U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 523
SYNTHETIC RESINS OR NATURAL RUBBERS -- PART OF THE CLASS 520
SERIES
Class Definition:
This Class Definition covers the subject matter of Class 523
and of Class 524. Class 524 is a continuation of the subject
matter of Class 523. Class 523, subclass 1 serves as the
parent subclass to all other Class 523 subclasses and to all
Class 524 subclasses.
The terms "desired" and "intentional" have been used
interchangeably throughout the schedule and definitions.
A. GENERAL SUMMARY OF SUBJECT MATTER WITHIN THIS CLASS
In order for a patent claim to be proper for this class,
there must be a desire or intent to produce a composition of
a solid polymer or SICP and a nonreactant material (NRM);
this includes the treatment of a composition to produce a
desired or intentional composition. The NRM may be added to
the solid polymer, to a specified intermediate condensation
product (SICP), to specified polymer-forming ingredients
(SPFI), or to materials specifically denoted as forming solid
polymers.
A desired composition is formed when the nonreactive material
is desired to be present or operative in the ultimate system
under consideration. An ingredient present only as an
innocuous impurity, residue, or by-product signifies a
composition but not a desired composition.
Statements that a material may be left in the polymer
composition or that a material is inert or inoffensive
therein are not the type of statements that qualify to bring
a patent into this area. There must be a deliberate attempt
to incorporate these materials in some degree.
Adding materials, all of which are to be removed in a later
process, is not, per se, forming a desired or intended
composition. The intended inclusion of some materials,
however, would be within the purview of this class even if
other materials were intermittently removed.
Patentees' statements as to functions of material (e.g.,
catalyst, reactant, solvent, etc.) are to be taken literally
and are to be followed. An exception to this rule is in
those subclasses wherein specialized rules have been
enumerated.
An added material which disappears completely so that the
final composition prior to use is devoid of the material or
of a reaction product or residue thereof is not classified as
an NRM. An example of this is the use of a blowing agent to
mix a composition without foaming.
When doubt is present as to whether a claimed substance is
truly a composition for this area, as opposed to being a
product proper for any of Classes 525-528, such doubt is to
be resolved by classifying the claims in the appropriate
area(s) of Classes 525-528.
In those instances wherein a claim or claims is (are)
directed to alternatively forming a composition proper for
this area or forming a product proper for any of Classes
525-528, classification is then proper in this Composition
area with cross-referencing into the appropriate area(s) of
Classes 525-528.
Coating compositions are specially included as compositions
proper for this class, although the final product after
application may be no more than a solid polymer on a
substrate. Coating compositions are a general exception to
the type of compositions that are provided in this class, in
that for the most part, the added material usually stays with
the polymer and can be found with it during the use of the
polymer.
B. NONREACTANT MATERIAL (NRM)
For purposes of this class, a nonreactant material (NRM) has
a restricted meaning and is other than the following:
1. A solid polymer.
2. Specified intermediate condensation product (SICP).
3. Specified polymer-forming ingredients (SPFI).
4. Ethylenic reactant.
5. Material disclosed to form a solid polymer either with
nonspecified polymer-forming reactants or with specified
polymer-forming reactants.
6. Material disclosed as chemically reacting with a solid
polymer or solid specified intermediate condensation product,
so as to add atoms thereto or remove atoms therefrom.
7. Material disclosed as assisting in chemical reaction,
e.g., solvents, catalysts, potentiators, etc.
8. Natural rubber or modified natural rubber.
Materials in steps 3-7 above may in certain instances be
regarded as nonreactants, such as when the disclosure of the
patent is of a nature as to recite at least a function for
the added material besides acting as a reactant or assisting
in a reaction. For instance, a disclosure noting the use of
a catalyst in greater than necessary quantities so that a
desired residue remains after reaction to stabilize product
would be proper herein.
To be considered a nonreactant material, the added material
must not react with the solid polymer, natural or modified
rubber, SPFI, or solid SICP. This does not mean that the
nonreactant material need be totally unreactive. For
instance, it can react with itself or with another material
in the composition and still be considered a nonreactive
material if the final product after the reaction has occurred
is desired.
For purposes of this class, the addition of a thixotropic
agent to a composition is sufficient to qualify as the
preparation of a desired composition.
Physical or chemical treatment of a previously formed
composition without the addition of a NRM is included herein
if a desired or intentional composition is thereby formed.
C. RELATIONSHIP OF THE TERMS NONREACTANT MATERIAL (NRM) AND
DESIGNATED NONREACTANT MATERIAL (DNRM)
The distinction between the subclasses which recite
designated nonreactant material and those that recite NRM is
that:
1. Nonreactant material is when
a. a specified amount of nonreactant material is noted
(e.g., 6 per cent of a filler, etc.) or
b. a relationship amount exists between the solid polymer or
SICP and the NRM (e.g., two times the amount of polymer to
additive, etc.) or
c. the NRM is identified in the clam by more than mere
function (e.g., organic plasticizer, hydrocarbon solvent,
metal filler, etc.) or
d. the NRM is identified by at least one chemical atom
(e.g., sulfuric acid, water, hydrocarbon, etc.) or
e. the NRM is identified as a generic type of chemical
compound (e.g., alcohol, ether, etc.)
2. Designated nonreactant material is a material wherein at
least one of the chemical atoms can be deduced with
certainty. Materials noted in steps 1, d and e above would
be considered as DNRM's as well as would be hydrocarbon
solvent in step 1, c above. For purposes of this class,
organic material although inherently reciting the presence of
a carbon atom is considered to be too broad. An exemplary
list of materials to be regarded as DNRM's is as follows:
metal hydrate, chalcogen, carboxylic acid, peroxy, peroxide,
latex, alkali or alkaline earth metal, transition metal,
halogen, proton donor, sulfide, drying oil, fat, fatty acid
or ester, water, carbon black, etc. This list is by no means
limited to the above noted examples.
The following list is not exhaustive and merely enumerates
certain materials that will not be considered as DNRM's (e.g,
organic compound, metal containing, inorganic compound,
organometallic compound, solvent, wax, magnetic, hydrophobic,
hydrophillic, antiplasticizer, plasticizer, filler,
preservative, antioxidant, antiozonant, stabilizer,
lubricant, fibrous additive, particulate additive, liquid,
solid, gas, dispersant, emulsifier, crystalline, plastic,
fluorescent, phosphorescent, luminescent, deliquescent,
drier, dessicant, humectant, blue color, numerically
described without providing a chemical atom, Lewis acid or
base, mineral, organic solvent, co-solvent, Ziegler or Natta
catalysts, alfin catalyst, free radical, amphoteric, anionic,
ionic, denaturant, electrostatic, dielectric, conductor,
insulator, etc.).
D. RULES CONCERNING THE USE OF DNRM IN THE SCHEDULE
For purpose of this class, certain rules as to patent
placement have been adopted. These rules only pertain to the
subject matter under Class 523, subclass 1, and are not to be
extrapolated to other areas in the 520 series or to any other
class.
The rules adopted pertain to the use of the term "DNRM"; they
are as follows.
In those subclasses which recite a designated nonreactant
material (DNRM) in the title, the indented subclasses merely
pertain to a further elaboration of the DNRM and do not
relate to any other material. An example of this is subclass
159 in Class 524 which recites nitrogen and is indented under
aryl group (subclass 158) which is in turn indented under
sulfur bonded directly to three oxygen atoms DNRM (subclass
157). The proper meaning of subclass 159 is that a single
nitrogen containing compound also containing at least one
aryl group and at least one sulfur atom bonded to three
oxygen atoms is utilized as a DNRM.
In those subclasses which recite "containing .......DNRM",
the use of the word "containing" is consistent with the
general use in other classes. An example of this is subclass
759 in class 524, which recites, "........... containing
carboxylic acid or derivative DNRM", and is indented under
subclass 755, ether compound DNRM. The proper meaning of
subclass 759 is that a single DNRM compound may be present
which has both ether and carboxylic acid or derivative
groups, or that two separate DNRM's may be present, one of
which contains an ether group and the other a carboxylic acid
or derivative group.
In those subclasses which recite "with", under a specified
DNRM, such use is consistent with the term as used in other
classes, in that, at least two separate materials must be
present, one of which is the DNRM and the other the "with"
material.
E. GENERAL RULES AS TO PATENT PLACEMENT
1. In those situations wherein a material reacts with
another material to give an in situ product, original
classification is as follows: If the materials reacted occur
higher in the subclass array than the material which is the
result of the reaction, then classification is proper on the
basis of the original reactants. It would be desirable in
either event to cross-reference the reactant or product
produced.
2. A combination of treating a polymer composition
containing a NRM that is prepared by an in situ preparation
with another nonreactant material places the document in the
area provided for an admixing a preformed solid polymer with
a NRM.
3. Carbon (in any of its allotropic forms), titanium
dioxide, silica, glass, sand, quartz, water, benzene, xylene,
or toluene will be regarded in the absence of any disclosure
to the contrary as being nonreactive with a solid polymer,
SICP, or SPFI.
4. An ingredient having a defined function as a solvent,
dispersing medium, or flux will be regarded in the absence of
disclosure to the contrary as being nonreactant when added to
a preformed solid polymer or performed SICP and as forming a
desired composition therewith.
5. An ingredient having a defined function as a solvent,
dispersing medium, or flux will be regarded in the absence of
disclosure to the contrary as not forming a desired
composition with a solid polymer when such materials are
added to a SPFI system. There must be an expressed intent to
incorporate these materials with the solid polymer when the
polymer is subsequently formed.
6. Addition of a material during polymer formation and in
which the disclosure is silent as to reaction or nonreaction
(other than SPFI, catalyst, curing agent) will be regarded as
a reactant.
7. Components of a solid polymer-forming system which are
not, per se, the type that qualify as solid polymer-forming
ingredients (SPFI) are not considered NRM's.
8. Ingredients which are not the necessary solid
polymer-forming ingredients (SPFI) but which are disclosed as
reacting with specified polymer-forming ingredient system are
not considered NRM's.
9. In the absence of disclosure to the contrary, an
ingredient having a defined utility as a plasticizer, filler,
dye, pigment, or preservative (other than a solid polymer,
SPFI, or SICP) will be regarded as being nonreactive (with
the solid polymer, SPFI, or SICP).
10. In the absence of disclosure to the contrary, a peroxy
compound, an ethylenic compound, or sulfur when added to a
solid polymer will be regarded as reactants.
11. Reacting a material with a filler, modifier, etc., is
presumed to alter the chemical nature of the filler,
modifier, etc., and thereby produce a new and different
chemical entity. However, surface modification when specially
designated as such, or coating or impregnating a material
such as a filler, is presumed as forming a composition of the
filler, modifier, etc., and the coating or impregnating agent
or as a composition of the substrate material and the surface
modified chemical entity.
12. A coupling or bridging agent is presumed to act as a
chemical reactant between the polymer and additive and, if
technically viewed, no composition would result therefrom.
For purposes of this class, however, the use of a coupling or
bridging agent between a polymer and an additive is viewed as
a surface phenomenon and therefore a composition does in fact
result between (a) the polymer which is chemically linked to
the coupling or bridging agent, and (b) the additive.
Classification on the basis of the additive is therefore
proper.
F. EXAMPLES OF PATENT PLACEMENT WITHIN THIS CLASS AND CLASS
524
Patent claims:
1. Polyethylene admixed with 2 per cent of a stabilizer.
Original classification is with the polymer in Class 524,
subclass 585. This patent initially is proper for Class 524,
subclass 1; however, it does not meet the limitations of
Class 524, subclass 80, since 2 per cent is not sufficient to
be considered DNRM.
2. Polyethylene admixed with 2 per cent of a stabilizer and
a hydrocarbon solvent. Same result as in (A) above, since 2
per cent of a stabilizer is not considered sufficient to be
DNRM and hydrocarbon has been specifically excluded from
class 524, subclass 80.
3. Polyethylene admixed with 2 per cent carbon black and
water. Same result as in (A) above; both carbon black and
water have been specifically excluded as DNRM's in class 524,
subclass 80.
4. Polyethylene admixed with a halogenating agent and with a
phosphorus stabilizer for the halogenated polyethylene.
Since a halogenating agent cannot be considered a NRM,
classification is solely on the basis of the phosphorus
stabilizer.
5. Polyethylene admixed with stabilizer composition
consisting of an organophosphorus additive and an organotin
compound. Since both additives qualify as DNRM's, in that, a
chemical atom is known in each of the additives, original
classification in the phosphorus subclass would be proper in
Class 524, subclass 115 rather than in the tin subclass
(subclass 178) which is lower in the schedule array.
6. Polyetheylene admixed with a stabilizer compound
consisting of an organic compound and an organotin compound.
Disclosure notes that an organophosphorus compound can be one
of the organic compounds. Since the claim is not limited to
any organic compound and an organic compound is not a DNRM
under Class 524, subclass 80, original classification is
proper with the organotin compound in Class 524, subclass
178. The sole criterion to be evaluated is whether the
material added is a DNRM. Only those materials which are
DNRM's are to be evaluated for classification purposes.
7. Polyethylene admixed with a combination of an
organophosphorus stabilizer and an organotin stabilizer.
Disclosure is limited to polymerizing ethylene in the
presence of the phosphorus stabilizer and after solid polymer
formation, admixing the organotin stabilizer therewith.
Classification is on the basis of the organotin stabilizer
for the reason that admixing with a performed solid polymer
or SICP is superior in the classification array to in situ
polymer formation. No weight can be given for original
classification purposes in class 524, subclass 1, to the fact
that the organophosphorus was added during the solid polymer
formation state. A cross-reference to class 524, subclass
706, may be appropriate to cover the subject matter relating
to the adding of the phosphorus material.
8. Natural rubber, per se, or modifed forms thereof or
mixtures of natural rubber wherein there is no polymer proper
for Class 520, subclass 1, are to be found in Class 524,
subclass 575.5. When, however, a final polymer is proper for
Class 520, subclass 1, then a natural rubber or modified form
thereof in a composition therewith is to be considered as if
it were derived from a monomer containing two ethylenic
groups, i.e., polyisoprene. The following are examples drawn
to the patent placement of natural rubber in this class.
a. Natural rubber + glass + polybutadiene - - -> is to be
found in Class 524, subclass 526. This composition is
considered as a mixture of two polymers derived from ethlenic
reactants only.
b. Natural rubber reacted with styrene - - -> modified
natural rubber to which glass is added. This composition is
to be found in Class 524, subclass 534. The reaction of
natural rubber and an ethylenic reactant is considered to
be a product proper for Class 520, subclass 1.
c. Natural rubber + glass is to be found in Class 524,
subclass 575.5.
G. SCHEDULE OUTLINE OF CLASS 523 AND CLASS 524
The schedules (for Class 523 and Class 524) are divided into
a number of parts, each of which is distinct and provides for
different types of subject matter. In the class definition
of this class, the SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS notes and
those SEARCH CLASS notes relating to Class 524 are a
breakdown on the major areas and indicate the type of subject
matter provided therein.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Rules for determining whether a desired or intentionally
formed composition or a process of preparing a desired or
intentionally formed composition is proper subject matter for
Class 523, subclass 1 or is proper subject matter for Classes
525, 526, 527, or 528:
Class 523, subclass 1 provides basically for two types of
subject matter:
A. Admixing a preformed solid polymer or SICP with a
nonreactant material.
B. Admixing a nonreactant material with a reactant and then
polymerizing said reactant so as to form a polymer proper for
Class 520, subclass 1 in the presence of the nonreactant
material; so-called in situ system.
Included Under (A) Above As To Process Is:
1. Mixing a nonreactant material with a solid polymer or
SICP to produce a desired composition when:
a. a specified amount of nonreactant material is noted
(e.g., 2 per cent of an emulsifier, etc.) or
b. a relationship amount exists between the solid polymer or
SICP and the NRM (e.g., two times the amount of polymer to
additive, etc.) or
c. adding nonreactant material which is identified in the
claims by more than mere function (e.g., organic plasticizer,
hydrocarbon solvent, metal filler, etc.) or
d. adding nonreactant material which is identified by at
least one chemical atom (e.g., sulfuric acid, water,
hydrocarbon, etc.) or
e. adding nonreactant material which is identified as a
generic type of chemical compound (e.g., alcohol, ether,
etc.) or
f. the nonreactant material is mixed with the SICP or solid
polymer and the process of brining the two materials together
is more than a mere statement of mixing or blending, or
g. two or more process steps are claimed, e.g., polymerizing
followed by blending, mixing two polymers followed by adding
or cooling, etc.
Included Under (B) Above As To Process Is:
1. Polymerizing in the presence of a nonreactant material to
produce a desired composition when:
a. a specified amount of nonreactant material is noted,
e.g., 4 per cent of a NRM, etc., or
b. a relationship amount exists between the reactants and
the NRM, or
c. the nonreactant material is identified in the claim by
more than mere function, e.g, organic plasticizer, metal
filler, etc., or
d. the NRM is identified by at least one chemical atom
(e.g., halogen, water, etc.) or
e. A step of polymerizing in the presence of a nonreactant
material recites some process parameter.
Class 520 provides for compositions which are prepared
utilizing nonreactant materials enumerated above in steps A,
1, a-e, and B, 1, a-d.
Products (e.g., products by process, etc.) which are the
result of processes involving nonreactant materials which do
not fit under the type of nonreactant materials required in
steps A, 1, a-e and B, 1, a-d are classified below in Classes
525, 526, 527, and 528.
Under the guidelines enumerated above, it is quite possible
for a process of preparing a composition to be classified in
Class 523, subclass 1 while the composition produced is
classified in another class under the 520 series.
In those situations where a material is added during
polymerization and is a nonreactant, such patent will not be
placed in this class but rather in Classes 525, 526, 527, or
528 unless a recitation is made in the disclosure that a
composition is in fact obtained and is desired.
The difference between Class 524, subclasses 1+ and Class
524, subclasses 700+ is the time of addition. If a
nonreactant material intended to be in the final product is
added subsequent to polymerization, classification in this
area is proper; if it is added during polymer formation, it
is proper in class 524, subclasses 700+.
If a patent claims a composition of a polymer and NRM, it
will be necessary to scrutinize the disclosure of the
document to ascertain the time when the NRM was added, since
classification is primarily based on the process of preparing
the intended composition. Disclosures which are generic to
adding to a preformed polymer or to forming a polymer in situ
in the presence of a NRM should be placed in this area as an
original in Class 524, subclasses 1+ and cross-referenced
into Class 524, subclasses 700+.
In Class 524, subclasses 268, 273, 278, and 279 are noted as
containing a particular chemical atom. Classification in
these subclasses is not only on the monomer utilized in
preparing the polymer but also on any subsequent treatment to
incorporate the desired chemical atom therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 (generic subclass)
100 through 181, (utility area) for certain designated
utilities. This area has no generic subclass, and utilities
which are not enumerated are classified in the subclasses
below on some other basis. In order for a patent to be
classified herein as an original, there must be a claim to
the noted utility or the total disclosure in the patent must
be directed to the provided for utility. this area provides
for the composition or for methods of preparing or treating
the composition. The utility in the claim need not be limited
to the provided utility as in a claim wherein two or more
functions are ascribed to a composition. This area does not
differentiate (except where specifically enumerated) between
compositions as a result of admixing with a solid polymer or
a composition as a result of in situ preparation of a desired
composition. Patents where the disclosure specifically states
the essentiality of a combination of multiple ingredients for
the claimed utility to be effective, yet where the claims are
limited to a subcombination of said ingredients (a polymer or
SICP plus a nonreactant material) would be classified in
subclasses 100-181 provided that the desired utility is
claimed or solely disclosed.
200 through 223, (physical characteristics area) for
certain physical characteristics of the nonreactant material
or of certain materials which are in admixture with the
nonreactant material. The scope of the subclasses varies to
designate what is the physical characteristic necessary and
what part of the total composition must possess this
characteristic. This area has no generic subclass, and
physical characteristics which are not specifically
enumerated in the schedule are classified below on some other
basis. This area provides for the composition and also for
the process of preparing same. This area does not
differentiate (except where specifically enumerated) between
a composition as a result of admixing with a solid polymer or
a composition as a result of in situ preparation of a desired
composition.
300 through 353, (manipulative processes area) for certain
designated processes of preparing or treating a composition.
This area does not provide for products, e.g., product by
process claims, etc. This area has no generic process
subclass and therefore processes not covered under the ambit
of the provided subclasses are classified below on some other
basis. This area does not differentiate (except where
specifically enumerated) between a composition which is a
result of admixing with a solid polymer or a composition as a
result of in situ preparation of a desired composition. For
processes falling under subclasses 300 to 353, the process
steps which are the basis for classification must relate to
treating or forming the desired composition. Preliminary
process steps, relating to ingredients which are not
themselves intentional compositions for purposes of Class
523, subclass 1, are not controlling for purposes of
classification and such processes are classified below on
some other basis.
375 (radioactive or inert gas compound area) special subclass
for radioactive additives or for inert gas compounds. This
area provides for compositions as well as processes of
preparing or treating. This area is generic to any
composition (i.e., in situ or admixing).
400 through 468, (epoxy area) for admixing a NRM with a
material containing more than one epoxy group per mole.
These subclasses provide for compositions as well as
processes of preparing or treating same. This area does not
differentiate between solid or nonsolid polymers derived from
epoxy-containing materials or the treatment of solid or
nonsolid polymers to produce an epoxy-containing material.
500 through 527, (polyester and unsaturated reactant area)
for preparing a composition of a nonreactant material and a
polyester together with an unsaturated reactant. This area is
analogous to the area above (epoxy) in that solid or liquid
polyesters have not been separated and are treated
identically. This area, as the area above provides for
compositions, processes of preparing or treating.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 1, generic
subclass for admixing a preformed solid polymer or a
preformed SICP with a nonreactant material) provides for
processes of preparing a composition, for the composition
prepared, or for processes of chemically treating a
composition or the chemically treated compositions thereof.
Each of the following subclasses, unless otherwise indicated,
provides for compositions as well as processes. subclasses
2 through 79, for certain special concepts, e.g., protein or
biologically active polypeptide additive, carbohydrate, or
derivative additive, etc.
80 through 456, for admixing a designated nonreactant
material with a solid polymer or SICP. These subclasses also
exclude certain materials which could be considered
"designated" since a chemical atom is noted. The materials
excluded are limited to those enumerated as follows: (a)
TiO[subscrpt]2: -- [end subscrpt]in any form, (b) Carbon - in
any form (e.g., carbon black, lamp black, graphite, etc.) (c)
Halogenated hydrocarbon, (d) Hydrocarbon, (e) Silica - in any
form (e.g., SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], glass, quartz,
sand, novaculite, etc.), and (f) Water - in any of its
physical forms.
457 through 461, for a special area which provides for
polymerizing in the presence of a preformed SICP or solid
polymer and in the presence of a nonreactant material so as
to form an aqueous dispersion, latex, suspension, or
emulsion.
462 through 473, for a special area which provides for
certain halogenated hydrocarbons which have been excluded by
subclasses 80-456 as nonreactant materials.
474 through 491, for a special area which provides for
certain hydrocarbons which have been excluded by subclasses
80-456 as nonreactant materials.
492 through 494, for a special area which provides for
certain silicon materials as nonreactants which have been
excluded by subclasses 80-456.
495 and 496, for a special area which provides for carbon as
a nonreactant material when certain specific numerical
limitations are claimed. Carbon as a nonreactant material has
been excluded by subclasses 80-456.
497, for a special area which provides for TiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] as a nonreactant additive when certain specific
numerical limitations are claimed. TiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] as a nonreactant material has been excluded by
subclasses 80-456.
498 612, for solid polymers or SICP admixed with nonreactant
materials. Since certain common species (e.g.,
SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], glass, water, etc.) have been
excluded from subclasses 80-456 above and since those same
subclasses above also exclude an amount of material as being
a DNRM, per se, those materials in combination with a polymer
or SICP are provided for in this area. This area also
provides for processes of preparing its own compositions or
for processes of treating compositions proper for this area.
Patents in this area are placed on the basis of the reactants
originally present in preparing the solid polymer or SICP,
e.g., mixing chlorinated polyethylene with carbon black is
classified with ethylene, etc.
650, for adding an inorganic water settable material to a
solid polymer-forming system. The water settable ingredient
may be a reactant or nonreactant. This subclass provides for
compositions as well as processes of preparing or treating.
700 848, for adding an NRM to a solid polymer-forming system;
so-called in-situ compositions. These subclasses provide for
processes for preparing a composition, for the composition
prepared, or for processes of chemically treating a
composition or the chemically treated compositions thereof.
Each of the subclasses indicated provides for compositions as
well as processes. The following is a more detailed
description of subclasses 700-848. Subclasses 700 through
796 provide for polymerizing in the presence of a designated
nonreactant material. This area, however, excludes certain
materials which could be considered "designated" since a
chemical atom is recited (i.e., carbon, TiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], water, hydrocarbon, SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt],
ass). Subclasses 797 through 799 provide for polymerizing in
the presence of a NRM, carbon, TiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt],
water, hydrocarbon, SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], or glass
when the chemical reactants forming the solid polymer are
protein or biologically active polypeptide, natural resins,
lignin, or tannin. Subclasses 800 through 846 are subclasses
for adding water to a polymer-forming system and forming a
polymer composition therewith. Classification in this area is
primarily on the monomer system utilized. Subclasses 847 and
848 are subclasses drawn to processes of polymerizing in the
presence of certain hydrocarbons, or in the presence of
carbon, TiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], glass, or
SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], which is described by specific
numerical limitations.
849 through 881, for polymerizing a monomer system in the
presence of a NRM or in the presence of carbon,
TiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], glass, or SiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]. (Classification in this area is primarily on the
monomer system utilized.)
900 through 924, for cross-reference art collections
pertaining to subject matter in Class 523, subclass 1.
525, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, for a mixture of a synthetic resin appropriate
under Class 520, subclass 1, and a natural rubber (i.e.,
polyisoprene), and for patents in which a dispersing medium
of flux is polymerizable or resinifiable to produce the same
synthetic resin as that dispersed, or for a synthetic resin
disclosed as a filler, dye, pigment, or preservative in
another synthetic resin.
526, 527, and 528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
appropriate subclasses, for a composition of a polymer proper
for those classes admixed with a broadly claimed nonreactant
material not identifiable by a chemical atom or amount; or
for a process of preparing a composition wherein the
nonreactant material is not identifiable by a chemical atom
or amount and wherein the process of forming the composition
recites no process condition other than mere polymerizing.
See 480 of Class 528 for processes of treating a polymer not
involving a chemical modification of the polymer, by the
addition of a material thereto, and for chemically modifying
material other than the polymer. Subclasses 480+ also
provide for processes of admixing with a broadly claimed
nonreactant material.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 255 for a polymer composition containing hazardous
or toxic waste used to contain the waste and prevent its
release into the environment.
GLOSSARY:
For purposes of this class, the abbreviations in this
Glossary have been used in the schedule and definitions.
DNRM
Designated nonreactant material (as discussed in this class
definition)
NRM
Nonreactant material (as discussed in this class definition)
SICP
Specified intermediate condensation product (consistent with
Class 520 Glossary)
SP
Solid polymer (consistent with Class 520 class definition)
SPFI
Specified polymer-forming ingredients (consistent with Class
520 Glossary)
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
PROCESSES OF PREPARING A DESIRED OR INTENTIONAL COMPOSITION
OF AT LEAST ONE NONREACTANT MATERIAL AND AT LEAST ONE SOLID
POLYMER OR SPECIFIED INTERMEDIATE CONDENSATION PRODUCT, OR
PRODUCT THEREOF:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
under Class 520, ... involving preparing a desired or
intentional composition of at least one nonreactant material
and at least one solid polymer or specified intermediate
condensation product or product thereof.
Subclass:
100
Food or tobacco contact composition or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a food or tobacco
contact composition is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. This subclass includes food-packaging materials,
such as, compositions useful for sandwich bags, or nonedible
waxy materials to be deposited on the surface of edible fruit
to reduce their shrinkage, but excludes sealant compositions
for sealing can ends which are not intended to be in direct
contact with the food or beverage.
(3) Note. Compositions not solely disclosed or claimed as
food or tobacco contact materials are placed as appropriate
in Classes 523 and 524 herein below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, for containers with
specified structure designed to hold a particular article or
set of articles, or materials.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for food products in combination with nonfood
materials such as package structures, inedible casings,
liners, and infusion bags.
Subclass:
101
Food release coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein said composition functions as a food release agent.
(1) Note. A solid polymer, such as a
polytetrafluoroethylene, mixed with an additive, which is
used to release food from a frying pan without the use of
grease, would be classified herein.
Subclass:
102
Odor masked, odor reduced or perfumed composition or process
of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as an odor masking, odor
reducing, or perfuming composition is claimed or solely
disclosed, said odor masking, odor reducing, or perfuming
composition containing an ingredient which provides a
perfumed fragrance which thereby conceals an otherwise
obnoxious odor or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Included herein are odor-masking or odor-reducing
compositions containing a solid polymer or SICP or a
composition comprising a perfume of the Class 512 type plus a
solid polymer or SICP. A perfume is defined to be a
composition specialized for the purpose of imparting a
pleasant odor. See the related search class note below.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as an
odor masked, odor reduced, or perfumed composition is placed
as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 76.1
for deodorant compositions which are not applied to the
living body which function by chemical combination with the
odor-causing principle or by destroying the odor-causing
organism or by desensitizing the olfactory mechanism.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for a composition having a
utility as a perfume or flavor for foods.
512, Perfume Compositions, subclasses 1-27 for a
composition or a perfume, per se, wherein a solid polymer or
SICP is an essential component of the perfume composition.
Subclass:
103
Compositions having reduced health risks upon exposure
thereto during incidental handling or body contact or process
of preparing; other than friction elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility effective in reducing
health risks in materials which are frequently handled or in
close contact with the body is claimed or solely disclosed or
to processes of preparation thereof and wherein said
composition is other than a friction element.
(1) Note. This subclass includes compositions which are
either old compositions modified to reduce health risks on
exposure or are novel compositions designed to replace
compositions with deleterious effects. For example, a
composition which reduces the carcinogenicity of carbon black
would be classified herein.
(2) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(3) Note. A composition not solely disclosed or claimed as
having reduced health risk is placed in Classes 523 and 524
hereinbelow.
(4) Note. A coating composition for application to surfaces
containing a bitter testing component such as denatonium
benzoate would be classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for a composition having utility effective in reducing
the clotting of blood.
149 for a friction element composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for a composition having utility as an
anticarcinogenic drug, per se; or for a composition of the
Class 424 type which has a taste or smell signal or is a
chemical irritant, emetic, or detoxicant.
Subclass:
105
Nonmedicated composition specifically intended for contact
with living animal tissue or process of preparing; other than
apparel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a nonmedicated composition having utility
specifically intended to be in contact with animal living
tissue is claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof other than apparel.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. The phrase "composition having utility
specifically intended to be in contact with animal living
tissue", refers to an intentional or desired composition
which has been designed or formulated by specifically taking
into account the contact of said composition with living
tissue during the ordinary use for which the composition or
ultimate article therefrom is made. The subclasses indented
hereunder are presumed, absent specific assertions to the
contrary, to lie within the meaning of this phrase.
(3) Note. Included herein are compositions utilized as
adhesives for adhering textile materials to the skin, such as
a nylon stocking, to prevent irritation to the skin.
Excluded herein are adhesives which are not solely disclosed
to come into contact with living tissue.
(4) Note. Living tissue is defined to be all internal and
external tissue, including blood, except for hair and nails.
(5) Note. Apparel for purposes of this subclass is any
material normally worn externally on the body for warmth or
decoration and includes, but is not limited to, clothing,
shoes, jewelry, etc.
(6) Note. Search Classes 523 and 524, in the appropriate
subclasses for a nonmedicated composition specifically
intended to come into contact with the body and wherein such
contact is not solely disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 160, and 161
for processes and compositions for removing hair or fur from
a living animal body.
128, Surgery, appropriate subclasses for methods of treatment
of the living body and apparatus used in the inspection and
treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions
of the bodies of men and lower animals; and for a composition
used in sutures where the claim has either significant
structure or a significant physical property characterizing
said suture. The mere use of the terms "filament" or "fiber"
or suture, per se, is considered significant structure to be
placed in Class 128. Numerical indices of tensile strength,
handleability, sterility, density, or denier are other
examples of significant characteristic physical properties
proper of Class 128.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for (A) a drug or bio-affecting
composition capable of either (1) preventing, alleviating,
treating, or curing abnormal and pathological conditions of
the living body, (2) maintaining, increasing, decreasing,
limiting, or destroying a physiologic body function, (3)
diagnosing a physiological condition or state by an in vivo
test or in vitro antigen-antibody test, or (4) controlling or
protecting an environment or living body by attracting,
disabling, inhibiting, killing, modifying, repelling, or
retarding an animal or micro-organism; or (B) a body-treating
composition generally intended for deodorizing, protecting,
adorning, or grooming a body.
433, Dentistry, appropriate subclasses for methods,
apparatus, implements, and devices relating to the treatment
of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth.
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor, appropriate
subclasses for artificial parts for a human body adapted to
replace or supplement missing or defective body parts.
Subclass:
106
Contact lens making composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition relates to those used in making
contact lenses, e.g., a composition containing hydroxyethyl
methacrylate copolymers, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a contact lens
composition containing its own preserving agent when it is
clearly specified and restricted for that use.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 507 for the
process of dyeing a contact lens or product thereof.
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,
appropriate subclasses for methods of and instruments for
fitting contact lenses and structural features and
adaptations for contact lenses, such as coloring a portion of
the lens to absorb part of the visible spectrum; 160 for eye
contact lens.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 1-43
for generic processes of deodorizing, preserving, or
sterilizing contact lenses or compositions thereof.
424, Drugs, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 429 for a contact lens with special physical form,
e.g., one which is coated or impregnated, etc.; subclass
78.04 for compositions containing a bio-active polymer
broadly claimed for (1) disinfecting, sterilizing or
preserving a contact lens or (2) bio-active polymer in
admixture with a polymer composition to be used in making a
contact lens. Such a composition would usually be classified
in Class 523 but, in most cases, said composition likewise
reduces or eliminates eye injury or irritation to the contact
lens wearer or (3) for topically treating the eye of a living
animal.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, 112 for compositions used for the mere
cleaning of contact lenses.
514, Drug Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for (1) a contact lens composition
which contains a nonbioactive polymer admixed with a
medicament or (2) a composition with or without a
nonbioactive polymer used to sterilize a contact lens
composition to reduce or eliminate any eye injury.
604, Surgery, subclass 290 for a method of applying a body
treating or removing material or subclasses 294+ for a method
of application to the eye or eye socket.
Subclass:
107
Silicon-containing organic polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition contains an organic
silicon-containing polymer.
Subclass:
108
Polymer of a heterocyclic N-vinyl polymerizable compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
wherein said composition contains a polymer derived from a
heterocyclic N-vinyl monomer (e.g., N-vinyl lactam, etc.).
Subclass:
109
Dental or body impression taking material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition is useful to take impressions of the
mouth or other body member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, appropriate subclasses for a static
implement having structure intended for shaping fluent
material only, wherein the structure is so arranged as to
define a space or cavity for retaining the fluent material
and wherein the fluent material initially having no definite
form conforms to the shape of the space or cavity.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for molding, casting, and
plastic-shaping processes in general.
433, Dentistry, subclass 214 for a structurally defined
material useful in making an impression of part of the dental
cavity.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses for compositions containing a synthetic resin used
in preparing molds and models from which impressions can be
made and not intended for contact with the wearer of the
device.
Subclass:
111
Composition for use in tape adhesives, binder or impregnate
for a body fluid absorbent device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition is to be used as a tape adhesive,
binder, or impregnate for a body fluid adsorbent device,
e.g., a surgical adhesive tape, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a composition used in a
tampon or other sanitary device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, appropriate subclasses, for bandages or body
applicators which contain a medicine and are claimed in terms
of more structure than a randomly distributed single layer on
a base material or randomly impregnated base material.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses, e.g., 447 for bandages or body
applicators which contain a specific or nominally recited
ingredient which is either randomly distributed in a single
layer on a base material or randomly impregnated in a base
material; subclass 77 for an adhesive trapping composition;
and subclass 78.06 for a composition containing a solid
synthetic organic polymer, with or without a designated
organic active ingredient, used to form a barrier layer or
film on living animals to ward off harmful or disturbing
agents, e.g., radiation, animals, insects, etc
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
singly or plural layer web or sheet; and especially 185, 190,
193, and 196+ for such a product embodying a component of
mechanically interengaged (e.g., woven, knitted) strands.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 181 and 304+ for a woven or knit fabric.
514, Drug Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
compositions containing an active ingredient used to treat
burns, open wounds, or lesions with or without a solid
synthetic organic bio-inactive polymer.
Subclass:
112
Nonthrombogenic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition has the effect of preventing the
clotting of blood.
(1) Note. Compositions which can be used to prepare
articles in association with whole blood, for example,
storage bottles, blood pouches, tubes, probes, cannulas,
catheters, etc., and which are disclosed as having
antithrombogenic utility are included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, in particular, 363 for
containers for blood having significant claimed structural
features.
Subclass:
113
Composition suitable for use as tissue or body member
replacement, restorative, or implant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition, which is fixated or situated in or
on the body, is suitable for use as a tissue or body member
replacement, restorative, or implant.
(1) Note. Compositions for prosthetic devices are examples
of the compositions which would be included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, appropriate subclasses, methods, apparatus,
implements, and devices directed to dental replacements,
restoratives, or implants.
623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof or Aids and Accessories Therefor, appropriate
subclasses for artificial parts for a human body adapted to
replace or supplement missing or defective body parts.
Subclass:
114
Composition which anchors by ingrowth of surrounding tissue:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein said composition assists in the process of anchoring
the restorative, replacement, or implant in the bone or other
body tissue with the resulting intergrowth or invasion
occurring at the corresponding contact surfaces under in vivo
conditions.
Subclass:
115
Composition suitable for use as tooth or bone replacement,
restorative, or implant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein said composition is used specifically in a tooth or
bone replacement, restorative, or implant.
(1) Note. Denture and artificial teeth compositions are
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, subclass 171, 199.1, 200.1, 201.1, and 202.1+
for methods, apparatus, implements, and devices relating to
the treatment of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth,
including those relating to denture, denture base, and
artificial teeth compositions (See Note I, C in the main
definition Class 433 for the general line).
Subclass:
116
Cement or filling composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein said composition is used either as a cement or a
filling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 35 for
dental fillings or cement compositions which do not contain a
synthetic resin.
433, Dentistry, subclasses 180-183 and 228.1 for methods of
applying cement or filler compositions to the teeth.
Subclass:
117
Radio- or X-ray opaque:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
wherein said composition exhibits a high absorptivity for
X-rays or radio rays.
Subclass:
118
Sealant or adhesive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein said composition is to be used as a sealant or
adhesive.
(1) Note. Tissue sealants, which seal one tissue to
another, are included herein.
Subclass:
120
Denture plate repair, adhesive, cushion, or modification
composition (e.g., modification of denture base to improve
fit, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition is used as a denture plate adhesive,
denture plate liner, denture plate cushion, or to repair or
modify denture plates.
(1) Note. A composition which is used to provide
supplemental denture material to fill in the spaces between
the high points of the jaw ridge is classified herein.
(2) Note. Included herein are denture plate liners used to
repair or modify denture plates.
(3) Note. Denture plate adhesives are generally used to
secure dentures within the mouth. Denture plate liners are
generally used to decrease irritation of the gums.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, subclasses 167-170 and 180-183 for methods,
apparatus, implements, and devices directed to denture plate
adhesives, liners, or cushions (See Note I, C in the main
definition of Class 433 for the general line).
Subclass:
121
Aperture affecting composition, e.g, earplug, dilator, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
wherein said composition is used to affect a body aperture.
(1) Note. Compositions used to fabricate an earplug which
is to be inserted into the ear to seal the auditory canal of
the ear are classified herein.
Subclass:
122
Composition having ingredient providing biocidal or biostatic
protection thereto or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition containing a synthetic resin and an
ingredient which prevents the commencement of biocidal
deterioration from fungi, bacteria, or other organism of the
resin is claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, a
composition containing a polyurethane rubber and an
ingredient which prevents the attack of a fungus on the
rubber.
(3) Note. A composition which is not claimed or solely
disclosed as a coating, fiber, or film-forming composition
having an ingredient which provides biocidal protection is
placed in Classes 523 and 524 as appropriate hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for
fertilizers.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 15.05 for a
nonsynthetic resinous composition containing an agent or
material specifically designed to render the coating or
plastic composition resistant to the effects of an
unwarranted organism.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for a pest-repelling composition, per
se, and for certain coated substrates wherein the substrate
functions as an applicator or carrier for the composition and
wherein the general intent is to provide a pesticidal or
pest-repelling effect rather than a means to protect the
carrier or substrate.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for compositions relating to the
treatment of plants for the purpose of defoliating or
retarding growth, especially 101 for a composition claimed
as fertilizer in combination with a biocide or fungicide.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, appropriate subclasses for a biocide-containing
composition which has a mere cleaning function.
Subclass:
123
Plant receptacle composition or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a plant receptacle
composition is claimed or soley disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A plant receptacle is a pot, box, or other
container adapted to hold earth or soil in which a plant or
crop is grown.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
useful, in preparing a plant receptacle, is placed in Classes
523 and 524 as appropriate hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, 66 for an apparatus or process directed
to a pot, box, or other container adapted to hold earth or
soil in which a plant is grown.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes having
significant molding steps.
Subclass:
124
Composition containing an additive which enhances degradation
by environmental stimuli or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition is claimed or solely disclosed as
having enhanced degradability by exposure to environmental
stimuli or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. Environmental stimuli includes but are not
limited to sunlight, heat, oxygen, moisture, radiation,
organisms, etc.
(2) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(3) Note. A composition which is pretreated by another
chemical species in order to commence the degradation process
is included herein.
(4) Note. Included herein are degradable agricultural
mulches devoid of fertilizer content, as well as compositions
which contain a material which generates oxygen by which an
organic polymer composition is broken into smaller fragments,
so that the smaller fragments can then be degraded by
microorganisms or other environmental stimuli.
(5) Note. For purposes of this subclass, the solid polymer
need not be the material having enhanced degradability.
(6) Note. A composition which contains a material which
generates oxygen, by which an organic polymer composition is
broken into smaller fragments; or a composition which is not
solely disclosed to be degradable by environmental stimuli,
is placed in Classes 523 and 524 as appropriate hereinbelow.
Subclass:
125
By light, heat, or radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
wherein said composition is degraded or wherein the
degradability of the composition is enhanced by the presence
of light, heat, or radiation.
(1) Note. This subclass includes compositions degraded by
solar or ionizing radiation or electromagnetic wave
exposure.
Subclass:
126
Containing organic salt of a transition metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein said composition contains an organic salt of a metal
of atomic number 21-30, 39-47, 57-79, or 89 or higher.
(1) Note. The organic salt may either be a reactant or a
nonreactant material.
Subclass:
127
Containing organohalogenated additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein said composition contains a halogen-containing
organic additive.
(1) Note. The halogen organic component may either be a
reactant or a nonreactant material.
Subclass:
128
Containing carbohydrate or cellular material derived from
plant or animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
wherein said composition is degraded by or in the presence of
a carbohydrate or a cellular material derived form a plant or
animal source (e.g., tree bark, fibers, etc.)
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "carbohydrate".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 9,
particularly the notes in the definition thereof, for a
definition of the term "cellular material".
Subclass:
129
Composition containing nonresinous organic material derived
from municipal solid waste disposal system or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition is claimed or soley disclosed as
containing municipal solid waste products or processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. Municipal waste for purposes of this subclass is
the solid waste product resulting from towns, cities, or
other habitable areas, and is not intended to including waste
products from mills, factories, etc.
(2) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(3) Note. A composition wherein a nonreactant material,
obtained from a scrap or waste product, is mixed with a
synthetic resin, is classified herein.
(4) Note. A composition wherein the nonreactant material is
the residue of a pyrolysis or incineration process is
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 40 for a process
of treating a scrap or waste product to recover a synthetic
resin therefrom.
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 34 for a
composition wherein the nonreactant material is obtained from
paper plant waste material.
Subclass:
130
Composition for plugging pores in wells or other subterranean
formations; consolidating formations in wells or cementing a
well or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility in sealing fissures or
crevices in stone, rock, or other subterranean formations, or
in consolidating a formation in a well, or in cementing a
well is claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Compositions used to produce a bond between the
casing and the well wall are considered as well cements and
are therefore classified herein.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as a
composition for plugging pores in wells or other
substerranean formations, or for consolidating formations in
wells, or cementing a well, is placed as appropriate in
classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, 244.1 for processes with significantly claimed
steps of well treating or operating which involves more than
the mere use of such compositions; or subclasses 285+ for
methods of cementing, plugging, or consolidating the earth
around a well bore.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 65 for processes of
utilizing liquid, plastic, or fluent compositions to
penetrate the earth's surface.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 263 for a method of
applying a composition directly to an earth formation to fill
a subterranean cavity within the formation.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for liquid, plastic, or fluent compositions specialized
and designed for use in earth boring or well fracturing,
e.g., well drilling mud, etc., and subclasses 200+ for earth
or well treating compositions which are other than those used
for plugging the pores of the well, for consolidating a
formation in a well, or for cementing a well.
Subclass:
131
Composition for treating unconsolidated or loose strata,
e.g., sand consolidation, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the composition is used to treat unconsolidated,
incompetent, or loose strata, such as sand in a well.
Subclass:
132
Composition for in situ soil conditioning or treating or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition has utility in situ as a soil
conditioner or stabilizer.
(1) Note. Included herein are compositions such as those
designed to penetrate, compact, or cement soil, or to alter
the soil to a state of fine aggregates which thereby permits
passage of air or water, or to perfect the substrate to be
capable of growth of living matter. To be proper herein, a
composition must be claimed or solely disclosed as having a
utility necessary for this subclass.
(2) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(3) Note. The term "soil" is used in a general sense to
refer to the various sands, clays, silts, or loams in the
various parts of the earth.
(4) Note. Agricultural mulch compositions devoid of
fertilizer are classified herein.
(5) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as a
soil conditioning or stabilizing composition is places as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for degradable argicultural mulch devoid of fertilizer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclasses for a process or apparatus for
recovering valuable material from the earth or disintegrating
hard material in situ.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses for treating or otherwise working with the earth
when limited to the making, installing, repairing or
maintaining of a highway, pathway, or walking structure;
especially note 76 which relate to processes of
conglomerating or combining minute surface particles or earth
components into larger aggregate units or into relatively
firm masses in said construction.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses
for methods of utilizing soil stabilizing or conditioning
compositions in the earth's formation.
Subclass:
134
Battery container or battery container cover composition or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a battery container
or battery container cover composition is claimed or solely
disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. See the subclass definition of this class for an
explanation of patent placement referring to "claimed or
solely disclosed".
(2) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as a
battery container or battery container cover composition is
placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, appropriate subclasses
for a battery container or battery container cover having
more than a mere "nominal" inclusion of structure; especially
note 524.1 for acid proof receptacles; subclass 333 for a
battery package; and subclasses 328+ for an electrical
article.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, appropriate subclasses for a special
receptacle having battery structure.
Subclass:
135
Solar energy absorption or solar reflection composition or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a solar energy
reflector or absorber is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition utilized to minimize heat buildup
in the interior of objects exposed to sunlight, by reflecting
the solar heat, would be classified herein.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as a
solar energy reflector or absorber is placed as appropriate
in Class 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 93
for processes or apparatus for separating liquids from solids
or contacting solids with gases or vapor by treating with
solar energy.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 235.1 for processes or apparatus
utilizing solar energy to remove heat from a substance.
Subclass:
136
Composition sensitive to or resistant to radioactive material
or cathode rays (e.g., electron bombardment, etc.) or process
of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition which is resistant to, yet does not
absorb radioactive materials or cathode rays is claimed or
solely disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
being resistant to radioactive materials or cathode rays is
placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 515.1 for methods of using and
apparatus for X-ray shields which absorb energy propagated in
the form of electromagnetic waves or traveling subatomic,
atomic, or molecular particles.
252, Compositions, for special use compositions of that class
containing a synthetic resin and see in particular subclasses
582-589 for compositions specialized for use as optical
filters including those which filter ray energy outside the
visible spectrum, such as ultraviolet, infrared, or X-rays;
subclasses 301.16+, especially subclass 301.35 for optical
brighteners or organic luminescent compositions containing a
synthetic resin; subclass 478 for shielding compositions
which may contain a synthetic resin designed to prevent the
passage of X-ray radiation and alpha, beta, or gamma rays and
other energy sources which are released in nuclear
transformation; and subclasses 600+ for compositions which do
not contain a synthetic resin but are responsive to
radiation.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 4
for a X-ray contrast composition; and subclasses 59+ for a
sun or radiation screening composition to be applied to a
living body, such as sun lotion.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 160 for coating processes
wherein the coating has X-ray properties.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses, and see in
particular 269 and 495.1+ for compositions which are
affected by radiation to form an image and for processes of
making images from compositions affected by radiation, and
the resultant products thereof.
Subclass:
137
Electromagnetic wave absorbing composition or process of
preparing (excludes visible IR or UV portions of spectrum):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition which absorbs electromagnetic waves
(excluding the visible, IR or UV portions, of the
electromagnetic spectrum) is claimed or solely disclosed or
to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition which absorbs electromagnetic waves
which is not solely disclosed is placed as appropriate in
Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 515.1 for methods of using and
apparatus for X-ray shields which absorb energy propagated in
the form of electromagnetic waves of traveling subatomic,
atomic, or molecular particles.
252, Compositions, for special use compositions of that class
containing a synthetic resin and see in particular subclasses
582-589 for compositions specialized for use as optical
filters including those which filter ray energy outside the
visible spectrum, such as ultraviolet, infrared, or X-rays;
subclasses 301.16+, especially subclass 301.35 for optical
brightners or organic luminescent compositions containing a
synthetic resin; subclass 478 for shielding compositions
which may contain a synthetic resin designed to prevent the
passage of X-ray radiation and alpha, beta, and gamma rays
and other energy energy sources which are released in nuclear
transformations; and subclasses 600+ for compositions which
do not contain a synthetic resin but are responsive to
radiation.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 4
for a X-Ray contrast composition; and subclasses 59+ for a
sun or radiation screening composition to be applied to a
living body, such as sun lotion.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 160 for coating process
wherein the coating has X-ray properties.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses, and see in
particular 269 and 495.1+ for compositions which are
affected by radiation to form an image and for processes of
making images from compositions affected by radiation, and
the resultant products thereof.
Subclass:
138
Composition for contact with hot propulsion or exhaust gas or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition which is to be in contact with either a
hot propulsion gas or exhaust has is claimed or solely
disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Included herein are compositions which line the
combustion chamber of a rocket motor or the exhaust system of
an automobile or space vehicle.
(3) Note. Ablative compositions which are to be in contact
with hot propulsion or exhaust gases are included herein.
(4) Note. A compositions which is to be in contact with hot
propulsion or exhaust gases which is not solely disclosed is
placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for an ablative composition not designed to be in
contact with hot propulsion or exhaust gases.
Subclass:
139
Composition related to metal foundry molding or metallurgical
furnace or process or preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility in the casting or metals
or in metallurgical furnaces is claimed or solely disclosed
or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Compositions drawn to separate components of a
foundry system such as resin coated sands, binders, or
powdered facing agents, as well as the composite foundry
system, are classified herein.
(3) Note. Compositions relating to foundry molding with no
reference to glass or metal are assumed to be metal foundry
molding compositions are thus classified herein.
(4) Note. A composition solely disclosed as not having
utility in the casting of metals or in metallurgical furnaces
is placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
Subclass:
140
Hot-top or taphole plug composition or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition is used as or in hot-tops of ingot
molds or for plugging tapholes of black furnaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 or 142+, for compositions relating to tundishes with no
reference to hot-tops.
Subclass:
141
Composition for metallurgical furnace or oven or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition is for a metallurgical furnace or
oven apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301.
252, Compositions, 500 for compositions for lining electric
furnaces or for linings recited only in terms of their
composition when the composition, in addition, has the
property of being electrically conductive.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for processes of furnace lining
formation or repair.
Subclass:
142
Organic polyisocyanate or derived from polyisocyanate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with a compound
containing two or more N=C=X groups (wherein X is a
chalcogen, i.e., O, S, Se, or Te) or wherein a solid polymer
has been derived from a reactant containing two or more N=C=X
groups (wherein X is a chalcogen, i.e., O, S, Se, or Te).
(1) Note. Polyurethanes absent a disclosure to the contrary
are presumed to be prepared from polyisocyanates and as such
are properly classifiable herein.
Subclass:
143
Phenolic, amine or ketone condensate with aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with a
phenol-aldehyde, aldehyde-ketone, or amine-aldehyde
condensate.
(1) Note. Included herein are condensation products formed
from aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives. See the Class 520
Glossary for a definition of the term "aldehyde or aldehyde
derivative".
Subclass:
144
Furan-type material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with a resin or
monomer derived from a furan-type material.
(1) Note. Furan-type material is limited to furan or to
derivatives containing a five-membered hetero ring having
four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom and also having two
double bonds within the hetero ring, e.g., furan, furfuryl
alcohol, etc.
Subclass:
145
Phenolic or amine or ketone condensate with aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with a
phenol-aldehyde, aldehyde-ketone, or amine-aldehyde,
condensate.
Subclass:
146
With or derived from carboxlic acid or salt thereof or
organic sulfur material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with a carboxylic
acid, carboxylic acid salt, or organic sulfur material.
(1) Note. A composition using benzenesulfonic acid as
curing catalyst would be classified herein.
(2) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "carboxylic acid or derivative" which encompasses
salt.
Subclass:
147
With or derived from organic hydroxy group containing
material containing eight or more carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or reacts with an organic
hydroxyl group containing material having more than seven
carbon atoms.
(1) Note. A composition for foundry molds wherein the resin
binder is the reaction product or phenol, formaldehyde, and
sucrose would be classified herein.
Subclass:
148
Polyester bases:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a solid polymer derived from
at least one polyol and at least one polycarboxylic acid.
Subclass:
149
Friction element composition process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a friction element is
claimed or solely disclosed or ton processes of preparation
thereof.
(1) Note. See the class definition of this class for an
explanation of patent placement referring to "claimed or
solely disclosed".
(2) Note. Any composition used to enhance friction is
condsidered to be a friction element for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for an abrasive material or composition.
508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces,
and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, 110 for liquid,
plastic, or fluent compositions specialized and designed for
use between two moving surfaces for reducing friction
therebetween or for preventing the surfaces from contacting
each other.
451, Abrading, for apparatus and processes of abrading.
Subclass:
150
Nonskid or nonslip composition for vehicle or pedestrian
movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the composition imparts nonskidding or nonslipping
properties to surfaces used in pedestrian or vehicular
movement.
(1) Note. Compositions to be applied to a fisherman's boat,
to the bottom of a shoe, a wood deck, or a concrete floor in
order to provide a nonslip or nonskid surface are examples of
compositions for this subclass as well as are treaded
surfaces or walks.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 19 for pavement
structure relating to characteristics which tend to reduce
skidding or render the traffic surface nonslippery.
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,
190 for pulleys including a composition on the rim to
increase the traction on the belt.
Subclass:
152
For wheeled vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the composition is used as a friction element for
autombiles, trains, trailers, roller skates, skateboards, or
other wheeled vehicles.
(1) Note. Any composition used to enhance friction is
considered to be a friction element for this subclass.
(2) Note. Asbestos is a group of impure magnesium silicate
minerals which occur in fibrous form. Included with the term
asbestos are amianthus, earth flax, mountain cork stone flax,
fibrous actinolite, amphibole, chrysotile.
(3) Note. Serpentine asbestos is the mineral chrysotile.
(4) Note. Amphibole asbestos includes the minerals,
tremolite, actinolite, amosite, crocidolite, and
anthopyllite.
(5) Note. For placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 208 for antiskid tires.
188, Brakes, 250 for a brake element having significant
brake structure and which brake element may include as an
element a lining or facing of traction or friction
composition.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 107 for
clutches having significant clutch structure which clutches
may include as an element a lining or facing of a traction or
friction composition.
Subclass:
153
Containing fibrous or polycrystalline refractory oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a refractory oride, either
fibrous or polycrystalline in nature.
(1) Note. Single metal or double metal oxides or mixtures
thereof of thoria, urania, yitria, titania, chromia,
magnesia, calcia, alumina, zirconia, and of the alkaline
earth or rare earth oxides are examples of refractory oxides
for this subclass. Only those oxides however in fibrous or
polycrystalline form are included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
Subclass:
155
Composition devoid of asbestos:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the composition does not contain asbestos.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
Subclass:
156
Containing at least two organic materials, e.g., binder plus
other organic material, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains at least two organic
materials.
(1) Note. Included herein is an asbestos-free composition
containing two organic binders.
(2) Note. The organic material may be in monomeric or
polymeric form and may be either liquid, solid, or gas.
Subclass:
157
Containing at least two organic materials, e.g., binder plus
other organic material etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains at least two organic
materials.
(1) Note. The organic material may be either solid, liquid,
or gas and may be in monomeric or polymeric form.
(2) Note. An example of a composition for this subclass
would be two solid polymers plus asbestos or a friction
element or a solid polymer, organic binder, and asbestos.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
Subclass:
158
Composition contains a phenolic, amine, or ketone condensate
with aldehyde plus a polymer derived from ethylenic monomers
only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a phenol-aldehyde,
amine-aldehyde, or ketone-aldehyde, condensate and a solid
polymer derived solely from ethylenic monomers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
Subclass:
159
Containing asbestos and at least one inorganic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains asbestos and at least one
other inorganic nonreactive material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for placement of patents in this subclass and its
indents, the classification should be based upon the
specification along with the claims. Thus, the specification
and the claims should be read to determine if asbestos or an
organic or inorganic material is present or absent. A patent
which does not claim asbestos but wherein the disclosure is
limited to asbestos would be originally classified into an
asbestos containing subclass.
Subclass:
160
Printing ink composition for glass or ceramic substrate or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as an ink for either a
glass or ceramic substrate is claimed or solely disclosed or
to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An ink composition which is not solely disclosed
to be used on a glass or ceramic substrate is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 20 for ink
compositions not containing synthetic resins for either glass
or ceramic substrates.
Subclass:
161
Invisible, ballpoint, or typewriter ink compositions or
process of preparing; or composition for correction ribbons
or correction fluids or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as an invisible ink,
ballpoint ink, typewriter ink, or a composition having,
utility as a correction ribbon or correction fluid is claimed
or solely disclosed, or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A invisible ink is a material to be used on a
surface and which requires an activating means so as to
become visible.
(3) Note. A composition for a correction ribbon or
correction fluid is used to rectify mistakes on printed
matter or duplicated matter.
(4) Note. An ink composition which is not solely disclosed
as being of an invisible nature or for ballpoint or
typewriter use or a composition which is not solely disclosed
for use in a correction ribbon or correction fluid is placed
as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 20 for a ballpoint
or typos:graphic ink composition not containing a synthetic
resin; and subclass 21 for an ink composition not containing
a synthetic resin and which produces invisible characters
when used, but which becomes visible when subjected to the
action of heat, light, or other subsequent treatment.
252, Compositions, 301.16 for inks containing a fluorescent
or phosphorescent material which become visible when
subjected to excitation, e.g., ultraviolet light, etc.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 209 for the
combination of a ball-point pen and ink particularly suitable
for such an implement (e.g., viscous ink).
Subclass:
164
Lead pencil or marking crayon composition or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as the writing material
in a lead pencil or crayon composition is claimed or solely
disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
useful as the marking material in a lead pencil or crayon is
placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 19 for a lead pencil
or crayon composition not containing a synthetic resin.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 49 for pencils
wherein significant structure of the pencil is claimed.
Subclass:
166
Composition for puncture proof tire liner or in emergency
tire repair (e.g., tire inflation, etc.) or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as either a puncture
sealant for a pneumatic tire or a composition used in the
emergency repair of vehicular tires is claimed or solely
disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Included herein are inflating compositions.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed for a
puncture proof liner or for use in emergency tire repair is
placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 33 for leak
stopping coating or plastic compositions not containing a
synthetic resin.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses for
puncture proof tire liner compositions in combination with
the pneumatic tire, per se; not especially 502 for
self-healing materials provided for in the tire body or
within the cavity of the tire; subclasses 367+ for devices
for application to a tire surface for covering a puncture or
blowout; and subclasses 415+ for devices combined with
vehicle or wheel structure for inflating pneumatic tires.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
94 for processes directed to restoring a damaged or
defective article or material by a laminating procedure; and
in particular subclasses 95+ for repairing a toroidally
shaped article.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 36.1 for processes of molding, casting, or
plastic shaping a nonmetallic material in which a worn,
damaged, or used article is restored or repaired for reuse in
a similar capacity without altering or destroying the overall
configuration of the article. See especially, subclass 36.14
for toroidal shaped articles (e.g., resilient tires, etc.).
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 11 for tire-repairing apparatus; subclasses 17+
for tire-recapping, rebeading or sidewall-replacing means;
and subclasses 28.1+ for tire or tire tube reshaping,
resizing, or vulcanizing performs.
Subclass:
167
Composition utilized in the manufacturing or repairing of
shoes (excluding shoe heels or soles or polish) or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility in the manufacturing or
repairing of shoes is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes or preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Shoe sole or heel compositions as well polishes
are excluded from this subclass; however, compositions used
to cover a heel or sole and bases for heels are included
herein.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
useful in the manufacturing or repairing of shoes is placed
as appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
12, Boot and Shoe Making, appropriate subclasses for a
process of manufacturing or repairing a foot covering and
apparatus used in said manufacturing or repairing.
36, Boot, Shoes, and Leggings, appropriate subclasses for
shoes and shoe elements such as soles, heels, or insoles.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 3 for shoe polishes
(not containing a synthetic resin); and subclass 38 for a
coating or plastic composition specifically designed for a
filling in the bottom of shoes or soles.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
forming laminated articles including shoe parts of elements.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 244 for a process of uniting a shoe part
to an upper.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for a means to mold a shoe
heel or sole, per se, as a composite, into a disclosed
diverse shoe part.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for a process
of coating in general, including coating leather.
Subclass:
168
Optical glass cementing or slide mounting composition or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a cement either for
cementing optical glass or for mounting specimens on glass
slides is claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Cement compositions for mounting material for
histological, pathological, or bacteriological specimens onto
glass slides are classified herein.
(3) Note. A composition used as a cement either for
cementing optical glass or for mounting specimens of glass
slides and which is not solely disclosed for those purposes
and for compositions to secure labels onto glass is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
Subclass:
169
Antifogging or water repellent composition for optical or
windshield application or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility to preserve visibility
though a windshield or other optical device either by
preventing the buildup of fog or rendering the surface
hydrophobic thereby causing the surface to repel water is
claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of preparation
thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An antifogging or water repellent composition and
which is not solely disclosed for those purposes is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 13 for a
coating or plastic composition not containing a synthetic
resin specialized in preventing the formation of fog, frost,
or ice on a surface of a window.
252, Compositions, subclass 70 for a frost-preventing,
ice-thawing, thermostatic, thermophoric, or cryogenic
composition.
Subclass:
170
Glass enamel composition or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility either as an enamel
composition for a glass substrate or as a medium or binder in
the production of glass enamel is claimed or solely disclosed
or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An enamel for purposes of this subclass is a
vitrifiable or glaze forming composition.
(3) Note. A glass enamel composition which is not solely
disclosed for that purpose is placed as appropriate in
Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 312 for a
material or ingredient specifically designed to produce
opacity in glass in the form of vitreous enamels or glazes.
Subclass:
171
Composition having opalescent, pearlescent, or variegated
color or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having at least two distinct colors or
exhibiting opal-like or pearl-like coloration is claimed or
solely disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition having opalescent, pearlescent, or
variegated color and which is not solely disclosed as having
those properties is placed as appropriate in Classes 523 and
524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for continuous liquid phase colloid systems
(e.g., foams, emulsions, suspensions, dispersions) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
172
Pavement or sign marking or reflex reflecting composition or
process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition utilized either as an applied marking
for pavements (e.g., roads, streets, highways, aircraft
landing strips, etc.) or for signs, e.g., for defining
traffic lanes, pedestrian crosswalks, traffic instruction,
etc., or as an applied reflex-reflector is claimed or solely
disclosed or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A reflex-reflector composition is defined to be
either a composition applied to a reflective surface to
return light back toward its source in a brilliant cone with
the axis of the cone essentially common with the incident
beam of light or a composition to exhibit to a viewer both
true daytime color and true nighttime color.
(3) Note. A road surface paving composition is not
considered to be a pavement marking composition and is
therefore excluded herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, appropriate subclasses
for signs which impart information either permanently affixed
to a road or merely mounted nearby.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses for a road component used in the construction,
maintenance, or repair of roads with significant structural
description.
524, Synthetic Resins and Natural Rubbers, 59 for asphalt
containing compositions.
Subclass:
173
Cable filling or flooding composition or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a filling or flooding
composition for cables (especially, but not restricted to,
telecommunication cables which are particularly subject to
the ingress of water) is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
useful in cable filling or flooding is placed as appropriate
in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate
subclasses for a combination of a structurally claimed
conductor either coated or covered with a dielectric.
252, Compositions, 570 for a fluid dielectic not containing
a synthetic resin.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 500 for a composite plastic cable molding
apparatus.
Subclass:
174
Phonograph record molding composition or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a phonograph record
molding composition or a phonograph record, per se, is
claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of preparation
thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Included herein are phonograph record
compositions, per se, without significant structure.
(3) Note. A molding composition which is not solely
disclosed as useful in preparing a phonograph record is
placed as appropriate in classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 36.13 for a process of repairing or
restoring articles which have utility in making sound
producing records; subclasses 106+ for a process of molding
or shaping an article to produce sound reproducing grooves on
its surface, and subclasses 239+ for molding operations which
produce articles, per se, and which have utility in making
sound producing records.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 272 for a
composition with sufficient claimed structure for records of
sound or having such records formed in or on them. The mere
presence of "sound grooves" but not the structure thereof is
not considered significant sound record structure.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a disc of the type used in producing a sound
record wherein some specific structure is recited, e.g.,
grooves, center hole, or circular shape, but does not include
sound.
Subclass:
175
Liquid-solid drag reduction composition or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility related to improving
drag reduction formations or systems which are effective for
reducing the dynamic drag of turbulent fluid in contact with
a surface is claimed or solely disclosed or to processes of
preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Drag reduction is defined to be the increase in
the volumetric flow rate of a fluid at a constant pressure
drop due to the addition of a solid polymeric material of
relatively high molecular weight. The mere mention of a
"drag reduction" composition is sufficient to place a patent
in this subclass.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed to be
useful in drag reduction is placed as appropriate in Classes
523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for processes of handling
fluid materials, including gas and liquids, in which the flow
of fluent materials is facilitated by the addition of
material to the fluid for the purposes of affecting the flow
characteristics of the fluent material.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 198 for wetting agents (e.g., spreading,
penetrating, leveling) or methods of making such agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
176
Anaerobic adhesive or thread sealing composition or process
of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as an anaerobic adhesive
or thread sealant is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An anaerobie adhesive is defined to be an adhesive
which remains liquid in the presence of air but which
polymerizes upon the exclusion of air to form a hard, durable
resin with adhesive properties. A thread sealant is defined
to be composition designed to obtain an adequate seal at high
pressures for a threaded connection, such as a pipe joint.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as
being an anaerobic adhesive or thread sealant is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
Subclass:
177
Coating or adhesive composition for application to a wet or
contaminated surface (e.g., underwater or oil-contaminated,
etc.) or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition intended for application to a wet or
contaminated surface is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. Paint or repair compositions which are to be
applied underwater, and coatings and adhesives designed for
oil-contaminated surfaces are examples of compositions
classified in this subclass.
(3) Note. A coating or adhesive composition intended for
application to a wet or contaminated surface and which is not
solely disclosed for that purpose is placed as appropriate in
Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
Subclass:
179
Intumescent coating or ablative composition or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as an ablative or an
intumescent coating composition is claimed or solely
disclosed, or to processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An intumescent coating composition is defined to
be a composition which contains, in addition to a synthetic
resin, an additive (such as a phosphate containing or a
carbonific or other carbon-yielding material) which
intumesces (i.e., froths or puffs in such a manner that a
considerably swollen solid cellular residue is produced,
which is noncombustible) when heat or fire is applied
thereto.
(3) Note. An ablative composition is one which tends to
limit convective heat transfer from a high temperature source
to a lower temperature source on a substrate to which the
composition has been applied.
(4) Note. This subclass does not provide a for a
fire-retardant composition which does not state the ability
of the composition to intumesce or ablate.
(5) Note. A coating composition which is not solely
disclosed as being ablative or intumescent is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 15.05 for a coating
composition (not containing a synthetic resin) which when
applied to a surface forms a hard tenacious adherent film and
which contains a fireproofing or biocidal agent.
252, Compositions, 601 for a composition which is
specialized and designed for use in treating materials to
make them less combustible or more resistant to fire.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single-layered shaped web or sheet or a plural-layered web or
sheet which is intumescent.
Subclass:
180
Solid propellant binder composition or process of preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a binder in a solid
propellant composition is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. An aerosol spray composition is not included
under the definition of this subclass and is therefore
excluded herein.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed as a
binder in a solid propellant composition is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,
especially 2 for an explosive or thermitic composition where
a particular shape or structure of either an ingredient of
the composition, a solid-solid suspension, or a compacted or
bonded mass of ingredients is defined.
Subclass:
181
Composition devoid of magnetic materials and suitable for
preparation of magnetic tape recording or process of
preparing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition having utility as a magnetic-tape
recording composition is claimed or solely disclosed or to
processes of preparation thereof.
(1) Note. For an explanation of patent placement referring
to claimed or solely disclosed, see (in the class definition)
the section of SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS that refers to
this subclass.
(2) Note. A "magnetic-tape recording composition" is defined
to be a composition for magnetic purposes and contains a
synthetic resin but does not contain a magnetic material.
(3) Note. A composition which is not solely disclosed to be
used in the preparation of a magnetic tape is placed as
appropriate in Classes 523 and 524 hereinbelow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 100 for a process of altering the
magnetic property of a material which has at least one free
metal or alloy component.
252, Compositions, 62.51 for a composition containing a
synthetic resin and a magnetic material.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 502, 548, and 599 for a
process of utilizing a magnetic force or field to form a
magnetic recording device or medium; and subclasses 127+ for
a process of wherein the base or the coating is disclosed as
having magnetic properties.
Subclass:
200
Process of forming a composition of a solid polymer or solid
polymer-forming system by admixing a product in the form of a
surface coated, impregnated, encapsulated, or surface
modified fiber, sheet, particle, or web, with a material; or
composition which is the result of said admixing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a composition is formed by admixing a material with a
product, which product is a surface coated fiber, sheet,
particle, or web; or an impregnated fiber, sheet, particle,
or web; or an encapsulated or surface modified fiber, sheet,
particle, or web; or the composition formed by any of the
aforementioned mixing operations.
(1) Note. The product itself as recited above may contain a
synthetic resin or material proper for the Class 520 series
of classes, e.g., surface coated polymer particle, or the
polymer may surface coat another polymer or nonpolymeric
material. It is also permissible for this subclass that the
polymeric material proper for the Class 520 series be admixed
with a product which is a surface coated, impregnated,
encapsulated, or surface modified product as noted above but
which product itself is devoid of a polymer proper for the
Class 520 series.
(2) Note. This subclass requires the admixing of a product
proper for this subclass with a material to form a
composition wherein at least one ingredient of the
composition is nonreactive with a polymer proper for the
Class 520 series. The nonreactive material may be the
material or the product.
(3) Note. Compositions proper for this subclass either (a)
must recite some process language consistent with an admixing
process proper for this area, or (b) must be dependent
totally or in part on a claim which recites a process proper
for this area.
(4) Note. This subclass does not require that the product
admixed be in the same physical or chemical state after the
completion of the process as when said product was admixed
with the material so as to form a composition therewith. For
instance, the material may be ground up, further polymerized,
transitory, etc.
(5) Note. A solid polymer-forming system is a single
reactant or mixture of reactants which are disclosed or
claimed as being capable of forming a solid polymer proper
for the Class 520 series under the conditions recited in the
claims or which in the absence of a claimed recitation are
disclosed in the specification. See the Class 520 class
definition for a further elaboration of the type of subject
matter proper therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 50 for a material
impregnated or capsulated in a solid polymer.
Subclass:
201
Solid polymer particle enclosed in layer of diverse solid
polymer, e.g., core-shell, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a layer of a solid polymer
enveloping a diverse solid polymer is admixed with a material
so as to form a composition therewith or the composition
formed from such as admixing process.
(1) Note. The solid polymer which envelops the diverse
solid polymer need not be in a contiguous relationship
therewith, nor does the solid polymer need to be the
outermost layer of a multilayer product.
(2) Note. The polymer need not completely surround the
substrate polymer, but must substantially surround the
polymer.
(3) Note. A core-shell polymer is considered as a layer of
a polymer enclosing a diverse polymer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for a product involving two or more solid polymers but
wherein the relationship of the polymers is not of one
enveloping the other.
Subclass:
202
Product having a monomeric ethylenic reactant material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing an ethylenic reactant material
is admixed with a material so as to form a composition
therewith or the composition formed from such an admixing
process.
(1) Note. The ethylenic reactant material may be
polymerized in a step subsequent to the admixing process.
Subclass:
203
Silicon ethylenic reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter
wherein the ehtylenic reactant material contains a silicon
atom.
Subclass:
204
Product having an inorganic material surface coated onto an
organic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing an inorganic material surface
coated onto an organic substrate is admixed with a material
so as to form a composition therewith or the composition
formed from such an admixing process.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, the inorganic
material must be in a contiguous relationship with the
organic substrate.
Subclass:
205
Product having a solid synthetic polymer or solid
polymer-forming system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a solid synthetic polymer or
solid polymer-forming system is admixed with a material so as
to form a composition therewith or the composition formed
from such an admixing process.
Subclass:
206
Product having two or more solid synthetic polymers, or a
solid polymer and a solid polymer-forming system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein a product containing two or more solid polymers, or
at least one solid polymer and a solid polymer-forming system
is admixed with a material so as to form a composition
therewith or the composition formed from such an admixing
process.
Subclass:
207
Solid polymer or solid polymer-forming system is encapsulated
in or impregnated in a nonreactant material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a solid polymer or solid
polymer-forming system, impregnated in or encapsulated in a
nonreactant material, is admixed with a material so as to
form a composition therewith or the composition formed from
such an admixing process.
Subclass:
208
Solid polymer or solid polymer-forming system is or derived
from an aldehyde or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a solid polymer derived from an
aldehyde or derivative or containing a solid polymer-forming
system containing an aldehyde or derivative, is admixed with
a material so as to form a composition therewith or the
composition formed from such an admixing process.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for the definitions of
the terms "aldehyde" and "aldehyde derivative".
Subclass:
209
Product having a silicon atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
wherein the product contains a silicon atom.
Subclass:
210
Product having a material encapsulated in or impregnated in a
nonreactant material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product which contains a material encapsulated or
impregnated in a nonreactant material is admixed with another
material so as to form a composition therewith or the
composition formed from such an admixing process.
Subclass:
211
Reactant or catalyst is material encapsulated or
impregnated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Subject matter
wherein the material encapsulated in, or impregnated into the
nonreactive material is a reactant or catalyst.
(1) Note. The term "reactant" as used herein is consistent
with the context of the class definition of this class.
Subclass:
212
Product having a silicon atom as part of an organic
compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a silicon atom as part of an
organic compound is admixed with another material so as to
form a composition therewith, or the composition formed from
such an admixing process.
Subclass:
213
Silicon containing organic material having an atom other than
Si, C, H, or oxygen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the silicon organic compound contains at least one
atom which is other than silicon, carbon, hydrogen, or
oxygen.
Subclass:
214
Product having glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
wherein the product contains glass.
(1) Note. See the Class 520, Glossary for a definition of
the term "glass".
Subclass:
215
Product having elemental carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing elemental carbon in any of its
allotropic forms is admixed with a material so as to form a
composition therewith, or the composition formed from such an
admixing process.
Subclass:
216
Product having a silicon atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a product containing a silicon atom is admixed with a
material so as to form a composition therewith, or the
composition formed from such an admixing process.
Subclass:
217
Glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
wherein the product contains glass.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "glass".
Subclass:
218
Process of forming a composition having a nonreactant
material selected for its special void characteristic; or
composition containing same, e.g., syntactic foam, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a nonreactant or nonsolid polymer material which is
described as having at least one void therein is admixed with
a material so as to form a composition therewith, or the
composition formed from such an admixing process, e.g.,
syntactic foams, etc.
(1) Note. A material will not be considered as having a
void therein unless it is specifically noted in the claims or
solely described in the specification as having voids.
(2) Note. Included within the definition of void are those
materials described as containing cells, pores, cavities,
interstices or fissures.
(3) Note. Included herein are those processes wherein the
void may be subsequently filled or destroyed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for a material encapsulated or impregnated in a matrix
or for a filled void.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 50 for a solid
synthetic polymer containing a void therein and which void
containing polymer is not the result of the addition of a
nonpolymeric void or cell-containing material; and in
particular for subclasses 53+ for the addition of a material
to a cellular solid polymer.
Subclass:
219
Glass void:
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Subject matter
wherein the void containing material is glass.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for the definition of
the term "glass".
(2) Note. Included herein are hollow glass beads or glass
balloons.
Subclass:
220
Process of forming a composition having two or more solid
materials having defined physical dimensions or surface
areas; or composition containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein two or more solid materials having numerically
defined physical dimensions or surface areas are admixed
either together or with another material so as to form a
composition, or to the product formed from such an admixing
process.
(1) Note. The solid materials may be reactants, polymers,
or nonreactant materials. Included herein are also mixtures
wherein only solid polymers are described as having a size or
surface area.
Subclass:
221
Two or more solid synthetic polymers having defined physical
dimension or surface area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter
containing two or more solid polymers having numerically
defined physical dimensions or surface areas.
Subclass:
222
Process of forming a composition having a fiber which is
twisted, coiled, or involves specific mechanically
interengaged fibers other than fibers solely of glass; or
composition containing same, e.g., textiles, cloth, fiber
bundles, mats, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a fiber which is coiled, twisted, or mechanically
interengaged with other fibers and which fiber is other than
fibers solely of glass is admixed with a material so as to
form a composition or to the product formed from such an
admixing process.
(1) Note. Included herein are materials described as
textiles, cloths, fiber bundles, mats, webs, etc.
Subclass:
223
Process of forming a composition of a spheroidal material
having physical dimension or composition containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a material which has numerically defined spheroidal
shape is admixed with a material so as to form a composition
therewith, or to the product formed such an admixing
process.
(1) Note. A material will not be considered as being
spheroidal in shape unless it is claimed as such or solely
described in the specification as having such a shape.
Subclass:
300
Utilizing direct application of magnetic, electrical, or wave
energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a desired or intentional composition is prepared utilizing a
step of directly applying magnetic, electrical, or other wave
energy, including wave energy produced by the decay of
radioactive isotopes or by impact of a beam of highly
energetic particles or the impact of a laser beam.
(1) Note. The energy employed must be applied directly to
the intentional composition or to an ingredient of said
composition.
(2) Note. When the energy is not applied directly but is
used to generate heat or other kinetic energy which is
transferred to the desired composition or its ingredients,
then search the appropriate subclasses hereinbelow.
(3) Note. Sonic and ultrasonic wave energy are included
herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 157.15 for
processes preparing a specific compound utilizing a wave
energy process.
427, Coating Processes, 12 for coating processes involving
direct application.
Subclass:
303
Controlling process in response to a stated measurement or
test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
control of the treatment or formation of an intentional or
desired composition is altered in response to a stated
measurement or test.
(1) Note. Measurement or test must be described in more than
mere nominal terms. For example, "reacting until an acid
value of 100 is reached" is not sufficient since the acid
valve is a merely nominally stated desired result; however, a
claim which describes specific measurement and specific means
for responding to the measurement would be placed herein.
(2) Note. The control aspect relates to treating a
previously formed composition or altering or maintaining the
ingredient make-up of a composition in response to a stated
measurement or test, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 266-274 for chemical process
control or monitoring systems.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 22
for chemical analysis data processing for measurements.
Subclass:
305
Adding material to maintain a stated equilibrium condition
wherein the added material does not merely displace an equal
amount from the treatment zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein nondisplacing material is added in order to maintain
a stated equilibrium condition.
(1) Note. The material does not merely displace an equal
amount from the zone as in a series of weirs but replaces
material which has been removed by some other mechanism,
e.g., distillation, etc.
(2) Note. The state equilibrium is a desired condition and
any nonspecific means of measuring this equilibrium is
included. If the equilibrium condition is measured according
to a specific test or measurement then the process is
classified in subclass 303 supra.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for looped flow system.
Subclass:
306
Utilizing energy potential described as obtained as waste or
by-product from a prior or concurrent operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
utilizing energy potential described as obtained as waste or
by-product from a prior or concurrent operation, e.g., energy
cascading, etc.
(1) Note. Mere cascading of streams from vessel to vessel
is not sufficient unless the intent is to capture otherwise
waste energy potential. Intent will not be presumed but must
be shown by the description in the patent claims.
(2) Note. The process herein should be with recovery or
recycling of an unusual energy source thus specific intent is
required.
Subclass:
307
Utilizing a temperature greater than 250 deg.C (482 deg.F) or
less than 0 deg.C:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an intentional composition is treated or formed at a
temperature specified at either below 32 deg.F or above 482
deg.F, i.e., 0 deg.C or above 250 deg.C.
(1) Note. A process performed while "frozen" or under
"cryogenic" conditions will be placed herein unless there is
a disclosure that the temperature is greater than 32 deg.F.
Subclass:
309
With removal or communition of material at a temperature
greater than 250 deg.C or less than 0 deg., e.g., freeze
drying, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Process
wherein there is a step of removing a material from the
system or in particulating a material, and wherein the
removal or particulation step must be at the specified
temperature.
(1) Note. Included herein are latex concentration processes
and freeze drying processes, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for removal of material at reduced pressure and
temperature greater than 32 deg.F and less than 428
deg.Φ, ϵ.&ggr;., ϖαχ&ugr;&ugr;µ
σ&tgr;ρι&pgr;&pgr;ι&ngr;&ggr;,
ϵ&tgr;χ.
Subclass:
310
Utilizing an ion exchanger or a solid sorptive material or
semipermeable membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming an intentional or desired composition
including a step of treating with an ion exchanger or solid
sorptive material or semipermeable membrane.
(1) Note. Ion exchanger materials include, e.g., ion
exchange organic polymers and other ion exchange materials
such as synthetics and clays and modified clays.
(2) Note. The ion exchanger material must contain ionic
groups exchangeable with other ionic groups.
(3) Note. Sorptive materials include molecular sieves such
as zeolites which are a class of natural or manufactured
hydrated silicates of aluminum and either sodium or calcium
or both, of the type Na[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O.Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt].nSiO[subscrpt]2 [end subscrpt]- .xH[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O, which will accept and retain molecules that are
small and/or slender enough to pass through the pores, thus
separating them from a mixture with larger or bulkier
molecules.
(4) Note. When the ion exchanger material chemically reacts
with the solid polymer or solid polymer-forming system, there
must be other chemically inert ingredients ultimately present
for the process to be classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
525, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, for the reaction of an ion exchange material with
a solid polymer or solid-polymer forming system when no NRM
or DNRM is present.
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 480 for treatment
of polymers with ion exchange or sorptive material.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, subclass 820 for
purification of hydrocarbon liquids by sorption; and subclass
833 for purification by ion exchange.
Subclass:
312
Utilizing quiescent treatment condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the intentional or desired composition is treated or formed
utilizing at least one quiescent treatment condition, e.g.,
quiescent cooling, etc.
(1) Note. A quiescent condition involves not stirring or
otherwise subjecting the system to shear as during flow,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
313 for mixing under conditions which avoids or minimize
turbulence or shear, e.g., laminar flow, etc.
Subclass:
313
Utilizing mixing in a manner designed to avoid or minimize
turbulence or shear, e.g., laminar flow, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a desired or intentional composition is treated or formed
utilizing mixing which is performed in a manner intentionally
designed to avoid or minimize turbulence, e.g., laminar flow
or low shear, etc.
(1) Note. Laminar flow is specified nonturbulent flow for
purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
315
Utilizing streams or masses moving relative to each other at
a described angle of coincidence other than mere pouring,
e.g., countercurrent mixing, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein the motion of forming or treating said composition is
described by the angle of coincidence of two or more streams
or masses in motion relative to each other than mere
pouring.
(1) Note. Angle of coincidence refers to the contact of
streams or masses of material which are in motion relative to
each other.
(2) Note. The angle of coincidence can be described
qualitatively, e.g, stream A mixed transversely into stream
B; or quantitatively, e.g., stream A mixed with stream B at
an angle of 30 deg. between the streams, etc.
(3) Note. Some aspect of the angle must be described rather
than that which is merely inherent in "mixing" at all
possible angles.
(4) Note. Where the gravitationally falling mass is in the
form of a "curtain" or sheetlike path, directing a stream of
material "toward" the curtain is a sufficient qualitative
description of the angle since a family of angles relative to
the vertical is described.
(5) Note. Included herein is countercurrent mixing, i.e.,
the relative direction of flow is substantially 180 deg.
apart.
Subclass:
318
Utilizing stream or mass moving in a described attitude of
presentment relative to a zone, vessel, or another apparently
stationary mass or stream, excluding mere "pouring into",
e.g., from above, below, tangentially, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the motion of treating or forming said desired or
intentional composition is described by attitude of
presentment to a zone or vessel or stream, e.g., adding
material horizontally, tangentially, or from above or from
below, etc., other than mere "pouring into".
(1) Note. The attitude of presentment can be described
qualitatively, e.g., from above, from below, etc., or
quantitatively, e.g., adding at an angle 30 deg. from a
normal to the transverse axis of the vessel, etc.
(2) Note. Attitude of presentment refers to contact with a
zone, vessel, or apparently stationary mass.
(3) Note. An apparently stationary mass is a material whose
center of gravity is not in motion relative to the moving
mass; however, the apparently stationary mass may have
internal motion, e.g, a stirred mass or a fluidized bed of
material.
Subclass:
319
Utilizing treating or forming motion described by numerical
data other than mere temperature, pressure, time, or amounts
of material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein the motion involved with said treating or forming is
described by numerical data other than mere temperature,
pressure, amount of material, or time.
(1) Note. The numerical data must describe motion on a macro
scale, i.e., more than mere thermal or kinetic molecular
motion.
(2) Note. The numerical data must describe motion directly,
e.g., velocity or acceleration; or indirectly, e.g., shear
rate or Reynolds number or amount of mixing energy expanded.
(3) Note. The numerical data should describe the treating or
mixing motion as to intensity or quantity of energy or
turbulence imparted but not simply treatment duration,
temperature, or amounts of material mixed.
(4) Note. Pressure, per se, does not describe motion unless
there is movement in repsonse thereto, e.g., compressing the
mixture into a shape at 6000 psi, etc.
(5) Note. The list of excluded numerical data is not
intended to be complete since any numerical data is intended
to be excluded herefrom if there is no description of motion,
e.g., concentration, or grinding to a given particle size,
etc., is excluded unless somehow related to motion or
intensity of motion.
Subclass:
322
Rotational rate (RPM) or velocity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Process
wherein the treating or mixing motion is described by a
specified rotational rate or velocity.
Subclass:
323
Work input, e.g., horsepower-hour/pound, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Process
wherein the treating or mixing motion is described by a
specified work input, e.g., horsepower-hour/pound, etc.
Subclass:
324
Utilizing a treatment zone specifically described by shape
(other than nominally helical) or at least a part of which
zone is specifically described by dimension, material,
proportion, or angle of orientation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a desired or intentional composition is treated or formed
utilizing a treatment zone or vessel or portion of zone or
vessel specifically described by shape (other than nominally
helical, dimension, material, or angle of orientation to the
earth or other surface.
(1) Note. Mere statement that a vessel is made of metal or
plastic is not sufficient for this subclass, however,
specific classes of metals or plastics, e.g., noble metal or
polyolefin, etc., would be.
(2) Note. Relative statements of size, e.g., large, small,
thick, thin, etc., are not given weight unless a relative
proportional statement is made, e.g., base is three times
wider than the height, etc.
(3) Note. Angle of orientation relates to the earth or some
other surface, e.g., vertical, upright, normal, horizontal,
level, inclined, slanted, sloped, pitched, etc., these terms
are assumed to relate to the earth's surface. Angle of
orientation of a zone can be used to described the
orientation of the longer axis of the zone or vessel.
(4) Note. If no angle of orientation is stated in the claim
then classification will be made on another basis.
(5) Note. Reference to a class of treating apparatus, e.g.,
roll mill, ball mill, etc., is not a specific shape or
description sufficient for this subclass; however, a roll of
6 inches in diameter would be sufficient. See (6) Note.
(6) Note. The dimension of the zone or vessel relates to the
size, volume, cross-sectional area or proportional
relationship. An example of a proportional relationship
would be the description of a helical zone by relative
arrangement of helical flights.
(7) Note. Specific shape of the zone or vessel other than
merely "helical" is sufficient for this subclass. Also
excluded are the nominal terms "extruder", "screw extruder",
or "worm extruder".
(8) Note. Ball, hammer, or rod mills, are excluded herefrom
since these terms do not specifically describe the shape of
the zone or vessel.
(9) Note. Mere statement that a zone or vessel is
"elongated" is not sufficient.
Subclass:
326
Adding steam or hot water (T> 60 deg.C, i.e., 140 deg.F):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein steam or hot water directly contacts said
composition.
(1) Note. The hot water is hot water, per se, and not a hot
aqueous solution or mixture.
(2) Note. Hot water is defined as having a temperature
greater than about 60 deg.C, (i.e., 140 deg.F).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 499 for a process
of contacting a solid polymer or resinifiable intermediate
condensation product with water.
Subclass:
328
Removal of material by treatment with hot water or steam,
e.g., steam stripping, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Process
wherein steam or hot water is employed to remove material
from the composition, e.g., steam distillation, hot water
extraction, etc., or steam stripping, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 500 for a
process of steam stripping or steam distilling a solid
polymer or resinifiable intermediate condensation product.
Subclass:
330
Utilizing a gaseous stream to suspend to agitate a
particulate solid polymer composition, e.g., fluidized bed,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein a gaseous steam is utilized to suspend or agitate a
particulate solid polymer composition, e.g., fluidized bed or
gaseous carrier, etc.
(1) Note. For example, included herein are various drying
processes involving use of a gas stream such as spray drying,
fluid bed drying, or jet drying.
Subclass:
331
Drying a composition which is situated on a moving substrate
or drying utilizing a thin film evaporator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming a desired or intentional composition
wherein there is (a) a step of drying a composition which is
situated as a film or layer ona moving substrate, e.g., drum
drying, etc., or (b) a step of removal of material using a
thin film evaporator.
Subclass:
332
Extracting material from solid polymer latex or aqueous
dispersion or suspension with a liquid nonreactant material,
e.g., solvent stripping coprecipitation, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a solid polymer latex or aqueous dispersion is extracted with
a liquid solvent to remove material.
(1) Note. The product of this process must be a product
proper for this class, i.e., an intentional or desired
composition.
(2) Note. The liquid solvent need not be a solvent for the
solid polymer but merely a liquid nonreactant which serves as
an extractant for the material being removed.
(3) Note. The extraction step relates to removal of material
which is dissolved or dispersed in the extractant liquid.
Subclass:
333
Admixing a nonreactive additive ingredient in the form of a
slurry, dispersion, or suspension (liquid-solid); said
slurry, dispersion or suspension containing no solid polymer
or SICP:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating of forming a desired or intentional composition by
admixing the nonreactant in the form of a solid-liquid
slurry, suspension, or dispersion and wherein said slurry,
suspension, or dispersion is devoid of any solid polymer (SP)
or specified intermediate condensation product (SICP).
(1) Note. Slurry, suspension, or dispersion indicates at
least a two phase solid-liquid system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 501 for
admixing of aqueous latices containing SP or SICP.
Subclass:
334
Slurried, dispersed, or suspended ingredient admixed with
previously formed latex, aqueous dispersion or aqueous
suspension of a solid polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Process
wherein the slurried, dispersed or suspended ingredient is
mixed with a previously formed latex or aqueous dispersion or
aqueous suspension of a solid polymer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for the simultaneous addition of slurried ingredients to
solid polymer and water.
Subclass:
335
Creaming, agglomerating, or coalescing a solid polymer latex
or aqueous dispersion wherein solid polymer latex or aqueous
dispersion is the result:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an aqueous dispersion or latex of a solid polymer is treated
by a step of creaming, agglomerating, or coalescing which
step does not destroy the latex or aqueous dispersion.
(1) Note. Creaming relates to separation of a latex into a
cream layer having most of the dispersed solid polymer and a
layer having most of the aqueous components of the latex;
however, the cream layer remains a latex or aqueous
dispersion.
(2) Note. Agglomerating or coalescing refers to regulation
of the particle size of the dispersed solid polymer particles
in the latex.
(3) Note. The creamed, agglomerated, or coalesced latex,
dispersion or suspension can be coagulated, broken, or
otherwise destroyed in a later step.
Subclass:
336
Inverting phase relationships or reapportioning the
distribution of ingredients among phases:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming an intentional or desired composition
with a step of inversion of an initial phase relationship,
i.e., a continuous phase becomes a dispersed phase; or a step
of reapportionment of the distribution of ingredients among
the phases.
Subclass:
337
Inversion to form water-in-oil system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Process
wherein said inversion step forms a water dispersed in oil
system, i.e., the aqueous phase is discontinuous.
Subclass:
339
With removal of a phase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Process
wherein at least one phase is removed partially or
completely.
(1) Note. The phase removal step is generally subsequent to
the phase inversion step.
Subclass:
340
Removing material at reduced pressure, e.g., flashing,
sublimination, spray drying, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating or forming an intentional or desired composition
wherein material is removed at reduced pressure, e.g.,
flashing, sublimation, etc., to yield a product which is an
intentional or desired composition.
(1) Note. Use of the term "stripping" is presumed to
indicate removal of materials under vacuum unless there are
other factors disclosed which permit another inference.
(2) Note. This subclass includes both vacuum distillation
or evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
processes of vacuum freeze drying.
528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 480 for polymer
purification by vacuum stripping, flashing, or sublimation.
Subclass:
342
With step of spraying or centrifuging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Process
wherein there is a step of spraying or centrifuging before,
during, or after the removal of material at reduced
pressure.
Subclass:
343
Treating an intentional composition with a step of removing
and recycling material into the composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process of
treating a previously formed desired or intentional
composition with a step of removing material and recycling
said material into the composition.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for loops in a flowing
system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 wherein recycling is to achieve a stated equilibrium
other than mere displacement equilibrium.
Subclass:
344
Multistep operation achieved within a stated interval of
time, e.g., total cycle time, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an intentional or desired composition is treated or formed by
a multistep operation which is achieved within a stated
interval of time, e.g., mixing, devolatilizing, and extruding
accomplished within a specified time period, etc.
(1) Note. A single step of specified duration, e.g., mixing
for five minutes or heating for two minutes, etc., is not
sufficient for purposes of this subclass.
(2) Note. A specified time interval for a series of steps
which are themselves a subunit of a claimed process is
sufficient for this subclass so long as the subunit relates
to manipulation or formation of an intentional composition.
On the other hand, if the subunit of the claimed process is
some preliminary operation, e.g., mixing of nonpolymeric
ingredients or preparation of the solid polymer, etc., then
mere statements of a time interval for such subunit (or
routine) is not sufficient for this subclass.
(3) Note. An open-ended range for the time interval is
sufficient for this subclass, e.g., total time is "at least"
or "greater than" or "up to" six hours, etc.
(4) Note. Plural time interval steps are sufficient even if
not in a "subunit" of the process so long as each time
interval step relates to an operation which forms or treats
an intentional composition.
Subclass:
346
Utilizing plural mixing operations of specified varying
intensity, e.g., intensity of each mixing is reduced, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
an intentional or desired composition is treated or formed
utilizing plural mixing operations, at least two of which
vary in intensity as compared to each other, e.g., a series
of mixing operations specified to be of decreasing intensity,
etc.
Subclass:
347
Utilizing plural discrete pressures different than ambient:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein treatment or formation of the desired or intentional
composition involves discrete plural steps at pressures
different than ambient.
(1) Note. Process steps at ambient pressure can be included
herein so long as there are plural steps at nonambient
pressure.
(2) Note. Pressure can be elevated or reduced.
(3) Note. A continuous development of pressure is excluded
herefrom unless there is a high or low "plateau" stated,
e.g., 30 psi operation, increased to 60 psi and operation at
60 psi, etc.
Subclass:
348
Utilizing plural interconnected distinct forming or treating
zones or locations other than nominal screw extruder, e.g.,
zones interconnected parallel or having varying flow
velocity, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a desired or intentional composition is treated or
formed in a process utilizing plural interconnected distinct
forming or treating zones.
(1) Note. A mere screw extruder is excluded herefrom since
the zones are not necessarily distinct; however, an extruder
specifically described as having a plurality of distinct
zones is included herein.
(2) Note. The interconnected zones can be arranged in
series or in parallel relationship.
(3) Note. Distinctness of zones is indicated by language
showing either physical separation, differing configuration,
the assignment of different function, or distinctness of
location within a physically continuous zone (e.g., points A
and B in an extruder zone, etc.
(4) Note. Interconnected indicates physical connection
enabling directed flow of fluent materials therebetween.
Subclass:
351
Utilizing plural mixing operations in preparation of a solid
polymer inert ingredient concentrate, e.g., master batch,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a desired or intentional composition is treated or formed
utilizing plural mixing operations to produce a master batch
of solid polymer with an inert ingredient.
(1) Note. The mixing process must either be (a) specifically
described as a master batching, or (b) the intention of a
subsequent further mixing step of the concentrate with
additional material must be specified in the claim. In
either case, plural mixing steps must be recited in the
formation of the master batch.
(2) Note. Plural mixing steps includes plural stages of
blending, etc.
Subclass:
352
Utilizing multistage coagulation of a solid polymer latex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a solid polymer latex is coagulated in stages, e.g., by a
multistep or by treatment or addition of coagulant material
to obtain a crumb rubber intentional composition, etc.
(1) Note. Multistage coagulation includes any process
involving plural stages of completion of the degree of
coagulation of the latex.
Subclass:
353
Utilizing plural discrete mixing operations in specifically
described distinct noninterconnected zones:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
the intentional or desired composition is treated or formed
utilizing mixing involving two or more distinct
noninterconnected locations or zones.
(1) Note. The term mixing relates to the admixture of
materials or to imparting motion to a system which serves to
increase or maintain the homogeneity of the system.
(2) Note. Two mixing operations described as performed
"separately" will be presumed to be performed in distinct
zones or locations, e.g., "separately" mixing A with B and C
with D "parallel", or "concurrent" mixing are presumed to be
in discrete noninterconnected zones.
(3) Note. Distinctness is indicated by langage showing
physical separation of the mixers or by independently
performed mixing operations upon different compositions or
batches.
(4) Note. Noninterconnected indicates that the mixers are
not joined physically, e.g., as by conduits, etc.
Subclass:
375
Radioactive or Group VIIIA atom containing NRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein a radioactive element or a radioactive compound or
wherein an inert or noble gas or a compound thereof NRM is in
admixture with a solid polymer or specified intermediate
condensation product.
(1) Note. Radioactive materials are those which exhibit
spontaneous nuclear disintegration with emission of
radioactive particles and which comprise (a) an element or
compound which contains an element which has an atomic number
of at least 84, or (b) the compound or an element which has
been treated to render an isotope thereof radioactive.
(2) Note. An inert or noble gas or compound thereof contains
at least one element whose atom number is 2, 10, 18, 36, 54,
or 86, i.e., He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
Subclass:
400
Process of forming a composition containing a nonreactive
material (NRM) and a polymer containing more than one
1,2-epoxy group, or a preformed polymer derived from or
admixed with a reactant containing more than one 1,2-epoxy
group; or with a polymer derived from an epihalohydrin and a
polyhydrin phenol or polyol; or composition or product
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
concerning the process of forming a composition containing a
nonreactive material (NRM) admixed with at least one polymer
containing more than one 1,2-epoxy group; or with a polymer
derived from or admixed with a reactant containing more than
one 1,2-epoxy group; or with a polymer derived from an
epihalohydrin and a polyhydric phenol or polyol; or
composition or product thereof.
(1) Note. Polymers anticipated here would be of the type
containing two or more 1,2-epoxy groups, e.g.,
phenol-formaldehyde resin etherified with epichlorohydrin,
polyglycidyl methacrylate, epoxidized polybutadiene,
polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenol diglycidyl ether, or from
the reaction of epichlorohydrin with resorcinol or
1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, etc.
(2) Note. For purposes of classification here epoxidized
soybean oil (triglycerides of oleic, linoleic, linolenic
acids, etc.) if used as a reactant will be considered as a
plural epoxide in view of its inherent plural unsaturation.
Likewise, the epoxidation of other plural unsaturated
materials, e.g., polybutadiene, in the absence of disclosure
to the contrary, will produce a plural epoxide reactant.
(3) Note. The presence of a polyfunctional epoxy compound,
e.g, epoxidized peanut oil, which functions as a heat or
light stabilizer in given compositions is classified
elsewhere, e.g., in various subclasses of Class 524.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for compositions containing or derived from the excluded
1,2-epoxy polymers, e.g., polypropylene oxide, polystyrene
oxide, etc., and a NRM.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, approprite
subclasses, for compositions containing or derived from the
excluded 1,2-epoxy polymers, e.g., polypropylene oxide,
polystyrene oxide, etc., and a NRM.
Subclass:
401
Contains inorganic water settable material NRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains an inorganic water settable
material as a nonreactive material, e.g., a hydraulic cement
comprising an aqueous emulsion of an epoxy resin
(condensation product of epichlorohydrin and a polyhydric
alcohol), emulsifier, polyfunctional primary amine curing
agent and Portland cement, etc.
Subclass:
402
Product contains water, per se, or water of hydration as
designated nonreactive material (DNRM):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains water or water of hydration
as the DNRM.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass is water which is used
as a solvent for a catalyst or appears as a hydrate therewith
since such materials are not considered to be additives in
forming a desired composition.
Subclass:
403
Two or more polymers containing more than one 1,2-epoxy
group, two or more polymers derived from reactants containing
more than one 1,2-epoxy group, or combination thereof or one
of said polymers and a reactant containing at least one
1,2-epoxy group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains two or more polymers each
containing more than one 1,2-epoxy group, two or more
polymers derived from reactants containing more than one
1,2-epoxy group, or combination thereof; or one of said
polymers admixed with a reactant containing at least one
1,2-epoxy group, e.g., a mixture of the polyglycidyl ether of
bisphenol A diglycidyl ether admixed either with an
epoxidized soybean oil or epichlorohydrin, etc.
(1) Note. For purposes of classification, an epoxidized
soybean oil or other unsaturated triglycerides will be
assumed as plural epoxy materials.
Subclass:
404
With organic nitrogen or organic sulfur reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains an organic nitrogen or
organic sulfur compound as reactant, e.g., protein, etc.
Subclass:
406
Solid polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only (includes
in situ reactants from plural 1,2-epoxides):
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject
matter, wherein the composition contains a solid polymer
derived from ethylenic reactants only, e.g., polystyrene,
etc.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those ethylenic reactants
prepared in situ, i.e., preliminary reactions prior to the
polymerization step, e.g., reaction of acrylic acid with Epon
828 and subsequently polymerized with styrene, etc. Had the
epozy polymer been a solid, the reaction with acrylic acid
and subsequent polymerization is not applicable here and is
classifiable below or in subclass 402.
Subclass:
407
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only is graft,
graft-type, block, or block-type copolymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein the solid polymer is a graft, graft-type, block, or
block-type copolymer, e.g.,
polybutadiene-co-graft-polystyrene-acrylonitrile, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for the definition to
"graft and graft-type copolymer" and "block and block-type
copolymer".
Subclass:
408
Two or more polymers derived from ethylenic reactants only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains two or more polymers derived
from ethylenic reactants only, e.g., a mixture of polystyrene
and polymethyl methacrylate, etc.
Subclass:
409
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only derived from
reactant-containing chalcogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from
ethylenic ractants only, at least one of which contains
chalcogen, e.g., polyacrylic acid, etc.
(1) Note. Chalcogen for purposes of this subclass includes
oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
Subclass:
410
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactant only derived from
reactant-containing oxygen heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter
wherein the polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only is
derived from at least one reactant which contains an oxygen
heterocyclic, e.g., polystyrene-maleic anhydride, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "heterocyclic".
Subclass:
411
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only derived from
reactant-containing nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter
wherein the polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only is
derived from a nitrogen-containing reactant.
(1) Note. The nitrogen atom may be in the same reactant as
the chalcogen atom or may be in a separate nitrogen,
nonchalcogen-containing reactant which is copolymerized with
a chalcogen-containing reactant.
Subclass:
412
Polymer from ethylenic reactants only derived from
reactant-containing carboxylic acid ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter
wherein the polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only is
derived from a reactant containing a carboxylic acid ester
group, e.g., polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene-vinyl
acetate, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary under carboxylic acid
or derivative for a definition of the term "carboxylic acid
ester".
Subclass:
413
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only derivedffrom
plural unsaturated reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein the solid polymer from ethylenic reactants only is
one derived from a plural unsaturated reactant, e.g.,
polybutadiene, poly(styrene-divinyl benzene), etc.
Subclass:
414
Polymer contains more than one 1,2-epoxy group or one derived
from reactant containing more than one 1,2-epoxy group is
further derived from or reacted with organic nitrogen or
sulfur compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer containing more
than one 1,2-epoxy group or a polymer derived from a reactant
containing more than one 1,2-epoxy group and is further
derived from or reacted with an organic nitrogen or organic
sulfur compound, e.g., a glycidyl polyether of bisphenol A
cured with diethylene triamine, etc.
Subclass:
415
Organic nitrogen compound contains isocyanate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the organic nitrogen compound contains at least one
-N=C=O group or a blocked form thereof.
(1) Note. A blocked isocyanate is one wherein the -N=C=O
group has been rendered inert by conversion to an inactive
group.
Subclass:
416
Organic nitrogen compound is amine-aldehyde condensation
product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the organic nitrogen compound is an amine-aldehyde
condensation product, e.g., melamine-formaldehyde resin,
hexamethylol-melamine or any methylolated amine, etc.
Subclass:
417
Two or more organic nitrogen compounds as reactants:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains two or more organic nitrogen
compounds as reactants, e.g., a mixture of ethanolamine and
ethylenediamine, etc.
Subclass:
418
Organic nitrogen compound contains N-(C)*-(C=O)- group where
*=0, 1, 2.. ., e.g., protein, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a nitrogen compound which
contains the N group wherein n=0, 1, 2, e.g., protein, amide
hydrazide, etc.
(1) Note. Included herein also are the nitrogen
heterocycles with this functionality.
Subclass:
420
Organic nitrogen compound contains three or more nitrogen
atoms other than as solid polymer, e.g., diethylene triamine,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the organic nitrogen compound contains three or more
nitrogen atoms other than as contained in a solid polymer
wherein the nitrogen is a repeating group, e.g., diethylene
triamine, tetraethylene pentamine, etc.
(1) Note. Included herein is liquid polyacrylonitrile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for solid polyacrylonitrile compositions proper for this
class.
Subclass:
421
Organic nitrogen compound contains element other than C, H,
O, or N:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein the organic nitrogen compound contains an element
other than C, H, O, or N.
Subclass:
423
Polymer is graft, graft-type, block, or block-type
copolymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the compositions contains a graft, graft-type, block,
or block-type copolymer.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for definitions for
the terms "graft, graft-type, block, or block-type
copolymer".
Subclass:
424
Polymer is phenol-aldehyde condensation product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a phenol-aldehyde condensate
or polymer thereof.
Subclass:
425
Polymer derived from silicon reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from a
silicon-containing reactant, e.g., organopolysiloxanes, etc.
(1) Note. A polymer derived from a silicon reactant need
not be solid, but if it is a liquid there should be
disclosure that it is curable to produce a solid polymer.
Subclass:
426
Carboxylic acid, ester, or salt thereof DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a carboxylic acid, ester, or
salt thereof as DNRM, e.g., polyethylene-glycol monoacetate,
sodium laurate, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "carboxylic acid, ester, or salt".
Subclass:
427
Composition wherein two or more polymers or a polymer and a
reactant all contain more than one 1,2-epoxy group, or
product thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains two or more polymers or a
polymer and a reactant all of which contains more than one
1,2-epoxy group or product thereof, e.g., an epoxy resin of a
diglycidyl ether of an aliphatic diol and an epoxy resin from
bisphenol A, etc.
Subclass:
428
With reactant nitrogen or salt compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter
wherein the 1,2-epoxy reactant or 1,2-epoxy polymer are
treated with an organic nitrogen or sulfur compound.
Subclass:
429
Organic nitrogen compound contains N-heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
wherein the organic nitrogen compound contains a nitrogen
heterocycle, e.g., melamine-formaldehyde condensation
product, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "heterocyclic".
Subclass:
433
Polymer derived from reactant containing element other than
C, H, O, or N or chlorine-containing reactant of three or
more carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from a
reactant containing an element other than C, H, O, N or other
than a chlorine-containing reactant of less than three carbon
atoms, e.g., chloroprene, polydiphenylsiloxanes, etc.
Subclass:
434
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from
ethylenic reactants only, e.g., polymethyl methacrylate,
etc.
Subclass:
435
Solid polymer derived from reactant containing element other
than C, H, O, or N or chlorine-containing reactant of three
or more carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a solid polymer derived from
a reactant other than C, H, N, O, or other than a
chlorine-containing reactant of less than three carbons
atoms, e.g., chloroprene, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc.
Subclass:
436
Polymer is graft, graft-type, block, or block-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer that is a graft,
graft-type, block, or block-type copolymer, e.g., A-B-A
copolymer of styrene and butadiene, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition to
the terms "graft, graft-type, block, or block-type
copolymers".
Subclass:
437
Two or more polymers derived from ethylenic reactants only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains two or more solid polymers
derived from ethylenic reactants only, e.g., polymethyl
methacrylate admixed with polybutadiene-styrene, etc.
Subclass:
438
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only derived from
plural unsaturated reactants:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter
wherein a polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only is
derived from a plural unsaturated reactant, e.g., butadiene,
1,4-divinylbenzene, etc.
Subclass:
439
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only derived from
heterocyclic reactant other than 1,2-epoxy solely:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from
ethylenic reactants only and wherein the reactant is a non
1,2-epoxy heterocycle, e.g., poly(2-methyl-5- vinylpridine),
etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "heterocyclic".
Subclass:
440
Designated nonreactive material (DNRM) has numerically
specified characteristics, e.g., particle size, density,
etc., other than viscosity, m.p., b.p., molec. wt., chemical
composition or percentage range:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a DNRM having numerically
specified limitations, e.g., particle size, density, etc.,
other than viscosity, melting point (m.p.), boiling point
(b.p.) molecular weight (molec. wt.), chemical composition,
or percentage range.
Subclass:
442
Heavy or transition metal or compound thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM having numerical limitations contains a
heavy or transition metal or compound thereof, e.g., antimony
oxide, copper, nickel, etc.
(1) Note. A heavy metal is limited to those elements having
a specific gravity which is four or greater; and see the
Class 520 Glossary for a definition of "transition metal".
Subclass:
443
Silicon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM having numerical limitations contains a
silicon atom, e.g., silica, mica, clay, etc.
Subclass:
444
Glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter
wherein the silicon-containing material is a glass, e.g.,
fiber glass 0.060 inch in length, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "glass".
Subclass:
445
Boron DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM contains boron, e.g., boron nitride, etc.
Subclass:
446
Biologically derived cellular material other than cereal,
cotton or diatomaceous earth DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is biologically derived cellular material
other than cereal, cotton, or diatomaceous earth, e.g., cork,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
447 for a DNRM which is cereal or cotton.
466 for diatomaceous earth.
Subclass:
447
Carbohydrate or derivative including tannin or derivative
DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a carbohydrate or derivative.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "carbohydrate or derivative".
(2) Note. Included herein are tannins and tannin
derivatives as well as farinaceous meals or flours, starch,
etc.; and see Class 560, subclass 68 for a definition of
tannin or derivative.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
560, Organic Compounds, subclass 68 for a definition of
tannin or derivative
Subclass:
448
Cellulose derivative containing -C(=O) or N:
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter
wherein the carbohydrate DNRM contains repeating glucose
units having the following structure shown below, and wherein
R[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] to R[subscrpt]5[end subscrpt] at
least one of which is a R[subscrpt]6[end subscrpt], e.g.,
-OCH[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt], etc., or wherein one or more
of the -OR groups has been substituted with another atom or
group containing nitrogen, e.g., -NH[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], -C-NH[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], etc. [figure]
Subclass:
449
Protein or biologically active polypeptide DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a protein or biologically active
polypeptide, e.g., animal glue, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "protein or biologically active polypeptide".
Subclass:
450
Coal, asphaltic, or bituminous material DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is coal, bituminous, or asphaltic material.
(1) Note. The term bitumen refers to solid or semisolid
materials which are often black or dark brown and which occur
naturally or are obtained by refining petroleum or are the
components of coal which are soluble in organic solvents. The
term also applies generically to include natural and
synthetic asphalts, tar, and pitches. For example, natural
asphalts such as Trinidad, Bermuda, gilsonite, grahamite, and
Cuban, etc. Petroleum asphalt may be used such as these
obtained from California crudes, Smack over Arkansas crudes,
Mid-Continental air-blown oils, Mexican petroleum asphalts,
tarry residues known as cracked asphalts by-products during
the cracking of gas oil, or other heavier petroleum fractions
to obtain gasoline or other lighter fractions, etc. Further
still, bituminous materials may be used such as coal tar,
wood tar, petroleum pitches, and pitches obtained from
various industrial processes such as a fatty acid pitch,
etc.
(2) Note. Included within the subclass are oil shale or
shale material from which oil has or has not been recovered
as well as stearine pitch, coke products, coal tar and
pitches.
(3) Note. Included within this subclass are materials
generally described as asphalt. Asphalt derived from natural
deposits, e.g., gilsonite, etc., coal, or petroleum is
included herein.
Subclass:
451
Phosphorus DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a phosphorous compound, e.g., triphenyl
phosphite, zinc phosphate, etc.
Subclass:
452
Phosphorus directly bonded to nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Subject matter
wherein the phosphorus compound contains a
phosphorus-to-nitrogen bond, e.g., (PNCl[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt])[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt], etc.
Subclass:
453
Organic sulfur compound DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is an organic compound containing sulfur,
e.g., benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, etc.
Subclass:
454
Ketone or aldehyde DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM contains a ketone or aldehyde group, e.g.,
acetone, acetaldehyde, etc.
Subclass:
455
Boron DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM contains boron, e.g., boron nitride, etc.
(1) Note. See Class 520 Glossary for a definition of the
term "carboxylic acid or derivative".
(2) Note. A heavy metal atom is an element having a specific
gravity of four or greater.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
456 for a carboxylic acid or derivative containing a heavy
metal atom.
Subclass:
456
Organic chalcogen compound DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is an organic compound containing a
chalcogen atom, e.g., ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc.
(1) Note. Chalcogen for purposes of this subclass is
limited to oxygen, selenium, or tellurium.
Subclass:
457
Elemental metal or metal compound other than as silicate
DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM contains an elemental or metal compound
thereof other than as a silicate, e.g., strontium-aluminum
alloy, barium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
466 for a silicate DNRM such as glass, mica, asbestos, etc.
Subclass:
458
Transition metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the metal or compound thereof contains a transition
metal atom, e.g., titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "transition metal".
Subclass:
459
Heavy metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the metal or compound thereof contains a heavy metal,
e.g., zinc sulfide, etc.
(1) Note. A heavy metal atom is an element having a specific
gravity of four or more.
Subclass:
460
Group VA metal (As, Sb, Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter
wherein the heavy metal is a Group VA metal, i.e., arsenic,
antimony, or bismuth, e.g., antimony oxide, etc.
Subclass:
461
Organic nitrogen compound DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is an organic compound containing nitrogen,
e.g., an azo dye, etc.
Subclass:
462
Halogenated hydrocarbon or other than carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform methylene chloride DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a halogenated hydrocarbon other than
carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, or methylene chloride, or
mixtures thereof, e.g., hexabromobutadiene, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
400 for a DNRM which is carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
methylene chloride, or mixtures thereof.
Subclass:
463
Hydrocarbon other than xylenes, benzene, or toluene DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a hydrocarbon other than xylenes,
benzene, or toluene, e.g., microcrystalline wax, hydrocarbon
oil, etc.
Subclass:
464
Hydrocarbon having ethylenic unsaturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter
wherein the hydrocarbon contains ethylenic unsaturation,
e.g., d-limonene, etc.
Subclass:
465
Hydrocarbon wax:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is a hydrocarbon wax, e.g., paraffin wax,
microcrystalline wax, etc.
(1) Note. To be classified herein, a material must be
claimed or disclosed as being a wax.
Subclass:
466
Inorganic Si-O bond DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is an inorganic material which contains a
silicon-to-oxygen bond, e.g., silica, glass, etc.
Subclass:
467
Polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from
ethylenic reactants only, e.g., polyethylene, polybutadiene,
etc.
Subclass:
468
Elemental carbon DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is elemental carbon in any of its allotropic
forms.
Subclass:
500
Process of forming a composition of an ethylenically
unsaturated reactant or ethylenically unsaturated polymer
admixed with nonreactive material (NRM) and a polyester whose
polymer backbone was derived through the direct formation of
the ester linkage, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate,
polycaprolactone, etc., or product thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains an ethylenically unsaturated
reactant or ethylenically unsaturated polymer admixed with a
nonreactive material (NRM) and a polyester whose polymer
backbone was derived through the direct formation of the
ester linkage, and must link through the carbonyl group,
i.e., -O
(1) Note. Polymerization of di- or higher esters of
polycarboxylic acids, lactones, lactides, glycolides,
hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids or derivatives,
condensation of polyols with polycarboxylic acids or
derivatives and polyketenes all produce polyesters proper for
this subclass. Excluded here are those products wherein solid
polyester formation does not link through the ester carbonyl
and along the polymer backbone, e.g., polyester urethanes
prepared through the condensation of polyhydroxy terminated
esters with a polyisocyanate, esterification of
polycarboxylic acids or derivatives with polyepoxides,
esterification of monomers, or polymers containing plural
hydroxyl groups, e.g., pentaerythritol with monocarboxylic
acids, or ethylenic polymerization of unsaturated esters.
(2) Note. The polyester can be a solid or a liquid
polymer.
(3) Note. Included herein are processes or compositions
which are the result of the formation of a polyester in the
presence of a NRM and the subsequent blending of an ethylenic
reactant or ethylenic polymer therewith.
(4) Note. Where a reaction is indicated between a polyester
and an ethylenically unsaturated reactant, such a reaction
may occur prior to, concurrent with, or subsequent to the
addition of a nonreactive material. For example, the reaction
between polyethyleneglycol maleate with dicyclopentadiene and
subsequently blended with 2 percent fiber glass is properly
classified here.
(5) Note. Unless otherwise indicated, addition polymers
derived respectively from mono- and plural-ethylenically
unsaturated reactants will be respectively considered
saturated and unsaturated. Thus, when blended with a DNRM
and an appropriate polyester the composition containing the
saturated polymer is not classified here while the
unsaturated polymer is.
(6) Note. An ethylenically unsaturated polymer may be one
whose unsaturation was retained during or introduced after
polymerization, e.g., polymerization of butadiene,
transesterification of hydroxy-terminated polyethylene
terephthalate with methyl acrylate, dehydrohalogenation of
polyvinylidene chloride, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
525, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 10 for the
admixture of an ethylenically unsaturated reactant admixed
with either a polyester derived from a saturated di- or
higher ester of a polycarboxylic acid as sole reactant or
admixed with a polyester derived from a polycarboxylic acid
or anhydride with a polyol wherein at least one of the
reactants is saturated; and subclasses 242+ for the admixture
of an ethylenically unsaturated reactant admixed with the
polyester derived from ethylenically unsaturated reactants
only.
Subclass:
501
Product contains water, per se, or water of hydration as DNRM
or admixed with other designated nonreactant material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains water as the designated
nonreactive material either singly or in combination with
other designated nonreactant materials.
(1) Note. The water, however, may function both as a
reactant as well as an inert material with the proviso that
its latter role is clearly specified or claimed. Thus, if a
composition calls for the use of Al[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt](SO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt])[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] (alum) or MgSO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] as a DNRM,
no weight is given to the fact that these materials are used
in their hydrated state. The hydrate must be claimed or its
importance stated. Water which accompanies a chemical
reactant used in reacting with any or all of the components
proper for this subclass is not considered to be a designated
nonreactive material. For example, the hydrolysis of
hydroxy-terminated polyethylene glycol terephthalate with
aqueous sodium hydroxide and subsequently blended with
polybutadiene will not produce a composition containing an
inert material.
Subclass:
502
Composition contains water-in-oil or oil-in-water mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains or is prepared as an
water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, i.e., a fluid in which
one liquid forms minute droplets suspended in the other
liquid.
(1) Note. A polymer suspension product prepared in part
from an emulsified ingredient will not be considered as an
emulsion but as a suspension, i.e., finely divided particles
floating in a liquid and kept in this state by Brownian
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
501 for suspension compositions of the type discussed
above.
Subclass:
503
Organic nitrogen DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein an organic nitrogen compound is present as a DNRM,
e.g., dimethyl glyoxime, etc.
Subclass:
504
Organic chalcogen DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein an organic chalcogen compound is present as a DNRM,
e.g., polyhydric alcohols, etc.
(1) Note. Chalcogen is limited to oxygen, sulfur, selenium,
or tellurium.
Subclass:
505
Metal compound other than silicate as DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein a metal-containing compound other than derived from a
silicate is present as a DNRM, e.g., iron oxide, zinc oxide,
etc.
Subclass:
506
Phosphorus DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a phosphorus-containing material is present as a
DNRM, e.g., red phosphorus, trimethyl-phosphate, phosphonic
acid, etc.
Subclass:
507
Organic sulfur DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein an organic sulfur-containing compound is present as a
DNRM, e.g., alkyl sulfones, sulfonated phenols, etc.
Subclass:
508
Organic compound containing nitrogen DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein an organic nitrogen-containing compound is present as
a DNRM, e.g., a lubricant which is an amine end-block
dimethyl silicon fluid, etc.
Subclass:
509
Carbohydrate or derivative including tannin or derivative
DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a carbohydrate or derivative is present as a DNRM,
e.g., cellulose butyrate, dextran, rice hulls, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "carbohydrate or derivative".
(2) Note. Tannin or derivative is treated as a carbohydrate
proper for this area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
560, Organic Compounds, subclass 68 for a definition of
"tannin or derivative".
Subclass:
510
Phenol, phenol ether or phenolate salt, DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or phenolate salt is present
as a DNRM, e.g., resorcinol, anisole, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
528, Synthetic Resins and Natural Rubbers, subclass 86 for a
definition of the terms "phenol, phenol ether, or phenolate
salt".
Subclass:
511
Organic chalcogen other than metallocarboxylate salt, e.g.,
diethylene glycol, etc., DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the organic DNRM contains a chalcogen atom other than
as part of a metallocarboxylate salt, e.g., diethyleneglycol,
etc.
(1) Note. Chalcogen for purposes of this subclass is
limited to oxygen, selenium, or tellurium.
(2) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "metal".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514 for an organic compound containing a chalcogen atom as
part of a metallocarboxylate salt.
Subclass:
512
Elemental metal or elemental carbon DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the DNRM is elemental metal or elemental carbon in
any of its allotropic forms.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "metal".
Subclass:
513
Designated nonreactive material (DNRM) has numerically
specified characteristic, e.g., particle size, density, etc.,
other than viscosity, m.p., b.p., molec. wt., chemical
composition or percentage range:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a DNRM having numerically
specified limitations, e.g., particle size, density, etc.,
other than viscosity, melting point (m.p.), boiling point
(b.p.), molecular weight (molec. wt.), chemical composition
or percentage range.
Subclass:
514
Metal atom other than as silicate DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a material containing a metal atom other than one
found in a silicate is present as a DNRM, e.g., magnesium
oxide, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "metal".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
521 for a DNRM in the form of a metal silicate other than
glass, e.g., mica, sand, etc.
Subclass:
515
Transition metal atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter
wherein a material containing a transition metal atom is
present as a DNRM, e.g., zirconium oxide, iron oxide,
titanium dioxide, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "metal".
Subclass:
516
Heavy metal atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter
wherein a material containing a heavy metal atom is present
as a DNRM, e.g., zinc stearate, organo antimony halide, etc.
(1) Note. Heavy metals are those with a specified gravity
equal to or greater than four.
Subclass:
517
Halogenated hydrocarbon other than methylene chloride,
chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein a halogenated hydrocarbon exclusive of methylene
chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride or mixtures
thereof is present as a DNRM.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "halogenated hydrocarbon".
Subclass:
518
Bituminous, coal, or hydrocarbon other than benzene, toluene,
or xylene or mixtures thereof DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
where the DNRM is bituminous, coal, or a hydrocarbon other
than benzene, toluene, or xylene or a mixture other than of
the specified excluded hydrocarbons.
(1) Note. The term bitumen refers to solid or semisolid
materials which are often black or dark brown and which occur
naturally or are obtained by refining petroleum or are the
components of coal which are soluble in organic solvents. The
term also applies generically to include natural and
synthetic asphalts, tar, and pitches. For example, natural
asphalts such as Trinidad, Bermuda, glisonite, grahamite and
Cuban, etc. Petroleum asphalt may be used such as these
obtained from California crudes, Smake over Arkansas crudes,
Mid-Continental air-blown oils, Mexican petroleum asphalts,
tarry residues known as cracked asphalts by-products during
the cracking of gas, oil, or other heavier petroleum
fractions to obtain gasoline or other lighter fractions, etc.
Further still, bituminous materials may be used such as coal
tar, wood tar, petroleum pitches, and pitches obtained from
various industrial processes such as a fatty acid pitch,
etc.
(2) Note. Included within the subclass are oil shale or
shale material from which oil has or has not been recovered
as well as stearine pitch, coke products, coal tar and
pitches.
Subclass:
521
Inorganic silicon atom other than glass DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein inorganic silicon other than as found in glass is
present as a DNRM, e.g., kaolin, chrysotile asbestos, etc.
Subclass:
522
Contains graft, graft-type, block, or block-type copolymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a graft graft-type, block,
or block-type copolymer.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for the definition to
"graft, and graft-type copolymer" and "block and block-type
copolymer".
Subclass:
523
Contains solid polymer derived from ethylenic reactants only,
one of which contains chalcogen; or solid polymer reacted
with ethylenic reactant-containing chalcogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a solid polymer derived from
ethylenic reactants only wherein at least one of the
reactants contains chalcogen, e.g., polyethylene-vinyl
acetate copolymer, etc.; or a solid polymer reacted with an
ethylenic reactant containing a chalcogen atom, e.g.,
reacting methyl acrylate with polyethylene glycol maleate,
phenol-formaldehyde novolak with methyl methacrylate,
polymethyl methacrylate with styrene, etc.
(1) Note. Chalcogen for purposes of this subclass includes
oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
Subclass:
526
Contains polymer derived from ethylenically unsaturated
reactant only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains a polymer derived from
ethylenically unsaturated reactants only, e.g., styrene,
etc.
Subclass:
527
Glass DNRM:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter
wherein the composition contains glass as a DNRM, e.g., fiber
glass, etc.
(1) Note. See the Class 520 Glossary for a definition of
the term "glass".
Information Products Division -- Contacts
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U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
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Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
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email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000