U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
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Class 507
EARTH BORING, WELL TREATING, AND OIL FIELD CHEMISTRY
Class Definition:
Compositions of matter for use in earth boring, well
treating, or preventing contaminant deposits in petroleum oil
conduits having or not having structure, physical form, or
heterogeneous arrangement of components.
Processes of making, or processes peculiar to making such
compositions and for which there is no provision elsewhere.
Mere methods of use of said compositions or of a compound in
earth boring, well treating, or in preventing contaminant
deposits in petroleum oil conduits.
(1) Note. In this class, each composition and the processes
that are peculiar to making the same are classified based on
the whole composition and its complete or primary function or
quality, and such processes are classified with the
corresponding composition.
II
Class 507 is to be considered an integral part of Class 252
(after subclass 611) and follows the schedule hierarchy,
retaining all pertinent definitions and class lines of Class
252.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for compositions
thereof or materials or ingredients used in the making of
coating or plastic compositions which are not elsewhere
classified (e.g., cement, etc.).
127, Sugar, Starch and Carbohydrates, for processes for
refining and manufacturing sugar, starch, and other
carbohydrates.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for washing or
cleaning processes which include the use of detergents for
contacting liquids with solids.
137, Fluid Handling, for miscellaneous processes of handling
materials in flow lines.
166, Wells, for processes of treating or operating a well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for processes of
drilling wells. See Notes under the definition for Class 507,
subclass 100.
184, Lubrication, for lubricating processes.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for conditioning well
fluids above ground.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
366, Agitating, for processes of mixing materials by
agitation. Manipulative mixing processes for compounding a
composition from a plurality of ingredients are properly
classified in Class 366 only if the ingredients are not
sufficiently identified to form a basis for classification in
Class 507 or other appropriate composition classes.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 258+ for a
method of earth treatment or control.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.
422, Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving or
Sterilizing, and Chemical Apparatus, for processes of
corrosion inhibition nonspecific to earth boring.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for compounds and
nonmetallic elements, including processes for their
manufacture.
427, Coating Processes, for coating processes, in general.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
processes of making chemical compounds which include
fermentation or ferments or other compositions for use in
such processes or processes of making them, also for
compositions comprising enzymes or microorganisms which are
not specific to earth boring.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art, i.e., having no specific claim to earth boring.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for resins and
rubbers, per se, and for resin containing compositions, the
use or utility of which is not specifically provided for
elsewhere.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
90
PREVENTING CONTAMINANT DEPOSITS IN PETROLEUM OIL CONDUITS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition specialized and designed for addition to
petroleum oils during transportation through conduits to
prevent fouling or clogging of the conduits due to components
of the petroleum oils precipitating out during the
transportation, or method of preparation, or mere method of
use of said composition or a compound for the purposes
mentioned above.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes those processes of
treating the oils during transportation with nonmineral oil
additives which are distinguished by the composition employed
and do not include any significant manipulative steps. The
broad steps of introducing the additives and using pressure
or other means recited by name only to continue conveyance of
the oil through the conduit will not take the patent out of
the scope of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
901 and 902-910, for Art Collections pertaining to
subclasses 90-145.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, appropriate subclasses for
processes of treating fuel oils to prevent corrosion of
pipelines used to transport such fuel oils.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 13 for miscellaneous processes
of handling materials in flow lines wherein flow of the
fluent material is facilitated by the addition of material
which affects the flow characteristics of the fluent material
or by the application of heat or other forms of energy.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 47 for
processes of preventing corrosion of the equipment during
chemical conversion of mineral oils, subclasses 177+ for
processes of preventing corrosion of equipment by refining
the mineral oil to remove impurities which may cause such
corrosion, and subclass 370 for miscellaneous treatments of
mineral oils during transportation through conduits.
252, Compositions, subclasses 387+ for an anti-corrosion
composition of general utility.
508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant and Separant Compositions for Moving Solid
Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,
subclasses 110+, for mineral lubricating oil compositions
which contain additives for preventing corrosion of the pipe
lines during transportation of the oil.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 31+ for colloid systems of
colloid-sized solid or semisolid phase dispersed in primarily
organic continuous liquid phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid
systems of colloid-sized bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase
dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid phase, subclasses 77+
for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in
aqueous continuous liquid phase; or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing (including preventing settling,
suspending agents, antiflocculants) such systems or agents;
in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is
no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
100
EARTH BORING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Earth
boring composition which is (a) a liquid, gas, or fluid solid
composition or compositional additive therefor which is
specialized and designed for use in earth boring while
drilling is in progress, e.g., a well drilling mud; (b)
process of preparing said composition; or (c) mere method of
use of said composition or a compound for the purpose of (a)
above.
(1) Note. An earth boring additive consisting of a single
compound is classified in one of the compound classes (e.g.,
Classes 260, 423, etc.).
(2) Note. Examples of compositional additives included in
this and the indented subclasses: filter/water loss reducing
agents, lost circulation controlling agents, packer fluids,
corrosion inhibitors, gas hydrate inhibitors, lubricant
additives for prevention of stuck pipe, other agents
disclosed as useful in the physical or chemical control of
the well fluid or borehole environment while drilling.
(3) Note. Methods of use included in this and the indented
subclasses are those whose operative steps are limited to:
(a) preparative steps of the fluid or additive prior to or
concurrent with injection into the wellbore, (b) mere
circulation or injection of a compound or composition while
drilling, or (c) mere mixing of a compound or composition
with a circulating fluid.
The mere circulation of a drilling fluid encompasses the
pumping of said fluid into and out of the wellbore and
returning said fluid back into the well. The recitation of a
universal practice, such as the mere removal of cuttings from
the fluid, does not take a method claim out of this
subclass.
Required characteristics of the borehole environment will not
take a method claim out of this subclass, e.g., temperature,
presence of specific materials, or conditions of the earthen
formation.
(4) Note. Where a component is generically presented in
inconsistent or functional terms (e.g., surfactant, fluid
loss control agent, etc.) in some of the claims, any
material(s) later specified as encompassed within the scope
of said terms will limit said terms for classification
purposes. For example, if claim 1 calls for a surfactant and
claim 2 specifies the surfactant as being a PEG ether, and
there are no other claims specifying the surfactant
differently, then the original claim is classified in
subclass 136 and the general rules of cross-referencing still
follow.
(5) Note. The following rule applies to subclasses 101-139.
Traditional rules of classification require no mandatory
cross-references beyond the lowest controlling claim covered
by this schedule. It is strongly recommended that documents
be cross-referenced according to all appropriate subclasses,
mandatory or not, based on all discrete organic components of
the claimed composition. For example, a composition
comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, a higher fatty acid, and
lignite is classified in subclass 107 as the original and
additional cross-references in subclasses 114 and 138 are
highly recommended.
(6) Note. When both ions of a salt are organic, each ion is
classifiable as a separate component. This is based on the
fact that when in solution the two ions of a salt separate
into two distinct components, each one having a distinct
function. For example in this schedule, fatty acid salts of
imidazoline are classified first on the nitrogen-containing
imidazoline cation and second on the fatty acid anion.
However, if a salt is presented that contains an organic ion
with an organic counterion alternatively with an inorganic
counterion and the organic counterion is not controlling for
classification purposes, then only the former organic ion
will be classified.
(7) Note. Lost circulation agents are included herein which
may or may not be used while drilling is in progress. There
is sufficient confusion over the difference between lost
circulation and fluid loss to warrant the above exception.
(8) Note. Patents are classified in this and the indented
subclasses based on the materials introduced into the
wellbore.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 244.1, for well processes involving more
manipulative detail than in (3) Note, above.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for processes involving
a positive recitation of boring or cutting the earth and the
(3) Note, above; subclass 42 for processes of testing,
measuring, etc., by release of an indicating agent in the
drilling fluid; subclass 53 for processes of enlarging an
existing borehole; subclass 54 for processes of fluid
circulation entirely below ground; subclasses 58+ for
processes comprising earth sampling steps; subclasses 61+ for
directional drilling processes; subclass 64 for processes
comprising a chemical reaction in situ; subclasses 65+ for
processes of boring with fluid involving more than the
conventional use of fluid; subclass 66 for processes of
treating spent or used fluid which has been returned to the
earth surface from the borehole; subclass 67 for processes
involving fluid erosion; subclass 68 for processes of
treating a gaseous drilling fluid to prevent agglomerating or
werting by liquid naturally on the borehole; subclass 69 for
processes comprising the use of liquid and gaseous materials;
subclass 70 for processes comprising drilling with two or
more liquids which remain separated in the borehole; subclass
71 for processes of drilling with a gaseous fluid; subclass
72 for processes to prevent circulation losses.
260, Chemistry, Carbon Compounds, for preparative methods of
organic carbon compounds devoid of a method of use step in
earth boring.
423, Chemistry, Inorganic, for preparative methods of
inorganic compounds devoid of a method of use step in earth
boring.
508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant and Separant Compositions for Moving Solid
Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,
particularly subclasses 110+, for lubricants in general.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
101
Contains enzyme or living microorganism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
comprising an enzyme or a microorganism which is living when
injected into the wellbore.
(1) Note. Cross-referencing within Class 507 according to
all remaining organic components of the composition is
strongly recommended.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 246 for processes involving the use of
a microorganism.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 183+ for enzyme containing compositions and
subclasses 243+ for microorganism containing compositions
nonspecific to earth boring.
Subclass:
102
Contains intended gaseous phase at entry into wellbore:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Compositions
which have an intentional gaseous phase present as they are
initially placed in the wellbore.
(1) Note. Drilling fluids comprising the unintended presence
of a gas, especially when such presence is avoided, are
classified according to the other composition components.
(2) Note. A claimed composition with the intended creation
of a gas inside the wellbore by in situ reaction is
classified according to the components present at entry into
the wellbore.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 270 and 270.2 for injecting gaseous gel
and surfactant; subclass 300 for well processes including the
creation of a gas inside the wellbore by in situ reaction;
and subclasses 401+ for injecting a gas or gas mixture.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 69 for
processes comprising the use of liquid and gaseous materials
and subclass 71 for processes of drilling with a gaseous
fluid.
Subclass:
103
Contains organic component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
including an organic component which is one having carbon
therein and which is further characterized by the presence in
the molecule of (a) two carbon atoms bonded together, (b) one
atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of hydrogen or
halogen, or (c) one atom of carbon bonded to at least one
atom of nitrogen by a single or double bond, with the proviso
that hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide,
cyanogen halides, isothiocyanic acid, metal carbides, and
graphite are excluded from being organic compounds.
(1) Note. Components or compositions thereof reciting heavy
distillation products (i.e., bottoms or pitch) of an
originally specified material are classified according to
said original material unless said products are otherwise
identified.
(2) Note. Examples of components included in this subclass
which are not provided for below are: petrolatum, paraffin,
nonfatty waxes, rubber, organometallic complexes, and other
compounds devoid of provided for functional groups, such as
lower fatty (i.e., those having less than 7 carbons) organic
acids, etc.
(3) Note. When a generic oil (e.g., mineral oil, fuel oil,
etc.) is disclosed as part of a composition, the composition
is classified according to the other components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
910 for a composition with an oil continuous phase
containing no aqueous phase.
Subclass:
104
Organic component is cellular or fibrous material derived
from plant or animal source (e.g., wood, nutshell, paper,
leather, cotton, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
which contains a cellular or fibrous material derived from a
plant or animal source, such as wood, nutshell, seed, cotton,
paper, leather, hair, etc.
(1) Note. Cellular material includes naturally occurring
material which still retains a certain amount of the original
tissue structure of the plant or animal.
(2) Note. Grinding, pulverizing, and comminuting does not
result in the loss of original tissue structure of such
material, whereas extracting generally results in the loss of
original tissue structure in at least one of the products
(i.e., the product being extracted). In an extraction,
however, some original tissue structure may not be destroyed,
i.e., the material from which a product is being extracted
may retain structure.
(3) Note. Fossilized materials are not included in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for earth boring compositions comprising enzymes or
living microorganisms.
107 for fossilized humates.
subclasses 112+ for cellulose or derivatives thereof, which
in the absence of information to the contrary, is presumed
devoid of cell structure.
subclasses 131+ for proteins containing no phosphorous,
which in the absence of information to the contrary, is
presumed devoid of cell structure.
Subclass:
105
Organic component contains fluorine bonded directly to
carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
containing a component having a direct carbon to fluorine
bond.
Subclass:
106
Organic component is lignin or humate or derivative thereof
(e.g., tannin, quebracho extract, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
which is a lignin or humate component comprising humic or
polyphenolic containing substances or derivatives thereof
(e.g., tannins, lignins, quebracho extract, pulp liquor,
etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a graft copolymer
comprising a humate component grafted onto a polymer or
resin.
Subclass:
107
Humate component is fossilized (e.g., lignite, leonardite,
brown coal, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Composition
wherein the humate component is fossilized (e.g., lignite,
leonardite, brown coal, ASTM Type IV coal, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a fossilized humate
component grafted onto a polymer or resin.
Subclass:
108
Lignin or humate component contains sulfur or is reacted with
substance containing sulfur (e.g., lignosulfonate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Composition
wherein the lignin or humate component contains sulfur or has
been reacted with a substance containing sulfur (e.g.,
lignosulf(on)ate, sulfoalkylated humates, such as
sulfomethylated quebracho, sulfite liquor, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a humate component
containing sulfur or reacted with sulfur which is also
grafted onto a polymer or resin.
(2) Note. The final component need not contain sulfur.
Subclass:
109
Includes metal compound other than an alkali or alkaline
earth metal compound (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Composition
wherein said composition contains a metal compound other than
an alkali or alkaline earth metal compound.
(1) Note. Alkali or alkaline earth metals include Li, Na, K,
Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
(2) Note. Included within this subclass are compositions
which contain: (i) a lignin or humate component containing
sulfur or reacted with a substance containing sulfur, and
(ii) a metal other than alkali or alkaline earth metal,
regardless of whether the two components (i and ii) are part
of the same compound.
Subclass:
110
Organic component is carbohydrate or derivative thereof
(e.g., sugar or gum, such as galactomannan, xanthan, etc.) or
carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol which has five or more
hydroxy groups bonded directly to carbons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
comprising a compound containing an organic component which
is a carbohydrate or derivative thereof or a carboxylic acid
ester of an alcohol which has five or more hydroxy groups
bonded directly to carbons (e.g., sorbitan alkylate, etc.).
(1) Note. Carbohydrate denotes a compound with the empirical
formula Cx(H2O)y, wherein x is 5 or more and y is 5 or more,
or derivative thereof (e.g., isolated gums,
(poly)saccharides, sugars, etc.).
(2) Note. Included in this subclass is a carbohydrate or
derivative which is grafted onto a polymer or resin.
Subclass:
111
Carbohydrate is starch or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Composition
wherein said carbohydrate is starch or a derivative thereof
such as modified starch.
Subclass:
112
Carbohydrate is cellulose or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Composition
wherein said carbohydrate is cellulose or a derivative
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for fibrous cellulose in which the fibrous character has
been retained from an original plant or animal source (e.g.,
paper, cotton, etc.).
Subclass:
113
Carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., CMC, CMHEC, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Composition
wherein said cellulose derivative is a carboxyalkylcellulose
(e.g., carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), etc.).
(1) Note. Also included in this subclass is a
carboxyalkylcellulose which has been further derivatized
(e.g., hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose (CMHEC), etc.).
Subclass:
114
Hydroxyalkylcellulose (e.g., HEC, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Composition
wherein said cellulose derivative is a hydroxyalkyl ether
cellulose (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), etc.).
Subclass:
115
Carbohydrate is hydroxyalkyl ether derivative (e.g., HPG,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Composition
wherein said carbohydrate derivative is a hydroxyalkyl ether
carbohydrate (e.g., hydroxypropylguar (HPG), etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for hydroxyalkylcellulose.
Subclass:
116
Ester is higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester (e.g.,
sorbitan oleate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Composition
wherein said ester is a higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester
of an alcohol having five or more hydroxy groups bonded
directly to carbons.
(1) Note. A higher fatty acid denotes a monocarboxylic acid
containing an unbroken chain of at least seven carbon atoms
bonded to a carboxyl group.
Subclass:
117
Organic component is solid synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein the organic component is a solid synthetic resin.
(1) Note. A solid synthetic resin for the purpose of this
class is a polymer which is described as a solid as such or
described in one of the following terms: (1) coagulated (2)
elastic (3) elastomeric (4) friable (5) meltable (6) molten
(7) powder (8) rubber (9) thermoplastic. A wax is not
considered to be a solid even if defined by one or more of
the above terms.
(2) Note. In this area, the classification is dependent on
the first appearing monomer which is either part of the
polymeric backbone or has been reacted subsequent to
polymerization, such as a graft or block copolymer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 106+ for humate, lignin, lignite, or
lignosulfonate graft copolymers.
subclasses 112+ for carbohydrate or gum graft copolymers.
136 for polyalkoxylates (e.g., polyalkoxylated alkylphenol,
etc.) or PEGtype polymers.
Subclass:
118
Resin is polymer derived from ethylenic monomers only (e.g.,
maleic, itaconic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Composition
containing a resin which is a polymer derived from
ethylenically unsaturated monomers only.
(1) Note. Crosslinking an ethylenic polymer with a
nonethylenic crosslinking agent will not take the polymer out
of this subclass.
(2) Note. The ethylenically unsaturated monomer requires the
presence of two aliphatic carbon atoms bonded together by a
double or triple bond. See Class 526, subclass 72, for a
detailed discussion of polymers from only ethylenic
monomers.
Subclass:
119
Polymer derived from acrylic acid monomer or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition
containing a polymer derived from at least one acrylic acid
monomer or derivative, (e.g., from CH2=C(R)-X, wherein X is
carbonyl, etc., and R is H or alkyl).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are methacrylate
polymers, etc.
Subclass:
120
Nitrogen is attached directly or indirectly to the acrylic
acid monomer or derivative by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
acrylamide, acrylonitrile, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Composition,
wherein nitrogen is attached to the acrylic moiety through
direct or indirect nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as part of a mere
counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example,
ammonium polyacrylates are included in subclass 119.
Subclass:
121
Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to the acrylic acid
monomer or derivative by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
acrylamidoalkane sulfonates, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Composition
wherein both nitrogen and sulfur are attached to the acrylic
moiety through direct or indirect nonionic bonding, (e.g.,
acrylamidoalkylsulfonates, etc.).
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen and/or sulfur as part
of a mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis
for including such a composition in this subclass. For
example, poly (N,N,N-trialkyl-aminoalkylacrylate) sulfate
salt is included in subclass 120.
Subclass:
122
Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to the ethylenic
monomer by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition,
wherein said polymer contains sulfur attached to an ethylenic
moiety directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with sulfur as part of a mere
counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
poly(vinylpyridinium) sulfate is included in subclass 123.
Subclass:
123
Hetero nitrogen ring is attached directly or indirectly to
the ethylenic monomer by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition
wherein said polymer contains a nitrogen containing hetero
ring which is attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A hetero ring as part of a mere counterion to an
ethylenic moiety is not a basis for including such a
composition in this subclass. For example, a pyridinium
poly(vinyl sulfate) is classified in subclass 122. An
additional cross reference in subclass 130 is highly
recommended (see subclass 100, (5) Note).
(2) Note. The term "hetero ring" denotes a ring having
carbon and at least one atom from the group consisting of
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring
members and contains no other element as a ring member. As
the term relates to this subclass, nitrogen must be one of
the hetero atoms in the ring.
Subclass:
124
Polymer contains vinyl alcohol unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition
wherein said polymer comprises at least one vinyl alcohol
unit.
(1) Note. In the absence of information to the contrary, a
hydrolysis product of polyvinyl acetate is polyvinyl alcohol
and is provided for herein.
Subclass:
125
Carbocyclic ring is attached directly or indirectly to the
ethylenic monomer by nonionic bonding (e.g., styrene, vinyl
toluene, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition
wherein said polymer contains a carbocyclic ring which is
attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or indirectly by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with a carbocyclic ring as part of a
mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
tetraphenylammonium poly(vinyl phosphonate) is classified in
subclass 118. An additional crossreference in subclass 129 is
highly recommended (see subclass 100, (5) Note).
Subclass:
126
Organic component is asphalt or a component or derivative
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein said organic component is asphalt or a component or
derivative thereof.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for GILSONITE (a tradename
for an asphaltite), manjak, bitumen, brown asphalt,
asphaltenes, maltenes, macadem, etc.
Subclass:
127
Organic component contains silicon attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein silicon is attached to organic carbon directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are silicones,
siloxanes, organosilanes, alkylsilicates, etc.
(2) Note. A composition with silicon as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
quaternary ammonium silicate is included in subclass 129.
Subclass:
128
Organic component contains phosphorous attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein phosphorous is attached to carbon directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Included herein are alkyl phosphates,
phosphonates, phosphatides (e.g., lecithin), etc.
(2) Note. A composition with phosphorous as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
quaternary ammonium phosphate is included in subclass 129.
Subclass:
129
Organic component contains nitrogen attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein nitrogen is attached to carbon directly or indirectly
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, an ammonium
alkylsulfonate is included in subclass 135; however, if the
ammonium cation is a quaternary alkylammonium, then placement
is in subclass 129. An additional crossreference in subclass
135 is highly recommended (see subclass 100, (5) Note).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 140+ for cyanate and isocyanate salts.
Subclass:
130
Nitrogen is part of a hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition
wherein said component contains nitrogen as part of a hetero
ring (e.g., methylene blue, imidazoline, pyridine,
piperidine, etc.).
(1) Note. The term "hetero ring" denotes a ring having
carbon and at least one atom from the group consisting of
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring
members and contains no other element as a ring member. For
the purposes of this subclass, the hetero ring requires the
presence of nitrogen.
Subclass:
131
Oxygen is attached directly or indirectly to carbon by
nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition
wherein the organic component contains nitrogen and oxygen,
both of which are attached to carbon directly or indirectly
by nonionic bonding (e.g., alkanolamines, amino acids, EDTA,
etc.).
(1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound does not bring the
composition into this subclass (for example, an
alkylmagnesium nitrate is classified in subclass 103,
above).
(2) Note. Solid inorganic oxides treated with a nitrogen
containing organic compound are not covalently linked unless
there is disclosure to the contrary and are classified in
subclass 129.
Subclass:
132
Organic component contains a nitrogen attached directly to
oxygen by nonionic bonding (e.g., nitroaromatic, amineoxide,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Composition
wherein the organic component contains a direct nitrogen to
oxygen nonionic bond, (e.g., trimethylamine oxide,
nitroaromatics, nitrosoaromatics, etc.).
(1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
a composition in this subclass (for example, an
alkylmagnesium nitrate is classifiable in subclass 103,
above).
Subclass:
133
Organic component contains an ether linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Composition
wherein the organic component contains an ether linkage;
i.e., two carbons directly bonded to the same oxygen atom
(e.g., polyoxyalkyleneamines, etc.).
Subclass:
134
Organic component contains sulfur attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein the organic component contains sulfur directly or
indirectly attached to carbon by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
sulfates, etc.).
(1) Note. Sulfur as part of a counterion to an ionic
compound is not a basis for including a composition in this
subclass (for example, a quaternary alkylarsonium sulfate is
classifiable in subclass 103).
(2) Note. An organic material which has been sulfurized
without identification of a direct carbon-sulfur bond is
classifiable herein, whereas an organic material which has
been sulfonated is sufficient identification of a
carbon-sulfur bond to allow placement of such a component in
subclass 135.
Subclass:
135
Organic component contains a sulfur attached directly to
carbon by nonionic bonding (e.g., sulfonate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Composition
wherein the organic component contains a sulfur which is
attached to a carbon directly by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
sulfonates, thiols, mercaptans, thioethers, etc.).
Subclass:
136
Organic component contains ether linkage (e.g., PEG ether,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein the organic component contains an ether linkage to
organic carbon (e.g., cyclic ethers, such as pyrans, furans,
crown ethers, etc.; linear ethers; and polyethers, such as
polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, polyalkylene glycols, etc.).
Subclass:
137
Organic component contains a carbocyclic
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. group (e.g.,
cyclic alkyl, aromatic, tall oil, etc.): Composition wherein
the organic component contains at least one identified ring
of carbon atoms (e.g., cyclic alkyls, aromatics, tall oils,
such as abietic acid containing compositions, etc.).
Subclass:
138
Organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty oil,
ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or higher fatty acid or
salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein the organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty
oil, ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or higher fatty
acid, including salts thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for carbohydrate esters of fatty acids.
137 for tall oil, rosin, rosin acids, resin acids, abietic
acids, and other organic components containing carbocyclic
groups.
ESTER-TYPE WAXES
Means waxes which are essentially esters in chemical
structure, e.g., beeswax, montan wax, carnauba wax,
spermaceti, etc.
FATS, FATTY OILS
Means the glycerides of higher fatty acids, including
naturally occurring mixtures thereof present in a single oil
or fat.
FATTY STILL RESIDUES
By this term it is intended to include the bottoms, tars, or
pitches resulting from distillation of fats, oils, and
waxes.
FATTY ALCOHOL
Means an alcohol containing an unbroken chain of at least 7
carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxy group.
HIGHER FATTY ACID
Means a monocarboxylic acid containing an unbroken chain of
at least 7 carbon atoms bonded to a carboxyl group, e.g.,
lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, and
behenolic, etc. Where there are several unbroken chains of
carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group, one of the chains
must contain at least 7 carbon atoms.
Subclass:
139
Organic component contains an alcohol group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
wherein the organic component contains an alcohol linkage to
organic carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for alkanolamines and other nitrogen containing
alcohols.
138 for fatty alcohols.
Subclass:
140
Contains inorganic component other than water or clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Compositions
containing an inorganic component other than water or clay.
(1) Note. The term "clay" encompasses the following:
fuller's earth, bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite,
palygorskite, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, hectorite,
sepiolite, etc.
(2) Note. The compositions proper for this and the indented
subclasses may contain water or clay, but they must also
contain an inorganic component in addition to the water or
clay.
(3) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented
subclasses, the term "water" does not include seawater
brine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 100 through 144.
Subclass:
141
Inorganic component contains soluble potassium salt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Composition
wherein the inorganic component contains a potassium ion
which is soluble in the boring medium.
(1) Note. The composition of this subclass must contain
potassium ion other than as a mere component in a normal
seawater brine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 100 through 144.
Subclass:
142
Inorganic component contains phosphorous:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Composition
wherein the inorganic component contains phosphorous.
(1) Note. The composition of this subclass must contain
phosphorous other than as a mere component of a normal
seawater brine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 100 through 144.
Subclass:
143
Inorganic component is elemental metal or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Composition
wherein the inorganic component is an elemental metal or
alloy.
(1) Note. A metal is defined as a material having a
continuous phase of any element of the periodic table except
hydrogen, noble gas, a halogen, a chalcogen (oxygen, sulfur,
selenium, tellurium), nitrogen, phosphorous, carbon, and
boron.
(2) Note. An alloy is defined as a mixture of two or more
metallic elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 100 through 144.
Subclass:
144
Inorganic component is asbestos:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Composition
wherein the inorganic component is asbestos.
(1) Note. Asbestos is a fibrous magnesium and/or iron
silicate containing calcium. The term encompasses amanthius,
earth or stone flax, chrysotile, anthophyllite, amosite,
actinolite, tremolite, and crocidolite in the surpentine or
amphibole forms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 100 through 144.
Subclass:
145
Inorganic component is soluble in boring medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Composition
wherein the inorganic component is soluble in the boring
medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
901 and 902-910, for Art Collections pertaining to
subclasses 90-145.
Subclass:
200
WELL TREATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Well
treating compositions which are (a) liquid, gas, or fluid
solid (e.g., powder, etc.) compositions or compositional
additives therefor and which are specialized and designed for
use in well treating; (b) processes of preparing such
compositions; or (c) mere methods of use of said compositions
or of a compound for the purpose of (a) above.
(1) Note. This subclass and those indented hereunder also
include those processes of treating wells which are
distinguished primarily by the compositions employed and do
not include any significant manipulative step. The inclusion
of the broad steps of introducing the composition into a
well, producing the well, or the broad removal of the spent
material from the well in a conventional manner will not take
a patent out of this or the indented subclasses. See the
SEARCH CLASS reference to Class 507 which is found in Class
166, subclass 244.1, for further discussion of significant
manipulative steps.
(2) Note. Compositions employed for consolidating a
formation in a well or for cementing a well are in Class 106,
Compositions: Coating or Plastic; Class 523, Synthetic Resins
or Natural Rubbers; and Class 524, Synthetic Resins or
Natural Rubbers.
(3) Note. Compositions which are designed to be used to
enhance the permeability of producing formations by producing
flow channels (e.g., fracturing, removal or prevention of
deposits, acidizing, water flooding, treatment with
surfactant, anticorrosion, etc.) are classified in this and
the indented subclasses.
(4) Note. A well treating additive consisting of a single
compound is classified in one of the compound classes (e.g.,
Classes 260, 423, etc.).
(5) Note. Required characteristics of the borehole
environment will not take a method claim out of this or the
indented subclasses (e.g., temperature, presence of specific
materials, or conditions of the earthen formation).
(6) Note. Where a component is generically presented in
inconsistent or functional terms (e.g., surfactant, fluid
loss control agent, etc.) in some of the claims, any
material(s) later specified as encompassed within the scope
of said terms will limit said terms for classification
purposes. For example, if claim 1 calls for a surfactant and
claim 2 specifies the surfactant as being a PEG ether, and
there are no other claims specifying the surfactant
differently, then the original claim is classified in
subclasses 261+.
(7) Note. The following rule applies to subclasses 203
through 268. It is strongly recommended that documents be
cross-referenced according to all appropriate subclasses,
mandatory or not, based on all discrete organic components of
the claimed composition. For example, a composition
comprising hydroxyethylcellulose, a higher fatty acid, and
lignite is classified in subclass 206 as the original and
additional cross-references in subclasses 216 and 265 are
highly recommended.
(8) Note. When both ions of a salt are organic, each ion is
classifiable as a separate component. This is based on the
fact that when in solution the two ions of a salt separate
into two distinct components, each one having a distinct
function. For example, in this schedule, fatty acid salts of
imidazoline are classified first on the nitrogen-containing
imidazolinium cation and second on the fatty acid anion.
However, if a salt is presented that contains an organic ion
with an organic counterion alternatively with an inorganic
counterion, and the organic counterion is not controlling for
classification purposes, then classification will be based
only on the former organic ion.
(9) Note. Chelated, complexed, and coordinated organic
moieties with metal are considered to have some nonionic
character in the bond between the metal and the organic
moiety (i.e., there is usually some amount of electron
sharing or donating). As such, these chelated, complexed, and
coordinated metals are classified as if the metal is part of
the compound.
(10) Note. It is very strongly recommended that all
compositions having an intended utility which is specified in
the cross-reference art collection (i.e., 901 through 907 and
920 through 940) be cross-referenced into these subclasses.
(11) Note. If the only disclosed utility of the composition
claimed is to a process classifiable in Class 166, a
cross-reference to Class 166 is strongly recommended.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 100+ for earth boring compositions and processes
which involve no more than the mere use of such compositions.
Included in these compositions are lost circulation
compositions.
901 and 902-907, and 920-940, for Art Collections pertaining
to subclasses 200-277.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 638+ for
a coating or plastic composition containing an inorganic
settable ingredient which is not a synthetic resin or natural
rubber.
166, Wells, subclass 244.1 for significantly claimed steps
of well treating or operating.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for organic compounds,
per se, and for preparative methods of organic compounds
devoid of a method-of-use step pertaining to well treating.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for preparative
methods of inorganic compounds devoid of a method-of-use step
pertaining to well treating.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 130+
for a composition having utility in consolidating a formation
in a well or in cementing a well or to processes of preparing
said composition.
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 2+ for
a water settable inorganic composition containing a synthetic
resin or natural rubber.
Subclass:
201
Contains enzyme or living micro-organism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Compositions
containing an enzyme or a micro-organism which is living when
placed in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 246 for well processes proper for Class
166 according to the Class 166 main class definitions
involving the use of a micro-organism.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 183+ for enzyme containing compositions and
subclasses 243+ for compositions containing micro-organisms
which are nonspecific to well treating and subclasses 262+
for compositions containing enzymes or micro-organisms used
to destroy hazardous or toxic waste; liberate, separate, or
purify a preexisting compound or composition; or to clean
objects or textiles.
Subclass:
202
Contains intended gaseous phase at entry into wellbore:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Compositions
which have an intentional gaseous phase present as they are
initially placed in the wellbore.
(1) Note. Well treating fluids comprising the unintended
presence of a gas, especially when such presence is avoided,
are classified according to the other composition
components.
(2) Note. A claimed well treating composition with the
intended creation of a gas inside the wellbore by in situ
reaction is classified according to the components present at
entry into the wellbore.
(3) Note. A well treating composition described as being
saturated with a gas is not a sufficient indication of a
discrete gaseous phase being present. Compositions saturated
with a gas are placed elsewhere in this schedule based on the
other composition components.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 270 and 270.2 for injecting gaseous gel
and surfactant; subclass 300 for well processes including the
creation of a gas inside the wellbore by in situ reaction;
and subclasses 401+ for injecting a gas or gas mixture.
Subclass:
203
Contains organic component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Compositions
including a component having carbon therein and which is
further characterized by the presence in the molecule of (a)
two carbon atoms bonded together or (b) one atom of carbon
bonded to at least one atom of hydrogen or halogen or (c) one
atom of carbon bonded to at least one atom of nitrogen by a
single or double bond, with the proviso that hydrocyanic
acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides,
isothiocyanic acid, metal carbides, and graphite are excluded
from being organic compounds.
(1) Note. Components or compositions thereof reciting heavy
distillation products (i.e., bottoms or pitch) of an
originally specified material are classified according to
said original material unless said products are otherwise
identified.
(2) Note. Examples of components included in this subclass
which are not provided for below are petrolatum, paraffin,
rubber, organometallic complexes, and other compounds devoid
of provided-for functional groups.
(3) Note. When a generic oil (e.g., mineral oil, fuel oil,
etc.) is disclosed as part of a composition, the composition
is classified according to the other components.
(4) Note. Chelated, complexed, and coordinated organic
moieties with metal are considered to have some nonionic
character in the bond between the metal and the organic
moiety (i.e., there is usually some amount of electron
sharing or donating). As such, these chelated, complexed, and
coordinated metals are classified as if the metal is part of
the compound.
Subclass:
204
Organic component is cellular or fibrous material derived
from plant or animal source (e.g., wood, nutshell, paper,
leather, cotton, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
which contain a cellular or fibrous material derived from a
plant or animal source such as wood, nutshell, seed, cotton,
paper, leather, hair, etc.
(1) Note. Cellular material includes naturally occurring
material which still retains a certain amount of the original
tissue structure of the plant or animal.
(2) Note. Grinding, pulverizing, and comminuting does not
result in the loss of original tissue structure of such
material, whereas extracting generally results in the loss of
original tissue structure in at least one of the products
(e.g., the product being extracted). In an extraction,
however, some original tissue structure may not be destroyed
(i.e., the material from which a product is being extracted
may retain structure).
(3) Note. Fossilized materials are not included in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for well treating compositions containing enzymes or
living micro-organisms.
206 for fossilized humates.
subclasses 214+ for cellulose or derivatives thereof,
which, in the absence of information to the contrary, are
presumed devoid of cell structure.
244 for proteins containing no phosphorous, which, in the
absence of information to the contrary, are presumed devoid
of cell structure.
Subclass:
205
Organic component contains fluorine bonded directly to
carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
containing a component having a direct carbon to fluorine
bond.
Subclass:
206
Organic component is lignin or humate or derivative thereof
(e.g., tannin, quebracho extract, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
which contain a lignin or a humate component comprising humic
or polyphenolic containing substances or derivatives thereof
(e.g., lignite, leonardite, tannins, lignins, quebracho
extract, pulp liquor, brown coal, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a graft copolymer
comprising a lignin or humate component grafted onto a
polymer or resin.
Subclass:
207
Lignin or humate component contains sulfur or is reacted with
substance containing sulfur (e.g., lignosulfonate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Compositions
wherein the humate or lignin component contains sulfur or has
been reacted with a substance containing sulfur (e.g.,
lignosulfonate, lignosulfate, sulfoalkylated humates such as
sulfomethylated quebracho, sulfite liquor, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a lignin or humate
component containing sulfur or reacted with sulfur which is
also grafted onto a polymer or resin.
(2) Note. The final component need not contain sulfur.
Subclass:
208
Includes metal compound other than an alkali or alkaline
earth metal compound (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Compositions
which contain a metal compound where the metal is other than
an alkali or alkaline earth metal (e.g., Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu,
etc.).
(1) Note. Alkali or alkaline earth metals include Li, Na, K,
Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.
(2) Note. Included within this subclass are compositions
which contain: (i) a lignin or humate component containing
sulfur or reacted with a substance containing sulfur, and
(ii) a metal other than alkali or alkaline earth metal,
regardless of whether the two components (i and ii) are part
of the same compound.
Subclass:
209
Organic component is carbohydrate or derivative thereof
(e.g., sugar or gum, such as galactomannan, etc.) or
carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol which has five or more
hydroxy groups bonded directly to carbons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
containing an organic component which is a carbohydrate or
derivative thereof or a carboxylic acid ester of an alcohol
which has five or more hydroxy groups bonded directly to
carbons (e.g., sorbitan alkylate, etc.).
(1) Note. Carbohydrates are compounds which are saccharides
whose monomeric units are polyhydroxy monoaldehydes or
polyhydroxy monoketones having the empirical formula Cn(H20)n
(wherein n is five or six) or the corresponding cyclic
hemiacetals thereof, or the reaction derivatives thereof in
which the carbon skeleton and the carbonyl function or
hemiacetal function of the saccharide unit are not
destroyed.
Subclass:
210
Carbohydrate has been grafted onto solid synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Compositions
wherein the carbohydrate has been grafted onto a solid
synthetic resin.
Subclass:
211
Carbohydrate is polysaccharide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Compositions
wherein the carbohydrate is a polysaccharide.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented
subclasses, a polysaccharide is a saccharide with two or more
sugar moieties covalently bonded to each other.
Subclass:
212
Polysaccharide is starch or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Compositions
wherein the polysaccharide is starch or a derivative thereof
such as modified starch or cationic starch.
Subclass:
213
Polysaccharide is a xanthan (e.g., scleroglucans, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Compositions
wherein the polysaccharide is a xanthan such as scleroglucan,
etc.
(1) Note. Xanthans are polysaccharide gums composed of
D-glucosyl, D-mannosyl, and D-glucosyluronic acid residues
and differing proportions of O-acetyl and pyruvic acid
acetal. The primary structure consists of a cellulose
backbone with trisaccharide side chains, with the repeating
unit being a pentasaccharide.
Subclass:
214
Polysaccharide is cellulose or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Compositions
wherein the polysaccharide is cellulose or a derivative
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for fibrous cellulose in which the fibrous character has
been retained from an original plant or animal source (e.g.,
paper, cotton, etc.).
Subclass:
215
Carboxyalkylcellulose (e.g., CMC, CMHEC, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Compositions
wherein the cellulose derivative is a carboxyalkylcellulose
(e.g., carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), etc.).
(1) Note. Also included in this subclass is a
carboxyalkylcellulose which has been further derivatized
(e.g., hydroxyethylcarboxymethylcellulose (CMHEC), etc.).
Subclass:
216
Hydroxyalkylcellulose (e.g., HEC, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Compositions
wherein said cellulose derivative is a hydroxyalkylcellulose
(e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), etc.).
Subclass:
217
Polysaccharide is hydroxyalkyl ether derivative (e.g., HPG,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Compositions
wherein the polysaccharide is a hydroxyalkyl ether
carbohydrate derivative (e.g., hydroxypropylguar (HPG),
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for hydroxyalkylcellulose.
Subclass:
218
Ester is higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester (e.g.,
sorbitan oleate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Compositions
wherein the ester is a higher fatty or carboxylic acid ester
of an alcohol having five or more hydroxy groups bonded
directly to carbons.
(1) Note. A higher fatty acid denotes a monocarboxylic acid
containing an unbroken chain of at least seven carbon atoms
bonded to a carboxyl group.
Subclass:
219
Organic component is solid synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component is a solid synthetic resin.
(1) Note. A solid synthetic resin is a polymer which is
described as a solid or is described in one of the following
terms: (a) coagulated; (b) elastic; (c) elastomeric; (d)
friable; (e) meltable; (f) molten; (g) powder; (h) rubber;
(i) thermoplastic. A wax is not considered to be a solid even
if defined by one or more of the above terms.
(2) Note. In this area, the classification is dependent on a
monomer which is either part of the polymeric backbone or has
been reacted subsequent to polymerization, such as a graft or
block copolymer, and appears first in the instant schedule. A
monomer is a material which occurs in a polymer as a
repeating unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 206+ for humate, lignin, lignite, or
lignosulfonate graft copolymers.
subclasses 209+ for carbohydrate or gum graft copolymers.
261 for polyalkoxylates (e.g., polyalkoxylated alkylphenol,
etc.) or PEG-type polymers which are not resins.
Subclass:
220
Resin is polymer derived from phenolic and aldehydic
monomers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Compositions
wherein the resin is a polymer derived from phenolic and
aldehydic monomers.
Subclass:
221
Resin is polymer derived from ethylenic monomers only (e.g.,
maleic, itaconic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Compositions
wherein the resin is a polymer derived from ethylenically
unsaturated monomers only.
(1) Note. The ethylenically unsaturated monomer requires the
presence of two aliphatic carbon atoms bonded together by a
double or triple bond. See Class 526, subclass 72, for a
detailed discussion of polymers from only ethylenic
monomers.
(2) Note. Cross-linking an ethylenic polymer with a
nonethylenic cross-linking agent will not take the polymer
out of this subclass.
Subclass:
222
Polymer derived from monomer having quaternary ammonium
group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
wherein the polymer has been derived from an ethylenic
monomer containing a quaternary ammonium group and where the
ammonium nitrogen is attached to the ethylenic monomer by
direct or indirect nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A quaternary ammonium moiety which contains no
nonionic bond to the polymer is classified primarily
according to functional groups which are covalently bound to
the polymer. A cross-reference to subclass 240 is strongly
recommended.
Subclass:
223
Nitrogen of the quaternary ammonium group is a member of a
hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Compositions
wherein the nitrogen is a member of a hetero ring.
Subclass:
224
Polymer derived from acrylic acid monomer or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
containing a polymer derived from at least one acrylic acid
monomer or derivative (e.g., from CH2=C(R)-X, wherein X is
carbonyl, etc., and R is H or alkyl, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are methacrylate
polymers, etc.
Subclass:
225
Nitrogen is attached directly or indirectly to the acrylic
acid monomer or derivative by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
acrylamide, acrylonitrile, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Compositions
wherein nitrogen is attached to the acrylic moiety through
direct or indirect nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as part of a mere
counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example,
ammonium polyacrylates are included in subclass 224.
Subclass:
226
Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to the acrylic acid
monomer or derivative by nonionic bonding (e.g.,
acrylamidoalkane sulfonates, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Compositions
wherein both nitrogen and sulfur are attached to the acrylic
moiety through direct or indirect nonionic bonding (e.g.,
acrylamidoalkylsulfonates, etc.).
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen or sulfur as part of a
mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example,
poly (N,N,N-trialkylaminoalkylacrylate sulfate salt is
included in subclass 225.
Subclass:
227
Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to the ethylenic
monomer by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
wherein the polymer contains sulfur attached to an ethylenic
moiety directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with sulfur as part of a mere
counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
poly(vinylphosphonium) sulfate is included in subclass 221.
Subclass:
228
Monomer contains benzene ring and sulfonate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Compositions
wherein the monomer contains a benzene ring and a sulfonate
group.
Subclass:
229
Hetero nitrogen ring is attached directly or indirectly to
the ethylenic monomer by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
wherein the polymer contains a nitrogen containing hetero
ring which is attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A hetero ring as part of a mere counterion to an
ethylenic moiety is not a basis for including such a
composition in this subclass. For example, a pyridinium
poly(vinyl sulfate) is classified in subclass 227. An
additional cross-reference in subclass 240 in accordance with
the (8) Note under subclass 200 is highly recommended.
(2) Note. The term "hetero ring" denotes a ring having
carbon and at least one atom from the group consisting of
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring
members; and contains no other element as a ring member. As
the term relates to this subclass, nitrogen must be one of
the hetero atoms in the ring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for organic N-heterocyclic cations to polymeric anions.
Subclass:
230
Polymer contains vinyl alcohol unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
wherein the polymer contains a vinyl alcohol unit.
(1) Note. In the absence of information to the contrary, a
hydrolysis product of polyvinyl acetate is polyvinyl alcohol
and is provided for herein.
Subclass:
231
Carbocyclic ring is attached directly or indirectly to the
ethylenic monomer by nonionic bonding (e.g., styrene, vinyl
toluene, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Compositions
wherein the polymer contains a carbocyclic ring which is
attached to an ethylenic moiety directly or indirectly by
nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with a carbocyclic ring as part of a
mere counterion to an ethylenic moiety is not a basis for
including such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
tetraphenylammonium poly(vinyl phosphonate) is classified in
subclass 221. An additional cross-reference in subclass 240
in accordance with the (8) Note under subclass 200 is highly
recommended.
Subclass:
232
Organic component is asphalt or a component or derivative
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component is asphalt or is a component or
derivative of the asphalt.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for Gilsonite (TM) which is
a trade name for an asphaltite, manjak, bitumen, brown
asphalt, asphaltenes, maltenes, macadam, etc.
Subclass:
233
Organic component contains silicon attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein silicon is attached to organic carbon directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with silicon as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
quaternary ammonium silicate is included in subclass 240.
Subclass:
234
Organic component contains a direct carbon to silicon bond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Compositions
containing silicon directly bonded to carbon.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are silicones,
siloxanes, organosilanes, etc.
Subclass:
235
Organic component contains phosphorous attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein phosphorous is attached to carbon directly or
indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with phosphorous as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, a
quaternary ammonium phosphate is included in subclass 240.
Subclass:
236
Organic component contains nitrogen attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Compositions
wherein nitrogen and phosphorous are attached to carbon
directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Included herein are phosphatides (e.g., lecithin),
phosphoramides, etc.
Subclass:
237
Organic component contains a direct carbon to phosphorous
nonionic bond (e.g., phosphonate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a direct nonionic
carbon to phosphorous bond.
Subclass:
238
Organic component is a phosphate ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Compositions
wherein the organic component is a phosphate ester.
Subclass:
239
Organic component contains nitrogen attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein nitrogen is attached to carbon directly or indirectly
by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. A composition with nitrogen as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
such a composition in this subclass. For example, an ammonium
alkylsulfonate is included in subclass 259; however, if the
ammonium cation is a quaternary alkylammonium, then placement
is in subclass 240. An additional cross-reference in subclass
259 in accordance with the (8) Note under subclass 200 is
highly recommended.
Subclass:
240
Organic component is quaternary ammonium salt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein the organic component is a quaternary ammonium salt.
Subclass:
241
Organic component contains plural carboxylic acid, ester, or
salt groups attached directly or indirectly to nitrogen by
nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains plural carboxylic acid
groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, or carboxylic acid salt
groups which are attached to nitrogen directly or indirectly
by nonionic bonding.
Subclass:
242
Nitrogen is part of a hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein said component contains nitrogen as part of a hetero
ring (e.g., methylene blue, pyridine, piperidine, etc.).
(1) Note. The term "hetero ring" denotes a ring having
carbon and at least one atom from the group consisting of
nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium as ring
members; and it contains no other element as a ring member.
For the purposes of this subclass, the hetero ring requires
the presence of nitrogen.
Subclass:
243
Plural heteroatoms in the ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Compositions
wherein there are two or more heteroatoms in the hetero ring
(e.g., imidazoline, etc.).
(1) Note. The ring heteroatoms are selected from nitrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. For the purposes of
this subclass, at least one of the heteroatoms must be
nitrogen.
Subclass:
244
Oxygen is attached directly or indirectly to carbon by
nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains nitrogen and oxygen
both of which are attached to carbon directly or indirectly
by nonionic bonding (e.g., alkanolamines, amino acids, ureas,
amides, etc.).
(1) Note. Nitrogen or oxygen as part of a mere counterion to
an ionic compound does not bring the composition into this
subclass. (For example, an alkylmagnesium nitrate is
classified in subclass 203 above.)
(2) Note. Solid inorganic oxides treated with a nitrogen
containing organic compound are not nonionically bonded
unless there is disclosure to the contrary and are classified
in subclasses 239+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 269+ for cyanate salts.
Subclass:
245
Organic component contains a nitrogen attached directly to
oxygen by nonionic bonding (e.g., nitroaromatic, amineoxide,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a direct nitrogen to
oxygen nonionic bond (e.g., trimethylamine oxide,
nitroaromatics, nitrosoaromatics, etc.).
(1) Note. Nitrogen and/or oxygen as part of a mere
counterion to an ionic compound is not a basis for including
a composition in this subclass. (For example, an
alkylmagnesium nitrate is classifiable in subclass 203
above.)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 269+ for isocyanate salts.
Subclass:
246
Organic component contains an ether linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains an ether linkage;
i.e., two carbons directly bonded to the same oxygen atom
(e.g., polyoxyalkyleneamines, etc.).
Subclass:
247
Sulfur is attached directly or indirectly to carbon by
nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains sulfur which is
attached to carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding
(e.g., thioureas, etc.).
Subclass:
248
Organic component consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and
nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Compositions
wherein the organic component includes only carbon, hydrogen,
and nitrogen.
Subclass:
249
Organic component contains carbon double or triple bonded to
nitrogen (e.g., cyano, nitrilo, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Compositions
wherein the nitrogen atom is double or triple bonded to
carbon (e.g., a cyano or nitrilo compound, etc.).
Subclass:
250
Organic component is acyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Compositions
wherein the organic component does not contain a ring
structure.
Subclass:
251
Organic component contains plural nitrogen atoms attached
directly or indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains two or more nitrogens
(e.g., polyamines, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for polyamines having an ether linkage.
Subclass:
252
Organic component contains sulfur attached directly or
indirectly to carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains sulfur attached to
carbon directly or indirectly by nonionic bonding.
(1) Note. Sulfur as part of an inorganic counterion to an
ionic compound is not a basis for including a composition in
this subclass. (For example, a quaternary alkylarsonium
sulfate is classifiable in subclass 203.)
Subclass:
253
Organic component contains ether linkage (i.e., C-O-C):
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains two carbons directly
bonded to the same oxygen (i.e.,C-O-C).
(1) Note. An ether is an organic compound having the general
structure C-O-C wherein the carbon bonded to the oxygen atom
cannot be double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or
tellurium or triple bonded to nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for thioethers containing no oxygen ether linkage.
Subclass:
254
The sulfur is part of a sulfate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Compositions
wherein the sulfur in the organic component is part of a
sulfate group.
(1) Note. The presence of an inorganic anion sulfate group
is not a basis for placement in this subclass. See the (1)
Note in subclass 252.
Subclass:
255
The sulfur is part of a sulfonate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Compositions
wherein the sulfur in the organic component is part of a
sulfonate group.
Subclass:
256
Organic component contains a sulfur attached directly to
carbon by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a sulfur which is
attached to a carbon directly by nonionic bonding.
Subclass:
257
Plural alkyls attached directly to the same sulfur atom or to
a chain of sulfur atoms by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Compositions
wherein two or more alkyls are nonionically bonded directly
to the same sulfur atom or to a chain of sulfur atoms (e.g.,
thioethers, dialkyl polysulfides, etc.).
Subclass:
258
Alkyl and hydrogen attached directly to the same sulfur atom
or to a chain of sulfur atoms by nonionic bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Compositions
wherein an alkyl and a hydrogen are nonionically bonded
directly to the same sulfur atom or to a chain of sulfur
atoms (e.g., thiols, mercaptans, etc.).
Subclass:
259
The sulfur is part of a sulfonate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Compositions
wherein the sulfur is part of a sulfonate group.
Subclass:
260
Organic component is polycarboxylic acid, ester, or salt
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component is a polycarboxylic acid, a
polycarboxylic acid ester, or a salt thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for EDTA, NTA, and other polycarboxyl compounds
containing nitrogen.
Subclass:
261
Organic component contains ether linkage (e.g., PEG ether,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains two carbons bonded
directly to the same oxygen (e.g., cyclic ethers such as
pyrans, furans, crown ethers, etc.; linear ethers; and
polyethers such as polyalkoxylated alkylphenols, polyalkylene
glycols, etc.).
Subclass:
262
Organic component contains a carbocyclic group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains at least one
homocyclic carbon ring which may be aliphatic or aromatic.
Subclass:
263
Organic component contains a carbocyclic group (e.g.,
cycloaliphatic, aromatic ring, tall oil, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains at least one ring of
carbon atoms (e.g., cycloaliphatics and aromatic rings, tall
oils such as abietic-acid-containing compositions, etc.).
Subclass:
264
Organic component is a phenol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a hydroxy group bonded
directly to a benzene ring which benzene ring may be
substituted or unsubstituted and may be part of a polycyclo
ring system.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are catechol,
resorcinol, etc.
Subclass:
265
Organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty oil,
ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or higher fatty acid or
salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component is a fat, fatty alcohol, fatty
oil, ester-type wax, fatty still residue, or higher fatty
acid, including salts thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for carbohydrate esters of fatty acids.
263 for tall oil, rosin, rosin acids, resin acids, abietic
acids, and other organic components containing carbocyclic
groups.
ESTER-TYPE WAXES
Waxes which are essentially esters in chemical structure
(e.g., beeswax, montan wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti, etc.).
FATTY STILL RESIDUES
Intended to include the bottoms, tars, or pitches resulting
from distillation of fats, oils, and waxes.
FATS and FATTY OILS
The glycerides of higher fatty acids, including naturally
occurring mixtures thereof present in a single oil or fat.
FATTY ALCOHOL
An alcohol containing an unbroken chain of at least seven
carbon atoms bonded to a hydroxy group.
HIGHER FATTY ACID
A monocarboxylic acid containing an unbroken chain of at
least seven carbon atoms bonded to a carboxyl group (e.g.,
lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic, ricinoleic, linoleic, and
behenolic, etc.). Where there are several unbroken chains of
carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group, one of the chains
must contain at least seven carbon atoms.
Subclass:
266
Organic component contains an alcohol group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a hydroxy group
directly bonded to carbon.
(1) Note. An alcohol is an organic compound having the
general structure -C-OH wherein the carbon atom bound to the
oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group cannot be double bonded to
oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple bonded to
nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for alkanolamines and other nitrogen-containing
alcohols.
265 for fatty alcohols.
Subclass:
267
Organic component contains carboxylic acid, ester, or salt
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains a carboxylic acid, a
carboxylic acid ester, or a carboxylic acid salt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for nitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acids (e.g.,
EDTA, etc.).
260 for polycarboxylic acids (e.g., malonic acid, maleic
acid, etc.).
265 for carboxylic acids with a chain of seven or more
carbon atoms (e.g., fatty acids, etc.)
266 for hydroxy-containing carboxylic acids (e.g., lactic
acid, etc.).
Subclass:
268
Organic component contains a carbonyl group (e.g., aldehyde,
ketone, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Compositions
wherein the organic component contains an oxygen double
bonded to carbon.
Subclass:
269
Contains inorganic component other than water or clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Compositions
containing an inorganic component which is neither water nor
clay.
(1) Note. The compositions proper for this and the indented
subclasses may contain water or clay, but they must also
contain an inorganic component in addition to the water or
clay.
(2) Note. For the purposes of this and the indented
subclasses, the term "water" does not include seawater
brine.
(3) Note. The term "clay" encompasses the following:
fuller's earth, bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite,
palygorskite, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, hectorite,
sepiolite, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
270
Inorganic component is elemental metal or alloy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component is an elemental metal or an
alloy.
(1) Note. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metallic
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
271
Inorganic component contains Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, or Ni:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component has titanium (Ti), zirconium
(Zr), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe),
or nickel (Ni).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
272
Inorganic component contains copper or zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component has copper or zinc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
273
Inorganic component contains boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component has boron.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
274
Inorganic component contains phosphorous:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Composition
wherein the inorganic component has phosphorous.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
275
Inorganic component contains arsenic or antimony:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component has arsenic or antimony.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
276
Inorganic component contains potassium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component has potassium.
(1) Note. The composition of this subclass must contain
potassium other than as a mere natural component in a normal
seawater brine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a composition containing normal seawater brine
without the addition of any of the components proper for
subclasses 201 through 276 in this class.
Subclass:
277
Inorganic component is soluble in the well treating medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Compositions
wherein the inorganic component is soluble in the well
treating medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
901 and 902-907, and 920-940, for Art Collections pertaining
to subclasses 200- 277.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS 901 - 907 RELATE TO
SUBCLASSES 90 - 277. CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTION 910
RELATES TO SUBCLASSES 100 - 145. CROSS-REFERENCE ART
COLLECTIONS 920 - 940 RELATE TO SUBCLASSES 200 - 277.
Subclass:
901
ORGANICALLY MODIFIED INORGANIC SOLID:
Subject matter wherein the composition contains an
organically modified inorganic solid.
Subclass:
902
CONTROLLED RELEASE AGENT:
Subject matter wherein the composition contains a controlled
release agent.
(1) Note. Said agent is a component in a form such as stick,
capsule, or solid matrix, etc., for release in a delayed,
sustained, or otherwise controlled manner.
Subclass:
903
CROSSLINKED RESIN OR POLYMER:
Subject matter wherein the composition contains a crosslinked
resin or polymeric material.
(1) Note. Material may be crosslinked before injection into
a borehole or may include agents for intentional crosslinking
within the borehole.
Subclass:
904
PROCESS OF MAKING FLUIDS OR ADDITIVES THEREFOR:
Subject matter which includes a process of making well fluids
or additives therefor.
(1) Note. The mere mixing of components is excluded;
however, a critical manner of mixing or order of adding
components is included. See this class, subclass 901, for a
method of organic modification of an inorganic solid.
Excluded from this art collection is the synthesis of a
single organic compound wherein said compound is isolated and
identified.
Subclass:
905
NONTOXIC COMPOSITION:
Subject matter wherein the composition is intentionally
nontoxic.
(1) Note. Intended for this collection is subject matter
wherein there is a disclosure of a relative lack of toxicity
of the whole composition to any living organism in comparison
with art accepted alternatives.
Subclass:
906
SOLID INORGANIC ADDITIVE IN DEFINED PHYSICAL FORM:
Subject matter wherein the composition contains a solid
inorganic additive in a defined physical form.
(1) Note. The degree of fineness, per se, (e.g., a size or
diameter measurement) is insufficient to define physical
form.
(2) Note. Said solid additive usually is in a defined form
for functional purposes. Forms such as spheres, cones, disks,
rods, etc., are included.
Subclass:
907
INDICATING MEANS (E.G., DYE, FLUORESCING AGENT, ETC.):
Subject matter wherein the composition contains an
intentionally included indicating means, e.g., dye,
fluorescing agent, etc.
(1) Note. These indicating means are included to indicate
the condition of the fluid, e.g., contamination, rheology,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 129+ for dyes having an organic nitrogen. For
example, methylene blue has an N-heterocycle and is placed in
subclass 130.
Subclass:
910
EARTH BORING FLUID DEVOID OF DISCRETE AQUEOUS PHASE:
Subject matter wherein the earth boring fluid is devoid of a
discrete aqueous phase.
(1) Note. In the absence of disclosure to the contrary,
oil-based drilling fluids with less than 10 percent water
have no discrete aqueous phase.
Subclass:
920
BIOCIDAL:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to be biocidal.
Subclass:
921
SPECIFIED BREAKER COMPONENT FOR EMULSION OR GEL:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to break an emulsion or gel or to uncrosslink a
polymer.
Subclass:
922
FRACTURE FLUID:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to be injected under sufficient pressure to create
fractures or fissures in the well walls.
Subclass:
923
Fracture acidizing:
Subject matter under art collection 922 wherein the
fracturing operation is conducted in the presence of an
acidic fracture fluid which is intended to hydrolyze
downhole.
Subclass:
924
With specified propping feature:
Subject matter under art collection 922 wherein the fracture
fluid contains a specified propping feature which is usually
a solid which holds the fissures or crevices open after the
fracturing operation.
Subclass:
925
COMPLETION OR WORKOVER FLUID:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to be used in a generically disclosed workover or
completion operation.
(1) Note. A well completion fluid is one generally used in
accessing formations which are thought to contain the desired
material (i.e., oil) and they allow for the influx of said
desired material into the wellbore.
(2) Note. A narrowly suggested workover application (i.e.,
fracturing, enhanced oil recovery, acidizing, etc.) is not
intended for this subclass.
Subclass:
926
PACKER FLUID:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to be applied to the well walls to maintain
stability of the well, yet will also permit fluids to pass
through said walls.
Subclass:
927
WELL CLEANING FLUID:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to remove deposits which accumulate in a well during
use or which prevent or diminish the accumulation of deposits
which would otherwise occur during the use of a well.
(1) Note. Well cleaning indicates removal of a contaminant
from the well or prevention of deposit of such contaminant in
the well.
Subclass:
928
Spacing slug or preflush fluid:
Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein the well
cleaning fluid is (i) a slug of fluid intended to separate a
previous fluid from a following fluid, sometimes because of
the incompatability of the two fluids, or (ii) a fluid
intended to remove a filter cake which is no longer desired.
Subclass:
929
Cleaning organic contaminant:
Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein the well
cleaning fluid is for cleaning an organic component from the
well.
Subclass:
930
Organic contaminant is asphaltic:
Subject matter under art collection 929 wherein the well
cleaning fluid is for cleaning an asphaltic residue from the
well.
Subclass:
931
Organic contaminant is paraffinic:
Subject matter under art collection 929 wherein the well
cleaning fluid is for cleaning a paraffinic residue from the
well.
Subclass:
932
Cleaning sulfur deposits:
Subject matter under art collection 927 wherein the well
cleaning fluid is for cleaning a sulfur deposit from the
well.
Subclass:
933
ACIDIZING OR FORMATION DESTROYING:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to treat the geological formation of the well with
acid or to destroy or dissolve the geological formation by
chemical reaction.
Subclass:
934
With inhibitor:
Subject matter under art collection 933 wherein the acidizing
or formation destroying composition includes a material added
specifically to inhibit undesirable activity caused by the
acid (e.g., corrosion, etc.).
Subclass:
935
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
directly or indirectly useful in obtaining oil from an oil
bearing formation after primary recovery is complete (i.e.,
after the oil ceases to enter the well on its own).
Subclass:
936
Flooding the formation:
Subject matter under art collection 935 wherein the well
treating composition is intended to be injected into an oil
bearing formation from one well in order to force the oil
into at least one other well.
Subclass:
937
With emulsion:
Subject matter under art collection 936 wherein the flooding
composition is an emulsion intended to be injected into an
oil bearing formation in order to enhance oil recovery.
Subclass:
938
With microemulsion:
Subject matter under art collection 937 wherein the emulsion
is a microemulsion.
(1) Note. A microemulsion has particles from 0.01 to 0.20
micrometers (10 to 200nm) in size. Furthermore, a disclosure
of micellar dispersion or transparent emulsion is synonymous
with microemulsion for the purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
939
CORROSION INHIBITOR:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition prevents
or decreases corrosion in the well.
Subclass:
940
FREEING STUCK OBJECT FROM WELLBORE:
Subject matter wherein the well treating composition is
intended to aid in the removal of an object which has become
jammed or stuck in the wellbore (e.g., part of drill string,
etc.).
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000