U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 562
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES
Class Definition:
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein H
of -OH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal, or
by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen, sulfur nitrogen and group
IA or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein H
of -OH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal, or
by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen, nitrogen, and group IA or
IIA light metals.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Products wherein
the percarboxylic acid is mixed with a stabilizing or
preserving agent, whose sole function is to prevent physical
or chemical change.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Processes which
involve the formation of the -C(=O)-O-O-H group, or the
formation of a salt of this group.
(1) Note. The formation of the salt is classified here
regardless of whether the salt is made from the-C(=O)-O-O-H
group, or if it is made by other means.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes
wherein an aldehyde or a percarboxylic acid ester is used as
a reactant.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes
wherein a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid salt is used
as a reactant.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... in which boron is attached directly to -XH by
nonionic bonding, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium) and H of -XH may be replaced
by a Group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted or
unsubstituted ammonium.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing, chalcogens, nitrogen, and group IA
or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein -XH is bonded directly to phosphorus
by nonionic bonding; the X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium) and -H of -XH may be replaced
by a Group IA or IIA light metal or by substituted or
unsubstituted ammonium (i.e., phosphorus acid or salt
thereof).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 213-225 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen,
phosphorus, nitrogen, and group IA or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds in
which sulfur is attached directly to the phosphorus by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds
wherein nitrogen is attached directly to the phosphorus by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds
wherein nitrogen is attached indirectly to the phosphorus by
nonionic bonding.
[figure]
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compounds in
which at least two atoms of phosphorus are attached
indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Compounds in
which at least two phosphorus atoms are bonded directly to
the same carbon.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Compounds
wherein additional nitrogen is attached indirectly to the
phosphorus by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compounds in
which the nitrogen is bonded directly to a -C(=X)-group,
wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compounds
wherein the nitrogen and the phosphorus are bonded directly
to the same carbon.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Compounds
wherein the nitrogen is bonded directly to an additional
acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain to which a -C(=X)X-
group is also bonded directly, wherein the X's may be the
same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes
whereby a compound which contains a nitrogen-heterocyclo is
utilized in the preparation.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds in
which the phosphorus is a ring member.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds in
which at least two phosphorus atoms are attached indirectly
to each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Compounds
wherein the plural phosphorus atoms are bonded directly to
the same carbon.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes for
the preparation of compounds having plural phosphorus atoms
bonded directly to the same carbon or for the treatment of
such compounds.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds
wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) is attached indirectly to the phosphorus atom by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Compounds in
which the chalcogen is in a -C(=X)- group.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compounds in
which halogen is attached indirectly to the phosphorus atom
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein
the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium), at least one X is sulfur, and
H of -XH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal or
by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen, nitrogen, and group IA
or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Compounds
wherein the carbon of the -C(=X)XH group, or of its salt, is
bonded directly to nitrogen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Processes
wherein carbon disulfide is used.
(1) Note. Carbon disulfide is: [figure]
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein H
of -SH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal, or
by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing sulfur, nitrogen, and group IA or
IIA light metals.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, sulfonate,
wherein the single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to
hydrogen, or to a Group IA or IIA light metal, or to
substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 206-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and group IA or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds which
contain the hydrophenanthrene ring system.
(1) Note. The hydrophenanthrene ring system is depicted by
the following structure, in which at least one of the rings
is not a benzene ring: [figure]
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes
wherein lignites, leonardites, coal, humic acids, bark or
pitch is sulfonated to form a sulfonic acid or salt thereof,
or the reaction products of such processes.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfur of the sulfonate group is bonded directly
to carbon of petroleum.
(1) Note. Petroleum is considered as a naturally occurring
mixture of gaseous, liquid and/or solid hydrocarbons.
(2) Note. In the case of distillable petroleum, a fraction
taken over a certain boiling point range is regarded as
within the scope of this subclass, if sulfonated.
(3) Note. Specific sulfonated compounds, even if identified
as having been derived from petroleum or petroleum fractions,
are classified with the appropriate compound as provided
for.
(4) Note. Some specific types of petroleum products which,
if sulfonated, are classified herein are: rhigolene,
petroleum ether, gasoline, naphtha, ligroine, benzine,
kerosene, lubricating oils, paraffin oil and icthyol.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Products
wherein the single bonded oxygen of a petroleum sulfonate
group is bonded directly to organic nitrogen by ionic
bonding.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to boron
or phosphorus by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein
are: [figure] [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfur of the sulfonate group is attached
directly to chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) or to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, by nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfur of the sulfonate group is attached
directly to nitrogen by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes
wherein an inorganic sulfamic acid, or a salt of an inorganic
sulfamic acid, is used.
(1) Note. An example of a process provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes which
involve the formation of the following group, wherein
substitution may be made for hydrogen only: [figure]
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Compounds
wherein the single bonded oxygen of the sulfonate group is
bonded directly to organic nitrogen by ionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to a
benzene ring by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Compounds
wherein the acyclic chain between the benzene ring and the
sulfonate sulfur has a noncarbon atom as a chain member.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Compounds
wherein the acyclic chain has nitrogen as a chain member.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Compounds
wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, is also a
member of the acyclic chain.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate sulfur is bonded directly to a benzene
ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly by
nonionic bonding to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e.,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium).
(1) Note. An example of compounds provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Compounds
wherein the -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to nitrogen or
to chalcogen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Compounds
wherein each nitrogen of a -NH-C(=X)-NH- group, wherein X is
chalcogen and substitution may be made for hydrogen only, is
bonded directly to a benzene ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Compounds
wherein the -NH-C(=X)-NH- group is bonded directly to at
least one benzene ring that is part of a naphthalene ring
system.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Compounds
wherein the -NH-C(=X)-NH- is attached indirectly to plural
naphthalene ring systems by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Compounds which
contain the following group, wherein substitution may be made
for hydrogen only: [figure]
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to plural
-C(=X)- groups by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Compounds
wherein a -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to two carbon
atoms.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded directly to more than one
-C(=X)- group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Compounds
wherein the -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to an acyclic
carbon.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Compounds
wherein the -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to chalcogen in
a -C(=X)X- group, in which the X's may be the same or diverse
chalcogens.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
nitrogen by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
nitrogen by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein plural benzene rings are bonded to each other or to
the same acyclic carbon.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds which
contain the following group, wherein substitution may be made
for hydrogen only: [figure]
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein a nitrogen atom is bonded to more than one benzene
ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Compounds
wherein each of two benzene rings is bonded directly to two
nitrogen atoms.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Compounds
wherein the nitrogen is bonded directly to a benzene ring
that is part of a naphthalene ring system.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded directly to oxygen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein the nitrogen is bonded directly to sulfonyl:
[figure]
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is attached indirectly to the nitrogen
by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is further attached indirectly to
an additional nitrogen by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein the sulfur of the sulfonate group is bonded directly
to a polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Compounds
wherein the polycyclo ring system is bonded directly to a
nitro or nitroso group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Compounds
wherein the polycyclo ring system is bonded directly to
oxygen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Compounds
wherein the polycyclo ring system is bonded directly to
plural sulfonate groups.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Compounds
wherein the polycyclo ring system is bonded directly to
halogen, to plural nitrogens, or to plural sulfonate groups.
(1) Note. Examples of compound provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded directly to nitro or to
halogen.
(1) Note. Examples of compound provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly by
nonionic bonding to a chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur,
selenium, or tellurium) that is not part of a sulfonate
group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
(2) Note. Compounds within the scope of this subclass and
its indents may contain plural sulfonate groups, provided the
required nonsulfonate chalcogen is present.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein the nonsulfonate chalcogen is bonded directly to two
benzene rings.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein the nonsulfonate chalcogen is bonded directly to
plural carbons.
(1) Note. Examples of compound provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is attached indirectly to a hydroxy
group or to a nonsulfonate sulfur by acyclic nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to halogen
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein oxygen and the sulfonate group are bonded directly to
the same polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Compounds
wherein the polycyclo ring system consisting of benzene rings
is bonded directly to an additional sulfonate group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded directly to more than one
oxygen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded directly to each of the
sulfonate group, oxygen, and alkyl of at least four carbons.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to halogen
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the single bonded oxygen of the sulfonate group is
bonded directly to organic nitrogen by ionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds
wherein the organic nitrogen is attached indirectly by
nonionic bonding to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e.,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Compounds
wherein the organic nitrogen is part of a cation containing
carbon double bonded to nitrogen.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds which
contain unsaturation between acyclic carbon atoms.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain is
bonded directly to plural benzene rings, or two benzene rings
are bonded directly to each other.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is bonded directly to a polycyclo
ring system consisting of benzene rings.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Processes
wherein naphthalene, per se, or an alkyl substituted
naphthalene, is sulfonated.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compounds
wherein a benzene ring is bonded to both the sulfonate group,
and to alkyl of at least four carbons.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Products
wherein the sulfonic acid or salt thereof is mixed with
stabilizing or preserving agent, whose sole function is to
prevent physical or chemical change, or with a color or odor
affecting additive, whose sole function is to improve color
or odor qualities.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes which
include the step of alkylating a benzene ring, and the
products of such processes.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Processes
wherein an olefin is used as the alkylating agent.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes which
include the step of sulfonating a benzene ring.
(1) Note. Sulfonating agents which can be used include
sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, and oleum.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
wherein the sulfonic acid, or salt thereof, is separated from
impurities or from the reaction mixture.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
wherein a sulfonic acid is converted to a salt thereof, or a
salt of a sulfonic acid is converted to the free acid.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Processes
wherein sulfur trioxide or oleum is used to sulfonate a
benzene ring.
(1) Note. Oleum is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and
sulfuric acid.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Processes
wherein sulfuric acid is used to sulfonate a benzene ring.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached directly or
indirectly to a polycyclo alicyclic ring system by nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to an
additional sulfonate group by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate groups are attached indirectly to
nitrogen or to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium), by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate groups are attached indirectly to
plural nonsulfonate chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur,
selenium or tellurium) by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
-C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur,
selenium or tellurium), by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to plural
nitrogens or to plural -C(=X)-groups by acyclic nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) by
acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to
chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) by
acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Compounds
wherein the chalcogen, X, is double bonded to carbon in a
-C(=X)- group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to plural
chalcogens by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Compounds
wherein the chalcogen is bonded directly to plural carbons.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Compounds
wherein the single bonded oxygen of the sulfonate group is
bonded directly to organic nitrogen by ionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the sulfonate group is attached indirectly to halogen
by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Compounds
wherein the single bonded oxygen of the sulfonate group is
bonded directly to organic nitrogen by ionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes which
are directed to the preparation, purification, recovery, or
treatment in any way of a sulfonic acid or of a sulfonic acid
salt.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes
which involve formation of carbon-to-carbon unsaturation,
hydrogenation or decarboxylation.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes
wherein sulfonic acids are formed by conversion of sulfur
containing hetero ring compounds.
(1) Note. An example of a process provided for herein is
the conversion of an alkyl sultone to an alkene sulfonic acid
by hydrolysis.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes
wherein sulfonic acids are formed by oxidation of organic
sulfur compounds.
(1) Note. An example of a process provided for herein is
the nitric acid oxidation of a disulphide compound.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes
which involve the hydrolysis of sulfonyl halides.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes
wherein sulfonic acids, or salts of sulfonic acids, are
formed by using inorganic sulfonating agents.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes
wherein oxygen and sulfur dioxide are utilized.
(1) Note. An example of a process provided for herein is
the reaction of an alkane with oxygen and sulfur dioxide to
form alkane sulfonic acid.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes
wherein an unsaturated hydrocarbon is reacted with sulfurous
acid or with a salt thereof.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes
wherein halosulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, oleum or sulfur
trioxide is used.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes
wherein a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof is separated from
impurities or from the reaction mixture.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the two following
groups: sulfinate or sulfenate, wherein, in either case, the
single bonded oxygen is bonded directly to hydrogen, to a
Group IA or IIA light metal, or to substituted or
unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 206-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and group IA or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Compounds
wherein a sulfinate group is attached indirectly to nitrogen
by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
400
Carboxylic acids and salts thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein the acid function is a carboxyl group
or a salt thereof.
(1) Note. Classification of salt formation from an acid or
acid formation from the salt.
As a general rule a multistep synthesis is classified on the
basis of the product produced by the last step of the
synthesis. The formation of a salt from the corresponding
acid or the "springing" of the acid from the corresponding
salt is a synthesis step. However, these steps are so
commonly used in final recovery procedures of a synthesis,
that classification of a process on the basis of the general
rule would result in distortion of the placement of patents
where special process subclasses have been provided.
(a) In this classification, where special process subclasses
have been provided and the last step of a claimed process
appropriate thereto recites a salt formation or a hydrolysis
of the salt to the acid, the patent has been placed in the
appropriate process subclass.
(b) As a general rule, a claimed process which combines
synthesis steps with purification or recovery is classified
with the synthesis. In those cases where a subclass has been
provided for purification or recovery, per se, and the
claimed process appropriate thereto recites a broadly defined
salt formation of the correspondidng acid or a broadly
defined hydrolysis of a salt to the corresponding acid, the
patent has been placed in the appropriate purification or
recovery subclass. Where the claimed purification or
recovery recites a significant salt formation step or a
significant hydrolysis of a salt to the corresponding acid,
the patent has been placed in the appropriate product
subclass and cross-referenced to the purification or recovery
subclass.
(2) Note. This subclass is residual for alicyclic
carboxylic acids not provided for in subclasses 497-511.
(3) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
401
Racemization or separation of optical isomers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Processes
directed to the racemization or separation of optical isomers
and includes the separation of diastereomers as well as the
resolution of racemic mixtures of enantiomers.
(1) Note. This subclass contains patents wherein the
separation is carried out by a chemical reaction, such as
with a resolving agent, followed by physical separation and
regeneration of the desired isomeric component.
Subclass:
402
Physical resolution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Processes
wherein the separation is performed solely by physical means
such as fractional crystallization.
Subclass:
403
Hydrophenanthrene nucleus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
which contain a hydrophenanthrene nucleus, not elsewhere
provided.
(1) Note. Many of the patents found here are directed to
compounds wherein the acid is obtained from a natural resin
and has a known chemical structure as well as chemical
modifications not provided for elsewhere.
(2) Note. The chemical treatment of a natural resin,
followed by separation of a modified free natural resin acid
of known chemical structure as a single chemical compound, is
classified herein as is the product of such process.
(3) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Natural Reaction Products Thereof, 200
for separation of free natural resin acid mixtures, or of
free natural resin acid of indeterminate struction from the
natural resin.
540, through 549,Organic Compounds, appropriate subclasses,
for a free natural resin acid of known chemical structure
which contains a heterocyclic group.
556, Organic Compounds, 1, for heavy metal salts of free
natural resin acids of known chemical structure.
Subclass:
404
1,4a-dimethyl hydrophenanthrene-1 carboxylic acids or salts
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Compounds
which contain the 1,4a-dimethyl hydrophenanthrene-1
carboxylic acid nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
405
Aromatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a benzene nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
403 for carboxylic acids and salts thereof wherein the acids
contain a hydrophenanthrene nucleus and have a known chemical
structure not elsewhere provided for, as for example,
dihydroabietic acid or dehydroabietic acid.
Subclass:
406
Preparation by carbonylation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein an aromatic carboxylic acid is prepared through
formation of a carboxyl group on an aromatic compound by
reaction with carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
407
Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein a carboxyl group of an aromatic acid is formed by
oxidation.
(1) Note. The term "oxidation" as utilized here includes
processes where an oxidizing agent is utilized, as well as
processes such as the dehydrogenation of alcohols and the
hydrolysis of aromatic halo alkyl compounds. However, the
formation of a carboxyl group by hydrolysis of functional
derivatives of a carboxyl group are found in the product and
process subclasses provided for the appropriate acid.
(2) Note. This subclass contains patents directed to the
formation of aromatic carboxylic acids by oxidation of
carbonaceous materials such as coal or coke.
Subclass:
408
Of aromatic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Process
wherein a carboxyl group is formed by oxidizing an aromatic
compound.
(1) Note. This subclass contains processes of preparing
aromatic carboxylic acids by oxidation of compounds, such as
phenanthrene or trichlorobenzylamine.
Subclass:
409
Alkyl side chain oxidized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the carboxyl group is formed by oxidation of an alkyl
side chain of an aromatic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains processes wherein the
oxidizing agent is, for example, potassium permanganate,
chromic acid or its salts or manganese dioxide.
Subclass:
410
Nitrogen containing oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent utilized contains nitrogen, as
for example, nitric acid or oxides of nitrogen.
Subclass:
411
Sulfur containing oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent utilized is sulfur or a sulfur
containing compound.
Subclass:
412
Air, O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], or O[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] Oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent utilized is air, oxygen, or
ozone.
Subclass:
413
Multistage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Processes
wherein the oxidation is carried out in plural sequential
stages.
(1) Note. These processes include the use of multiple
reactors where the product of oxidation in a first reactor is
passed to a second reactor and further oxidized or may be
carried out in a single reactor where the conditions for a
second stage of oxidation are changed.
Subclass:
414
With recycle or recovery of reaction component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Processes
wherein components of the product of oxidation may be
separated, further treated, and either recycled to the
reaction chamber or recovered.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes which claim a
significant recovery step to produce the desired carboxylic
acid or are directed to recovery and recycling of solvents,
catalysts, or unoxidized or incompletely oxidized starting
materials.
Subclass:
415
Gas phase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Processes
wherein the oxidation is conducted in a gas or vapor phase.
Subclass:
416
Halogen containing catalyst, initiator, or promoter
utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Processes
wherein the oxidation process is carried out in the presence
of a catalyst, or initiator or promoter which contains a
halogen.
Subclass:
417
Initiator or promoter used with catalyst:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Processes
wherein the oxidation is carried out with a catalyst and an
additional material which may reduce the induction period or
promote or regulate the oxidation rate to improve the yield
or shorten the reaction time.
Subclass:
418
Of oxy or carbonyl containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the aromatic compounds which are oxidized contain an
oxy group or a carbonyl group, such as, for example, aralkyl
alcohols or aldehydes.
Subclass:
419
Hypohalite as oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent is a hypohalite, such as, for
example, sodium hypochlorite.
Subclass:
420
Nitrogen containing oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent contains nitrogen, as for
example, nitric acid or oxides of nitrogen.
Subclass:
421
Air, O[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], or O[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] Oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Processes
wherein the oxidizing agent is air, oxygen, or ozone.
Subclass:
422
Of halo alkyl containing compounds:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the carboxyl group is formed by oxidizing a halo
alkyl side chain of an aromatic compound.
Subclass:
423
Preparation by carbonation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein an aromatic carboxylic acid is produced by reacting
an aromatic compound with carbon dioxide or a material which
will produce carbon dioxide under the reaction conditions,
such as a carbonate.
Subclass:
424
Of alkali metal phenolates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Processes
wherein an alkali metal phenolate is reacted with carbon
dioxide to produce an aromatic hydroxy acid, as for example,
the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
Subclass:
425
Having plural rings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 424. Processes
wherein the alkali metal phenolate contains plural rings, as
for example, a naphtholate which will produce a hydroxy
naphthoic acid under the conditions of reaction.
Subclass:
426
Sulfur:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the aromatic carboxylic acid contains sulfur,
covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
427
Polycyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Compounds
wherein the acid contains at least two carbocyclic groups
which are joined through two orthopositioned carbon atoms or
through a bridge.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
428
Indenyl or hydrindenyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Processes
which contain the indenyl or hydrindenyl nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
429
Sulfoxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Compounds
which contain sulfur bonded to oxygen and includes the groups
-SO, -SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] and -SO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]X, where X is halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for aliphatic compounds containing a sulfonic acid
group.
Subclass:
430
Nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Compounds
wherein the acid also contains nitrogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
431
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, in side chain having sulfur bonded
directly to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Compounds
wherein the carboxyl group is attached to a side chain which
contains sulfur bonded directly to a ring.
(1) Note. In this and subsequent subclasses, where the term
"side chain" is used, it is intended to mean an acyclic chain
uninterrupted by a cylic formation.
(2) Note. When the same sulfur atom is directly attached to
one carbocyclic nucleus and indirectly attached to a second
carbocyclic nucleus, it will always be considered as directly
attached for classification, e.g., [figure]
(3) Note. This subclass includes, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
432
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Compounds
wherein a carboxyl group is attached directly to a ring.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
433
Nitrogen bonded directly to carbon of organic radical (e.g.,
amino acids, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen bonded directly to a
carbon of an organic radical not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
434
Nitro or nitroso:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the nitro group (-NO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]) or the nitroso group (-NO) bonded to carbon.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
435
Plural rings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carbocyclic group, at
least one of which is aromatic.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
436
Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei directly
attached to the same carbonyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
437
Plural nitrogens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an additional nitrogen covalently
bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
438
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a halogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
439
Ureido, guanido, or hydrazine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the ureido group (N-C(=O) -N), the
guanido group (N-C(=N)-N) or the hydrazine group (N-N).
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example. [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
440
Nitrogen double bonded directly to carbon (e.g. amidine,
ketimine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an amidine group (-C(=N)-N) or the
group -C=N- equivalent in structure to those formed by
reacting an aldehyde or a ketone with ammonia or an amine.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
441
Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei directly
attached to the same carbon, which may be the carbon of a
methylene or a carbonyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
442
Nitrogen not bonded directly to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen which is not directly
bonded to a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. When the same nitrogen is directly attached to
one carbocyclic nucleus and indirectly attached to a second
carbocyclic nucleus, it will always be considered as directly
attached for classification, e.g., [figure]
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
443
In same chain as carboxyl, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a nitrogen which is in or attached
to the same side chain that contains a carboxyl group, but is
not attached directly to a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
444
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the group -OX attached to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a non-carbonyclic C, H, or
an alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
445
Phenyl alanines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a phenyl alanine group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
446
Di-oxy phenyl alanines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two -OX groups, each of which is
attached directly to the phenyl of the phenyl alanine group,
where X is a noncarbonylic C, H, or an alcoholate forming
group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
447
Phenoxyphenyl alanines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a phenoxy group attached to the
phenyl of the phenyl alanine.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
448
Plural nitrogens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one covalently bonded
nitrogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
449
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains halogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
450
Amide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the carbonyl residue of a
carboxylic acid attached to a nitrogen to form an amide
(-C(O)N).
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
451
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group bonded to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a noncarbonylic carbon, H,
or an alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
452
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group bonded to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a noncarbonylic C, H, or an
alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example. [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
453
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, nitrogen and oxygen all bonded
directly to the same benzene ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen, an oxy group, and a
carboxyl group, all attached directly to the same benzene
ring.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
454
Aryl-N-Aryl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two aromatic nuclei attached to the
same nitrogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
455
Amide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the carbonylic residue of a
carboxylic acid directly attached to a nitrogen, forming an
amide.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
456
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
457
Plural rings with nitrogen bonded directly to at least one
ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carbocyclic group and
nitrogen is bonded directly to at least one of them.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
458
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carboxyl group bonded directly to
a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
459
Aldehyde or ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the group -C( O) X bonded to
carbon, where X is C or H, i.e., aldehyde or ketone group
containing acids.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
460
Two rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei bonded
directly to one carbonyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
461
Polycyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two or more carbocyclic nuclei
joined to each other through two orthopositioned carbons or
through a bridge.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
462
Bicyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei joined to
each other through two orthopositioned carbons or through a
bridge.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
463
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group attached to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is noncarbonylic C, H, or an
alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
464
Phenoxy alkanoic acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carboxyl group on a side chain
containing an oxy group directly bonded to a benzene ring.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
465
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group attached to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a noncarbonylic C, H, or an
alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
466
Polycyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two or more carbocyclic nuclei
which are joined to each other through two orthopositioned
carbons or through a bridge.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
467
Carboxyl bonded directly to naphthylene ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a naphthylene nucleus having a
carboxyl group directly bonded to it.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
468
Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei bonded to
one methylene group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
469
Rings bonded directly to each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei joined to
each other by one covalent bond.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
470
Oxy, not bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as
carboxyl, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an oxy group, which is not bonded
directly to a carbocyclic group and which is in or bonded to
a side chain which contains a carboxyl group.
(1) Note. When the same oxygen is directly bonded to one
carbocyclic nucleus and indirectly bonded to a second
carbocyclic nucleus, it will always be considered as directly
bonded for classification, e.g., [figure]
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
471
Oxy, bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as
carboxyl, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an oxy group which is directly
bonded to a carbocyclic nucleus and is in a side chain which
contains a carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
472
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
473
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, bonded directly to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carboxyl group bonded directly to
a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
474
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
475
Phenolic hydroxy or metallate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group directly bonded to a
benzene ring, where X is H or a metal not provided for
above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
476
Poly phenolic hydroxy or metallate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one -OX group bonded
directly to a benzene ring, where X is H or a metal not
provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
477
Salicylic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. The compound,
which is salicylic acid or its salts and processes for its
preparation not provided for above. [figure]
Subclass:
478
Phenolic hydroxy or metallate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group bonded directly to a
benzene ring, where X is an H or a metal not provided for
above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
479
Decarboxylation of polycarboxylic acid or salt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein a carboxyl group of a polycarboxylic acid or an
anhydride thereof is destroyed to produce an aromatic
carboxylic acid, as for example, the production of benzoic
acid from phthalic acid.
Subclass:
480
Polycarboxylic acids or salts thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
481
Prepared by disproportionation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
wherein the alkali metal salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid
is reacted under conditions wherein one molecule is
decarboxylated and another molecule carboxylated. For
example, in the Henkel Reaction sodium benzoate will produce
benzene and phthalic acid.
Subclass:
482
Preparation by isomerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by isomerization, as for
example, in the Henkel Rearrangement Reaction wherein
phthalic acid is isomerized to terephthalic acid.
Subclass:
483
Preparation by hydrolysis of amide, anhydride, or ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by hydrolysis of an amide, an
anhydride, or an ester.
(1) Note. The production of a polycarboxylic acid by
hydrolysis of its corresponding salt is placed in the
appropriate product subclass.
Subclass:
484
Preparation by hydrolysis of nitrile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by hydrolysis of a nitrile.
Subclass:
485
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
which are directed to the purification, separation, or
recovery of aromatic polycarboxylic acids.
(1) Note. See subclasses 408+, and particularly subclass
414 for patents which claim the combination of formation of a
carboxyl group by oxidation followed by a significant
purification or recovery step.
(2) Note. See (1) Note (b) under subclass 400 for the
placement of patents claiming the purification or recovery of
an acid combined with a salt forming or salt hydrolysis
step.
Subclass:
486
By crystallization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Processes
wherein the purification or recovery involves a significant
crystallization step.
Subclass:
487
By reaction of undesired component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Processes
wherein the purification or recovery of the acid includes the
reaction of an undesired component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 28 for processes
involving reaction of an impurity following by distillation
to recover a desired product.
Subclass:
488
Plural rings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Compounds
wherein the acid cotains more than one carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
489
Carboxyl not directly attached to a ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carbocyclic group which is not
directly bonded to a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
490
Naphthyl group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the naphthyl nucleus or its
partially hydrogenated form and only one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. See subclass 488 for compounds containing the
naphthyl group and more than one carboxyl group.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
491
Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei bonded to
one methylene group and has only one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
492
Rings bonded directly to each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two carbocyclic nuclei joined to
each other by one covalent bond and only one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
493
Monocyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Compounds
wherein the acid contains only one carbocyclic nucleus, which
is a benzene ring and only one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
494
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of
aromatic monocyclic monocarboxylic acids.
Subclass:
495
Additional unsaturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Compounds
wherein the acid coantains ethylenic or acetylenic
unsaturation.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
496
Carboxyl, or salt thereof, not bonded directly to the ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carboxyl group not directly
bonded to the benzene ring.
(1) Note. This subclass contains for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
497
Preparing alicyclic acids by carbonylation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Processes
wherein an alicyclic carboxylic acid is prepared through
formation of a carboxyl group on an alicyclic compound by
reaction with carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
498
Plural alicyclic rings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one alicyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
552, Organic Compounds, subclass 653 for acids of Vitamin D
and 3-5 cyclovitamin D compounds, etc.
Subclass:
499
Tricyclo ring system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Compounds
wherein the acid contains three alicyclic nuclei joined to
each other through two orthopositioned carbons or by a
bridge.
(1) Note. See subclasses 403+ for carboxylic acids where
the tricyclo ring system is hydrophenanthrene.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
500
Two rings only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Compounds
wherein the acid contains only two alicyclic nuclei.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
501
Orthofused:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compounds
wherein the acid contains two alicyclic nuclei joined to each
other through two orthopositioned carbons.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
502
2,2,1-Bicyclo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a 2,2,1-bicyclo ring system.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
503
Cyclopentyl (e.g., prostoglandins, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a cyclopentyl nucleus, as for
example, prostoglandins.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
504
Cyclopentyl-(C)[subscrpt]x[end subscrpt] - COOH; x=0-2:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a carboxyl group which is directly
bonded to a cyclopentyl nucleus or is attached thereto
through a chain of no more than two carbons.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
505
Cyclobutyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a cyclobutyl nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
506
Cyclopropyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a cyclopropyl nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
507
Alicyclic acids having an element other than oxygen, carbon,
or hydrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an alicyclic nucleus not provided
for above and contains a covalently bonded element other than
oxygen, carbon, or hydrogen, as for example, N, S, P, B or
halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
508
Alicyclic acids having an oxy, aldehyde, or ketone group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an alicyclic nucleus not provided
for above and contains the -OX group attached to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a non-carbonylic C, H, or an
alcoholate forming group not provided for above; or a -C (=O)
X group bonded to carbon, where X is C or H.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
509
Alicyclic polycarboxylic acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an alicyclic nucleus not provided
for above and contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
510
Alicyclic acids having unsaturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an alicyclic nucleus not provided
for above and contains a double or triple bond.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
511
Naphthenic acids or salts thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
known as naphthenic acids derived from crude naphthene
containing mineral oils and their salts.
Subclass:
512
Acyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Compounds
wherein the acid contains no carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. Cyclic polyvalent metal salts of acyclic
polycarboxylic acids are considered acyclic for this
classification.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
562, Organic Compounds, 512.2 for the production of acyclic
carboxylic acids by partial oxidation of hydrocarbon
mixtures.
Subclass:
512.2
Preparing by oxidation of hydrocarbon mixtures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes for
producing acyclic carboxylic acids by oxidizing a mixture of
hydrocarbons.
Subclass:
512.4
Plural -COO- Groups in Compound Formed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512.2. Processes
wherein a compound having two or more -C(=O)O- groups is
formed.
Subclass:
513
Preparation from source of undetermined composition (e.g.,
industrial waste, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes for
producing acyclic carboxylic acids from sources of
undetermined compositions, e.g., industrial wastes such as
distillery slops, fermentation residues, and waste sulphite
liquor. Examples of acids produced from these sources are
acetic, oxalic, and glutamic acids and their salts.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes the production of
betaine hydrochloride form residual liquors of the beet
industry.
Subclass:
514
Nitrogen containing acid produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Processes
wherein the acids produced contain nitrogen.
Subclass:
515
Preparation by degradation of carbohydrates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes
wherein the acids are produced by degradation of
carbohydrates, e.g., paperpulp, sawdust, and sugars. Some of
the acids produced are acetic, tartaric, lactic, and oxalic.
(1) Note. For the recovery of acetic acid from pyroligneous
liquor (wood distillate), see subclasses 607+.
(2) Note. Reactions involving carbohydrates, other than
degradation, are found in the appropriate subclasses provided
therefor. For example, the production of acyclic carboxylic
acids by oxidation of a monosaccharide are in subclasses
523+, especially in subclasses 527 and 531+. The reaction of
glucose with HCN followed by hydrolysis to produce a polyoxy
carboxylic acid is in subclass 587.
(3) Note. The oxidation of a polysaccharide to produce a
carboxylate without degradation is in Class 536, Organic
Compounds, in the appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
516
Preparation by hydrolysis of proteins:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes
wherein the acids are produced by the degradation of proteins
such as gluten, casein, keratin, and zein.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes patents which claim
the recovery of acids from protein hydrolysates without
reciting the actual step of hydrolysis.
(2) Note. See subclass 554 for the purification or recovery
of amino acids from sources other than protein hydrolysates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 656 for foods containing amino acids and processes
for producing the same.
Subclass:
517
Preparation by carbonylation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes
wherein the acyclic carboxylic acid is produced through
formation of a carboxyl group on an acyclic organic compound
by reaction with carbon monoxide.
(1) Note. See subclasses 597 and 609 for carbonylation of
inorganic compounds to produce oxalic and formic acids,
respectively.
Subclass:
518
Of aldehyde or ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by reacting an aldehyde or
ketone with carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
519
Of alcohol or alcoholate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by reacting an alcohol or
alcoholate with carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
520
Of halogenated hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by reacting a halogenated
hydrocarbon with carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
521
Of hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by reacting a hydrocarbon with
carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
522
Group VIII Metal Containing Catalyst Utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Processes
wherein the carbonylation is carried out with a Group VIII
metal catalyst.
(1) Note. The Group VIII metals includes Fe, Co, and Ni and
the noble metals Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, and Pt.
Subclass:
523
Formation of carboxyl group by oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes
wherein the carboxyl group of an acyclic acid is formed by
oxidation.
(1) Note. The term "oxidation" as used here is identical
with that set forth in subclass 407.
Subclass:
524
Of carboxylic acid or ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a carboxylic acid
or ester.
Subclass:
525
Of oxy acid or ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an oxy acid or
ester.
Subclass:
526
Of nitrogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a nitrogen
containing compound.
Subclass:
527
Of ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a ketone.
Subclass:
528
Cyclic ketone or mixture thereof with cyclic alcohol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a cyclic ketone or
a mixture of a cyclic ketone with a cyclic alcohol.
Subclass:
529
Two stage oxidation from hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a hydrocarbon in a
first state to produce a cyclic ketone or a mixture thereof
with a cyclic alcohol, followed by a second stage oxidation
of the first stage product to produce acyclic carboxylic
acids.
Subclass:
530
With recycle or recovery of reaction component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Processes
wherein components of the reaction product are separated,
further treated, or recycled to the reactor or recovered.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes which claim a
significant recovery step to produce the desired acyclic
carboxylic acid or are directed to recovery or recycle of
solvents, catalysts, or unoxidized starting materials.
Subclass:
531
Of aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an aldehyde.
Subclass:
532
Producing unsaturated acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes
wherein the acid produced is an unsaturated acyclic
carboxylic acid.
Subclass:
533
Liquid phase oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the unsaturated acyclic carboxylic acid is produced
by oxidation of an aldehyde in the liquid phase.
Subclass:
534
Group VIII Metal Containing Catalyst Utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the unsaturated acid is produced by oxidizing an
aldheyde utilizing a Group VIII metal containing catalyst.
Subclass:
535
Group V Metal Containing Catalyst Utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Processes
wherein the unsaturated acid is produced by oxidizing an
aldehyde utilizing a Group V metal containing catalyst.
(1) Note. The Group V metals are V, Nb, Ta, Pa, As, Sb, and
Bi.
Subclass:
536
Producing acetic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes
wherein the acid produced by oxidizing an aldehyde is acetic
acid.
Subclass:
537
Of ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an ether including
cyclic ethers.
Subclass:
538
Of alcohol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an alcohol.
(1) Note. The production of an acyclic carboxylic acid by
the oxidation of a phenol is in subclass 523.
Subclass:
539
Caustic oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an alcohol with
caustic, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.
Subclass:
540
Nitrogen containing oxidant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing the alcohol with a
nitrogen containing oxidant such as nitric acid or the oxides
of nitrogen.
Subclass:
541
Of halogenated hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a halogenated
hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
542
Of hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidation of a hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
543
Alicyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an alicyclic
hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
544
Olefin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing an olefin.
Subclass:
545
Producing unsaturated acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes
wherein the acid produced by oxidizing an olefin is an
unsaturated acyclic carboxylic acid.
Subclass:
546
Group VIII Metal Containing Catalyst Utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Processes
wherein the unsaturated acid is produced by oxidizing an
olefin utilizing a Group VIII metal containing catalyst.
Subclass:
547
Group V Metal Containing Catalyst Utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Processes
wherein the unsaturated acid is produced by oxidizing an
olefin utilizing a Group V metal containing catalyst.
Subclass:
548
Producing acetic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes
wherein the acid produced by oxidizing an olefin is acetic
acid.
Subclass:
549
Alkane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by oxidizing a saturated acyclic
hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
550
Formation of carboxyl group by carbonation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes
wherein an acyclic carboxylic acid is produced by reacting an
acyclic compound with carbon dioxide or a material which will
produce carbon dioxide under the reaction conditions, such as
a carbonate.
Subclass:
551
Of C-Metallated Compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by reacting a compound having a
C-Metal bond with carbon dioxide.
Subclass:
552
Of alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Processes
wherein the acide is produced by reacting an alkali metal
salt of a carboxylic acid with carbon dioxide.
Subclass:
553
Nitrogen bonded to carbon of organic radical (e.g., amino
acids, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen bonded to a carbon of an
organic radical.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
564, Organic Compounds, 67 for processes of producing urea
from carbon dioxide and ammonia wherein ammonium carbomate is
also formed.
Subclass:
554
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of
nitrogen containing acyclic carboxylic acids.
(1) Note. See subclasses 516 for purification or recovery
of amino acids from protein hydrolysates.
(2) Note. See subclasses 401+ for the separation of optical
isomers of nitrogen containing acyclic carboxylic acids.
Subclass:
555
Carbamic acids or salts thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen bonded directly to the
carbon of a carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
556
Sulfur or selenium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded sulfur or
selenium:
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
557
Alpha N, Beta S - Acids or Salts Thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 556. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen attached to the alpha
carbon and sulfur attached to the beta carbon relative to the
carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
558
Penicillamine, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. The compound
which is penicillamine (see figure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
Subclass:
559
Methionine, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 556. The compound
which is methionine (see figure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
Subclass:
560
Ureido, hydrazino, or nitrogen double bonded directly to
carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the ureido group (N-C (=O)- N), the
hydrazino group (N - N), or the -C=N- group, such as the
guanido or amidino groups or structures equivalent to those
formed by reacting an aldehyde or a ketone with ammonia or an
amine.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
561
Plural nitrogens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one nitrogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
562
Lysine, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. The compound
which is lysine (see figure below) or its salts and processes
for its preparation not provided for above. [figure]
Subclass:
563
Glutamine, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. The compound
which is glutamine (see figure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
[figure]
Subclass:
564
Oxy containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group bonded to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a noncarbonylic carbon, H,
or an alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
565
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:
[figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
566
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. The compound
which is ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (figure below) or
its salts and processes for its preparation not provided for
above. [figure]
Subclass:
567
Oxy, aldehyde, or ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group bonded to a
noncarbonylic carbon not provided for above; or a -C (=O) X
group bonded to carbon where X is C or H.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
568
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
569
Panthothenic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. The compound
which is panthothenic acid (see figure below) or its salts
and processes for its preparation not provided for above.
[figure]
Subclass:
570
Threonine, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 567. The compound
which is threonine (see structure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
Subclass:
571
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
572
Nitrilotriacetic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 571. The compound
which is nitrilotriacetic acid (i.e., structure below) or its
salts and processes for its preparation not provided for
above.
Subclass:
573
Glutamic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 571. The compound
which is glutamic acid or its salts and processes for its
preparation not provided for above. [figure]
Subclass:
574
Halogen or unsaturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen, or
contains a double or triple bond.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
575
Alpha nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Compounds
wherein the acid contains nitrogen bonded to the carbon which
is in the position alpha to the carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
576
Beta alanine, per se, or salts thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. The compound
which is beta alanine or its salts and processes for its
preparation not provided for above. [figure]
Subclass:
577
Aldehyde or ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the group -C (=O) X bonded to
carbon, where X is C or H.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
578
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 577. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
579
Oxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an -OX group attached to a
noncarbonylic carbon and X is a noncarbonylic C, H, or an
alcoholate forming group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
580
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of an
acyclic oxy carboxylic acid.
(1) Note. See subclass 515 for recovery of acyclic oxy
carboxylic acids resulting from the degradation of
carbohydrates.
(2) Note. See subclasses 401+ for the separation of optical
isomers of acyclic oxy carboxylic acids.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 and the classes referred
to in the search notes of that subclass for processes of and
apparatus for the manufacture of piezoelectric crystals of
Rochelle salt by procedures which include crystallizing and
additional manufacturing operations.
Subclass:
581
Sulfur:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded sulfur.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
582
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
583
Ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. Compounds
wherein the acid contains the -OX group bonded to a
noncarbonylic carbon, where X is a noncarbonylic carbon.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
584
Citric acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. The compound
which is citric acid (structure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
Subclass:
585
Tartaric acid, per se, of salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. The compound
which is tartaric acid (structrue below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric crystals of Rochelle salt where the shape is
significant; and subclass 360 where the specific
configuration or crystal axis is significant with respect to
piezoelectric properties.
Subclass:
586
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
587
Polyoxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one oxy group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
588
Alkoxy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Compounds
wherein the -OX group of the acids is bonded to the carbon of
an alkyl group and X is a noncarbonylic carbon.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
589
Lactic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. The compound
which is lactic acid (structure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
[figure]
Subclass:
590
Polycarboxylic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains more than one carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
554, Organic Compounds, 1, particularly subclass 166 for
polycarboxylic acids derived by introducing additional
carboxyl groups into higher fatty acids without cleavage.
Subclass:
591
Preparation by isomerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Processes
wherein the acid is prepared by isomerization, as for
example, the preparation of fumaric acid by isomerizing
maleic acid.
Subclass:
592
Preparation by hydrogenation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Processes
wherein the acid is produced by introduction of hydrogen.
Subclass:
593
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of
acyclic polycarboxylic acids.
(1) Note. See subclasses 513 and 515 for purification or
recovery of acyclic polycarboxylic acids from sources of
undetermined compositions or from the degradation of
carbohydrates, respectively.
Subclass:
594
Element Other Than C, H, O, N, or Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Compounds
wherein the acid contains an element covalently bonded other
than C, H, O, N, and halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
595
Unsaturated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a double or triple bond.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
596
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:
Subclass:
597
Oxalic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. The compound
which is oxalic acid (see structure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
Subclass:
598
Unsaturated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a double or triple bond.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
[figure]
Subclass:
599
Formation of ethylenic unsaturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Processes
wherein the acid is prepared by the introduction of a double
bond.
Subclass:
600
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of
acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Subclass:
601
Sorbic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. The compound
which is sorbic acid (structure below) or its salts and
processes for its preparation not provided for above.
[figure]
Subclass:
602
Halogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:
CH[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]Br - CHBr - COOH, or [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
554, Organic Compounds, 225 for halogenated higher fatty
acids.
Subclass:
603
Preparation by halogenating acid or anhydride:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Processes
wherein the acid is prepared by introducing halogen into an
acyclic carboxylic acid or its anhydride.
Subclass:
604
Preparation by dehalogenation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Processes
wherein the acid is prepared by reducing the halogen
content.
Subclass:
605
Fluorine containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Compounds
wherein the acid contains covalently bonded fluorine.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example: [figure]
Subclass:
606
Saturated lower fatty acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Compounds
wherein the acid contains a saturated, unsubstituted unbroken
chain of not more than 6 carbon atoms attached to a carboxyl
group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
554, Organic Compounds, 1 for higher fatty acids.
Subclass:
607
Acetic acid, per se, salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. The compound
which is acetic acid or its salts and processes for its
preparation not provided for above.
(1) Note. See subclass 536 for production of acetic acid by
the oxidation of aldehydes; and subclass 548 for the
oxidation of olefins.
Subclass:
608
Purification or recovery, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 607. Processes
directed to the purification, separation, or recovery of
acetic acid.
(1) Note. See subclass 513 for the recovery of acetic acid
from sources of undetermined composition; and subclass 515
for the recovery of acetic acid resulting from degradation of
carbohydrates.
(2) Note. See (1) Note (b) under subclass 400 for the
placement of patents claiming the purification or recovery of
an acid combined with a salt forming or salt hydrolysis
step.
Subclass:
609
Formic acid, per se, or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. The compound
which is formic acid or its salts and processes for its
preparation not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, processes
for preparing formic acid from carbon monoxide and water.
Subclass:
620
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein
the hydrogen may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light
metal, or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen, nitrogen, and group IA or
IIA light metals.
Subclass:
621
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the following acid
groups, in each of which the X's may be the same or diverse
chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium), the
R's may be hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, and H of
-XH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal or by
substituted or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen, nitrogen, and group IA
or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
-2
622.
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Compounds
wherein the carbon of the acid group is bonded directly to a
carbocyclic ring.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
623
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Compounds
wherein the acid group is attached to nitrogen directly or
indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
624
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein X
is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium)
and H of -XH may be replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal
or by substituted or unsubstituted ammonium:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen, nitrogen, the groups IA
or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
625
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein X
is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium), R
is hydrogen or substitution for hydrogen, and H of -XH may be
replaced by a Group IA or IIA light metal, or by substituted
or unsubstituted ammonium: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-225 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen, nitrogen, and group IA
or IIA light metals.
Subclass:
800
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the -C(=X)-NH-halo group,
wherein X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium), and substitution may be made for hydrogen only,
i.e., hydroxamic acid halides or chalcogen analogs thereof.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 207-211 and 215-222 for the destruction of
organic hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen,
chalcogen, or nitrogen.
Subclass:
801
This subclass is indented under subclass 800. Compounds
wherein the -C(=X)- group is further bonded directly to an
additional nitrogen.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
802
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the -N=CH-halo group, wherein
substitution may be made for hydrogen only, i.e., imidic acid
halides.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 213-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen, or nitrogen.
Subclass:
803
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Compounds
wherein an additional halogen is bonded directly to the
carbon of the imidic acid halide group, i.e., -N=C-(halo)2.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the isocyanide
dihalides.
(2) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
804
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Compounds
wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) is attached directly to the nitrogen of the imidic
acid halide group by nonionic bonding (i.e., -X-N=CH-halo
wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
805
This subclass is indented under subclass 802. Compounds
having the following formula, wherein substitution may be
made for hydrogen only: [figure]
Subclass:
806
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein halogen is bonded directly to boron
by nonionic bonding; i.e., boron halides.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 220-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing nitrogen or phosphorus.
Subclass:
807
This subclass is indented under subclass 806. Compounds in
which phosphorus is attached directly or indirectly to the
boron by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
808
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein halogen is bonded directly to
phosphorus by nonionic bonding, i.e., phosphorus halides.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 213-222 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen, nitrogen, or
phosphorus.
Subclass:
809
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Compounds in
which nitrogen is bonded directly to the phosphorus.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
810
This subclass is indented under subclass 809. Compounds
wherein both the phosphorus and the nitrogen are members of
the same ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
811
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Compounds
containing plural phosphorus atoms attached directly or
indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
812
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Compounds
wherein the phosphorus is a member of a ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
813
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Compounds in
which sulfur is bonded directly to the phosphorus.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
814
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Processes
which utilize an inorganic compound which contains phosphorus
and sulfur in the preparation.
Subclass:
815
This subclass is indented under subclass 813. Processes
whereby a phosphorus to carbon bond is formed.
Subclass:
816
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Compounds in
which oxygen is bonded directly to the phosphorus.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
817
This subclass is indented under subclass 816. Compounds
wherein halogen is attached indirectly to the phosphorus by
acyclic nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
818
This subclass is indented under subclass 816. Processes
whereby the phosphorus to halogen bond is formed.
Subclass:
819
This subclass is indented under subclass 816. Processes
whereby a phosphorus to carbon bond is formed.
Subclass:
820
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Processes
whereby a phosphorus to carbon bond is formed.
Subclass:
821
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein halogen is bonded directly to sulfur
by nonionic bonding: i.e., sulfur halides.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 206-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen, or phosphorus.
Subclass:
822
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Compounds in
which nitrogen is bonded directly to the sulfur.
(1) Note. Example of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
823
This subclass is indented under subclass 822. Compounds in
which phosphorus, a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen
(i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) or an
additional chalcogen is attached directly to the nitrogen by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein
are: [figure] [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
824
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Compounds
wherein the halogen is fluorine; i.e., sulfur fluorides.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
825
This subclass is indented under subclass 824. Compounds
wherein chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) is double bonded directly to the sulfur.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
826
This subclass is indented under subclass 825. Compounds in
which a benzene ring is attached directly or indirectly to
the sulfur by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
827
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Compounds in
which chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium)
is double bonded directly to the sulfur (e.g., sulfinyl
halides, etc.).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
828
This subclass is indented under subclass 827. Compounds
wherein plural chalcogens are double bonded directly to the
sulfur (e.g., sulfonyl halides, etc.).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
829
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Processes in
which elemental halogen is utilized.
Subclass:
830
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Processes in
which thionyl halide; i.e., halo-S(=O)-halo or a carbonyl
dihalide; i.e., halo-C(=O)-halo is utilized.
Subclass:
831
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Compounds
wherein at least two -S(=O)(=O)-halo groups are attached
indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
832
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Compounds in
which nitrogen, other than in a nitro or nitroso group, is
attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
833
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Compounds in
which chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium)
or nitrogen is attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
834
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Compounds in
which halogen is attached indirectly to the sulfur by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
835
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. Compounds in
which chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium)
or nitrogen is attached indirectly to the sulfur by nonionic
bonding.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein
are: [figure] [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
836
This subclass is indented under subclass 821. The compound
which has the following structure: [figure]
Subclass:
837
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, in which
substitution may be made for hydrogen only: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen.
Subclass:
838
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the -C(=S)-halo group, i.e.,
thiocarboxylic acid halides.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 206-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, sulfur, oxygen, or
nitrogen.
Subclass:
839
This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Compounds
wherein plural halogens are bonded directly to the
thiocarbonyl group (e.g., thiophosgene, etc.).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
840
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the -C(=O)-halo group; i.e.,
carboxylic acid halide.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 206-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Subclass:
841
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Products
wherein the carboxylic acid halide containing compound is
mixed with a preserving or stabilizing agent whose sole
function is to prevent physical or chemical change.
Subclass:
842
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds
wherein boron or phosphorus is attached directly or
indirectly to the carbonyl group by nonionic bonding.
Subclass:
843
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds
wherein an additional carbonyl group is bonded directly to
the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid halide; i.e., [figure]
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
844
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds in
which nitrogen is bonded directly to the carbonyl of the
carboxylic acid halide; i.e., carbamyl halides of the
following formula, wherein substitution may be made for
hydrogen only: [figure]
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
845
This subclass is indented under subclass 844. Compounds
wherein chalcogen, X, (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium) or an additional carbonyl group is bonded directly
to the nitrogen of the carbamyl halide; i.e., groups of the
following formulas, wherein substitution may be made for
hydrogen only:
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure]
Subclass:
846
This subclass is indented under subclass 844. Processes
wherein phosgene, i.e., the compound of the following
formula, is used as a reactant: [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
847
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. The compound
which has the following structure: [figure]
Subclass:
848
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Processes
whereby carbon monoxide is utilized as a reactant, i.e.,
carbonylation reactions.
Subclass:
849
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds in
which the halogen is fluorine; i.e., -C(=O)-F.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
850
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Compounds
wherein plural -C(=O)-F groups are attached indirectly to
each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
851
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Processes
whereby the carbonyl group, -C(=O)-, is formed.
Subclass:
852
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Processes
whereby the bond between the carbonyl group and the fluorine
is formed.
Subclass:
853
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds
wherein at least two -C(=O)-halo groups are attached
indirectly to each other by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
854
This subclass is indented under subclass 853. Processes
which utilize phosgene in the preparation.
Subclass:
855
This subclass is indented under subclass 853. Compounds
wherein at least two carbonyl groups are bonded directly to
the same benzene ring.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
856
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Processes for
the preparation of the carboxylic halide containing compounds
or for the treatment of such compounds.
Subclass:
857
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
wherein phosgene is utilized as a reactant.
Subclass:
858
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
wherein a ketene reactant is utilized.
(1) Note. The structure of ketene is: [figure]
Subclass:
859
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
whereby the -C(=O)- group is formed.
Subclass:
860
This subclass is indented under subclass 859. Processes
wherein the carbonyl group is formed by the oxidation of a
halogenated olefin.
Subclass:
861
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
whereby the carbonyl to halogen bond is formed.
Subclass:
862
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Processes
wherein a reactant is utilized which has halogen bonded
directly to sulfur by nonionic bonding.
Subclass:
863
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Processes in
which elemental halogen or hydrogen halide is utilized as a
reactant.
Subclass:
864
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
whereby halogen is added to a compound.
Subclass:
865
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
whereby halogen, or hydrogen and halogen, are removed from a
compound.
Subclass:
866
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Processes
wherein the carboxylic acid halide is separated from
impurities or from the reaction medium.
Subclass:
867
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds
which contain an alicyclic ring.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
868
This subclass is indented under subclass 840. Compounds
wherein nitrogen is attached indirectly to the carbonyl group
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
Subclass:
869
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein X
is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium):
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
870
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein X
is oxygen or sulfur: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen.
Subclass:
871
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the following two
groups, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens
(i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium):
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
872
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen or sulfur.
Subclass:
873
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the following two
groups: [figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen.
Subclass:
874
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532 ... which contain either of the two following
groups, wherein substitution may be made for hydrogen only,
and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens (i.e.,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium): [figure]
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
875
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, wherein
substitution may be made for hydrogen only, and the X's may
be the same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur,
selenium or tellurium): [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-219 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
876
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... in which the single bonded X of a -C(=X)X-
group is bonded directly to phosphorus and the X's may be the
same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium).
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or phosphorus.
Subclass:
877
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... in which cyano or an -N=C=X group is bonded
directly to phosphorus, and X is chalcogen (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium).
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen, nitrogen, or
phosphorus.
Subclass:
878
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein a divalent chalcogen atom (i.e.,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) is bonded directly to
two phosphorus atoms.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 215-222 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen chalcogen or
phosphorus.
Subclass:
879
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the two following
groups, in each of which the X's may be the same or diverse
chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium):
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
880
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain either of the two following
groups, in each of which substitution may be made only for
hydrogen and the X's may be the same or diverse chalcogens
(i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium):
[figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment note
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
881
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, in which
substitution may be made for hydrogen only, the X's may be
the same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur,
selenium or tellurium), and halo is halogen: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen or nitrogen.
Subclass:
882
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein the single bonded X of a -C(=X)X-
group is bonded directly to boron, and the X's may be the
same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, selenium or
tellurium).
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 213-219 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing chalcogen.
Subclass:
883
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein a divalent chalcogen atom (i.e.,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium) is bonded directly to
two borons.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 213-220 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen or chalcogen.
Subclass:
884
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein the single bonded oxygen of a
-S(=O)(=O)-O- group is bonded directly to boron.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-219 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen or sulfur.
Subclass:
885
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... wherein carbon, which may be multiple bonded
only to another carbon, is bonded directly to a -S-SCN
group.
(1) Note. An example of a compound provided for herein is:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-222 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing sulfur or nitrogen.
Subclass:
886
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the following group, in which
the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (i.e., oxygen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium) and at least one X is sulfur:
[figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-219 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing chalcogen.
Subclass:
887
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain the carboxylic acid anhydride
group: [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 215-219 for the destruction of organic hazardous
or toxic waste containing oxygen.
Subclass:
888
This subclass is indented under subclass 887. Processes
wherein the carboxylic acid anhydride group is formed.
Subclass:
889
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein an aldehyde reactant is used.
Subclass:
890
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein carbon monoxide or a metal carbonyl is used as a
reactant.
Subclass:
891
This subclass is indented under subclass 890. Processes
wherein an ether or a carboxylic acid ester is used as a
reactant.
Subclass:
892
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein a ketene or a ketone is used as a reactant.
(1) Note. The structure of ketene is: [figure]
Subclass:
893
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein an ether or a carboxylic acid ester is used as a
reactant.
Subclass:
894
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein a salt of a carboxylic acid is used as a reactant.
Subclass:
895
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
which involve the dehydration of two like or different
molecules of carboxylic acid.
(1) Note. Examples of processes provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure]
Subclass:
896
This subclass is indented under subclass 895. Processes
wherein the dehydration is conducted in vapor phase.
Subclass:
897
This subclass is indented under subclass 888. Processes
wherein a carboxylic acid halide is used as a reactant.
Subclass:
898
This subclass is indented under subclass 887. Processes
wherein the carboxylic acid anhydride is separated from
impurities or from the reaction mixture.
Subclass:
899
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... which contain selenium or tellurium.
(1) Note. Examples of compounds provided for herein are:
[figure] [figure] [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 206 and 213-222 for the destruction of organic
hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen, selenium,
tellurium, or phosphorus.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000