U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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(definitions have been obtained from the
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 440
MARINE PROPULSION
Class Definition:
This class includes and is limited to devices that relate to
and have for their object means other than sails for moving a
vessel through the water. Included are all types of
propellers acting or reacting upon the water or atmosphere
and all inventions for moving tows not otherwise classified.
To be proper for this class there must be significantly
claimed vessel structure or a claimed modification to the
vessel structure to accommodate the propulsion device. If no
more vessel structure is claimed than is necessary to mount
the propulsion device, the device should be classified in the
proper motive power class. This class, however, takes
outboard motor types of propulsion devices regardless of
claimed structure.
(1) Note. The term "vessel" in the definition may include a
person or animal. Mere aquatic devices secured to or held by
a person or animal to increase the effective contact between
the user and the liquid and thereby cause faster or farther
propulsion through the liquid by the user's swimming strokes
are not included. For such devices, see References to Other
Classes, below.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Inventions pertaining to the structure or details of boats
and skimming or walking devices (e.g., toboggans, water skis,
etc.), are classified elsewhere. See References to Other
Classes, below.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, for reaction motors per se not limited
specifically to propelling a vessel in water.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for transmissions having no
specific marine housing or no more than a nominal load.
114, Ships, subclasses 312+ for those inventions claiming
features to cause boats or other devices to submerge and
resurface at will. Inventions pertinent to structure or
details of ships are classified in Class 114.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), for the
combination of an impeller and a marine vessel wherein the
impeller is arranged to propel the vessel and no more
structure of the vessel is claimed than is necessary to mount
the impeller inclusive of any impeller motor or drive means.
Any additional recitation of vessel structure or any
modification of the vessel will require classification in
Class 440. See Class 416, Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, for a detailed statement of the class
line.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, appropriate
subclasses for inventions pertaining to the structure or
details of boats and skimming or walking devices (e.g.,
toboggans, water skis, etc.), unless features are claimed to
cause such boats or other devices to submerge and resurface
at will; subclasses 55+ for aquatic devices secured to or
held by a person or animal to increase the effective contact
between the user and the liquid and thereby cause faster or
farther propulsion through the liquid by the user's swimming
strokes.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for
planetary gear transmission having no more than a nominal
load.
GLOSSARY:
The following terms or words, used throughout the titles and
definitions are set forth with the meaning each is to have in
this class.
ENGINE
A device which converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
or power to produce force or motion.
MOTOR
A device which receives and modifies electrical energy or
energy from some natural source in order to produce force or
motion.
MOTIVE FORCE
Any force used to impart motion.
PADDLE
A device used to propel a vessel in the water consisting of a
broad fairly flat blade that is dipped vertically or near
vertically into the water.
PROPELLING MEANS
The element of the propulsion unit which acts upon the
surrounding fluid (air or water) to cause the vessel to
move.
PROPULSION UNIT
The total combination of all elements including the engine,
the propelling means, the casing, etc., involved in moving a
vessel.
REACTING SURFACE
The area or face of the propelling means which directly
displaces the surrounding fluid.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
MEANS TO CONTROL THE SUPPLY OF ENERGY RESPONSIVE TO A SENSED
CONDITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means to regulate the supply of energy or power used
to operate the device or an element thereof, the operation of
the regulating means in turn being affected by a means which
detects a characteristic or a change in a characteristic of
the device or an element thereof or of the surrounding
environment.
Subclass:
2
WITH INDICATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means to actuate a signalling means such as a gauge,
dial, meter, etc., which reports the status of a propulsion
unit.
Subclass:
3
DIVERSE ENGINE MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein one propelling means is driven by interconnected
diverse power means which can power the propelling means
selectively or simultaneously.
Subclass:
4
PLURAL ENGINES WITH SINGLE PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein multiple engine power means of similar type provide
the motive force for a propelling means.
(1) Note. Turbine sets which make up the power means for a
propelling means are considered single engines.
Subclass:
5
HYDRAULIC FLUID DRIVE FOR PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a liquid under pressure drives an impeller which
rotates a drive shaft to supply the motive force to a
propelling means.
Subclass:
6
ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein an electrically powered motor supplies the motive
force to a propelling means.
Subclass:
7
With foot control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Device wherein
the electrically powered motor is regulated by a means
operated by the foot of an occupant of the vessel.
Subclass:
8
WIND DRIVEN MOTORS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a motor driven by naturally moving air provides the
power for a propelling means.
Subclass:
9
WAVE POWERED PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the motive force for a propelling means is derived
from a motor which reacts to the undulations on the water
surface or the motion imparted to the vessel by those
undulations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclasses 495+ for motors which depend
for operation on the buoyancy of a fluid or on the vertical
component of tides and waves.
Subclass:
10
By oscillating weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Device wherein
the motor to drive the propelling means consists of a weight
which oscillates due to the undulation of the water surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, and Animal Powered, subclass 29
and 30.
Subclass:
11
POWERED FROM LAND VEHICLE SUPPORTED BY VESSEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a watercraft structure provided with propelling
means and supporting a ground traversing vehicle thereon; the
propelling means being directly driven by a drive connection
with the motive means of the ground traversing vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 60 and 70 for canal and ferry boats.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 35+ for
vehicle rafts, per se.
Subclass:
12
Land vehicle is two-wheel type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Device wherein
the ground traversing vehicle is a bicycle, motorcycle, or
the like.
Subclass:
12.5
SELF-PROPELLED VEHICLE HAVING LAND AND WATER PROPULSION MEANS
(E.G., AMPHIBIOUS VEHICLE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a device which is in contact with a supporting
surface (a) is designed for carrying a passenger, or a load
over a distance (i.e., vehicle), and (b) has means for moving
it under its own power over the supporting surface which is
both on terra firma (i.e., land) and through a body of
water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 11+ for a vessel deriving motive power from a
land vehicle supported by the vessel.
37 for an air propelled boat which is capable of, but not
intended to travel on land.
344 for a boat with a wheeled buoyant landing or launching
aid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, subclass 2.4 for a bridge transportable over
land and water.
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.08 for a self-propelled device for
protecting an ordnance device or ordnance operating
personnel.
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for propelling
means for land vehicles, especially subclasses 116+ for
ground effect vehicles usable over any supporting surface.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 50 for aircraft propulsion and
steering on land or water.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for land vehicles,
per se, and subclass 414.1 for trailers of the boat carrying
type.
Subclass:
12.51
Having separated propulsion means for land and water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.5. Subject matter
wherein (a) the vehicle has a distinct means for moving it
under its own power on land and a distinct means for moving
it under its own power through a body of water, (b) the
distinct means for moving it on land and the distinct means
for moving it through the body of water being spaced apart
from each other.
(1) Note. The distinct means may be connected to a common
axle, such as a wheel and a set of paddles driven by a common
axle, however, the paddles may not contact the ground when
the ground engaging wheel propels the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.66 for wheel-type land propelling means having a blade
integrally mounted on or forming a part of the wheel.
Subclass:
12.52
Propulsion means moveable to stowed position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.51. Subject
matter wherein either the means for moving (a)the vehicle
over land, or (b)through the water is shiftable to a storage
position from an in use position.
(1) Note. To be proper for this and the indented subclasses
the means for imparting a motive force to the vehicle must be
moveable between a stowed and a use position, a wheel or
pontoon which supports the vehicle with respect to a surface,
but is not directly driven is not considered proper and will
be found elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, for a vertically
adjustable motor driven vehicle wheel.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 43+ for a land vehicle
having vertically adjustable wheels, subclasses 414.1+ for
trailers of the boat carrying type, and subclasses 414.5+ for
a trailer having a vertically adjustable wheel.
Subclass:
12.53
Water propulsion means is movable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.52. Subject
matter wherein the means for moving the vehicle through the
water is shiftable to a storage position from an in use
position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 53+, for means for
effecting or facilitating movement of a screw propulsion unit
or a segment of the propulsion unit, and 91, for means to
reposition a paddle wheel assembly.
Subclass:
12.54
And land propulsion means is moveable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.53. Subject
matter wherein the means for moving the vehicle on land is
also shiftable to a storage position from an in use
position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for a vertically
adjustable motor driven vehicle wheel.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 43+ for a land vehicle
having vertically adjustable wheels, subclasses 414.1+ for
trailers of the boat carrying type, and subclasses 414.5+,
for a trailer having a vertically adjustable wheel.
Subclass:
12.55
Operator powered drive for propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.51. Subject
matter wherein the motive force for the means for moving the
vehicle under its own power is derived from the physical
effort exerted by an occupant of the vehicle and is
transmitted to the moving means by some intermediate means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 21+ for operator powered propelling means for a
marine vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for operator
powered propelling means for a land vehicle.
Subclass:
12.56
Flexible endless track propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.51. Subject
matter wherein the means for moving the vehicle under its own
power includes (a) an annular band made either of a single
piece of flexible material or of a plurality of individual
treads or sections movably connected together, (b) the
annular band contacting the land or the body of water and
applying a force thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 95+ for flexible endless track propelling means
for a marine vehicle, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, especially subclass 6.2 for steering by
driving of a motor propelled land vehicle, subclass 6.7 for
steering by driving of a motor propelled land vehicle having
an endless flexible track, and subclasses 9.1+, for a motor
propelled land vehicle having a flexible endless track for
propulsion.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclasses 35+ for a flexible
endless track for propelling a land vehicle.
Subclass:
12.57
Motor driven screw propeller shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.51. Subject
matter wherein the means for moving the vehicle under its own
power includes (a) a device which converts either
nonmechanical(e.g., electrical) or stored energy (e.g.,
fuels) into mechanical energy (i.e., motor), and (b) wherein
the mechanical energy rotates a long generally cylindrical
slender element having connected to it a number of blades so
inclined that upon rotation the blades tend to follow a
helical path through the water and thereby drive the vehicle
in a path parallel to the axis of rotation of the blades.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 49+ for screw propeller-type marine propulsion,
per se.
Subclass:
12.58
By flexible endless member (e.g., belt, chain):
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.57. Subject
matter wherein the long generally cylindrical slender element
is rotated about its longitudinal axis by an annular band
made either of (a) a single piece of flexible material or (b)
a plurality of individual sections movably connected
together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
474 Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems and Components,
appropriate subclasses for endless belt power transmission
systems and components, per se.
Subclass:
12.59
By gearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.57. Subject
matter wherein the long generally cylindrical slender element
is rotated about its longitudinal axis by (a) a toothed
wheel, cylinder or other machine element that meshes with (b)
another toothed wheel, cylinder or other machine element to
transmit motion or to change speed or direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Elements and Mechanisms, appropriate subclasses,
for a gearing arrangement, per se.
Subclass:
12.6
Bevel gearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.59. Subject
matter wherein the toothed wheel, cylinder, or other machine
element has teeth cut into a conical surface located at an
angle to the rotational axis of the wheel, cylinder, or other
machine element that mesh with the another toothed wheel,
cylinder, or machine element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Elements and Mechanisms, appropriate subclasses
for a bevel gearing arrangement, per se.
Subclass:
12.61
Spur gearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.59. Subject
matter wherein the toothed wheel, cylinder, or other machine
element has radially projecting teeth located parallel to the
rotational axis of the wheel, cylinder, or other machine
element that mesh with the another toothed wheel, cylinder,
or machine element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Elements and Mechanisms, appropriate subclasses
for a spur gearing arrangement, per se.
Subclass:
12.62
Operator powered drive for propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.5. Subject matter
wherein the motive force for the means for moving the vehicle
under its own power is derived from the physical effort
exerted by an occupant of the vehicle and is transmitted to
the moving means by some intermediate means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 21+ for an operator powered drive for a
propelling means for a marine vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for operator
powered propelling means for a land vehicle.
Subclass:
12.63
Flexible endless track propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.5. Subject matter
wherein the means for moving the vehicle under its own power
includes (a) an annular band made either of a single piece of
flexible material, or of a plurality of individual treads or
sections movably connected together and (b) the annular band
contacting the land or the body of water and applying a force
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 95+ for flexible endless track propelling means
for a marine vehicle, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, especially subclass 6.2 for steering by
driving of a motor propelled land vehicle, subclass 6.7 for
steering by driving of a motor propelled land vehicle having
an endless flexible track, subclasses 9.1+ for a motor
propelled land vehicle having a flexible endless track for
propulsion, and subclasses 190+ for a motor propelled land
vehicle including a ski-like runner or member and a flexible
endless track for propulsion.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclasses 35+ for a flexible
endless track for propelling a land vehicle.
Subclass:
12.64
Driven by sprocket-type wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.63. Subject
matter wherein the means for supplying motive power to the
annular band includes a cylindrical element having teeth
projecting radially from its circumference.
Subclass:
12.65
Helical screw propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.5. Subject matter
wherein the means for moving the vehicle under its own power
includes blades which encircle a hub and form a spiral along
the length of the rotational axis of the hub (e.g.,
Archimedes screw).
Subclass:
12.66
Wheel-type propulsion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.5. Subject matter
wherein the means for moving the vehicle under its own power
includes (a) either a solid disk, or a rigid circular rim
connected by a plurality of rods to a hub, (b) the solid disk
or rim designed to turn around an axle passed through the
center of the disk or rim, and (c) the disk or rim directly
contacts the land or the body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 90+ for a paddle wheel, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for a motor
propelled, wheeled, land vehicle, per se, and subclass 7.1
for a special driving device therefor.
301, Land Vehicles, Wheels, and Axles, appropriate subclasses
for land vehicle wheels, per se.
Subclass:
12.67
Drum-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.66. Subject
matter wherein the disk or rim is (1) spaced from, (2)
connected to, and (3) rotatable with another disk or rim by a
right circular cylindrical member extending along the axle.
(1) Note. Many of the drums have reacting surfaces integral
with their cylindrical perimeter surfaces which enhance the
transfer of force from the propulsion means to the water.
Subclass:
12.68
Having integral spoke and propelling blade means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.66. Subject
matter wherein the propelling means includes a broad fairly
flat or moderately curved surface that is dipped into the
water and is integral with the rod which connects the hub and
the rim.
Subclass:
12.69
Having propelling blade extending from side of wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.66. Subject
matter wherein the propelling means includes a broad fairly
flat or moderately curved surface which projects parallel to
the axle from a lateral extent of the disk or rim.
Subclass:
12.7
Having peripherally mounted cleat means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.66. Subject
matter wherein the propelling means includes a blade
projecting from or forming part of a radial peripheral extent
of the disk or rim.
Subclass:
13
OSCILLATING PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the motive force for the vessel is produced by a back
and forth movement of the propelling means.
Subclass:
14
Fishtail motion propelling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Device wherein
the propelling means moves through the water with a
side-to-side or whipping motion, generally imitating the
motion of the tail of a fish.
Subclass:
15
Flexible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Device wherein
the reacting surface which comes in contact with the water is
made of a pliant material.
Subclass:
16
Moving wave propeller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Device wherein
the propelling means comprises a structure which undulates in
the manner of a traveling wave.
Subclass:
17
Having nonpropelling cycle segment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Device wherein
the propelling means supplies no motive force on one portion
of its back and forth movement.
Subclass:
18
Piston and cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Device wherein
the propelling means is a fluid motor, the return stroke
normally being the nonpropelling cycle portion.
Subclass:
19
With means to move propelling element to nonpropelling
position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Device wherein a
means is provided to shift the propelling element from its
working position to its nonworking position.
Subclass:
20
With reversing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Device wherein a
means is provided to invert the propelling means in such a
manner that the portion of the back and forth motion which
supplies no motive force and the portion of the back and
forth motion which supplies motive force can be
interchanged.
Subclass:
21
OPERATOR POWERED DRIVE FOR PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the motive force for the propelling means is derived
from the physical effort exerted by the occupant of the
vessel and transmitted to the propelling means by some
intermediate means.
Subclass:
22
Rocking watercraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force of a propelling means is obtained by a
to-and-fro motion of the vessel imparted thereto by the
occupant of the vessel.
Subclass:
23
Fluid pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force is produced by hydraulic pressure acting
directly or indirectly on the surrounding water, which
pressure is produced by an operator powered hydraulic
impelling means.
Subclass:
24
Having reciprocating pull cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted to a propelling means by
means of a strandlike member moved alternately backward and
forward.
Subclass:
25
Sliding handle or pedal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted to a propelling means by
means of a lever operated by either the hand or foot of the
occupant wherein the lever is moving within a guide means.
Subclass:
26
Rotary cranking arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted to a propelling means by
means of a revolving arm or lever.
Subclass:
27
Plural-crank type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted to a propelling means by
means of the rotation of multiple offset segments of a
revolving rod.
Subclass:
28
Having flexible drive shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted from an actuator to a
propelling means through bendable rotating elongated means.
Subclass:
29
Having endless drive member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted from an actuator to a
propelling means through a continuous band entrained about
wheellike guides.
Subclass:
30
Chain and sprocket:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device wherein
the continuous band is a chain and the wheellike guides are
toothed wheels.
Subclass:
31
Including gear means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted from the rotary crank to the
propelling means by means of interengaged toothed members.
Subclass:
32
Lever with connecting linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Device wherein
the motive force is transmitted to a propelling means by
means of a bar that oscillates about a pivot to transmit the
force to a propelling means through an intermediate
connecting rod.
Subclass:
33
TOWING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the propulsion means is a means provided to haul or
pull a vessel in a canal or river or upon the sea or other
bodies of water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclasses 242+ for towing devices other than
propelling means.
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclass 12 for
electric railway systems.
Subclass:
34
Cable system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device wherein
the propulsion means includes the use of a strong strandlike
member or a strandlike member is engaged by a device on the
vessel to pull the vessel through the water.
(1) Note. The strandlike member may be either fixed or
movable. If movable, the vessel is provided with means for
securing the cable thereto, and if fixed, the vessel has
traction means for hauling the cable in and paying it out.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclass 12
when electrical devices are involved.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 264+ for a driven, cable-pulling device
for hauling or hoisting a load.
Subclass:
35
Track system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device wherein
the propulsion means comprises tracks upon which a traction
device or vessel runs.
Subclass:
36
Ground wheel or poler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device wherein
the propulsion means comprises traction wheels which are used
to traverse the bed or bottom of the canal or a long
cylindrical piece of wood or metal attached to the vessel
contacts or digs into the bed or bottom of the canal.
Subclass:
37
AIR PROPELLED BOAT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the propelling means is a fan or bladed member
mounted entirely above the waterline which reacts with the
air to produce the motive force.
Subclass:
38
JET DRIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the motive force is produced by a stream of fluid
forcefully issuing from an outlet of the propulsion means
which reacts with the fluid surrounding the propelling means
thereby causing the vessel to move.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclasses 221+ for reaction propulsion
devices wherein no more structure of the vessel is claimed
than is necessary to mount the device.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass
127.1 and 265.11+ for a reaction motor discharge nozzle, per
se, as defined and limited in (1) Note and (2) Note under
subclass 265.11.
Subclass:
39
Auxiliary use of propulsive fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Device wherein a
portion of the fluid stream may be diverted for a subsidiary
use other than propulsion, e.g., firefighting.
Subclass:
40
Direction control for fluid jet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Device wherein a
means is provided to guide the fluid stream into different
directions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 228 for thrust direction
modifiers for power plants not involving significant vessel
structure.
Subclass:
41
With bucket or clamshell-type reversing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Device wherein
the means to guide the fluid stream is a scoop mounted
exteriorly of the hull and selectively movable to intercept
and redirect the flow of the jet.
Subclass:
42
Pivoted outlet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Device wherein
the means to guide the fluid stream into different directions
is a projecting discharge pipe which can be rotated or
pivoted.
Subclass:
43
Pivoted vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Device wherein
the means to guide the fluid stream into different directions
is a surface across which the fluid moves which can be
pivoted to deflect the fluid stream.
Subclass:
44
Propulsion fluid is pressurized gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Device wherein
the motive force is provided by the ejection of a pressurized
gas such as air or steam.
Subclass:
45
Produced by combustion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Device wherein
the pressurized gas is created as a direct result of the
burning of a substance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclasses 73+ for pumps of the type which
elevate or propel one fluid (e.g., liquid) by the ignition of
another.
Subclass:
46
Having means to prevent clogging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Device wherein a
means is provided to inhibit the obstruction of the fluid
passageway by foreign material.
Subclass:
47
Having means to increase fluid drive efficiency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Device wherein
the discharge pipe can have means to improve the fluid flow
or the flow passage has additional means to improve flow.
Subclass:
48
HELICAL SCREW:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the propelling means consists of blades which
encircle a hub and follow the pattern of a spiral (Archimedes
screw).
(1) Note. Buoyant helical propelling means are also
included in this subclass and not in subclass 98, buoyant
propelling means.
Subclass:
49
SCREW PROPELLER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
consisting of a number of blades so inclined that upon
rotation the blades tend to follow a helical path through the
water and thereby drive a vessel in a path parallel to the
axis of rotation of the blades.
(1) Note. The propellers located here involve more than the
structure of the propeller element, per se, or otherwise are
excluded by definition from Class 416, Fluid Reaction
Surfaces (i.e., Impellers).
Subclass:
50
Variable pitch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein
the angle of attack of the propeller blades can be changed.
Subclass:
51
Combined with rudder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein
the screw propeller is an integral part of the assembly which
includes a vertical blade at the stern of a vessel used to
change the direction of travel of that vessel when in
motion.
Subclass:
52
With vibration dampening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein
means is provided to prevent transmission of shocks to the
rest of the vessel or to attenuate the quivers produced by
the engine, the drive shaft, etc.
Subclass:
53
With means effecting or facilitating movement of propulsion
unit or a segment of the propulsion unit (e.g., tilting or
steering):
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
means is provided that moves, assists in, or allows the
movement of the propulsion unit; this movement may include
rotation about a vertical and/or horizontal axis or vertical
or horizontal transitory movement or a combination thereof.
Subclass:
54
With means limited to vertical movement within hull cavity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move, assist, or allow the movement of the
propulsion unit confines the unit only to movement in a plane
perpendicular to the horizontal, causing the propulsion unit
to move in and out of a hollow space within the hull.
Subclass:
55
Having restraining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein a
means is provided to prevent movement of the propulsion unit
from its normal operating position.
Subclass:
56
With releasing means when propulsion unit hits obstruction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Device wherein a
means is provided to unfasten the restraining means when the
propulsion unit comes in contact with a submerged
impediment.
Subclass:
57
Having gimbal or universal joint support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move or assist in the movement of the propulsion
unit is a mounting upon which the propulsion unit is fastened
which permits the unit to pivot or move freely along three
axes of rotation.
Subclass:
58
Having toothed or threaded member to move propulsion unit or
a segment of the propulsion unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move or assist in the movement of the propulsion
unit includes the interengaging projections of gears or
helical ridges of screws interacting with some complementary
member.
Subclass:
59
Screw type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device wherein
the threaded member is an helically ridged member such as a
threaded rod, worm, etc.
(1) Note. The screw may be fixed either on the propulsion
unit or on the vessel.
Subclass:
60
Rack and pinion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Device wherein
the toothed member consists of a bar with teeth on one of its
sides adapted to engage a gear wheel with a small number of
teeth to translate circular motion to linear motion or vice
versa.
Subclass:
61
Having fluid motor to move propulsion unit or a segment of
the propulsion unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move, assist, or allow the movement of the
propulsion unit includes a pneumatic motor.
Subclass:
62
Having pilant member to move propulsion unit or a segment of
the propulsion unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move, assist, or allow the movement of a portion
of the propulsion unit includes a cablelike member.
Subclass:
63
Having link or lever to move propulsion unit or a segment of
the propulsion unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the means to move, assist, or allow the movement of the
propulsion unit includes an intermediate bar.
Subclass:
64
Having shaft with releasable coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein
the propeller is driven by a shaft composed of plural
sections which are connected together by a separable
connection.
Subclass:
65
With means to lift propeller when an obstruction is hit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Device wherein a
means associated with the propeller is provided to move the
propeller in an upward direction when said means encounters
an impediment.
Subclass:
66
Having means to control flow around propeller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
structure is provided, mounted, or located in the vicinity of
the propeller to regulate the stream of fluid around the
propeller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, for flow control
surfaces when no significant vessel structure is claimed.
Subclass:
67
Nozzle (kort-type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Device wherein
an annular member in the form of a projecting spout
completely surrounds the propeller to control the flow around
the propeller.
(1) Note. These devices differ from a jet drive in that the
propeller is located at the throat of the nozzle and the flow
diverges at the exit. The propeller itself drives the vessel
through the water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for devices wherein a propeller creates a fluid jet which
reacts with the surrounding fluid to drive the vessel through
the water.
Subclass:
68
Hull channel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Device wherein
the means to control the flow around the propeller is an
elongated passageway with an inlet and an outlet along the
longitudinal axis of the hull, the propeller being located
within or proximate the outside of the passageway but always
acting at least in part on water exteriorly of the
passageway.
Subclass:
69
With open bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Device wherein
the lowermost side of the channel is removed.
Subclass:
70
Hull concavity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Device wherein
the means to control the flow around the propeller is a
recess shaped into the hull, generally near the stern, and in
which the propeller is located.
Subclass:
71
Propeller guard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
means outside of a casing for the propulsion unit is provided
which protects the propeller on at least one side from impact
with submerged objects.
Subclass:
72
Cage or screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Device wherein
the protecting means comprises an enclosure or a mesh
surrounding the propeller.
Subclass:
73
Self-clearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
means is provided which is integral with or closely adjacent
the screw itself which prevents fouling of the screw by
seaweed, ropelike objects, etc.
Subclass:
74
Shaft braking or locking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
means is provided to slow or stop the rotation of the
propeller shaft or to prevent the shaft from initial
rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 38+, particularly subclasses
40+ for propeller shaft brakes that involve means for
throttling the steam in response to a marine governor.
Subclass:
75
Having transmission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein a
means is provided which is interposed between the engine and
the propeller for transferring the engine output to the
propeller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for transmissions, per se,
with no specific marine housing or no more than a nominal
load.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for
planetary gear transmission, per se.
Subclass:
76
Propulsion unit casing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device including
a sealed enclosure adapted to contain an engine, shafting, or
interconnecting drive train to supply the motive force to the
propeller.
Subclass:
77
Cowl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Device wherein
the sealed enclosure covers the upper portion of the
propulsion unit, usually covering the engine.
Subclass:
78
Propeller shaft housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Device wherein
the sealed enclosure covers and contains the propeller
shaft.
Subclass:
79
Propeller arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device having a
specified connection to the vessel or a specified
relationship with other propellers.
Subclass:
80
Tandem:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device wherein
the propellers are arranged one behind the other.
Subclass:
81
On single shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device wherein
the propellers are arranged on the same propeller shaft.
Subclass:
82
Supporting strut:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device wherein a
strengthening brace attaches a propeller shaft to the
vessel.
Subclass:
83
Shafting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Device wherein
significance is attributed to a rotating or oscillating
straight bar for driving the propeller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclasses 179+ for a rotary
torque transmitting shaft of general application.
Subclass:
84
ENGINE, MOTOR, OR TRANSMISSION CONTROL MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a means is provided to regulate the engine, or motor
which produces the power for the propelling means or the
power transmission connected to the propelling means.
Subclass:
85
For starter means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Device wherein
the means to regulate the motive engine regulates that
section of the engine which initiates the power production.
Subclass:
86
For transmission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Device wherein
the means to regulate the engine or power transmission
regulates the speed or torque of the transmission which
transfers the force from the engine to the propelling means.
Subclass:
87
For engine speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Device wherein
the means to regulate the engine or motor regulates the speed
at which the engine or motor output rotates.
Subclass:
88
MEANS FOR HANDLING ENGINE FLUIDS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a means is provided to move engine liquids such as
lubricants, coolants, etc.
Subclass:
89
Exhaust gas handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Device wherein a
means is provided to carry away the waste products of
combustion from the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclasses 272+ for power plants with
exhaust gas handling means without significant vessel
structure.
Subclass:
90
PADDLE WHEEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the means to provide the motive force for a vessel is
an engine or motor-driven wheel having a number of planar
water contacting blades extending therefrom.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for paddle wheel-type
devices involving more than the structure of the paddle wheel
per se, or which is otherwise excluded by definition from
Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers).
Subclass:
91
Having means to reposition paddle wheel assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Device wherein a
means is provided to vertically or horizontally adjust the
paddle wheel as a unit for such purposes as steering, etc.
Subclass:
92
Having means to retract paddle or change paddle attitude:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Device wherein a
means is provided to draw a paddle inside the wheel or to
adjust the inclination of a paddle relative to the wheel.
Subclass:
93
Having means to provide cyclic change of paddle attitude
(e.g., voith-schneider):
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Device wherein
the means provided adjusts the inclination of the paddles
through a repeatable series of different inclinations as it
is rotated by the wheel.
Subclass:
94
UPRIGHT REMAINING ORBITING PADDLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a means is provided to move a paddle into and out of
the water, backward and forward, for a power stroke and a
return stroke wherein the paddle is maintained in an erect
forwardly facing attitude at all times.
Subclass:
95
FLEXIBLE ENDLESS PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the means to provide the motive force is a pliable,
continuous member entrained around a series of wheellike
objects.
Subclass:
96
With paddle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device wherein
the endless member is fitted with a paddle.
Subclass:
97
Foldable or retractable to nonpropelling position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Device wherein
the paddles are capable of being bent back upon or withdrawn
into the endless member during the nonpropelling portion of
the cycle.
Subclass:
98
BUOYANT PROPELLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the propelling means itself is capable of floating or
exhibits the tendency to float.
(1) Note. These devices include more than the structure of
the propeller element, per se, or is otherwise excluded by
definition from Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e.,
Impellers).
(2) Note. Buoyant propelling means which is helicoid in
shape are found in this class, subclass 48, helical screw.
Subclass:
99
Rotating outer hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Device
comprising a pair of hulls, one within the other, in which
the outer hull, carrying or acting as the propelling means,
rotates relative to the inner hull.
Subclass:
100
Wheellike:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Device wherein
the propelling means is in the shape of a wheel.
Subclass:
101
OAR OR PADDLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the propelling means consists of a long shaft, used
as a lever, with a broad blade at one end.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclasses
69+ for oars or paddles, per se. For a detailed statement
of class lines, see Class 416, Class Definition, section
III,A.
Subclass:
102
Articulated sectional oar or paddle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Device wherein
the long shaft is composed of interconnected distinct
segments joined together permanently or semipermanently by
means of a pivot connection to operate the distinct segments
as a unit.
Subclass:
103
Having gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Device wherein
the pivoted joints between the distinct segments include
toothed members.
Subclass:
104
Support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Device wherein
a means is provided to hold an oar or paddle on the gunwale
of the vessel.
Subclass:
105
Having outrigger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device wherein
the oarlock is mounted on a structure extending beyond the
gunwale of the vessel.
Subclass:
106
Oarlock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device wherein
a holding means for the oar or paddle is a device providing a
pivot for the oar projecting above the gunwale.
(1) Note. The holding means in this class is normally a
swiveling crutchlike or ringlike device.
Subclass:
107
Having oar shaft restraining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Device wherein
a means is provided to secure the long shaft of the oar
within the oarlock to inhibit unintentional shifting of the
oar from its operative position in the holding means.
Subclass:
108
Separate mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Device which
includes a structure for mounting the oarlock to the boat,
the structure being separate from the oarlock.
Subclass:
109
Socket type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Device wherein
the mounting means comprises a hollow part or piece for
receiving a part of the oarlock.
Subclass:
110
Having guard for oar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device
comprising a collar encircling the oar shaft.
Subclass:
111
INBOARD ENGINE MOUNT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein a means is provided to permanently affix the engine
or motor of an inboard/outboard propulsion system within the
hull.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclasses 637+ for supports for vehicle
motors.
Subclass:
112
Having thru-hull sealing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device wherein
a means is provided which allows the propeller shaft to
pierce the hull, which means separates the engine compartment
from the water to prevent the influx of the water and which
means usually includes bearings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, subclasses 500+ for a dynamic,
circumferential, contact seal for other than a piston.
384, Bearings, subclasses 130+ for a bearing with a seal.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 174
for lubricating, sealing, packing, or specific bearing means
between impeller or shaft and static part.
Subclass:
113
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
not provided for elsewhere but being proper for this class.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
OUTBOARD MOTORS AND OUTDRIVE:
Devices which reveal interesting and distinct features which
are associated with portable outboard motors or the outdrive
section of an inboard/outboard unit.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000