U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 502
CATALYST, SOLID SORBENT, OR SUPPORT THEREFOR: PRODUCT OR
PROCESS OF MAKING
Class Definition:
This class provides for (1) a mixture of materials intended
to catalyze a reaction or to sorb a component of a fluid or
(2) certain single materials specifically structured to
catalyze a reaction or sorb a component.
In this class, many subclasses are based on the groupings of
elements in the periodic chart. Below are listed elements in
the group as used in the class.
Group I metals: Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K),
Rubidium(Rb), Cesium(Ca), Francium(Fr), Copper(Cu),
Silver(Ag), and Gold(Au)
Group II metals: Beryllium(Be), Magnesium(Mg), Calcium(Ca),
Strontium(Sr), Barium(Ba), Radium(Ra), Zinc(Zn), Cadmium(Cd),
and Mercury(Hg)
Group III: Scandium(Sc), Ttrium(Y), Aluminum(Al),
Gallium(Ga), Indium(In), and Thallium(Tl)*
Group IV: Titanium(Ti), Zirconium(Zr), Hafnium(Hf),
Germanium(Ge), Tin(Sn), and Lead(Pd)
Group V metals: Vanadium(V), Niobium(Nb), Tantalum(Ta),
Arsenic(As), Antimony(Sb), and Bismuth(Bi)
Group VI metals: Chromium(Cr), Molybdenum(Mo), Wolfram(W),
Tungsten(T), and Polonium(Po)
Group VII metals: Manganese(Mn), Technetium(To), and
Rhenium(Re)
Group VIII: Iron group metals, Iron(Fe), Cobalt(Co),
Nickel(Ni), and the platinum group metals, Ruthenium(Ru),
Rhodium(Rh), Palladium(Pd), Osmium(Os), Iridium(In), and
Platinum(Pt)
Lanthanides: Elements with atomic numbers 57-71 inclusive,
Lanthanum(La), Cerium(Ce), Praseodymium(Pr), Neodymium(Nd),
Promethium(Pm), Samarium(Sm), Europium(Eu), Gadolinium(Gd),
Terbium(Tb), Dysprosium(Dy), Holmium(Ho), Erbium(Er),
Thulium(Th), Ytterbium(Yb), and Lutetium(Lu)
Alkaline earth metals: Calcium(Ca), Strontium(Sr),
Barium(Ba), and Radium(Ra)
Alkali metals: Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K),
Rubidium(Rb), Cesium(Cs), and Francium(Fr)
Actinides: Elements with atomic numbers 89 and above
inclusive, Actinium(Ac), Thorium(Th), Protactinium(Pa),
Uranium(U), Neptunium(Np), Plutonium(Pu), Americium(Am),
Curium(Cm), Berkelium(Bk), Californium(Cf), Einsteinium(Es),
Fermium(Fm), Mendelevium(Md), Nobelium(No), Lawrencium(Lr)*
Halogens: Fluorine(F), Chlorine(Cl), Bromine(Br) Iodine(I),
and Astatine(At)
Lithium(Li), Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), Rubidium(Rb),
Cesium(Cs), and Francium(Fr)
Rare earth: Scandium(Sc), Yttrium(Y), and Lanthanide group
* La is grouped with the Lanthanides and Ac with the
Actinides.
(1) Note. Except as indicated in the title and definition,
the subclasses in this class provide for both a product and a
process of making the product.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Lines Within This Class
In this schedule some subclasses, namely 6, 8+, 104+ and 151
provide for methods only and a claim to a product must be
classified in another subclass, while other subclasses, e.g.,
11+, 20+, and 418+ although developed on a process theme,
provide also for the products of the process. Except for
those situations in which a subclass for a specific process
is provided, a method of making a composition of this class
is classified with the composition, per se.
Lines With Other Classes
(1) Classes directed to element or compound
Superiority is dependent on comprehensiveness. A patent
claiming a new compound and a composition of this class
including such compound is placed here as an original and
cross referenced to the compound class. A patent claiming a
new compound or process of making it, and a composition of
this class which is used in making the compound is placed in
the compound class as an original and cross-referenced here.
(2) Chemical Composition Placement
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
References to Other Classes, below, are directed to the
following: Classes Providing for Related Matter; or Classes
Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for a process of dyeing,
bleaching or cleaning a textile which may utilize a catalyst
or sorbent. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, for a composition designed
to initiate or sustain a flame and which may include a
catalyst or sorbent. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23.2 for gas analysis by
use of a sorbent. (Class Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent
Functions.)
95, Gas Separation: Processes, subclasses 90+ for processes
of gas separation using solid sorbents. Class 95 will take
the combination of gas separation using a solid sorbent and
regenerating the solid sorbent. (Class Providing for Related
Matter.)
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclasses 108+ for solid
sorbent apparatus for gas separation. Class 502 will take
zeolite or other solid sorbent compositions having details of
the physical characteristics of the composition itself (e.g.,
porosity, particle size, etc.). Class 502 will also take
zeolite or other solid sorbent compositions that are layered,
laminated, or otherwise affixed to another zeolite or other
solid sorbent composition or to a support material. Class 96
takes apparatus having (a) an inlet for the fluid mixture to
be treated, (b) a means effective to cause separation into
constituent parts, and (c) an outlet for at least one
constituent separate and distinct from an outlet for another
constituent or a single outlet used at different times to
remove the separated constituents. The means causing
separation into constituent parts confines the zeolite or
other solid sorbent composition inside an enclosure that
contains the fluid mixture being separated. Class 96 also
takes filter elements having zeolite or other solid sorbent
compositions held in an open structure or rim that encases,
holds, or borders the zeolite or other solid sorbent
composition or held on a skeletal structure. (Class Providing
for Related Matter.)
119, Animal Husbandry, particularly subclasses 171+ for
material used for absorbing moisture from an animal waste
product, i.e., excrement or urine. (Class Providing for
Related Matter.)
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for a process using a
sorbent in refining. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, for a
composition of that class which may include a catalyst or
sorbent. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
201, Distillation: Processes Thermolytic, for a process
producing char or a carbon residue which may have catalytic
or sorbent properties. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for an electrode
of that class which may be catalytic or a process of treating
an electrolyte of that class which may include sorbing.
(Class Providing for Related Matter.)
206, Special Receptacles or Package, subclass 0.7 and 204
for a container of that class including a sorbent. (Class
Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.)
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for a process
which may employ a catalyst or sorbent in treating petroleum.
(Class Providing for Related Matter.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for a process which
may utilize a catalyst or sorbent in treating water or
liquids in general. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
252, Compositions, for a composition of general or of some
specific utilities and the relative position of this class
(502) with the various uses and functions provided for in
that class. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (or the 520 and 530-570
series of classes incorporated therein) for either an organic
compound which may be used as a catalyst or sorbent or a
process using a catalyst or sorbent in making or purifying an
organic compound. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, subclass 900 for an
alloy which may sorb hydrogen. (Class Which May Have
Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, particularly
subclass 30, 69+, 88+, 122, 177+, 190+, 211+, and 312 for a
process using, or apparatus including, a catalyst or sorbent.
(Class Which May Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Digest 13 and 16 for
specific techniques which may be useful in using or
regenerating a catalyst or sorbent. (Class Which May Have
Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, for either an
inorganic compound which may be used as a catalyst or sorbent
and especially subclasses 700+ for a zeolite or a process
using a catalyst to make an inorganic compound. (Class
Providing for Related Matter.)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for a food which may include a sorbent. (Class
Providing for Related Matter.)
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Compositions, or
Product Thereof, for a light sensitive composition which may
include a catalyst. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
435, Chemistry Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for an
enzyme or a method using an enzyme. (Class Providing for
Related Matter.)
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
appropriate subclasses for chemical analysis or testing
processes involving the use of a sorbent. (Class Which May
Have Catalytic or Sorbent Functions.)
518, Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification or
Recovery of Products Thereof, for a process of that class
using a catalyst and see especially subclass 701, 707, 709,
713, to 721 and subclass 722 for a process using a sorbent.
(Class Providing for Related Matter.)
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for a process in
which a catalyst or sorbent may be used to produce a
hydrocarbon. (Class Providing for Related Matter.)
GLOSSARY:
SYNONYMS OF THE ELEMENTS
Alabamine = astatine, Aldebaranium = ytterbium
Argentum = silver, Aurum = gold
Austrium = impure gallium, Cassiopeium = Iutecium
Celtium = lutecium, Columbium = niobium
Demonium = dysprosium, Deuterium = hydrogen
Didymium = neodymium and praseodymium
Dwi-manganese = rheniu, Eka-aluminum = gallium
Eka-boron = scandium, Eka-cesium = virginium
Eka-iodine = alabamine, Eka-manganese = masurium
Eka-silicon = germanium, Eka-tantalum= protactinium
Erythronium= vanadium, Ferrum = iron
Florentium = illinium, Glucinum = beryllium
Hydrargyrum = mercury, Illinium = promethium
Kalium = potassium, Masurium = technetium
Natrium = sodium, Neoytterbium = ytterbium
Niobium = Columbium, Niton = radon
Plumbum = lead, Radium emanation = radon
Stannum = tin, Stibium = antimony
Tritiumum = hydrogen, Virginium = francium
Wolfram = tungsten
The meaning to be given to the various "art" terms appearing
in this class, but which have not been included in the
glossary below, is the same as that generally accepted or in
common usage. However, certain terms employed in this class,
which are included below, have been assigned definitions
tailored to meet the needs of this class and therefore those
may be more restricted or less limited or even altogether
different from those in common usage.
ACTIVATED
The state or condition of a material which has been treated
or acted upon to enable it to function as intended. In
general a change is effected which is discernible often only
in the ability to perform such function. For instance,
activated charcoal.
ACTIVE CARBON
Sorbent form compressing carbon with either additive or
porous structure enhancing sorbability.
ANIMAL CHARCOAL
See Bone Black
BONE BLACK
Solid residue from chafing bones - @10%carbon, 80%
Ca[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt](PO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]),
used particularly in decolorizing sugar solutions.
CATALYST
An agent which affects or effects a chemical reaction by its
presence in the reaction mass (other than by dissolving or
dispersing the reactants) generally being recoverable from
the products as if it did not enter into the reaction and
merely provided the impetus for reaction of other materials.
While it was originally thought that a catalyst did not enter
the reaction and instead provided sites at which the
reactants, per se, interacted, it is understood now that at
least some transitory intermediates may involve the catalyst.
The catalyst, however does not contribute substance to the
desired final product even though it may remain inseparable
from such product.
CATALYZE
Affecting, effecting, promoting, or initiating a reaction by
being present-generally by presenting a contact surface and
usually recoverable from the product in essentially unchanged
form and operating other than by merely acting as a solvent.
The strict classical concept of a catalyst is not rigidly
adhered to now and the catalyst may disappear, change or be
included as an incidental moiety in the final product. A
catalyst may inhibit one reaction while promoting or allowing
another reaction but an agent strictly preventing or
retarding a reaction is a preservative for Class 252
Compositions, subclasses 380+. Examples of these retardants
or inhibitors are anti-oxidant and anti-knock compositions.
An agent that encourages a reaction by dispersing the
reactants such as a more effective solvent is not a catalyst.
A catalyst may be gaseous, liquid or solid.
CHAR
Carbonaceous reside from pyrolysis of organic material
generally of a hard burned pitch appearance.
CLAY
A naturally occurring hydrated aluminum silicate originally
derived from the earth, having physical properties due at
least in part to the size and distribution of colloidal
particles, and properties including plasticity. Thirty or
more percent of the particles are under 0.002 mm in
diameter.
(1) Note. The use of the term clay in a document is
considered to meet the above definition.
(2) Note. Terms recognized as clay: attapulgite, bentonite,
fuller's earth, halloysite, illite kaolin, montmorillonite,
mullite.
(3) Note. Some earthy silicon compounds that are not clay or
zeolite include Asbestos, Diaspore, Diatomaceous earth,
Diatomite, Feldspar, Guhr, Kieselgahr, Mica, Quartz, Sand,
and Silica.
METAL
An element that is not designated a nonmetal as listed infra.
Nonmetals are H, B, C, Si, N, P, O, S, Se, Te, Halogens (F,
Cl, Br, I, At,) and noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn). The
various types or groups of metals are as set out at the
beginning of the schedule.
ORGANIC
A compound in which carbon is bonded to (1) a second carbon;
(2) at least one atom of hydrogen or halogen; or (3) nitrogen
by a single or double bond; except cyanic and (HOCN) cyanogen
(NCCN), cyanamide (H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]NCN), cyanogen
halide (HalCN), hydrocyanic acid (HCN) isocyanic acid (HNCO)
fulminic acid (HCNO) and metal carbides (MeCCMe). See class
definition of Class 260.
SORB
The attracting and holding of a constituent of a contacting
fluid, on the surface, within pores, or throughout its mass
by a material of solid character. The sorbing is often
selective, preferentially attracting a component and not
attracting another but it may apply to a complete fluid. The
sorbent may comprise a solid impregnated with a normally
liquid material in which the mixture has a solid property but
does not encompass a solution of a solid in a liquid.
SPECIFICALLY STRUCTURED
Having shape or size designed or calculated to increase the
catalysis or sorbency of a material, generally by presenting
a greater surface area per unit volume or a pore size of
critical dimensions. Examples of specifically structured
single materials are Raney nickel and activated carbon. Since
porosity and specific pore size are inherent in zeolites,
critical dimensions of the pores of a Zeolite alone are not
considered to constitute specific structure.
ZEOLITE
A hydrous alumino silicate characterized by a three
dimensional framework of Si0[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] and
Al0[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] tetrahedra, cross-linked by the
sharing of oxygen atoms being chemically balanced by a
cation, usually sodium or calcium and of crystalline
structure such that openings or pores allow access to a
relatively large absorption area inside the crystal. The
cation may be ion exchanged for other metal ions, ammonia, an
amine or hydrogen. Zeolites may be activated for sorption by
driving off the water of hydration.
(1) Note. Terms Recognized as being Zeolite include
Analcite, Cancrinite, Chabazite, Clinotilolite, Cordierite,
Edingtonite, Erionite, Faujasite, Ferrierite, Gmelinite,
Heulandite, Laumontite, Levynite, Mesolite, Mordenite,
Natrolite, Offretite, Paulingite, Phillipsite, Ptilolite,
Scolecite, Thomsonite, ZSM, and ZK.
(2) Note. See the list in (3) Note of the definition of
Clay, supra, for some silicon compounds not treated as clays
or zeolites in this class (502).
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
HAVING FOREIGN OR DIVERSE FUNCTION (E.G., PREVENT CORROSION,
ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition having utility in addition to catalysis or
sorbency.
(1) Note. The diverse function may comprehend myriad uses,
e.g., impart color, etc., but a claimed function provided for
in Class 252, Compositions in the schedule higher than
subclass 478 is superior and will govern classification.
(2) Note. Some wick compositions may be classified here on
the basis of a heat conductivity in addition to sorbency, but
the bulk of wick compositions are classified in subclasses
400+.
(3) Note. A composition intended to function as an ignitor
by catalytic and incandescing action is proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 1 for a generically claimed
composition having several disclosed uses and the appropriate
subclass for a composition having a claimed utility provided
for in that class schedule down to subclass 194, inclusive.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
Subclass:
2
With structure having utility in addition to support or
carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Composition
having a shape or dimension serving a purpose other than as a
carrier for or to enhance the surface contact area of
catalytic or sorbent material.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a nominally claimed (a)
self cleaning oven wall or (b) exhaust muffler with catalytic
activity.
(2) Note. The foreign or diverse function is usually
provided by the physical form of the composition in this
subclass, while the other function in subclass 1 is usually
due to the chemical nature of the composition.
Subclass:
3
TO BE USED AS A MELT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition intended to function in the liquid phase, and
which at standard temperature and pressure would be solid.
(1) Note. To be classified here, a patent must include a
claim reciting the liquid phase, or molten feature.
(2) Note. A sorbent which would normally be solid at room
temperature but is claimed as a liquid or melt is
classifiable here.
Subclass:
4
IN FORM OF A MEMBRANE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition claimed in terms designating a relatively thin,
flexible film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 500.21 for
a membrane for treating liquids, in general, and water, in
particular, by selective diffusion therethrough of components
of the liquid.
Subclass:
5
IRRADIATION BY, OR APPLICATION OF, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC OR
WAVE ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
of preparing or perfecting a composition under the ... by
subjecting it to a flow or current of electrons, a sonic,
magnetic, or electromotive field, or bombardment by sub
atomic particles or radiant energy (e.g., ion implantation,
ultra sonic vibration, actinic light, X-rays, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
522 for a cross-reference art collection of compositions of
this class, activated for use, by radiant energy.
Subclass:
6
CONTROL RESPONSIVE TO SENSED CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving a process control which is responsive to
a sensed condition, (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.).
(1) Note. A process of regenerating a composition of this
class with automatic control of temperature is classifiable
here.
Subclass:
7
BIOSPECIFIC MATERIAL, OR PRODUCED BY ENZYME OR
MICROORGANISM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition peculiarly adapted to affect or bind a unique or
very narrow spectrum of biological material, or produced by a
living plant or animal of a size normally visible only
through a microscope.
(1) Note. Microorganism includes bacterium, yeast, fungus,
virus and unicellular alga.
(2) Note. A composition in which a catalytic function is
supplied only by an enzyme is classifiable in Class 435,
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
appropriate subclasses especially 183+, for an enzyme (also
known as a biological catalyst), per se, or a process using
an enzyme, and see the definition of that class (435) for
lines with other classes involving enzymes, and subclass 815
for a cross-reference art collection for a process of
separating enzymes.
Subclass:
8
FORMING OR TREATING A SPHERE, PROCESS ONLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method
in which catalytic, sorbent, or carrier material is shaped as
an orb or ball, or such material so shaped, is processed to
perfect it for a utility of this class.
(1) Note. The material may be a catalyst precursor or a
carrier, per se, claimed or disclosed solely for use in a
composition of this class.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclass provide for process
only, and a claim to a sphere of a composition of this class
must be classified in this schedule on some other basis,
generally being crossed down to the appropriate class
providing for the composition.
Subclass:
9
Forming other than by liquid immersion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Method in which
the spherical shape is imparted by solid or gaseous means.
(1) Note. Some examples of methods provided for in this
subclass are cutting, rolling, spraying, or atomizing, shot
tower dropping, etc.
Subclass:
10
Treating preformed sphere only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Process in which
a previously made sphere is subjected to the action of an
agent which perfects it for use as a catalyst or sorbent.
(1) Note. The agent may be chemical or physical.
Subclass:
11
INCLUDING ION EXCHANGING, EXCEPT ZEOLITES OR PRODUCT
THEREOF:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
in which a dissociably charged chemical moiety is released by
the composition and a different charged moiety of the same
polarity is captured, effecting a reversible chemical
replacement reaction.
(1) Note. While an ion exchange process for a zeolite for
this class is not classifiable here, such a process involving
a clay is classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ for a process of making a catalytic or
sorbent zeolite composition which may include an ion exchange
step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 179 and 184 for an ion
exchanging composition.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 25 for an
ion exchange synthetic resin.
Subclass:
12
For regenerating or rehabilitating catalyst or sorbent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Process, of
treating a composition which has been in use, to restore it
to a state of intended function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
processes of regenerating catalysts or adsorbents by drying
only.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclasses for a process of carbonizing by thermolytic
distillation.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus for making or
reactivating bone black and other carbonaceous adsorbents by
destructive distillation.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for processes of
converting or refining mineral oils which also includes the
steps of reactivating the catalyst or adsorbent used in the
process.
Subclass:
20
REGENERATING OR REHABILITATING CATALYST OR SORBENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
of treating a composition, which has been in use, to restore
it to a state of intended function by (a) removing
accumulated extraneous material, (b) replacing a lost
essential or perfecting component, (c) rearranging disturbed
elements into a former functionally useful configuration, or
(d) subjecting spent material to a force or environment
serving to make it again active for its intended function.
(1) Note. A steam treatment which is claimed to activate
spent carbon sorbent is provided for in this or an indented
subclass even though there is no disclosure of removal of
contaminant or addition of material.
(2) Note. Combinations of regeneration or reactivation of an
adsorbent and the recovery of the adsorbed material are
classified on the basis of the material recovered.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas Vapor Contact With Solids, for processes
of regenerating catalysts or adsorbents by drying only.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclasses for a process of carbonizing by thermolytic
distillation.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus for making or
reactivating bone black and other carbonaceous adsorbents by
destructive distillation.
208, Mineral oils: Processes and Products, for processes of
converting or refining mineral oils which also includes the
steps of reactivating the catalyst or adsorbent used in the
process.
Subclass:
21
Including segregation of diverse particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process wherein
components of the catalyst or sorbent are separated on the
basis of specific gravity, density, size, shape, or other
property of differing discrete small bodies of the
composition.
(1) Note. This subclass includes abrasion with segregation
of the catalyst or sorbent from abraded particles. It also
includes segregation of catalyst and foreign particles such
as dust.
(2) Note. Flotation separation is an example of a process
classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for
methods of segregation of particles of general utility.
Subclass:
22
Treating with a liquid or treating in a liquid phase,
including dissolved or suspended:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process in which
the catalyst or sorbent is contacted with a liquid or wherein
treatment is effected in a liquid medium.
(1) Note. In a liquid medium includes either dissolved or
suspended catalyst or sorbents.
(2) Note. The treating reagent is itself a liquid, is
dissolved or suspended in a liquid or is added to a catalyst
or sorbent which is dissolved or suspended in a liquid
carrier, or is itself a liquid, including molten.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for a catalyst which functions in a molten state.
Subclass:
23
"Wet air combustion" oxidation of material submerged in
liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process in which
the catalyst or sorbent is subjected to dissolved oxygen
under pressure and heat, below the critical temperature, such
that autogenic oxidation is effected.
(1) Note. Generally undesired extraneous carbonaceous
material is converted to water and carbon oxides.
(2) Note. The process is also known by several terms such as
"flameless combustion", "submerged combustion", etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 761 for a
similar process in which liquid is treated by oxidation of
components in the liquid phase.
Subclass:
24
Including intended dissolution or precipitation of a
substantial amount of an ingredient of the ultimate
composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process in which
an essential component of the composition is (1) dissolved in
a solvent or by reaction, or (2) caused to come out of
solution in a solid phase, permitting separation from
reaction products and/or extraneous material or providing
such component in an effective form.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass requires an
intentional dissolution of a component of the composition and
does not include incidental etching of an active material
during an acid treating to clean the metal surface.
(2) Note. A process in which additional active material may
be added by precipitation is not proper for this subclass.
The material precipitated must have been present in the
original catalyst composition, though possibly in a different
form.
Subclass:
25
Using salt or alkaline substance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process in which
the material utilized is capable of supplying a nonprotonic
positive ion.
(1) Note. The treating material of the subclass generally
gives a basic or neutral pH, but may include soaps (salts of
carboxylic acids) and acid salts (e.g., NaHSO[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt], CaHPO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]).
(2) Note. The use of a base to neutralize a previous acid
treatment is provided for in this subclass.
Subclass:
26
Ammonia or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Process in which
the alkaline material or salt comprises NH[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] or a derivative thereof e.g., amine, amide, or
quaternary ammonium salt.
Subclass:
27
Using acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process in which
a proton donor is utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for a process using a halogen acid in the gaseous state.
Subclass:
28
Organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Process in which
the acid contains carbon as set out in the term "organic" in
the glossary.
Subclass:
29
Organic liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Process in which
the treating agent is a liquid carbon compound as set out in
the term organic in the glossary.
(1) Note. The bulk of the disclosures in this subclass are
directed to solvent washing or extracting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for a flotation separating of particles process which may
include an organic liquid.
Subclass:
30
And gas addition thereto:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process which
includes the step of subjecting the composition to the action
of a gas.
(1) Note. The gas treatment may be concurrent with the
liquid treatment.
Subclass:
31
Hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process in which
the liquid used comprises a compound composed of only
hydrogen and carbon.
Subclass:
32
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process in which
the organic material contains a nonmetallic element from GP.
VII.
Subclass:
33
Oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Process in which
the organic material contains element number 8.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for a process utilizing an organic acid which may contain
oxygen.
Subclass:
34
Gas or vapor treating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process in which
the treating material is a readily diffusive fluid, tending
to expand indefinitely and with molecules in free movement.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the use of normally
liquid material which becomes gaseous under the prevailing
conditions (e.g., temperature above its boiling point).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for the use of a gas in conjunction with an organic
liquid to regenerate a catalyst or sorbent.
Subclass:
35
Using halogen containing substance including liquids
vaporizable upon contacting spent catalyst or sorbent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process in which
the treating material includes a nonmetallic element of GP.
VII, free or in a compound, in gaseous form or as a liquid
vaporizable upon contacting the spent material being
regenerated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for a catalytic or
sorbent process of that class which may include regeneration
of the catalyst or sorbent and see especially subclass 140.
Subclass:
36
Fluorine containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Process in which
the halogen is element number 9.
Subclass:
37
Simultaneously or subsequently adding free oxygen or use of
oxyhalogen compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Process in which
uncombined element number 8 is introduced with or after the
halogen material, or a halogen compound including element
number 8 is a treating agent.
Subclass:
38
Treating with free oxygen containing gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process in which
the gas includes uncombined element number 8.
Subclass:
39
And forming useful by-product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which
a second material or energy of value, apart from the catalyst
or sorbent composition is obtained.
(1) Note. The by-product forming does not include recovering
or separating of a reaction product or a sorbed component
resulting from the process in which the composition of this
class became spent. See (2) Note of subclass 20. The
by-product includes e.g., collected carbon oxide gas from
combustion of carbonaceous material fouling a catalyst or
heat of oxidation used to provide a source of power. The use
of heat generated in a process of rehabilitation to preheat
the treating agent, sorbent, or catalyst is not considered to
be forming a by-product.
Subclass:
40
And adding heat by admixing solid heat carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which
a transfer of heat is effected by intimately contacting the
spent material and/or treating gas with extraneous material
having a higher temperature.
(1) Note. Extraneous solid material includes recycled
regenerated material which may be mixed with incoming spent
material to cool such regenerated material and preheat the
spent material.
Subclass:
41
In gaseous suspension, (e.g., fluidized bed, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process wherein
particles of material are contacted by a column of gas rising
at a velocity which supports them in a state of turbulence.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Dig. 16 for a
collection of fluidization techniques.
Subclass:
42
And substantially complete oxidation of carbon monoxide to
carbon dioxide within regeneration zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process in which
is recited a positive step or condition serving to ensure
that any carbon monoxide produced is further reacted to form
carbon dioxide before leaving the site of the regeneration
process.
(1) Note. A process which is claimed to meet legally
acceptable emission standards for carbon monoxide is
classifiable here.
Subclass:
43
Plural distinct serial combustion stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process
including two or more sequential steps of energetic
oxidation.
(1) Note. The serial combustion stages may occur in the same
or different reaction zones by, in the first case, utilizing
distinctly differing combustion conditions or, in the second
case, causing a continuous flow of material through different
reaction zones.
Subclass:
44
Indirectly heating or cooling spent material within
regeneration zone or prior to entry into regeneration zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Process
employing a heat exchanger to change the temperature of the
sorbent or catalyst before or during contact with the
treating gas.
(1) Note. Heating of the treating gas, autogenous heating
and directly contacting the material with a heating or
cooling medium do not satisfy the requirement of indirectly
heating the spent material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for a similar process in which heat is added by use of an
admixed solid heat carrier.
Subclass:
45
Moving bed (e.g., vertically or horizontally, etc., moving
bulk material):
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which
the spent material is contacted by the gas while progressing
or being carried as a relatively compact mass.
(1) Note. The moving bed may be supported on a belt or be a
continuous flow of material through a zone and includes a
rising column of material supported by sequentially added
catalyst or sorbent. Additionally rotary motion is included,
as in a rotary kiln or screw conveyor.
(2) Note. Disclosures for this subclass will either be
silent as to relative movement of gas and spent material or
indicate all such relative movement to be equivalent.
Specified relative movement between gas and material is
provided for in an indented subclass.
Subclass:
46
Generally concurrent flow of oxygen containing gas and
material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Process in which
the treating fluid and the catalyst or sorbent move along the
same path and in the same direction.
Subclass:
47
Generally countercurrent flow of oxygen containing gas and
material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Process in which
the treating fluid and the catalyst or sorbent are fed in
opposite directions.
Subclass:
48
Generally transverse (i.e., lateral) flow of oxygen
containing gas relative to material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Process in which
the treating fluid travel is normal (at a right angle) to the
direction of catalyst or sorbent feed.
(1) Note. The gas may contact the material from above, below
or a side.
Subclass:
49
Plural distinct oxidation stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process
including a second treatment of the spent material with an
oxidizing agent differing in either location or reaction
condition.
(1) Note. Recitation of two or more stages differing in
temperature, pressure, or oxygen content is considered to
indicate plural distinct stages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 41+ for a similar plural stage oxidation process
using a fluidized bed.
50 for a second reactive gas treatment other than oxidation
(e.g., reduction, replacement etc.).
Subclass:
50
Reactive gas treating after oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in
which, subsequent to the gaseous oxidation, the spent
material is subjected to reaction with a nonoxidizing gas.
Subclass:
51
Oxidation gas comprises essentially steam and oxygen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which
water vapor is intentionally added to the free oxygen
containing gas.
Subclass:
52
With control of oxygen content in oxidation gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Process in which
the concentration of oxygen is maintained at or adjusted to a
predetermined parameter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for a process in which the oxygen is automatically
controlled.
42 for a fluidized process in which sufficient oxygen is
maintained to ensure elimination of carbon monoxide.
Subclass:
53
Elemental hydrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process in which
the treating fluid includes free element number one.
Subclass:
54
Ammonia or derivative thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process in which
the treating fluid comprises the compound of nitrogen and
three atoms of hydrogen or its substituted or additive forms
including ammonium salts, amines and salts thereof, amides,
and quaternary compounds.
Subclass:
55
Steam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process in which
the treating fluid consists essentially of vaporized water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for a similar process using steam added to air or other
free oxygen containing gas.
Subclass:
56
By heat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process in which
regeneration or rehabilitation is effected by an increase in
temperature.
(1) Note. The processes of this subclass may include the use
of a solid treating agent, but the use of a liquid or gas
treating agent is provided for in subclasses higher in the
schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 22+ for a liquid treating process which may
include heating.
Subclass:
60
ZEOLITE OR CLAY, INCLUDING GALLIUM ANALOGS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition which contains a naturally occurring earthy
aluminum silicate having the characteristics set out in the
glossary term "clay" or "zeolite" or a synthetic replica of
the natural material, or similar materials which contain
gallium rather than aluminum.
(1) Note. A synthetic zeolite, per se, is provided for in
Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, and subclass 700
definition explains the distinction between what is
considered a zeolite compound and a mixture. For placement in
this class (502) a zeolite must be admixed with something or
be claimed in terms of structure, sufficient to cause
classification in Class 428 rather than in Class 423. A
simple ion exchange operation is considered to give a
different zeolite compound still proper for Class 423. A
subsequent reduction of an exchanged ion is considered to
comprise a mixture, proper for a composition class. Because
particular pore size and/or shape is an inherent property of
a zeolite, recitation of pore structure peculiar to catalysis
or sorption, by itself, is not sufficient for placement in
this class (502). This contrasts with classification of
Raney-type catalysts and activated carbon sorbents.
(2) Note. See section V, Glossary, of the class definition
for this class (502) for definitions of clay and zeolite.
(3) Note. A better understanding of zeolites may be had by
consulting such literature as Zeolite Molecular Sieves, O. W.
Breck, John Wiley and Sons, 1974.
(4) Note. Some earthly silicon compounds that are not clay
or zeolite include Asbestos, Diaspore, Diatomaceous,
Diatomite, Feldspar, Guhr, Kieselguhr, Mica earth, Quartz,
and Sand.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 179 and 184 for a zeolite
composition used in ion- exchange.
Subclass:
61
Gallium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
which includes element 31.
(1) Note. The gallium may be elemental or in a compound and
either in addition to the clay or zeolite or may replace some
or all of the aluminum in clay or zeolite.
Subclass:
62
Including organic component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
which includes a carbon compound as set out in the glossary
term "organic".
Subclass:
63
And additional Al or Si containing component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
including along with either a clay or a zeolite, element 13
or 14 or a compound of such element.
(1) Note. The additional Al or Si component may include a
clay or zeolite of a different source but does not include a
naturally occurring clay of mixed Aluminum silicates.
Subclass:
64
Zeolite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Composition in
which a component comprises zeolite.
Subclass:
65
And rare earth metal (Sc, Y or Lanthanide) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition
which includes scandium, yttrium, or a lanthanide.
Subclass:
66
And Group VIII (Iron Group or Platinum Group) metal
containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition
containing an iron group or platinum group metal.
Subclass:
67
Mixed zeolites:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition
which the additional Al or Si is in the form of a second
zeolite.
Subclass:
68
Mixed with clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition, in
which the additional Al or Si is in the form of clay.
(1) Note. The zeolite may be synthesized from a clay which
is positively recited as remaining in excess.
Subclass:
69
Heterogeneous arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition in
which components are claimed as occupying spatially distinct
areas.
(1) Note. Such terms as layered, coated particles, discrete
areas etc., are considered to describe a heterogeneous
arrangement.
Subclass:
70
Gelling in presence of zeolite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Process in which
a lyophilic sol containing zeolite is partially coagulated or
a product of such process.
Subclass:
71
ZSM type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Composition in
which the zeolite is synthetic, analogous to a product
originally produced by using an organic template.
Subclass:
72
Mixed clays:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Composition
containing different earthy materials as encompassed by the
glossary term "clay"
(1) Note. This subclass requires a deliberate admixture of
clays and does not encompass a naturally occurring mixture of
clays.
Subclass:
73
And Group III or rare earth metal (Al, Ga, In, Ti, Sc, Y) or
Lanthanide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
including aluminum, gallium, scandium, yttrium, indium,
thallium or a lanthanide.
Subclass:
74
And Group VIII (Iron Group or Platinum Group) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
including an iron group or a platinum group metal.
Subclass:
75
Including chemical reduction of exchanged cation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which
a positive ion which has replaced an original ion gains
electrons or product of such process.
(1) Note. The bulk of art in this subclass is concerned with
exchanging alkali metal ions in zeolite and reducing the new
ion to the free metal.
Subclass:
76
Coprecipitation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which
different solutes are simultaneously thrown out of solution.
Subclass:
77
ZSM type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
containing a synthetic zeolite of the type originally
produced using an organic template or a zeolite analogous
thereto.
Subclass:
78
Mordenite type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition in
which a zeolite comprises 4 or 5 membered rings of
SiO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] and AlO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]
tetahedra, so arranged that the crystal lattice comprises
pores and channels running parallel along the crystal axis to
give a tubular configuration without intersections allowing
access to the cavities in only one direction.
(1) Note. Mordenite generally has a silica to alumina ratio
of about 8 to about 12.
Subclass:
79
Faujasite type (e.g., X or Y, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition in
which a zeolite is characterized by having a silica to
alumina ratio of about 2.5 to about 7 and a very open
framework, comprising truncated octahedra (B cages)
characteristic of sodalite linked by hexagonal prisms forming
super cages, and a pore size of approximately 60 to 15 deg.
A.
(1) Note. The type of zeolite is generally determined by
X-ray diffraction and the patterns may be found in the
literature cited in the notes to subclass 60. Faujasite type
includes X, Y, Z 14 and H S.
Subclass:
80
Clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition
containing the earthy hydrous aluminum silicate as set out in
the Glossary term "clay".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
119, Animal Husbandry, particularly subclass 173 for
material used for absorbing moisture from an animal waste
product, i.e., excrement or urine, and having a clay
component.
Subclass:
81
Acid treating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Process in which
the clay is contacted with an acid or the product of such
process.
Subclass:
82
Plural acid treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Process in which
the clay is treated with a second acid or product of such
process.
(1) Note. The treatment may involve the use of the same acid
more than once or different acids either simultaneously or
sequentially.
Subclass:
83
Sulfuric or hydrochloric acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Process in which
the treatment is effected by either hydrochloric or sulfuric
acid.
Subclass:
84
And metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Composition in
which the clay is associated with an element listed as one of
the metals of Group I to VIII, lanthanides or actinides in
the table at the top of the class schedule, free or as the
oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
85
Activating treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Process in which
a zeolite is subjected to an agent which prepares it for a
sorbent or catalytic function.
(1) Note. The agent may be a chemical substance or a
physical treatment.
Subclass:
86
Utilizing ammonium ions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Process in which
a compound containing the dissociable moiety comprising
nitrogen and four hydrogen atoms contacts the Zeolite.
Subclass:
87
Support per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Composition in
which a zeolite has no catalytic or sorbent property and is
intended only to support other material which has such
property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
439 for other materials within the purview of Class 502
which serve as carriers or supports, per se.
Subclass:
100
CATALYST OR PRECURSOR THEREFOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition which is a catalyst* or which is claimed or
disclosed to be useful solely as an essential component of a
catalyst composition or method of making such a composition.
(* See glossary for definition.)
(1) Note. A precursor is classified with the complete
disclosed catalyst composition. If a composition is disclosed
or claimed as both a catalyst, per se, and as a precursor for
another catalyst, it is classified in the first appearing
subclass providing for any complete catalyst composition. In
this regard, a composition comprising a Group VIII metal
compound claimed or disclosed for use solely as a Ziegler
catalyst is classifiable in subclass 103, rather than in
subclass 100.
(2) Note. Included hereunder as catalysts are compositions
employed to modify the course of a reaction so as to yield a
different product than that which would be otherwise
obtained, even though the modifying composition will not, per
se, cause the reaction to take place. (c.f. pat. no.
4,125,481 to a molecular weight regulating mixture of
mercaptan and emulsifier).
(3) Note. This and indented subclasses include inventions
directed to negative catalysts, and also known as inhibitors,
except preservatives (e.g., octane improvers of antioxidants
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
520 for a collection of art directed to controlling
production of various possible products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Composition: Coating or Plastic, subclass 1.11 for a
sensitizing composition for activating a substrate to be
subsequently electrolessly metal plated and which may have a
catalytic function.
252, Compositions, for a composition intended to preserve a
material, e.g., an anti-oxidant or for an octane improver
composition which controls the rate of combustion in an
internal combustion engine.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for inorganic compounds, per se, which may be useful as
catalysts.
Subclass:
101
Making catalytic electrode, process only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Method or
process for manufacturing an electrode having catalytic
properties, generally for use in an electrolytic or fuel
cell.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for the catalytic
composition, per se, and a copy of a patent containing a
claim to a catalytic electrode composition must be placed in
the appropriate subclass, e.g., 300.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy subclass 280 for
an electrode of that class which may be catalytic.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process subclasses 40+ for an electrode of that
class.
Subclass:
102
Plural component system comprising A - Group I to IV metal
hydride or organometallic compound - and B - Group IV to VIII
metal, lanthanide or actinide compound - (i.e., alkali metal,
Ag, Au, Cu, alkaline earth metal, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y,
Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb hydride or
organometallic compound and Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb, V, Nb,
Ta, As, Sb, Bi, Cr, Mo, W, Po, Mn, Tc, Re, Iron group,
Platinum group, atomic number 57 to 71 inclusive or atomic
number 89 or higher compound):
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
which contains (1) a metal hydride or a compound in which a
carbon atom of an organic compound is bonded directly to a
metal atom combined with (2) a compound of a Group IV to
Group VIII metal or a metal of atomic number 57 to 71
inclusive or 89 to 103 inclusive or process of making same.
(1) Note. Compounds in which a metal is completed with the
electrons of an organic carbon to carbon multiple bond are
considered to have carbon bonded directly to metal e.g.,
Bi-allyl or cyclopentadienyl complexes etc.
(2) Note. The metal hydride or organometallic compound
includes a metal of Groups I to IV and the other metal
compound includes a metal of groups IV to VIII, an actinide
or lanthanide as set out in the list preceding the schedule.
Subclass:
103
Component A metal is Group IA, IIA or IIIA and component B
metal is Group IVB to VIIB or VIII (i.e., alkali metal,
alkaline earth Metal, Be, Mg, Al, Ga, In or Tl and Ti, Zr,
Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, the iron Group or
Platinum group) (e.g., Ziegler Catalyst, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Composition
wherein the metal hydride or the organometallic compound
contains Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Al,
Ga, In, or Tl bonded directly to hydrogen or carbon atom of
an organic compound combined with a compound of Ti, Zr, Hf,
V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os,
Ir, Pt, and a process of making same.
(1) Note. These catalyst are often referred to in the art as
"Ziegler" catalysts and are commonly employed to ploymerize
olefins to form resins.
Subclass:
104
Preparing catalyst or precursor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Methods,
claimed for preparing a catalyst or precursor,.
(1) Note. To be originally classified hereunder, a patent
must contain a claim to a process of preparing a catalyst or
precursor.
(2) Note. The method for preparing the precursor is
classifiable with the intended complete catalyst, see
definition of 100 (1) Note.
Subclass:
105
Including comminuting (e.g., milling, grinding, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process which
includes a step of mechanically breaking up a solid
ingredient of the catalyst.
(1) Note. This process generally employs such apparatus as
rod or ball mills, etc.
Subclass:
106
Fluidized bed feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process wherein
either (a) a fluidized bed is employed in the manufacture of
a catalyst or (b) a catalyst is made which is disclosed or
claimed as useful when employed in a fluidized bed process.
Subclass:
107
Including heating to higher temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process wherein
after an initial mixing or reacting of ingredients, the
temperature of the system is increased by the application of
outside heat, with or without the addition of additional
materials.
Subclass:
108
Utilizing hydrocarbon containing unsaturation not part of
benzene ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process wherein
during the manufacture of the catalyst a compound containing
only carbon and hydrogen and which contains unsaturation
which is not part of a benzene ring is added.
Subclass:
109
Utilizing high molecular weight synthetic polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process wherein
a high molecular weight synthetic polymer made up of numerous
smaller molecules is added to the catalyst system.
Subclass:
110
Including plural additions of component A:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process wherein
two or more separate additions of a Group Ia to Group IIIa
metal hydride or organometallic compound are made at separate
times.
(1) Note. The Group Ia to Group IIIa compounds added at the
separate additions may be the same or different substances.
Subclass:
111
Utilizing water or compound containing hydroxyl bonded to
carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Process
including a step of adding a compound which contains a
hydroxyl group bonded to carbon e.g., alcohol, phenol,
carboxylic acid, etc. or water to the catalytic composition.
Subclass:
112
Containing iodine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
containing an atom of iodine.
Subclass:
113
Containing two or more different component b metals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
which contains two or more different Group IVb to Group VIIb
or Group VIII metals which may be in different compounds or
part of a single complex compound.
Subclass:
114
Containing hydrides or organometallic of two or more
different component A metals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
which contains two or more different Group Ia to Group IIIa
metals bonded directly to hydrogen or organic carbon. These
metals may be in different compounds or in the same complex
compound e.g., LiAlH[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for a process of adding different Component A metals in
separate steps to make a catalyst.
Subclass:
115
Magnesium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Composition in
which one of the Group Ia to Group IIIa metals bonded to
hydrogen or organic carbon is magnesium.
Subclass:
116
And compound containing silicon-hydrogen or silicon-carbon
bond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Composition
which additionally contains a compound in which silicon is
bonded directly to hydrogen or carbon.
Subclass:
117
Component B metal is other than titanium or vanadium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Composition
which does not contain either element 22 or element 23 in the
component B.
Subclass:
118
And a third component C (i.e., an additive other then a
saturated hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon free of
aliphatic or cycloaliphatic unsaturation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Catalyst
composition which contains an added substance not provided
for specifically by subclass 103 other than a saturated
compound of carbon and hydrogen only, or other than a benzene
ring containing compound containing no other unsaturation and
containing only carbon and hydrogen.
(1) Note. Exemplary additives include olefins, cycloalkenes,
alkeneylaromatics, dihdro naphthlene, substituted
hydrocarbons and inorganic compounds etc. The composition may
include an alkyl, cycloalkyl or aromatic compound in addition
to the unsaturated compound but these latter do not alone
qualify as additives for this subclass.
Subclass:
119
Nonmetallic inorganic halogen containing:
Composition under 118 in which the additive is halogen,
elemental or combined with a nonmetal other than carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for an iodine containing Ziegler catalyst.
Subclass:
120
Elemental oxygen or nonmetallic inorganic oxygen-containing
material, other than water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which the additive is oxygen, elemental or combined with a
nonmetal other than organic carbon and excluding water.
(1) Note. Organic has the same meaning as defined in Class
260 and does not include carbonate, carbon monoxide or carbon
dioxide which are provided for in this subclass.
Subclass:
121
Nonmetallic organic phosphorous containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which phosphorous combined with a metal-free moiety including
carbon-bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen or
nitrogen by a single or double bond.
Subclass:
122
Nonmetallic organic sulfur containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which sulfur is combined with a metal-free moiety including
carbon bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen or
nitrogen by a single or double bond.
Subclass:
123
Nonmetallic organic nitrogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which nitrogen is combined with a metal-free moiety including
carbon bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen or
nitrogen by single or double bond.
Subclass:
124
Including element in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and
nitrogen (e.g., nitro, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Composition in
which the nitrogen compound additionally includes an element
other than hydrogen.
Subclass:
125
Nonmetallic organic oxygen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which oxygen is combined with a metal-free moiety including
carbon bonded to a second carbon, hydrogen, halogen or
nitrogen by a single or double bond.
Subclass:
126
Ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Composition in
which the oxygen is bonded to two noncarbonylic carbons.
Subclass:
127
Ester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Composition in
which the oxygen is bonded to two carbon atoms, one of which
is carbonylic.
Subclass:
128
Nonmetallic organic halide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition in
which a nonmetallic Group VII element is bonded to a metal
free moiety including carbon.
Subclass:
129
Metal compound other than that which could be produced in
situ by reaction of a Group IA, IIA, or Group IIIA metal
compound present with a titanium or vanadium compound
present:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Composition
wherein the additive is a metal compound excluding any
compound which could be made by reaction of a Group Ia to
IIIa metal compound present as required by subclass 103 with
a titanium or vanadium compound present.
(1) Note. It must be noted that in many instances when the
basic catalyst ingredients required by subclass 103 are
combined, some reaction takes place, generally, with
reduction of the Group IVb to Group VIIb or Group VIII metal
compound to a lower valence state with elimination of hydride
or organo groups from the Group Ia to IIIa metal compound and
their replacement with the anionic group removed from the
Group IVb or Group VIIb or Group VIII metal compound. Thus,
for example, TiCl[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] +
AlClE+[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] TiCl[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]
+ AlCl[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] In this circumstance, the
external addition of AlCl[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] would not
be provided for hereunder, but the addition of
AlBr[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] or NaCl would be classified
hereunder, since these substances could not possibly be made
by the above reaction.
Subclass:
130
Lead compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition in
which the metal has atomic number 82.
Subclass:
131
Tin compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition in
which the metal has atomic number 50.
Subclass:
132
Aluminum compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition in
which the metal has atomic number 13.
Subclass:
133
Magnesium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Composition in
which the metal has atomic number 12.
Subclass:
134
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Composition in
which the Mg compound includes a nonmetal of Group VII.
Subclass:
150
Organic compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
which contains a compound containing two atoms of carbon
bonded together, an atom of carbon bonded to at least one
atom of hydrogen or halogen, or an atom of carbon bonded to
an atom of nitrogen by a single or double bond.
(1) Note. See "organic" in the glossary for a complete
definition.
(2) Note. To be classified in this or an indented subclass,
a composition must contain an organic compound as defined
above or a method which produces a composition in which an
organic compound is present. A method of making a catalyst in
which an organic compound is employed, which organic compound
is removed or destroyed later in the process leaving a
composition with no organic constituent, or the composition
with no organic constituent, or the composition so produced,
is placed below in the appropriate subclass based on the
material remaining. A cross-reference art collection appears
at the end of the schedule for a process of this type.
(3) Note. The term "calcining" in a process or "calcined" in
a product shall be interpreted as meaning that any organic
substances that were present are either removed or destroyed
in the absence of any specific indication to the contrary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 506+ for a process of making an inorganic
catalyst by a method which employs a fugitive organic
substance, removed or destroyed later in the process.
Subclass:
151
Method of making including comminuting of solid material
(e.g., grinding, crushing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Process wherein
solid starting material or product is reduced in size by
physical means.
(1) Note. When a reaction or mixing process involving a
solid starting material or producing a solid product is
carried out in a device wherein the starting material or
product is impacted by solid media, e.g., ball or rod mill
etc., it will be conclusively presumed that comminution takes
place and the patent placed in this subclass.
Subclass:
152
Organic compound including carbon-metal bond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition
containing an organic compound having a metal atom bonded to
a carbon atom of the compound.
(1) Note. Complexes of metal atoms with the pi-electrons of
a carbon to carbon double bond, e.g., pi-allyl or
cyclopetadienyl complexes etc., are included within the scope
of this subclass.
Subclass:
153
Diverse metals bonded to carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition
which contains either a single organic compound containing
two or more different metals bonded to carbon, or two or more
organic compounds having different metals bonded to carbon.
Subclass:
154
Including metal compound containing different metal than that
bonded to carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Composition
including a second metal chemically bound to an element other
than carbon (e.g., as in a salt, alcoholate, oxide, etc.).
Subclass:
155
Including phosphorus or sulfur or compound containing
nitrogen or phosphorus or sulfur:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition
including element 15 or 16, free or chemically bound or a
compound containing element number 7.
Subclass:
156
Including alcohol, phenol, or ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition
including a constituent which has oxygen bonded to a non
carbonylic carbon, the other valence being occupied by
hydrogen or a similar carbon or which has been produced by
use of such oxygen containing compound.
Subclass:
157
Alkali metal bonded to carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Composition in
which the metal is alkali.
Subclass:
158
Compound with silicon-hydrogen bond or organic compound with
silicon-carbon bond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition
containing element number 14 chemically attached to element
number one or to an atom of element number 6 in a compound
which meets the Glossary term organic.
Subclass:
159
Resin, natural or synthetic, polysaccharide or polypeptide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition
containing macromolecules of recurring units of
carbohydrates, -amino acids, condensed interactive molecules
or unsaturated addition polymers or solid or semi-solid
viscous secretions of plants.
Subclass:
160
Peroxygen compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which a compound includes a linked pair of oxygen atoms.
Subclass:
161
With metal carbonyl or carbon monoxide complex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition
including the partially oxidized carbon-monoxide or a metal
compound including the C=O moiety.
Subclass:
162
Organic phosphorus or nitrogen, except the ammonium ion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which an organic compound contains elements number 7 or 15
with the proviso that no more than three of the valences of
element 7 are occupied by hydrogen.
(1) Note. Quaternary ammonium compounds are provided herein,
see subclass 164, but the ammonium ion (NH[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt])+ is excluded.
Subclass:
163
Phthalocyanine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition
including the porphine formed by isoindole.
Subclass:
164
Quaternary ammonium or phosphonium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition in
which the nitrogen or phosphorus has four valence satisfied
by organic moieties.
Subclass:
165
Copper containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition
which includes element number 29.
Subclass:
166
Rhodium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition
which includes element number 45.
Subclass:
167
Organic nitrogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Composition in
which an organic compound, as set out in the Glossary,
includes element number 7.
Subclass:
168
Organic sulfur compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Compound in
which an organic compound, as set out in the Glossary
includes element number 16.
Subclass:
169
With metal halide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition
including a compound comprising a metal and halogen, each as
set out in the table at the beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
170
With metal carboxylate or metal compound and carboxylic acid
or anhydride:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which a compound contains the RCOOX group where R is a
radical or an organic compound, X is a metal, hydrogen or
acyl group of an acid and in which there is a metal compound
when X is not a metal.
Subclass:
171
Organic compound contains metal (e.g., Na-O-Ethyl, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which an organic compound contains metal as set out in the
list at the top of the schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 152+ for a composition including a carbon-metal
bond.
161 for a metal carbonyl containing composition.
170 for a composition containing a metal carboxylate.
Subclass:
172
Alcohol, phenol, ether, aldehyde or ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which an organic compound has oxygen singly bonded to a
carbon and hydrogen or a second carbon or doubly bonded to a
carbon.
Subclass:
173
Elemental metal in organic dispersing medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Composition in
which a metal, as set out at the top of the schedule, in the
free state is distributed throughout the organic material.
Subclass:
174
Inorganic carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
which contains element 6, in the free state or combined with
elements such that the compound does not meet the definition
of organic in the Glossary.
Subclass:
175
Cyanide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Composition in
which the carbon is bound to nitrogen by a triple bond.
Subclass:
176
Hydroxycarbonate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Composition in
which a compound includes both a hydroxyl and a carbonate ion
e.g., CO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]-M-OH.
(1) Note. These compounds are sometimes referred to as basic
carbonates.
Subclass:
177
Carbide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Composition
including binary compound of carbon and a metal or
metalloid.
Subclass:
178
Silicon carbide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Composition in
which the carbide is of element number 14.
Subclass:
179
Group Va (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Composition
including one of elements number 7, 15, 33, 51, or 83.
Subclass:
180
Elemental carbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Composition in
which the carbon is in the free state.
(1) Note. Bone black, generally considered to be a form of
carbon, includes approximately 80% calcium phosphate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 416+ for a free carbon containing sorbent
composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for a process of
producing carbon by destructive distillation.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 445 for
elemental carbon, per se, and processes of producing carbon.
Subclass:
181
And halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Composition
which includes a halogen as set out in the list at the
beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
182
And metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Composition
which includes a metal as set out in the list at the
beginning of the schedule, free or combined with oxygen or
with hydrogen and oxygen.
Subclass:
183
Of Group II (i.e., alkaline Earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Composition in
which the metal is an alkaline earth, Beryllium, Magnesium,
Zinc, Cadmium or Mercury.
Subclass:
184
Of Group I (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Composition in
which the metal is an alkali, copper, gold or silver.
Subclass:
185
Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Composition in
which the metal is from the iron or platinum group.
Subclass:
200
Nitrogen compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
containing chemically combined element number 7.
Subclass:
201
Nitrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Composition in
which the nitrogen is part of a radical comprising three
oxygen atoms.
Subclass:
202
Boron or compound containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
which contains element number 5.
Subclass:
203
Boron halide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Composition in
which the boron is chemically united to a halogen as set out
in the list at the beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
204
And Group VI metal containing (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Composition in
which there is a Group VI metal free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
205
And bismuth containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Composition
which also includes element number 83.
(1) Note. The Bismuth may be combined with either or both
the boron or group VI metal.
Subclass:
206
Molybdenum containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Composition in
Which the group VI metal is element number 42.
Subclass:
207
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Composition in
which there is an iron or platinum group metal.
Subclass:
208
Phosphorous or compound containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
including element number 15.
Subclass:
209
And vanadium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition
additionally including element number 23, free or chemically
combined.
Subclass:
210
And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition
additionally including a group VI metal as set out in the
list at the beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
211
Molybdenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Composition in
which the metal is element number 42.
Subclass:
212
And bismuth containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Composition
which also includes element number 83, free or chemically
combined.
Subclass:
213
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition
additionally including an iron or platinum group metal.
Subclass:
214
And silicon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Composition
which includes element number 14, free or combined.
Subclass:
215
Selenium or tellurium or compound containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
including either element 34 or 52, free or chemically
combined.
Subclass:
216
Sulfur or compound containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
including element 16, either free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
217
Sulfate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Composition in
which the sulfur is combined with four oxygen atoms to form a
divalent ion.
Subclass:
218
And Group I metal containing (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Composition
including a alkali metal, copper, gold or silver, free or
chemically combined.
Subclass:
219
And Group VI metal containing (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Composition
including a group VI metal as listed at the beginning of the
schedule, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
220
Molybdenum containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Composition in
which the metal is element number 42.
Subclass:
221
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., or iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Composition
additionally including an iron group or platinum group metal,
free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
222
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Composition
additionally including an iron group or platinum group metal,
free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
223
Platinum group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt):
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Composition in
which the metal is element number 44, 45, 46, 76, 77, or 78.
Subclass:
224
Halogen or compound containing same:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
including a halogen as listed at the beginning of the
schedule, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
225
Copper halide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition in
which the halogen is combined with element number 29.
Subclass:
226
And Group II metal (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or
Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition
including a metal of group II as listed at the beginning of
the schedule, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
227
Any Group IV metal (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition
including a metal of group IV as listed in the beginning of
the schedule, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
228
And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition
including a metal of Group VI as listed at the beginning of
the schedule, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
229
And Group VIII metal (i.e., iron or platinum group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Composition
containing a metal of the iron group or the platinum group,
free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
230
Platinum group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt):
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Composition in
which the metal is element number 44, 45, 46, 76, 77, or 78.
Subclass:
231
And Group III metal (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Te):
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Composition
including a metal of Group III as listed at the beginning of
the schedule, free or chemically combined.
(1) Note. Metal silicates are classified as a mixture of
silicon dioxide and a metal oxide. Illustration: magnesium
silicate is classified as SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] and
MgO and will be found in subclass 251.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ for a composition including a clay or
zeolite.
Subclass:
232
Silicon containing or processing of making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
containing element number 14 free or chemically combined.
(1) Note. Metal silicates are classified as a mixture of
silicon dioxide and a metal oxide. Illustration: a
composition with magnesium silicate is classified as
SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] and MgO and will be found in
subclass 251.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ for a composition including a clay of
zeolite.
Subclass:
233
Forming silica gel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Process in
which an amorphous form of hydrate silica is produced;
generally by precipitation or coagulation of a silica sol or
decomposition of a silicate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 8+ for a process of making or treating a sphere
which may include formation of a silica gel.
subclasses 400+ especially 407+ for a sorbent composition
in which silica gel is a constituent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 335 for
silica gel, per se, in the dried state.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclass 34 for colloid systems of colloid-sized
silica dispersed in primarily organic continuous liquid phase
(organosilica sols), subclasses 79+ for colloid systems of
colloid-sized silica dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid
phase (aquasilica sols), subclass 111 for colloid systems of
continuous or semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous
liquid phase (silica gel); or agents for such systems or
making or stabilizing such systems or agents; in each
instance, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
234
Coprecipitating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Process which
includes the simultaneous precipitation of another material
with the precipitation of the silica gel.
Subclass:
235
Group III or rare earth metal, metal oxide, or metal
hydroxide containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, Tl or
lanthanide):
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Process which
includes the precipitation of a Group III or Rare Earth
Metal, Metal Oxide or Hydroxide simultaneously with the
precipitation of the silica gel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for a catalyst which is a mixture of silica gel and a
group III metal, oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
236
Group IV metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide (i.e., Ti,
Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Process which
includes the precipitation of a Group IV metal, metal oxide
or hydroxide simultaneously with precipitation of the silica
gel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for a catalyst which is a mixture of silica gel and a
group IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
237
Metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Process wherein
the precipitation is effected in the presence of a metal,
metal oxide or hydroxide or the metal or metal compound is
added subsequently to the precipitation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for a particular metal, metal oxide or hydroxide with
silica, per se.
Subclass:
238
Of Group III metal (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Process
including a Group III or rare earth metal, metal oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
239
Of Group IV metal (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Process
including a Group IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
240
With metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Composition
including a metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses include compositions
comprising synthetically produced silicates and processes of
making such compositions except those processes involving the
formation of silica gel, for which, see subclasses 233+.
Subclass:
241
Of Group VII (i.e., Mn, Tc, or Re):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group VII metal, metal oxide or Hydroxide.
Subclass:
242
Of Group IV (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group IV metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for a mixtures of silica gel and a group IV metal oxide
produced by coprecipitation process.
239 for mixtures of silica gel and a group IV metal, metal
oxide or hydroxide added after formation of the silica gel.
Subclass:
243
Of Group I (i.e., Alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group I metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
244
Of copper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Composition
which contains copper, copper oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
245
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Composition
which also includes a group VIII metal, metal oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
246
Of Group V (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb or Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group V metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
247
Of vanadium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Composition
which contains vanadium, vanadium oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
248
And Group VI metal (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Composition
which also includes a group VI metal, metal oxide or
Hydroxide.
Subclass:
249
Of antimony or bismuth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Composition in
which the metal or compound thereof is antimony or bismuth.
Subclass:
250
Of Group II (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group II metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
251
Magnesium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Composition
which contains magnesium, magnesium oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
252
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Composition
which also includes a group VIII metal, metal oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
253
Of zinc, cadmium, or mercury:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Composition
which contains zinc, cadmium or mercury or the oxide or
hydroxide thereof.
Subclass:
254
Of Group VI (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group VI metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
255
Molybdenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Composition
which contains molybdenum, molybdenum oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
256
Chromium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Composition
which contains chromium, chromium oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
257
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Composition
which also includes a group VIII metal, metal oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
258
Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group VIII metal, metal oxide or hydroxide.
Subclass:
259
Nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Composition in
which the metal or metal compound comprises nickel.
Subclass:
260
Cobalt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Composition in
which the metal or metal compound comprises cobalt.
Subclass:
261
Platinum Group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir or Pt):
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Composition
which contains a platinum group metal, metal oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
262
Platinum or palladium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Composition in
which the free metal or compound comprises element 46 or 78.
Subclass:
263
Of Group III or lanthanide group (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In,
Te, or atomic number 57 to 71 inclusive):
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Composition
including a group III or lanthanide metal, free or combined
with oxygen or hydrogen and oxygen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 mixture of silica gel and group III or rare earth metal
oxide produced by coprecipitation process.
Subclass:
300
Metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Composition
which contains a metal* either as the free element or
combined with oxygen or with hydrogen and oxygen.
(1) Note. A metal metallate is considered to be a mixture of
a metal oxide with a metal or other metal oxide. For example,
a composition comprising nickel chromate is considered to
include nickel oxide and chromium oxide.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses do not provide for a
metal hydride, per se, unless mixed with a metal, or oxide or
hydroxide thereof.
(3) Note. See Glossary under metal for synonyms or archaic
terms for elements provided in this or an indented subclass.
(4) Note. This subclass is residual for a catalyst
composition comprising an actinic or group VII (other than
manganese) metal, oxide or hydroxide not containing a metal
provided for in an indent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 100+ for a catalyst comprising a metal hydride
and 102+ for a metal hydride in combination with a compound
of a metal from Group IV to Group VIII, a lanathanide or an
actinide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for ferrous alloy of structural
or general utility.
106, Composition: Coating or Plastic, subclass 1.11 for a
sensitizing composition for activating a substrate to be
subsequently electrolessly metal plated and which may have a
catalytic function.
420, Alloys or Metallic Composition, for an alloy of general
utility.
Subclass:
301
Raney type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition
prepared by removing a metal from an alloy, leaving the
remaining metal behind as the catalyst.
(1) Note. The remaining catalytic metal is generally in a
highly active porous or finely divided state.
(2) Note. The metal may be removed by any method, e.g.,
dissolving out by chemical means or by volatilization, etc.
(3) Note. If a metal catalyst is named a "Raney" catalyst,
it will be presumed to be proper for this subclass unless it
is positively disclosed to be made by a method not within the
scope of the definition of this subclass.
Subclass:
302
Of lanthanide series (i.e., atomic number 57 to 71
inclusive):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal is selected from those with atomic numbers 57
to 71 (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm,
Yb, Lu).
(1) Note. The metals Lanthanum and Actinium are not included
in Group III for purposes of this class (502) but are
considered with the lanthanides and actinides respectively.
Subclass:
303
Lanthanum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Composition in
which the lanthanide is the first of the series - element
number 57.
Subclass:
304
Cerium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Composition in
which the lanthanide is the second of the series - element
number 58.
Subclass:
305
Of Group VI (i.e., Cr, Mo, W or Po):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal is one of Cr, Mo, W, or Po.
Subclass:
306
And Group II metal containing (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg,
Zn, Cd or Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally includes an alkaline earth metal, Be, Mg,
Zn, Cd, or Hg.
Subclass:
307
Zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 30.
Subclass:
308
And Group IV metal containing (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn or
Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally includes one of Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, or
Pb.
Subclass:
309
Titanium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 22.
Subclass:
310
Tin containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Composition in
which the additional element is element number 50.
Subclass:
311
And Group V metal containing (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb or
Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally includes one of V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb, or Bi.
Subclass:
312
Vanadium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 23.
Subclass:
313
And Group VIII metal containing (i.e., iron or platinum
group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally contains an iron group or a platinum group
metal.
Subclass:
314
Iron group metal and Group III metal containing (i.e., Fe, Co
or Ni and Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in
which the Group VIII metal is Fe, Co, or Ni and additionally
includes one of Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl.
Subclass:
315
Nickel containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in
which the Group VIII metal is element number 28.
Subclass:
316
Iron containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Composition in
which the Group VIII metal is element number 26.
Subclass:
317
And Group I containing (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally includes an alkali metal, Cu, Ag, or Au.
Subclass:
318
Copper containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Composition in
which the Group I metal is element number 29.
Subclass:
319
Of chromium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition in
which the Group VI metal is element number 24.
Subclass:
320
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Composition
which additionally includes Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl.
Subclass:
321
Of molybdenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition in
which the Group VI metal is element number 42.
Subclass:
322
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Composition
which additionally includes Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Tl.
Subclass:
323
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Composition
which additionally includes Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl.
Subclass:
324
Of manganese:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal, oxide or hydroxide is element number 25.
Subclass:
325
Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum group):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal, oxide or hydroxide is of the iron group or
of the platinum group.
Subclass:
326
Of platinum group metal and of iron group (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd,
Os, Ir, or Pt and Fe, Co or Ni):
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in
which there is at least one metal, oxide, or hydroxide from
each of the iron group and the platinum group.
(1) Note. To be classifiable here, a patent must claim for
example iron oxide and platinum; a mixture of iron and nickel
or a mixture of rhodium and palladium are not proper for this
subclass.
Subclass:
327
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Te):
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Composition
which additionally includes Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, or Tl.
Subclass:
328
And Group II metal containing (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg,
Zn, Cd or Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition
which additionally includes an alkaline earth metal Be, Mg,
Zn, Cd, or Hg.
Subclass:
329
Zinc containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 30.
Subclass:
330
And Group I metal containing (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition
additionally including a metal of Group I as listed at the
beginning of the schedule, free or as the oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
331
Copper containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Composition in
which the metal is element number 29.
Subclass:
332
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition
additionally containing a metal of Group III as listed at the
beginning of the schedule, free or as the oxide or
hydroxide.
Subclass:
333
Of palladium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 46.
Subclass:
334
Of platinum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 78.
Subclass:
335
Of nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 28.
Subclass:
336
Of iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 26.
Subclass:
337
Of nickel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 28.
Subclass:
338
Of iron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 26.
Subclass:
339
Of palladium or platinum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 46 or 78.
Subclass:
340
Of Group II (i.e., alkaline earth, Be, Mg, Zn, Cd or Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the additional metal is from Group II as listed at the
beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
341
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Composition in
which there is also a metal from Group III as listed at the
beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
342
Of zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 30.
Subclass:
343
Of zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 30.
Subclass:
344
Of Group I (i.e., alkali, Ag, Au or Cu):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition
containing a metal of Group I as listed in the beginning of
the schedule.
Subclass:
345
Of copper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 29.
Subclass:
346
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Composition
additionally containing a metal or compound thereof from
Group III as listed at the beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
347
Of silver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 47.
Subclass:
348
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Composition
additionally containing a metal from Group III as listed at
the beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
349
Of Group IV (i.e., Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, or Pb):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition
including a metal of Group IV as listed at the beginning of
the schedule.
Subclass:
350
Of titanium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Composition in
which the metal is element number 22.
Subclass:
351
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Composition
additionally including a metal of Group III as listed at the
beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
352
Of tin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Composition in
which the additional metal is element number 50.
Subclass:
353
Of Group V (i.e., V, Nb, Ta, As, Sb or Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal is from Group V as listed at the beginning of
the schedule.
Subclass:
354
And Group III metal containing (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In, or
Tl):
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Composition
additionally including a metal of Group III as listed at the
beginning of the schedule.
Subclass:
355
Of Group III (i.e., Sc, Y, Al, Ga, In or Ti):
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Composition in
which the metal is from Group III as listed at the beginning
of the schedule.
Subclass:
400
SOLID SORBENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Composition in nonfluent phase which serves to attract and
hold on its surface, within its pores, or throughout its mass
a material which is generally fluent.
(1) Note. The material is reversibly held and does not react
with the sorbent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
119, Animal Husbandry, particularly subclasses 171+ for
material used for absorbing moisture from an animal waste
product, i.e., excrement or urine.
Subclass:
401
Organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in
which a constituent is a compound in which an atom of carbon
is bonded to hydrogen, a halogen, a second atom of carbon or
to nitrogen by a single or double bond as set out in the
Glossary term "organic".
Subclass:
402
Synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Composition in
which the organic material is polymeric, derived by the
addition across ethylenic unsaturation or the condensation of
reactive components, or a polymer which could be made by such
addition or condensation reaction.
(1) Note. These compositions include essentially material
which, per se, is classifiable in the Class 520 series of
classes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for a material, per
se, of that class which is cellular form could inherently be
sorbent.
Subclass:
403
Protein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Composition in
which the organic material comprises a chain of acylyated
alpha-amino acids.
Subclass:
404
Carbohydrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Composition in
which the organic material is a poly hydroxy mono-aldehyde or
mono-ketone generally of the empirical formula Cn
(H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O)m or a polymeric anhydride
hydrolyzable to such aldehyde or ketone and wherein n is at
least 5.
Subclass:
405
Inorganic gel containing (e.g., silicagel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in
which an inorganic material, usually a metal or silicon oxide
in relatively minor amount is distributed in suspension in
water, appearing to be solid while the water constitutes as
much as 95 to 99% of the mixture.
(1) Note. A true gel is considered a composition, but a
completely dried gel is no more than a compound and
classifiable in Class 423.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclass
for a completely dried inorganic gel.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of
continuous or semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous
liquid phase (gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
406
Having specifically intended extraneously added iron group
(i.e., Fe, Co, Ni) component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in
which the free metal or a compound of element number 26, 27
or 28 is deliberately included and not incidentally present
as an impurity or part of another ingredient.
Subclass:
407
Silicon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition in
which there is element number 14, free or chemically
combined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ for a clay or zeolite composition.
405 for a silica gel sorbent.
Subclass:
408
Acid treated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition in
which the silicon material is contacted with a proton donor.
Subclass:
409
Quartz:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition
containing crystalline silicon dioxide.
Subclass:
410
Magnesium silicate (e.g., asbestos, vermiculite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition in
which the silicon is chemically combined with magnesium and
oxygen.
(1) Note. The silicate may include an other element e.g.,
Magnesium Aluminum silicate.
Subclass:
411
Having extraneously added alkali metal or alkaline earth
metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition to
which an alkali or alkaline earth metal as listed in the
schedule has been added.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for a magnesium silicate sorbent composition.
Subclass:
412
Diatomaceous earth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition
wherein the silicon containing material is a diatomaceous
earth.
Subclass:
413
Free carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Composition
additionally, containing carbon in elemental form.
Subclass:
414
Aluminum containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition
including element number 13, free or chemically combined.
Subclass:
415
Alumina (i.e., dialuminum trioxide):
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Composition
containing the compound dialuminum trioxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for an alumina gel sorbent composition.
Subclass:
416
Free carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Composition
comprising "activated" carbon or containing the element with
atomic number 6 in substantially elemental form.
(1) Note. While relatively pure carbon is provided for in
Class 423, subclass 445, the term "activated" will be
construed as indicating a composition comprising carbon and
unidentified components, functioning as a sorbent for this
class.
(2) Note. Charred, coked, pyrolyzed, or incompletely
combusted organic material, which may retain some chemically
bound carbon will be considered as being in substantially
elemental form for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclass 32 for colloid systems of colloid-sized
carbon (e.g., diamond, graphite) dispersed in primarily
organic continuous liquid phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid
systems of colloid-sized bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase
dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid phase, cross-reference
901 for colloid systems of substantially pure elemental
carbon (graphite, lamp black, carbon black, fullerenes); or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents; in each instance, when generically claimed or when
there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for
the specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
417
And specified added active sorbent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Composition to
which a material, not found in the original source or carbon,
has been added to enhance sorbability by its presence.
(1) Note. This subclass requires a named additive intended
to contribute to the function by its presence and not by its
action on carbon and does not include an activating agent
such as nitric acid added during an activating process.
(2) Note. Animal or bone black is 80% Ca[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] (PO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt])[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], and a patent claiming a mixture of its with
another source of carbon is proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
418
Process utilizing solid or liquid source carbonizable
material, or product thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Process in
which the sorbent is produced by (a) chemically reacting to a
nongaseous carbon compound to produce elemental carbon or (b)
adding to or removing from elemental carbon, some other
material or chemically or physically treating such carbon to
enhance its sorbability.
(1) Note. A disclosure of material which may be shaped or
pelletized is an indication of solid or viscous material. An
oil is not considered solid or viscous, however a process
including spraying an acid sludge on cake particles is
considered to utilize solid or viscous material.
(2) Note. Such processes as destructive distillation,
charring, pyrolysis etc. to produce a sorbent (e.g.,
activated) carbon are provided for in this or an indented
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, for destructive
distillation in general.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, for apparatus in which a
process of this subclass may be carried out.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating
Processes, subclass 29.1 for carbonizing and Shaping.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 455 for
carbonizing to pure carbon.
Subclass:
419
Producing diverse useful byproduct:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which the production or collection of a different useful
material or energy (e.g., heat) is positively claimed.
(1) Note. The positive recitation of collection of volatiles
and use of these as fuel in an upstream phase is considered
to give a diverse by product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes Thermolytic appropriate
subclasses for a process of coking which may also produce a
byproduct fuel gas.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products appropriate,
subclasses for production of tar or pitch from mineral oil.
Subclass:
420
Temperature vs. time factor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which a relationship between the amount and the duration of
heat is positively recited e.g., rise from x to
x[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] in y hours.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
436 for a process including 2 distinct heating stages.
Subclass:
421
Including recycling product or intermediate thereof to prior
stage of process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Processes
wherein at least a portion of a product is used in an earlier
stage of the process.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include the use of products
or intermediates as fuel in the process. See subclass 422.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 for use of part of source as fuel.
Subclass:
422
Including diverting part of source to providing fuel for
process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which the starting material is physically divided, one part
being burned, thereby providing heat or treating agents used
in converting the remainder of the material to the desired
composition.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a process in which
fines are screened and burned to carbonize the layer of
particles of starting material.
Subclass:
423
Adding nongaseous inorganic, or inorganic yielding component
prior to or during process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process
including by admixing a liquid or solid material, which is,
per se, inorganic or which yields an inorganic constituent
such as by decomposition, with the carbonable material before
or while the latter material is being converted to carbon.
Subclass:
424
Zinc containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
in which the inorganic component includes element number 30.
Subclass:
425
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
in which the inorganic component includes element number 15.
Subclass:
426
Acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
in which the inorganic component is a proton denor.
Subclass:
427
Alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or magnesium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
including element number 12, an alkali or alkaline earth
metal, as set out in the list at the beginning of the
schedule, free or in the combined state.
Subclass:
428
Including pelletizing or briquetting and subsequently
comminuting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which a material of indefinite or mixed size or shape is
molded or agglomerated into shaped pieces by compression or a
similar operation and the pieces then subdivided.
(1) Note. A step or operation such as charring may be
performed between the pelletizing and the comminuting or the
comminuting may immediately follow the pelletizing.
Subclass:
429
Using carbonaceous binder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Process in
which a carbon containing material is utilized in making a
shapeable mass or to hold together particles of the material
in briquettes.
(1) Note. Aqueous solutions of sugar or starch or pitch are
examples of carbonaceous binders.
Subclass:
430
Treating with gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which the material is contacted with a specified fluid above
its fluid boiling point at the conditions of the treatment.
Subclass:
431
Fluidized bed having specified parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process in
which a column of gas rises at a velocity to support
particles of material in a state of turbulence and a rate,
distance, temperature, or other condition is positively
recited.
(1) Note. A specified composition is not considered a
parameter for a fluidized bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 41+ for a fluidized bed process of regenerating
a sorbent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, Digest 16 for a
collection of art on fluidized bed techniques.
Subclass:
432
Specified atmosphere:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Process in
which the composition of the gas is recited.
(1) Note. The claim may recite an upper limit or a range of
percentages.
Subclass:
433
Including free oxygen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Process in
which uncombined element number 8 is recited, either diatomic
or as ozone.
Subclass:
434
And subsequent diverse gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Process in
which after treatment with the oxygen containing gas, the
carbon source material is contacted with a different gas,
which may also contain oxygen.
(1) Note. The treatment with diverse gas may be in the same
or a different zone and may employ the same constituents in a
different mixture - i.e., other percentages or ingredients.
Subclass:
435
Exposure to hot flue or exhaust gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Process in
which the material is bathed in (treated by contact with) the
products of an adjacent and upstream combustion.
Subclass:
436
Diverse temperatures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process in
which material is heated at two clearly distinct temperatures
or ranges of temperatures.
(1) Note. A process in which material is subjected to heat
which may increase or decrease during the treatment does not
suffice for placement here. The process must recite two
heating stages which differ unequivocally e.g., at 900 deg.
and 15000 deg. or 600 deg. to 900 deg. and 1200 to 1500
deg.[supscrpt].[end supscrpt]
Subclass:
437
Specified source (e.g., peach pit, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Composition
characterized by the original material carbonized to form the
free carbon and not limited to a specific process by which it
is produced.
Subclass:
438
Chemically reducing an oxide or product thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Process in
which electrons are supplied to a carbon atom bound to an
oxygen atom, to give elemental carbon.
Subclass:
439
MISCELLANEOUS (E.G., CARRIER OR SUPPORT, PER SE, OR PROCESS
OF MAKING, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Product
serving as a substrate for the catalyst or sorbent and the
process of preparing the same.
(1) Note. A patent claiming (disclosing) a carrier or
support acting as either a catalyst, or sorbent is placed in
the first appearing subclass providing for the function and
crossed in the other subclasses providing for the other
functions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Composition, subclass 1 for a patent having only
generic claims(s) and plural disclosures, e.g., support for
catalyst or sorbent, filler, pigment, etc.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 310+
for an element for that class having a catalyst coated,
laminated, etc. thereto.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
500
STABILIZED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing some feature which functions to
prolong or maintain a desired property of a composition of
this class, such as activity or resistance to deterioration.
Subclass:
501
For multi-regenerability:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Collection of
art in which the desired property is the ability of the
material to be regenerated (after being used or spent) a
plurality of times.
Subclass:
502
Crystallinity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Collection of
art in which the composition retains a particular, desired
crystal phase.
Subclass:
503
Crush strength:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Collection of
art in which the composition is enable to withstand weight
and/or pressure and resists fracturing or being compacted.
Subclass:
504
Abrasion resistance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Collection of
art in which the desired property is an ability of the
material to retain its integrity under conditions usually
contributing to spalling or attrition.
Subclass:
506
METHOD OF MAKING INORGANIC COMPOSITION UTILIZING ORGANIC
COMPOUND (EXCEPT FORMIC, ACETIC, OR OXALIC ACID OR SALT
THEREOF):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a process of making a
composition of this class in which a transitory organic
compound is used.
(1) Note. See Glossary for definition of organic.
(2) Note. The organic compound may serve as a solvent which
is physically separated from the final composition or may be
an intermediate reactant, removed or destroyed chemically, as
by calcination, precipitation, etc.
(3) Note. The use of an acetate, formate or oxalate is so
conventional that disclosure of the use of these materials is
not collected here.
Subclass:
507
Synthetic resin, natural resin, polysaccaride, or
polypeptide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Process in
which the organic compound is macro-molecular film-or
fiber-forming or moldable material, manmade or existing in
nature of a polymer of alpha-amino acids or of repeating
carbohydrate units.
(1) Note. These materials are sometimes used as binders and
removed from the shaped final material.
Subclass:
508
Sulfur containing organic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Process in
which the organic material contains element number 16.
Subclass:
509
Nitrogen containing organic compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Process in
which the organic material includes element number 7.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for a process using a resin, natural, or synthetic,
polysaccharide or polypeptide.
507 for a process using a polypeptide or a resin that may
include nitrogen.
Subclass:
510
Also containing hydroxyl bonded to carbon, e.g., carboxylic
acid, etc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Process in
which the organic nitrogen compound also includes the -OH
group which may form an alcohol, a phenol, hydroxamic acid or
carboxylic acid.
Subclass:
511
Two or more nitrogen atoms bonded to different carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Collections of
art in which a second nitrogen atom is bonded to a different
carbon atom than that to which the first nitrogen is bonded.
Subclass:
512
Carboxyl acid or salt thereof other than formic, acetic, or
oxalic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Collection of
art in which the organic material includes the moiety - COX
in which X is hydrogen, a metal or the nitrogen of ammonia or
an amine radical.
Subclass:
513
Alcohol, phenol, or ether or metallate thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Collection of
art in which a carbon of the organic compound is singly
bonded to an oxygen atom, the other valence of which is
satisfied by hydrogen, carbon or a metal.
Subclass:
514
PROCESS APPLICABLE EITHER TO PREPARING OR TO REGENERATING OR
TO REHABILITATING CATALYST OR SORBENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing operations which are claimed or
shown to be useful in the original production or in the
restoration of a composition having a utility of this class.
(1) Note. A process of treating carbon with steam which is
disclosed as activating it abinitio or as reactivating a
spent carbon sorbent is classifiable here.
Subclass:
515
SPECIFIC CONTAMINANT REMOVAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art directed to regenerating or rehabilitating
a composition of this class and concerned primarily with
freeing the composition of some specific material usually
called a "poison".
Subclass:
516
Metal contaminant removal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Collection of
art in which the poison or contaminant comprises an element
(or compound thereof) which exhibits a positive ionic
property is set out in the Glossary as a metal.
Subclass:
517
Sulfur or sulfur compound removal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Collection of
Art in which the element number 16 or a compound of such
element is removed from the composition.
Subclass:
518
Carbonaceous contaminant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Collection of
art in which the material removed comprises a substantial
amount of element number 6 in relatively free state, or
partially oxidized organic material known as char.
Subclass:
519
REAGENT GRADE (E.G., ULTRA PURE):
Collection of art disclosing compositions of this class
(generally sorbents) which are free of any components which
could contaminate or interfere in subsequent chemical
reactions or analysis.
(1) Note. An example of art to be found here is an ash free
sorbent used in chemical analysis.
Subclass:
520
SUPPRESSED SIDE REACTIONS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a composition exhibiting
selectivity from among several possibly sorbable materials or
competing reactions normally expected under the conditions of
use of the composition.
(1) Note. Exemplary is a catalyst which inhibits the
formation of butyne in a reaction to give butadiene from
butane.
Subclass:
521
METAL CONTAMINANT PASSIVATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art directed to a process of counteracting the
undesired effect of a metal in a catalyst or sorbent, without
removing said metal.
Subclass:
522
RADIANT OR WAVE ENERGY ACTIVATED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a composition of this sorbent
under the influence of energy capable of being transmitted
through space of which is transmitted in regular pulses
(i.e., quanta).
Subclass:
523
MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES OF GENERAL APPLICABILITY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing steps or methods which effect a
useful or desirable property of function irrespective of the
material acted upon.
(1) Note. This subclass includes treatments of catalysts,
sorbent and/or supports in general such as methods of
coating, activating mixing, conditioning or increasing
surface area. An example is patent no. 513,109 disclosing a
method of applying a myriad of catalytic material on various
supports.
Subclass:
524
SPINEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing the particular crystalline
structure of mixed metal oxides of the formula
AB[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt] in
which A is a divalent metal e.g., Mg, Zn, Mn or ferrous iron
and B is a trivalent metal such as Al, Cr, or ferric iron.
Subclass:
525
PEROVSKITE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing the particular crystalline
structure of mixed metal oxides of ABO[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] in which A is a divalent or rare earth metal and B
is a transition metal, generally of cubic structure.
Subclass:
526
SORBENT FOR FLUID STORAGE, OTHER THAN AN ALLOY FOR HYDROGEN
STORAGE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing sorbent material designed to
retain a fluid (often a pressurized gas as acetylene) for
release as a fluid at a desired time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 194, for a humidostatic
composition.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, pertinent, subclass for
an alloy claimed or disclosed as a hydrogen storing medium,
whether by sorption or by chemical reaction, i.e., hydride
formation. See especially subclass 900.
Subclass:
527.11
MONOLITH OF PECULIAR STRUCTURE OR PHYSICAL FORM, WITH
SPECIFIED HEAT EXCHANGE CAPABILITY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing monoliths wherein the material
or composition of peculiar or specific shape is disclosed to
exhibit significant heat exchange capability.
Subclass:
527.12
PLURAL LAYERS ON A SUPPORT, EACH LAYER HAVING A DISTINCT
FUNCTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a support having plural layers
thereon, wherein each layer has a distinct function.
Subclass:
527.13
More than two overlapping layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.12. Collection
of art wherein at least three overlapping layers are present
on the support.
Subclass:
527.14
SPECIFIED SUPPORT PARTICLES OF PECULIAR STRUCTURE OR PHYSICAL
FORM E.G., WHISKERS, FIBER PIECES, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing support particles of a peculiar
structure or physical form.
Subclass:
527.15
Layered deposition on support particle (i.e., on a carrier
particle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.14. Collection
of art directed to carrier (support) particles having a layer
thereon.
Subclass:
527.16
Specified shape of support particle (e.g., hollow-carrier
particle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.14. Collection
of art wherein the support particle is of a specified shape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, especially
subclasses 357+ for a specifically shaped particle.
Subclass:
527.17
Specified cross-section shape or area of elongated support
particles (e.g., tape, with area of cross section stated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.14. Collection
of art wherein an elongated particle is described in terms of
the shape or area of its cross-section.
Subclass:
527.18
MONOLITH WITH SPECIFIED GAS FLOW PATTERNS, (E.G., TURBULENT
FLOW MONOLITH):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a monolith with a specified gas
flow pattern.
Subclass:
527.19
MONOLITH WITH SPECIFIC SHAPE OR DIMENSION OF CELL OPENING
(E.G., HONEYCOMB, RINGS, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a monolith whose cell openings
are of a specific shape or dimension.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for nominal
honeycomb disclosure. Specific disclosure of cell opening
shape or dimension (e.g., octagon shape, noncircular opening,
etc.) is intended for provision herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for specific opening shape in material(s) or
article(s).
Subclass:
527.2
Cell opening shape and dimensions are determined by the
intersection of the woof and the warp of a woven structure,
(e.g., of a fabric or gauze, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.19. Collection
of art wherein the intersection of the woof and the warp of a
woven structure determines the shape and dimensions of the
cell opening.
Subclass:
527.21
Cell openings are quadrilateral or triangular (e.g., pie
shaped):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527.19. Collection
of art wherein the cell openings are triangular or
quadrilateral in shape.
Subclass:
527.22
Cell openings are spiral or corrugated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529.19. Collection
of art wherein the cell openings are spiral or corrugated in
shape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for spiral or corrugated material or articles.
Subclass:
527.23
SPECIFIED EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL SHAPE OR CONFIGURATION OF
CATALYST REACTOR OR OF SORBENT CONVERTER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art wherein a catalyst reactor or a sorbent
converter is characterized by a specific external or internal
shape or configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving or Sterilizing, for apparatus which
may include a catalyst or sorbent of a specific shape.
Subclass:
527.24
PECULIAR STRUCTURE OR PHYSICAL FORM (E.G., FOAM, SPONGES,
FOIL, SACK, BAG, FIBER IN A MATRIX, MONOLITH, MICROSTRUTURE
(MICROCRACKING), MICROAGGREGATES, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Collection of art disclosing a specific shape or
configuration of the material of the composition.
(1) Note. The following physical concepts are not peculiar
for purposes of belonging to this cross-reference art
collection.
(a) Bimodal (multimodal) pore distribution.
(b) Coating of no special description, including nonuniform
coating.
(c) Reactive complexes (particles on a surface, etc.)
(d) High specific surface area and/or high porosity.
(e) Particle diameter.
(f) Pores made by burning out a substance.
(g) Alloy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 8+ for a process of forming or treating a
sphere.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000