U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 494
IMPERFORATE BOWL: CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATORS
Class Definition:
Apparatus and process, not provided for elsewhere, for the
breaking up or subdividing of material, which material
comprises a mixture of fluids or fluent substances, into two
or more components by utilizing a rotatable, receptacle-like
member having a generally solid wall, and commonly termed a
bowl, for subjecting the material to centrifugal force.
(1) Note. When the material is subjected to centrifugal
force, the usual tendency is for the heavier component(s)
(e.g., the "heavies") to move outwardly from the axis of
rotation of the member and the lighter component(s) (e.g.,
the "lights") to move inwardly toward the axis. When plural
heavier components of more than one density are present in
the material, the outward movement ordinarily results in
stratification, with the most dense component forming the
layer nearest the wall, and so forth. When the heavier
component, or one or more of a plurality thereof, is
particulate in nature, the resulting layer, or layers, tends
to be more or less solid.
(2) Note. Most frequently, the member is capable of
receiving and holding the material while at rest, and thus is
truly a receptacle; in some instances (e.g., a member in the
form of a open-ended cylinder), however, it can receive and
hold material only when in its operating (i.e., rotating)
mode.
(3) Note. The use of the phrase "generally solid" to
describe the wall of the member is not intended to infer that
the wall behaves as anything other than an imperforate
surface insofar as the separating function is concerned;
rather, the purpose of the qualifying word is to acknowledge
that there sometimes are one or more openings (e.g.,
discharge apertures) in the wall which serve a nonseparating
function. See also Subclass References to the Current Class,
below.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A centrifugal extractor, per se, for treating textiles is not
in Class 494 if of the imperforate bowl type, inasmuch as the
mixture involved is not one which this class (494) provides
for. (See References to Other Classes, below.) If the
extractor is perforate in nature, it may be proper for Class
210 (e.g., subclasses 360.1+).
LINE WITH CLASS 196 AND WITH CLASS 208
While the treating of a nominally mentioned oil by merely
subjecting it to the action of an imperforate bowl,
centrifugal separator does not go beyond the scope of this
class (494), the apparatus of Class 196 and the processes of
Class 208, in References to Other Classes, below, involve
more; for example, (a) apparatus, or process, respectively,
pertaining to an additional, chemical treatment of the oil,
or (b) specific properties (e.g., the composition) of the oil
or of one or more of its components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 (2) Note, for a discussion of the phrase "generally
closed," and see the Class Definition, (3) Note, above.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 279 for a hand tool which is
particularly adpated for applying or removing component parts
of a centrifugal separator.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclasses
312+ for a process of that class which involves subjecting
the material being treated to centrifugal force, and
subclasses 58+ for apparatus which utilizes centrifugal
force.
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclasses
76+.
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclasses 23+ for
a machine of that class which is combined with a liquid
extractor and wherein the extractor is centrifugal in nature.
A centrifugal extractor, per se, for treating textiles also
is in that area (23+) if of the imperforate bowl type,
inasmuch as the mixture involved is not one which this class
(494) provides for. For an extractor that is perforate in
nature, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
above.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclasses 535+.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes involving steps
resulting in separation of a gas from a fluid mixture
comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained
therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or (c) a
plurality of gases. However, gas separation processes that
use an imperforate bowl, centrifugal separator are proper for
Class 494.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus used in
separation of a gas from a fluid mixture comprising (a) a gas
and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid
and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality of gases.
However, gas separation apparatus that is an imperforate
bowl, centrifugal separator is proper for Class 494.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 452+ for
apparatus of that class utilized for the mechanical, fluid or
heat treatment of dairy food. Prominent in this class (494),
however, is the separating of raw milk into one or more
heavier components (e.g., skim milk) and one or more lighter
components (e.g., cream).
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 52+.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclasses 4+.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, subclass 19 for
apparatus of that class for treating sacchariferous material
involving the treatment of sugar crystals and wherein the
apparatus includes means for applying centrifugal force, and
subclass 56 for a process of that class directed to the
separation, in a mechanical manner, of impurities from a
sugar solution and wherein centrifugal force is relied upon
to separate impurities from a sugar solution which is of a
different specific gravity than the impurities.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 17
and 33.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 74.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 6.1.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 384.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 114+, 175, and 286+.
184, Lubrication, subclass 6.24 for a system of lubrication
which is provided with means for treating the lubricant of
the system and wherein the treatment is in the nature of
purification, which may involve a separating operation.
184, Lubrication, subclass 43, 70, and 77.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 14.5 for apparatus of
that class for separating wax from a petroleum oil for either
recovering the wax or purifying the oil, and subclasses 46+
for apparatus adapted for separating either impurities or
nonmineral oil components from mineral oil. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, for the line with Class
494.)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 80.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, appropriate
subclasses, for a process of that class for the recovery or
treatment (including separating) of naturally occurring
mineral oil, which process results in the production of a
purified or modified oil or of coke. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, above, for the line with Class
494.)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for process and apparatus for
separating solid materials and assorting or segregating them
in grades or classes according to physical characteristics.
The relationship of Class 209 with this class (494) is
explained in (6) Note of the class definition of Class 209,
which reads as follows: "This class does not include
apparatus or methods which involve the use of bowls or
receptacles rotating at speed high enough to develop
sufficient centrifugal force to separate one class of solids
from others unless there is "amalgamation" involved, in which
case such apparatus or methods are classifiable in subclass
60 and 199 of this class. Cases not falling within the
exception noted are classifiable in Class 494, Imperforate
Bowl: Centrifugal Separators. This class, however, does
include some borderline cases where it is not clear that the
separation of the classes of solids is wholly dependent upon
centrifugal force generated by high speed rotation of the
receptacle."
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 360.1 for
apparatus of that class wherein the constituents of a mixture
are separated by passing the mixture through a medium having
openings (i.e., a filter) and wherein the medium is adapted
for rapid movement about an axis of rotation, subclasses 781+
for a process of that class for separating one constituent of
either a liquid-liquid or a liquid-solid mixture and wherein
motion, relative to its support or housing, is imparted to
the filter medium and further wherein the mixture is caused
to pass through the medium by centrifugal force, and
subclasses 787+ for a process for separating one constituent
of either a liquid-liquid or a liquid-solid mixture and
wherein centrifugal force is developed by cyclonic movement
of the mixture (but not involving movement of the filter);
also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
above.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 7.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses, for process or apparatus of that
class when combined with process or apparatus for the
separation of material. The relationship of that class (241)
to the material separating classes is explained in Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, in the class definition
thereof, which reads, in part, as follows: "Class 241 is
superior to the material separation classes and, therefore,
provides for processes and apparatus in which comminution is
combined with steps or means to separate the material into
classes according to the physical characteristics of its
components, before, during, or after the comminuting
operation. See subclasses 9+, 24 and 68+ or, if the
separation involves applying a fluid to the material,
subclasses 19, 20 and 38+."
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 8, 114, 270, and 311.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 204 and 227+.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, subclasses 427+ and
433.
366, Agitating, subclass 263.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, subclasses 13+,
25, and 89.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 72 for
apparatus of that class comprising means for analyzing a
liquid or solid sample and wherein the means includes a
centrifuge.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 240.
451, Abrading, subclasses 465+ and 506.
GLOSSARY:
BOWL
A receptacle-like member having generally-imperforate
sidewalls and constituting that portion of a SEPARATOR within
which the subdividing of material into two or more components
takes place, or, at least, commences. Ordinarily considered
as part of the member are such devices or structure as are
either affixed thereto or integral therewith. The art term,
rotor, is sometimes used to mean approximately the same as
BOWL. (See the Class Definition, (2) Note and (3) Note,
above, and see Subclass References to the Current Class,
above, for a discussion of the phrase "generally closed.")
SEPARATOR
The combination of a BOWL plus such other devices or
structure not clearly a part of the BOWL as are necessary to
constitute apparatus of the kind capable of subdividing
material by subjecting it to centrifugal force within the
BOWL. The art terms, centrifuge and centrifugal, are
sometimes used to mean approximately the same as SEPARATOR.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
WITH CONDITION RESPONSIVE MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means which reacts to a condition, or
a change of condition, of the separator, or the environment
of the separator, or the material entering, within, or
departing from the separator, the reaction of the means
serving as a response to the condition or the change
therein.
(1) Note. The means may range from a relatively
sophisticated system for controlling the operation of the
separator, which system may include a means to sense a
condition and a means to respond to the information sensed,
to a mere element of the separator, which element, by virtue
of, for example, (a) its design or (b) the material of which
it is formed inherently reacts to a condition to which it is
exposed, subjected, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a separator provided with cyclic or time control
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 97+ for
apparatus of that class which is responsive to flow, fluid
pressure, or material level, and subclasses 143+ for
apparatus which has automatic control.
Subclass:
2
For controlling outlet valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein
the means is one which serves to operate, or to regulate the
operation of, a valve which controls an outlet of the
separator, usually located on the receptacle-like member.
Subclass:
3
In response to location of inner boundary of heavy
component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus wherein
the condition to which the means reacts is the locus defining
the innermost extent to which stratification of the heavier
component of the material has progressed within the member.
(1) Note. While the inner boundary of one component usually
coincides with the outer boundary of another component, and
therefore represents their interface, the inner boundary of
the heavier component sometimes lends itself to being located
more precisely.
Subclass:
4
In response to centrifugal force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus wherein
the condition to which the means reacts is the effect of the
force imposed upon it by the rotation of the member.
(1) Note. The means may be no more than a normally-closed
or a normally-open valve which is caused by the force to
which is subjected to change to its opposite mode.
Subclass:
5
For controlling inlet valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein
the means is one which serves to operate, or to regulate
operation of, a valve which controls an inlet of the
separator, which valve occasionally is located on the
receptacle-like member.
(1) Note. Included herein is art wherein the condition to
which the means reacts is the weight of the bowl or its
contents.
Subclass:
6
In response to level of liquid-type material in bowl or in
reservoir for supplying bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus wherein
the condition to which the means reacts is the location of
the surface of a quantity of material to be, or being,
separated, which surface is that formed by the material when
it is in either the receptacle-like member or in a container
which furnishes (e.g., meters) it to the member, and which
material is in the nature of either a liquid or a slurry.
Subclass:
7
For controlling drive of (a) bowl or (b) driven means within
bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Apparatus wherein
the means is one which serves to operate, or to regulate the
operation of, a motor, transmission or other device which
drives either (a) the receptacle-like member or (b) a
conveyor, an agitator or other driven device located in the
member.
(1) Note. The function and operation of a driven means
within the bowl is discussed at length in (2) Note and (3)
Note of subclass 50 below.
(2) Note. Included herein is art wherein the condition to
which the means reacts is an excessive vibration on the part
of the bowl.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
8
In response to load imposed upon driven means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus wherein
the condition to which the means reacts is the effort (e.g.,
the torque) which the conveyor, agitator or other driven
device in the member must develop to move the material which
it engages therein.
Subclass:
9
In response to speed of bowl or rotarily-driven means
therewithin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus wherein
the condition to which the means reacts is the velocity,
usually expressed in revolutions per minute, at which either
the member, or a device therein which is driven rotatably,
turns, or a change in that value.
(1) Note. Included herein is art wherein the condition to
which the means reacts is the difference between the speed of
the bowl and that of the rotarily-driven means.
Subclass:
10
WITH MEANS FOR INDICATING, INSPECTING, MEASURING, SIGNALING,
OR TESTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for carrying out, or for
facilitating the carrying out of, those purposes ordinarily
associated with the functions of indicating, inspecting,
measuring, signaling, or testing, which means might comprise,
but are not limited to, a tachometer, a viewing port, a
scale, an audible or visual alarm, or a viscosimeter,
respectively.
(1) Note. Obviously, the functions may not be mutually
exclusively insofar as the means for carrying them out are
concerned; hence, the fact that it may not be possible to
restrict the association of a particular means to only one,
specific function is immaterial.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclasses 414+ for gas
separation apparatus having inspection means and subclasses
417+ for gas separation apparatus having signals, indicators,
measuring, or testing means.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for
measuring or testing means peculiar to that class.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 85+ for
apparatus peculiar to that class which is provided with
alarm, indicator, register, recorder, signal or inspection
means.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, for measuring and testing means peculiar to that
class.
Subclass:
11
WITH CYCLIC OR TIME CONTROL MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for causing the separator, or a
component thereof, to operate in accordance with (a) a
predetermined sequence of events (e.g., program control by a
cam), or (b) the progression of time (e.g., the length of
time to be allotted to each of one or more phases of the
separating function) as determined by a device having at
least the capability of establishing a time interval (e.g., a
timer) and possibly having also the capability of relating
the time interval to the time of day (e.g., a clock-timer).
(1) Note. The term "automatic" frequently is utilized in
describing the operation of the art of this subclass.
(2) Note. The reference to a "cam" in (a) above is not
intended to infer that a cam may not be found elsewhere in
the class; see, for example, subclasses 47+ below, where the
"other movement" may result from the use of a cam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 47+ as explained in the reference thereto
appearing in (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclasses 424+ for gas
separation apparatus having timing or changeable programming
means.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 138+ for
apparatus of that class which is provided with time control.
Subclass:
12
INCLUDING MEANS OR STRUCTURE FOR PROMOTING SAFETY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a provision in the nature of a
device or element, or merely a structural feature, which is
indicated as being intended to reduce or eliminate one or
more hazards of a kind associated with the separator,
especially during its operation.
(1) Note. If mere strength of the bowl wall, for example,
is involved, and there is no express statement relating that
property to safety, classification in subclass 81 below,
rather than here (12), is proper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
13
WITH MEANS FOR EXCHANGING HEAT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for changing the heat content
of either the material or the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus for transferring heat from one material to
another.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 175+ for
apparatus of that class provided with a heater or a heat
exchanger.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 389 for a heating device of
that class which is associated with a container or an
enclosure for material to be heated and wherein the container
or enclosure is adapted to be rotated about an axis.
Subclass:
14
Comprising or including means for cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus
wherein the means for changing the heat content comprises or
includes a device, fluid or system for reducing the heat
content.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus peculiar to removing heat from a substance, or the
product of such removal, or the handling of the latter as a
stored product.
Subclass:
15
WITH MEANS FOR LUBRICATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for furnishing antifriction
material to one or more regions thereof.
(1) Note. The material ordinarily is of a fluid or a fluent
nature; e.g., oil, grease, graphite.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, appropriate subclasses, for lubrication and
lubricators, generally.
Subclass:
16
INCLUDING PLURALITY OF MINIATURE BOWLS (E.G., TEST TUBES)
DISTRIBUTED ABOUT A ROTATABLE CARRIER AND READILY REMOVABLE
THEREFROM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes two or more, extremely small,
receptacle-like members for receiving the mixture and holding
it during separation, and a revolving support for holding, at
intervals spaced therearound, the members and further wherein
the members are retained by the support in such a manner that
they may be more or less easily disengaged therefrom.
(1) Note. The members most frequently comprise test tubes
into which may be placed blood samples for separation into,
for example, red cells and plasma.
(2) Note. The spacing of the containers on the support is
such that the assembly will remain balanced.
(3) Note. Including in this and the indented subclasses is
art directed to only a subcombination of the revolving
support and/or the receptacle-like member.
(4) Note. In view of the uniqueness of the art of this area
(16+), cross-referencing between this area and the other
principal areas of the class is, for the most part, neither
appropriate nor beneficial.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 782 for a
process of that class for separating one constituent of
either a liquid-liquid or a liquid-solid mixture and wherein
motion, relative to its support or housing, is imparted to
the filter medium and further wherein the mixture is caused
to pass through the medium by centrifugal force and
additionally wherein the mixture comprises blood.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 44+ for
a device of that class for treating transfusible blood.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 529+ for a composition of that class wherein the
active ingredient is an animal tissue extract of undetermined
constitution and further wherein the composition contains
either a blood extract or a structurally undetermined
component obtained from blood.
604, Surgery, subclass 507 for methods of introducing
therapeutic material into or removing it from the vasculature
system.
Subclass:
17
And means for introducing either material or auxiliary fluid
into bowls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus which
includes also means for feeding either (a) the material which
is to be separated or (b) one or more fluids, which fluid or
fluids are not initially a part of the material to be
separated, to the members.
(1) Note. While not initially a component of the material
supplied for separation, the fluid of this subclass sometimes
becomes an indistinguishable part of either the material or a
separated component thereof.
(2) Note. Typical of the art of this subclass is the
supplying of a liquid for "washing" a sample of blood.
Subclass:
18
Including conduit of flexible umbilical cable type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Apparatus which
further includes a flaccid, tubular element for conducting
the mixture or other fluid from a stationary supply, or
supply connection, to or from the receptacles while they are
rotating with the carrier.
(1) Note. The development and use of a conduit of this
nature is generally considered to reduce certain maintenance
and contamination problems inherent in the rotating seal
which it eliminates.
Subclass:
19
And means for rotating each bowl about own axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus which
includes also means for imparting rotary movement, about its
principle axis, to each of the members.
(1) Note. Here, the centrifugal force for causing
separation of the mixture is developed in part by the
revolving of the support and in part by the additional
turning of each member about its own axis.
Subclass:
20
Having bowls, or holders therefor, pivotably attached to
carrier for tilting during rotation of carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus
wherein either each member, or each of a plurality of
receivers provided with accommodations for one or more
members, is joined to the support in a manner (e.g., pivoted
at a locus above the center of gravity of the member or the
receiver) whereby the lower portion of each member or
receiver will swing, about a horizontal axis, outwardly and
upwardly when acted upon by the centrifugal force developed
by the revolving of the support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for related art but wherein, for example, (a) the outward
and upward movement of the lower portion of the member is not
in the nature of turning about an axis, or (b) each member is
fixedly supported at a predetermined degree of tilt.
Subclass:
21
Comprising flexible bowls embraced by pockets provided
therefor in carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Apparatus
wherein the members are flaccid in nature and are held within
cavities, compartments or the like located in the revolving
support.
(1) Note. Prior to being filled with the mixture, the
member of this subclass may be collapsed; i.e., flat. Upon
filling, it assumes the shape of its cavity, thereby
sometimes resembling a liner therefor. The confinement thus
provided enables the member to withstand the centrifugal
force to which it is subjected.
Subclass:
22
INCLUDING INTRODUCTION OF DIFFERING-WEIGHT FLUIDS (E.G.,
LIQUIDS) FOR COUNTERCURRENT FLOW:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes supplying to the bowl two or more
fluids, usually two liquids but sometimes a liquid and a gas,
which differ in specific gravity and which difference enables
radially outwardly movement of the heavier fluid to take
place more or less simultaneously with radially inwardly
movement of the lighter fluid.
(1) Note. A principle function of the opposing flow is to
achieve intimate contact of one fluid with another, which
fluids most frequently are two, immiscible or partly
immiscible liquids, and which contact is sometimes described
in terms of one fluid acting as a solvent upon the other.
(2) Note. The purpose of the intimate contact (occasionally
described as "sliding surface contact") and subsequent
separation sometimes is to promote a chemical reaction
between the liquids, or, occasionally, it may be for
transferring one or more components from one liquid to the
other.
(3) Note. Separators of the countercurrent flow type are
particularly useful in separating liquids whose specific
gravities differ so slightly that separation in a
conventional separator might prove impractical.
(4) Note. Separating apparatus of the kind peculiar to this
subclass is sometimes identified as an "extractor" (where two
liquids are involved) or an "evaporator" (where a liquid and
a gas are involved).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 799, for a
process of that class for separating one constituent of a
liquid-liquid mixture and wherein the liquids are
immiscible.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 258+
for apparatus of that class having means for separating or
dissolving a material constituent and wherein the means is of
the liquid-liquid contact kind and further wherein the means
includes a rotating chamber.
Subclass:
23
WITH MEANS FOR FURNISHING AUXILIARY FLUID TO MATERIAL OR
APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for introducing, or for
facilitating the introduction of, one or more fluids, which
fluid or fluids are not initially a part of the material
intended to undergo separation, to the material or to one or
more components or elements of the separator.
(1) Note. While not constituting a portion of the material
as supplied for separation, the fluid of this subclass
sometimes becomes an indistinguishable part of either that
material or a separated component thereof.
(2) Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses,
especially subclasses 27+ is the introducing of a fluid for a
cleaning purpose.
(3) Note. Suction is not considered to be the introduction
of a fluid within the concept of this and the indented
subclasses; note, however, that suction for the purpose of
reducing the pressure in a housing for a bowl is provided for
in subclass 61 below.
(4) Note. The furnishing of a fluid for actuating a
component (e.g., a valve) of the separator is included in
this and the indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 13+ for a separator provided with means for
exchanging heat, which means may involve a fluid in the
nature of a medium of heat exchange.
15 for a separator provided with means for lubricating,
which means may involve a fluid in the nature of a
lubricant.
17 for a separator which includes a plurality of miniature
bowls distributed about a rotatable carrier and readily
removable therefrom and wherein means is provided for
introducing either the material or an auxiliary fluid into
the bowls.
61 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (3)
Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, subclasses 372+ for gas
separation apparatus including inlet means for diverse gas or
solid for gas treatment.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 198.1 for
apparatus of that class provided with means to add treating
material.
Subclass:
24
Energy of fluid utilized for driving bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
wherein the fluid is under pressure or otherwise possesses
energy, and wherein that property of the fluid is used for
imparting rotation to the member.
(1) Note. The fluid may serve only to enhance the rotation
of a bowl which is provided also with driving means of a
different nature.
(2) Note. Most commonly, a fixed or adjustable nozzle is
utilized to direct the fluid against one or more regions of
the member, which regions may be particularly adapted to
receive and react to the force of the fluid.
Subclass:
25
Gas other than air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
wherein the fluid introduced is in the nature of a gas, and
wherein the gas has a composition which serves to distinguish
it from that gas commonly considered to constitute "air".
Subclass:
26
Air at atmospheric, or greater, pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
wherein the fluid introduced is air which is at either the
pressure normal to the region in which the separator is
located or a pressure which is elevated from that pressure.
(1) Note. See (3) Note of subclass 23 above.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass is a body of art which
is concerned with counteracting the derogatory effect on the
separating process caused by the movement of air within a
housing provided for the bowl, which movement is created most
frequently by the friction developed between the rotating
bowl and the air surrounding it. The means making this
particular art proper for this subclass usually comprises an
inlet for admitting outside air to the housing, which latter
air is utilized to at least partially overcome the undesired
results (e.g., intermingling, or loss, of liquids which have
been separated) of the movement of the air already in the
housing.
(3) Note. As a sidelight to (2) Note., it can be observed
that an aperture for admitting air, if located in a lower
region of the housing, may serve also as an outlet for
unwanted substances (e.g., liquids, foreign particles) which
otherwise would accumulate there.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ especially subclasses 60 and 63 for a
separator which includes an exterior housing for the
rotatable bowl, which subclasses include a collection of art
that is concerned with the movement of only that air which
already is in housing, as contrasted with the situation
discussed in (2) Note above.
Subclass:
27
Liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus
wherein the fluid introduced is in the nature of a liquid.
(1) Note. See the reference to this subclass (27) contained
in (2) Note of subclass 23 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
28
Moving radially inwardly toward axis of rotation of bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein the liquid flows from one or more regions removed
from the axis about which the member turns (e.g., an inlet on
the periphery of the member) in the direction of that axis.
(1) Note. The countercurrent flow provided for in subclass
22 above represents another provision for radially inwardly
flow of fluid, but is to be distinguished from the subject
matter of this subclass (28) on the basis that there (22) the
flow is that of one of the two fluids which are essential to
the separation, whereas here the radially inwardly flow is
that of an auxiliary fluid (i.e., an auxiliary liquid).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
29
Furnished at plural locations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein the liquid is introduced at more than one place.
(1) Note. Most commonly, the liquid is introduced into the
member, and, most frequently, by utilizing plural conduits.
(2) Note. Two or more different liquids may be involved.
Subclass:
30
Including one or more valves in incoming path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus
wherein at least one valve is provided for controlling the
liquid which is enroute to the separator.
Subclass:
31
INCLUDING PLURALITY OF SEPARATE AND DISTINCT BOWLS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes two or more receptacle-like members,
no one of which members is contained in whole or in part in
any other member, and each of which members serves as the
locus of a separating function.
(1) Note. The separating functions taking place in the
members sometimes are identical; however, they are more
likely to differ in, for example, the king or the phase or
the degree of separation.
(2) Note. "Separate" is not intended to exclude an
externally touching (e.g., a rolling contact) relationship
between two or more of the members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 16+ for a separator which includes a plurality
of miniature bowls (e.g., test tubes) distributed about a
rotatable carrier and readily removable therefrom.
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are partly or wholly within one
another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclasses 482+ for apparatus of that
class including plural separators.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 294+ for
apparatus of that class including diverse, distinct
separators, and subclasses 322+ for apparatus including
plural, distinct separators.
Subclass:
32
And means external of bowls for conducting material
therebetween:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus which
includes means (e.g., a conduit, surface, etc.) for enabling
material to move from one member to another, which means is
located, at least in part, outside of one or both of the
members with which it is associated.
(1) Note. Included herein are instances wherein material
moves back to a member which it occupied at an earlier stage
of the separating function; e.g., "feedback".
Subclass:
33
Having bowls equally spaced from a central axis of rotation
for orbiting thereabout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the members describe a common path as they turn about
an axis from which each member is equidistantly removed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 16+ as explained in the reference thereto
appearing in subclass 31 above, and with the further
observation that the bowls of that area (16+) are spaced from
and turn about a central axis of rotation.
Subclass:
34
Having bowls spaced along common axis of rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus
wherein the members occupy successive, but not overlapping,
positions along the axis about which they turn.
(1) Note. While the driving means here typically is a shaft
common to each of the members, concentric shafts are
sometimes utilized.
Subclass:
35
BOWLS AND MEANS EXTERNAL THEREOF FOR RECIRCULATING MATERIAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein a receptacle-like member is provided with
means, located at least in part outside thereof, for
conducting material away from the member and subsequently
returning all or a part of that material to the member.
(1) Note. The material leaving and later returning to the
member may constitute, for example, (a) material for which a
higher degree of separation is desired than could be obtained
by passing through the member once, or (b) material which was
in excess of the separating capacity of the member upon the
occasion of its initial entry thereinto, or (c) leakage which
has been collected.
(2) Note. The outside means may include a driven device
(e.g., a pump) for moving the material.
(3) Note. The means, while outside, at least in part, of
the member, is not necessarily outside of any such structure
as may be provided for enclosing the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for a separator which includes a plurality of separate
and distinct bowls and which also includes means external of
the bowls for conducting material therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclasses 338+ for apparatus of that
class provided with recycle means.
210, Liquid Purification on Separation, subclasses 194+ for
apparatus of that class involving recirculation.
Subclass:
36
WITH MEANS FOR FILTERING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for removing an undesired or
unintended constituent (e.g., particles of a solid) from
material which is enroute to, or within, or enroute from, a
separator, and wherein the means is a medium of a porous or
perforate nature which is placed in the flow path of the
material and prevents the constituent from continuing to
accompany the remainder of the material.
(1) Note. The means usually is in the nature of a screen,
sieve, strainer, or the like (e.g., a fibrous batt).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 46.1, for apparatus
of that class adapted for separating either impurities or
nonmineral oil components from mineral oil and wherein the
apparatus is provided with filtering means.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 348+, for
apparatus of that class including a filter.
Subclass:
37
PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method
of (a) breaking down a mixture into two or more component
parts by means of an imperforate bowl, centrifugal separator
or (b) operating an imperforate bowl centrifugal separator
for such a purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation other than those using an imperforate bowl,
centrifugal separator.
210, Liquid Purification on Separation, subclasses 600+ for
processes of that class.
Subclass:
38
INCLUDING SEALING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes means for preventing the unintended
movement of a gas, liquid or solid to or from, or from one
region to another of, the separator.
(1) Note. The tendency of a substance to move stems
frequently from the existence of a pressure differential
between the regions; however, other phenomena (e.g., gravity)
may be responsible, instead.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass 38 is a seal of other
than a structural barrier type; e.g., a liquid seal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclass 355 for apparatus of that class
provided with a liquid trap seal or valve.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, subclasses 345+ for a seal between
relatively movable parts (i.e., a dynamic seal).
Subclass:
39
For protecting evacuated, bowl-enclosing housing against
gaseous infiltration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
wherein the means comprises a device or element for
preventing the leakage or air or any other gas at ambient
pressure into, and thereby raising the absolute pressure
within, a structure in which the pressure has been reduced to
less than atmospheric and within which the bowl is located.
(1) Note. A common reason for providing an evacuated region
for the bowl is to reduce the resistance of air to the bowl's
rotational movement, as in the instance, for example, of an
ultraspeed centrifuge.
(2) Note. See (3) Note of subclass 23 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (2)
Note above.
Subclass:
40
Comprising seal, or element cooperating therewith, movable
axially for controlling outlet on periphery of bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
wherein the means comprises either a seal (e.g., a gasket) or
an element (e.g., a surface for engaging the seal), which is
movable in a direction paralleling the axis of the member for
the purpose of opening or closing one or more apertures
located, usually, on a line representing a circumference of
the member.
(1) Note. In some instances, either the seal or the
cooperating element is a component of a movable portion
(e.g., one of the hemispheres of a spherical bowl) of the
member.
(2) Note. Sealing of the kind found in this subclass
occasionally is a hallmark of a "closed centrifuge." In that
event, it may be associated with conditions such as (a) a
positive pressure in the bowl (as developed, for example, by
feeding into the bowl under pressure), (b) pressure at the
outlet resulting from flow resistance in a conduit receiving
the discharge, (c) avoiding leakage which might otherwise
develop as a result of lateral motion of the bowl induced,
for example, by vibrations encountered at higher speeds of
rotation, or (d) a necessity for preventing air from getting
into the material being discharged (and thus, in some
instances, avoiding "frothing").
Subclass:
41
For sealing between stationary and moving elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
wherein one region moves relative to the surrounding area and
the other region does not.
Subclass:
42
INCLUDING DRIVEN MEANS AT LEAST PARTIALLY EXTERNAL OF BOWL
FOR MOVING MATERIAL THERETO OR THEREFROM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes means (e.g., a pump, a screw
conveyor) which is located either (a) entirely outside the
receptacle-like member, or (b) partly outside the member and
having a portion extending thereinto, and wherein the means
serves to move the material either (a) toward, or toward and
into, or (b) away from, or out of and away from, the member.
(1) Note. In the majority of instances, the means of this
subclass is not driven by the drive shaft of the member.
Subclass:
43
ROTATABLE BOWL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising the receptacle-like member, or one or
more elements or portions thereof, of a separator, which
member is (a) generally closed insofar as its sidewall
structure is concerned and (b) subjected to turning about its
principal axis for causing material supplied to it to be
divided into two or more components.
(1) Note. While termed a "bowl," and described as
"receptacle-like," the member may range from a sphere to an
open cylinder.
(2) Note. "Generally closed," as used in describing the
sidewall structure, is intended to exclude openings which are
the essence of a separating function (e.g., as in separating
by filtering), but is not intended to exclude, for example,
an opening which is utilized for discharging one or more of
the products of a separating operation performed within the
bowl.
(3) Note. Where means or structure comprising subject
matter for any one of subclasses 82, 83 or 84 below is
present, the claiming of the bowl in name only shall not be
deemed to mandate original classification here (43).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 16+ for a bowl of the kind utilized by a
separator which includes a plurality of miniature bowls
distributed about a rotatable carrier and readily removable
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 279 as explained in the
reference thereto appearing in section IV of the class
definition above.
Subclass:
44
Comprising plurality of bowls partly or wholly within one
another:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member comprises two or more receptacle-like
members, which members at least partially enclose one
another.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is art wherein the
enclosed member, or one of a plurality thereof, may not bear
much resemblance to a "bowl" in the sense that the term
generally is used in the class, but in which art that member
is consistently described and treated as comprising a bowl,
drum, rotor, etc.
(2) Note. Although it is the exception rather than the rule
for the enclosed member, or one of a plurality thereof, to be
driven differently (e.g., independently, oppositely,
separately) than the enclosing member, those instance in
which it does occur may present an overlapping relationship
with regard to the art of subclasses 50+ below, especially
subclass 52 thereof. For example, a body of art which exists
in that area discloses a drum-like device (sometimes termed a
"deflector") which is within the member and is driven
differently therefrom; however, that art is distinguishable,
at least in part, from the art of this subclass (44) by the
fact that the material to be separated never enters the drum
(i.e., the separation takes place within the space between
the outer surface of the drum wall and the inner surface of
the member wall).
(3) Note. The enclosed member, or one of a plurality
thereof, sometimes bears a strong physical resemblance to the
art of subclasses 66 through 80, below, especially subclasses
77+ thereof, and, in some instances, is classified here (44)
rather than there only on the basis of having been accorded
"member" status for the reason described in (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 31+ for a separator which includes a plurality
of separate and distinct bowls.
subclasses 50+ especially subclass 52 thereof, as explained
in the reference thereto appearing in (2) Note above.
66 through 80, especially subclasses 77+ thereof, as
explained in the reference thereto appearing in (3) Note
above.
Subclass:
45
Including flexible, removable lining therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
including structure within the member in the nature of a
membrane which (a) serves to line all or some portion of the
interior of the member, (b) is elastically or plastically
deformable, and (c) is adapted to be inserted into or taken
out of the member.
(1) Note. The membrane may be container-like in form.
(2) Note. The lining of this subclass is not related to,
and should not be confused with, the art term, "liner", which
frequently is applied to certain structure within the member
such, for example, as that provided for in subclasses 66
through 80 below.
(3) Note. Included in this subclass is art directed to the
subcombination of the membrane.
Subclass:
46
Including bearing means adapted to enable bowl to establish
dynamic axis of rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus which
includes one or more surfaces which engage either the member
or an element (e.g., the drive spindle) thereof and which
surfaces are so constructed, mounted, etc., as to permit the
member, when placed in rotation, to define, as the axis about
which it turns, a line which may be slightly offset, in whole
or part, from that line which appears to represent its
geometric center when at rest.
(1) Note. The purpose here is to allow the axis of rotation
to be dictated by the center of gravity of the rotating
mass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 363 for
apparatus of that class wherein the constituents of a mixture
are separated by passing the mixture through a medium having
openings, (i.e., a filter) and wherein the medium is capable
of movement and further wherein the medium is adapted for
rapid movement about an axis of rotation and additionally
wherein adjustable means is provided to position the center
of gravity of the structure on the geometric axis of
rotation.
384, Bearings, subclass 193 for a bearing for a rotary
element wherein the contact involved is of a sliding or a
line nature and further wherein the bearing is adapted to
receive a load imposed in the direction of the axis of
rotation and additionally wherein the load is a thrust load
on a vertical shaft and lastly wherein the bearing and the
shaft are given limited relative motion to allow for
oscillation of the shaft about its vertical axis.
Subclass:
47
Including means for imparting other movements to bowl in
whole or in part before, during or after its axial rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus which
includes means for moving the member, or at least one portion
thereof relative to another portion, in some manner other
than its customary turning about its principal axis, and
wherein the means may act either during the time the member
is turning or prior to or subsequent to such time.
(1) Note. If the means acts during rotation of the member,
the other movement probably plays a part in the separating
function; if, on the other hand, the means acts at some other
time, the other movement is likely to be for a purpose not
directly related to the separating.
(2) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, vibration is
considered to constitute movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a separator which includes a plurality of miniature
bowls (e.g., test tubes) which are distributed about a
rotatable carrier and are readily removable therefrom and
wherein means is provided for rotating each bowl about its
own axis, also.
33 for a separator which includes a plurality of separate
and distinct bowls and wherein the bowls are equally spaced
from a central axis for rotating about that axis, also.
46 for a separator having a rotatable bowl which includes
bearing means adapted to enable the bowl to establish a
dynamic axis of rotation, the result of which may be a slight
lateral shifting of the axis and, therefore, of the bowl.
Subclass:
48
Axial movement of one portion of bowl wall relative to
another (e.g., for discharging):
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus
wherein the wall of the member is subdivided in an axial
direction for creating at least two separable parts, and the
means moves at least one of the parts axially away from or
toward at least one other of the parts.
(1) Note. The movement provided for herein frequently is
related to providing an exit for material leaving the
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for a separator which includes sealing means, and wherein
the means comprises a seal, or a member coacting therewith,
which is movable axially for controlling an outlet on the
periphery of the bowl.
Subclass:
49
Driven by energy of material supplied:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the energy for causing the member to turn about its
axis is derived, in whole or in part, from the pressure or
other energy possessed by the material to be, being, or which
has been, separated.
Subclass:
50
Including driven material-moving means therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus which
includes driven means located within the member for imparting
movement to all or any portion of the material contained in
the member, which movement differs in either form or function
from that caused by the rotation of the member about its
axis.
(1) Note. The movement of the material by the means of this
area (50+) may be for such purposes as agitating,
distributing, expelling, mixing, or merely transporting.
(2) Note. The means of this area frequently is identified
in the art as a "conveyor." However, in view of the variety
of purposes served by the means, the term "conveyor" is
believed to be unnecessarily restrictive, and, accordingly,
has not been relied upon in this reclassification of the
art.
(3) Note. For the movement imparted by the means to differ
from that resulting from the rotation of the member, the
means must either move in some fashion other than rotating
about an axis, or, if of the rotating kind, must, for
example, (a) turn about an axis which is not the same as the
axis of the member, or (b) turn in a different direction than
the member, or (c) turn at a different speed (not uncommonly,
a differential as small as one rpm) than the member.
Inasmuch as the instance noted in (c) is the most simple and
straightforward manner in which to obtain a difference in
movement, and, therefore, is the one most commonly utilized,
the differential is sometimes merely disclosed and not
claimed.
(4) Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses is a
small amount of art wherein the means is not positively
driven; for example, the means may be caused to move by (a)
its engagement with material contained in the bowl, or (b)
its frictional contact with a positively driven element, such
as a feed tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are located partly or wholly within
one another and wherein at least one of the bowls may be
driven relative to at least one other bowl; also, see the
reference to this area (50+) appearing in (2) Note thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus for operating on fluid, visious, plastic, or fluent
particulate material for causing portions of the material to
move irregularly with respect to each other so as to
intermix, and particularly subclasses 219+, for an agitator
having a movable mixing chamber.
Subclass:
51
Plural driven means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
wherein two or more driven means, at least two of which means
are independent of one another in one or more
characteristics, are present.
(1) Note. The following are considered to exemplify, but
are not intended to limit, the interpretation of
"independent": (a) a reciprocating means and a rotating
means, (b) a plurality of rotating means, at least one being
driven at a different speed, or in a different direction,
than at least one other thereof, (c) a plurality of rotating
means, at least one having a different axis of rotation than
at least one other thereof, or (d) a plurality of rotating
means driven by a common shaft, at least one serving to
impart movement (1) in a different direction than another
(e.g., a conveying screw segment having a left-handed thread
and another segment having a right-handed thread) or (2) of a
different nature than another (e.g., conveying by one,
stirring by another).
Subclass:
52
Rotatably driven coaxially with bowl but differing as to
direction or speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus
wherein the driven means is one which is rotated about an
axis, and wherein that axis coincides with the axis of
rotation of the member, and further wherein the means is
driven in a direction, or at a speed, which differs from the
direction, or the speed, of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are located partly or wholly within
one another and wherein at least one of the bowls may be
driven relative to at least one other bowl; also, see the
reference to this subclass (52) appearing in (2) Note
thereof.
Subclass:
53
Including element having helical blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus
wherein the driven means includes a material-engaging portion
which is in the nature of a screw thread; e.g., a screw
conveyor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 657+ for a
conveyor section of that class in the nature of a screw.
Subclass:
54
Modified blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Apparatus
wherein the portion is so altered or changed as to be
structurally dissimilar, in one or more respects, to a
conventional screw thread, the alterations or changes being
for a purpose related to the portion's function in the
separating operation.
(1) Note. The modification may be found in the external
surface of the portion, or it may involve the interior
thereof; in the latter instance, however, the inner region of
the "blade" portion of the thread, rather than merely the
interior of the "shaft" upon which it is formed, must be
involved.
Subclass:
55
Including plurality of discrete pushing or scraping elements
moving proximate to material collecting surface of bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus
wherein the driven means includes two or more separate (i.e.,
noncontinuous), material-engaging elements (e.g., blades,
plows), which elements force material from their path as they
travel adjacent those portions of the member upon which the
material tends to accumulate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 53+ for a related material-moving means which
may, as in this subclass (55), move material in a pushing or
scraping manner, but wherein the material-engaging portion is
in the nature of a screw thread.
Subclass:
56
Including discharge-related structure in nature of (a) outlet
having device for controlling quantity of flow, (b) element
associated with pickup of material and adjustable for varying
quality of flow, or (c) static scraper or the like for
engaging material in moving bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus which
includes structure that is involved in either the preparation
for departure, of the departure, or both, of material from
the member and which structure takes the form of (a) an exit
passage which includes a valve or like device for varying the
amount of material moving through the passage, or (b) an
element which is related to the gathering of material that is
to be conducted out of the member and which element is
repositionable or otherwise adjustable for changing the ratio
of the lighter component or components to the heavier
component or components in the material gathered, or (c) a
blade or similar abutment which, except for purposes of
repositioning, is stationary relative to a member which is
turning about its axis and serves to dislodge (e.g., peel
off) material being moved against it by the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for a separator which is provided with means
which is responsive to a condition for the purpose of
controlling an outlet valve.
40 for a separator which includes sealing means and wherein
the means comprises a seal, or an element cooperating
therewith, which is movable axially for controlling an outlet
on the periphery of the bowl.
48 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl includes means
for imparting other movement to the bowl, in whole or in
part, before, during or after its axial rotation and wherein
the movement is the axial shifting of one portion of the bowl
wall relative to another portion thereof (e.g., for the
discharging of material).
Subclass:
57
Element associated with pickup of material and adjustable for
varying quality of flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
comprising an element which is related to the gathering of
material that is to be conducted out of the member and which
element is repositionable or otherwise adjustable for
changing the ratio of the lighter component or components to
the heavier component or components in the material
gathered.
(1) Note. The repositioning ordinarily involves movement in
a direction radially of the member.
(2) Note. The element may be merely the free end of a
pickup tube, which end can be relocated in a radial
direction. In another instance, the element may be a
perforated cover for the end of such a tube, which cover is
threadedly engaged with the tube and may be moved radially of
the member by changing the amount of its threaded engagement
with the tube. In still another instance, the element may be
an externally- threaded bushing having an axial passage and
threadedly engaged with an aperture in the wall of the
member, and wherein, in the instance of vertically-oriented
member, (a) a horizontally-arranged bushing may be rotated
about its axis to vary its distance from the axis of the
member, or (b) a vertically-arranged bushing, having its
passage eccentric of its axis, may be rotated about its axis
for varying the offset of its passage from the axis of the
member.
(3) Note. Occasionally, the regulation of the quantity of
material exiting from the member at one or more locations may
be utilized to vary the quality of material departing from
the member, the departure usually taking place at a location
or locations other than the first mentioned one or ones. Art
of this nature may be found in subclass 56 above.
(4) Note. Although the art of this subclass sometimes
identifies the adjustable element as a "paring device" or
"skimmer," this subclass is by no means residual to such a
component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (3)
Note above.
Subclass:
58
Static scraper or the like for engaging material in moving
bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus
comprising a blade or similar abutment which, except for
purposes of repositioning, is stationary relative to a member
which is turning about its axis, and serves to dislodge
(e.g., peel off) material being moved against it by the
member.
(1) Note. Although the functional movement is that of the
material rather than that of the blade, the latter is
repositionable for certain purposes; for example: (a) for
moving it out of the interior of the member when not needed
for dislodging material, or (b) for adjusting it relative to
the surface of the material for determining the depth to
which the material will be removed.
(2) Note. The material dislodged by the blade may be either
material which is to be recovered or material which is merely
to be disposed of; in the latter instance, the dislodging may
be more nearly in the nature of an operation which infers, at
least, a cleaning function.
(3) Note. Included here is the means, if any, for
repositioning the blade.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 372+ for
apparatus of that class in the nature of a filter and wherein
the extractor includes a provision for discharging residue
and additionally wherein the provision comprises a residue
engaging means (e.g., a doctor blade), and subclasses 391+
for a filter which is removable and is provided with cleaning
means (see especially indented subclasses 396+ wherein the
means may be in the nature of a scraper).
Subclass:
59
And structure to receive or guide material loosened:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Apparatus
comprising structure which either accumulates, or provides a
path for the movement of, material which has been dislodged
by the blade.
Subclass:
60
Including housing for bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member is provided with structure for enclosing
or shrouding it to one degree or another.
(1) Note. The structure of this subclass usually serves to
support the member.
(2) Note. The structure may or may not be identified by
terminology such as "housing," "casing," etc.
(3) Note. As discussed in (2) Note of subclass 26 above and
in the search note to this subclass (60) appearing there,
this subclass contains art which relates to the movement, in
the housing, of air which already is present there.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (3)
Note above.
Subclass:
61
With means for reducing, and maintaining, pressure in housing
below that of environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus
wherein the enclosing or shrouding structure is provided with
means for (a) at least partially evacuating the structure
relative to its surroundings and (b) keeping it approximately
at that degree of evacuation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for a separator provided with means for furnishing an
auxiliary fluid and wherein that fluid is a gas other than
air. In this regard, it should be noted that, in the event
that the gas is intended to replace air as the fluid present
in the interior of the structure, it may be necessary to
first draw off some portion of the air.
39 for a separator which includes sealing means for
protecting an evacuated, bowl-enclosing housing against
gaseous infiltration.
Subclass:
62
Serving to support bowl from above:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus
wherein the enclosing or shrouding structure includes a
provision for suspending the member.
Subclass:
63
For vertically-oriented bowl, and having plural receivers at
top for separated components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus
wherein the enclosing or shrouding structure has an upper
portion which comprises two or more compartments, into each
of which is fed a separate component of the material.
(1) Note. In their common form, the compartments are in
stacked relationship, with the lower one serving to close the
open top of the structure.
(2) Note. Each compartment ordinarily is provided with a
spout for the exit of the component.
(3) Note. In the language of the art, "cover" is a term
commonly applied to such a compartment.
Subclass:
64
Having structural provision for facilitating cleaning (e.g.,
quick take-apart):
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member has, as an aspect of its structure, one or
more features which are intended to expedite, simplify or
otherwise contribute to (e.g., by affording accessibility)
the removal of material therefrom, frequently material which
has accumulated therein during a separating operation.
(1) Note. While the art of this subclass almost invariably
includes a reference to "cleaning", an expression of that
nature should not be interpreted as meaning, necessarily,
that the material is not wanted; further in this regard, see
(2) Note of subclass 58 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 23+ for a separator provided with means for
furnishing auxiliary fluid, and particularly subclasses 27+
thereof wherein the additional fluid is a liquid; see also
the reference to cleaning which appears in (2) Note of
subclass 23.
58 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
65
Vertically-oriented, and including structural provision for
bottom entry of material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member is one which turns about a vertical axis,
and wherein the member includes structure defining an inlet
or the like whereby material enters the member through that
portion thereof which is lowermost.
(1) Note. This subclass is concerned only with the locus of
entry, which often bears no relationship to the region within
the member at which the material is released for movement
therewithin; for example, the material may enter through the
bottom but remain within a feed tube until it reaches an
upper region of the member.
(2) Note. The inlet or the like may or may not include a
device (e.g., a valve) for controlling the entry of
material.
(3) Note. Usually shown in the art of this subclass is the
conduit (e.g., a hollow drive spindle) for conducting
material to the inlet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 5+ for a separator provided with condition
responsive means for controlling an inlet valve.
subclasses 23+ for a separator provided with means for
furnishing auxiliary fluid, as contrasted with the admission
here (65) of material.
Subclass:
66
Including structure located within bowl and defining
axially-extending, helical flow path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member includes internal structure which moves
with it and serves to establish a route for the movement of
at least part of the material, and wherein the route
established is in the form of a helix which parallels the
axis of rotation of the member.
(1) Note. Frequently, the structure of this subclass is
tubular in nature, but it may be, instead, rodlike,
striplike, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are partly or wholly within one
another, and see (3) Note thereof for an explanation of the
resemblance which sometimes exists between the art of that
subclass (44) and that of this subclass (66).
subclasses 53+ for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl
includes driven material-moving means therewithin and wherein
the means is driven rotatably, and coaxially with the bowl,
but differs in direction or speed from the rotation of the
bowl and further wherein the means includes an element having
a helical blade.
Subclass:
67
Including structure located within vertically-oriented bowl
and extending outwardly from central region (e.g., axis)
thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member turns about a generally vertical axis and
includes internal structure which moves with it, and wherein
the structure is so formed and positioned as to extend away
from either (a) the axis of rotation of the member, or (b) a
locus somewhat removed from the axis, in a manner whereby it
is directed, at least in part, toward a sidewall of the
member.
(1) Note. The phrase, "a locus somewhat removed from the
axis", is necessitated by the fact that the region
immediately surrounding the axis is sometimes (a) an open
space, or (b) occupied by an element such as a feed tube.
(2) Note. Although the structure of this and the indented
subclasses extends in the direction of a sidewall of the
member, it is the exception rather than the rule for it to
engage therewith.
(3) Note. The structure of this area usually presents a
surface across which one or more components of the material
flow when the member is turning about its axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are partly or wholly within one
another, and see (3) Note thereof for an explanation of the
resemblance which sometimes exists between the art of that
subclass (44) and that of this area (67+).
Subclass:
68
Comprising plurality of elements, each concentrically
encircling axis of bowl and spaced therealong:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus
wherein the internal structure comprises, at least in part, a
plurality of elements which are centered on and extend around
the vertical axis of the member and which are arrayed (e.g.,
nested, stacked, etc.) along that axis in such a manner that
at least a slight gap exists between any two adjacent
elements.
(1) Note. Although the elements have the axis as their
geometric center, they frequently do not originate at the
axis, as discussed in (1) Note of subclass 67 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (1)
Note above.
Subclass:
69
Each extended generally normally to region, and having
surface displaying three-dimensional configuration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus
wherein the outward extension of each of the elements is at
more or less of a right angle to the axis, or to a locus
somewhat removed from the axis, and wherein each element has
at least one of its two, principal (i.e., more or less
axially-facing) surfaces formed with a pattern which includes
a depth (i.e., a normal-to-the-surface) dimension.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 73 below.
(2) Note. See (2) Note of subclass 73 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in each
of (1) Note and (2) Note above.
Subclass:
70
Each extending away from region with significant downward, as
well as significant outward, component (e.g., nested cones):
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus
wherein each of the elements shows, in section, a profile
which is directed not only appreciably outwardly, but also
appreciably downwardly, as the element extends away from the
axis, or from a locus somewhat removed from the axis.
(1) Note. The initial downward and outward direction of the
element often results in imparting thereto the appearance of
a cone, or, more specifically, a truncated cone.
(2) Note. The presence of a relatively small, inwardly- or
downwardly-directed "flange" at the inner periphery of one or
more of the elements is not considered to exclude such a
group of elements from this and the indented subclasses.
(3) Note. While the downwardly and outwardly profile
usually is linear in appearance, it occasionally shows as a
line having some degree of curvature (e.g., the sides of the
"cone" are bulged).
(4) Note. Frequently, structure is provided for spacing
adjacent elements from one another; for a further discussion
of this structure, see (2) Note of subclass 73 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (4)
Note above.
Subclass:
71
And the plurality divided vertically into two or more,
physically separate or functionally distinct groups:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus
wherein the plurality of elements comprise at least two
groups of elements, one above another, and wherein the manner
in which the groups can be differentiated may lie either (a)
in the fact that one group is spaced from another group or
(b) in the fact that one group plays a somewhat different
role (e.g., is utilized at a different time) in the
separating function than does another group.
Subclass:
72
And extending therebeyond generally downwardly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus
wherein each element extends additionally, beyond the
downward and outward portion, in a direction which is at
least principally, if not exclusively, downward.
(1) Note. The plurality of additional extensions of this
subclass often presents the appearance of a plurality of
concentric cylinders (if directed exclusively downward) or
near-cylinders (if directed principally downward).
Subclass:
73
And one or more elements having surface displaying
three-dimensional configuration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus
wherein at least one of the elements has one or both of its
two, principal (i.e., more or less axially-facing) surfaces
formed with a pattern which includes a depth (i.e., a
normal-to-the-surface) dimension.
(1) Note. Usually the pattern will appear on both surfaces,
inasmuch as it is most commonly formed by stamping; e.g., a
corrugated surface.
(2) Note. There mere provision of an occasional dimple in
one or both of the surfaces of an element, for the purpose of
spacing it from the elements adjacent to it, is not
considered to constitute subject matter for this subclass.
On the other hand, some of the structure utilized for spacing
elements from one another is more complex, especially that
which not only spaces the elements but also guides the flow
of material which is passing therebetween, which structure
does, indeed, present a three-dimensional aspect that is
properly classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a separator having a rotatable bowl which is
vertically-oriented and includes structure which extends
outwardly from the central region (e.g., the axis) thereof
and wherein the structure comprises a plurality of elements,
each of which concentrically encircles the axis of the bowl
and is spaced vertically therealong, and further wherein each
element extends generally normally to the central region and
has a surface which displays a three-dimensional
configuration; see also the reference to this subclass (73)
appearing in each of (1) Note and (2) Note thereof.
70 in regard to the reference to this subclass (73)
appearing in (4) Note thereof.
Subclass:
74
Comprising plurality of axially-extending, plate-like
elements, each having its inner edge lying along central
region:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Apparatus
wherein the internal structure comprises, at least in part, a
plurality of elements which (a) parallel the axis of the
member, (b) have length (i.e., height) and width dimensions,
especially the former, which greatly exceed their thickness
dimension, and (c) each have the edge thereof which faces
toward the interior of the member located proximate to either
the axis or a locus parallel thereto and somewhat removed
therefrom.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this area (74+), "platelike"
is not restricted to describing only an element which
appears, in a horizontal section, as a straight line; in
fact, indented subclass 75 provides for an element which
shows, in such a section, as a curved line of one form or
another.
(2) Note. Subclass 79 below provides for a plurality of
elements which may be structurally similar to the elements of
this area (74+), but which lack the association with the
central region of the member that is required here (74+). In
some instances that lack of association results from the fact
that the elements of that subclass (79) may originate at the
wall of the member and extend inwardly, to one degree or
another, therefrom. In the event that the presence, or
absence, of an association with the central region is not
clear, the doubt should be resolved in favor of
classification here (74+).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in (2)
Note above, and see, especially, (2) Note of that subclass
(79).
Subclass:
75
And each extending outwardly in curve of changing or constant
radius:
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Apparatus
wherein that dimension (i.e., width) of each element which
extends outwardly describes, in a horizontal section, a
nonlinear path in the nature of either a spiral or an arc of
a circle.
(1) Note. By virtue of their curvature, the elements of
this subclass intersect radial lines of the member.
(2) Note. The elements may be resilient in nature, in which
event their curvature may be the result of their being
forced, distortably, into position within the member.
Subclass:
76
Including plurality of axially-extending, tubular elements
located within vertically-oriented bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member turns about a generally vertical axis and
includes internal structure which moves with it, and wherein
that structure comprises, at least in part, a plurality of
elements which parallel the axis and are in the nature of
hollow cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are partly or wholly within one
another, and see (3) Note thereof for an explanation of the
resemblance which sometimes exists between the art of that
subclass (44) and that of this area (76+).
Subclass:
77
Each element concentric with axis of bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus
wherein each of the elements has, as its center, the axis of
the member, whereby the elements are located one within
another.
(1) Note. The annular space between adjacent elements
sometimes is subdivided by one or more vertical partitions
into two or more, less-than-annular spaces, the purpose being
to break up or prevent flow in a direction circumferentially
of the elements.
Subclass:
78
And at least one element having other-than-circular
periphery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Apparatus
wherein one or more of the elements describes, in horizontal
section, something other than a mere circle.
(1) Note. The formation of the sidewall of an element in
such a manner as to show, in plan, a periphery which
comprises peaks and valleys, or the like, often is done for
the purpose of increasing the surface area of the element.
Subclass:
79
Including plurality of axially-extending, plate-like elements
located within vertically-oriented bowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member turns about a generally vertical axis and
includes internal structure which moves with it, and wherein
that structure comprises, at least in part, a plurality of
elements which (a) parallel the axis of the member and (b)
have length (i.e., height) and width dimensions, especially
the former, which greatly exceed their thickness dimension.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 74 above, which is
applicable here (79), also.
(2) Note. See (2) Note of subclass 74 above for an
explanation of the relationship between the platelike
elements of that area (74+) and those of this subclass (79).
It may be observed, additionally, that the platelike elements
of this subclass (79) are somewhat more likely to be in the
nature of vanes for accelerating material than they are to
be, as in the instance of the 74+ area, surfaces forming
paths of flow for material moving away from or toward the
axis of rotation of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl comprises a
plurality of bowls which are partly or wholly within one
another, and see (3) Note thereof for an explanation of the
resemblance which sometimes exists between the art of that
subclass (44) and that of this subclass (79).
subclasses 74+ as explained in the reference thereto
appearing in (1) Note and (2) Note above.
Subclass:
80
Including plurality of shelf-like elements located within
vertically-oriented bowl and extending generally horizontally
inwardly from wall thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the member turns about a generally vertical axis and
includes internal structure which moves with it, and wherein
that structure comprises, at least in part, a plurality of
elements which (a) have more or less planar, upwardly-facing
surfaces and (b) extend more or less normally from the inner
surface of the sidewall of the member toward the axis
thereof.
(1) Note. The elements sometimes are rather abbreviated in
their inward extent, in which event they may more nearly
resemble distorted grooves formed in the sidewall surface.
Subclass:
81
Material of bowl wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus
wherein the wall of the member is claimed in terms of the
chemical, mechanical, metallurgical, or physical
characteristics or properties of the substance or substances
of which it is formed.
(1) Note. Exemplary of the art of this subclass is the
claiming of the wall in terms of (a) the composition of the
material utilized for making it, (b) its strengthening by the
use of reinforcing elements or by laminating, or (c) its
increased resistance to corrosion or wear by the provision of
a coating (e.g., a plating) or a lining (e.g., a film).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for a separator which includes means or structure for
promoting safety, and see the reference to this subclass (81)
appearing in (1) Note thereof.
Subclass:
82
INCLUDING VIBRATION DAMPING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes means for reducing, eliminating or
counteracting the development of unintended movement (e.g.,
oscillatory, reciprocatory) on the part of the separator or a
component thereof.
(1) Note. The development of the unintended movement may
indicate the existence of a condition of imbalance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for a separator provided with condition-responsive means
for controlling the drive of either the bowl or a driven
means within the bowl, and see especially (2) Note of that
subclass.
43 particularly in regard to the reference to this subclass
(82) appearing in (3) Note thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 23.1 for a
machine of that class combined with a liquid extractor and
wherein the extractor is of the centrifugal type and is
provided with means to control or isolate vibration.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 573 for a machine
element in the nature of a flywheel or rotor which is
provided with balancing means.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 144 for
apparatus of that class which has automatic control and
wherein the control is responsive to vibration or unbalance,
and subclass 363 for apparatus in the nature of a filter and
wherein the filter is movable and comprises a centrifugal
extractor and further wherein the extractor is provided with
an adjustable rotation stabilizer.
Subclass:
83
INCLUDING BEARING STRUCTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes one or more devices for aligning,
supporting or otherwise holding a component which is subject
to movement (e.g., linear, rotary) relative to a component
which is stationary, and isolating, to one degree or another,
the effect of the movement of the one upon the nonmovement of
the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 particularly in regard to the reference to this subclass
(83) appearing in (3) Note thereof.
46 for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl includes
bearing means adapted to enable the bowl to establish a
dynamic axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for bearings, per se.
Subclass:
84
INCLUDING SPECIFIC DEVICE OR STRUCTURE FOR DRIVING OR
CONTROLLING BOWL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a prime mover, gear train, clutch,
brake, or the like, for starting, rotating, or stopping, or
otherwise regulating the speed of, the member, which prime
mover, etc., is either claimed with specificity or else is
claimed broadly but disclosed in detail.
(1) Note. A nominal recital of, for example, "an electric
motor", absent a disclosure of particular characteristics,
properties, or structure thereof, is not sufficient for
classification here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for a separator provided with means for furnishing
auxiliary fluid thereto and wherein energy possessed by that
fluid is utilized for driving the bowl.
43 particularly in regard to the reference to this area (84)
appearing in (3) Note thereof.
subclasses 47+ for a separator wherein the rotatable bowl
includes means for imparting other movement to the bowl, in
whole or in part, either before, during or after its axial
rotation.
Subclass:
85
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus not otherwise provided for.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
INVOLVING MIXTURE CONTAINING ONE OR MORE GASES:
Separating apparatus wherein at least one gas is present in
the mixture entering the apparatus.
Subclass:
901
INVOLVING MIXTURE CONTAINING OIL:
Separating apparatus wherein oil of one kind or another is
present in the mixture entering the apparatus.
Subclass:
902
INVOLVING THE USE OF MERCURY:
Separating apparatus wherein mercury is utilized, directly or
indirectly, to contribute to, supplement, etc., the
functioning of the apparatus.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000