U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 436
CHEMISTRY: ANALYTICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTING
Class Definition:
This is the generic class for:
A. Processes which involve a chemical reaction for
determining qualitatively or quantitatively the presence of a
chemical element, compound or complex in a composition or a
chemical compound, or an element or radical in a compound.
B. Process for analysis which involve an in vitro
antigen-antibody, immunological or protein binding
interaction other than those involving a living antigen, or
enzyme label.
C. Processes of analysis or study of the chemical
properties of a sample; the physiological effect of a sample;
or chemical determination of a physical property of a
sample.
D. Compositions and their mere methods of use of
thermoparticulating compositions.
E. Chemical test standards for A, B, and C.
F. Analytical compositions for A, B or C subject to the
caveat lin Lines With Other Classes, Other Search Notes, "A.
Class 252 Compositions Search," below.
G. Combinations of tests or measurements with methods of
regulating a chemical reaction not otherwise provided for in
a chemical synthesis class or otherwise.
(1) Note. For an elaboration of the distinction between
subclasses 1-146 and subclasses 147-181 which provide for
methods of examining the results of a significant chemical
interaction see Lines With Other Classes, "Classification
Guidelines For This Class," below.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR THIS CLASS
A. Compositions: Standards and Analytical Compositions used
to prepare a sample for chemical testing or to standardize a
test procedure are classifiable in subclasses 8-19.
Subclasses 8-19 will also provide for the process of use of
such standards to calibrate a test procedure but will not
provide for a comprehensive chemical test process including
calibrating and analytical testing of an unknown.
Compositions used for qualitative or quantitative chemical
testing are classifiable with their process of use.
Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly
proper for Class 436 when the compositions are subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems.
B. Testing Processes: Methods of chemical testing or
analysis are classifiable on the basis of the specie tested
for if such specie is claimed or solely disclosed.
Subclasses 147 - 181 provide for processes not limited by
claim or sole disclosure to the concepts of subclasses 1-146.
If placement in subclasses 147 - 181 appears proper, two
cautions should be observed. First, the claim or claims in
question should be scrutinized for the presence of a
significant chemical interaction which is not merely the
application of measuring technique otherwise classifiable in
another class. Second, due to long-standing conflicts and
nonuniform practice in the determination of significant
chemistry, classification in subclasses 147 - 181 indicates
that at least a cursory search should be made of the class
providing for the appropriate technique absent significant
chemistry.
A method of testing for a disease or condition if by claim or
disclosure is a test for a particular chemical specie and
classification is proper in the subclass providing for that
specie.
A test for an extract or factor is properly classifiable in
the subclass providing for the major chemical constituents as
determined by the disclosure or a standard reference work.
A process directed to the analysis of a complex is classified
on the basis of the first appearing member of the complex.
A process testing a flue gas, off gas, combustible gas, or
other gaseous composition for a particular claimed or solely
disclosed species should be classified with that species. A
broad analysis claim should be classified in subclasses 147 -
181.
A broadly recited anion or cation test is classifiable in
subclasses 147-181.
A test to determine the utility or suitability if a sample
for some use or some generalized property (e.g., toxicity,
etc.) is properly classifiable in subclasses 2+.
C. Presumptive Identity: In the absence of a clear showing
to the contrary the following will control classification.
Terms are followed by their Presumed Classification
Term : "acidic" or "basic" component Presumed classified
as: inorganic acid or base
Term : ginsing extract Presumed classified as: saponin
Term : hydrocarbon Presumed classified as: compound of
hydrogen and carbon only
Term : isotopes Presumed classified as: nonisotopic form
Term : marahuana Presumed classified as:
tetrahydrocannabinol
Term : octane test Presumed classified as: hydrocarbon
Term : organo Presumed classified as: hydrocarbon
derivative
Term : "organic compound" Presumed classified as: by
technique in 147 - 183
GENERAL NOTE
The mere presence of a chemical reaction is not generally
sufficient to place a patent in this class. This class
provides for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
chemical compounds, complexes and elements which at some
point involve a chemical interaction. In other words, the
subject matter of this class involves an investigation of
what chemical specie is present and/or how much of the specie
is present or investigates some chemical property of a
sample. The technique used to detect the result of chemical
interaction need not be chemical but may involve a physical,
optical or electrical measurement. No attempt should be made
to apply or generalize the lines of any given class to any
other given class in regard to this class. In any instance
where the line notes use the word significant or nominal this
is especially true and the limits of such terms can only be
determined on a case by case basis in view of an examination
of the patents in the involved class. See References to Other
Classes, below, for the lines between this class (436) and
related classes.
OTHER SEARCH NOTES
A. Class 252 Compositions Search.
This class was created by incorporation of chemical standards
and chemical testing compositions from Class 252, subclass
408.1. The superior subclasses in 252 other than subclass 1
were not screened to remove all chemical test compositions or
standards properly classifiable therein. Thus, when
considering the proper search and classification of a
chemical testing composition Class 252 should always be
consulted. Upon conclusion that 252 does not provide for the
subject composition, the composition is properly classifiable
in this class.
B. Class 424 in vivo/ in vitro line.
Class 436, subclasses 500+ incorporate patents to in vitro
antigen-antibody, immunological, or protein binding tests
formerly classified in Class 424, subclass 1.5 (which no
longer exists) and subclasses 2+. Class 424 continues to
provide for in vivo antigen-antibody, immunological, or
protein binding tests when the final testing or diagnosis
step occurs in or on the living body. A document which
includes the in vivo production of an in vitro test material
or reagent, such as the in vivo production or treatment of an
antigen or antibody used in an immunoassay, will be provided
for the Class 436 (see especially subclasses 543-548).
C. Analysis in combination with other chemical processes.
This class includes tests or measurements of any type claimed
in association with a chemical reaction when the reaction is
not part of a process elsewhere classifiable. Measurements
and tests when claimed in association with e.g., condition
responsive control, etc., chemical processes provided for in
other classes, e.g., 208, 260, 435 etc., are classified in
the class providing for the chemical process.
D. Immobilized peptides, namely proteins, enzymes and
immunologically active species
Immobilized peptides, namely proteins, enzymes and
immunologically active species are classified in Classes 260,
435 and 436 respectively. In the instance where the claims
are directed to a generic immobilization process with or
without species claims to the particular peptides the order
of superiority of placement is 435, 436, and 260 (including
the resin series). Class 424 will take a composition which
may contain any of the immobilized species above as a
composition for the treatment of the living body and will
control placement.
E. Composition class superiority.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, provides for a process of soil
analysis combined with the application of Class 71
composition in response to the analysis.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a process of qualitative or quantitative
chemical analysis of a soil sample.
73, Measuring and Testing, is the generic class for making a
measurement or test of any kind not provided for in other
classes. Class 73 is also the generic class for sampling
processes and apparatus not otherwise provided for (Class 73
provides in Note (3) of the Class Definition an extensive
listing of classes for measuring and testing, per se, and a
sampling).
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for processes of analysis which involve a chemical
reaction and a qualitative or quantitative measurement or
test and such processes including sampling or sample
preparation (For a more precise indication of the line
between this class and Class 73 the line and search notes
indexed in section IV should be consulted).
116, Signals and Indicators, provides for a signal or
indicator wherein the signal or indicator is given by a
chemical reaction, e.g., change in color, smoke, odor etc.
Class 116 provides for a temperature indicator which has a
single temperature indication.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a method of qualitative or quantitative chemical
analysis.
128, Surgery, provides for methods including the use of
claimed specific structure adapted to be placed on or in the
living body and further includes diagnostic or therapeutic
methods and apparatus when the only disclosed utility is for
diagnosis or treatment of a living body.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for methods of qualitative or quantitative chemical
testing including (1) the in vitro testing of a body fluid
which may be diagnostic of a body condition as well as (2)
methods wherein the disclosed utility of a chemical test is
both diagnostic and nondiagnostic.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
provides for processes of chemical manufacture not otherwise
provided for and for a process of chemical testing when
combined with such process. Class 156 particularly provides
for a process of measuring and testing when combined with a
process of etching or laminating.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a process of qualitative or quantitative
chemical analysis of a crystalline material, etching solution
or laminate material.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, provides for a
process of fiber liberation including a step of chemical
testing of the fiber or testing fluid as well as providing
for chemical testing in combination with a paper making
operation.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a qualitative or quantitative chemical test of
fibers, paper or processing fluids therefor when not claimed
in combination with a process of fiber liberation or paper
making.
166, Wells, for a chemical test in combination with a process
of using, making or treating a well where such process
incorporates more than a nominal step in a claim reciting
drilling or treating a well or recovering a fluid therefrom.
The headnotes of Class 166 provide comprehensive listing of
the disposition of well related testing art.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for processes of chemical analysis of samples
derived from wells which may include a step of inserting and
recovering an absorbent material or a nominal step of
drilling or treating a well or recovering a fluid therefrom.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, provides for a process
for boring into the earth combined with a measurement or test
where more than a mere step of boring is claimed.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a process of chemical testing combined with a
nominal step of earth boring.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, provides for a
process of chromatos:graphic separation for separation of the
constituents of mixture.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a process including gas or liquid chromatography
with a colorimetric test of the colored bands or bands from
the chromatography column where a chemically reactive reagent
is necessary to develop the color for the colorimetric test.
250, Radiant Energy, provides for a method of using,
generating, controlling or detecting radiant energy or a
subcombination thereof when not otherwise provided for. This
includes use of X-rays to determine chemical composition or
crystal structure as well as use of a mass spectrometer.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a qualitative or quantitative chemical test
including a step involving the generation, use or detection
of radiant energy. The mere use of a fluorescent material is
not considered to be chemical, at least in regard to Class
250.
252, Compositions, provides for a chemical testing
composition when claimed in combination with a composition
specifically provided for in Class 252 and for physical
testing, analysis, indicating or warning agents or for
physical standards, tracer or identification compositions.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for compositions used in a process of chemical
analysis including tracers, identifying compositions,
diluents, buffers, standards, compositions which simulate or
calibrate a test as well as chemical reactants and
immunochemical compositions for in vitro testing (See the
note on creation of this class for a more complete analysis
of the relation of compositions of this class with other
classes).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, provides for a step of chemically testing or
inspecting some variable condition in a shaped article,
molding material, mold or shaping surface as part of a
process included in Class 264.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a chemical test or analysis of a shaped article
absent a claim to a process of producing the shaped article.
324, Electricity, Measuring and Testing, is the residual home
for measuring and testing electrical properties or the
measuring testing or sensing of nonelectric properties (e.g.,
moisture, pH etc.) by electric means including a chemical
reaction by name only. The presence of any detail to the
chemical reaction is beyond Class 324. In general, a 324
process may result in the identification of a chemical specie
by NMR, ESR, conductivity, impedance, or other electrical
property but only absent a significant chemical reaction in
which case Class 436 will provide for the combination.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will
provide for electrical measuring, testing or sensing when
claimed in combination with significant chemical reaction.
Significant is taken to mean the inclusion of any detail of a
chemical reaction in the claimed process.
340, Communications: Electrical, provides for electrical
indicating and measuring systems which include the use of a
catalytic or semiconductor gas detector.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will
provide for the use of a catalytic or semiconductor gas
detector when claimed as part of a process involving a
significant chemical reaction as part of a qualitative or
quantitative chemical analysis.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, provides for methods and
apparatus for determining the optical or nonoptical
properties of materials or articles by noting the effect
produced by the materials or articles or light associated
therewith. Light analysis includes spectroscopy,
interference, polarization, shade or color and photometers.
The material properties involve crystal or gem examination,
blood analysis, optical pyrometers, oil testing, document
verification, refraction testing, light transmission or
absorption, light reflection, and inspection for flaws or
imperfections in materials.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will
provide for a process of optical examination which involves a
chemical reaction either prior to the optical examination or
as a chemically reactive reagent or indicator necessary to
develop color or produce an optically detectable result.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
provides for an in vivo test which may include a chemical
reaction. Class 424 provides for: compositions (A) for
preventing, alleviating, treating, or curing abnormal and
pathological conditions of the living body, for maintaining,
increasing, decreasing, limiting, or destroying a physiologic
body function, for diagnosing a physiological condition or
state by an in vivo test, for controlling or protecting an
environment or living body by attracting, disabling,
inhibiting, killing, modifying, repelling, or retarding an
animal or micro-organism, (B) for deodorizing, protecting,
adorning, or grooming a body, (C) for fermentates and
extracts for use in A or B and not elsewhere provided for,
and (D) such compositions defined in terms of specific
structure; methods of making the above compositions; methods
of using the class defined compositions for purposes in A and
B; and methods of using compounds, per se, for purposes in A
and B.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for in vitro qualitative or quantitative chemical
analysis including the use of an vitro antigen-antibody
interaction as well as for production of an immunological
test material by treatment of a live animal.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, provides for processes of performing a test or
measurement on an edible combined with an additional
operation for treating, preparing, or perfecting an edible,
with the exception of an additional operation which is solely
involved in perfecting the test or measurement.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for processes of performing a test or measurement on
an edible involving a chemical reaction.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, provides
for a test or measurement involving a microorganism or enzyme
which functions catalytically as well as antigen antibody
tests involving a living microorganism or enzyme label.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
provides for a measurement or test in which an enzyme reacts
chemically, i.e., noncatalytically and antigen-antibody tests
for the identification of chemical species that do not
involve a living antigen or enzyme.
(1) Note. The burden of showing an enzyme is functioning
noncatalytically is on Class 436, i.e., the presumption, as
between Class 435 and Class 436, is that an enzyme in a
testing composition functions catalytically until rebutted.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
subclasses 22-32 for chemical analysis with significant
data processing.
GLOSSARY:
ANTIBODY
A protein of the globulin in type that is formed in an animal
organism in response to the administration of an antigen and
that is capable of combining specifically with that antigen.
Abbr Ab. See also immunoglobulin.
ANTIGEN
A substance, frequently a protein that can stimulate an
animal organism to produce antibodies and that can combine
specifically with the antibodies thus produced; called also
complete antigen as distinct from a hapten. Abbr Ag.
ANTIGEN - ANTIBODY COMPLEX
The generally insoluble molecular aggregate that is formed by
the specific interaction of antigens and antibodies. It is
also referred to as the immune complex.
HAPTEN
A substance that can react selectively with antibodies of the
appropriate specificity but stimulates the production of
these antibodies in an animal only when it is coupled to a
carrier.
IMMUNOADSORBENT
An insoluble material that is used for the purification of
antibodies by adsorbing them from a serum; a gel for trapping
antibodies, or an inert solid to which either antigens or
haptens have been covalently linked are two examples.
IMMUNOASSAY
An assay that utilizes antigen antibody reactions for the
determination of chemical substances.
IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS
A technique for identifying antigens in complex mixtures by
first separating the antigens in one dimension by means of
gel electrophoresis, and then allowing them to react with
antibodies by means of two dimensional double diffusion
through the gel; a pattern of precipitin arcs is thereby
produced. Abbr IE.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN
1. A protein of animal origin that has a known antibody
activity. 2. A protein that is closely related to an
antibody by its chemical structure and by its antigenic
specificity.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
PROCESS OR COMPOSITION FOR STERILITY OR PACKAGE INTEGRITY
TEST:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for determining the effectiveness
of a prior sterilization process or the physical integrity or
a package by means of a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Processes classifiable in this subclass include
monitoring the presence or absence of a sterilizing agent
such as ethylene oxide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
11 for methods and materials for determining the
effectiveness of a sterilization procedure which involves the
use of an enzyme or microorganism.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
2
PROCESS OR COMPOSITION FOR DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL STATE OR
PROPERTY BY MEANS INCLUDING A CHEMICAL REACTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for determining physical state or a
physical property by means of a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Also included in this subclass are processes for
determining the thickness of a coated material by means of a
chemical reaction.
(2) Note. Processes for determining pressure by
nonvolumetric techniques is included in this subclass, i.e.,
via flame ionization.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 64 for a process of surface bonding and/or assembly
combined with a step of determining some chemical property of
the product or a component thereof.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49 for a
chemical test of a property or characteristic of a fiber or
treating fluid when combined with a process of fiber
liberation and subclass 198 for a process of chemically
determining some property in combination with a paper making
operation.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Articles Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 40.1 for a process of Class 264 shaping or
treating which includes a step of chemical treating which
includes a step of chemical testing or inspecting of the
product or shaping surface including a determination of
completeness of reaction.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
3
Leak detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Processes or
compositions for a test in which a chemical reaction is
included in a process for detection of leaks.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are processes for
determining leaks in a closed system, or, equipment failure
wherein the material leaking out of the closed system, or a
tracer leaking from the closed system, is determined by a
chemical reaction, e.g., reaction with a colorimetric
indicator. Examples of closed systems are refrigeration
systems, heat exchangers, tanks, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 40 for physical tests of leakage;
598 and 600 for flaw or discontinuity detection by use of a
vibration.
252, Compositions, subclass 62.52 for a magnetic flaw
detection composition.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, for thermal measuring and
testing.
Subclass:
4
Of crystal or crystalline material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Processes and
compositions therefore in which a physical property of a
crystal or crystalline material is determined by means
involving a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes gross determination of the
crystallinity of a material e.g., polymer, etc., as well as a
determination of the crystal habit of a compound by means of
a chemical reaction.
(2) Note. The loss or gain of a water of crystallization is
considered to be a chemical reaction while other alternations
of crystal structure are not.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 25.35 for the electrical
measuring testing or sensing of piezoelectric crystals
combined with the manufacture thereof.
73, Measuring and Testing, Digest 4 for physical test of
piezoelectric properties.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes of
measuring, testing, or sensing in combination with single
crystal growth.
125, Stone Working, subclass 12 and 13.01+ for apparatus and
methods for cutting crystal which include the step of first
examinating optically and working the crystal for axis
orientation.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 109 for
the electrical testing of a piezoelectric crystal.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 30 for a
process of optical testing of crystals including gems,
piezoelectric and semiconductor crystals which may include
nominal cutting or etching of the crystal.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses, 44 through 50 for the use of X-rays to determine
chemical composition or crystal structure or a process of
X-ray crystallography.
Subclass:
5
Surface area, porosity, imperfection, or alteration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Processes or
compositions for chemically determining surface area of an
object or part of an object; the permability of a surface;
the roughness of portions of a surface; or the alteration of
a surface.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for colorimetrically or
fluorescently determining flaws, imperfections or surface
defects of a metal surface or metal coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 104 for surface roughness
testing.
Subclass:
6
Corrosion resistance or power:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Processes or
compositions for chemically testing the corrosion resistance
of material, the corrosiveness of a sample material, the
presence or strength of a corrosion inhibitor, or determining
corrosion preventing properties.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, various subclasses for methods of
physical determination of corrosion particularly subclass
104.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 53 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
7
By thermoparticulating composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Compositions for
and processes in which a chemical composition decomposes at a
desired temperature to indicate the temperature of some part
of a device on which it has been coated and the decomposition
products are detected chemically.
(1) Note. This subclass will provide for a process use of a
thermoparticulating agent even if claimed in combination with
nominal electrical structure.
Subclass:
8
COMPOSITIONS FOR STANDARDIZATION, CALIBRATION, SIMULATION,
STABILIZATION, PREPARATION OR PRESERVATION: PROCESSES OF USE
IN PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL TESTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Compositions which are used to mimic or quantify the effect,
in a chemical test procedure, of another chemical
composition, or to stabilize, preserve or otherwise prepare a
sample for a chemical test and the processes of use of such
materials preparatory to a chemical test procedure.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses resulted from
the incorporation of Class 252, subclass 408.1, into this
class. The user is cautioned that a claim to a composition
provided for in Class 252 e.g., a lubricant with a test
agent, etc., will be provided for in Class 252 absent a claim
to a test method.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for a
test in which a substance which produces a standardized
result is used in place of the actual specie to be tested
for.
(3) Note. This and the indented subclasses do not provide
for original placement of a process which includes the test
for the actual specie or species of interest.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 408.1 for physical test
standards.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 308 and
317 for the use of a control sample in nuclear resonance
spectrometry and electron resonance spectrometry.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, various subclasses for
use of standards in a process of optical testing particularly
subclass 42, for optical blood standards; subclass 46, for
light standards, per se; subclass 243, for optical
standards generally; subclass 412, for colorimeters which
utilize a solid or liquid transmissive standard; subclass
420, for a colored light source used as a standard and 421
for reflective light standards.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
9
Simulative of a gaseous composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
methods which produce the effect of a gas composition for the
purpose of calibration or otherwise simulating a chemical
effect of the gas simulated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 372 for gaseous compositions,
per se.
Subclass:
10
Particle count or volume standard or control (e.g., platelet
count standards, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
methods in which a chemical composition is designed to
simulate the number of particles in some fluid of interest or
to have a desired volume related property.
Subclass:
11
Blood gas standard or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
processes which simulate the effect of blood in a test for
blood gases.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 blood gas tests absent the presence or use of a standard
or control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 61.65 for testing the settling
rate of liquid suspensions of solids.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, particularly 40 for a
transmissive or reflective optical measurement or test
performed on blood such as statistical counting of blood
component particles, determination of hemoglobin content or
determination of oxyhemoglobin in blood.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for the counting of blood cells or particles one by one.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, 10 for particulate
counters with or without the sizing of the particles
counted.
600, Surgery, for diagnostic methods which utilize light
sensing units on or in the body for the testing or inspection
of blood subclass 309 for a method wherein a physical
characteristic of blood is measured by means placed against
or in the body, e.g., time required for blood to clot,
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white cell count or
viscosity.
Subclass:
12
Bilirubin or uric acid standard or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
processes which simulate the chemical effect of bilirubin or
uric acid to calibrate or standardize a test.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for tests for bilirubin absent the use of a standard or
control.
99 for tests for uric acid absent the use of a standard or
control.
Subclass:
13
Lipid, cholesterol or triglyceride standard or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
processes which standardize or calibrate a test or test
procedure for a lipid, cholesterol, or triglyceride.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a test for lipids, cholesterol or triglycerides.
Subclass:
14
Glucose, ketone, or nitrate standard or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions and
processes which simulate the chemical effect of a composition
containing glucose, ketone or nitrates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a test for glucose.
110 for a test for nitrates.
128 for a test for ketones or ketone bodies.
Subclass:
15
Protein or peptide standard or control (e.g., hemoglobin,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions or
processs which simulate the chemical effect of a protein or
peptide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for a test for a hemoglobin.
86 for tests for proteins or peptides.
Subclass:
16
Blood serum or blood plasma standard or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions or
processes in which simulate the chemical effect of blood
serum or plasma.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 66, 67, 68, and 70, for tests involving blood or blood
fractions.
Subclass:
17
Preparation composition (e.g., lysing or precipitation,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions
which are used to prepare a sample for a chemical test.
(1) Note. Typically the compositions find use in either
freeing the sample from material which would interfere with
the test procedure by lysing or precipitation of the
interfering material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for processes of digestion or removal of interfering
materials as part of a chemical test.
Subclass:
18
Preservative, buffer, anticoagulant or diluent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions
which are added to a sample for a chemical test which
compositions serve to prevent deterioration of the sample,
stabilize the pH, prevent the sample from coagulating, or
increase the volume of the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for a process of stabilizing or preserving a sample for
a chemical test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 380 for preservate compositions
and especially subclass 398 for chemical change inhibitors.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or there is no art class. See note (2) in subclass
113. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly
proper for Class 436 when the compostions are colloid systems
or wetting agents.
Subclass:
19
Inorganic standards or controls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Compositions or
processes which simulate the chemical effect of an inorganic
substance to standardize, or calibrate a chemical procedure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for processes of chemical analysis of metals.
100 for processes of chemical analysis of inorganic acids,
or bases.
182 for processes of chemical analysis of inorganic
compounds.
Subclass:
20
FOOD OR DAIRY PRODUCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or composition therefor wherein constituents or
components of food or dairy products are determined by a
chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Food or dairy products tested under this subclass
includes meat, fowl, fish or seafood, cereal or grain
products, dairy products and beverages.
(2) Note. Foods tested are not limited to those defined by
human consumption.
(3) Note. The constituents or components tested for include
fats, oils, proteins, nitrates, metals, etc., so long as the
claim is directed to the testing of some food or dairy
product. A broader claim not limited to food would be
classified below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for
measuring and testing of physical properties, especially
subclass 169 for testing flour, dough or bread by physical
means.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 231 for processes of performing a test or
measurement on an edible combined with an additional
operation for testing, preparing, or perfecting an edible.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
21
Meat or eggs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Processes or
compositions for testing of animal flesh or of eggs.
(1) Note. Typically the processes of this subclass
determine protein content.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for a process of chemically testing a nonfood material
derived from cellular material of a living body.
86 for processes and compositions for testing peptides,
proteins, or amino acids not associated with a food.
Subclass:
22
Dairy product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Processes or
compositions wherein the products tested are derived from or
include animal milk as a major constituent.
Subclass:
23
Milk or butter fat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Processes or
compositions for testing of milk or butter fat.
Subclass:
24
Wine or alcoholic beverages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes or
compositions wherein the food tested is an ethyl alcohol
containing beverages.
(1) Note. A dealcoholized beverage is presumed to contain
at least a trace of alcohol and is classifiable in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
132 tests for ethanol not forming part of a food or
beverage.
Subclass:
25
GEOCHEMICAL, GEOLOGICAL, OR GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions utilizing chemical analysis for
studying or determining the existence, location of flow of
materials or studying other natural phenomena on, within or
below the earth's crust, or determining components of solids
or ores.
(1) Note. Most determinations are indirect for example
determining metal carbonates, HCO[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt],
Ca[supscrpt]+[end supscrpt], C1[supscrpt]-[end supscrpt],
Mg[supscrpt]+[end supscrpt], as indication of deposits and
will be classified according to purpose of the claim.
(2) Note. The headnotes of Class 166, Wells, provide a
comprehensive listing of well related testing art.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for borehole testing, per
se, wherein the test is not of a purely electrical type or of
a purely magnetic type.
166, Wells, subclass 264, 265+, 268, 336+, and 350+ for
processes which may involve a chemical test when combined
with more than a nominal step of well drilling treating or
recovering a fluid therefrom. A process claiming the use of
an injection and a separate recovery well is considered to be
more than a nominal well treating step.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 323 for
process of geophysical testing or investigation using
electrical properties.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
9 for a process of testing for a mineral, oil, etc., by
means of a microorganism or enzyme.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
26
For metallic ores:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes or
compositions for determining some chemical property of metal
containing ore.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for chemical testing of or for mineral oils or
carbonaceous minerals.
139 for tests preformed on hydrocarbons especially subclass
141 for octane tests.
Subclass:
27
Using chemical tracers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes or
compositions wherein chemical tracers are utilized for
studying or determining the existence, location or flow of
materials within or below the earth's crust.
(1) Note. The tracers used in the processes classified in
this subclass are typically a chemical composition containing
a component that is easily detectable and not normally
present in the material under study.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for chemical tracer compositions, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for processes of geological testing
or irradiation including the use of a radioactive tracer in a
well and subclass 301 for a process of determination of oil
presence contamination or concentration and subclasses 302+
for methods of using tracer which emit radiant energy.
Subclass:
28
In situ testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes or
compositions wherein the testing is conducted within the
earth's crust.
(1) Note. This subclass is limited to processes wherein the
testing device is inserted into the earth's crust.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include inserting an
absorbing medium into a bore hole and subsequently removing
the absorbent and determining the amount of gas/carbonaceous
products absorbed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.07, 152.09, and
152.11 for core sample analysis for making a formation
logging, subclasses 152.23+ for fluid flow measuring or fluid
analysis combined with sampling well fluid wherein the test
is not purely electrical or purely magnetic, and subclasses
863+ for methods and apparatus for sampling liquids not
involving a well, or for soil gas sampling methods and
apparatus.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 59 for
processes of taking solid samples of earth formation combined
with a step of retaining fluid therein, or taking a separate
fluid sample.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for processes of geological
testing, or irradiation including the use of a radioactive
tracer in a well and subclass 301 for a process of
determination of oil presence contamination or concentration
and subclasses 302+ for methods of using a tracer which emits
radiant energy.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for subject
matter relating to the determination of an electrical
characteristic of the subsurface of the earth, and involving
devices in wells.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for compositions and mere methods of use of said
compositions in earth boring and well treating processes.
See Class 166, subclasses 305.1, for a more detailed
discussion of placing fluid into an earth formation.
Subclass:
29
For petroleum oils or carbonaceous minerals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Processes of
compositions wherein oil gas or carbonaceous materials are
sought.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are processes in which
an adsorbent is placed within a bore hole and gas evolved is
collected and then exhausted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for a test for hydrocarbons including methane.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 19.01 for the detection of a
hydrocarbon gas in seawater; subclasses 23.2+ for a
prospecting method for hydrocarbons, subclasses 61.43+ for
detection of oil or hydrocarbons in water, and subclasses
152.01+ for a borehole test which is not purely electrical or
purely magnetic.
Subclass:
30
Removing and testing drilling mud or fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes or
compositions wherein drilling mud or drilling fluid is
chemically analyzed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.04 for drill mud
analysis and subclasses 152.23+ for a process or an apparatus
for fluid flow measuring or fluid analysis combined with
sampling wherein neither the analysis nor the measuring is of
a purely electrical type or of a purely magnetic type.
Subclass:
31
Removing and testing solid samples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes or
compositions where soil, rock, core samples, etc., are
removed from the earth's crust and chemically analyzed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 through 145, for tests for particular compounds not
claimed as evolved from a mineral sample.
139 for tests for particular hydrocarbons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.07, 152.09, and
152.11 for core sample analysis for making a borehole
formation logging wherein the analysis is not of a purely
electrical type or of a purely magnetic type.
Subclass:
32
Analyzing evolved gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes or
compositions where solid samples are chemically treated to
evolve a gas and the gas is chemically analyzed.
(1) Note. The evolution of gas need not be chemical
evolution but includes physical treatment to release
dissolved or otherwise trapped gas from a sample material.
(2) Note. Typically the gases evolved include carbon
dioxide.
(3) Note. The test for the gas absent the evolution step
would be found in subclasses below.
(4) Note. The evolved gas is sometimes condensed and the
condensate is analyzed.
Subclass:
33
Evolving gas by acidification:
Processes or compositions under subclasses 32 where the gas
is evolved by treating or contacting the solid sample with an
acid.
(1) Note. Typically the processes included in this subclass
involve a step of treating the solid sample with a mineral
acid, e.g., H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]SO[subscrpt]4[end
subscrpt], etc., to evolve gas.
Subclass:
34
RATE OF REACTION DETERMINATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions where the change in concentration
of a reactant per unit time or the number of moles of a
reactant converted to products per unit time are measured.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to provide for reaction
rate or kinetic studies.
(2) Note. The term "kinetic" may not occur in the document
in question but there will be a description of a
determination of a time rate of change of some parameter
usually absorbance which is within the meaning of this
subclass.
Subclass:
35
USING ACTIVATED SPECIE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or composition where an unknown specie is
determined by contacting the specie with a material that has
been activated or excited to a metastable state and analyzing
the resulting products or reaction of activated species.
(1) Note. This subclass takes processes in which materials
such as nitrogen, mercury argon, etc., are excited to a
metastable state by exposing the material to high frequency
discharge, microwave excitation, x-radiation, cold cathode
discharges, U.V. lasers, etc., and contacting the excited
material with the unknown(s) being monitored or detected.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include a chemiluminescent
species as an activated species.
Subclass:
36
WITH USE OF CONDENSATION NUCLEI:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or materials wherein water or another liquid is
deposited on the unknown material in the vapor state to
facilitate the optical study of the unknown.
(1) Note. Generally the material in a gas sample is
expanded to obtain a supersaturated condition relative to the
gas and participated by use of water vapor.
(2) Note. Materials examined include ionized particles and
molecular species.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 28.01 for the determination of
the amount of solid matter in the analysis of gases
generally, subclasses 29.01+ for moisture content of gases,
and subclasses 863+ for reciprocating and rotary samplers
involving gases and liquids.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 37, for
particle detection by condensation nuclei, subclasses 335+,
for the determining of the size of particles by optical
methods, subclasses 337+, for particle light scattering
generally including the determination of concentration or
number of particles by statistical methods, subclasses 437+
for transmission tests through gases for the determination of
the concentration of particles present in the gases generally
and visual inspection equipment.
Subclass:
37
TESTING OF CATALYST:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions s where compositions specialized
and designed for use as a catalyst are chemically analyzed.
(1) Note. Processes for chemically evaluating the
effectiveness of the catalyst are included herein.
Subclass:
38
PURITY OF STEAM OR INERT GAS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein trace amounts of unspecified materials in
steam or inert gases are chemically determined.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to provide for
processes which chemically determine the gross amount of
undesired substances present in a sample without regard to
the chemical identity of the undesired substance. If the
undesired substance is named, classification is not proper
herein but should be with the test for the named material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 19.01 for the detection
of a hydrocarbon gas in seawater; subclass 23.2 for a
prospecting method for hydrocarbons subclasses 61.43+ for
detection of oil or hydrocarbons in water and subclasses
152.01+ for bore hole and drilling study.
Subclass:
39
DETERMINATION OF WATER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for determining the presence or
amount of water by means of a chemical reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 75 for a process of
moisture determination by electrical or thermal
conductivity.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
44 for processes in which the humidity of area is controlled
and subclass 44 for use of an electrically conductive
element.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
40
In petroleum oil, hydrocarbon oil, or organic fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes or
compositions for the determination of water in petroleum oil,
hydrocarbon oil, or organic fluid.
(1) Note. See subclass 60 for further search notes relating
to oil testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing 19.01 for the detection of a
hydrocarbon gas in seawater; subclasses 23.2+ for a
prospecting method for hydrocarbons; subclasses 61.43+ for
detection of oil or hydrocarbon in water, and subclasses
152.01 for bore hole and drilling study.
Subclass:
41
By use of a cobalt, copper, or nickel containing reagent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes or
composition in which a cobalt, copper or nickel containing
test material is utilized in a test for water.
Subclass:
42
By use of a karl fischer reagent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Processes or
compositions in which a reagent composed of a solution
including iodine and sulfur dioxide is used to determine the
presence, or amount of water.
Subclass:
43
AUTOMATED CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein sample(s) are analyzed by using
self-operated mechanisms or devices.
(1) Note. Included in the subclass are methods of
controlling the operation of the self-operated analyzing
system, i.e., process control of a chemical test procedure.
(2) Note. Also included in the subclass are the methods of
using the various subcombinations of the self-operated
analyzer. Exemplary of such subcombinations is the method of
aspirating, using aspirating devices of claimed structure
when in such self-operated devices and the use is solely
disclosed as in a self-operated chemical analyzer.
(3) Note. This class does not provide for processes of
automatic or condition responsive control of a chemical
process except in the case (a) where the claims are so broad
as to be unclassifiable in any other chemical class or (b)
where there is effected some chemical test in combination
with a mechanical or class which excludes chemical reactions
or electrical process classifiable in a class which excludes
chemical reactions or (c) where the process is that of
condition responsive control of an analytical chemical test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 863 for a sampling process which
is not claimed or solely disclosed as part of a process of
chemical analysis and the search notes therein for other
classes providing for sampling techniques.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 266-274 for chemical process
control or monitoring systems.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 22
for chemical analysis data processing.
Subclass:
44
Utilizing a moving indicator strip or tape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein the self operated device utilized includes a moving
indicator strip or tape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 66 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
45
Utilizing a centrifuge or compartmented rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein the sample to be analyzed is conveyed in a curvet or
container of a turntable with chemical process stations
located about the circumference of the turntable or a
centrifuge is utilized.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are self-operated
devices where the samples are contained within wells in the
turntable with the turntable mounted in a housing having the
necessary subcombination processing units.
Subclass:
46
With sample on test slide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein the sample is conveyed via a test slide.
Subclass:
47
With conveyance of sample along a test line in a container or
rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein samples to be subjected to testing are conveyed in
containers, or racks containing a plurality of samples along
a pathway along which various physical and chemical processes
stations are located for the quantitative and qualitative
analysis of the samples.
(1) Note. Process stations includes physical and chemical
operations such as aspirating, detecting, mixing, heating,
incubating, analyzing, washing, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 63 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
48
With step of insertion or removal from test line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the sample containers or racks are fed into or out of the
testing pathway.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes where the
containers or racks are fed into or discharged from the
testing pathway at the starting or terminating point of the
testing pathway or processes where a container or rack is
removed from the testing pathway during its processing for
processing at a particular testing station and later
reinserted into the testing pathway for further processing
thereby allowing continuous movement of the testing pathway.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 19.01 and 23.2+ for physical
methods of gas analysis especially subclasses 23.35+ for
chromatos:graphic analysis.
Subclass:
49
With treatment or replacement of aspirator element (e.g.,
cleaning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes where
the aspirating tip or pipette or container is cleaned or
wiped or removed or replaced.
Subclass:
50
Condition or time responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein the operation of the self-operated analyzer is
controlled responsive to a sensed operating parameter or time
sequence.
(1) Note. Control of industrial processes with feedback or
feed-forward control of fluids to or from the process
controlled do not belong in this class. They are classified
with the appropriate synthesis class providing for the
process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 59 for
process of taking solid samples of earth formation combined
with a step of retaining fluid therein or taking a separate
fluid sample.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for processes of geological testing
or irradiation including the use of a radioactive tracer in a
well subclass 310 for a process of determination of oil
presence contamination or concentration and subclasses 302+
for methods of using a tracer which emits radiant energy.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for subject
matter relating to the determination of an electrical
characteristic of the subsurface of the earth, and involving
devices in wells.
507, Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
100 for compositions and mere methods of use of said
compositions in earth boring and well treating processes.
See Class 166, subclasses 305.1+, for a more detailed
discussion of placing fluid into an earth formation.
Subclass:
51
With automated titrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Processes
wherein a titration process is controlled by a condition
responsive control system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes.
Subclass:
52
With a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein a continuously flowing stream of a sample or carrier
fluid is formed and flows into and through analysis.
Subclass:
53
With formation of a segmented stream:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Processes
wherein the continuously flowing stream is segmented by
alternately injecting a sample, reagent or any number of
fluids into a common flow path.
Subclass:
54
With aspirator of claimed structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes where
the self-operated analyzer utilizes an aspirating means of
claimed structure.
Subclass:
55
CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which (a) a process parameter in a qualitative
or quantitative chemical analysis is determined and that or
another process parameter of the analysis is changed in
response to the analysis or (b) a process parameter in a
chemical process is determined by a qualitative or
quantitative chemical analysis and some parameter of the
process is changed in response to the analysis and such
condition responsive control is not other wise classifiable
in the class providing for the chemical process.
(1) Note. In general each chemical class provides for
control of its own processes even when such control is
responsive to a qualitative or quantitative chemical
analysis. To be properly classifiable in this class a
condition responsive control of a process should be
unclassifiable in the class providing for the chemical
process in question.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 (3) Note.
50 for process condition responsive control of an automated
chemical analyzer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 497
for the use of a data processing system or calculating
computer to analyze the results of a chemical reaction which
is only nominally claimed.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 62 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this class.
Subclass:
56
TRACERS OR TAGS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions which utilize a chemical
composition to identify the origin of a material associated
with the chemical composition.
(1) Note. An example of the subject matter of this subclass
would be an explosive composition with additives that are
identifiable chemically and indicate the producer of the
explosive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compostions are colloid systems or wetting
agents.
Subclass:
57
INCLUDING USE OF RADIOACTIVE PROPERTIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions wherein analysis or a chemical
reaction includes measurement of radioactivity.
(1) Note. This subclass includes scintillation counting and
sample preparation by pyrolysis or combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for the chemical testing of radioactive materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
600, Surgery, 407 for methods for detecting radiation
emanating from a radioactive material in the body.
Subclass:
58
Dosage determination of high energy radiation (e.g., use of
an X-ray dosimeter, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes or
compositions which determine by means of a chemical reaction,
the exposure to radiation of wavelengths of less than 1.4 x
10[supscrpt]-7[end supscrpt] cm.
Subclass:
59
Including pyrolysis of radioactive material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes or
compositions which include a step or pyrolysis of a sample
material at least part of which is radioactive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for processes of chemical analysis including a step of
pyrolysis.
Subclass:
60
LUBRICANT, GREASE, MINERAL OILS, HYDROCARBON OIL PRODUCT, OR
FATS OR LIPIDS FOR OXIDATION (E.G., BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS OR
CONTAMINATION, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions in which a lubricant, fat or oil is
tested for oxidation products, for products of the breakdown
of the fat or oil, or for contamination.
(1) Note. These tests include: amount of unsaturated acids
in fats, oils or gasoline; refrigeration oil analysis; acid
and base content; neutralization number; metal content;
antioxidant effectiveness; detergency of lubricating oils;
chemicals in oil; organic solvent tests; oxidation of fats or
lipids.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 28.01 for testing for solid
matter entrained in a gas, subclasses 61.71+ for the testing
of a liquid for sediment or foreign material content where
more than a visual or photoelectric test of the color or the
amount of visible radiant energy transmitted through or
scattered by the liquid involved, and subclasses 53.05+ for
lubricant testing.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 206 for visual
indicators, per se, where no color or other optical
comparison test is involved and for level indicators of the
mechanical type.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 51 for tests
of oil which may involve infrared radiation; subclass 70, for
determining the physical properties of oil by the optical
response produced by visible light transmitted though or
reflected by the oil; subclass 128, for refraction test
devices which may be applicable for testing of oil;
subclasses 364+, for polarization test devices which may be
applicable for testing of oil; subclass 402, for color test
devices which may be applicable for the testing of oil.
432, for transmission test devices particularly particle
suspension tests.
445, for reflection test devices which may be applicable to
the testing of oil.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
61
Acidity, basicity or neutralization number:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Processes or
compositions in which acidity or basicity of a lubricant is
determined.
Subclass:
62
OXYGEN DEMAND (E.G., BOD, TOD, COD, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein oxidizable matter in an aqueous sample
is determined.
(1) Note. Three principle oxygen demand tests are
Biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen demand (COD)
and Total Oxygen demand (TOD). BOD = measure of organic
matter in sample in terms of the amount of oxygen the sample
will consume when organic matter is eliminated. COD =
measure of the organic matter in a sample that is susceptible
to oxidation by a strong chemical oxidant. TOD = amount of
oxygen required when the combustible materials in a sample
burn in the presence of an oxygen containing feed stream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for processes of carbon content determination which
include a step of converting the carbon content of a sample
to carbon dioxide.
146 for processes of determination of total organic carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclass 529 for determination of metabolic
rate by a method which measures the rate of oxygen
consumption of a living body by means contacting or in a
living body.
Subclass:
63
BIOLOGICAL CELLULAR MATERIAL TESTED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the material analyzed is a cellular
material obtained from biological fluids or tissue.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tests on red and white
corpuscles, blood platelets, tissue cells, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include test for clotting
factor, see subclass 69.
(3) Note. Hemolysis tests are classified here.
(4) Note. This subclass does not include sedimentation rate
and hematocrit, see subclass 70.
Subclass:
64
CANCER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions which chemically detect the
presence of cancer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for an immunological test for cancer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.1
for an in vivo determination of cancer.
Subclass:
65
PREGNANCY OR OVULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes s for determining pregnancy or ovulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 54.01 for ovulation tests wherein
the viscosity of the vaginal fluid is measured.
Subclass:
66
HEMOGLOBIN, MYOGLOBIN OR OCCULT BLOOD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process or compositions which test for hemoglobin, myoglobin
or trace blood.
(1) Note. The substances classified herein are often
referred to as peroxidatively active.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclass 368 for methods and apparatus of
measuring a physical characteristic of blood by means placed
against or in the body and subclass 371 for methods of
detecting bleeding.
Subclass:
67
Glycosylated hemoglobin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Processes
wherein glycosylated hemoglobin is subject to a qualitative
or quantitative chemical analysis.
Subclass:
68
BLOOD GAS (E.G., OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, BLOOD pH, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes s wherein gases in the blood are determined.
(1) Note. Blood and pH gases such as O[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], CO and CO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] are
determined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 71.1, 425+, 438,
439+ particularly 446 and 450 for electrical tests performed
on blood such as sedimentation, PH, or blood gas.
Subclass:
69
CLOTTING OR CLOTTING FACTOR LEVEL TESTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions, for performing clotting tests and
factor level tests.
(1) Note. Examples of the tests included here are: P.T.
Prothrombin time, APPT. Activated partial prothrombin time,
T.T. Thromboplastin Test, P.P Prothrombin and Procovertin
Test
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 61.65 for testing the settling
rate of liquid suspensions of solids.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, particularly 40 for a
transmissive, or reflective optical measurement or test
performed on blood such as statistical counting of blood
component particles, determination of hemoglobin content or
determination of oxyhemoglobin in blood.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for the counting of blood cells or particles one by one.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, 10 for particle counters
with or without the sizing of the particles counted.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 73 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
600, Surgery, for diagnostic methods which utilize light
sensing units on or in the body for the testing or the
inspection of blood and subclass 368 for a method wherein a
physical characteristic of blood is measured by means placed
against or in the body, e.g., time required for blood to
clot, sedimentation rate, white cell count or viscosity.
Subclass:
70
SEDIMENTATION RATE OR HEMATOCRIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the sedimentation rate or hematocrit are
determined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 71.1, 425+, 438,
439+ particularly 446 and 450 electrical tests performed on
blood such as sedimentation, PH or blood gas.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
Subclass:
71
LIPIDS, TRIGLYCERIDES, CHOLESTEROL, OR LIPOPROTEINS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for determining lipids,
triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins.
(1) Note. Steroid-broadly recited is classified as a
hydrocarbon in subclass 139. If a steriod is specifically
recited it is originally classified in an appropriate
subclass and crossed into 139.
(2) Note. Estrogen is a steroid lipid and is therefore
originally classified with cholesterol.
Subclass:
72
SILICON CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for chemically testing silicon or
silicon containing organic or inorganic compounds.
Subclass:
73
METAL OR METAL CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions in which the species sought is a
metal or metal containing compound or composition.
(1) Note. Ions are classified with their un-ionized form.
Subclass:
74
Present in biological fluids (e.g., blood, urine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
composition which determine the metal present in a fluid
derived from a living body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for chemical tests performed on biological materials with
intact cells.
Subclass:
75
Oxide or gas content of metal (e.g., determination of
dissolved gases, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions which determine the metallic or nonmetallic
oxide content or determine the included gases in a mass of
metal.
Subclass:
76
Organometallic compound determined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions which determine a compound containing carbon
covalently bonded to metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for tests for hemoglobin.
Subclass:
77
Ge, Sn, Pb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Processes or
compositions which determine the presence or amount of an
organometallic compound of tin, lead or germanium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for tests to determine the lead content of blood.
Subclass:
78
Presence of a component of steel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions for the analysis of components of iron carbon
alloys.
(1) Note. It is conclusively presumed that any composition
denominated steel will come within the definition of this
subclass.
Subclass:
79
Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions for the analysis of lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium,
barium, or radium.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for water hardness tests
even though the hardness is indirectly determined as by use
of a chelating agent.
Subclass:
80
Cu, Ag, Au:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions for analysis of copper, silver or gold.
Subclass:
81
Zn, Cd, Hg, Sc, Y, or Actinides, or Lanthanides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes for
the analysis of zinc, cadmium, mercury, scandium, yttrium or
elements with atomic numbers 57-71 or 89 or higher.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for analysis of metals dependent upon radioactivity.
Subclass:
82
Lanthanide or Actinides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Processes or
compositions directed to the analysis of elements with atomic
numbers 57-71 or 89-103 inclusive.
(1) Note. The Lanthanides are: La (Lanthanum), Ce (Cerium),
Pr (Praseadymium), Nd (Neodymium), II (Illinium) or Pm
(Promethium), Sm (Samarium), Eu (Europium), Gd (Gadolinium),
Tb (Terbium), Dy (Dysprosium), Ho (Holmium, Er (Erbium), Tm
(Thulium), Y (Ytterbium), and Lu (Lutecium).
(2) Note. The Actinides are: Elements with atomic numbers
89-103 inclusive, Ac (Actinium), Th (Thorium), Pa
(Prottactinium), U (Uranium), Np (Neptunium), Pu (Plutonium),
Am (Americurium), BK (Berkelium), Cf (Californium), Es
(Einsteinium), Fm (Ferium), Md (Mendelevium), No (Nobelium),
and Lw (Lawrenceium).
Subclass:
83
Ti, Zr, Hf, Va, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes for
analysis of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium,
tantalum, chromium, molybdenium or wolfram (tungsten).
Subclass:
84
Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes or
compositions for analysis of manganese, technetium, rhenium,
iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium and platinum.
Subclass:
85
SYNTHETIC OR NATURAL RESIN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions, or in which a resin is subjected
to a qualitative, or quantitative chemical analysis.
(1) Note. Resin is defined coterminously with the Class 520
definition.
(2) Note. Measurement of physical property (i.e.,
electrical resistivity) of an on going polymerization process
to obtain optimum operating conditions is classified below
under technique used.
(3) Note. Resin polymer stability tests, i.e., temperature,
light, oxidative, reductive stability, are classified with
the polymer.
(4) Note. A process investigating the hardening time of a
resin is presumed to be a chemical testing process in the
absence of a clear showing to the contrary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for method and materials for chemically determining the
crystallinity of a polymer.
72 for silicon containing polymers.
Subclass:
86
PEPTIDE, PROTEIN, OR AMINO ACID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the chemical specie subject to
qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis is an (1) amino
acid, (2) two or more amino acids residues linked by a
peptide bond, (i.e., amide linkage) or (3) a compound
containing both peptide and saccharide moieties.
(1) Note. A determination of total protein is a
determination of the total albumin and globulins in a
sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for protein
containing coating or plastic compositions, particularly
subclass 4, 31.24, 31.53, 31.82, 31.94, 38.4, 124+, 614, 645,
and indented subclasses.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
especially 400 for a composition of that class in a protein
ingestible capsule.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 63, 92,
105, for edible protein compositions or products and related
process involving the same.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a
nonstructural stock material product in the form of a
composite web or sheet including a layer comprising protein,
and other appropriately titled subclasses (e.g., subclass 435
and 458).
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 68.1
for microbial synthesis of peptides, subclass 106, for
synthesis of amino acids and 91.3 for synthesis of
ribonucleic acids, subclass 6 for tests for nucleic acid.
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 2
for a composition containing peptide or protein.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, 300 for
peptides and proteins and their reaction products.
536, Organic Compounds, for nucleic acids and processes of
chemical synthesis thereof.
562, Organic Compounds, subclass 516 for amino acids
produced from protein.
Subclass:
87
Glycoproteins (e.g., hormones, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
in which a protein or peptide is covalently bonded to a
saccharide.
(1) Note. Glycoproteins classified in this and the indented
subclasses represent only a small portion of glycopeptide
testing processes. Enzymes, immunogoloublins, antibodies and
subcellular parts of cells represent large bodies of art
classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 for tests involving antigens and antibodies many of
which are glycoproteins.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
tests by and for enzymes particularly subclass 23 and 24,
for tests involving proteins and peptides.
Subclass:
88
Albumin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
in which the specie of intent is albumin.
(1) Note. Albumin is a commonly used immunogenic carrier
and such use is provided for in subclasses 500+ of this class
and in 530 subclasses 362+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or
wetting agents.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, 362 for
processes under that class definition involving albumin or
reaction products thereof.
Subclass:
89
Amino acid or sequencing procedure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
in which (a) the specie of interest is an organic compound
that contains both a basic amino group and a acidic carboxyl
group or (b) a process of analysis of a peptide in which the
identity and order of the amino acid residues in the peptide
are determined.
(1) Note. The peptide need not be completely sequenced; a
procedure to determine as few as two units would be properly
classifiable herein.
Subclass:
90
Alpha or beta amino acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
in which a primary or secondary amino group is bonded to the
alpha or beta carbon of the amino acid.
Subclass:
91
HETEROCYCLIC CARBON COMPOUND (I.E., O, S, N, Se, Te, AS ONLY
RING HETERO ATOM):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving the qualitative or quantitative
chemical analysis of a carbon compound which contains a ring
composed of carbon and at least one element from the group
consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or oxygen
and not other atoms.
(1) Note. Included herein are analysis involving
heterocyclic acid anhydrides, lactones or lactams.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
540, through 549, Organic Compounds, for processes of
synthesis of heterocyclic carbon compounds.
Subclass:
92
Diverse hetero atoms in same or different rings (e.g.,
alkaloids, opiates, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
in which (a) a single carbon ring has more than one diverse
hetero atom or (b) a fused- or bridged-ring system has
diverse hetero atoms in one or more of the carbon rings.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for (a) alkaloids which
include opiates such as morphine, codeine, strychnine,
quinine, cocaine, and nicotine and (b) phenothazines such as
chlopromazine, trifluoperazine, and triflupromazine.
Subclass:
93
Hetero-O (e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
in which the hetero ring contains only oxygen as the hetero
atom.
(1) Note. Included herein are tests for the active
constituents of the cannabis drugs, i.e., derivatives of
cannibinol especially tetrahydrocannabinol. Broadly claimed
tests for marihuana are included herein in the absence of a
clear showing that the test is for a nonhetero-O containing
derivative of cannabinol, typically a hydroxyl or carboxylic
acid substituted hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
94
Saccharide (e.g., DNA, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter
in which the substance subjected to chemical analysis is or
contains a saccharide.
(1) Note. A sugar or carbohydrate is presumed to be a
saccharide.
Subclass:
95
Glucose:
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter
in which the saccharide is glucose.
Subclass:
96
Hetero-N:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
in which the hetero ring contains only nitrogen as the hetero
atom.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for hetero rings with
multiple nitrogen ring atoms as well as ring system with
nitrogen in diverse rings.
(2) Note. Paraquat and phencyclidine would be provided for
in this subclass as would nicotine or nicotinic acid.
Subclass:
97
Bile pigment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
the degradation products of heme are detected.
(1) Note. Bile pigments include: bilirubin,
dihydrobilirubin, Mesobilirubin, urobilin, urobilinogen,
urobilin and stercobilin.
Subclass:
98
Plural nitrogen in the same ring (e.g., barbituarates,
creatinine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
in which the compound to be analyzed contains a hetero ring
with two or more nitrogen atoms as members of the same ring.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for (a) barbituric acid
derivatives including dephenylhydantoin, phenobarbital,
secobarbital, pentobarbital, amobarbital, aprobarbital and
thiopental and (b) paraquat.
Subclass:
99
Uric acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
wherein the specie of interest is triketopurine.
Subclass:
100
INORGANIC ACID OR BASE (E.G., HC1, SULFURIC ACID, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing for mineral acids or bases.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to provide for tests
for simple inorganic acids such as sulfuric and nitric, etc.
Many elaborate theories of acidity and basicity exist, if to
classify a document herein one of these theories is used,
classification herein is incorrect.
Subclass:
101
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
which contains, chorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine or
astatine.
Subclass:
102
Sulfur containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein the acid determined contains sulfur.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for compositions and processes for determination of
sulfur dioxide which may include aqueous solutions thereof.
Subclass:
103
PHOSPHORUS CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the compound or composition to be
investigated is or contains phosphorus.
Subclass:
104
Organic (e.g., chemical warfare agents, insecticides, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
in which the compound containing phosphorus is organic.
(1) Note. See subclass 133 for a definition or organic.
(2) Note. This subclass primarily provides for insecticides
and chemical warfare agents e.g., G agents,
anticholinesterase agent, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a qualitative or quantitative tests for phospholipids
especially lecithin.
Subclass:
105
Of inorganic phosphorus compound in body fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
involving a quantitative or a qualitative test for inorganic
phosphorus in a fluid produced by or taken from the body.
(1) Note. Typically the body fluid is blood serum.
Subclass:
106
NITROGEN CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the compound or composition to be
investigated is or contains nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for proteins, peptides and amino acids.
94 for nitrogen containing saccharides.
96 for nitrogen containing hetero compounds.
Subclass:
107
N-Nitroso containing (e.g., nitrosamine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the nitrogen containing species is the
radical=N-NO.
Subclass:
108
Urea or blood urea nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which a test is directed to a qualitative or quantitative
test for N[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] - CO - N[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt] or is directed to a determination of blood urea
nitrogen.
Subclass:
109
Cyanide or isocyanide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the specie to be determined contains the - C=N or -
N=C radical.
Subclass:
110
Nitrite or nitrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the specie determined is (1) a salt of nitric acid,
or compound containing the radical -NO[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt] or (2) a salt of nitrous acid or a compound
containing the radical -NO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt].
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for nitrogen oxide
gases.
Subclass:
111
Amine and quaternary ammonium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the specie to be determined contains an amino
group.
(1) Note. Amines R is an organic radical
Primary = H[subscrpt]2N[end subscrpt]r; Secondary = R H N R
(imines); Tertiary = R[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]NR; Quaternary
= R[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]NOH (ammonium) Amide
-CONH[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]
(2) Note. This subclass would provide for aralkylamines
such as amphetamine, methamphetamine, methadone, propxyphene,
and methaquaone.
Subclass:
112
Tertiary amine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter
in which the specie tested for is NR[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt]
where R is an organic radical.
Subclass:
113
Ammonia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the specie tested for in NH[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt].
Subclass:
114
Total nitrogen determined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the total quantity of nitrogen present in a sample
is determined without regard for the specific identity of the
compound which contains the nitrogen.
Subclass:
115
As part of an elemental analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
in which the total nitrogen content is determined as part of
an elemental analysis in which at least one other element is
quantitatively determined.
Subclass:
116
Oxides of nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
in which the specie to be tested is composed solely of
nitrogen and oxygen.
Subclass:
117
Only nitrogen dioxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
in which nitrogen dioxide is the only nitrogen oxide
determined.
(1) Note. NO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] may be in admixture
with other gases NO[subscrpt]x[end subscrpt],
CO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt],
etc., but is the only gas quantitatively detected.
Subclass:
118
Both nitrogen oxide and dioxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
in which both nitric and nitrous oxide are determined.
Subclass:
119
SULFUR CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the compound or composition to be
investigated is or contains sulfur.
(1) Note. As used herein sulfur oxide includes gaseous
sulfur dioxide and its aqueous solution but does not include
sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid or its salts which are
classified in subclass 102 above.
(2) Note. This subclass is intended to provide for tests
for "sulfur radicals", e.g., sulfate, etc., for a
determination of the total sulfur present without reference
to the particular compound or radical containing the sulfur.
Subclass:
120
Organic or sulfhydryl containing (e.g., mercaptan, hydrogen
sulfide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
in which (1) an organic sulfur containing specie or (2) a
specie containing the -Sh radical is sought by qualitative or
quantitative chemical analysis.
(1) Note. The sulfhydry radical is -SH and thus includes
mercaptans and thiois, and hydrosulfides.
(2) Note. See subclass 133 for a definition of organic.
(3) Note. This subclass provides for hydrogen sulfide and
mercaptan tests. These tests are also referred to as
sulfhydryl or hydrosulfide test.
Subclass:
121
Only hydrogen sulfide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
in which the only test perferred for a sulfur compound is for
hydrogen sulfide.
(1) Note. H[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]S can be in admixture
with other gases but is the only gas detected or determined.
Subclass:
122
Sulfur dioxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
in which SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], per se, is the specie
which is subject to a quantitative or qualitative chemical
analysis.
Subclass:
123
Total or elemental sulfur:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
in which (1) the total sulfur content of a sample is
determined or (2) the total elemental sulfur is determined.
(1) Note. The total sulfur may be in the form of a variety
of sulfur compounds but are included herein where there is no
analysis for their identity, with only the total amount
determined.
(2) Note. Total sulfur can be sulfur content of organic
and/or inorganic materials.
Subclass:
124
HALOGEN CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the compound or composition to be
investigated is or contains halogen.
Subclass:
125
In aqueous solution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
in which the specie investigated is in an aqueous solution.
(1) Note. An aqueous solution includes body fluids.
Subclass:
126
Carbon containing compound (e.g., vinylchloride, etc.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the specie to be investigated is a
compound containing halogen, carbon and hydrogen.
Subclass:
127
OXYGEN CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the compound or composition to be
investigated is or contains oxygen.
Subclass:
128
Carbonyl, ether, adehyde or ketone containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
in which the specie to be investigated contains R-C=O, R-O-R,
RCHO or RCOOH.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclass will provide for
tests for fatty oils and higher fatty acids, i.e.,
C[subscrpt]7[end subscrpt][supscrpt]+[end supscrpt].
(2) Note. A ketone body test is classified here even
through acetone is specifically disclosed as the ketone
body.
Subclass:
129
Carboxylic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
in which the specie to be investigated contains a carboxylic
acid functional group.
(1) Note. Acetic acid and salicyclic acid are classifiable
herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 and 90, for chemical tests for amino acids.
Subclass:
130
Formaldehyde or acetone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
in which the specie investigated is H CHO or
CH[supscrpt]3[end supscrpt] CO CH[supscrpt]3[end supscrpt].
Subclass:
131
Hydroxyl containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
in which the investigated specie contains a hydroxyl group
i.e., R-OH.
(1) Note. Glycerol and glycerine are synonymous with 1, 2,
3 propanetriol. Glucose is a saccharide classifiable in
subclass 95.
Subclass:
132
Ethanol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
in which the specie investigated is ethanol.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclass 532 for methods of qualitative or
quantitative analysis of a particular component of the breath
by means placed against or in the body.
Subclass:
133
Inorganic carbon compounds:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
in which there is a qualitative or quantitative chemical test
for inorganic compound of carbon.
(1) Note. Organic compounds are compounds containing carbon
which are further characterized by the presence of two carbon
atoms bonded together or one atom of carbon bonded to at
least one atom of hydrogen or halogen or one atom of carbon
bonded to one atom of nitrogen by a single or double bond.
Subclass:
134
Carbon monoxide only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter
in which the only chemical specie tested for is carbon
monoxide.
Subclass:
135
Ozone or peroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
in which the qualitative or quantitative chemical test is for
O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt] or for an organic or inorganic
peroxide.
Subclass:
136
Molecular oxygen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
in which there is a qualitative or quantitative test for
molecular oxygen.
Subclass:
137
Fuel/air mixture or exhaust gas analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter
in which the fluid tested for the presence of molecular
oxygen is either a fuel/air mixture or the exhaust gas from
some process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for analysis of gas streams for their nitrogen oxides
content.
134 for analysis of gas streams for their carbon monoxide
content.
143 for analysis of gas streams for the residual hydrocarbon
content, flammability or hydrogen or hydrocarbon content in
an air/fuel mixture.
Subclass:
138
Dissolved or trace oxygen or oxygen content of a sealed
environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter
in which the molecular oxygen is present (a) dissolved in a
liquid (b) is denominated as a trace, residium, etc. or (c)
in which the test is directed to the detection of the oxygen
content of a confined space which is isolated from the
atmosphere.
Subclass:
139
HYDROCARBON:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which there is a qualitative or
quantitative chemical analysis of compounds which consist of
carbon and hydrogen only.
(1) Note. Coal has arbitrarily been classified as a
hydrocarbon.
(2) Note. A claim broadly reciting "organic compound" with
a shotgun disclosure is originally classified on the basis of
analysis technique in subclasses 147 through 181 and
desirably cross-referenced to this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for determination of BOD, COD or TOD which may include
the detection of hydrocarbons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 19.01 for the detection of
hydrocarbon gas in seawater; subclasses 23.2+ for a
prospecting method for hydrocarbons; subclasses 61.43+ for
detection of oil or hydrocarbons in water and subclass 152.01
for bore hole and drilling study.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes, especially subclass 787 for
electrolytic determination of an organic compound.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 301 for methods involving
radiant energy for determination of oil presence,
contamination or concentration.
Subclass:
140
Aromatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
in which the qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis
is for a compound containing one or more aromatically
unsaturated rings.
Subclass:
141
Acyclic (e.g., methane, octane, isoparaffin, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
in which the hydrocarbon is linear.
(1) Note. Octane and gasoline tests are classifiable here.
Subclass:
142
Unsaturated (e.g., ethylene, diene, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
in which the hydrocarbon possesses one or more double or
triple bonds between two or more carbon atoms.
Subclass:
143
Total hydrocarbon, flammability, combustibility (e.g.,
air-fuel mixture, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter
in which (a) the total hydrocarbon content of a sample is
determined without regard to the identity of the hydrocarbon
or (b) the flammability or combustibility of a mixture is
determined, or (c) a combustible gas test.
(1) Note. A test broadly claimed as for combustible content
should be originally classified in subclasses 147+ and
desirably cross-referenced here if a hydrocarbon is
disclosed.
Subclass:
144
HYDROGEN, PER SE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the test is for molecular hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for hydrogen ion content test, i.e., pH.
Subclass:
145
CARBON CONTAINING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which elemental carbon content or presence
is determined.
Subclass:
146
In an aqueous solution, (e.g., TOC, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject
matter, in which the carbon content of a aqueous solution is
determined.
Subclass:
147
MEASUREMENT INCLUDES TEMPERATURE CHANGE OF THE MATERIAL BEING
ANALYZED (E.G., CALORIMETRY, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein temperature changes occurring when a
material to be analyzed is chemically reacted are utilized as
the basis for qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for processes of
calorimetry wherein the heat of reaction of a material is
used to qualitatively or quantitatively identify a material,
mere determination of heat of formation of a known compound
is provided for in Class 73, Measuring and Testing.
(2) Note. In general the calorimetry found in this Class
436 will involve the chemical combination of a chemical
constituent with another to determine the amount or identity
of one reactant.
(3) Note. Although burning a combustible material is
technically a chemical reaction, it has not for purposes of
classification been considered "chemical". Thus, a process
of combustion followed by analysis of the results may be
found in Classes 73, 250, 324, and 356 on the basis of the
analysis technique.
(4) Note. The determination of amount of a chemical species
is presumptively a chemical analysis in the absence of a
showing that the materials are identified by physical tests
alone.
(5) Note. This subclass does not provide for a process
wherein the temperature sensor or a portion thereof reacts
with the material to be analyzed, such as a process wherein
the properties of a conductor or semiconductor are chemically
altered in an analysis with a corresponding change in
electrical properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for a process of chemical analysis utilizing a catalyst
coated temperature responsive electric element and the search
notes thereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 25.01 for a method of gas
analysis by electrical thermal determination.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 311 for methods which
include heating, burning or otherwise stimulating a sample to
cause emission of radiation for optical analysis including
burning, resistance heating, flame and high frequency
fields.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 31 for processes for
calorimetrically determining the amount of a constituent in a
compound or the heat of chemical combination where such
process involve no more than a determination of the heat
evolved by combustion of the material under test.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 51 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
148
MEASUREMENT INCLUDES CHANGE IN VOLUME OR PRESSURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the basis of analysis is a change in
volume or pressure caused by chemical reaction.
Subclass:
149
MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL OR MAGNETIC PROPERTY OR THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein electrical, or magnetic properties or
thermal conductivity.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for mere use of a
thermocouple to detect a temperature change, such tests being
classified in this class, subclass 147.
(2) Note. Thermal conductivity is a physical property and
classification in this subclass requires the combination
thereof with a chemical reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 25.01 for a method of gas
analysis by electrical thermal determination.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 425 and 71.1+ for
processes for the determination of nonelectric properties by
measuring electric properties particularly subclass 71.5 for
the use of a semiconductor which is of itself chemically
reactive.
Subclass:
150
Of a liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein an electric or magnetic property of a liquid is
determined.
Subclass:
151
By means of a solid body in contact with a fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the changes in an electric or magnetic property of a
solid in physical contact with the fluid to be determined
provides the basis for analysis.
(1) Note. Physical contact includes chemical reaction with
a material as well as mere adsorption.
(2) Note. Solid body includes a confined mass of particles
whose electric or magnetic properties are determined as well
as a structural device.
(3) Note. Thermal conductivity measurement is classified in
149 since the measurement is not based on chemical reaction
or absorption with the solid but upon the cooling effect of
the fluid on the solid element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 19.01 and 23.2+ for physical
methods of gas analysis, especially subclasses 23.35+ for
chromatos:graphic analysis.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for electrical wave energy processes and
apparatus. See the References to Other Classes section of
the Class 204 definition for an explanation of the class line
between Class 436 and Class 204.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes.
340, Communications: Electrical, 632 for electrical
indicating or measuring systems which include the use of a
semiconductor gas detector.
Subclass:
152
Solid body contains a combustion catalyst:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter
wherein the material to be analyzed undergoes combustion in
contact with a catalyst containing temperature-responsive
element whose change in electrical property is a basis for
the analysis.
(1) Note. Mere recital of a catalyst without combustion
being indicated goes in subclass 151.
Subclass:
153
Of an ionized gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein an electric or magnetic property of an ionized gas is
measured as a step in analysis.
(1) Note. The gas may be the result of heating a liquid
sample.
(2) Note. Wave or particle radiation as well as use of
electric discharge to ionize the gas is included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 311 for methods which
include heating, burning or otherwise stimulating a sample to
cause emission of radiation for optical analysis including
burning, resistance heating, arc heating, flame and high
frequency fields.
Subclass:
154
Flame ionization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter
wherein basis for analysis is the change in conductivity of a
standard flame by inclusion therein of a gaseous material to
be analyzed.
(1) Note. The standard flame is usually hydrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 54 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
155
PYROLYSIS, COMBUSTION, OR ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CONVERSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the material to be analyzed is (1)
heated either in the presence or absence of oxygen to cause a
chemical reaction or (2) thermally decomposed.
(1) Note. Elevated temperature conversion is construed to
be more than mere heating to increase or optimize reaction
rate, e.g., the conversion will not occur unless performed at
an elevated temperature.
(2) Note. On combustion in general: a process of
combustion is not considered to be a chemical reaction,
however, a quantitative reaction with oxygen or an oxygen
containing gas in a test for a chemical specie is taken to be
more than mere combustion and is considered to be a chemical
test.
(3) Note. This subclass will provide for methods of sample
preparation by combustion or pyrolysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 311 for methods which
include heating burning or otherwise stimulating a sample to
cause emission of radiation of optical analysis including
burning, resistance heating, arc heating, flame and high
frequency fields.
Subclass:
156
Explosibility:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter
wherein the susceptibility to explosive detonation of a
material is utilized to make a qualitative or quantitative
determination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for octane and gasoline tests.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for a process of testing
explosive or motor fuels to measure or test detonation or
knock characteristics; subclass 36 for testing illuminating
fluids to determine flash point; and subclass 167 for methods
of testing ordinance or projectiles.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, subclass
109.6 for processes of making explosive charges.
Subclass:
157
Multiple stages of heating or heating at multiple
temperatures or application of temperature gradient:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter
wherein the material is subjected to plural heating
temperatures in one or more zones or to a varying temperature
in a single zone.
(1) Note. Preheating of the material is construed to be a
stage of heating and is the subject matter of this subclass.
(2) Note. Heating that is continuously varied, e.g., a
temperature gradient, would be classified here.
Subclass:
158
Dividing or separating a sample stream:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
a sample stream is divided into portions.
(1) Note. The sample stream may be divided before or after
pyrolysis, combustion or high temperature conversion.
(2) Note. The division or separation may be volumetric or
dependent upon composition e.g., chromatography, cold trap,
etc.
Subclass:
159
With catalyst or accelerator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter
wherein the pyrolysis, combustion or high temperature
conversion is effected in the presence of a catalyst or
accelerator.
Subclass:
160
Combustion with oxygen containing gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes
wherein the material to analyzed is subjected to combustion
in the presence of an oxygen containing gas.
(1) Note. Combustion with pure oxygen is included herein.
Subclass:
161
INCLUDING CHROMATOGRAPHY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes and compositions in which the result of a chemical
reaction is subjected to chromatos:graphic separation or
analysis is carried out by chromatography using a
chromophore.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 61.62 for methods of liquid
chromatography which do not involve a chemical reaction;
subclasses 54.01+ for viscosity measuring methods; subclasses
64.45+ for measurement of vapor pressure; subclasses 64.47+
for measurement of osmotic pressure; subclasses 64.48+ for
measurement of surface tension.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 82 for processes of gas
separation using chromatography.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 656 for
chromatography columns for generic fluids or liquids when
there is no analysis of the displaced liquid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 409 for a process
including liquid or gas chromatography wherein a fluid
substance, a solute in a solvent, or a miscible liquid is
examined by a transmissive light test to furnish quantitative
or qualitative determination with respect to chemical
composition of the material analyzed in the absence of a
color development reaction.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for analytical
apparatus involving chromatography or a colorimeter wherein a
reactive reagent is used to develop color.
Subclass:
162
Utilizing paper or thin layer plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Processes or
compositions in which the sorbent comprises a fibrous web or
a thin coating of sorptive material or a flat substrate and
wherein separation occurs along the plane of the web or
coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 658 for a
process of paper or thin layer chromatography without the use
of a chromophore to separate a material into its
constituents.
Subclass:
163
INCLUDING TITRATION OR pH DETERMINATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the combining capacity of a substance
with a reagent is measured or the hydrogen ion concentration
is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 19.01 and 23.2+ for physical
methods of gas analysis, especially subclasses 23.35+ for
chromatos:graphic analysis.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
electrolytic analysis and testing apparatus, especially
subclass 433 for electrolytic apparatus used to measure
carbon or pH.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes, especially subclass 787.5 for
analysis or testing to determine pH by electrolysis and
subclass 788.5 for electrolytic analysis or testing involving
titration.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 438 for a
process which uses an electrical device to determine the
hydrogen ion concentration absent any step involving a
chemical reaction.
600, Surgery, subclass 309 for a method of measuring pH of a
body fluid on, or in the living body.
Subclass:
164
OPTICAL RESULT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the basis for analysis is an optical
result of a chemical reaction that is measured mechanically
or visually, e.g., photometer, colorimeter, by human sight,
etc.
(1) Note. On disposition of optical examination techniques:
See the Search Class notes below for the lines between
optical areas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, for mechanical scales and gauges
which may be part of optical measuring systems.
73, Measuring and Testing, 23.35 and 61.52+ for methods and
apparatus for examining the band or bands of the
chromatography column to determine the quantity, quality, or
the substances of the band or bands in a gas or liquid
chromatography test.
Class 73 provides for measuring and testing which may include
optical measuring and testing, combined with some nonoptical
limitation beyond the scope of Class 356, Optics: Measuring
and Testing and specifically provided for in Class 73.
Specific provision exists in Class 73 when the measurement or
test is of the type provided for by the subclasses of Class
73. For example, Class 73, subclasses 23.35+ provides for
gas chromatography involving color determination of the Class
356 type together with some manipulation of the gas beyond
the scope of Class 356. Again Class 73 subclasses 116+
provides for engine testing involving optical tests of the
Class 356 type together with some mechanical manipulation of
the parts beyond the scope of Class 356. In general Class 73
provides for measuring and testing of the type indicated by
its subclass titles and definitions which may include optical
steps together with other mechanical measuring and testing
steps beyond the scope of Class 356. There are some patents
presently in Class 73 which relate to measuring and testing
as there provided, but which claim only optical subject
matter within the scope of Class 356. Combinations of optical
measuring or testing with other structure or methods is
classified in Class 356 if no provision for such combination
exists elsewhere.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 82 for processes of gas
separation using chromatography in which no analysis is made
of the colored band or successive bands of the chromatography
test.
116, Signals and Indicators, 200 provides for mechanical
indicators which may be part of optical measuring systems.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for chromatography
columns for generic fluids or liquids when there is no
analysis of the electrolyte or displaced liquid.
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocell circuits and
apparatus.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 523 provides for
photosensitive discharge devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for electrical
indicating and measuring devices which may be part of optical
measuring systems.
340, Communications: Electrical, for electrical indicating
and measuring devices which may be part of optical measuring
systems.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, see the search note to
Class 73 in this section.
359, Optics: Systems, for optical elements which may be used
in measuring and testing apparatus. The conventional optical
element such as lenses, prisms and mirrors are there. 436
relating to scale or indicia reading should be particularly
noted.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for analytical
apparatus involving chromatography or a colorimeter wherein a
reactive reagent is used to develop color.
Subclass:
165
With claimed manipulation of container to effect reaction or
use of container of claimed optical structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein the chemical reaction takes place in a container that
is claimed as manipulated in some manner to effect the
reaction or is claimed as constructed so as to facilitate
optical examination.
(1) Note. The manipulation is usually to improve or enhance
the reading of the optical result.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for chemical testing by automated analysis which may
include optical examination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 246 for fluid
containers, e.g., cells or cuvettes, not claimed as part of a
chemical analysis process.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 58 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
166
Including reagent preparation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
including a step of preparing a reagent to be utilized in the
chemical reaction to be optically analyzed.
(1) Note. Preparation includes a specifically recited step
of reagent manipulation or transfer, or reagent production
for an immediate use (in situ generation) of subsequent
analysis.
(2) Note. For purposes of cross-referencing reagent
preparation by electrolytic action should be placed here.
Subclass:
167
Including gas absorption in liquid or solid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
including absorption or adsorption of gaseous materials by a
liquid or solid media which is in turn optically examined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 wherein chromatography is utilized as a step in an
analysis without the requirement that the basis for analysis
be an optical result in the liquid or solid media. Also note
the search class notes to Class 95, Gas Separation:
Processes, therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 90 for processes of gas
separation using solid sorption, per se, and subclasses 149+
for processes of gas separation using liquid contacting, per
se.
Subclass:
168
Liquid sorbent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous material to be analyzed flows into a
liquid resulting in an optically detected reaction.
Subclass:
169
With reagent in absorbent or bibulous substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein the material to be analyzed is reacted with a reagent
contained in absorbent or bibulous carrier or substrate.
(1) Note. Included herein are a dip-stick, test paper,
wick, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass is not intended to be a catch-all
for test substrates. Cross-referencing is not mandatory in
this subclass when claims are classifiable in subclasses 1 to
146 and merely perform the test on an impregnated substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for processes of optical detection including reagent
preparation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 56 for
equivalent apparatus.
Subclass:
170
Plural superposed layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Processes
wherein the absorbent or bibulous carrier or substrate
includes plural superposed layers, and wherein the material
to be analyzed flows between at least two layers.
(1) Note. Mere support of an absorbent or bibulous carrier
or substrate on a support is not included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 60 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
171
Spectrum analysis (e.g., flame photometry, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes
wherein the basis of chemical analysis is spectral lines or
bands.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 303 and 311+ for
heating or combination of a sample and the spectros:graphic
analysis of the heated sample.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 22
for chemical analysis data processing, particularly
subclasses 27+ for molecular structure or composition
determination.
Subclass:
172
With fluorescence or luminescence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes
wherein the material to be analyzed is excited whereby it
emits light, or causes a change in wavelength of the incident
light, or produces light during a chemical reaction without
apparent temperature rise.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 361 for a process involving
chemiluminescent detection which involves electrical
signaling.
252, Compositions, subclass 700 for chemiluminescent
compositions, 625+ for radioactive compositions, subclasses
301.16+, 301.36, and 301.4 for luminescent compositions
particularly 301.17 for scintillating or lasing
compositions.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 52 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
173
Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, or other
spin effects or mass spectrometry:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes including the use of nuclear magnetic resonance,
electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects and
mass spectrometry.
(1) Note. Recitation of the specific chemical formula of a
compound utilized for spin labeling, as a shift reagent or as
a solvent in a process claim is considered to be "significant
chemistry" classifiable here as compared to Class 324.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 23.35 for the combination of a
gas chromatograph and a nominally recited mass spectrometer.
250, Radiant Energy, 281 for processes which include use of
a mass spectrometer or calutron or a method of separating or
accumulating ions based upon the charge to mass ratio.
Subclass:
174
INCLUDING SAMPLE PREPARATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes including treatment of the material to be analyzed
to facilitate subsequent analysis.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for documents which claim
subcombinations of chemical tests which are not provided for
in a chemical, electrical, or optical class. There may be
only nominal claim language to chemical analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, for a sampling process which is
not claimed or solely disclosed as part of a process of
chemical analysis and the search notes therein for other
classes providing for sampling techniques.
Subclass:
175
Digestion or removing interfering materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes
wherein the material to be analyzed is subjected to a step of
disintegration by a chemical reagent or in which a substance
which interferes with subsequent analysis is removed.
(1) Note. The interference may be chemical or physical
(i.e., entrapment in a matrix, etc.).
Subclass:
176
Stabilizing or preserving:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
wherein the material to be analyzed is stabilized or
preserved prior to analysis.
(1) Note. This subclass includes methods for prevention of
changes in a sample during its transportation and storage.
(2) Note. Stability Tests are generally classified on the
basis of the species tested for.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 380 for preservative
compositions especially subclass 397 for a chemical change
inhibitor.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 1 for a process of
preserving not claimed in combination with chemical
analysis.
Subclass:
177
Liberation or purification of sample or separation of
material from a sample (e.g., filtering, centrifuging,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes in
which the sample to be subjected to chemical analysis is the
product of an isolation or purification procedure.
(1) Note. Included herein are procedures involving
filtering, centrifuging, sorption, as well as concentrating
evaporation and chromatography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, provides for
processes of separating liquids from solids or slurries,
i.e., drying as well as the contact of solids with either, or
both, gases and vapors. If the starting material is in the
form of a liquid suspension or solution even if the process
is continued to the point of complete dryness, Class 159,
Concentrating Evaporators, will take the process.
62, Refrigeration, includes processes which include removing
heat by refrigeration from a substance whether solid, liquid,
or vapor. In particular, Class 62, 8 will take processes of
making a solidified or liquefied gaseous product provided the
gas has a normal boiling point below 32 (methane, ethane,
propane) and Class 62, subclasses 500+ will take processes
wherein a solution or mixture is cooled to solidify a
constituent which is then removed from the mixture.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for physical processes
involving steps resulting in separation of a gas from a fluid
mixture comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles
entrained therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or
(c) a plurality of gases.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, provides for processes
peculiar to the concentration of solids held in solution or
suspension by evaporation of the liquid containing them and
the recovery of the concentrate. If the starting material is
a solid or slurry placement in Class 34, Drying and Gas or
Vapor Contact With Solids, would be indicated. Class 159
will take concentration to the point of crystallization or to
dryness, however, removal of water of crystallization is
considered to be a chemical reaction and placement would not
be proper in Class 159. Evaporating with subsequent vapor
condensation is excluded from Class 159 and in such case,
placement in Class 203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
would be proper.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, provides for
processes of thermolytic distillation wherein a solid
carbonaceous material is heated to vaporize a volatile
portion and to cause chemical decomposition of the heated
material to form different chemical substances at least some
of which are volatile and leave behind a solid carbonaceous
material.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, provides for
processes for separating a liquid mixture by vaporizing and
condensing a portion thereof to isolate in the condensed
liquid or the unvaporized portion a relatively pure compound
which was present in the original mixture. The original
mixture may be in a solid form so long as it melts to form a
liquid before it vaporizes. A solid original mixture which
undergoes chemical decomposition leaving a carbonaceous
residue would be classifiable in Class 201, Distillation:
Processes, Thermolytic, which is superior to Class 203.
Processes including a chemical reaction and a separatory
distillation operation are classified in Class 203 only when
the chemical reaction merely facilitates the isolation by the
separatory distillation operation of a pre-existing substance
in the distilland. See Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds, or Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,
for a process of preparing a compound and isolating it by a
separatory distillation process.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, includes processes
for the separation or purification of a constituent from a
flowable liquid mixture by dialysis, sorption, ion exchange
liquid extraction, gravitational separation, or filtration,
as well as purification of a liquid mixture by destruction or
conversion of a constituent. Processes directed to the
purification of a particular compound or composition
(including solution of either the compound or composition in
water), are classified with the particular compound or
composition. Insofar as the treatment of liquids with ion
exchange or sorption materials are concerned, the following
lines will be maintained. (1) Where water is the only
disclosed liquid purified, the patent will be classified in
this class (210). (2) Where disclosure includes water,
hydrocarbons and/or other liquids the patent will be
classified: (a) In Class 210 if all claims are broad as to
the liquid. (b) In Class 210 if several species of liquid are
claimed and one species includes water. (c) In the
appropriate art class if some liquid other than water is the
only liquid claimed (e.g., mineral oils, organic compounds).
(3) Purification or separation of liquids by flocculation
only are classified in Class 210. (4) Processes wherein all
claims are limited to the deposition of specific materials on
ion-exchangers or sorbents with subsequent recovery of the
specific materials are classified with material so operated
upon. Class 210 is superior to Class 95 and takes separating
processes, per se, generally disclosed or claimed as fluid
separation, or if the disclosure or a claim is restricted to
liquid separation.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, provides for the
liberation and purification by chemical or physical means of
compounds and extracts falling within the class definition of
Class 260. Generally the physical processes included are of
two types (a) a purification process prior or subsequent to a
chemical reaction producing a Class 260 product, (b) a
purification process directed to the purification of a Class
260 compound by a combination of physical separation
techniques the classes for which do not provide for or
exclude the combination claimed. Chemical purification
processes are generally provided for with each product
produced.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 101 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 262 for
methods of using microorganism or enzyme to liberate or
purify a preexisting substance.
Subclass:
178
Including use of a solid sorbent, semipermeable membrane, or
liquid extraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Processes
wherein the material to be analyzed is concentrated or
separated by sorption, ion entrapment, a septum selective as
to material or by liquid extraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 656 for a process of
chromatos:graphic separation using a solid sorbent and
subclass 635 for processes using a liquid or organic gel as a
sorbent.
Subclass:
179
Dilution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes
wherein the material to be analyzed is diluted prior to
analysis.
Subclass:
180
Volumetric liquid transfer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes
wherein the material to be analyzed is a liquid and including
a step of obtaining and transferring an absolute volume or a
predetermined volumetric ratio to the source of the material
to be analyzed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 100 for
apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
Subclass:
181
Gaseous sample or with change of physical state:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Processes
including step of sampling a vaporous or gaseous material to
be analyzed, or changing the physical state of a sample.
(1) Note. This subclass will provide for a process in which
the gaseous sample is produced by vaporization of a liquid.
(2) Note. A change of physical state includes melting and
solidification.
Subclass:
182
ELEMENT OR INORGANIC COMPOUND:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or composition which are directed to the chemical
analysis of an element or inorganic compound not provided for
above.
Subclass:
183
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions which are not other wise provided
for.
(1) Note. This subclass would provide for processes for
determining properties such as toxic effects of substances by
a chemical test.
Subclass:
500
THYROID HORMONE TESTS (E.G., T[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt],
T[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt], TBG, TSH, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for hormones associated with or acting on the
thyroid gland or binding proteins associated with such
hormones.
(1) Note. Included are triodothyronine (T[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt]) thyroxine (T[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt]), thyroid
binding globulin (TBG), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
etc. Also included are thyroxine binding index tests and
test for "free" (unassociated with binding proteins)
hormones.
Subclass:
501
BIOSPECIFIC LIGAND BINDING ASSAY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which there is an interaction between a
material and a receptor which by claim or disclosure is
specific to class of compounds or a single compound.
(1) Note. The receptor material typically is isolated from
a cellular material from a living body such as a membrane or
organ and exhibits great specificity to the specie to be
tested for.
(2) Note. Examples of the type of materials included herein
are tests involving cardiolipin, opiate receptor material,
Beta-endorphin, and B protein (Bucorvaz protein). Also
included are agglutination tests.
Subclass:
503
Utilizing isolate of tissue or organ as binding agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein the receptor is a tissue or an isolate of a tissue or
organ.
(1) Note. Tests involving sensitized lymphocytes are
included in this subclass.
Subclass:
504
Radioactive label:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Methods in
which a radioactive label is employed as an aid in
detection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, 300 for methods of diagnostic testing on or in
the living body.
Subclass:
505
B12 or Folate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504. Methods in
which the substance tested for is vitamin B12 or a folate.
Subclass:
506
FOR PREEXISTING IMMUNE COMPLEX OR AUTO-IMMUNE DISEASE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving immunoassay for antigens, antibodies
or immune complexes associated with autoimmune disease.
(1) Note. This subclass includes immunohistopathology
testing.
(2) Note. Autoimmune disease includes: (a) Systemic
Rheumatic diseases {(1) Systemic lupus erythematosus; (2)
Progressive systemics clerosia; (3) Chronic discoid lupus;
(4) Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)} (b) Rheumatoid
Arthritis; (c) Kidney diseases resulting from reaction of
antibodies with renal basement membrane, or the formation of
circulating immune complex glomeralonephritis; (d) Hashmotos
disease (chronic thyroiditis); (e) Diseases involving
antibodies to tissue specific antigens {1. Mitrochrondrial
antigens (antibodies found in primary biliary cirrhosis). 2.
Smooth muscle antigens, i.e., antibodies which may be
demonstrated in some infectious disease such as viral
hepatitis, yellow fever and infectious mononucleosis and in
some malignancies such as carcinoma of the ovary and
malignant melanoma and in some types of cirrhosis. 3. Gastric
Parietal Cells - antibodies to intracytoplasmic antigens of
gastric parietal cells, to the B12 binding site of intrinsic
factor and to the intrinsic factor B12 complex may be found
in patients with pernicious anemia.} (f) Skin Diseases {1.
Vesiculoballous skin diseases-pemphigus, pemphigoids,
dermatitis herpeti formis, herpes gestatenis; 2. Cutaneous
forms of lupus erythematosis vasculitis (rheumatoid
vasculitis)} (g) Human sperm antibodies.
Subclass:
507
Immune complex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
which includes a test for the antigen-antibody complex
itself.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tests employing as
reagents Rheumatoid factors and complements.
Subclass:
508
Antinuclear (e.g., DNA, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject
matter, including tests for antibodies to antigens which form
part of the material of a cell nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tests in which the antigen
is DNA.
(2) Note. Tests for lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid
arthritis are included here.
Subclass:
509
Rheumatoid factors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
which include tests for immunoglobulins found in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis.
Subclass:
510
IMMUNOCHEMICAL PREGNANCY DETERMINATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including immunoassay testing for pregnancy.
Subclass:
512
INVOLVING ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which involves an immunoassay which utilizes
only a subpart of an antibody.
Subclass:
513
INVOLVING IgA, IgD, IgE, or IgM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which involve tests for immunoglobulins other
than IgG.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for methods of allergen
detection (IgE).
Subclass:
514
INVOLVING DIFFUSION OR MIGRATION OF ANTIGEN OR ANTIBODY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the antigen or antibody migrates
through a solid or semisolid medium to produce lines or bands
of precipitation.
Subclass:
515
Through a gel (e.g., Ouchterlony technique, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter
in which migration of the antigen or antibody is through a
gel.
(1) Note. Included herein is the use of agar or gelatin in
tubes or on plates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 456 for gel
electrophoresis, in general.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 98 for colloid systems of continuous or
semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase
(gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516
provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for
Class 436 when the compostions are colloid systems or wetting
agents.
Subclass:
516
Immunoelectrophoresis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515. Subject matter
in which antigens or antibodies migrate through a gel medium
under the influence of an electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 456 for gel
electrophoresis of proteins other than antibodies.
Subclass:
517
INVOLVING KINETIC MEASUREMENT OF ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the time rate of progress of an
antigen-antibody interaction is measured.
Subclass:
518
INVOLVING AN INSOLUBLE CARRIER FOR IMMOBILIZING
IMMUNOCHEMICALS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which an immunological test is carried out
using an antigen, antibody or fragment thereof as part of an
artificially produced composition or complex or compound
which imparts the property of physical confinement or
localization during a immunochemical analysis and the
processes for preparing the same.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, for processes of making glass
articles, particularly 447 for making a resin coated glass
fiber; and subclass 22 for making a porous glass article
which may find utility as an immobilization agent.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for protein
containing coating or plastic compositions, particularly
subclass 4, 31.24, 31.53, 31.82, 31.94, 38.4, 124+, 614, 645,
and indented subclasses.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
77 for pore forming in combination with a laminating step.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 660 and
263+ for processes and apparatus for ion exchange or sorption
of components from a liquid; and subclass 615 for a process
of use of a immobilized enzyme or microorganism to purify
sewage.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 41 for significant molding processes which
include the step of pore forming in situ.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
especially 400 for coated products which may contain a
protein; subclasses 94.1+ for a composition containing an
enzyme or coenzyme including immobilized forms.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for edible protein
compositions or products and related process involving the
same.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 411.1 for a
nonstructural stock material product in the form of a
composite web or sheet including a layer comprising protein,
and other appropriately titled subclasses, e.g., subclasses
435 and 458; and subclasses 304.4+ for a stock material in
the form of a composite web or sheet embodying a component
which is porous or cellular.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 174 for
carrier bound or immobilized enzymes or microbial cells and
the preparation thereof and subclass 188 for enzyme
conjugates, ligands and adducts.
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 2
for a composition containing a protein.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 25 for an ion
exchange resin and the processes of making or regenerating
them; and subclasses 50+ for cellular, or porous resinous
bodies and the process of preparing them.
525, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 54.1 for a product
or process of chemically reacting a protein or polypeptide
with a synthetic resin.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, subclasses
300-345 for peptides and reaction products thereof;
subclasses 350 to 427 for proteins and the reaction products
thereof; and cross-reference art collections 800 through 859
for antigenic peptides or proteins, methods of immobilizing
peptides or proteins, and the source materials from which
peptides or proteins are isolated.
(1) Note. Immobilization results from covalent bonding
between an immunochemical and the carrier or an ionic bonding
between an immunochemical and a carrier or sorption of an
immunochemical within a carrier, or entrapment of an
immunochemical within a carrier.
(2) Note. A carrier material may be either water soluble or
water insoluble.
(3) Note. Reaction or ultra filtration cells, vials, or
beakers which contain immunochemicals are not considered to
be immobilized complexes or compositions.
(4) Note. Antigens chemically or physically bonded to a
water insoluble matrix, antibodies contained within a polymer
or gel, antigens absorbed on a resin are examples of
immobilized immunochemicals.
(5) Note. Haptens are considered to be antigens for the
purpose of this subclass.
(6) Note. When a carrier is composed of more than one
material, the patent is placed into the subclass which
corresponds to the material to which the Ag or Ab is bound,
e.g., a carrier which is a synthetic polymer-coated metal is
placed in subclass 525.
(7) Note. The carrier material or the carrier material and
a covalent bond forming agent impart to the immunochemical
the property of physical confinement or localization during a
continuous process or the property of enhanced recoverability
in a batch process which it did not possess prior to
treatment with the carrier material or carrier material and a
covalent bonding agent.
Subclass:
519
Carrier is a biological cell or cell fragment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
in which the carrier is a biological cell or fragment
thereof.
(1) Note. Biological cells or fragments thereof include
bacteria and blood cells.
(2) Note. This subclass includes the use of a bacteria as a
carrier or the use of a cell wall fragment as a carrier.
Subclass:
520
Red blood cell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Subject matter
in which the carrier is a red blood cell.
(1) Note. Included herein are treated red blood cells and
fragments of red blood cells including stroma carrying
heterophile antigens or various antigenic materials including
antibodies.
(2) Note. This subclass excludes Rh membrane antigens and
immunohematological testing which is provided for in Class
435, subclasses 7.1+.
Subclass:
521
Fixation or stabilization of red blood cells:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter
which includes the chemical or physical treatment of the red
blood cells to prevent deterioration.
(1) Note. This subclass includes cells treated with agents
which act as both preservatives and bonding agents such as
glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde cyanuric chloride, etc.
Subclass:
522
Lysis of red blood cell membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter
in which there is a step of lysis of the red blood cells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
269 for a process of lysis by microorganism or enzyme.
Subclass:
523
Carrier is particulate and the particles are of intentionally
different sizes or impregnated differently with the
immunochemicals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
in which the carrier is particulate and the particles are
formed or chosen to be different sizes or are coated with
chemically different coating materials.
Subclass:
524
Carrier is inorganic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
in which the carrier is an inorganic compound or metal or
alloy.
(1) Note. The term "minerals" is presumed to refer to
inorganic minerals although care should be taken with
disclosure to coal or other carbonaceous minerals which are
for purpose of this subclass are to be considered inorganic.
Subclass:
525
Metal or metal coated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter
in which the carrier is a metal.
Subclass:
526
Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter
in which the carrier is magnetic.
(1) Note. The essential characteristic of the patents in
this subclass is that the processes claim or disclose use of
a magnetic separation step.
Subclass:
527
Glass or silica:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter
in which the carrier is glass or silica.
(1) Note. The glass may be a plate, hollow tube or test
tube.
Subclass:
528
Carrier is organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
in which the carrier is an organic compound.
(1) Note. See subclass 133 for a definition of organic.
Subclass:
529
Polysaccharide carrier (e.g., dextran, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Subject matter
in which the carrier is a polysaccharide.
(1) Note. This includes subclass materials designated as
carbohydrates.
(2) Note. Derivatized starch, derivatized cellulose, and
derivatized polysaccharides are included in this subclass.
Subclass:
530
Cellulose or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
in which the polysaccharide is cellulose or substituted
cellulose.
(1) Note. Exemplary of materials included herein would be
DEAE cellulose, etc.
Subclass:
531
Carrier is synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 528. Subject matter
in which the support material is a linear or cross-linked
polymer which is not naturally occurring.
(1) Note. For purposes of this and the indented subclass
"latex" is conclusively presumed to be a synthetic resin.
(2) Note. Polystryrene latex particles make up the majority
of the latex subclass.
Subclass:
532
Antigen or antibody is attached to a carrier via bridging
agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
wherein the Ag or Ab is bonded to the polymeric carrier
through an intermediate compound which attaches to both the
Ag or Ab and the carrier.
(1) Note. The intermediate compound is not another Ag or
Ab. Such interactions are found below in subclass 540.
(2) Note. The formation of a carrier bound Ag or Ab may be
in as stagewise manner with a reaction between the carrier
and bridging agent being completed before the Ag or Ab is
added or in a process in which the carrier, bridging agent,
and Ag or Ab are present simultaneously, in which case some
care should be exercised in distinguishing the subject matter
of this subclass from mere entrapment. In general, if three
separate entities, i.e., Ag or Ab and two different chemical
species are present simultaneously bonding through a bridging
agent should be presumed.
(3) Note. A product or process classifiable in this
subclass combines a polymeric carrier with a bridging agent
to provide functional groups for Ag or Ab attachment. It
should be noted that similar functional groups can be
provided by prior formation of a polymeric carrier by
copolymerization of monomers one or more of which contain the
desired functional group for Ag or Ab attachment and that as
such would be provided for in 531.
Subclass:
533
Carrier is water suspendible particles (e.g., latex etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter
in which the carrier consists of colloidal particles of
synthetic resin suspended or disclosed as suspended in an
aqueous medium.
(1) Note. The bulk of patents classified herein are
directed to polystyrene latex as the carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, in particular 577
and 800+ for a process of synthesis of a polystyrene latex.
525, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 54.1 for a process
of after treatment of a polystyrene latex.
Subclass:
534
Carrier is water suspendible particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
in which the carrier consists of colloidal particles of
synthetic resin suspended or disclosed as suspended in an
aqueous medium.
Subclass:
535
Antigen or antibody entrapped within the carrier (e.g., gel,
hollow fiber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
wherein the Ag or Ab is physically trapped in a reticulated
polymer structure or entrapped within a microcapsule.
Subclass:
536
INVOLVING IMMUNE COMPLEX FORMED IN LIQUID PHASE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the immune complex is formed in a
liquid.
(1) Note. Cases in which separation methods are disclosed
but not claimed are classified here and crossed to the
appropriate separation method.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
515 for immune complex formation in gels.
Subclass:
537
Signal modification or steric inhibition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter
wherein the formation of the immune complex alters molecular
properties giving rise to a detectable change in the tag or
label attached to the antigen or antibody.
(1) Note. Typically the signal modification is fluorescent
quenching.
Subclass:
538
Separation of immune complex from unbound antigen or
antibody:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter
in which excess antigen or antibody is separated from the
immune complex by physical or chemical means.
Subclass:
539
Involving precipitating reagent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
wherein the separation of the immune complex from the unbound
component is aided by the addition of an agent which enhances
the precipitation of the immune complex after the complex has
been formed.
(1) Note. Examples of precipitating agents used in the
processes provided for here are charcoal, ammonium sulfate
and carrier bound antigen or antibody.
Subclass:
540
Double or second antibody:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
in which unreacted antigen or antibody or the immune complex
is separated by means of a second antibody or an immune
complex containing the same.
(1) Note. The second antibody is usually directed against
the antibody of the complex (e.g., goat anti-rabbit
immunoglobulin) but may be directed against the immune
complex itself.
Subclass:
541
Absorbent column, particles or resin strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
wherein the separation is by a column of nonspecific
absorbent, sorbent particles or by absorption of the complex
or unbound phase by a resin in the form of a strip.
Subclass:
542
Involving radioactive labeling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter
which involves the detection of one of the separation phases
by means of scintillation counting.
Subclass:
543
INVOLVING PRODUCING OR TREATING ANTIGEN OR HAPTEN:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving the production or physical or
chemical treatment of an antigen.
(1) Note. A hapten is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
methods of using an antigen for treatment of the living
body.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, 402 for
methods of attaching hapten to immunogenic carriers.
Subclass:
544
Producing labeled antigens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
which includes attaching a detectable label to antigens.
Subclass:
545
Radioactive label:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Subject matter
wherein the detectable label is radioactive.
Subclass:
546
Fluorescent label:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Subject matter
wherein the detectable label is one which fluoresces.
Subclass:
547
INVOLVING PRODUCTION OR TREATMENT OF AN ANTIBODY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter producing treating, separating or labeling of
an antibody.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are:
(a) Processes including the injection of antigenic material
into a body to produce antibodies for in vitro testing
purposes.
(b) Processes of fragmenting or otherwise changing
antibodies to improve assay specificity.
(c) Processes of associating the antibody with a detectable
label.
Subclass:
548
Monoclonal Antibody:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Subject matter
in which includes the production of antibodies by use of a
cloned hybrid cell line formed by fusion of myeloma cell with
an antibody producing cell.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Art Collections 800 - 829 are related to antigen-antibody
tests. Art collections 900 - 910 are related to chemical
testing.
Subclass:
800
FLUORESCENT DYES (E.G., RHODAMINE, ETC.):
Art collection of fluorescent dyes useful in antigen-antibody
tests.
Subclass:
801
ELECTRON DENSE COMPOUNDS (E.G., FERRITIN, ETC.):
Art collection of electron dense compounds useful as labels
in antigen-antibody testing.
Subclass:
802
PROTEIN-BACTERIOPHAGE CONJUGATES:
Art collection of protein-bacteriophage conjugates used for
labels in antigen-antibody tests.
Subclass:
803
STABLE FREE RADICALS (E.G., SPIN IMMUNOASSAY, ETC.):
Art collection of patents utilizing stable free radicals in
an antigen-antibody test as a label.
Subclass:
804
RADIOISOTOPE (E.G., RADIOIMMUNOASSAY, ETC.):
Art collection of patents utilizing a radioactive label in an
antigen-antibody test.
Subclass:
805
OPTICAL PROPERTY:
Art collection of patents related to the optical examination
of the results of an antigen- antibody test.
Subclass:
806
ELECTRICAL PROPERTY OR MAGNETIC PROPERTY:
Art collection of patents related to the examination of the
results of an antigen-antibody reaction by change in
electrical or magnetic properties.
Subclass:
807
APPARATUS INCLUDED IN PROCESS CLAIM (E.G., PHYSICAL SUPPORT
STRUCTURES, ETC.):
Art collection of patents related to apparatus used in
antigen-antibody or binding protein testing.
Subclass:
808
Automated or kit:
Art collection under 807 in which the apparatus is
self-operated or is a kit.
Subclass:
809
Multifield plates or multicontainer arrays:
Art collection under 807 in which the apparatus is generally
planar and has a number of distinct test areas on its surface
or consists of a series of containers held in a physical
arrangement for testing.
Subclass:
810
Tube, bottle, or dipstick:
Art collection under 807 in which a tube, bottle, or dipstick
carries the immunochemical.
Subclass:
811
TEST FOR NAMED DISEASE, BODY CONDITION, OR ORGAN FUNCTION:
Art collection related to antigen-antibody test for a named
disease, condition of the body or organ function.
Subclass:
812
Infectious mononucleosis:
Art collection under 811 in which the named disease is
infectious mononucleosis.
Subclass:
813
Cancer:
Art collection under 811 in which the named disease is
cancer.
Subclass:
814
Pregnancy:
Art collection under 811 in which the body condition is
pregnancy.
Subclass:
815
Test for named compound or class of compounds:
Art collection of patents relating to testing for an
identified compound or class of compounds e.g., nitrates,
etc.
Subclass:
816
Alkaloids, amphetamines, and barbiturates:
Art collection under 815 relating to an antigen antibody test
for an alkaloid, amphetamine, or barbiturate.
Subclass:
817
Steroids or hormones:
Art collection under 815 relating to antigen antibody tests
for steroids or a hormone.
Subclass:
818
Human chorionic gonadotropin:
Art collection under 817 relating to tests for HCG.
Subclass:
819
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTIGEN OR ANTIBODY:
Art collection relating to tests in which more than one
compound or disease is identified or antigen or antibody is
sensitized to a multiplicity of complements.
Subclass:
820
HEPATITIS ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES:
Art collection relating to tests for antigens and antibodies
associated with hepatitis.
Subclass:
821
INVOLVING COMPLEMENT FACTORS OR COMPLEMENT SYSTEMS:
Art collection relating to identified complement factors or
complement systems related to testing.
Subclass:
822
IDENTIFIED HAPTEN:
Art collection of patents relating to compound which are
disclosed as haptens.
Subclass:
823
IMMUNOGENIC CARRIER OR CARRIER, PER SE:
Art collection of patents relating to the use of immunogenic
carrier for haptens or to carriers, per se.
Subclass:
824
IMMUNOLOGICAL SEPARATION TECHNIQUES:
Art collection relating to the use of an antigen, antibody or
binding protein reaction to effect a separation of a
component from a mixture.
Subclass:
825
PRETREATMENT FOR REMOVAL OF INTERFERING FACTORS FROM SAMPLE:
Art collection relating to materials and methods for
preparation of a sample for an immunological test by removal
of interfering materials.
Subclass:
826
ADDITIVES (E.G., BUFFERS, DILUENTS, PRESERVATIVES):
Art collection relating to materials used as additives to
solutions involved in antigen- antibody testing.
Subclass:
827
LECTINS:
Art collection relating to lectins and their use in
immunological testing.
Subclass:
828
PROTEIN A:
Art collection relating to Protein A.
Subclass:
829
LIPOSOMES, (E.G., ENCAPSULATION, ETC.):
Art collection relating to the formation of lipsomes
containing immunological materials.
Subclass:
900
BREATH TESTING:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to breath testing.
(1) Note. Cross-reference art collections 900 - 910 are
related to chemical testing.
Subclass:
901
DRUGS OF ABUSE (E.G., NARCOTICS, AMPHETAMINES, ETC.):
Art collection of chemical tests used for determining drugs
of abuse.
Subclass:
902
DOSIMETER:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to the use of
apparatus for determining the cumulative exposure to a given
substance.
Subclass:
903
DIAZO REACTIONS:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to diazo
reactions.
Subclass:
904
OXIDATION-REDUCTION INDICATORS:
Art collection of chemical tests and materials therefore
which exhibit a color change caused by an oxidation or
reduction reaction.
Subclass:
905
PHOTOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION OF REACTIONS:
Art collection of chemical tests which involve a step of
photochemical activation.
Subclass:
906
FERTILITY TESTS:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to the detection or
determination of capacity to reproduce.
Subclass:
907
FETAL LUNG MATURITY:
Art collection of chemical tests for the determination of the
developmental state of the fetal lung.
Subclass:
908
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to gravimeteric
analysis of the results of chemical reactions.
Subclass:
909
NEPHELOMETRY:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to measurements of
the light scattering effect of solutions.
Subclass:
910
IRON-BINDING CAPACITY OF BLOOD:
Art collection of chemical tests relating to determination of
the iron binding capacity of blood.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000