U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 501
COMPOSITIONS: CERAMIC
Class Definition:
This is the generic class for:
Glass compositions and compositions for making glass, i.e.,
glass batch compositions, devitrified glass-ceramic
compositions and processes for producing such compositions.
These compositions may be regarded as thermoplastic
compositions.
Refractory compositions comprising primarily earthy,
inorganic materials, and/or elemental carbon.
Fired clay containing compositions in the nature of
porcelain, earthenware, and similar materials. These
compositions may be regarded as thermosetting compositions.
See the Glossary for the definition of the term "ceramic".
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Optional ingredients. Disclosures reciting an optional
ingredient, such as a statement that a composition includes a
range of concentration of the ingredient, including zero
percent as the lower end of the range (i.e., containing or
comprising 0 - X percent by weight of that ingredient) are
classified in a more generic subclass and cross-referenced to
an indented subclass which provides for the presence of that
ingredient. As an example, a refractory composition which
comprises 0 - 10 percent of silicon carbide might be
classified as an original in subclass 87 and cross-referenced
in subclass 88.
Mol percent and weight percent. When in a disclosure
otherwise classifiable in subclasses 54, 55, 73, 121, or 131
recites the concentration of the material specified in the
subclass title is in mol percent rather than weight percent,
it may be necessary to calculate the equivalent weight
percent to classify the disclosure properly.
1. A COMPOUND, PER SE, IS CLASSIFIED IN A COMPOUND CLASS
REGARDLESS OF UTILITY.
See References to Other Classes, below, for compound
classes.
2. COMPOSITION OR MATERIAL.
A. The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the SECTION
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
It is the general rule of classification to classify a
process of preparing a composition along with the
composition. In those circumstances where only a process of
preparing a composition is claimed and there is no claim to a
composition, the claim would be classified identically as if
it were a composition claim.
B. Lines With Article Or Product Classes.
1. As a general rule, a product (article) is classified with
the class specifically providing for the same or a generic
class which can take the same.
2. This class (501) provides for an article or product
defined in terms of its compositions.
3. An article or product defined by B, 2 above, combined with
significant structure for another class will be classified in
the class providing for the structure and crossed to Class
501.
4. Subject matter involving multiple claimed
inventions--i.e., claims for both Class 501 and those classes
in References to Other Classes below that are related to
"Composition or Material," section A or section B--will be
classified in said class and crossed to Class 501.
See References to Other Classes for article or product
classes.
C. PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES
See References to Other Classes, below for process and
apparatus classes.
D. SPECIAL CLASSES
See References to Other Classes, below for special classes.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
13, Electric Furnaces, subclass 35 for furnace linings.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material,"
section B, above)
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 230 for
physical processes pertaining to ceramic material. (Process
class)
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for a process of
making articles having ceramic material. (Process class)
30, Cutlery, subclass 345 for structured cutlery articles
defined in part in terms of the materials of its makeup.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material,"
section B, above)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for process
and apparatus for drying ceramic material. (Process and
apparatus class)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for structures of that class made of ceramic
material. (see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or
Material, " section B, above)
55, Gas Separation, appropriate subclasses for apparatus
having ceramic filtering material, especially subclasses 522+
; particularly subclass 523 for specific media material,
ceramic or sintered. (see Lines With Other Classes,
"Composition or Material," section B, above)
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for glass
working or treating. See the class definition of Class 65
for the line between Classes 65 and 501, especially the
Glossary therein for the definitions of glass working and
glass treating, subclasses 2+ for such process of making
fibers or filaments; subclasses 19+ for processes employing
slag; subclasses 21+ for bead making; subclass 22 for
preforming; subclass 33 for devitrifying or vitrifying
crystalline glass; subclasses 36+ for fusion bonding of glass
to a preformed part, subclasses 60.1+ for a process involving
glass working or treating, as well as coating; and subclasses
134+ for processes of purifying or homogenizing molten glass.
(Process class)
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for
fertilizers containing ceramic material. (see Lines With
Other Classes, "Composition or Material, " section B, above)
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for
process of using ceramic materials in fertilizers. (Process
class)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for
consolidated metal powders which may contain a ceramic
material in which the metal particles form a continuous
phase, but the ceramic particles do not form a continuous
phase. (Special Class)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 201+ for
pyrometallurgy process involving sintering a metal and
nonmetal. (Process class)
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for nonceramic coating or plastic compositions,
especially subclasses 74+ for alkali metal silicate
containing compositions; subclasses 85+ for inorganic
settable compositions; particularly subclasses 100+ for
Portland cement making; subclasses 109+ for making
cementitious materials from gypsum; subclass 312 for
opacifiers intended for inclusion in enamel compositions; and
subclass 313 for fluxes intended to be used in ceramic
compositions. (Process/apparatus class)
110, Furnaces, subclass 323 for refractory type baffle or
heat retainer structure of a furnace and subclasses 338+ for
brick element. (apparatus class)
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including ceramic.
(Process/apparatus class)
126, Stoves and Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for stoves
and furnaces which may contain a ceramic element, especially
subclass 400 for fireless cookers which are heat
accumulators; subclasses 204+ for body warmers; and subclass
273.5 for ovens. (apparatus class)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses
262+ for electrical contacts composed of named material.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material,"
section B, above)
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 18 for
process of using apparatus of the class of particular
composition. (Process/apparatus class)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 280+
for electrolytic electrodes. (see Lines With Other
Classes, "Composition or Material," section B, above)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclass 157.15 for processes of
preparing a specific compound utilizing a wave energy
process. (Compound class)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for process and apparatus using ceramic material
in a liquid separation operation. (Process/apparatus class)
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for methods of
chemically etching ceramic materials. (Process class)
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 73+ for a slag
composition being used as an environment for electric
heating. (Process/apparatus class)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for process or apparatus for
comminuting materials. See section 2 of the Class 241
definition for the class line. (Process/apparatus class)
249, Static Molds, subclass 134 for molds having named
material classifiable, per se, in this class (501). (see
Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material," section
B, above)
252, Compositions, subclass 62 for sound or heat insulators
defined by their composition which is other than ceramic.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material,"
section B, above)
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses for those devices
which contain ceramic material, including subclass 700, 701+,
especially 703 and 705 for ceramic housing or package
materials. (see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or
Material," section B, above)
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclasses 94+ and
100+ for porous contact devices in the form of a mass or
sheet. (see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or
Material," section B, above)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for processes of molding or shaping compositions
of matter which include significant molding or shaping
operation. The line between this class (501) and Class 264
is as follows: Class 501 takes processes of making
compositions within the class definition even though
including the step of molding, when such step is claimed
broadly. Broad references to extruding, spinning into a
setting medium (without naming the medium) or sheeting in a
claim to the preparation of a composition of matter, are
considered broad molding steps. Also the statement that heat
and pressure are used during the molding, whether or not
specific temperatures or specific pressures are recited, is
not considered sufficient of itself to take a patent claiming
a process of preparing a composition out of this class (501).
See especially subclasses 239+ for shaping or molding a
ceramic article; and digest 39 for processes of treating clay
before and after molding. For a detailed discussion of the
line between Class 264 and the composition classes, see the
definitions of Class 264 and the notes to subclasses 603+
therein. (Process/apparatus class)
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 280 for linings for
metallurgical apparatus. (apparatus class)
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses for
electrical resistors having ceramic material. (see Lines
With Other Classes, "Composition or Material, " section B,
above)
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for articles of that class having
ceramic materials, especially glass, which may be classified,
per se, in this class (501). (see Lines With Other Classes,
"Composition or Material, " section B, above)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
320 and 321.1+ for fixed capacitors having ceramic and glass
materials. (see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or
Material," section B, above)
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclasses 409+ for nuclear fuels with
significant structural features which may be made of a named
ceramic composition. However, ceramic compositions, per se,
which may be useful to construct nuclear fuel elements are
classified in this class (501). (see Lines With Other
Classes, "Composition or Material," section B, above)
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 17+
for preparation of pavements; and subclasses 72+ for
processes of preparing road structures which may involve a
Class 501 composition. (see Lines With Other Classes,
"Composition or Material," section B, above)
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 75+
for processes of treating earth or a roadway in situ
including the application of a ceramic material thereto, and
see the note to Class 501 in the main class definition of
Class 404. (Process/apparatus class)
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 263+ for
processes and apparatus for chemical treatment of earth
formations in situ to condition the formation or to prevent
undesired movement thereof. (Process/apparatus class)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 245.1 for
non-coating crystallization apparatus not including means for
chemical reaction not provided for elsewhere and subclasses
129+ for non-coating crystallization apparatus including
means for chemical reaction and not provided for
elsewhere.(Process/apparatus class)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for inorganic compound or nonmetallic element disclosed or
claimed having a utility in a Class 501 composition.
(Compound class)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for shaping
or treating ceramic compositions other than glass. (apparatus
class)
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes
of coating with ceramic compositions. (Process class)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 304.4
for stock material containing one cellular or porous
component which may comprise a ceramic composition; subclass
426 for nonstructural laminated stock material which includes
a glass composition; subclasses 446+ for nonstructural
laminated stock material which includes a composition
including silicon or a compound of silicon; and 539.5, for
stock material containing free metal particles and ceramic
particles wherein there is a metal continuous phase
interengaged with a nonmetal continuous phase as a result,
e.g., of a sintering operation. (see Lines With Other
Classes, "Composition or Material," section B, above)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 38
for glass containing wire mesh reinforcement; subclasses 426+
for plural layer stock material in which at least one layer
contains a glass; and subclass 539.5 for sintered compacts
comprising both metal or alloy particles and ceramic
particles in which there is present a metal continuous phase
interengaged with a ceramic continuous phase. (Special
Class)
429, Chemistry: Electric Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, subclasses 247+ for battery
separators which may comprise a ceramic material.
(Process/apparatus class)
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, appropriate subclasses for chemical
current producing structures which may comprise a ceramic
component and for processes of producing electric current by
chemical means utilizing or producing a ceramic composition.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material, "
section B, above)
432, Heating, subclasses 1+ for a residual process of
heating or calcining an object or material which is clearly
distinct from the composition and for processes and apparatus
for the firing of ceramic materials not involving the shaping
thereof. (Process/apparatus class)
433, Dentistry, appropriate subclasses for ceramic dental
articles. (see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or
Material, " section B, above)
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), appropriate subclasses for glass fiber fabric.
(Special Class)
451, Abrading, subclasses 28+ for an abrading process using
ceramic materials. (Process class)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, subclasses 100+ for high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] 30 K) superconducting materials,
per se, or subclasses 300+ for processes of producing same.
(see Lines With Other Classes, "Composition or Material,"
section B, above)
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, the series for
synthetic resin, per se, even though such resin is disclosed
or claimed as having a Class 501 utility. A resin, per se,
is one containing no intentional additive to perfect it for a
Class 501 purpose. See the remainder of the class (260) for
an organic compound having a Class 501 utility not provided
for elsewhere. This portion of Class 260 is being
reclassified into the 530 to 570 series of classes. See the
search notes thereunder. (Compound class)
526, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for polymers of
unsaturated monomers only, per se, even if disclosed or
claimed as having a Class 501 utility. (Compound class)
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses for the containment and storage of
hazardous or toxic waste which may involve vitrification.
(Process/apparatus class)
GLOSSARY:
The meaning to be given to the various "art" terms appearing
in this class, but which have not been included in the
Glossary below, is the same as that generally accepted or in
common usage. However, certain terms employed in this class,
which are included below, have been assigned definitions
tailored to meet the needs of this class and therefore those
may be more restricted or less limited or even altogether
different from those in common usage.
ALKALINE EARTH METAL
Alkaline Earth Metal is considered to be generic to calcium,
strontium, and barium. In this class (501), magnesium is not
considered to be an alkaline earth metal and compositions
containing magnesium compounds are generally provided for
apart from those of alkaline earth metals.
CERAMIC
Inorganic compositions which are heat treated to harden them
during their manufacture or subsequent use by firing,
calcining, sintering, or fusion of at least a portion of the
inorganic material, including glass compositions, fired clay
compositions which form, e.g., porcelain or brick, and
refractories. Such materials typically, but not necessarily,
include earthy materials, such as metal (and especially mixed
metal) silicates.
CLAY
The naturally occurring earthy materials (or artificial
compositions having generally equivalent chemical and
physical properties) containing a substantial proportion (30
percent or more) of colloidal particles (under .002mm.), and
which becomes plastic when mixed with water and which plastic
material is capable of being hardened when fired and
containing a major proportion of hydrated aluminum silicates
which are derived by the weathering or decomposition of
granite or other feldspathic rock.
(1) Note. Many natural materials are considered to be
clays, e.g., kaolin, fire clays, ball clays, china clays,
bentonite, fuller's earth, bauxite, montmorillonite,
halloysite, and argillaceous earths.
(2) Note. Typical clay containing ceramic compositions or
articles are, e.g., common or face brick, structural blocks,
porcelain bricks, pottery, china, terra cotta, tile, sewer
pipe, and some coating and filling compositions.
EARTHENWARE, PORCELAIN
These terms designate fine grained or fully vitreous, high
fired white or translucent ceramic materials, frequently, but
not always containing clay or similar plastic components.
Among many terms used to designate somewhat similar materials
are stoneware, earthenware, porcelain, pottery, china,
whiteware, tile, crockery, sanitaryware, terra cotta, bisque,
rakuware, and slip cast ware. They are not intended for use
in the high temperature or corrosive environments where
materials referred to as refractories are typically
employed.
FIBER
A slender, elongated structure of relatively small, uniform
diameter having a much greater length, which may have a
relatively short finite length or an indeterminate length.
FRIT
A glass composition in a powdered or granulated state
prepared by fusing the glass and quenching it in a cold
liquid. Frits form an important part of the batches used in
compounding glazes and enamels.
GLASS
Inorganic compositions which solidify from the molten state
without crystallizing, to have that molecular disorder
characteristic of the glass state, which have no definite
melting point, are incapable in the solid state of permanent
deformation, which fracture when subjected to deformation
tension and include as components at least one "glass former"
material.
(1) Note. Typical glass formers are, e.g., oxides of
silicon, beryllium, boron, germanium, phosphorus, vanadium,
lead, tin, zinc, zirconium, and titanium, as well as such
nonoxide compounds as GeS, metal fluorides, or iodides, and
some metallic selenides, tellurides, arsenides, and
phosphides. These compositions may also include other oxides
devoid of glass forming tendencies, e.g., oxides of alkali
metals, alkaline earth metals, and magnesium.
(2) Note. Many ceramic compositions containing primarily
slag, the by product of metal refining and smelting are
considered to be glasses.
(3) Note. Neither transparency to light nor the absence of
color are necessary for a composition to be considered as a
glass for the purpose of this class.
(4) Note. Water glass, Plexiglas, and isinglass are not
considered to be glass for the purpose of classification in
Class 501.
(5) Note. Organic, noncrystalline solid materials, such as
synthetic resins which may be referred to as organic glasses,
e.g., Plexiglas, are not considered to be glass for the
purpose of classification in Class 501.
PORE FORMING (POROUS, MULTICELLULAR)
These terms embrace porous compositions, compositions
intended to be further treated to make them porous or
processes for effecting the porosity or multicellularity. A
positive step for causing porosity must be recited and
porosity which is the result of including a naturally porous
material in the composition is not classified in the
pore-forming subclasses of this class (501).
RARE EARTH ELEMENT
As used in this class (501), this term encompasses those
elements having atomic numbers from 57 through 71 inclusive,
and 89+. Thus, the following elements are herein treated as
rare earth elements: lanthanum, cerium, praesodymium,
neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolmium,
terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium,
lutecium, actinium, thorium, protoactinium, uranium,
neptunium, and plutonium.
REFRACTORY
Compositions which are specifically formulated to be
resistant to abrasion, corrosion and physical or chemical
disintegration when subjected to high temperatures,
chemically corrosive environments and/or rapid temperature
changes.
(1) Note. Refractory materials are typically used to
produce furnace and kiln linings, fire brick, kiln furniture
and saggers, and pyroceramic cones.
(2) Note. Among naturally occurring materials widely used
in making refractory products are, e.g., magnesite, dolomite,
and chrome- magnesite.
VITREOUS, VITRIFY
Vitrification is the progressive fusion of the particles in a
ceramic body. As vitrification progresses, the proportion of
glassy bond increases and the apparent porosity of the
substance decreases. Glass in a massive form (rather than in
a frit or powder) and porcelain are considered to be fully
vitrified.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Compositions other than Portland cement or cementitious
material prepared from gypsum, having an inorganic base,
which are heat treated to effect hardening or fusion followed
by hardening when cooled either during their manufacture or
during subsequent use by firing, calcining, sintering, or
fusion of at least part of the inorganic material, and
processes not elsewhere classified for their production.
(1) Note. Included herein are glass compositions,
refractory materials employed in furnace and crucible walls,
kiln-fired clay products, and similar materials.
(2) Note. Ceramic dielectrics, such as those containing
barium titanate, are classified in this or indented
subclasses unless they are disclosed or claimed as being
piezoelectric, in which case, they are classified in Class
252, Compositions, subclass 62.9, or in Class 310, Electric
Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 8+ if claimed as
having a particular shape which is particular to the
piezoelectric property. If the ceramic dielectric is claimed
or disclosed broadly as having piezoelectric properties, the
ceramic dielectric is not classified here either as an
original or a cross reference, but is classified in
appropriate class provided for the piezoelectric composition,
e.g., Class 252 or Class 310 as noted above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for cast monoliths or ceramic members
characterized by significant structural configuration.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for
consolidated compositions of metals or alloys including those
containing ceramic or refractory or other nonmetallic
components, e.g. cermets.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 739+ for
the making of Portland cement; subclasses 772+ for the
preparation of cementitious materials from gypsum; and
subclass 313 for fluxes which are to be used in the
production of ceramic compositions.
252, Compositions, subclass 301.4 for inorganic luminescent
compositions.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclass for processes, within the
class definition, including a significant molding operation
or a significant treatment of a molded article. In
particular, see subclass 30, 31+, 43+, 125, and 603+ therein.
For a detailed discussion of the line between Class 264 and
the composition classes, see the definitions of Class 264 and
the notes to subclasses 56+ therein.
Subclass:
2
Devitrified glass ceramics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions
containing a crystalline phase embedded in a glassy
(amorphous) phase, which crystalline phase is produced by
cooling a molten glass composition to a temperature which
causes a portion only of the composition to crystallize while
the remainder of the composition (the matrix) solidifies in
the amorphous or glassy state.
(1) Note. The crystalline phase is typically uniformly
dispersed throughout the glassy phase and it must constitute
at least 50 percent by weight of the total composition.
(2) Note. The subclasses indented hereunder are established
on the basis of the nature of the crystalline phase. Patents
placed as originals in the indented subclasses may be
cross-referenced when appropriate in other subclasses of this
class on the basis of the nature of the glassy matrix phase.
(3) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses are cross-referenced on the basis of the
chemical nature of the glass composition disclosed into
subclasses 40, 41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(4) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclass which are directed to optical glass
compositions are cross-referenced to subclasses 900+.
Subclass:
3
Halogen containing crystalline phase (e.g., fluormica,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Compositions in
which the crystalline phase includes a halogen atom.
(1) Note. The crystalline phase may comprise, e.g.,
fluormica, etc.
Subclass:
4
Silica containing crystalline phase (e.g., stuffed quartz,
cristobalite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the crystalline phase comprises silica.
(1) Note. The crystalline phase may comprise, e.g., the
so-called stuffed quartz, cristobalite (a crystalline form of
SiO2), etc.
Subclass:
5
Binary, ternary, quaternary, etc., metal silicate crystalline
phase (e.g., mullite, diopside, sphene, plagioclase,
slagcerams free of alumina, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the crystalline phase comprises silicates of two or
more metals.
(1) Note. The crystalline phase may comprise, e.g.,
diopside (CaMgSiO[subscrpt]6[end subscrpt]), sphene
(CaTiSiO[subscrpt]5[end subscrpt]), plagioclase (atriclinic
feldspar), a slagceram free of Al[subscrpt]2 [end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt], etc.
Subclass:
6
Alkali metal aluminosilicate crystalline phase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Compositions in
which the silicate comprises an alkali metal
aluminosilicate.
Subclass:
7
Lithium aluminosilicate (e.g., spodumene, eucryptite,
petalite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Compositions in
which the alkali metal aluminosilicate comprises a lithium
aluminosilicate.
(1) Note. The aluminosilicate may be, e.g., spodumene
(Li,Na)[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]Al[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]Si[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]12[end
subscrpt]), eucryptite (LiAlSiO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]),
petalite (Li[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O.Al[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt].[subscrpt]8[end
subscrpt]SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]), etc.
Subclass:
8
Divalent metal oxide aluminosilicate crystalline phase (e.g.,
anorthite, slagcerams, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Compositions in
which the silicate comprises a divalent metal oxide
aluminosilicate.
(1) Note. The silicate may be an aluminosilicate of an
alkaline earth metal, magnesium, zinc, or zirconium, e.g.,
anorthite (CaAl[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]Si[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]), a slagceram, etc.
Subclass:
9
Magnesium aluminosilicate (e.g., cordierite, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions in
which the silicate comprises a magnesium aluminosilicate.
(1) Note. The silicate may be, e.g., cordierite
(Mg[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]Al[subscrpt]8[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]6[end subscrpt](SiO[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt])[subscrpt]10[end subscrpt], etc.
Subclass:
10
Nonsilica and nonsilicate crystalline phase (e.g., spinel,
barium titanate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Compositions in
which the crystalline phase does not include silica or a
silicate.
(1) Note. The crystalline phase may comprise, e.g., spinel
(MgAl[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]),
gaehnite (ZnAl[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt]), franklinite (Fe, Zn, Mn) Fe[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]) chromite
(FeCr[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]),
barium titanate (BaTiO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]), etc.
Subclass:
11
Glass compositions, compositions containing glass other than
those wherein glass is a bonding agent, or glass batch
forming compositions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions
which comprise a glass or compositions intended to be heat
treated so as to form a glass.
(1) Note. To be classified herein, the chemical nature of
the glass composition must be unspecified.
(2) Note. A typical disclosure appropriate for this
subclass might be, e.g., a product by process claim, etc.
(3) Note. Compositions containing both glass and nonglass
materials in which the glass serves merely as a binder for
particles of the other material are not included herein, but
are classified on some other basis.
(4) Note. This and indented subclasses include compositions
of enamels and glazes, etc., which are glasses.
(5) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses which disclose optical glass compositions
are cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 134+ for processes of
purifying or homogenizing molten glass.
220, Receptacles, subclass 2.1 for envelopes for electric
lamps, electronic tubes and similar devices which are made of
glass. Where no more is claimed than an envelope of a
specific composition of glass the patent is classified in
this class (501). Where the composition is claimed and also
some structure of the envelope, the patent is classified in
Class 220.
Subclass:
12
Made by gel route:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which have been prepared by a method other than melting
including at least one step in which the glass forming
ingredients are in a gel or sol state, and glass making
processes involving such a step.
(1) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass are cross-referenced on the basis of the chemical
nature of the glass composition disclosed into subclasses 40,
41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass which disclose optical glass compositions are
cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 134+ for processes of
homogenizing or purifying molten glass.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of
continuous or semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous
liquid phase (gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
13
Radiation color change responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which are capable of reversibly changing color or darkening
in response to the presence of electromagnetic radiation and
which if darkened thereby fade when the electromagnetic
radiation is removed.
(1) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass are cross-referenced on the basis of the chemical
nature of the glass composition disclosed into subclasses 40,
41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass which disclose optical glass compositions are
cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 300 for optical filter
compositions and subclass 600 for other radiation sensitive
compositions.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 13 for imaged products containing
an image within a transparent base.
Subclass:
14
Enamels, glazes, or fusion seals (e.g., raw, fritted, or
calcined ingredients):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
disclosed as vitreous enamels, or glazes, or similar
compositions which are intended for use as seals between
glass and/or metal components of various devices.
(1) Note. The compositions in this and indented subclasses
have typically been cross-referenced below on the basis of
their specific ingredient content, e.g., to subclasses 21+
for frit compositions, subclass 40 for nonoxide glasses,
subclasses 41+ for nonsilica and nonsilicate containing oxide
glasses, and subclasses 53+ for Si0[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]
containing glasses.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses which disclose optical glass compositions
are cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 312 for
opacifiers for enamels, per se.
427, Coating Processes, for processes of enameling with
vitreous enamel compositions.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly subclass 170 for a composition
containing a synthetic resin or Natural Rubbers and having
utility as an enamel composition for glass or for a medium or
binder in the preparation of glass enamel or to processes of
preparing said composition.
Subclass:
15
Fusion seals (frit plus material other than glass):
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compositions
disclosed for use as seals between other ceramic glass,
and/or metal components of various devices, and containing a
frit plus some other ingredient which is not a glass.
(1) Note. These compositions are sometimes disclosed as
glass solders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 17+ for glass compositions containing a frit
plus a material other than glass which are not disclosed as
seal glasses.
Subclass:
16
Plural diverse frits:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compositions
comprising two or more distinct frits having different
compositions.
Subclass:
17
Frit plus material other than glass (e.g., color, opacifier,
mill additions, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compositions
which comprise a frit pulse at least one other material which
is not a glass.
(1) Note. The other material may be, e.g., an opacifying
agent, a coloring agent, or any material added during the
milling or other comminuting operation to enhance that
process or to improve the properties of the product of that
process.
Subclass:
18
Titanium zirconium compound as other material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Compositions
which contain a compound of titanium or zirconium as the
other material.
Subclass:
19
Free metal as other material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Subject matter
in which the other material is a free metal.
(1) Note. The free metal may be, e.g., in the form of
copper flakes, aluminum powder, etc.
(2) Note. See the class definition of this class (501) for
the general lines between this class and other composition
classes relative to cermets, powder metallurgy compacts and
similar materials.
Subclass:
20
With vehicle or suspending agent (i.e., slip):
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Compositions
which contain a liquid vehicle or a suspending agent.
(1) Note. Such a composition containing a liquid vehicle is
frequently referred to as a slip.
Subclass:
21
Chemically specified frit compositions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Compositions
which are in a powdered or comminuted form, defined in terms
of their chemical content.
Subclass:
22
Lead containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Compositions
which include lead or a lead compound.
Subclass:
23
And titanium or zirconium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Compositions
which additionally include titanium or zirconium or a
compound of either of them.
Subclass:
24
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Compositions
which contain phosphorus or a compound of phosphorus.
Subclass:
25
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Compositions
which include a halogen atom, either as a free element or in
the form of a halogen compound.
Subclass:
26
Zinc containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Compositions
which include zinc or a zinc compound.
Subclass:
27
Glass batch forming compositions (i.e., glass batch
compositions):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which are intended to be heated sufficiently for its
ingredients to fuse into a glass.
(1) Note. The ingredients of the batch may include a
previously prepared glass, such as scrap glass or cullet.
(2) Note. These compositions are sometimes referred to as
glass furnace charges.
Subclass:
28
Slag containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Compositions
which comprise slag, the nonmetallic by product from various
metallurgical processes.
Subclass:
29
Pellet or agglomerate containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Compositions
which include at least one ingredient in the form of shaped
particles, e.g., pellets, granules, briquettes, nodules,
etc.
Subclass:
30
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Compositions
which include a free halogen or a halogen compound.
Subclass:
31
Uncombined silica containing (e.g., sand):
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Compositions
which contain uncombined silica as an ingredient of the
batch.
(1) Note. The uncombined silica is typically disclosed to
be sand.
Subclass:
32
Glass and material other than glass (e.g., crystal glass,
opal glass, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which contain a glass and at least one ingredient which is
not a glass, wherein the nonglass ingredient is not dissolved
in the glass.
(1) Note. This subclass includes such materials as, e.g.,
two phase glasses, opal glass, crystal glass, etc.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass are cross-referenced on the basis of the chemical
nature of the glass composition disclosed into subclasses 40,
41+, and/or 53+ as appropriate.
(3) Note. Documents classified as originals in this
subclass which disclose optical glass compositions are
cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
Subclass:
33
Beads:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter
wherein the glass is present in the form of discrete lumps or
small shaped self-supporting pieces larger than what may be
considered as powder or compositions specifically intended to
be made into beads.
(1) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses are cross-referenced on the basis of the
chemical nature of the glass composition disclosed into
subclasses 40, 41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses which disclose optical glass compositions
are cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 21 for processes of making
glass beads and balls, including hollow ones, by a process of
glass working classified in Class 65.
Subclass:
34
Reflective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Beads or glass
compositions for forming beads which are intended for use as
reflective elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for coating or plastic compositions containing
such beads.
Subclass:
35
Fibers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which are in the form of fibers or which are disclosed for
use in manufacturing fibers.
(1) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses are cross-referenced on the basis of the
chemical nature of the glass composition disclosed into
subclasses 40, 41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses which disclose optical glass compositions
are cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for glass fiber batts used for insulation,
filters, and other applications.
Subclass:
36
Mineral fibers (e.g., slag wool, rock wool, mineral wool,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Compositions
which are disclosed as slag wool, rock wool, or mineral wool,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for glass batch forming compositions comprising slag.
Subclass:
37
Optical fibers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Fibers which are
intended to be used as conductors of light in fiber optics
applications.
(1) Note. Such fibers may have the so-called core and clad
construction, and where the core and cladding components are
defined in terms of their composition without recitation of
specific optics use enhancing structural features, they are
classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for fiber
optics reciting significant optical structure.
Subclass:
38
Titanium or zirconium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Fibers
comprising titanium, zirconium, or a compound of one of these
elements.
Subclass:
39
Pore-forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which are porous, or which are to be further treated to
produce multicellular products or processes for producing
porous glass products.
(1) Note. To be classified herein, a process or composition
must involve a specific step to form the pores. Where the
porosity is due merely to the presence of a naturally porous
ingredient it is classified on some other basis.
(2) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses are cross-referenced on the basis of the
chemical nature of the glass composition disclosed into
subclasses 40, 41+, and/or 53+, as appropriate.
(3) Note. Documents classified as originals in this and
indented subclasses which disclose optical glass compositions
are cross-referenced in subclasses 900+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 80+ for pore-forming of ceramics other than
glass compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for pore-forming abrasive tool compositions.
65, Glass Manufacturing, especially subclasses 20-22 and 30
for making porous glass by processes which include glass
working operations classified in that class (65).
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 10+ for foam colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
40
Nonoxide glasses (e.g., fluoride glasses, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
consisting solely of materials other than oxides.
(1) Note. The glass may comprise, e.g., binary or ternary
halides, sulfides, or nitrides of germanium, selenium, or
tellurium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 304+ and 403 for so-called
alloy glasses or glassy alloys which contain only metals in
an amorphous solid state.
Subclass:
41
Nonsilicate oxide glasses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
which contain oxides of elements other than silicon and which
do not contain any silica or silicate.
Subclass:
42
Germanium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Compositions
containing germanium or a germanium compound.
Subclass:
43
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Compositions
containing a halogen or halogen compound.
Subclass:
44
Fluorine and phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Compositions in
which the halogen is fluorine and the composition
additionally contains phosphorus or a phosphorus compound.
Subclass:
45
Phosphorus containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Compositions
containing phosphorus or a compound of phosphorus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for similar compositions containing fluorine in addition
to the phosphorus.
Subclass:
46
And titanium, zirconium, vanadium, tungsten, or molybdenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compositions
additionally containing titanium, zirconium, vanadium,
tungsten, or molybdenum, or a compound of any of these
elements.
Subclass:
47
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compositions
additionally containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
48
And aluminum or beryllium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Compositions
additionally containing aluminum or beryllium or a compound
of either of them.
Subclass:
49
Boron containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Compositions
containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
50
And yttrium or rare earth (i.e., elements with atomic numbers
39, 57-71, or 89+):
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Compositions
additionally containing yttrium or a rare earth in elemental
or compound form.
(1) Note. Included herein are compositions including
yttrium, lanthanide, actinide, or transactinide elements or
compounds of any such elements. Specifically included are
yttrium, lanthanium, cerium, praesodymium, neodymium,
promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium,
dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutecium,
actinium, thorium, protoactinium, uranium, neptunium, and
plutonium.
Subclass:
51
And zirconium, titanium, tantalum, or niobium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Compositions
additionally containing zirconium, titanium, tantalum, or
niobium, or a compound of any of these elements.
Subclass:
52
And aluminum or beryllium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Compositions
additionally containing aluminum or beryllium, or a compound
of either of these elements.
Subclass:
53
Silica containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Compositions
containing silica (SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]).
(1) Note. The silica is typically present in combination
with metallic oxides, i.e., in the silicate, mixed silicate,
or polysilicate form.
(2) Note. This subclass takes claims to silica containing
glass compositions which do not specify the percent by weight
content of the silica in the total composition. Where such
content is specified, classification takes place into
subclasses 54, 55+, or 73+.
(3) Note. In the subclasses indented hereunder, a
disclosure of the weight percent of SiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] in the composition which is in the form of a range
extending on both sides of the 40 percent and/or 90 percent
limit recited in the titles of subclasses 54, 55, and 73, is
classified or cross-referenced in such a way that an official
copy appears in appropriate subclasses on both sides of that
limit. For example, a disclosure of 28-42 percent
SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] content is classified in
subclasses 55+ and cross-referenced in subclasses 73+.
Subclass:
54
More than 90 percent by weight silica:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
wherein the silica comprises over 90 percent by weight of the
total composition.
Subclass:
55
40 percent-90 percent by weight silica:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Compositions
wherein the silica content is at least 40 percent but not
more than 90 percent by weight of the total composition.
Subclass:
56
And halogen or nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing a halogen or nitrogen or a compound
of either.
Subclass:
57
Fluorine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Compositions
containing fluorine or a fluorine compound.
Subclass:
58
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Compositions
additionally containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
59
And aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Compositions
additionally containing aluminum or an aluminum compound.
Subclass:
60
And lead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing lead or a lead compound.
Subclass:
61
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Compositions
additionally containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
62
And aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Compositions
additionally containing aluminum or an aluminum compound.
Subclass:
63
And phosphorus, niobium, or tantalum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing phosphorus, niobium, or tantalum or a
compound of any of these elements.
Subclass:
64
And yttrium or rare earth (i.e., elements with atomic numbers
39 or 57-71):
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing yttrium or a rare earth in elemental
or compound form.
(1) Note. Specifically included herein are compositions
containing yttrium, lanthanium, cerium, praesodymium,
neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium,
terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, or
lutecium in elemental or compound form.
Subclass:
65
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
66
And aluminum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Compositions
additionally containing aluminum or an aluminum compound.
Subclass:
67
And zinc or zirconium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Compositions
additionally containing zinc or zirconium or a compound of
either of these elements.
Subclass:
68
And aluminum or iron compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
additionally containing compounds of aluminum or of iron.
Subclass:
69
And divalent metal oxide (e.g., oxides of zinc, cadmium,
beryllium, alkaline earth metal, magnesium, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Compositions
additionally containing an oxide of a divalent metal.
(1) Note. The divalent metal may be, e.g., zinc, cadmium,
beryllium, an alkaline earth metal, magnesium, etc.
Subclass:
70
Calcium oxide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Compositions in
which the divalent metal oxide is calcium oxide.
(1) Note. This subclass takes, for example, many glass
compositions which are identified as common sheet or
container glass, such as the well known soda-lime glasses.
Subclass:
71
And chromium, nickel, or cobalt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the composition further includes chromium, nickel, or
cobalt or a compound of one of those elements.
(1) Note. The compositions classified herein are typically
colored glasses or glasses which selectively absorb light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for similar compositions containing oxides of metals
other than chromium, nickel, or cobalt.
Subclass:
72
And divalent metal oxide (e.g., oxides of zinc, cadmium,
beryllium, alkaline earth metal, magnesium, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Compositions
containing an oxide of a divalent metal.
(1) Note. The divalent metal (may be, e.g., zinc, cadmium,
beryllium, an alkaline earth metal or magnesium).
Subclass:
73
Less than 40 percent by weight silica:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Compositions
containing silica in an amount equal to less than 40 percent
by weight of the total composition.
Subclass:
74
And lead:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Compositions
which contain lead or a lead compound.
Subclass:
75
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Compositions
additionally containing boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
76
And zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Compositions
additionally containing zinc or a zinc compound.
Subclass:
77
And boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Compositions
which contain boron or a boron compound.
Subclass:
78
And rare earth (i.e., elements with atomic number 39 or
57-71):
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Compositions
additionally containing a rare earth element or a compound of
any rare earth element.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this classification, rare
earth elements are those having atomic numbers 39 or 57-71.
Subclass:
79
And zinc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Compositions
additionally containing zinc or a zinc compound.
Subclass:
80
Pore-forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions
other than glass compositions which are multicellular, or
which are to be further treated to produce multicellular
products, or processes for producing such products.
(1) Note. A positive pore-forming step is required for
classifying a claim herein and porosity due to the presence
of a naturally porous substance is not sufficient for
inclusion herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for pore-forming involving glass compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for porous abrading tool and process for making
such.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for
consolidated metal and ceramic powder materials, including,
e.g., cermets, wherein there is a continuous metal phase and
processes of making same.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 601+ for
pore-forming and porous compositions comprising an alkali
metal silicate; subclasses 672+ for pore-forming involving
settable hydraulic cements; and subclass 122 for pore-forming
involving other coating or plastic compositions.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 10+ for foam colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
520, Synthetic Resins for Natural Rubbers, in particular
Class 521, subclasses 50+ for porous product and
pore-forming processes.
Subclass:
81
By use of organic combustible material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the porosity results from combustion of an organic
combustible material, e.g., hair, tar, pitch, etc.
Subclass:
82
Of resin or vegetable origin material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
in which the organic combustible material is either a natural
or synthetic resin or is a material of vegetable origin.
(1) Note. The combustible material may be, e.g., shellac, a
polystyrene resin, coal, an alginate, etc.
Subclass:
83
Of cellulosic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
in which the combustible material contains cellulose or a
reaction product thereof.
(1) Note. Such material may be, e.g., cork, wood, sawdust,
nutshells, bark, straw, chaff, collodion, etc.
Subclass:
84
By gas blowing, foaming agent, or in situ reactive gas
generation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Processes which
include blowing a gaseous material through a molten ceramic
composition, or which employ a foaming agent, or which employ
materials which interact to yield a gas, which gas lends
porosity to the composition and compositions to be used in
such processes.
Subclass:
85
By volatilizing or heat expansion of water or other
noncombustible material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Processes
wherein porosity results from volatilization or expansion
caused by heating of water or other noncombustible material
contained in the composition, and compositions to be used in
such processes.
Subclass:
86
Synthetic precious stones (e.g., single crystals, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions
which are artificial precious stones, which are usually
formed by the solidification of a melted composition
containing ingredients giving the desired appearance, and
processes for preparing such products except those forming
single-crystals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclasses 295+ for
physical processes of crystallizing inorganic chemical
compounds or non-metal elements and where a single-crystal is
not intended. The products, per se, are generally classified
as chemical compounds. The process of de-twinning is
classified in Class 117. Methods preventing decomposition of
crystals by enclosing the crystals in an environment rich in
the decomposition product (e.g., ammonium salt surrounded by
ammonia gas) are classified with the crystal product.
63, Jewelry, subclass 32 for jewelry in which the invention
lies in the gem.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic
or organic.
252, Compositions, subclass 301.17 for laser compositions.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 446 for
synthetic diamonds and their manufacture.
Subclass:
87
Carbide or oxycarbide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions
which include at least one compound which is a binary
compound of a metal directly bonded to carbon (i.e., a
carbide) or is a ternary compound of a metal, carbon, and
oxygen of the type: 2(ZrO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt])C or
ZrO[subscrpt].[end subscrpt]C (i.e., an oxycarbide or
carboxide).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for a composition specialized for use as an abrasive. Patents
containing claims to the abrasive function as well as claims
to a function or use specifically provided for in Class 501
(e.g. refractory) are placed in this class (501) as originals
and cross-referenced to Class 51, especially subclasses 307+
for abrasive compositions which may include carbides.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 439+ for
carbide compound, per se.
Subclass:
88
Silicon carbide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Compositions
which contain a silicon carbide, e.g., SiC.
Subclass:
89
And aluminum compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may be, for example,
Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] or
clay.
Subclass:
90
And carbonaceous material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
additionally comprising a material containing free carbon.
(1) Note. The free carbon containing material may be, for
example, graphite or tar.
Subclass:
91
And different carbide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Compositions
which contain a carbide of an element other than silicon in
addition to the silicon carbide.
Subclass:
92
And boride, silicide, nitride, or oxynitride:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Compositions
which contain a silicide, boride, nitride, or oxynitride, in
addition to silicon carbide.
(1) Note. A silicide is a binary compound of a metal or
other more positive element with silicon, e.g.,
Mg[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]Si.
(2) Note. A boride is a binary compound of boron with a
more positive element, e.g., Mg[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]B[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], Si[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]B[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt].
(3) Note. A nitride is a binary compound of nitrogen with a
metal, e.g., Mg[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt].
(4) Note. An oxynitride is a ternary compound of nitrogen,
oxygen and a more positive element of the form
Si[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]ON[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt].
Subclass:
93
Plural carbides (i.e., carbides of plural metals)
containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Compositions
which include at least two different carbide compounds.
Subclass:
94
Refractory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
directed to refractory compositions and processes for their
preparation.
(1) Note. See the Glossary in the class definition of this
class for the definition of the term "refractory".
(2) Note. Among the art terms used to describe materials
classified herein are: refractories, heat resistant
materials, or linings, furnace linings, firebrick,
pyroceramic cones, kiln brick, kiln linings, kiln furniture,
and saggers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 87+ for ceramic refractory compositions which
contain a carbide or oxycarbide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 307 for the use of inorganic material which may
contain a ceramic composition being used as an abrasive
material within the class definition.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 596 for
building blocks with significant structural features which
may comprise a refractory composition.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for furnace linings
which contain chemicals having a refining effect on molten
metal.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclasses 71+ and 137 for electric
furnace linings, per se, defined structurally.
451, Abrading, subclass 28 for the use of an abrading
material which may contain a ceramic composition being used
in an abrading process under the class definition.
508, Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant and Separant Compositions for Moving Solid
Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, for
lubricant compositions which may contain a refractory
abrasive ingredient.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, appropriate subclasses for cleaning
compositions comprising an abrasive or scouring component
which may include a refractory material.
Subclass:
95.1
Fiber or fiber containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Compositions
which are in the form of a fiber or filament.
(1) Note. This subclass does not encompass methods of making
fibers, per se. Such processes are generally classified in
the appropriate material class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for synthetic resin
fibers.
Subclass:
95.2
Composites (continuous matrix with dispersed fiber phase):
This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. Compositions
which are characterized by having fibers as a dispersed phase
in a continuous matrix.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95.1 for processes for preparing refractory fiber
compositions, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, for methods of coating and
impregnation of fibers under the class definition.
520, through 528, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for
synthetic resin fibers.
Subclass:
95.3
Whisker containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95.2. Compositions
characterized as having whiskers in a continuous matrix.
(1) Note. Whiskers are short, bristly hairlike fibers
characterized by high tensile strength and single crystal
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95.1 for making refractory whisker compositions, per se.
Subclass:
96.1
Boride, silicide, nitride, oxynitride, carbonitride, or
oxycarbonitride containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Compositions
comprising at least one compound which is a boride, silicide,
nitride, oxynitride, carbonitride, or oxycarbonitride.
(1) Note. A silicide is a binary compound of a metal or
other more positive element with silicon (e.g.,
Mg[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]Si, etc.).
(2) Note. A boride is a binary compound of boron with a more
positive element (e.g., Mg[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]B[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], Si[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]B[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt], etc.).
(3) Note. A nitride is a binary compound of nitrogen with a
metal (e.g., Mg[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], etc.).
(4) Note. An oxynitride is a ternary or quaternary inorganic
compound of nitrogen, oxygen, and a more positive element of
the type G[subscrpt]A[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end subscrpt] or G[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]J[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]D[end subscrpt] wherein G and J are the
more positive elements, and A, B, C, and D are greater than
zero.
(5) Note. A carbonitride is a ternary inorganic compound of
nitrogen, carbon, and a more positive element of the type
G[subscrpt]A[end subscrpt]C[subscrpt]B[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end subscrpt] wherein G is the more
positive element, and A, B, and C are greater than zero.
(6) Note. An oxycarbonitride is a quaternary inorganic
compound of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and a more positive
element of the type G[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]C[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]D[end subscrpt], wherein G is the more
positive element, and A, B, C, and D are greater than zero.
Subclass:
96.2
From organometallic precursor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Subject matter
produced from an organometallic precursor.
(1) Note. The claims need not specify production from an
organometallic precursor. The requirement of this subclass
may be satisfied by reference to the specification.
Subclass:
96.3
Boride or silicide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Compositions
in which a component is a boride, a silicide, or mixture
thereof.
Subclass:
96.4
Boron nitride containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Compositions
in which a component is boron nitride (BN).
Subclass:
96.5
Silicon oxynitride, silicon carbonitride, or silicon
oxycarbonitride containing (i.e.,Si[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt], Si[subscrpt]A[end subscrpt]C[subscrpt]B[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end subscrpt], or Si[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]C[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]D[end subscrpt]):
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Compositions
in which a component is silicon oxynitride (Si[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]), silicon carbonitride (Si[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]C[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]), or silicon oxycarbonitride (Si[subscrpt]A[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]B[end subscrpt]C[subscrpt]C[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]D[end subscrpt]).
(1) Note. A, B, C, D must be greater than zero.
Subclass:
97.1
Silicon nitride containing (Si[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]):
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Compositions
in which a component is silicon nitride (Si[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]N[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]).
Subclass:
97.2
With trivalent metal compound (e.g., yttrium, rare earth, or
aluminum compound, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1. Compositions
additionally containing a trivalent metal compound.
(1) Note. Si[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt] plus an aluminum compound is not the same as
SiAlON.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for the combination of
Si[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]N[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt], per
se, with an additional compound of a trivalent metal. Silicon
aluminum oxynitride, a single compound, does not meet this
criterion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98.1 for silicon aluminum oxynitride.
Subclass:
97.3
With alkaline earth metal compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 97.2. Compositions
additionally containing an alkaline earth metal compound.
Subclass:
97.4
Composites (continuous matrix with dispersed phase):
This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1. Compositions
characterized by having a dispersed phase in a continuous
matrix, wherein silicon nitride may be either the dispersed
phase or the continuous matrix, or may be in either the
dispersed phase or in the continuous matrix.
Subclass:
98.1
Silicon aluminum oxynitride containing (i.e., SiAlON
compounds):
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Compositions
in which silicon aluminum oxynitride (SiAlON) is found.
Subclass:
98.2
With rare earth or alkaline earth metal compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.1. Compositions
in which a rare earth or alkaline earth metal compound is
found.
Subclass:
98.3
Composites (continuous matrix with dispersed phase):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.1. Subject matter
characterized by having a dispersed phase in a continuous
matrix, wherein SiAlON may be either the dispersed phase or
the continuous matrix, or may be in either the dispersed
phase or in the continuous matrix.
Subclass:
98.4
Aluminum nitride containing (AlN):
This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1. Subject matter
in which aluminum nitride (AlN) is found.
Subclass:
98.5
With alkaline earth metal compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.4. Subject matter
additionally containing an alkaline earth metal compound.
Subclass:
98.6
Composites (continuous matrix with dispersed phase):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98.4. Subject matter
characterized by having a dispersed phase in a continuous
matrix, where aluminum nitride may be either the dispersed
phase or the continuous matrix, or may be in either the
dispersed phase or in the continuous matrix.
Subclass:
99
Elemental carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
wherein the refractory composition comprises elemental
carbon.
(1) Note. The carbon source may be in the form of, e.g.,
tar, pitch, coke, or graphite.
Subclass:
100
And aluminum compound (e.g., clay, aluminum oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein the refractory composition additionally includes a
compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may comprise, e.g., clay or
Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt].
Subclass:
101
And alkaline earth metal or magnesium compound (e.g.,
dolomite, magnesium oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein the refractory composition additionally includes a
compound of an alkaline earth metal or of magnesium.
(1) Note. The alkaline earth metal compound may be, e.g.,
dolomite (CaMg(CO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt])[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]) or lime (CaO) and the magnesium compound may be,
e.g., magnesia (MgO).
Subclass:
102
Zirconium compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
wherein the composition includes a compound of zirconium.
Subclass:
103
Zirconium oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
comprising an oxide of zirconium.
(1) Note. The zirconium oxide is frequently disclosed to be
ZrO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt].
Subclass:
104
And alkaline earth metal or magnesium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
further including a compound of an alkaline earth metal or
magnesium.
Subclass:
105
And aluminum compound (e.g., clay, aluminum oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
further including a compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may be, e.g., clay or
Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt].
Subclass:
106
Zirconium silicate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
comprising a silicate of zirconium.
(1) Note. The zirconium silicate may be disclosed to be,
e.g., zircon (ZrSiO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]).
Subclass:
107
And aluminum compound (e.g., clay, aluminum oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
further including a compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may be, e.g., clay, or
alumina (Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]).
Subclass:
108
Magnesium compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
comprising a compound of magnesium.
Subclass:
109
With organic material in starting mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising an organic compound or other organic
substance in the starting mixture.
(1) Note. The organic substance must no longer be present
as such in the final product to be classifiable herein.
Subclass:
110
And iron or chromium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of iron or chromium.
Subclass:
111
And phosphorus compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of phosphorus.
Subclass:
112
And iron compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of iron.
Subclass:
113
Dolomite containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the magnesium compound comprises dolomite
(CaMg(CO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt])[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]).
Subclass:
114
And chromium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of chromium.
Subclass:
115
Fused cast or fused material containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
wherein the composition is in solid block form or a portion
of the composition is comprised of previously fused
material.
Subclass:
116
Chemical binder containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
wherein the ceramic particles are bonded to each other at
least in part by a chemical substance other than that of the
ceramic particles themselves.
(1) Note. The chemical binder may be, e.g., sodium
silicate.
Subclass:
117
And chromium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of chromium.
Subclass:
118
And aluminum compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of aluminum.
Subclass:
119
Aluminum compound other than clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein the aluminum compound is other than clay.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may be, for example,
aluminum oxide, or chloride.
Subclass:
120
Spinel or other aluminate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
wherein the aluminum compound is spinel (MgAl[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]) or another aluminate.
Subclass:
121
Less than 90 percent by weight magnesium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein the magnesium compound comprises less than 90 percent
by weight of the total composition.
Subclass:
122
And silicon compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
additionally comprising a compound of silicon.
Subclass:
123
Alkaline earth metal compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
wherein an alkaline earth metal compound is included in the
composition or is employed in the process of preparing the
composition.
Subclass:
124
Hydraulic cement containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
including a hydraulic cement.
(1) Note. The hydraulic cement may be, e.g., of the
Portland cement or calcium aluminate cement type.
Subclass:
125
And aluminum compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
further comprising a compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. The aluminum compound may be, e.g., aluminum
chloride.
Subclass:
126
Trivalent metal compound (e.g., iron oxide, chromium oxide,
trivalent rare earth oxide, etc.) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
containing a compound of a trivalent metal.
(1) Note. The trivalent compound, may be, for example, an
oxide of trivalent iron, trivalent chromium, or a trivalent
rare earth.
Subclass:
127
Aluminum compound (e.g., clay, aluminum oxide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
wherein the trivalent metal is aluminum.
Subclass:
128
And silicon compound other than clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
additionally containing a compound of silicon other than
clay.
Subclass:
129
And silica-clay mixtures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the silicon compound is silica and the aluminum
compound is clay.
Subclass:
130
And clay containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
comprising clay.
Subclass:
131
Less than 40 percent by weight clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the clay is present in a concentration greater than
zero percent and less than 40 percent by weight of the total
composition.
Subclass:
132
Chromium compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
comprising a compound of chromium.
Subclass:
133
Silica containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
wherein the refractory composition comprises silica.
Subclass:
134
Titanate, zirconate, stannate, niobate, or tantalate or oxide
of titanium, zirconium, tin, niobium, or tantalum containing
(e.g., dielectrics, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
comprising a titanate, zirconate, stannate, niobate, or
tantalate compound or an oxide of titanium, zirconium, tin,
niobium, or tantalum.
(1) Note. Many of the compositions in this and indented
subclasses are disclosed as being useful as dielectric
materials.
Subclass:
135
Alkaline earth or magnesium containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Compositions
containing a compound of an alkaline earth or magnesium.
Subclass:
136
Titanate containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Compositions
which include a titanate compound, i.e., a salt of titanic
acid (H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]TiO[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]).
(1) Note. Compositions which contain an oxide of titanium
but no titanate are classified in other subclasses.
Subclass:
137
Barium titanate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Compositions in
which the titanate compound is a barium titanate.
Subclass:
138
And divalent metal oxide other than alkaline earth oxide or
magnesium oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
additionally containing an oxide of a divalent metal other
than an alkaline earth metal or magnesium.
(1) Note. The Alkaline earth includes calcium, strontium and
barium.
Subclass:
139
And trivalent metal oxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
additionally containing an oxide of a trivalent metal.
Subclass:
140
Elemental sulfur containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the ceramic composition includes elemental sulfur,
e.g., as a binder.
(1) Note. Compositions classified herein are typically
prepared by cooling a ceramic composition containing molten
sulfur.
Subclass:
141
Clay containing (e.g., porcelain, earthenware, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compositions or
methods for their preparation which include a clay
ingredient.
(1) Note. Many of the compositions classified herein are
described as constituting porcelain or earthenware.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 127+ for refractory compositions including
clay.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 468 and
486+ for fillers, pigments, and aggregates comprising clay.
Subclass:
142
And phosphorus (e.g., bone china, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the composition further includes phosphorus or a
compound of phosphorus.
(1) Note. Some of the compositions classified herein are
described as constituting bone china.
Subclass:
143
And flint or feldspar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Compositions
additionally containing flint or feldspar.
Subclass:
144
Kaolin (e.g., ball clay, fire clay, etc.) containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Compositions
additionally containing kaolin.
(1) Note. The kaolin may be disclosed as ball clay, fire
clay, china clay, porcelain clay, bolus alba, terra alba,
white bole, or argilla.
Subclass:
145
Clay pretreatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes for
treating clay directed to the enhancement of its properties
when subsequently used as a component of a ceramic
composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 468 and
486+ for treatment of clay to enhance its use as an
ingredient of a coating or plastic composition, e.g., as a
paper filler.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or
Process of Making, subclasses 60+ for treatment of zeolite
or clay, including Gallium analogs, including to prepare,
e.g., activated clay and clay catalysts.
Subclass:
146
Chemical pretreatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
in which a pretreatment of the clay includes treatment
thereof with a treating agent in addition to or other than
water, which agent reacts chemically with the clay.
Subclass:
147
Using alkaline compound treating agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Compositions
wherein the treating agent comprises a compound of an alkali
forming metal or an amine or ammonium compound.
(1) Note. The alkali forming metal may be an alkali metal,
an alkaline earth metal or magnesium.
Subclass:
148
Using organic substance as treating agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein the treating agent is an organic compound or
material.
Subclass:
149
Water pretreatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
wherein the clay is treated with water which does not contain
a chemical treating agent.
(1) Note. Such treatment may take place at other than
ambient temperature and/or pressure.
Subclass:
150
Heat treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter
wherein clay is treated at an elevated temperature below that
necessary to cause vitrification and in the absence of added
water or ingredients which react chemically with the clay.
Subclass:
151
Fluorine containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
which includes fluorine or a fluorine compound.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., polycrystalline
fluoride materials, such as fluoaluminate dielectric
materials and micaceous ceramics not otherwise classifiable.
Subclass:
152
Yttrium, lanthanide, actinide, or transactinide containing
(i.e., atomic numbers 39 or 57-71 or 89+):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
comprising in elemental form or in a compound thereof an
element having an atomic number of 39, 57-71, or 89+.
(1) Note. Included herein are compositions including
yttrium, lanthanide, actinide, or transactinide elements or
compounds of any such elements. Specially included are
yttrium, lanthanlum, cerium, praesodymium, neodymium,
promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium,
dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutecium,
actinium, thorium, protoactinium, uranium, neptunium, and
plutonium.
Subclass:
153
Aluminum compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
comprising aluminum or a compound of aluminum.
Subclass:
154
Silicon compound containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
comprising silicon or a compound of silicon.
Subclass:
155
Composed of waste material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
comprising materials retrieved as residues from other
processes or as scraps.
(1) Note. Slag, red mud and clinker are common terms used
in the art which would be suitable for use with a composition
or process of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 252+ for the solidification, vitrification, or
cementation of hazardous or toxic waste.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
These collections pertain to optical glasses in subclasses
13, 40, 41+, and 53+.
Subclass:
900
Optical glass (e.g., silent on refractive index and/or abbe
number):
Cross-reference copies of original patents in the above
enumerated subclasses which disclose optical glass
compositions wherein neither the refractive index nor the
Abbe number is disclosed.
(1) Note. Disclosures of optical glass compositions
reciting a refractive index or Abbe number are
cross-referenced in the indented subclasses 901 through 906.
Subclass:
901
Having R.I. at least 1.8:
This subclass takes cross-references of patents which are
originals in subclasses enumerated above disclosing an
optical glass composition or method of making same having a
refractive index of at least 1.8.
Subclass:
902
Having abbe number at least 70:
This subclass takes cross-reference of patents which are
originals in subclasses enumerated above disclosing an
optical glass composition or method of making same having an
Abbe number of at least 70.
Subclass:
903
Having refractive index less than 1.8 and abbe number less
than 70:
This subclass takes cross-reference copies of patents which
are originals in the above enumerated subclasses disclosing
an optical glass composition or method of making same having
a refractive index of less than 1.8 and an Abbe number of
less than 70.
Subclass:
904
Infrared transmitting or absorbing:
This subclass takes cross-references of patents which are
originals in subclasses enumerated above disclosing an
optical glass composition or method of making same disclosed
as having the property of or being specifically formulated to
enhance the transmission or absorption of radiation in the
infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(1) Note. The infrared portion of the spectrum is
considered to include 14,000 - 15,000 A5 or
10[supscrpt]12[end supscrpt] - 10[supscrpt]14[end supscrpt]
HZ.
Subclass:
905
Ultraviolet transmitting or absorbing:
This subclass takes cross-references of patents which are
originals in subclasses enumerated above disclosing an
optical glass composition or method of making same disclosed
as having the property of or being specifically formulated to
enhance the transmission or absorption of radiation in the
ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The
ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is considered to include
4,000 - 40,000 A5 or 10[supscrpt]15[end supscrpt] -
10[supscrpt]17[end supscrpt] HZ.
Subclass:
906
Thorium oxide containing:
Optical glasses which comprise thorium oxide
(ThO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]).
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000