materials
92		. . Fossilized, (e.g., peat)
93		. . Bark
94		. . Bamboo
95		. . Cotton fibers or linters
96		. . Sugar cane, bagasse or cornstalks
97		. . Cereal grasses or straws
98		. . Bast (e.g., flax, hemp, jute, ramie, sisal)
99		. . Non-wood
100		PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS
101		. Pore forming in situ (e.g., gas generation)
102		. Utilizing non-aqueous suspending medium
103		. Including solid non-waterlaid preform
104		. . Between separately formed webs
105		. . Metallic
106		. . . Electrical conductor
107		. . Glass
108		. . Woven fabric or parallel strands
109		. Non-uniform, irregular or configured web or sheet
110		. . Watermarking
111		. . Creping and/or crinkling
112		. . . With coating and/or laminating
113		. . . With additional deformation
114		. . By perforating
115		. . By fluid pressure
116		. . By configured forming mold
117		. . Subsequent treatment by irregular or configured die
118		. With winding or roll forming
119		. . With coating
120		. . With cutting and/or removing material
121		. . With heat
122		. . With pressure
123		. Multi-layer waterlaid webs or sheets
124		. . With non-fiber added between layers
125		. . Layers of different properties
126		. . . Color
127		. . . Organic additive
128		. . . Inorganic additive
129		. . . Fiber
130		. . . . Dimension
131		. . . . Orientation
132		. . Separately formed webs subsequently united
133		. . . On common felt or carries (non-mold)
134		. With printing and/or variegated coloring
135		. With coating after drying
136		. . With treatment subsequent to coating
137		. . Plural layer coating
138		. Electrical or magnetic product characteristic
139		. Cigarette paper
140		. Safety, identification and fraud preventing paper
141		. Plural fiber containing
142		. . Undigested cellulosic fiber
143		. . Animal or proteinaceous
144		. . . Leather
145		. . Mineral
146		. . Synthetic (including chemically modified cellulose)
147		. . Waste paper or textile waste
148		. . Non-wood
149		. . Fibers of different dimensions
150		. Undigested cellulosic fiber
151		. Animal or proteinaceous fiber
152		. Mineral fiber
153		. . Asbestos
154		. . . With Portland cement
155		. . . With organic additive
156		. . Glass
157.1		. Synthetic fiber (including chemically modified cellulose)
157.2		. . Synthetic resin
157.3		. . . Polyamide, polyester or polyurethane
157.4		. . . Polymerized unsaturated compound
157.5		. . . . Hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon
157.6		. . Cellulosic
157.7		. . . Regenerated cellulose, viscose or rayon
158		. Non-fiber additive
159		. . Fire proofing agent
160		. . Preservative or antioxidant
161		. . . Biocidal
162		. . Coloring agent
163		. . Fiber supplied constituent
164.1		. . Synthetic resin
164.2		. . . Ion exchange resin or molecular sieve
164.3		. . . Epoxy containing reactant
164.4		. . . Silicon containing
164.5		. . . Sulfur containing
164.6		. . . Nitrogen containing
164.7		. . . Ester type
165		. . . Phenol-aldehyde
166		. . . Amine- or amide-aldehyde
167		. . . . With additional organic reactant
168.1		. . . Polymerized unsaturated compound
168.2		. . . . Nitrogen containing compound
168.3		. . . . . Acrylamide containing
168.4		. . . . . . Heterocyclic N or S or epoxy component
168.5		. . . . . Heterocyclic N or S or epoxy component
168.6		. . . . Hetero S or epoxy component
168.7		. . . . Ester type
169		. . . . From polyene compound
170		. . Natural hydrocarbon gum (rubber)
171		. . Bitumen
172		. . Wax
173		. . Hydrocarbon
174		. . Protein
175		. . Carbohydrate
176		. . . Cellulose (non-fibrous)
177		. . . Cellulose derivative (e.g., cellulose ester)
178		. . . Gum
179		. . Fat, fatty oil, or higher fatty acid
180		. . Natural resin
181.1		. . Inorganic
181.2		. . . Metal salt other than silicate
181.3		. . . . Sulfate or sulfite
181.4		. . . Metal oxide or hydroxide
181.5		. . . . Metal other than alkali metal, magnesium, or alkaline earth metal
181.6		. . . Silicon containing additive other than clay
181.7		. . . . Alkali metal silicate
181.8		. . . Clay
181.9		. . . Free metal or free carbon containing
182		. . With preparatory chemical treatment of fiber
183		. . Incorporation procedures
184		. . . Application to formed web
185		. . . . Part added to furnish or pulp
186		. . . . On mold
187		. Hydration and/or gelatinization
188		. Non-uniform internal structure
189		. Reclamation, salvage or reuse of materials
190		. . White water
191		. . Broke or trim
192		. Utilizing electrical or wave energy
193		. Lead strip forming and/or guiding
194		. With cutting and/or slitting
195		. . Fluid deckle or shower
196		. With folding or twisting (e.g., roving)
197		. With stretching, tensioning, decurling, flexing or breaking
198		. With measuring, inspecting and/or testing
199		. Conditioning, preparing or repairing of apparatus
200		. . Wire stringing
201		. Combined processes
202		. Running or indefinite length work forming and/or treating processes (e.g., web)
203		. . Forming single web between opposed forming surfaces
204		. . Subsequent treatment of formed web
205		. . . Pressure
206		. . . . With heating and/or cooling
207		. . . Heating, cooling, gas or vapor contact
208		. . Treatment of slurry on mold surface
209		. . . Vibration or agitation
210		. . . Pressure member
211		. . Inhibiting or restricting drainage through mold
212		. . Directing slurry into association with mold
213		. . . Projecting or slinging stock
214		. . . Pressure forming
215		. . . Counter or transverse of mold movement
216		. . . Mechanical treatment of slurry in head box or approach flow
217		. . Suction through mold
218		. Article forming processes (pulp molding)
219		. . Plural stage deposition
220		. . Pressing with flexible diaphragm
221		. . Treatment subsequent to removal from forming mold
222		. . . Surface treatment
223		. . . Reshaping (i.e., changing configuration)
224		. . . Heat and/or mechanical pressure
225		. . . . Boards or sheets
226		. . Applying heat to work on forming mold
227		. . Applying mechanical pressure to work on forming mold
228		. . Accretion from bulk
229		. . . Vibration of mold and/or slurry
230		. . Separation from mold or core
231		. Articles
232		APPARATUS
233		. Digester
234		. . With mechanical defibering means
235		. . . Concurrent
236		. . . . Continuous
237		. . Continuous
238		. . Automatic control
239		. . With recovery means
240		. . . With incinerator or evaporator
241		. . Plural
242		. . Combined
243		. . With pulp agitating or circulating means
244		. . . Rotating digester
245		. . Removable basket or retaining means
246		. . Charging and/or discharging means (including blow pits)
247		. . . Target, impact, explosion
248		. . Forced circulation or percolation of fluid only
249		. . . With heating
250		. . Heating means
251		. . Strainers
252		. Automatic control
253		. . Of plural operations
254		. . Of stock working device
255		. . Of lead strip former and/or break sensing
256		. . Of mold movement
257		. . . Transverse movement of wire
258		. . Of stock consistency
259		. . Of stock feed to forming device
260		. . Of product cutting device
261		. With beating, refining, and/or disintegrating means
262		. Electric controls or systems
263		. Measuring, testing, inspecting, indicating or illuminating
264		. White water or broke recovery, recirculation or treatment
265		. With coating or impregnating means (including printing)
266		. . Acting on product on mold
267		. Molding pulp and non-pulp insert or preform
268		. . Running or indefinite length work
269		. With product stacking or piling means
270		. Flexing, bending, straightening or decurling means
271		. . Sheet or web
272		. Apparatus repair, cleaning or conditioning
273		. . Wire changing and/or tensioning
274		. . Of porous or foraminous member (e.g., felt or mold)
275		. . . Means applying fluid
276		. . . . To cylinder
277		. . . . Reciprocating
278		. . . . . With suction means
279		. . . . And suction means
280		. Web creping or crinkling type
281		. . Cylinder and doctor
282		. . . Circumferentially grooved cylinder
283		. With product winding or reeling means
284		. . Tube winding type
285		. . . With tube cutting or slitting means
286		. With cutting, scoring, perforating or tearing
287		. With folding, rolling or twisting means
288		. Molding and burnishing means
289		. Running or indefinite length product forming and/or treating means
290		. . Molding and heat exchange means
291		. . Moving impermeable member applying stock to mold
292		. . Means flinging or projecting stock against mold
293		. . Product slides relative to molding surface (e.g., extrusion molding)
294		. . Mold intermittently moving relative to supply
295		. . Concave molding surface in longitudinal or transverse section
296		. . Irregular or configured molding surface (e.g., corrugated)
297		. . Pneumatic pressure or vacuum means acting directly on stock on mold surface
298		. . Plural separate streams of stock applied to mold
299		. . . Longitudinally spaced points of application
300		. . Plural molds or plural spaced areas of application on a single mold
301		. . . Common vat or stock feed
302		. . . . Tangent cylinder molds
303		. . . Molds converge to unit web
304		. . . Webs united on common carrier (e.g., felt)
305		. . Molds with subsequent separate pressing means
306		. . Means removing web product from molding surface
307		. . . Blow off acting through mold
308		. . Means treating stock on molding surface
309		. . . Irregular treating member or acting non-uniformly across web product
310		. . . . Fluid jet or suction means (e.g., shower deckle)
311		. . . Submerged in supply
312		. . . Solid treating member
313		. . . . Moving
314		. . . . . Rotary
315		. . Means directing stock into contact with molding surface
316		. . . On to under surface only of mold
317		. . . Confined stock stream on forming surface (e.g., pressure forming)
318		. . . Cylinder mold with endless forming belt about
319		. . . . Superposed or lateral stock pool
320		. . . Superposed or lateral stock pool type
321		. . . . Cylinder mold
322		. . . With diverse non-pulp material inlet
323		. . . Immersion vat type (e.g., cylinder machine vat)
324		. . . . Stock flow direction reversing means
325		. . . . Stock directed transversely of mold direction
326		. . . . Stock applied at plural points on mold periphery
327		. . . . Baffles diverting or directing flow against cylinder mold
328		. . . . . Concentric with cylinder
329		. . . . . . Adjustable to or from cylinder
330		. . . . Fluid level control
331		. . . . Side seals
332		. . . . Mold hanging
333		. . . . . Centerless
334		. . . . Mask, deckle or apron
335		. . . . With drain or suction means, for white water
336		. . . Flow box, slice, and/or approach flow
337		. . . . Recirculation skimming or excess stock take-off
338		. . . . Transversely crossing inlet into flow box
339		. . . . Closed to atmosphere
340		. . . . . Air cushion at above atmospheric pressure
341		. . . . Vibratile or moving member treating stock
342		. . . . . Immersed rotary member (e.g., rectifier roll)
343		. . . . With vanes or pulp stream dividing means
344		. . . . Slice
345		. . . . . Plural, longitudinally spaced
346		. . . . . Width adjustment
347		. . . . . Flexible or pivoted
348		. . Flexible endless band type mold (e.g., Fourdrinier)
349		. . . Concurrently moving back up
350		. . . Variable slope
351		. . . Means retarding or controlling drainage through mold
352		. . . . Wire bottom scrappers or deflectors
353		. . . Mask, deckle, or apron
354		. . . Table structure
355		. . . . Vibrating or shaking (e.g., shake frames)
356		. . . . . Perpendicular to plane of wire
357		. . Cylinder molds, per se
358.1		. . Press and felt
358.2		. . . With felt structure or felt composition
358.3		. . . Extended nip press
358.4		. . . . With impermeable belt structure or impermeable belt composition
358.5		. . . . With heating means
359.1		. . . With separate heated drying means
360.2		. . . Plural sequential presses
360.3		. . . . Having three or more coacting rolls (e.g., compact press, etc.)
361		. . Solid means acting on formed web
362		. . . Marking or embossing
363		. . Suction devices
364		. . . Systems
365		. . . Reciprocating
366		. . . Adjustable width
367		. . . Traveling suction face
368		. . . . Rotary pervious cylinder
369		. . . . . With non-rotating internal suction box
370		. . . . . . Plural suction areas
371		. . . . . . Box carried seals
372		. . . . . Shell structure
373		. . . Roller face (suction not through rollers)
374		. . . Wear face structures and materials
375		. With heat exchange means
376		. . Heated foraminous forming mold
377		. . Heated die
378		. . . Contacting work on forming mold
379		. . . . Plural successive heated dies
380		. Slurry supply conditioning or condition maintaining
381		. Combined
382		. Foraminous forming mold for discrete articles (pulp molding)
383		. . Differing areas of porosity or of suction on single mold surface (including masking)
384		. . Centrifugal
385		. . With moving slurry supply container
386		. . With handle or hand grip
387		. . Accretion from bulk (i.e., immersed mold)
388		. . . Means moving mold through, into or out of slurry
389		. . . . Relatively moving or separate mold and suction backup
390		. . . . Plural and/or compartmented slurry container
391		. . . . Rotary or swinging carrier
392		. . . . . With compressor
393		. . . . Reciprocating carrier
394		. . . . . With compressor
395		. . . . With compressor
396		. . Press felting (i.e., pressure member acting on pulp on mold)
397		. . . Plural molds (cavities)
398		. . . . Plate or sheet type (i.e., opposed flat platens)
399		. . . Plate or sheet type
400		. . . . With cores (e.g., molding of apertured plates)
401		. . . Flexible diaphragm
402		. . . . About foraminous core
403		. . . Contracting matrix
404		. . . . About foraminous core
405		. . . Expanding and/or contracting core
406		. . . About foraminous core
407		. . Mold charging means
408		. . . Pressure charging
409		. . . Plural discrete areas of mold
410		. . Article ejecting
411		. . Dipping molds, per se
415		. Compressor
416		. . Configured die (non-planar)
		******************************
		CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
		******************************
900		PAPERMAKING PRESS FELTS
901		IMPERMEABLE BELTS FOR EXTENDED NIP PRESS
902		WOVEN FABRIC FOR PAPERMAKING DRIER SECTION
903		PAPER FORMING MEMBER (E.G., FOURDRINIER, SHEET FORMING MEMBER, ETC.)
904		WITH SPECIFIED SEAM STRUCTURE OF PAPERMAKING BELT
		******************************
		DIGESTS
		******************************
DIG 2		Chip soaking
DIG 3		Wetting agent
DIG 4		Pitch control
DIG 5		Alpha cellulose
DIG 6		Moisture and basic weight
DIG 7		Water collectors (e.g., save-alls)
DIG 8		Chlorine-containing liquid regeneration
DIG 9		Uses for paper making sludge
DIG 10		. Computer control of paper making variables
DIG 11		. . Wet end paper making variables
DIG 12		Seasoning

Information Products Division -- Contacts

Questions regarding this report should be directed to:

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231

tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov

---

Last Modified: 6 October 2000