U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 408
CUTTING BY USE OF ROTATING AXIALLY MOVING TOOL
Class Definition:
Class 408 is the residual locus of methods and machines for
penetrating material, without substantial reshaping flow of
such material, by means of a solid tool that turns about an
axis, and moves relative to a workpiece, along that axis
during operation.
(1) Note. The phrase "without substantial reshaping flow of
such material" is intended to cover the noncutting
deformation of material by forcing a tool into or through
said material, which method or apparatus is provided for in
the class for Metal Deforming (see References to Other
Classes, below).
(2) Note. Class 408 is intended to ultimately include all
cutting as defined above; however, not all classes have now
been screened for such art. Included among such classes
likely to include patents proper for Class 408 and not yet
screened are Classes 82, 142, 409, and 451.
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
Class 408 is an elemental or basis class. That is, its
subject matter is restricted (so far as possible) to means
for, or steps of, accomplishing the following functions;
cutting something (the "work"); or cutting, and handling the
work to be cut; or cutting and handling the product of the
cutting operation.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, for a hand supported implement including a
portion for performing an operation of this class (408) and
including a portion for performing a noncutting operation.
12, Boot and Shoe Making, for means or methods particular to
the cutting of footgear.
29, Metal Working, for (1) a step of our machine for
performing a cutting operation combined with or convertible
to a step of or machine for performing a noncutting material
treatment; (2) a cutting tool or tool-assembly physically
limited to use with rotating work; or (3) a cutting tool or
tool-assembly for use alternatively; (a) during rotary plus
axial motion relative to the work, (b). during rotary plus
radial motion relative to the work, or (c) during rotary plus
lateral motion relative to the work.
30, Cutlery, for a cutting structure that is (1) operator
supported, (2) work supported, (3) randomly manipulated, or
(4) randomly manipulated and combined with a work-support
wherein the cutter moves in a manner other than rotary and
axial relative to the work during operation. This class (408)
is superior to Class 30; therefore, a tool alternatively
usable in the structure of either class will be found in this
class.
33, Geometrical Instruments, for a device for cutting work to
measure physical characteristics of that work, and for a
geometrical instrument to be used with a tool of this class.
60, Power Plants, for a prime mover to be used to drive a
tool, in the absence of any work-contacting structure other
than the tool or of frame structure of particular utility to
support a tool.
65, Glass Manufacturing, for the shaping of green ceramic
material combined with cutting, in a single or a plurality of
operations.
69, Leather Manufactures, for means or methods including
cutting, particular to making leather articles.
72, Metal Deforming, for deforming combined with the cutting
of metal.
73, Measuring and Testing, for a measuring device to be used
with a cutting tool of this class.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for structure for causing
one machine element to move relative to another and thereby
to cause a tool to move, in the absence of any
work-contacting structure other than the tool or of frame
structure of particular utility to support a tool.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, for cutting in the
manufacture of a tool.
79, Button Making, for the manufacture of a button by (1) an
operation other than cutting by a rotating, axially moving
tool; or, (2) a plurality of steps, one of which is material
treatment other than cutting and another of which is
cutting.
81, Tools, for a torque applying, hand-held device of general
utility; including a device wherein one utility is to
transmit torque to a rotary, axially advancing cutting tool.
82, Turning, for the cutting of rotating material, other than
wood, by a tool engaging that material in a way affected by
such rotation; and for the cutting of nonrotating material by
a tool having a single cutting edge, wherein the operation is
on generally circular cross-section material and wherein the
tool turns about the axis of the material and has additional
motion other than along that axis, so that the cutting is
similar to the action of a nonrotating tool acting on
rotating material.
83, Cutting, for all cutting not provided for elsewhere.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, for a motor of that
class to be used to drive a tool, in the absence of any
work-contacting structure other than the tool or of frame
structure of particular utility to support a tool.
101, Printing, for a printing operation combined with cutting
by a rotating, axially moving tool.
111, Planting, for cutting into the earth by a rotating,
axially moving tool combined with means for depositing on
object into the bore.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, for an engine of that class
to be used to drive a tool, in the absence of any
work-contacting structure other than the tool or of frame
structure of particular utility to support a tool.
125, Stone Working, for a step of or machine for cutting
stone if the operation is other than by use of a rotating,
axially moving cutter.
128, Surgery, for cutting operations particular to an
operation on a live animal body.
137, Fluid Handling, for an operation of that class, combined
with cutting in the manner of this class (408), except when
the fluid handling is ancillary to the cutting operation.
140, Wireworking, for cutting of wire combined with other
wireworking.
142, Wood Turning, for the cutting of rotating wood material
by a tool engaging that material in a way affected by such
rotation; and for the cutting of nonrotating wood material by
a tool having a single cutting edge wherein the operation is
on generally circular cross-section material and wherein the
tool turns about the axis of the material and has additional
motion other than along that axis, so that the cutting is
similar to the action of a nonrotating tool acting on
rotating material.
144, Woodworking, for cutting combined noncutting treatment
of wood; and, for cutting of particular utility of wood,
except for cutting of wood by a rotating axially moving
tool.
147, Coopering, for machines which are used exclusively in
the manufacture of wooden barrels, fruit boxes, baskets, or
crates.
157, Wheelwright Machines, for structure for performing a
noncutting material treatment combined with a cutting
operation in the making of a wheel.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, for structure for moving a
tool about an axis and toward a workpiece to effect cutting,
in the absence of any work-contacting structure other than
the tool or of frame structure of particular utility to
support a tool.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for cutting by a
rotating axially moving tool particular to cutting into the
earth.
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, for a motor
of that class to be used to drive a tool, in the absence of
any work-contacting structure other than the tool or of frame
structure of particular utility to support a tool.
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, for the application of
tensile forces to a workpiece to cause that workpiece to be
divided combined with cutting by a rotating, axially moving
tool.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), for a cutting device
which includes a plurality of cutting tool pairs (including
cutting structure of this class (408) type) and an actuating
power train for each pair (one power train may be common to
all), so that power may be delivered to any or all pairs for
any cutting cycle, and wherein each and all of the tool pairs
assembled in the machine are constantly available to be
chosen for cutting or noncutting (in any desired number, from
one to the total number available) by (1) a pattern, (2)
combinational coding means, or (3) means not a part of the
tool actuating power train and which does not partake of all
the movements of either tool or the pair; which pattern or
means conditions each pair so chosen to (a) enable or (b)
prevent a cutting operation thereby when its driving power
train is actuated.
248, Supports, for structure for supporting a machine, if the
supporting structure is of general utility.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for flame cutting apparatus;
and subclass 271 of that class for drilling or cutting the
tap-hole plug of a metallurgical furnace.
269, Work Holders, for structure to be used to sustain
material during a material treatment operation, such as
cutting by a rotating axially moving tool, provided there is
no tool-supporting structure, tool-guiding structure,
tool-couple-element, or structure otherwise recognizing the
tool of a machine for cutting.
279, Chucks or Sockets, for structure for the general utility
of holding a tool.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, for
processes, machines or tools for boring or penetrating into
the earth to recover valuable cuttings from a borehole in
desirable size or shape.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, for a coating
implement combined with a cutting device (e.g., a pencil with
a pencil sharpener).
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for cutting by a
rotating tool that moves either laterally or radially of the
tool-axis relative to the material during the cutting
operation; especially subclass 306 for the rifling of a gun
barrel.
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses for
bringing work to or taking product from an unspecified
cutting machine, generally; and 222.01 for apparatus for
charging a load holding or supporting element from a source,
and means for transporting the element to a working,
treating, or inspecting station.
433, Dentistry, 75 for drill guides; subclasses 103+ for
machines; and subclass 165 for tool bits specifically adapted
for dental operations.
451, Abrading, for abrading involving a tool composed of
crystalline, material-removing particles, generally. The
combination of a Class 408 cutter with a Class 451 abrading
device is to be found in Class 408, 22. Note that cutting by
a rotating tool that moves axially with respect to a
workpiece is included in the definition of Class 408, even if
the tool is an abrading tool, but that Class 451 has not been
screened for such structure.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, for the manufacture of an article of that class by
(1) an operation other than cutting by a rotating, axially
moving tool; or (2) a plurality of steps, one of which is a
material treatment other than cutting and another of which is
cutting.
483, Tool Changing, generally for a process or apparatus
including a tool transfer means combined with either a tool
support or storage means, particularly 30 for a tool
transfer means which bodily transfers tools to or from a
rotary spindle machine tool.
GLOSSARY:
Terms in the definition of this class followed by an asterisk
(*) will be found to be defined in this section. Certain very
frequently appearing terms such as Work, Tool, Product and
Tool Axis are accompanied by the asterisk only where the
exact meaning of the term is deemed particularly important.
CUTTING EDGE
A marginal portion of a tool comprising a line or point on
the surface of the tool formed by the intersection of a
plurality of planar surfaces, specifically adapted to perform
a cutting function.
INFEED
The relative movement of the tool and work along the
tool-axis* during the cutting operation. (Compare
work-infeed* and tool-infeed*).
MACHINE-FRAME
Structure relative to which a tool moves during operation,
which structure is of particular utility due to its physical
configuration for supporting the weight of a tool or for
counteracting the thrust of the tool, wherein the tool to be
supported or the force of which is to be counteracted is
adapted to perform an operation of this class type.
PRODUCT
Material which has been treated by the cutting tool; the
result of a cutting operation. (Note: Material which is
"product" for one cutting operation may be "work" for an
ensuing operation).
TOOL
The instrumentality that contacts the work for effecting
directly the operation of the class, either by itself or by
cooperation with another tool.
TOOL-CYCLE
The elapsed time between and all of the motions traced by the
tool between the time the tool leaves any particular datum
point in its approach to (or recession from) the work until
it again leaves that point in its next succeeding approach to
(or recession from) the work, the location of such datum
point for a series of recurring cycles being determined
without giving significance to mere positioning movements of
the tool with respect to the work. (Note: Positioning
movements of the tool are considered to be part of the cycle
of motions constituting the tool-cycle, and the time they
occupy is part of the span of the cycle. They are disregarded
only for the purpose of establishing the datum point of one
cycle with respect to that of a preceding or succeeding
cycle).
TOOL-INFEED
the motion of a tool relative to work and relative to the
base of the cutting machine along the tool-axis toward the
work during the cutting operation.
TOOL-SUPPORT
An element connected to the tool for supporting it against
gravity and that partakes of all the movement of the tool and
has no relative movement with respect to the tool except for
purpose of adjustment.
TOOL-AXIS
The longitudinal center about which the cutting tool of this
class rotates relative to the work and relative to the
machine-frame structure during the cutting operation.
WORK (n)
Article, material, or stuff to be treated (cut). (Compare
"product").
WORK-INFEED
The motion of work relative to the tool and relative to the
base of the cutting machine along the tool-axis toward the
tool during the cutting operation.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method
which includes a step of cutting.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
combined with means to determine the weight or other
characteristics of the material.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure for utilizing the characteristics (e.g.,
physical or electrical) of an element, that is separate from
the work and is separate from the organized structure of the
device, to influence the operation of the device.
(1) Note. This subclass includes machines for utilizing a
prepared information supply that is to be removably placed in
the machine. This subclass does not include structure for
utilizing the characteristics of a "permanent" part if the
machine, such as a cam or gear to influence the operation of
other parts of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for a "templet", which merely guides the tool and does
not otherwise influence the operation of the device.
124 for a "permanent" cam or gear used to regulate the
operation of the device.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein two movable parts of the machine are related such
that in at least one position of one of the parts movement of
the other part is restricted by the first part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for releasable locking structure adapted to secure
together two elements of a tool-holder.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
provided with means to bring any or all of the moving parts
of the device to a halt, the halting effect being
accomplished in response to a signal or impulse caused by an
abnormal occurrence during the operation of the device.
(1) Note. A machine capable of stopping will not be placed
here unless the stopping means operates as a result of an
unplanned or unpredictable occurrence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for stopping means effective on completion of a
predictable or planned operation.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Device in which
the signal or impulse is generated by a detector sensing a
characteristic of the tool* or the tool-driving means.
(1) Note. The detector may contact the tool or tool-driving
means during the normal operation of the device in which case
the stopping signal is generated by failure of the detector
to make such contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a similar device including control means that serves
to influence the operation of the device in a manner other
than by stopping the device randomly.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Device in which
the signal or impulse is generated by a detector sensing a
characteristic of the work* or product*.
(1) Note. The sensed characteristic of the work or product
may be shape, presence, absence or attitude.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for a similar device including control means that serves
to influence the operation in a manner other than by randomly
stopping the device.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means for: (a.) detecting any of the following
characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or
property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any
of the following: the work, the product of a machine, the
machine itself, or the environment of the machine affecting
the operation thereof; (b) initiating (as a direct result of
such detection) a force or impulse other than that generated
or transmitted by the detecting means; and (c) regulating or
modifying (as a direct result of such initiation) the
operation of said machine.
(1) Note. The control systems of this and indented
subclasses are similar in concept to control systems of other
classes; particularly, Class 72, Metal Deforming, especially
subclasses 6+; Class 83, Cutting; Class 173, Tool Driving or
Impacting, especially subclasses 2+, and Class 226, Advancing
Material of Indeterminate Length, especially subclasses 10+.
The total operations and the claimed combinations are, of
course, different; but, the control systems, per se, found in
these other classes are usually analogous to those herein and
may be applicable to the machines of this class (Class 408).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for a templet responsive control means.
5 for control structure adapted to stop the operation of the
cutting machine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for data processing control
systems wherein the control system is claimed generically,
and subclasses 159-195 for the application of a computer in
the manufacturing of a product which includes cutting or
punching.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device provided
with a mechanism to govern the angular velocity of the tool*
about the tool-axis*.
(1) Note. The structure for governing the angular velocity
of the tool includes structure for; (a) increasing and/or
decreasing the speed of rotation, (b) reversing the direction
of rotation,(c) stopping the rotation or, (d) maintaining the
speed of rotation constant.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device provided
with mechanism to regulate or modify the infeed*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for a device including work-infeed* means for one of a
plurality of tools.
62 for work-infeed* means for a single tool.
99 for tool-infeed* means adapted to move a tool toward an
opposing, work-engaging surface.
129 for other tool-infeed means.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Device wherein
the detector senses a characteristic of a tool* or of a
machine element normally connected to the tool for movement
therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for similar device including structure to sense a tool and
bring the device to a halt in an abnormal condition thereof.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Device wherein
the detector senses a characteristic of the material
subjected to the cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for similar structure adapted to sense the work or product
and bring the device to a halt in response to an abnormal
condition thereof.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device including
a mechanism to cause relative movement between the tool* and
work*, wherein the operation regulated or modified is that of
a mechanism for causing relative movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for a device including control structure for regulating
positioning of the work and the tool along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means to bring one or more parts of a machine to a
halt after the machine or a part thereof has completed an
intended operation.
(1) Note. Only a device including structure of particular
utility to bring about stoppage after the completion of an
intended operation is placed herein.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are those devices
sometimes described as a unicyclic.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Device wherein
when the intended operation is complete, the halting is
effected by a characteristic of the work* or product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for similar structure adapted to stop the device, which
structure acts in response to the detection of an abnormal
occurrence.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including, in addition to structure for performing a
class-type operation, either (1) means to produce a
perceptible (e.g., audible or visual) manifestation of a
condition of a part (or all) of the machine or of the work;
(2) means to designate a characteristic of the device, the
work or the product; (3) means to increase the lighting
intensity in the vicinity of the device or the work; or; (4)
means to modify light waves to make characteristics of the
device, the work or the product more readily discernable to
the view of the operative.
(1) Note. The additional structure may be calibrated
quantitatively; however, mere calibration of a machine
element, not in addition to structure for performing an
operation of the class, is not considered proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for a device of this class having provision to receive
means for determining and designating a characteristic of the
device, work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, subclass 29 for dental drilling apparatus
provided with means to illuminate the work.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Machines having structure for causing the tool or the
tool-support to be fed intermittently or to be fed and
withdrawn respectively in its approach relative to the work
along the axis of tool rotation.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices known as
"chip breakers" and devices with special provision to
withdraw the tool to discharge chips.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for structure for causing a tool to move along the
tool-axis during the cutting operation.
143 for means to impart, to the tool, a vibration
characteristic different from the vibration characteristic
imparted by the reaction of the tool and work to damp the
energy of a vibrating tool.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
in combination with means to treat the tool* and make that
tool more suitable to perform its intended function.
(1) Note. Included herein is means to remove foreign matter
from (e.g., clean), and means to prepare the tool by
modifying or maintaining characteristics of the tool (e.g.,
sharpen).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for a tool of the class type combined with means to apply
fluid to work to carry loose chips away from the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses for cleaning means adapted to remove foreign
material from a tool.
451, Abrading, for abrading means adapted to sharpen a tool
of this class type, particularly subclass 420 for an
abrading device adapted to be attached to a machine of this
class type.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including means to impart an impermanent change of
shape (i.e., within the elastic limit) to work and to hold
the work in that shape during the cutting operation.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices which deform the
work, as above defined, wherein such deformation is
prerequisite to effect predetermined line of cut; that is to
say, the desired cut could not be effected in the absence of
the deformation while operating the machine in the intended
manner.
(2) Note. Means for compressing, or stretching, a resilient
workpiece and subsequently cutting a circular opening in same
to impart an elliptical product surface configuration thereto
upon release of the deforming forces would be properly placed
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 176, for cutting means of general
utility combined with means to temporarily deform the work.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 88,
for means to deform material of indeterminate-length to
facilitate feeding of the material.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
which, by relative rearrangement of its parts or by the
addition or omission of a part is so changed as to perform a
cutting operation of a different type.
(1) Note. The different type cutting function to which the
structure of this subclass is convertible includes any means
for cutting by a sharp edge except (1) another cutting device
under the definition of this class; or, (2) a cutting device
that utilizes the same tool used in the first modification to
cut while rotating and moving radially of the tool-axis
relative to the work. (See the search class notes below).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, for a handheld-implement for cutting material by
a rotating axially moving tool convertible to an implement
for using that same tool for cutting while rotating and
moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.
144, Woodworking, for a machine for cutting wood by a
rotating axially moving tool convertible to a device for
using that same tool for cutting wood while rotating and
moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a device for
cutting of material not provided for elsewhere by a rotating
axially moving tool for cutting such material while rotating
and moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Device
including a single cutting tool that, depending on the
arrangement of the parts of the device, can selectively be
used to perform a cutting operation under the class
definition or to performs a cutting operation of a different
type.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
combined with additional structure capable of performing a
cutting operation of a different type.
(1) Note. The different type cutting function with which the
structure of this subclass is combined includes any means for
cutting by a sharp edge except another cutting device under
the definition of this class.
(2) Note. A cutting tool or tool with support (see
tool-support*) will be found in this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder if it includes a portion
operable to cut in the manner of this class and a portion
operable to cut in a different manner. Such tools are
referred to as "compound".
(3) Note. Generally, the combination of cutting of this
class (408) with noncutting work treatment will not be found
in this class; but rather, will be found in the class of the
other treatment or in a class providing for the combination.
(See References to Other Classes, of this Class Definition
and the search class notes hereunder for specific class
lines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, for a randomly manipulated implement
including a cutting edge for performing an operation of this
class and including provision for performing a noncutting
material treatment function.
29, Metal Working, subclass 26, for a machine including
structure for performing a cutting function by a rotating,
axially moving tool and including additional structure for
performing another function, which other function is a
material treatment other than cutting.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein
the additional cutting device is adapted to operate on work
turning about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
82, Turning, for a rotating or a nonrotating cutting tool
acting on rotating work.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device
including more than one additional structure capable of
performing a cutting operation of a type other than provided
for in this class.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Device wherein
each of at least two of the additional structures includes a
cutting instrumentality that turns about an axis and acts to
engage work with its surface(s) farthest from the axis about
which it turns.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein
the additional cutting structure include a cutting tool that
turns about an axis and acts to engage work with its
surface(s) farthest from the axis about which it turns.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the work-engaging surface(s) of the additional cutting tool
is at least in part of material that is either a natural
crystal or is of the character of a natural crystal.
(1) Note. The "natural crystal" of this subclass definition
is not intended to include a stone shaped as a cutting
tooth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a crystalline cutting (or abrading) tool adapted to
operate in the manner of this class (408).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, for a machine including a crystalline cutting
instrumentality combined with additional work cutting or
abrading structure, provided no tool operates in the manner
of this class, or for a single abrading instrumentality that
moves in a manner than about an axis and along that axis
relative to a workpiece. (Note that Class 451 has not been
screened for art proper for Class 408.)
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Device wherein
the additional cutting instrumentality serves to cut all the
way through a section of material to subdivide the material.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Device
including a carriage for supporting the additional cutting
instrumentality or including a work-supporting, advancing
carriage, wherein the additional cutting instrumentality is
adapted to slice through an entire cross-section of material
at one stroke of the carriage supporting the instrumentality
or of the work-supporting, advancing carriage.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device wherein
the additional cutting structure includes a cutting
instrumentality that moves in a straight line toward the
material to be cut and cuts that material in a single
movement of the instrumentality by use of a cutting edge
facing in the direction of tool movement.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a first and second tool, each tool being for the
purpose of performing an operation of the class type, wherein
the tools are separate from each other (i.e., they are not
fixed together) during the cutting operation(s), and
including a work-contacting structure which moves relative to
the tools along their axes-of-rotation during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for a similar device lacking work-contacting structure.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device wherein
the work-engaging structure serves to move the work in a
direction lateral of at least one tool-axis and wherein the
tool-supporting structure serves to move that tool such that
there is not relative lateral motion of that tool and the
work during the cutting operation thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for similar structure including the use of a single
tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 284, for a cutter of that class, having a
component of motion in the direction of moving work.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Device either
(1) including means to move the tool along the tool-axis
toward the work and including means to move the work along
the tool-axis toward the tool during the cutting operation;
or, (2) wherein the first and second tools turn about a
common tool-axis* during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for coaxial tools that do not move with work during
operation.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Device
including a plurality of work-supporting, work-engaging means
for presenting independent portions of work to the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for plural simultaneously operational tools adapted to
successively engage plural workpieces.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device
including a turnable tool-carrying structure for a first and
a second tool (or tool group) wherein the carrying structure
about an axis to selectively present one or the other tool to
operate on the workpiece.
(1) Note. The first tool (or group of tools) of this
subclass is not operational simultaneously with the second
tool.
(2) Note. Included herein are tools supported by a flexible
belt or chain.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
483, Tool Changing, subclass 18 and 30+ for a rotary spindle
machine tool combined with a tool transfer means for bodily
transferring a tool to or from the spindle.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device wherein
the first and second tools turn about a common tool-axis
during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for similar structure, wherein the tool-axis travels
laterally with moving work.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device wherein
the tools are adapted to be positioned on opposite sides of
the work along the common axis and, during the cutting
operation, move relative to the work and toward each other
along the axis.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device
including another tool that moves during its operation toward
a point on the axis of the coaxial tools, which point is
within the work, during the cutting operation of the tools.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device
including another plurality of tools that are also adapted to
be positioned on opposite sides of work, along a second
common axis which additional plurality of tools move along
the second common axis to engage the work and perform a
cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for structure meeting this definition, wherein the second
common axis intersects the first.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device
including provision to relatively move first one, then the
other of the opposing tools toward the work.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to include a pair of
tools, both of which are fixed against axial motion and a
work-supporting infeed means adapted to move the work, first
toward one then toward the other of the tools.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Device
including structure constructed to feed both of the tools
toward the work at the same time.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device
including structure causing the relative approach of more
than one tool and the work to occur at the same time so that
a plurality of cutting operations takes place concurrently.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device
including more than one work-supporting surface for
presenting more than one piece of work to different tools at
the same time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for similar structure wherein the tool axis moves with
the work during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, 221 for a milling
machine including an indexable work support.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Device
including means to reposition either the work or the tools
between cutting operations, such that a piece of work is
presented first to one, then to another of the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for means to present a succession of workpieces to a
single tool.
88 for means to shift a tool position to present that tool
to a succession of workpieces.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Device wherein
the structure for presenting the work to the tools turns
about an axis that extends in the same direction as at least
one of the tool axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for similar means to present a succession of workpieces
to a single tool.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device
including means to allow the positional arrangement of one of
the tools relative to another of the tools to be changed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for a tool that is shiftable relative to its support
structure and relative to an opposing, work-engaging
surface.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device wherein
one (or more) of the tools is caused to rotate by the action
of an element which revolves so that any point thereon
travels in a circular path within a plane normal to the
tool-axis and no two points move in the same path, the
driving force of the element being transferred directly to
the tool or the tool-support by interengagement of a portion
of the tool-support that is offset from the tool-axis with a
portion of the element.
(1) Note. The motion of the tool-driving means defined above
is similar to that of a pencil writing the letter "O".
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device wherein
rotary motion is transmitted to one (or more) tool either by
(1) a driveshaft turning about an axis that intersects and is
skewed with respect to the tool-axis, which driveshaft is
rotatably connected to the tool at the point where the
tool-axis and the driveshaft-axis intersect so that rotary
effort is transmitted from the driveshaft to the tool; or by,
(2) a shaft-like member connected to the tool to rotate
therewith, which shaft-like member is adapted to bend and
transmit rotary effort from a driveshaft turning about an
axis other than the tool-axis directly to the tool; wherein
the means to apply rotary effort is capable of functioning
over a range of tool-axis driveshaft-axis angles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for flexible drive means for driving a single tool.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device
including a base for supporting the entire device against
gravity and including structure for moving the work along a
tool-axis relative to the base, toward the tool during the
cutting operation of that tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for similar infeed structure for moving the work toward a
single tool.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device
including structure for either moving, guiding or otherwise
influencing the path along which the material to be subjected
to the cutting operation travels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for work advancing structure to sequentially present the
work to different tools.
69 for means to influence the movement of work relative to a
single tool.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device with
means engaging the work from the same side as the tool so
that the work-engaging means tends to push the work along the
tool-axis and away from the tool during the cutting
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for similar structure including a single tool and
including a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface.
112 for similar structure including a single tool.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Device
including structure to contact the work on the side directly
opposite the side initially engaged by the operating cutting
tool such that the work-contacting structure tends to resist
movement of the work away from the tool, along the tool-axis
during the cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for similar structure, including a single tool.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Device with
structure to support the tools so that the axes about which
the tools turn extend in the same direction.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
with provision for causing the tool to engage the work during
less than 360 deg. and to thereby merely notch the work.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
with means to engage and move the work in a direction lateral
of the tool-axis wherein tool-supporting structure serves to
move the tool such that there is no relative lateral motion
of the tool and the work during the cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for similar structure including the use of a plurality of
tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 284, for a cutter of that class, having of
motion in the direction of moving work.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means for bringing a flowable substance temporarily
into engagement with the work*, or product*, which substance
may serve any purpose except treatment of the work or product
in a manner provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. Application of a flowable medium to the cutting
edge of a tool is considered to be application of the
material to the work.
(2) Note. Means to apply a vacuum in the vicinity of the
work, causing the atmosphere to flow over the work is
considered to be means to apply fluent medium to the work.
(3) Note. The coating of work, other than as provided for
herein, combined with a tool of this class will be found
either in the appropriate class for the coating device, or in
a class proving for the combination. (See References to Other
Classes of this class definition for specific lines).
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Device wherein
the means to apply the flowable substance includes a closed,
tubelike passageway through the tool* which is used to carry
the flowable substance either to or away from the work.
(1) Note. A tool, per se, having a passage therethrough
which passage is intended for application of fluent medium to
the work is proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for a tool having a passageway to receive an undisturbed
core of the workpiece.
207 for a tool having a chamber for receiving chips produced
by the cutting action of the tool.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein
the means for causing a substance to flow serves to create,
at an area, a pressure that is lower than the ambient
pressure, so that any surrounding gas is moved toward that
area by the ambient pressure.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein
the tool has a cutting edge at its axial tip, and wherein the
closed, tube-like passageway includes a port at the tip of
the tool.
(1) Note. The port of a passageway visible in an elevation
taken along the tool-axis toward the tool is considered to be
at the tip of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for a tool having a passageway extending to the tip
thereof, which passageway is to receive an undisturbed core
of the workpiece.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Device wherein
the passageway through the tool terminates in an aperture
specifically adapted to eject the flowable medium so that the
medium flows beyond the aperture with no restriction, other
than that impressed by inertia and/or gravity of the medium,
into engagement with the work or the cutting edge of the
tool.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Device having a
passageway terminating in an aperture specifically adapted to
eject the flowable medium so that the medium flows beyond the
aperture with no restriction, other than that impressed by
inertia and/or gravity of the medium, into engagement with
the work or the cutting edge of the tool.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a base for supporting the entire device against
gravity and active means to move or carry the work relative
to the base, toward the tool, along the tool-axis during the
cutting operation.
(1) Note. Included herein is a work- infeed* means, per se;
which, as disclosed, cooperates with a tool to perform an
operation of this class (408) type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for a tool, tool opposing work-engaging means and means
to move the tool relative to the work-engaging means.
111 for a tool, work-engaging means and means to move the
tool relative to the work-engaging means.
129 for tool-infeed* means.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device wherein
the work-infeed means is forced to move by the action of a
hydraulic or pneumatic prime mover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for structure of this class, including a fluid motor
adapted to move a tool toward an opposing, work-engaging
surface.
130 for similar structure including a fluid motor adapted to
drive a tool.
702 for an art digest of pneumatic drive structure for use
with a device of this class.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device
including a structure moving the infeed means which moving
structure includes a surface adapted to contact the infeed
means and move relative therewith to force the infeed means
to function by a camming-type cooperation therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for similar structure adapted to move a tool relative to
an opposing work-engaging surface.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device
including structure for moving the infeed means, which moving
structure includes a rigid element pivotally connected to the
infeed means.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Device
including structure for moving the infeed means which moving
structure includes an annular digitated element
interdigitating with ridges on the infeed means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 for gear driven tool-infeed means.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including either means to move the product* means to contain
the product, or product guiding means moving relative to the
tool during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for chip-guiding structure that partakes of all motion
of the tool during operation.
207 for a tool or tool with support wherein a portion that
partakes of all motion of the tool during operation is a
product-receiving chamber.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Device
including means to move the product off of or out of the
tool.
(1) Note. A stationary device used to block movement of the
product as a tool moves is not considered to be a product
handling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a presser-foot similar to structure found herein
combined with a tool-opposing work-engaging surface, but for
purposes other than ejecting a product from the tool.
112 for structure similar to the ejector of this subclass,
but for other purposes.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure for either moving, guiding or otherwise
influencing the transportation of the work* from a position
remote from the tool to a second position nearer than the
first to the tool, or including structure for supporting the
work in the vicinity of the tool and additional means to
engage the work and move the work relative to the tool and
work-supporting structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for similar structure including plural, simultaneously
operational tools.
89 for structure including a work-support shiftable about an
axis from a first to a second position, both of which
positions are within the vicinity of the tool.
91 for structure including a work-support shiftable
rectilinearly from a first to a second position, both of
which positions are in the vicinity of the tool.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Device
including means to cause the work to move step-by-step from a
first position remote from the tool, to a second position
remote from the tool, and on to a third position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for similar structure adapted to sequentially present
work to a plurality of tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, 221 for a milling
machine including an indexable work support.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Device wherein
the moving means is fixed to pivot about an axis so that the
work that it moves turns about that axis as it is advanced
toward the tool-station.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for similar structure adapted to present work to a
plurality of tools.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
with a tool or tool-supporting or guiding structure and
structure adapted to contact the work.
(1) Note. The work-contacting structure of this and the
subclasses indented hereunder usually serves to define a
kinematic relationship between the tool and the work.
(2) Note. The tool-supporting or guiding structure and the
work-contacting structure may be fixed together to function
as a single unit. (See especially subclass 115 and this, the
outdent, subclass).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241 for a tool-guiding jig (or "Drill Bushing") lacking a
work-contacting surface.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including a tool, tool-supporting structure, provision to
secure the tool in a position to perform a cutting operation
of the class type, and means to cause the securing provision
to become ineffective so that the tool can move relative to
the tool-supporting structure and relative to the work into
an inoperative position; wherein the means to cause the
securing provision to become ineffective includes a surface
adapted to contact the work and thereby cause the means to
function.
(1) Note. The securing provision of this subclass includes a
moving means as well as a means to permit movement of the
tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for similar structure including "control" means.
142 for structure to secure to a tool in position, having
means to release the tool in response to movement of a
splined shaft relative to the tool.
148 for structure to secure a tool in position, having means
to release the tool according to relative movement of machine
parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
407, Cutters, for Shaping, for a tool or tool-assemblage
adapted to perform a cutting function while moving radially.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a cutting machine
including a cutting tool which performs a cutting function
while moving radially.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Device wherein
the work-contacting surface that serves to cause the securing
provision to become ineffective abuts the work at the
tool-axis*.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including means adapted to be in the tool-support prior to
the cutting operation so that the device can be precisely
positioned, which means is to be removed from the
tool-support so that the tool can be positioned therein to
function in the cutting operation.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein
the work is attracted to the work-engaging means by either,
(1) the action on ferrous work of aligned molecules in the
additional means; or, (2) by the reduction of atmospheric
pressure in restricted areas between the work-engaging
surface and the work to cause the work to be urged toward the
surface by atmospheric pressure acting on other areas of the
work.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure includes an annular member
rotatably connected to the device at the central axis of the
member, and adapted to rest upon the work to sustain
thereupon at least a substantial portion of the device
against gravity during the cutting operation.
(1) Note. The annular work-contacting structure of this
subclass is normally used to support and transport the device
when the device is not being used to perform an operation of
this class type.
(2) Note. This subclass is to receive cross-reference copies
of portable, wheel-supported cutting machines wherein the
wheels are not resting on the work at the time when the
cutting operation is taking place.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Device wherein
the central axis about which the annular member rotates
extends in the same direction as the tool-axis* during the
cutting operation.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure is adapted to be received by a
passageway through or a recession in the surface of the work
so that the work-contacting structure may contact the wall of
the passageway or the recession to stabilize a portion of the
device relative to the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for a structure that passes through a passageway in the
work to secure a tool-opposing, work-engaging means to the
device, wherein there is no disclosure of stabilization of
the structure caused by engagement with the walls of the
passageway.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device wherein
the work-contacting means is adapted to contact the wall of a
cylindrical opening in the work, the axis of which opening is
co-extensive with the tool-axis.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Device wherein
the cutting tool is adapted to engage and modify
characteristics of the passageway or recession contacted by
the additional work-contacting means.
(1) Note. The work-contacting means of this subclass may
contact the wall of the passageway or recession at a point
remote from the operating tool.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure is adapted to contact the wall
of the passageway at a point that will be later subjected to
the cutting action if the tool is allowed to continue to
progress.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure is adapted to contact the wall
of the passageway at a point that has been subjected to the
cutting action of the tool, wherein the radius of the wall of
the cylindrical opening contacted by the work-contacting
means is the same as the radius being cut by the tool.
Subclass:
83.5
Valve fitting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Apparatus
comprising structure particularly adapted to cut a shape on a
workpiece to serve in cooperation with an opposing surface to
selectively permit passage of fluid therebetween.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure includes a surface similar to
the inside of a cone, which surface is specifically adapted
to receive a projecting portion of the work to align that
portion of the work relative to the device.
(1) Note. The "conical" surface of this subclass is not
necessarily circular in cross-section. However, it must be
three-dimensional. For example, a simple notch adapted to
align a rod is not considered to be similar to a cone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for a tool combined with a relatively movable
work-engaging surface which may have a notch therein to align
a rod.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device in which
the work-contacting structure penetrates the work surface at
a point which has not been previously modified.
(1) Note. The work-penetrating structure of this subclass is
not to be confused with the device of Class 83, Cutting, or
the device of Class 72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein,
the penetrating means must solely facilitate the securing or
aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to work and
the depression formed must be unused at any other time for
any other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for means to "form" a recession in the work that is not
separate from the tool or the tool-support, wherein the tool
is positionable relative to the tool-support.
208 for a tool of this class including a lead screw adapted
to "form" a recession in the work, a product-receiving
chamber, and a cutting edge.
214 for a tool of this class including a material
penetrating lead screw and a cutting edge.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure penetrates the work-surface at
the tool-axis*.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device wherein
the work-contacting structure is positioned to contact the
work on the side directly opposite the side initially engaged
by the operating cutting tool such that the work-contacting
structure tends to resist movement of the work away from the
tool, along the tool-axis during the cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for a tool-opposing, work-engaging surface that is part
of a structure of this class including a plurality of tools.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device
including a base for supporting the device and structure for
allowing the device to be modified in such a way that the
axis about which the tool turns during the cutting operation
is relocated relative to the base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for means to carry a plurality of tools and to
selectively present one or another of the tools to the work.
46 for means to reposition one of a plurality of
simultaneously operational tools.
89 for structure including means for shifting the
work-contacting structure about an axis relative to the
tool-axis where it is not clear if the tool-axis or the
work-engaging structure is shifted.
91 for structure including means for shifting the
work-contacting structure laterally relative to the tool-axis
where it is not clear if the tool-axis or the work-engaging
structure is shifted.
99 for an axially moving tool loosely mounted and freely
positionable in a work-contacting structure, the
work-contacting structure serving to merely counteract the
thrust of the tool against the work and support only that
part of the tool-supporting structure transmitting thrust
thereto.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device
including structure allowing the work-contacting structure to
be pivoted relative to the tool, about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for similar structure adapted to support a workpiece and
move it, in a support, to bring the workpiece about an axis
from a remote position to a position to be engaged by the
tool.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Device wherein
the axis about which the work-contacting structure is allowed
to pivot extends in the same direction as the tool-axis.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device
including structure allowing the tool-opposing
work-contacting structure to be moved, relative to the tool,
in a direction other than parallel to the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for similar structure adapted to support a workpiece and
move it, in a support to bring the workpiece from a remote
position to a position to be engaged by the tool.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device wherein
the tool-opposing work-contacting surface is constructed
either of plaint material or of a plurality of interconnected
links and is connected to tool guiding or supporting
structure at the lateral extremities thereof.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device for
modifying the bore of a previously existing passageway
through the work wherein the work-contacting structure is
secured to other parts of the device by means extending into
and beyond the passageway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for similar structures wherein the securing structure or
the work-contacting structure is specifically adapted to
frictionally engage the side wall of the passageway.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Device having
an additional work-contacting structure adapted to cooperate
with the first work-contacting structure to grip the work
therebetween, wherein the first work-contacting structure
engages the work on the side opposite the direction of tool
approach resisting movement of the work away from the tool
and the second work-contacting structure engages the work on
the side initially engaged by the operating tool urging the
work away from the operating tool to grip the work between
the first and second work-contacting structures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for similar structure wherein the tool-opposing surface
is connected to the tool than through the passageway being
enlarged by the tool.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device with a
second work-contacting structure to engage the work from the
same side as the tool so that this second work-contacting
structure tends to push the work along the tool-axis, away
from the tool and toward the first work-contacting structure
during the cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for a presser-foot used with a plurality of tools.
68 for a presser-foot adapted to fraction to move the
product away from the tool.
94 for structure including a tool opposing work-engaging
structure and a presser- foot connected together through the
opening being enlarged by the tool.
103 for other cooperating, work-gripping surfaces wherein
neither is in tool-opposing position.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device wherein
the second work-contacting means includes a surface for
engaging the work in the vicinity of the tool-axis as the
tool sweeps in a circle extending radially beyond the second
work-contacting structure and wherein the tool is void of a
cutting edge in the vicinity contacted by the second
work-contacting structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for a presser-foot encompassed by the tool, wherein the
presser-foot also serves to eject a piece of product out of
the confines of the tool.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device
including a tool-encircling structure advanced of any
tool-driving structure along the tool-axis, which encircling
structure is adapted to slidingly engage the tool and thereby
restrict the tool from moving or flexing laterally.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for nonadjustable structure that is similar to the device
found herein, but lacking a tool-opposing work-engaging
structure.
115 for adjustable structure that is similar to the device
found herein, but lacking a tool-opposing work-engaging
structure.
241 for similar structure lacking any work-engaging
structure.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Device
supported by structure adapted to rest on a generally
stationary surface remote from the tool during operation.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device
including structure to cause relocation of the tool with
respect to the work-contacting structure in the direction
parallel with the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for similar structure, including a machine-supporting
base and means to move the work, relative to the base, toward
the tool, along the tool-axis.
92 for similar structure wherein the tool-opposing
work-contacting structure is flexible or concatenated.
111 for similar structure having a work-contacting surface
that does not oppose the tool.
129 for tool-moving structure lacking a work-engaging means
in addition to the tool.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Device wherein
the structure for causing relocation includes a surface
adapted to contact either tool or work-contacting means and
move relative thereto to cause relocation by a camming or
wedging cooperation therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for similar structure adapted to move work toward a tool
and relative to a base caring operation.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Device wherein
the camming means includes a helically disposed inclined
plane rotatable about an axis in alignment with the
tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for a screw used to drive a tool to move axially in the
absence of a work-contacting structure.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device
including a helically ribbed tool or tool-support adapted to
interfit with nonrotating structure of the frame of the
machine supporting the entire assemblage so that the tool
moves axially relative to the nonrotating structure and the
work-engaging structure as it rotates to perform a cutting
function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for similar structure lacking work-engaging means in
addition to the tool.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including structure for supporting a pair of surfaces and
means to move one of the surfaces toward the other to
grippingly contact a workpiece held therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a device including work gripping surfaces wherein one
surface of the pair is a tool-opposing surface.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device wherein
the work-contacting surfaces are shaped to grip cylindrical
work and hold that work so that the cylindrical axis thereof
is in substantial alignment with the tool-axis.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device
including means to move both of the work-contacting surfaces
simultaneously toward each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for oppositely moving clamps adapted to grip other than
coaxially.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Device
including more than two surfaces having means to cause them
to simultaneously move to converge upon and grip the
cylindrical workpiece.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Device wherein
the work-contacting surfaces are supported by structure
adapted to rest on a generally stationary surface, remote
from the tool during operation.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including means to move both of the work-contacting surfaces
simultaneously toward each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for oppositely moving clamps adapted to grip round
work.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including means to permit the structure supporting the
work-contacting surfaces to be repositioned laterally
relative to the tool-axis.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including means to support the tool while permitting the tool
to rotate relative thereto, which supporting means is fixed
to travel axially with the tool as the tool travels relative
to the work-contacting structure and the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for similar structure combined with a work-encircling
flexible or concatenated member.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Device
including structure to cause relocation of the tool with
respect to the work-contacting structure in the direction
parallel to the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for tool-moving structure including a machine supporting
base and means to move the work relative to the base toward
the tool along the tool-axis.
99 for tool-moving structure combined with a tool-opposing,
work-engaging surface.
129 for similar structure lacking a work-contacting surface
in addition to the tool.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Device
including yieldable means adapted to urge the tool along the
tool-axis in the direction away from the work during the
cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for means to bias work away from a plurality of
simultaneously acting tools.
68 for means to bias work away from a tool and eject the
product of the cutting operation away from the tool.
95 for a biased presser foot combined with a tool and a
tool-opposing work-engaging surface.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including means to axially secure the work-contacting
structure to the tool while permitting relative rotation
therebetween so that for any axial advance of the tool, there
is equal axial advance of the work-contacting surface.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Device wherein
the portion of the work-contacting structure that meets the
work is generally planar and is positioned such that one
dimension thereof extends in the same direction as the
tool-axis.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Device
including a tool-encircling structure advanced of any
tool-driving structure along the tool-axis, which encircling
structure is adapted to slidingly engage the tool and thereby
restrict the tool from moving or flexing laterally, which
device includes provision to permit the work-contacting
structure to be repositioned relative to the tool-encircling
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for similar structure lacking provision for adjustment.
97 for similar structure including a tool-opposing,
work-engaging surface,
241 for a tool-guiding jig (or "drill-bushing") lacking a
work-contacting surface.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure specifically provided to receive means
for determining and designating a characteristic of the
device, work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for the combination of a device of this class type with
an indicator.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure adapted to sustain a plurality of
separately formed tools, consisting of (1) a plurality of
tools of this class type adapted to operate simultaneously,
which are not fixed to move together during the cutting
operation; or, (2) a plurality of independent tools adapted
to be used separately.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for a complete machine (i.e., work-supporting structure
in combination with tool-supporting structure, including a
plurality of tools.
188 for a device having a tool that is movable about an axis
to expose different areas of the tool, which areas are to be
used in the cutting operation, wherein only one cutting
station is operatable at a given time.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Device wherein
separately formed tools are mounted to simultaneously turn
about a same tool-axis, which tools are not fixed to move
together during the cutting operation.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device
including resilient means urging the tools to move together
along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool or a tool-support and means fixed thereto,
including means for supplying torque to the tool, and
including means located between the tool and the means for
supplying torque thereto for locking the tool to the
torque-supplying means when torque is supplied in one
direction, which locking means is inoperative for
transmitting torque when attempt is made to transmit torque
in the opposite direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 60, for ratchet structure of general utility,
especially ratchet structure adapted to rotate a wrench or
screwdriver.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device
including means acting to urge the tool along the tool-axis
toward the work.
(1) Note. A resilient member may be considered to "urge the
tool" as required herein.
(2) Note. A ratchet type, torque-applying means combined
with means to apply thrust will be found herein, even if the
device would otherwise be considered to be torque applying
ratchet of general utility such as is found in Class 81,
subclasses 60+.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device
including provision to allow the locking means to be
operative to transmit torque selectively in either direction
(and correspondingly to be inoperative in the respective
opposite direction).
(1) Note. A ratchet device that is simply turned over to
reverse the output is not considered proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for a reversible ratchet without a thrust-applying
means.
Subclass:
122.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device
including additional provision to cause the torque-supplying
means to continue to act on the tool in the same direction
when the supplying means is moved in the reverse direction.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Device
including provision to allow the locking means to be
operative to transmit torque selectively in either direction
(and correspondingly to be inoperative in the respective
opposite direction).
(1) Note. A ratchet device that is simply turned over to
reverse the output is not considered proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for a reversible ratchet combined with thrust-applying
means.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including tool-sustaining structure and means to move the
tool axially and/or to rotate the tool against the work
during the cutting operation wherein the moving means
comprises either (1) structure that moves relative to the
tool and relative to the tool-sustaining structure, or
comprises (2) resilient stored energy means, electrical
(e.g., magnet or solenoid) means, or hydraulic means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for drive structure particularly adapted to transmit to
the tool reciprocating motion of increasing stroke length or
of changing datum such that the tool is progressively
advanced toward the work.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device
including a tool having a particular, claimed structure for
performing an operation of this class type.
(1) Note. Because of the placement of this subclass, it
serves as a filter through which only drive means brought
into this class by machine-frame* structure may pass. (See
the lines between this class and classes of drive structure
expressed in References to Other Classes of the definition of
this class).
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device wherein
the means to drive the tool includes first and second
rotatable members, each of which has a generally uniform
surface of revolution, wherein the first member is supplied
with rotary effort and the second member is connected to the
tool, the two members being adapted to engage each other at a
portion of their respective surfaces of revolution to
transmit rotary effort from the first to the second (and
thereby to the tool) in proportion with the pressure applied
to force the surfaces into engagement with each other.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device
including either (1) a driveshaft turning about an axis that
intersects and is skewed with respect to the tool-axis, which
driveshaft is rotatably connected to the tool at the point
where the tool-axis and the driveshaft-axis intersect so that
rotary effort is transmitted from the driveshaft to the tool;
or including (2) a shaft-like member connected to the tool to
rotate therewith, which shaft-like member is adapted to bend
and transmit rotary effort from a driveshaft turning about an
axis other than the tool-axis directly to the tool; wherein
the means to apply rotary effort is capable of functioning
over a range of tool-axis/driveshaft-axis angles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for flexible drive structure for plural tools, combined
with work-contacting structure.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device wherein
the tool driving structure includes an annular drum rotatable
about an axis and includes an endless, flexible band adapted
to be wrapped about the drum to transmit rotary effort from a
remote rotating body to the drum by frictional engagement
therewith.
(1) Note. Because of the particular relationship of the band
and drum of the device in this subclass, it is deemed that a
device including a specific drum combined with a band that is
merely implied is proper for placement in this subclass.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device
including structure to cause relocation of the tool in the
direction parallel with the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for work-infeed* means similar in construction to the
device of this subclass.
99 for drive structure combined with a tool-opposing,
work-engaging means.
111 for means to drive a tool along the tool-axis, combined
with work-engaging means other than the tool.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein
the structure to cause relocation of the tool includes a
motor driven by hydraulic or pneumatic pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for work-infeed means driven by a fluid motor.
124 for fluid means to cause a tool to rotate.
702 for a digest specific to pneumatic drive means.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device
including frame structure for supporting the tool and
tool-drive structure against gravity and including provision
to allow the tool to be selectively shifted relative to the
frame, in a direction other than parallel to the tool-axis,
so that the tool-axis is relocated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for a laterally adjustable tool combined with
tool-opposing work-engaging surface.
234 for adjustable machine frame structure lacking
tool-drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, for a device wherein a tool is shifted
laterally during the cutting operation and wherein the
material cut is wood.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for structure
including a tool shifted laterally during the cutting
operation, generally.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device
including means for transmitting rotary effort to a driven
shaft from a driving shaft, the transmitting means including
a first part fixed to move with the driven shaft and a second
part fixed to move with the driving shaft, the parts being
arranged to selectively be connected together, so that rotary
effort can selectively be transmitted from the driving shaft
to the driven shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for structure of this class including a torque-applying
clutch.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Device
including an input means connected to a remote source of
power and an output means adapted to transmit power from that
source to the tool, wherein the drive means includes
provision to change the velocity of the output means without
a corresponding change in velocity of the input means.
(1) Note. An "input" means is any moving part of a device to
which power is applied; whereas an "output" means is any
moving part of that device from which power is supplied to
another device; therefore, the "output" of one device may be
the input of the other device.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Device
including provision to cause the means for transmitting
rotary effort selectively to be triggered to function in
accord to the position of the tool along the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for similar structure including control means.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein
the tool or a portion of the tool-support includes an
elongate, transversely grooved surface that is parallel with
the tool-axis; which device includes a member rotatable about
an axis generally parallel to the undulations of the grooved
surface, having ribs adapted to interdigitate with the
grooves of the surface of the tool or tool-support in order
to cause infeed of the tool in reaction to rotation of the
ribbed member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for gear driven work-infeed* means.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device
including a generally elongated member having a portion at
one end thereof adapted to be engaged by and receive force
from the hand or foot of an operative, a portion at the other
end of the member adapted to engage and receive force from
the frame of the machine, and including a third portion
intermediate the other two portions adapted to move the tool
responsive to the applied forces.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein
the structure which moves relative to the tool and relative
to the tool-sustaining structure for causing relocation is
rotatable about an axis in alignment with the tool-axis and
includes a helically disposed, inclined surface adapted to
contact either the tool or tool-sustaining structure and move
relative thereto to cause relocation by a camming or wedging
cooperation therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for a drive screw coaxial with the tool, combined with a
tool-opposing work-engaging surface.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a helically-ribbed tool or tool-support adapted to
interfit with nonrotating structure of the frame of the
machine supporting the entire assemblage so that the tool
moves axially relative to the nonrotating structure as it
rotates to perform a cutting function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for similar structure including a tool-opposing,
work-engaging surface.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool or a tool-support combined with means for
transmitting rotary effort to the tool from a driving shaft
that is coaxial with the tool, the transmitting means
including a first part fixed to move with the tool and a
second part fixed to move with the driving shaft, the parts
being arranged to selectively be connected together, so that
rotary effort can selectively be transmitted from the driving
shaft to the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for similar structure wherein the tool-axis and the axis
of the driving shaft are not coextensive.
129 for a torque-applying clutch combined with tool-drive
means.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Device wherein
the first and second parts include generally planar surfaces
that abut so that they yieldably rub against each other to
transmit rotary effort, the rotary effort transmitted being
proportional to the pressure used to force the part into
abutment.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool or tool-support combined with means for
transmitting rotary effort to the tool from a driving shaft
that is coaxial with the tool, the transmitting means
including a rib, groove, or pin in either the tool-support or
the driving shaft extending parallel to the tool-axis and
including means on the other element to slidably interengage
therewith, so that the shaft and tool-support are rotatably
fixed together, but axially movable, one relative to the
other.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Device
including means actuated by movement of the driving shaft and
the tool-support, the actuated means serving to permit the
tool to move relative to the tool-support and out of
operative relationship with the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for similar means actuated by contact with the work.
148 for similar means actuated relative movement of machines
parts.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure to sustain a tool against gravity and
partake of substantially all of the tool motion during the
cutting operation and including either (1) means to impart to
the tool a vibration characteristic different from that
vibration characteristic imparted by the reaction of the tool
and work, such that the resultant vibration characteristic of
the tool is less than that imparted by the reaction of the
tool and work, or (2) means specifically to absorb the energy
of a vibrating tool.
(1) Note. The purpose of the device of this subclass is to
reduce or eliminate resultant vibration of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for a tool-carrier with means to cause the cutting edge
of the tool to vibrate progressively toward the work.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool composed of a plurality of particularly
recited materials.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to serve as the locus of
devices including a tool for performing an operation of this
class type, which tool is constructed of a plurality of
materials which may be secured together by releasable means,
bonded together, or welded together so that the resultant
properties of such a composite tool are considered to be
better than those of a tool made of a single material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
713 for a digest of tools having a detachable cutting edge,
which may be of different material than the tool body.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool, the cutting edge of which is at least in
part of material that is either a natural crystal or is the
character of a natural crystal.
(1) Note. The "natural crystal" of this subclass definition
is not intended to include a stone shaped as a cutting
tooth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, for a machine including a crystalline cutting
instrumentality other than as provided for in the definition
of Class 408. (Note that Class 451 has not been screened for
art proper for Class 408.)
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure to sustain a tool against gravity during
the cutting operation, and mechanical means to displace the
tool and hold the tool in position relative to the sustaining
structure.
(1) Note. It is to be understood that the "means to move" of
this subclass requires merely that the structure reasonably
may be utilized to force a tool to move relative to a
tool-support.
(2) Note. A simple spring or gravity-type tool-urging device
is not considered to be "means to move" as required herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for a machine
including a rotating cutter that is moved laterally and/or
radially of the tool-axis during operation.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Device wherein
the mechanical means serves to displace the tool so that the
cutting edge thereof is moved toward or away from the
tool-axis.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device
including structure for moving the tool radially, structure
for locking the tool in an extended (i.e., operatable)
position and, including provision to release the locking
means in response to the occurrence of an anticipated
condition.
(1) Note. In most of the patents herein the tool or the
tool-moving means is resiliently biased against the locking
device by a spring adapted to move the tool out of operative
position upon movement of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for locking structure similar to that found herein, but
for interlocking one machine member and then releasing that
member in response to the position of another machine
element.
5 for means for sensing condition and provision to terminate
operation of a machine in response thereto.
8 for control means energized by a detector.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Device
including provision to activate the structure for locking the
tool and provision to release the locking structure wherein
the activating provision and the releasing provision are
separate and independently operating, so that the operation
of either does not bring about a corresponding operation of
the other.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device wherein
the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that
actuation of the displacing means causes the tool to be moved
relative to the tool-sustaining structure about an axis
parallel to, but not concentric with the tool axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by
the action of an axially slidable means and wherein the tool
is displaced about an axis that is not parallel to the
tool-axis.
180 for similar structure wherein the axis about the tool is
displaced not parallel to the tool-axis.
187 for similar structure lacking means to displace the
tool.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Device
including, in addition to the tool-sustaining and
tool-displacing means, provision to permit the tool to be
positioned relative to the tool-support.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device wherein
the tool or a portion of the tool-support contacting the tool
includes an elongate, transversely grooved surface; which
device includes a member rotatable about an axis generally
parallel to the undulations of the grooved surface, having
ribs adapted to interdigitate with the grooves of the surface
of the tool or tool-support in order to cause the tool to
move radially in reaction to rotation of the ribbed member.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Device in
which the displacement of the tool is caused either (1) by a
member comprising a first and a second face, the faces
meeting at an acute angle, adapted to be actuated
substantially parallel to the first face, so that a tool
slidably engaging the second face is displaced; (2) by a
member having a helically- ribbed surface rotatable relative
to a cooperating surface so that the ribbed surface and the
cooperating surface are relatively displaced along the axis
about which the helically ribbed surface rotates; whereby, a
tool connected to one of the surfaces is displaced; or, (3)
by a member which oscillates or rotates relative to the tool
about a center and carries a surface composed of fixes points
of varying distance from the center, which surface imparts
motion to a follower in contact therewith, which motion
varies in accordance with the varying distances of the fixed
points on the surface from the center of the member.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device
including an element adapted to yield without exceeding the
elastic limit thereof, which element is operatively connected
to the tool to project said tool in opposition to said
displacing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
714 an art digest, for similar structure lacking means to
move the tool radially, but including resiliently yieldable
structure to allow the tool to move relative to tool-support
structure or relative to other portions of the tool.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Device wherein
said tool is inwardly urged against the displacing means by
an annular, tool-encompassing, resilient means which
restrains said tool against radial expansion.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Device wherein
the resilient member is a flexible portion of the tool or
tool-support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
714 an art digest, for a resilient tool lacking tool moving
means.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device
including a pair of cutting tools, each mounted to be
displaced radially outwardly from the tool-axis and axially
toward the work, which tools are interconnected so that
movement of one of the tools is accompanied by a similar
movement of the other tool.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device wherein
the displacing member is actuated to move in a direction
parallel to the tool-axis.
(1) Note. The displacing member provided for in this
subclass may rotate relative to the tool as it moves along
the tool-axis, but otherwise is not to move other than
parallel to the tool-axis.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein
the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that
actuation of the tool-displacing means causes the tool to be
moved about an axis relative to the tool-sustaining
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced
about an axis that is parallel to the tool-axis.
180 for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by
means other than an axially slidable moving means.
187 for a pivotable tool lacking means to displace the tool
relative to the sustaining means.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein
the displacing member includes a plurality of successive
inclined surfaces adapted to correspond and coact with
oppositely inclined surfaces on the tool to effect
displacement of said tool.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device
including means to actuate the displacing member comprising a
helically ribbed element adapted to mesh with helical grooves
in the tool-support or in the displacing member so that
rotation of the ribbed element relative to the grooved member
serves to move the displacing member relative to the
tool-support.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein
the helically-ribbed element is adapted to turn about an axis
that is parallel to, but not concentric with the tool-axis.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein
said mechanism for displacing the tool comprises a ring
member concentric with the tool-axis embracing the tool,
adapted for movement along the tool-axis relative to the
tool-sustaining structure to contact the tool with an
inclined surface on the ring member and move the tool
radially.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for similar structure wherein the ring member is
displaced by means other than a helically-ribbed element.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Device
including a second ring member of structure and function
similar to the first, which second ring member is adapted to
simultaneously engage the same cutter in a different position
along the tool-axis from the first ring member.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device
including, in addition to the ring members, a mandrel movable
along the tool-axis having a tapered surface adapted to
engage a cooperating surface of the tool and urge the tool
toward the inclined surfaces of the ring members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for similar structure including a traveling wedge but
lacking axially-spaced tool-retaining wedge collars.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device wherein
the tool is provided with a recess to receive the ring member
as the ring member moves axially into engagement with the
tool.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Device wherein
one of the ring members is provided with a secondary ring
member in contact therewith and adapted to displace the
primary ring member along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Device wherein
the tool-displacing member is a mandrel movable along the
tool-axis including a tapered surface adapted to engage a
cooperating surface of the tool and to thereby displace the
tool radially.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for a traveling wedge cooperating with axially-spaced
wedge collars.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Device wherein
the axially- movable mandrel is shaped to conform to the
shape of the tool so that a portion thereof interdigitates
with a portion of the tool to restrict relative motion
therebetween to motion along the tapered surface of the
mandrel.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Device wherein
the portion of the tool or mandrel which serves to restrict
relative motion therebetween is detachable from both the tool
and the mandrel.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Device wherein
said displacing member includes a helically-grooved extension
adapted to cooperatively mesh with a helically-ribbed
actuating element or with a helically-ribbed portion of the
tool-support so that relative rotation of the cooperatively
meshing parts serves to move said displacing member.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device wherein
said mechanism for displacing the tool comprises a ring
member concentric with the tool-axis embracing the tool,
adapted for movement along the tool-axis relative to the
tool-sustaining structure to contact the tool with an
inclined surface on the ring member and move the tool
radially.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for similar structure wherein the ring member is
displaced by a helically- ribbed element.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in
which displacement of the tool is caused by a member which
oscillates or rotates relative to the tool about a center and
carries a surface composed of fixed points of varying
distances from the center, which surface imparts motion to
follower in contact therewith, which motion varies an
accordance with the varying distances of the fixed points on
the surface from the center of the member.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Device wherein
the displacing member turns about the tool-axis and carries
first and second surfaces, parallel to one another and of
fixed points of varying distance from the axis, which
surfaces cooperate with a follower to impart motion to the
follower and to restrict movement of the follower.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device wherein
the first and second surfaces extend through at least 3605
and progressively vary in distance from the center.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device with
mechanical means to cause the displacing member to move about
its said center.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device
including structure adapted to determine the extent of
movement about a center that the tool-displacing member turns
which determining structure can be regulated to vary the
extend of movement of the tool-displacing member.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Device wherein
the tool-displacing member is mounted to turn, relative to
the tool-sustaining structure, about the tool-axis.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in
which the displacement of the tool is caused by a member
comprising a first and a second face, the faces meeting at an
acute angle, adapted to be actuated substantially parallel to
the first face, so that a tool slidably engaging the second
face is displaced; wherein, the displacing member is moved
radially relative to the tool-support in a plane normal to
the tool-axis.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device wherein
the tool is secured to the tool-sustaining structure so that
actuation of the tool-displacing means causes the tool to be
moved about an axis relative to the tool-sustaining
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced
about an axis that is parallel to the tool-axis.
159 for similar structure wherein the tool is displaced by
an axially-slidable moving means.
187 for a pivotable tool lacking means to displace the tool
relative to the sustaining means.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Device in
which the displacement of the tool is caused by a member
having a helically-ribbed surface rotatable relative to a
cooperating surface so that the ribbed surface and the
cooperating surface are relatively displaced along the axis
about which the helically-ribbed surface rotates; whereby, a
tool connected to one of the surfaces is displaced; wherein,
the member having a helically-ribbed surface is rotatable
about an axis that intersects and is normal to the
tool-axis.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device
including a second tool adapted to be displaced by a second
means as described under clause (2) of the definition of
subclass 153 wherein the second member having a
helically-ribbed surface is rotatable about the same axis as
the first similar member.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Device wherein
the first member having a helically-ribbed surface and the
second similar member are fixed together so that rotation of
one directly results in rotation of the other.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device wherein
the tool or tool-support includes a body portion having a
crest formed in the peripheral surface thereof, said crest
extending along a spiral path deflected along the tool-axis
and serving to engage the work and to thereby guide the tool
during cutting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for a tool or tool-support having spiral tool-guiding
crests.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Device
including movable means to grip and thereby secure the tool
to the tool-sustaining structure and including mechanical
means adapted to move the gripping means to effect the
gripping action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for similar structure not including means to move the
tool relative to the tool-support.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including structure to sustain a tool against gravity during
cutting operation and including manually-operated securing or
holding means which allows the tool to assume various
positions relative to its sustaining structure prior to
cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for similar structure wherein the securing means may be
used to move the tool relative to the tool-support; or for
similar structure combined with means to move the tool
relative to the tool-support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
407, Cutters, for Shaping, for an adjustable tool and support
physically restricted to cut rotating work; and for an
adjustable tool and support usable alternatively to cut while
rotating and moving axially and moving laterally or radially
of the tool-axis toward the work during operation.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device wherein
the sustaining structure includes a connection permitting
movement of the tool about an axis allowing the tool to
assume various preselected positions relative to the
tool-sustaining structure prior to cutting operation.
(1) Note. Included among the patents of this subclass is a
device having a cutting tool that is positionable in a
retracted, inoperatable state and in an extended, operatable
state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for an eccentrically-mounted tool with means to move the
tool relative to the tool-support.
159 for a pivotable tool with an axially- slidable tool
moving means.
180 for structure including a pivotally- mounted tool
combined with means to move the tool relative to the
tool-sustaining structure.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Device wherein
the tool is movable about the axis to expose different areas
of the tool, which different areas are to be used in the
cutting action.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device
including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the
tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from
the tool-axis.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include a reamer
having a section wherein the cutting edge(s) is in a cylinder
parallel with the tool-axis and a tapered lead section
wherein the cutting edge(s) lie in a cone concentric with the
tool-axis because it cannot be said that the cutting edges
are different radial distances from the tool-axis.
(2) Note. Included herein is a tool having a cutting edge(s)
in a first cone concentric with the tool-axis and a cutting
edge(s) in a second cone also concentric with the tool-axis,
even if the cutting edges meet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for a tool having stepped cutting edges and a core
receiving central portion.
223 for a tool, per se, having stepped cutting edges.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device
including a first means to permit one of the cutting edges to
be displaced radially toward or away from the tool-axis to
modify the diameter of the circle described by that cutting
edge and including a second means to permit the same cutting
edge to be displaced longitudinally along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device in
which said cutting edges can be displaced toward and from
each other along the tool-axis without changing the radial
sweep of the edge.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device
including means detachably positioned on the tool-support
adapted to abut the surface of a workpiece after a
predetermined amount of travel of the tool into the
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for similar devices wherein there is no means to permit
positioning of the tool relative to the tool-support.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Device wherein
one of the cutting-edges is at the tool-axis and wherein
manually-operated securing means allows the tool-element that
supports that cutting edge to assume various positions along
the tool-axis.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Device wherein
one of the cutting edges of the tool diverges from the
tool-axis radially outwardly in the direction in which the
tool is advanced toward the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for a tool or tool with support including an inversely
angled cutting edge.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device
including a work-contacting structure adapted to penetrate
the work-surface at a point which has not been previously
modified.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass is not to be confused
with the device of Class 83, Cutting, or the device of Class
72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating
means must be disclosed solely as means facilitating the
securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to
the work and the depression formed must be unused at any
other time for any other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for the combination of a tool of this class type with a
work-penetrating means that is movable relative to the tool
during the cutting operation.
208 for a tool of this class including a lead screw adapted
to "form" a recession in the work, a product-receiving
chamber, and a cutting edge.
214 for a tool of this class including a
material-penetrating lead screw and a cutting edge.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device
including a work-engaging protuberance, concentric with the
tool-axis, axially advanced of all cutting edges of the tool
and specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface
configuration of the work and thereby restrict the tool while
in operation to move in a path according to configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for similar structure wherein the central-lead pin does
not partake of all the motion of the tool during the cutting
operation.
201 for a non-adjustable tool including a removable central
lead.
209 for a tool having a product receiving chamber and a
central lead.
225 for a tool having axially spaced, stepped cutting edges
and a central lead.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Device
including movable means to grip and thereby secure the tool
to the tool-sustaining structure and including mechanical
means adapted to move the gripping means to effect the
gripping action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185 for similar structure including a screw perpendicular to
the tool-axis to move the tool radially relative to the
tool-support.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Device wherein
the mechanical means serves to urge the tool-gripping means
in a direction parallel with the tool-axis to effect the
gripping action.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a tool* or a tool combined with a tool-support*.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
407, Cutters, for Shaping, for a tool or tool with support
physically restricted to cut rotating work; and for a tool or
tool with support usable alternatively to cut while rotating
and moving axially or to cut while rotating and approaching
the work by moving radially or laterally of the tool-axis
during operation.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including a member mounted on the tool-support adapted to
contact the work and including a margin adapted to perform a
cutting operation of the class type wherein either the
work-contacting member or the margin is adapted to be removed
from the tool-support.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein
said removable member is axially advanced of all cutting
edges of the tool and is specifically adapted to fit into an
existing surface configuration of the work and thereby
restrict the path of the tool while in operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
200 for a tool having a removable central lead-screw.
209 for a tool having a nondetachable central lead and a
product receiving chamber.
225 for a tool having axially spaced, stepped, cutting edges
and a nondetachable central lead.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein
the work-contacting member is specifically adapted to abut
the surface of the work after a predetermined amount of axial
advance of the tool relative to the work to thereby limit the
cutting action of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
192 for similar structure wherein the tool is adjustable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
433, Dentistry, subclass 75 for dental drills or broaches
having a depth-limiting member.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Device wherein
said work-contacting member can be repositioned relative to
the cutting edge.
Subclass:
203.5
Hollow milling tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including an axially facing recession, and including a
cutting edge adapted to rotate about that recession and
machine away the entire radially outer surface of a rod-like
workpiece passing, undisturbed on its axial extent, into the
recession.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device having
a forwardly projecting cutting end portion which delimits a
longitudinally extending opening or groove coaxial with the
tool-axis and having a diameter smaller than that of the
cylinder of revolution generated by the rotating cutting end
portion of the tool whereby a center section of work is
undisturbed during operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
703 for a digest of structure peculiar to the operation of
the tool of this subclass.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Device wherein
the longitudinally extending opening is connected to a
radially extending passageway to the outside of the device,
which passageway is adapted to permit passage or removal of
the undisturbed center section from the opening.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Device
including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the
tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from
the tool-axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for an adjustable tool having stepped cutting edges.
223 for a tool having stepped cutting edges, but no
core-receiving portion.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including a compartment completely enclosed, when viewed as a
cross-section normal to the tool-axis, the function of said
compartment being to store, temporarily, the product of the
cutting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for a device of this class type, combined with a product
receiving chamber that does not move with the tool during
operation.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Device
including a work-engaging protuberance positioned on the tool
axis, having a sharp helically disposed edge, which
protuberance is axially advanced of the cutting edges of the
tool and specifically adapted to penetrate the work-surface
and both stabilize the tool against lateral displacement and
pull the rotating tool through the work.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass is not to be confused
with the device of Class 83, Cutting, or the device of Class
72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating
means must be disclosed solely as means facilitating the
securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to
the work and the depression formed must be unused at any
other time for any other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for structure including means to "form" a depression in
work, which means is movable relative to the tool during
operation.
195 for similar structure wherein there is provision to
permit the tool to be positioned relative to the
tool-support.
214 for similar structure lacking a product-receiving
chamber.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Device
including a work-engaging protuberance, concentric with the
tool-axis, axially advanced of all cutting edges of the tool
and specifically adapted to fit into an existing surface
configuration of the work and thereby restrict the tool while
in operation to move in a path according to the
configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
201 for a tool having a central lead that is detachable from
the tool-support.
225 for a tool having a central lead, but lacking a product
receiving chamber.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
consisting of a helical-coil element, the axis of which is
co-extensive with the tool-axis, terminating at the axial
extremity thereof in a cutting edge, so that the tool is
constructed of a single, helically-wound element.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device wherein
a cutting edge* of the tool diverges from the tool-axis
radially outward and in the direction in which the tool is
advanced toward the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for similar structure including a tool having stepped
cutting edges and means to permit positioning of one of the
edges.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Device having
an additional cutting edge extending axially at the radially
outermost extremity of the leading portion of the tool, which
cutting edge projects axially beyond the other cutting edges
of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for similar structure lacking an inversely angled
cutting edge.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device having
a first and a second cutting edge, wherein the first cutting
edge extends at least somewhat radially of the tool-axis and
wherein the second cutting edge extends axially at the
radially outermost extent of the leading portion of the tool,
which second cutting edge projects axially beyond the other
cutting edge of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for similar structure including an inversely angled
cutting edge.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including a work-engaging protuberance positioned on the
tool-axis, having a sharp helically-disposed edge, which
protuberance is axially advanced of the cutting edge of the
tool and is specifically adapted to penetrate the
work-surface and both stabilize the tool against lateral
displacement and pull the rotating tool through the work.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass is not to be confused
with the device of Class 83, Cutting or the device of Class
72, Metal Deforming. To be placed herein, the penetrating
means must be disclosed solely as means facilitating the
securing or aligning of a cutting instrumentality relative to
the work and the depression formed must be unused at any
other time for any other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for similar structure including means to "form" a
depression in work, which means is movable relative to the
tool during operation.
195 for similar structure wherein there is provision to
permit the tool to be positioned relative to the
tool-support.
208 for similar structure having a product receiving
chamber.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device wherein
the tool or tool-support includes a body portion having a
crest formed in the peripheral surface thereof, said crest
extending along a spiral path deflected along the tool-axis,
and serving to engage the work and thereby guide the tool
during cutting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for similar structure combined with a tool-adjusting
screw that is perpendicular to the tool-axis.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device
including a surface for performing a class-type operation
that is at a distance from the tool-axis different from the
distance that the crest is from the tool-axis and is spaced
from the crest so that there is a void in the cutting action
between the crest and the operating surface.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device having
a plurality of cutting extremities adapted to follow one
another in a common kerf wherein a subsequently acting
extremity serves to make the kerf broader at a given level in
the work than a previously acting extremity.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Device wherein
the cutting extremities are formed at the surface of the tool
and are disposed along the tool-axis so that the base of one
extremity is at a distance from the tool axis different from
that of another extremity.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device
including a plurality of crests, each of which is part of a
cutting extremity or tooth wherein the teeth are positioned
along the tool-axis and wherein the crest of the teeth
nearest to the leading end of the tool are disposed to lie in
a cone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for a tool having pitch stabilizing ridges on teeth of
differing width, which teeth are disposed to lie in a cone.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Device wherein
at least one of said crests is formed specifically so that
the trailing portion thereof will either not touch the kerf
of the cutting edge or will touch it only in a specified
manner.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 71, for a cutting device
similar to that found in this subclass wherein the trailing
portion of the crest serves to stress the work beyond its
elastic limit.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Device wherein
said tool body portion comprises cutting crests which are
formed in the surface of said tool body portions and are
inwardly directed toward the tool-axis.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass is commonly called
threading die.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Device wherein
the crests are formed in the radially outer surface of the
tool body portions and are outwardly directed, extending
along a spiral deflected along the tool-axis.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass is commonly called a
threading tap.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including a plurality of cutting edges disposed about the
tool-axis and positioned at different radial distances from
the tool-axis.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include a reamer
having a section wherein the cutting edge(s) is in a cylinder
parallel with the tool-axis and a tapered lead section
wherein the cutting edge(s) lie in a cone concentric with the
tool-axis because it cannot be said that the cutting edges
are at different radial distances from the tool-axis.
(2) Note. Included herein is a tool having a cutting edge(s)
in a first cone concentric with the tool-axis and a cutting
edge(s) in a second cone also concentric with the tool-axis,
even if the cutting edges meet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for similar structure having means to permit positioning
of the tool relative to the tool-support.
206 for a tool having stepped cutting edges and a core
receiving central portion.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Device wherein
said cutting edges are separated one from the other, when
viewed as an elevation normal to the tool-axis.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Device
including a bearing member axially advanced of said cutting
edges and specifically adapted to fit into an existing
surface configuration of the work and thereby restrict the
path of the tool while in operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for an adjustable tool having a central lead.
201 for a tool having a removable central lead.
209 for a tool having a central lead and a product receiving
chamber.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including detailed characteristics of a portion of the tool
or tool-support generally concentric with the tool-axis and
adapted to be readily attached to or detached from a torque
transmitting tool-supporting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for a tool-support having portions of configuration to
supportingly engage a particular tool.
713 for an art grouping of patents reciting a separable tool
and tool-support wherein the details do not include details
of an element that is generally concentric with the
tool-axis.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Device
including a plurality of cutting-edges* disposed about the
tool-axis and separated, one from the other, when viewed in a
direction parallel to the tool-axis.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device
including a plurality of cutting edges each of which is
formed by a pair of radially extending, planar faces, each of
which planar faces is disposed on an angular attitude such
that, when the tool is viewed along the tool-axis, both of
the faces can be seen.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device wherein
the tool is provided with a void area of axial dimension to
permit passage of product of the cutting operation
therealong.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for a tool having a void for conveying fluid material to
the work.
204 for a tool having a void for permitting a portion of
undisturbed work to inter into the tool.
207 for a tool having a chamber for storage of chips.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Device wherein
the void area is of axial dimension and of circumferential
dimension so that it extends helically along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Device
including the combination of a tool-support*, a tool carried
by said support and means for securing said support and said
tool together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for a tool-support, per se, of particular utility of
this class.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Device wherein
the securing means comprises a member having a first and a
second planar surface intersecting at an acute angle, which
member serves to secure the tool to the tool-support by the
first surface being slid along a cooperating surface on the
tool-support so that the other surface of the member, by a
camming action serves to bind the tool against movement
relative to the tool-support.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Device wherein
said securing means is separate from the tool and is a
helically-ribbed member rotated about the axis of the helix
to hold the tool in position by interengagement between the
tool and the tool support.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising machine-frame* structure.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is the combination of
machine-frame structure with means for moving or securing one
element of the machine frame relative to another if this
action does not cause a tool* to function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for similar structure in combination with means to move
one machine element relative to another to cause a tool to
function.
199 for similar structure combined with a tool of this class
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for frame structure of
general utility.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Device
including weights and suspension apparatus for
counter-balancing the weight of the tool and
vertically-moving tool-sustaining structure.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Device
including a member adapted to support the tool-carrying or
tool-thrust counteracting structure and allow that structure
to assume various angular positions relative to said member.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Device wherein
the tool-carrying or tool-thrust receiving structure includes
a radially extending arm adapted to support said tool and
permit radial positioning of said tool therealong.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising structure to be connected to a tool for sustaining
the tool against gravity; which sustaining structure is to
partake of all movements of the tool and have no movement
relative to the tool during the operation of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 especially subclasses 226 and 231+, for similar
structure in combination with a tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, appropriate subclasses, for a
tool-holding chuck or socket of general utility. Examples of
holding means of "general utility" are as follows; (a) a
holding means having two or more separately classified,
disclosed but unclaimed utilities, (b) a holding means having
two or more separately classified utilities recited in the
same claim, and (c) a holding means of no particular utility
at all. A claim to a holding means of the specific utility of
this class (408) will be found in this subclass even if the
total disclosure is to a holding means of general utility.
(Usually a patent reciting a chuck having a plurality of jaws
that converge on a common axis are deemed to be of general
utility and therefore will be found in Class 279 while other
type tool-holders are deemed to be specific to use with a
tool of this class and are therefore to be found herein.)
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Device having
means mounted thereon to secure a tool to the sustaining
structure.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Device
including mechanical structure to move the securing means
into engagement with the tool and to cause the securing means
to grippingly engage the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for similar structure combined with a tool that is
adjustable relative to the tool-support.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which is not in conformance with the definition of
any prior subclass in this schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a miscellaneous process step for performing an
operation of this class.
72 especially the outdent subclass and subclass 115, for a
tool-guiding jig similar to the tool-guiding jig in this
subclass but adapted to contact a workpiece and establish a
relationship between the tool and the workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 104, for apparatus for process for
testing a cutting edge.
384, Bearings, 7 for linear bearing which can guide a
rotating shaft during linear movement.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published
disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the
cutting by rotating, axially moving tool art which aspects do
not form appropriate bases for subclasses in the forgoing
classification (i.e., subclasses superior hereto in the
schedule), wherein original copies of patents are placed on
the basis of proximate function of the apparatus. These
subclasses assist a search based on remote function of the
apparatus and may be of further assistance to the searcher,
either as a starting point in searching this class or as an
indication of further related fields of search inside or
outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a second
access for retrieval of a limited number of types of
disclosures. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for
their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
secondary fields of search, without regard to their original
classification or their claimed subject matter. The
disclosures found in the following subclasses are examples,
only, of the indicated subject matter and no instance do they
represent the entire extent of the prior art. See subclass
77+ for an art collection of all wheel mounted machines of
this class type, collected in a subclass providing for
devices normally supported on work by a wheel.
Subclass:
700
A step of or apparatus for performing an operation of the
class type by the application of vibrational energy at
frequencies above the range of human hearing (i.e., over,
20,000 hz.).
(1) Note. This digest subclass is intended as an aid to the
searcher for locating structure for performing cutting
operations by a tool of the class type, or for other
operations similar in result, (e.g., drilling holes in a
workpiece by application of ultrasonic energy without the use
of a rotating, axially moving tool.)
Subclass:
701
A step or apparatus for performing an operation similar to
the class type by the application of energy emitted by
molecules and atoms because of internal changes, which energy
travels in straight lines with the speed of light.
(1) Note. This digest subclass is intended to aid the
searcher to locate structure for cutting operations similar
in result to cutting of the class type such as cutting by the
application of laser or maser rays.
Subclass:
702
A step of or apparatus for performing an operation of the
class type by use of a tool driven to operate by a motor
powered by compressed air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for a fluid motor adapted to drive a work-infeed means.
130 for a fluid motor combined with a tool of the class type
or with a machine frame structure of the class type wherein
the motor is adapted to move the tool along the tool-axis.
Subclass:
703
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly for removing material from the work
by forming an annular trench therein, which trench is made
progressively deeper as the tool proceeds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for a tool, per se, for performing an operation of the
type of this subclass.
Subclass:
704
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings into work,
which openings are of unusually narrow cross-section.
Subclass:
705
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings into work,
which openings have an exceptionally high ratio of depth to
diameter.
Subclass:
706
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to cut openings in an
article composed of friction material to be utilized to
secure that article to a brake shoe.
Subclass:
707
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the wrist pin
opening in the piston of a conventional reciprocating piston
engine or particularly adapted to machine either the wrist
pin opening or the crankshaft opening in the connecting rod
of such an engine.
Subclass:
708
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the bearings or
the bearing supporting openings of a power plant, which
bearings or openings are for supporting the primary power
output shaft of such a power plant.
Subclass:
709
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus particularly adapted to machine the portion of a
conventional reciprocating piston engine through which the
piston, during operation of the engine reciprocates.
Subclass:
710
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A step
or apparatus including structure or provision to make the
operation less dangerous to the welfare of a man in the
vicinity of the apparatus or for protecting a part of the
machine against breakage or other damage.
Subclass:
711
This subclass is indented under the class definition. An
accessory for use with a device of the ... of particular
utility to make a broken tool* serviceable by the addition of
such accessory to the device.
Subclass:
712
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a work-support and including provision to support
an integral unit consisting of a handle, a motor, output
shaft and a tool-holding chuck as the tool support and power
supply thereof, which integral unit is a conventional
motorized hand-drill capable of operation independent of the
remainder of the structure.
Subclass:
713
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including an assemblage having the general configuration of a
tool, per se, wherein the cutting edge thereof is adapted to
be removed from the remainder of the assemblage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for similar structure wherein the portion of the
assemblage including the cutting edge and the remainder of
the assemblage are of different, claimed materials.
Subclass:
714
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including a tool and tool-support assemblage which includes
an element adapted to give sustaining effort to the tool and
further adapted to yield without exceeding the elastic limit
thereof and thereby allow the cutting edge of the tool to
move relative to other portions of the assemblage; or
including a tool, a portion of which is adapted to yield
without exceeding the elastic limit thereof and thereby to
allow the cutting edge of the tool to move relative to
another portion of the tool.
(1) Note. By the definition of a tool-support*, any motion
of the cutting edge relative thereto must be at a time when
the tool is not in operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for a resilient means connected at one end thereof to a
tool or a tool-support, which resilient means is adapted to
store energy therein and to release that energy to drive the
tool.
143 for yieldable means which may be resilient and is
particularly adapted to absorb vibration transmitted from the
tool.
154 for a tool, including means to move that tool radially
and including resilient means adapted to act in opposition to
the moving means.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000