U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
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(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 404
ROAD STRUCTURE, PROCESS, OR APPARATUS
Class Definition:
This class provides for (1) highway, pathway or walkway
structure, per se, including the form or arrangement of such
structure for vehicular or foot traffic; (2) processes for
making, installing, repairing or maintaining such structure;
and (3) apparatus for installing, making, repairing or
maintaining such structure where such structure, apparatus or
process is not otherwise classifiable as either (a)
specifically provided for in other loci or (b) of such
general utility as to be provided for elsewhere on the basis
of such general utility. (See Subclass References to the
Current Class, below, for known collections of such nature
and the particular lines of demarcation.)
(1) Note. Claims not controlling in Patents prior to 1930.
Patents prior to 1930 have not necessarily been classified by
claims so that the placement of these old patents does not
necessarily indicate lines of classification. Many of such
old patents have been classified in accordance with their
total disclosure. Most of the patents, however, regardless of
their age have been assigned in accordance with their claimed
subject matter.
(2) Note. This class (404) does not provide for materials
or compositions, per se, used in the construction,
maintenance or repair of roads. The identification of a
specific road component, otherwise solely set forth in terms
of its constituent materials, without significant structural
description of said component is still not enough to effect
classification in this class. See the search note, below,
under Subclass References to the Current Class, for the
specific loci for such materials and compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 2, 8, 19, 25, 34, 36, 37, 44, 45, 47, 70, 99, 134, and 135
for subject matter related to static structures, (e.g.,
buildings).
1 for subject matter related to railways.
1 10, 35, and 47 for subject matter related to railways:
surface track.
2 9, 101, and 111 for subject matter related to fluid
sprinkling, and diffusing.
2 48, 87, and 96 for subject matter related to static molds.
2 76, 77, 91, 95, and 133 for subject matter related to
hydraulic and earth engineering.
2 for subject matter related to pipes and tubular conduits.
4 and 25 for subject matter related to fluid handling.
4 for subject matter related to liquid purification or
separation.
6 and 25 for subject matter related to movable or removable
closures.
6 for subject matter related to fences.
9 for subject matter related to card, picture, or sign
exhibiting
9 16 for subject matter related to signals and indicators.
9 for subject matter related to communications: electrical.
9 12, 14, 15, and 22 for subject matter related to
illumination.
9 for subject matter related to synthetic resins or natural
rubbers.
14 16, and 23 for subject matter related to optics: systems
(including communication) and elements.
17 and 22 for subject matter related to stock material or
miscellaneous articles.
19 and 76 for subject matter related to synthetic resins or
natural rubbers.
19 for subject matter related to fire escape, ladder, or
scaffold.
20 and 112 for subject matter related to abrading.
25 for subject matter related to ventilation.
25 for subject matter related to locks.
35 89, 93, and 97 for subject matter related to brushing,
scrubbing, and general cleaning.
72 and 94 for subject matter related to adhesive bonding and
miscellaneous chemical manufacture.
72 and 84.05 for subject matter related to measuring and
testing.
72 75, and 76 for subject matter related to coating
processes.
73 and 99 for subject matter related to handling: hand and
hoist-line implements.
75 for subject matter related to plastic and nonmetallic
article shaping or treating processes.
76 for subject matter related to compositions.
77 and 95 for subject matter related to stoves and
furnaces.
77 for subject matter related to electric heating.
81 for subject matter related to classifying, separating,
and assorting solids.
85 90, 117, 121, 124, 129-131 for subject matter related to
earth working.
87 and 90 for subject matter related to stone working.
90 for subject matter related to excavating.
90 for subject matter related to solid material comminution
or disintegration.
90 for subject matter related to mining or in situ
disintegration or hard material.
90 and 133 for subject matter related to boring or
penetrating the earth.
92 95, 101, and 107 for subject matter related to
dispensing.
93 for subject matter related to coating apparatus.
94 for subject matter related to coating implements with
material supply.
94 for subject matter related to article dispensing.
97 and 114 for subject matter related to plastic article or
earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus.
101 for subject matter related to conveyors, chutes, skids,
guides, and ways.
113 for subject matter related to agitating.
117 and 133 for subject matter related to tools.
122 for subject matter related to motor vehicles.
122 for subject matter related to metal working.
133 for subject matter related to tool driving or
impacting.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, subclass 73 for floor or special roadway
structure of bridges.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclasses 4+ for artificial
turf fasteners. In general the securement means for the
amusement, exercise and game surfaces provided for in Class
472, Class 482, Class 473 are considered skin to carpet
fasteners unless specific road structure is claimed, that is,
more than mere ground support or an earth stake.
37, Excavating, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus and
processes relating to digging, moving or handling earth;
especially subclasses 381+ for scraping or grading a
roadbed. (See reference to Class 172, below, for related
subject matter).
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 541+ for
illuminated signs, subclasses 584+ for signs in general, and
especially subclass 612 for highway signs which impart
traffic information (e.g., "STOP", "OHIO AVE", "NO PARKING",
etc.) whether permanently affixed to the road or pavement or
merely mounted near the highway. Inclusion of significant
road structure, other than required to accommodate the sign
or sign support, will effect classification in Class 404.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses, for structure of such general utility as not to
be limited to highway or walkway use; see particularly
subclasses 174+ for the combination of vertical building
structure and road or pavement features.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 375 and 422 for
auxiliary floors and floors for railway rolling stock.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for materials, per
se, especially materials which set or harden to retain a
given shape; e.g. concrete, asphalt, etc. -although specially
designed for paving or roadways; Included in Class 106, with
the compositions, are processes of preparing such
compositions where such process is not otherwise restricted
to road building; e.g. (a) merely molding, laying or coating
a Class 106 composition to form a roadway combined with
preparing the composition is classifiable in Class 106 while
(b) preparing a Class 106 composition combined with treatment
or handling relating either to characteristics of other road
components or to another process step peculiar to road
building is classifiable in Class 404.
114, Ships, subclass 85 for process of and apparatus for
making ship decks.
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus
for surface coating or impregnating the earth, roadway or
roadway portions (including striping or marking machines).
The combination of means to coat, or impregnate, and other
means for in situ treatment of the earth, roadway or roadway
portion, is classifiable in Class 404.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 271.2 for specific
pavement heater structure (e.g., burners) and subclass 343.5
for furnaces for melting other than snow.
172, Earth Working, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
and process of working the earth in situ. While Class 404
provides for simple, smooth surfaced, compacting rollers and
compacting rollers with blunt ended teeth (i.e., sheep's foot
roller), which rollers are used both to compact the earth and
roadways; Class 172 provides for other rolling, rotating or
orbitally moving earth working devices (see particularly the
types set out under subclasses 518+ ) and for devices
classifiable in Class 404, combined with or convertible to,
Class 172 devices. In general, the area of overlap between
these two classes-other than as indicted above-can only be
resolved by a judgement decision based on large measure on
(a) whether utility is general (for Class 172) or limited to
road building (for Class 404) or (b) which of the two classes
provides specific subclasses for the subject matter involved
or (c) current placement of documents in both classes.
Obviously, a search will in many instances be required in
both classes.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 39
for road structure combined with and restricted to
underground electrical installations.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 222 for
platform or workman support structure.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses, for process of and apparatus for
breaking up of road material, per se. The combination of
roadway material comminution and distribution to form a new
roadway is classifiable in Class 404. (See reference to
Class 299, below).
249, Static Molds, subclasses 1+ for in situ-type molds for
forming roadways or roadway portions and not combined with
means to work or treat the earth.
252, Compositions, appropriate subclasses, for compositions
of matter though solely disclosed as useful in road making.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclasses 31+ for processes of forming
structural installations in situ; which include only the
steps of molding monolithic uniform composition structure
and/or compacting, treating, stressing or surface working the
material to perfect the molding or curing of the molded body
(forming parts by a molding operation and uniting in situ by
a second molding operation is also classifiable in Class 264,
subclasses 31+); subclass 69 for processes of molding which
include the step of vibrating, agitating, or jarring; and
subclass 349 for processes of molding which include the step
of tamping.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclasses, for breaking up of roadway structure.
The combination of roadway comminution and distribution to
form a new roadway is classifiable in Class 404.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses (e.g., 241+) for
specific agitating structure.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 15+ for
foraminous mats used as erosion control; subclasses 36+ for
specific drainage structure (e.g., pipe, culvert); subclasses
132+ for tunnels; subclasses 231+ for installation of a pier
or pier shape; and subclasses 258, 270, and 271 for earth
treatment other than for a roadbed.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus involved in
fabricating elements off site (precast elements formed then
transported to the site).
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 136+ for methods of
applying protective coatings on a pavement, and appropriate
subclasses for applying a protective coating to components
(e.g., rebar).
523, subclasses 132+ for a composition having utility in
situ as a soil conditioner or stabilizer; subclass 150 for a
friction element composition which imparts nonskidding or
nonslipping properties to surfaces used in pedestrian or
vehicular movement; and subclass 172 for a composition
designed to be applied for marking pavements or roads, or for
signs defining traffic lanes, pedestrian crosswalks, traffic
instruction, or as an applied reflex-reflector.
GLOSSARY:
AGITATION
Brisk shaking, regular or motion, or to-and-fro movement of
material or device to effect any one or several of many
different purposes during road building, (e.g., vibration
imparted to road aggregate for compaction, agitation of
uncured road slab to provide a smooth upper surface or
agitation of material to mix constituents). Individual
subclass definitions must be checked for possible special
limitations imposed upon the use of this term - e.g.,
subclasses 113 and 133.
DOWEL
Rod or bar reinforcement-often relatively movable with
respect to road, pavement or joint components-which
reinforcement bridges, links or joins adjacent components so
that load, stress or movement of one component is both
inhibited by, and transmitted to, another component.
FINISHING
Treatment or working of material to either (1) modify the
internal orientation of constituents of a mass of material
(usually a mixture of road aggregate) or (2) provide a
desired surface characteristic for such massed material. The
terms "finishing" has been loosely used in patent literature
to cover many different processes and devices so long as the
desired result is achieved. For this reason the term has not
been used in subclass titles.
JOINT
(1) Structure linking or uniting adjacent components, or (2)
a gap between adjacent components or (3) a parting member or
spacer between adjacent components.
LAYER
Stratum, course, lamina, coating or sheet which is
sufficiently recognizable as such regardless of the
constituent material involved. Interface blending of
otherwise distinct layers still leaves plural layers.
MODULE
Monolithic component such as brick, block, slab, panel, tile,
sheet, precast or preformed member, etc. which may be
utilized (1) in repetitious juxtaposition with similar
components, (2) with nonmodular components or (3) alone to
constitute road structure.
PAVEMENT
Hardened, treated or "finished" surface of a roadway-or an
upper "layer" thereof-exposed to the wear of traffic. This
roadway portion may constitute either (1) the entire roadway
with respect to untreated or unworked earth or (2) no more
than an upper course of a multilayer structure. In many
instances, the "pavement" itself is made up of more than one
distinct stratum.
TOOL
Material modifying or treating instrumentality actually
contacting material (e.g., a roller or screed component of a
road making machine) or the most proximate instrumentality
guiding or directing modifying or treating energy against
material (e.g., a nozzle of a soil stabilization device or a
heating means of a road repair machine.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to the arrangement of (a) one road to another
(e.g., multilevel cross-road interchange,) (b) one type of
traffic way to another (e.g., vehicle roadway with separate
sidewalk portion) or (c) a road to the earth (e.g., an
elevated highway).
(1) Note. A land-fill roadbed which raises a highway above
the level of the terrain is not considered to be "elevated"
for this subclass and is therefore classifiable in subclasses
below on other features.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 174+
for the combination of a road structure with building a
structure-e.g., multilevel building with a ramp.
104, Railways, appropriate subclasses, for a railway system.
238, Railways: Surface Track, subclass 8 for highway
crossings at grade over railways.
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 114+ for a landing field
arrangement.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to a depression, swale or channel extending
along a road, often at the juncture of a roadway and a curb,
at the road surface, within the road or beneath the road for
the purpose of guiding or limiting water flow.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is drainage structure
for road joints and road beds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 7+ for curb structure, per se. Curb and gutter
combination is classifiable in subclass 2.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 11+ for
a cover with an eave or valley gutter, subclasses 118+ for an
enclosure with fluid guiding port to a usable space,
subclasses 131+ for a burial vault with fluid guiding
feature, subclass 210 for a flue with a fluid directing
feature and subclass 219 for a flue connected to a building
structure.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses for
conduit structure, per se.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 202
for spraying means combined with street or road curb
structure.
249, Static Molds, subclass 8 for curb and gutter molds, per
se.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 36+ for
subject matter relating to drainage means of general
utility.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Drain or gutter
structure with provision for holding or protecting pipe,
cable, electrical wiring and the like.
(1) Note. Much of the structure provided for in this
subclass relates to combined curb-gutter components.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Drain or gutter
structure with openings to lead water runoff into a drainage
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, subclass 510 for a
pool drain.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 247.11 for street curb
drainage inlet devices including a liquid seal.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 153+,
especially subclasses 163+ for structural installations
including grated drainage inlets, and subclasses 532.1+ for
heavier constituent catch basins comprising street curb
inlets.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Curb inlet
structure comprising a distinct hood portion fitted into the
curb or gutter.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to a controlling obstruction or barricade
means for a road which physically determines the direction
of, or stops, vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
(1) Note. A barrier for this subclass includes
"significant" road structure. Mere provision for mounting or
supporting on or along a roadway without particular
relationship to road configuration, road contour or
pavement-base structural details is not considered
"significant". See reference to Class 256, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 9+ for structural means on or in a road which,
while providing for traffic control, does not impose an
absolute control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 9, 33, 34, 35,
49, 131+, and 263+ for controlled barriers.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for specific barrier structure or detail.
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 114+ for aircraft barriers.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, subclasses 270+ for
railroad crossings including a vehicular barrier.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Guide or barrier
structure comprising an obstruction projecting above and
along a road generally at the edges of, and coextensive with,
said roadway and presenting a continuous extent except for
crossing roads and driveways.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 2+ for curb structure combined with gutter or
drain features.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 32 for a surface mounted barrier,
bumper, or block which obstructs the passage of a vehicle
wheel.
256, Fences, subclass 1, 13.1, and 64 for an attenuated
barrier (or a series of individual units which, as a group,
form an attenuated-like barrier) which by its position, on or
near a roadway, obstructs the passage of a vehicle or
person.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Curb structure
relating to embedded or fastened means for strengthening or
shielding the nosing or lip-like portion of a curb.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 177+
for exposed embedded elements to enhance the wear
characteristics of a traffic receiving surface.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter regulating the flow of vehicles or pedestrians by
either modifying the pavement structure or by markers which
extend above the pavement to guide vehicles, but do not
provide specific information such as yield, stop, merge,
etc.
(1) Note. A sign, signal or reflector as such is not
considered subject matter for Class 404, unless, road
structure is modified beyond the mere mounting, holding or
support for such component. For example, a "STOP" sign
permanently fastened to a pavement or mid-island curb is not
classifiable in Class 404, (see search note to Class 40,
below); while the same sign counterbalanced within a recess
in the roadway-ordinarily up and visible but capable of
retraction into the recess when contracted by a vehicle
wheel-classifiable in Class 404.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 6+ barrier means which physically determine the
direction of, or stops, vehicular or pedestrian traffic.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 541+ for
illuminated signs, subclasses 584+ for signs in general, and
especially subclass 612 for highway signs which impart
information (e.g., "STOP", "OHIO AVE", "NO PARKING", etc.)
whether permanently affixed to a road or merely mounted
nearby.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 103+
for a land marker.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 63, for moving-type
street traffic indicators.
248, Supports, subclass 158 and 160 for a traffic director.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, for
electrical signals. Note particularly subclass 908.1 for
barricade type.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 515+ for signal reflectors and subclasses 543+
for signal reflectors mounting means. Class 359 provides for
an optical feature, beyond the mere recitation of a lens or
reflector, in combination with support structure; while Class
404 provides for an optical feature in combination with
traffic barrier or traffic director means, e.g., a prismatic
reflector set flush into a roadway is classifiable in Class
359, while a prismatic reflector on a small raised
button-like member along a lane marker is classifiable in
Class 404.
362, Illumination, subclass 153.1 for illuminating sources,
and reflectors or supports therefore, adaptable to
signaling.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 28 and 29
for floating devices (e.g., buoys) which are ballasted to
control their movement.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 172 for
pavement marking composition.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Traffic director
structure with means to resile after displacement by contact
with traffic.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
238, Railways: Surface Track, subclass 381 for wheel
depressable foot guards associated with rail structure.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 28 and 29
for orienting yielding floatable devices.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Yielding traffic
director structure including means, other than the director
itself, urging said director into operative position which
means is housed within the road.
(1) Note. Included here are spring, gravity counterbalanced
and elastomer means for biasing.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are vibration inducing
members with the capability to yield.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Traffic director
structure extending along or across a road to channel the
flow of vehicular or pedestrian traffic or to divide the flow
into distinct separate paths.
(1) Note. Generally the traffic directors in this subclass
are elongated, or indefinite length, members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 153.1 for a pavement marker or
strip with illuminating means.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Lane marker
structure wherein the director is made up of a plurality of
relatively short separate components inter nesting or
interlocked one to the other.
(1) Note. Included in these subclasses are concatenated
director elements capable of establishing curved or angular
traffic paths.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Lane marking
structure in combination with a mirror-like component infused
into or onto the surface of the director so as to cast back
light from traffic and thus provide a visible as well as
physical director.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for vibration inducing director members with reflecting
characteristics.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Traffic director
structure for means set in or on a road to jar or shake a
vehicle passing over said means.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are single or plural
members to configured or arranged as to set up repeated or
rhythmic shaking.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass is a single member
which will allow a vehicle to pass over it without damage and
primarily intended to serve as a visual director.
(3) Note. Traffic directors whose upper surface is in the
same plane as the pavement are classified in this class,
subclass 9.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a yieldable vibration inducing member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 153.1 for a pavement marker or
strip with illuminating means which usually is detectable by
a vehicle.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Vibration
inducing structure in combination with a mirror-like
component so as to cast back light from traffic and this
provide a visible as well as a physical director.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for an attenuated lane marker impregnated with reflective
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 63 for moving-type
street traffic indicators not combined with significant road
structure, e.g., merely mounted in or along roadway.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to a hardened surface to minimize the effects
of wear of traffic.
(1) Note. Substantially all roads and walkways include a
pavement portion and the indented subclasses are
distinguished from each other on the basis of either
differences in pavement structure or in other component parts
of the road or roadway.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the fact that while
module construction of pavement is set out in subclasses 29
and 34+, below, many subclasses higher in the schedule
include module structure distinguished by features
characterized in the particular subclass title and
definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 114 for a specialized landing
field construction.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, appropriate subclasses for a
particular playing field surface.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer product, and see the reference to
Class 404 in the definition of Class 428, section VI.
472, Amusement Devices, subclasses 85+ for a surface or
turf structure used in amusement racetracks, subclasses 88+
for a surface structure used for the movement thereon of
wheeled or gliding amusement vehicles (e.g., a slide surface
in the form of artificial ski slope), and subclasses 92+ for
a surface or turf structure of an arena, track, court,
playing field, etc. which is intended to be used for athletic
or exhibition events classifiable herein.
473, Game Using Tangible Projectile, for a particular playing
field of court surface.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure comprising (a) blocks, slabs or precast monoliths -
not fabricated in situ on the road - united with, or by, (b)
an in situ-formed surface layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for pavement bed having a layer of blocks.
subclasses 34+ for pavement structure made up of preformed
modules. Many such preformed modular pavements include in
situ material cast between modules. However, this may be
distinguished from subclass 18 of Class 404 by the absence of
any in situ cast surfaces equal to, or larger than, the
extent of the modules being joined or united.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure relating to characteristics which tend to reduce
skidding or render the traffic surface nonslippery.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for rubber or rubber-like pavement which may or may not
be anti-skid. Subclass 19 provides for structure clearly set
out as providing an anti-skid function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 177+
for a stairs or other building component of general
application having a wear resisting or friction increasing
traffic carrying surface.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 222 and
228.2 for anti-skid features.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 150 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin having utility as a
friction element to impart nonskidding or nonslipping
properties to surfaces used in pedestrian or vehicular
movement or to processes of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Anti-slip
surface structure characterized by gritlike grains or
particles (natural or synthetic) embedded into the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for an abrasive material or composition, per se, and see the
search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Anti-slip
surface structure characterized by the inclusion of exposed
metal elements in the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for a pavement including terrazzo-like components with
exposed metal members at the surface disclosed as anti-slip
in character. Where the metal members are substantially
coextensive with pavement thickness and also with either
pavement width or length, such member is considered to be a
reinforcement for subclasses 70, and 134+, for reinforcement
structure, per se.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure having a transparent or translucent element which
allows light through the pavement.
(1) Note. Included here are many devices wherein the light
admitting means is mounted in a vault cover. Because of the
number and age of patents involved, no cross-reference is
being made to subclasses 25+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 602 and 662+ for receptacles
having transparent end and sidewalls respectively.
362, Illumination, subclass 326 for illumination
refractors.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 67
for a stock material product which comprises an element
embedded within a substrate and visible therein.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Light admitting
structure wherein the light admitting element is replaceable
without destruction of the supporting structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 642+ for lens elements, per se, and lens
housings of general utility.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Light admitting
structure wherein the housing or support for the light
admitting means is Portland cement concrete.
(1) Note. The term "frame" is here intended to signify more
than a mere lens, glass setting or seal made of cement.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure relating to movable means adapted to form part of
the pavement surface while spanning an opening in said
surface, which adaptation enhances the traffic bearing
function of this pavement portion; e.g., inhibits tilting,
rotation, "jumping", noise, etc.
(1) Note. Nominal Reference to location in road or
pavement, to strength, or details as to fit, will not require
classification in Class 404.
(2) Note. A complete search for vault cover-closure must
include subclasses 22+ above. See (1) Note under subclass
22.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for
similar closures-even if called "manhole covers" or "vault
closures" -which do not directly provide for traffic bearing
characteristics subclass 21, 34, 41, and 465 for manhole
covers and frames and subclasses 504 and 505 for frames.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 19+ for
a manhole.
70, Locks, subclasses 158+ for locking structure associated
with a manhole cover.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 371 for a valve or water well
cover.
220, Receptacles, subclasses 220+ for manhole cover
structure.
292, Closure Fasteners, appropriate subclasses for securing
devices for a manhole cover.
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses for a movable
closure combined with means to supply, distribute, regulate,
treat or direct air in a tortous path or to change the
direction of flow of the air.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Vault
cover-closure structure including means to vary the relative
height or angularity of the cover structure with respect to
the pavement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 505 for an
expandable or contractable frame.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure having specifics or tails of the substructure
supporting said pavement.
(1) Note. Mere nominal inclusion of a supporting
substructure-e.g., "roadbed", "base", or "foundation" will
not result in classification in this subclass. See subclass
71 for bed structure, per se.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Bed structure
wherein at least one stratum consists of either one or more
selected or fabricated film, lamina, webs or modules.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 34+ for modular road structure and see further
search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Preformed, or
selected, element layer structure wherein the stratum is made
up primarily of a plurality of uniform cuboid-like members;
e.g., bricks, cobble stones, slabs, wooded billets, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for combined sheet and preformed module pavement.
subclasses 34+ for preformed modules, per se, and see
search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Preformed, or
selected, element layer structure wherein the stratum is made
up primarily of a plurality of nonuniform cuboid-like
members, e.g., natural field stones.
(1) Note. Generally, the nonuniform members for this
subclass where arranged in close rank and file still leave
significant voids while the blocks of subclass 29 can be
arranged, though not necessarily, to virtually eliminate such
voids.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Bed structure
comprising two or more strata.
(1) Note. The tendency of one stratum to merge into another
will not exclude classification in this subclass where such
separate strata are in fact set out or recognized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 71 and 276 for road layers using an adhesive.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure incorporating rubber, natural or synthetic, or a
similar elastic-like material into the wearing surface of the
roadway.
(1) Note. While asphalt and similar bituminous pavement are
somewhat elastic they are not considered "rubber" or
"rubber-like" for this subclass and are classifiable on other
characteristics in this class.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Rubber or
rubber-like structure including a projecting portion which
provides an interlock means with an undersurface or bed.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure made up of a plurality of precast, preshaped or
precut monoliths generally not fabricated in situ on the
roadway.
(1) Note. Included here, and in indented subclasses, are
individual preformed module components of a pavement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for a pavement structure of preformed modules combined
with an in situ sheet surface layer.
29 for bed structure including preformed blocks.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 603+
for preformed stone-like modules of general utility and see
notes thereunder for other related loci in Class 52.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 44+
for module or block composition (e.g., fiberglass
reinforcement).
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure wherein the individual module, while covering a
relatively large area as compared to a single brick or
flagstone, is designed for both rapid and repeated
installations as well as ease of tranport.
(1) Note. This subclass relates, in large part, to
preformed modules for temporary aircraft landing strips or
for military and temporary access roads.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 215
and 238 for mats adapted for cleaning boots and shoes.
238, Railways, Surface Track, subclass 14 for a traction mat
or pad adapted to facilitate the extraction of a vehicle from
sand or mud.
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 114+ for landing field blast
deflector panels.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Portable mat
structure of open lattice-like configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 633+
for openwork, trellis, grille or screen construction of
general utility and see search notes thereunder for other
loci of similar structure.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure with means to separate one module edge or face from
another.
(1) Note. This separation is usually for the reception of a
binder or filler to secure individual modules in place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 603 for
stone-like modules of general utility with integral spacer
means. This subclass must be searched for this feature.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Spaced means
which are formed, and unitary, with the module itself.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Integral spacer
structure provided by an oblique or chamfered peripheral
surface portion of the module so that the top planar surfaces
of juxtapositioned modules are spaced from each other.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure wherein individual modules are united or held
against relative movement by means of a discrete key.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure wherein individual modules include integral
peripheral configurations adapted to mate with adjacent
modules.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure wherein the individual modules are so configured,
or so placed, as to form a decorative design.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure wherein the module rests on a member embedded in
the road base, on a rail-like bar or both.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure comprising two or more distinct and dissimilar
materials united to form a module.
(1) Note. The dissimilar materials are not "mixed".
Rather, they form distinct molded or otherwise shaped
portions of the module.
(2) Note. Plural wood laminate or similar strips together
with variations in the grain orientation is not considered
composite structure for this subclass, see subclass 46.
(3) Note. A reinforcement external of, or encasing, a
module-and of dissimilar material is considered to constitute
composite structure for this subclass. On the other hand,
dissimilar material of grid, mesh, bar or rod form
substantially embedded within the structure of a module is
considered to be reinforcement for subclass 45.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for a compound or composite parting strip for a road
joint.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 612 for
modules of general utility with layered stone-like
components. This subclass must be searched for this
feature.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure characterized by the inclusion of a generally
coextensive grid or network of attenuated elements to
strengthen the module structure against failure induced by
load stresses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for a pavement structure including reinforcement means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 600+
for a stone-like module with elongated reinforcing means.
These subclasses must be searched for this feature.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Preformed module
structure made of wood or wood products.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure incorporating a component between or linking
adjacent or contiguous pavement portions which component
bridges the gap between or connects said portions.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are road
portions including joint means though the road portion is not
clearly identified as a "pavement".
(2) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is
pavement structure with reinforcement structure extending
from one pavement portion to another.
(3) Note. Included here is road joint structure, per se,
not elsewhere classifiable, either in some other class or
higher in this class schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for pavement structure including reinforcement.
subclasses 134+ for road reinforcement structure, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 475.1 for a
closure seal (e.g., striker, gasket or weather strip) and see
the search notes there under for the loci of other seals.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 393+
for relatively yielding preformed separator and subclasses
698+ for assembled in situ-type anchor or tie structure of
general utility and see search notes thereunder for other
pertinent loci.
238, Railways: Surface Track, subclass 8 for a street
crossing which includes an expansion joint.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 135 and 153
for a tunnel expansion joint.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
incorporating a removable component (e.g., mold element)
utilized for in situ making of a joint, or part of a joint,
which component is absent from the final completed pavement
joint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for process of forming a joint.
subclasses 87+ for apparatus used in forming a joint.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclasses 1+ and 189+ for forms used
for a road.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
provided with some open space within the joint itself, or
within the ends of the ends of adjacent pavement portions, so
that joint material may flow into such space when the joint
is subjected to compressive forces.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein the abutting peripheral configuration of adjacent
pavement portions is modified to provide for mating or
interengagement such portions generally to limit relative
movement or transmit stresses.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Offset or keyed
slab end structure combined with other load transfer
structure; e.g., plates, pins, rods, etc., that extend from
one slab end to the contiguous slab end.
(1) Note. See the subclass immediately below for the many
variant forms of load transfer means used in conjunction with
road pavement.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein a load transmitting member extending from one
pavement portion or slab to another is segmented to allow
limited pivotal movement of one portion with respect to
another.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein a load transmitting member extending from one
pavement portion to another includes means spanning the space
between said portions and underneath the ends of said
portions.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Underlying
bridge structure provided with other means also spanning the
space between pavement portions and resting on an upper
surface of said portions.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Underlying
bridge structure made up of at least two L-shaped elements
back to back in opposite orientation.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein a load transmitting member, extending from one
pavement portion to another, includes means spanning the
space between said portion which means extend into said
portions intermediate the top and bottom of said portions.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Mid-slab bridge
structure wherein spacing means includes at least two
elements in flat surface contact within the joint space and
free to slip with respect to each other.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Sliding plate
structure wherein the flat surfaces in slipping contact are
in a plane normal to the thickness of the pavement.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Mid-slab bridge
structure wherein a load transmitting support structure
includes (a) means for yieldably bearing against the end of a
load transmitting bar or rod or (b) means for reducing
friction incident to movement of said bar or rod by providing
a grease-like coating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for sleeved, at joint, dowel structure.
63 for slide tube at dowel end.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Mid-slab bridge
structure wherein a load transmitting component is either (1)
provided with housing or bushing structure to facilitate
slipping of said component under stress or (2) made up of at
least two parts interfitted or socketed one to the other,
both housing or interfitting located at or in the juncture of
adjacent pavement portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for lubricated dowel structure.
63 for slide tube at dowel end.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Mid-slab bridge
structure including either (1) a means that holds and
positions the load transmitting member (a plate, rod, bar,
etc.) at one side of a joint, usually within one slab, with
or without midpoint spacer or parting strip means or (2) a
spacer or parting strip located between slab ends
constituting the sole means to hold and position the load
transmitting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for strip structure plus supporting bracket or stake.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Mid-bridge
structure provided with means for positioning or holding the
outer extremity, of the load transmitting member.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Dowel end
support structure which includes a bushing or sleeve
("whistle") to facilitate relative slipping of the dowel
under stress.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for lubricated dowel structure.
60 for sleeved, at joint, dowel structure.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
limited solely to a precast, preshaped or precut component or
components other than metal (e.g., rubber, wood, plastic,
bituminous mixes, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 396.04 for
a nonmetallic spacer in a building.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Preformed
nonmetallic joint structure wherein a component insertable,
or prepositioned, between slab ends has a particular outer
configuration.
(1) Note. "Bar", "board", "strip", etc. is not considered a
configuration for this subclass and classification would be
elsewhere on some other characteristic.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Preformed
nonmetallic joint structure comprising two or more distant
and dissimilar material either (a) one surrounding the other
or (b) in a contiguous layers or lamina.
(1) Note. Included here are components referred to as
"parting strips".
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
comprising at least two parallel attenuated distinct and
dissimilar materials united to form the component between
pavement portions.
(1) Note. Included here are components referred to as
"parting strips" when such component includes a metal
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a compound or composite preformed module, per se.
66 for a compound or composite nonmetallic preformed joint
component.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein a filler board, division component or demarcation
barrier is provided with a sustainer, positioning member or
substrata engaging fastener.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for a support insertable with the expansion joint.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Joint structure
wherein the joint structure itself, or a supplementary means,
extends the full width of the contiguous pavement portions
and serves either to shield the joint against foreign
material or to sustain elastomeric material in the upper part
of the space between contiguous pavement portions.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Pavement
structure characterized by the inclusion of a general
coextensive grid or network of attenuated elements-bars,
rods, mesh, expanded metal, etc. to strengthen the pavement
structure against failure induced by bending, compressive or
tensional stresses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for a preformed module, per se, including reinforcement
means. This subclass must be searched for this feature.
subclasses 47+ for pavement structure including joint means
and see (2) note.
100 for apparatus for reinforcement material placing.
subclasses 134+ for reinforcement structure, per se. This
subclass must be searched for this feature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses-particularly subclasses 633+ for open-work and
720+ for elongated structure-suitable for embedding in
settable material to form a composite structure which
strengthens the whole; and see search notes thereunder for
the loci of related structure.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to road structure and not provided for in the
preceding subclasses.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to a method, or mode or procedure, for making
a road or road components not elsewhere classified.
(1) Note. See reference to Class 264 under the class
definition of Class 404.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 105 and 146 for
measurement of the road profile.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for a process of, and apparatus for,
bonding or laminating of general utility.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for in situ
pavement or for heating material during processing.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 136+ for a method of
coating a pavement.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process
including a step of manipulating, placing, or modifying a
prefabricated road component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses
62+ for devices used in hoisting modules.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process
including a step of making or modifying a seam or gap in a
roadway to accommodate relative movement of the roadway
structure.
(1) Note. Such relative movement is generally either
temperature or road induced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for joint structure with transitory installation means.
87 for means to install or form a joint.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
125, Stone Working, subclass 14 for cutting a joint in a set
or hardened pavement.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process
including a step of modifying or working the ground, pavement
or roadbed in place.
(1) Note. In situ treatment does not encompass on location
removal of earth or roadway material for processing- even
though such processing is contiguous to the original locale.
Such removal is classified on other bases. See search notes
to Classes 37 and 172 under the class definition of Class
404.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 90+ for apparatus which comminutes the earth or
road surface, in situ.
95 for apparatus for heating the earth or road surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 105 and 146 for
measurement of the road profile.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclasses 31+ for forming a structural
installation in situ.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 258+ for
earth stabilization, per se.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 136+ for methods of
coating a pavement.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. In situ
treatment including a step of conglomerating or combining
minute surface particles or earth components into larger
aggregate units or into a relatively firm mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for apparatus to comminute earth or roadway in situ.
92 for apparatus for in situ material preparation.
95 for apparatus for heating the earth or road surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 88.1 for dust conglomerating
compositions.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 263+ for
general subject matter relating to the stabilization of an
earthen formation by addition of a foreign substance (e.g.,
binder) to the formation.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 136+ for a method for
coating the earth.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclasses 132+ for a
composition containing a synthetic resin and having utility
in situ as a soil conditioner or stabilizer or to processes
of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. In situ
treatment including the application of external means to
raise the temperature of the ground or pavement.
(1) Note. Processes whereby heat is generated by internal
chemical reaction are classified elsewhere on the bases of
other process steps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for processes involving heating steps no
limited to in situ application.
95 for a means to heat earth or road surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for drying paving material.
110, Furnaces, appropriate subclasses for specific heating
means.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 271.2 and 343.5 for
specific pavement heaters and melting devices, respectively.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive
heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and
subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 131 for a
general process or apparatus for applying heat to an earth
formation.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Process
including a step of elevating or a depressed portion of a
roadway.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process
including the application of external means to raise the
temperature of road building material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for processes of in situ road heating (and see notes
thereunder).
95 for apparatus to heat earth or road surface.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Heating process
with a step or steps for the distinct manipulation or
treatment for each of two or more dimensionally varied road
constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 for separate handling of different sized aggregate
without the step of heating.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process relating
to a step or steps for the distinct manipulation or treatment
for each of two or more dimensionally varied road
constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for separate handling of different sized aggregate with
heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses for structure used in classifying and
sorting materials.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process
including the successive formation of two or more distinct
and different lamina.
(1) Note. See references under the class definition to
Classes 264 and 427 for processes of general utility relating
to coating and molding of plural layers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 71 and 276 for layers using an adhesive.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to devices, machines or tools for
constructing, repairing or maintaining roads.
(1) Note. Apparatus for Class 404 is generally special
purpose equipment. That is, general purpose devices equally
useful for buildings or other static structures are usually
not classified in Class 404. See the search notes under the
class definition of Class 404 for the locus of such devices.
Subclass:
84.05
Automatic control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device including
a condition responsive control comprising a means to sense a
condition or change of condition of the device, road, or road
material which sensing means activates another means to
regulate or to control the device according to the condition
sensed.
(1) Note. The term "automatic control", alone, in a
disclosure is not enough to effect classification in this
subclass, unless, the disclosure relates to sensing and
control means as indicated in the definition above.
(2) Note. See search notes under Class 72, subclass 6;
Class 83, subclass 399; Class 171, subclass 9; Class 172,
subclass 2; and Class 173, subclass 2 for the loci of other
automatic control" devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 105 and 146 for
determining pavement flaws.
172, Earth Working, subclasses 2+ for automatic power
control.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 5.5 for a general utility land
vehicle including an active suspension responsive to a force
encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing
motion; subclasses 6.15+ for a general utility land vehicle
including means, interposed between the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for altering
height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame;
or subclasses 638+ for a general utility wheeled land vehicle
including means for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a
part thereof, especially subclasses 43+ for a wheel
vertically adjustable relative to the running gear.
Subclass:
84.1
Of material leveling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.05. Automatic
control wherein the sensor causes adjustment of a screeding
or smoothing device.
Subclass:
84.2
Adjusted to a predetermined path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Automatic
adjustment of leveling means in which the adjustment is made
to track a physical guide, e.g., wire, rope, string.
Subclass:
84.5
Adjusted to an acoustical or optical signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Automatic
adjustment of leveling means wherein the adjustment is made
to track an acoustical or optical signal, e.g., laser.
Subclass:
84.8
Specific to a sloped or curved application:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1. Automatic
adjustment of leveling means wherein the adjustment is made
to create an inclined finished surface or a finished surface
defined by a radius.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device wherein a
ground wheel (or wheel substitute such as a skid or runner)
is so arranged that when said wheel is positioned to serve as
a vehicular element, the road working tool does not contact
the ground; and conversely, when said tool is operative with
respect to the ground the wheel is inoperative as a vehicular
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 240 for similar structure and
see notes thereunder for other loci.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Device wherein
the road working instrumentality is fastened or mounted on an
otherwise operative, but diverse, device such as a dump
truck, scraper, tractor, etc., which other device serves only
for traction purposes when said instrumentality is in road
working position.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
constructing or cutting a seam or gap in a roadway to
accommodate relative movement of the roadway and to assemble
filler or parting strip structure in such gap.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for joint structure with transitory installation means.
74 for process of making a joint.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
125, Stone Working, subclass 14 for cutting a joint in a
stone-like material.
249, Static Molds, subclass 9 for joint forming mold. See
line between Classes 249 and 404 in Search Class Note
thereunder.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device including
means to support load transfer structure extending from one
pavement to another across the joint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for joint structure, per se, including load transfer
means with dowel support, e.g., road chair; and
100 for positioning reinforcement means.
136 for road chair, per se.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Device for
providing a slot or channel in road material prior to the
setting or hardening or such material.
(1) Note. Included here are devices which also insert
material or joint structure into such slot after, or as, the
slot is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for apparatus to mark or groove plastic or uncured road
material which does not form a joint as defined in subclass
87.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 235.3
for a motor-joint finisher, groover or simulator of general
utility. Class 15 provides for a hand implement, Class 404
provides for more complex machine-like devices.
Subclass:
90
With in situ means for both comminuting and treating; e.g.,
grading, oiling, stabilizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
cutting, scarifying or disintegrating the pavement plus
structure; e.g., drag, tamper, roller, liquid dispenser to
level, smooth or bind the pieces of the underlying surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for process of in situ treatment of earth or roadway.
92 for means to work material placed on the earth or
roadway.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 381+ for scraping or grading a
roadbed and see note thereunder for other loci in Class 37.
125, Stone Working, subclass 14 for cutting into a
stone-like material.
172, Earth Working, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
and process of working the earth in situ. See note to Class
172 in References to Other Classes, in the Class 404 class
definition.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for process or apparatus forming holes or enlarging holes in
the earth by disintegrating, cutting, chipping, etc.
Generally, this dislocating relates to forming or enlarging a
hole.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass
101.7 having ambulatory support but the material is still
brought to the comminuting means.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
appropriate subclasses for breaking up of a roadway or earth
crust, per se.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Comminuting
device with means to collect the products of comminution and,
after some treatment or further preparation, return the
material to the road surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 179 for a
pipe or cable laying apparatus having means to excavate a
trench and redeposit the excavated material after the pipe or
cable has been laid.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device including
means which act on or treat road building material lying on
the road or right of way.
(1) Note. "Material preparation" means does not include
compacting or surface finishing means, for which see
subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 75+ for process of in situ treatment of earth or
roadway.
subclasses 90+ for apparatus to comminute earth or road, in
situ.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for specific
structure for dispensing.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for specific means for
mixing material in a hopper or for directly agitating
material.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
making a visual indicia in or on top of the pavement.
(1) Note. Included in this and the indented subclass are
grooving machines.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for appropriate devices to form a joint in a roadway.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 235.3
for an implement for grooving plastic or uncured road
material.
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus
for surface coating. The combination of a means to coat with
other means for in situ treatment of the earth or roadway is
classifiable in Class 404.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Surface marking
device wherein the indicia is made on or affixed to a firm or
usable roadway as distinct from a plastic or unstable
intermediate structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for pavement grinding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 575, 577, and 578 for applying adhesive to an
article or strip.
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for specific
structure to dispense an article.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, appropriate
subclasses for a hand propelled device which applies a film
or coating, to a surface and where the applicator or tool
either (a) contacts the surface or (b) is no further removed
from said surface than the film or coating thickness. With
respect to (b) it must be noted that a dumping device which
then spreads or levels road material into a window-like
formation or significant stratum of roadway is not considered
a "coating" device for Class 401.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device including
means for applying heat, directly or indirectly, to the road
base, roadway or material thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for processes of in situ heating the ground or roadway
(and see notes thereunder).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 271.2 for pavement
heaters and 343.5 for melting other than snow.
222, Dispensing, subclass 146.1 and 146.2 for a road
material hopper with heating means.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 131 for
apparatus in general for applying heat to an earth
formation.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device providing
the road, or road portion, with a surface configuration,
which configuration is other than the straight line made by a
strike board or screed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 118+ for screed or drag means to level or strike
road material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclasses 1+ for in situ molds for
roadways and roadway portion not combined with means to work
or treat the earth.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Profile shaping
device either hand held and guided or hand traversed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 235.3
for manually guided profile shapers.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 458 for manually guided, substrate
traversing shapers.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Profile shaping
device configured to shape a raised edge of a road or a
drainage path in a road.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 218 for female mold and shaping means.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
manipulating, placing or setting prefabricated road modules
or components.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for process of handling or treating preformed modular
units.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 749.1 for
bricklaying machines of general application.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses
62+ for brick carriers.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
assembling or juxtaposing the bars, wires or mesh intended to
strengthen the road against stress failure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for reinforced road structure combined with a pavement.
88 for means to position a dowel.
subclasses 134+ for road reinforcement, per se.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
spreading, paving or sub-paving substance over the desired
road area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus to disseminate material.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus for disseminating material.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses
128+ for heating means combined with distributing apparatus
and subclasses 146+ for merely spreading or distributing tar
or asphalt or other liquid or a road or pavement.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device wherein the spreading means is provided
with means producing an additional active motion component
serving to more firmly densify or pack down the substance
being spread.
(1) Note. The dynamic means of this subclass includes
vibration means (for which see subclass 102 and notes
thereunder) as well as rotary and recipricatory means, except
that reciprocal or back and forth movement of screed (in a
direction transverse to the extent of a roadway along which
said screed is advanced) is not considered either "agitation"
or "dynamic" for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 113+ 120 and 133, for other devices that utilize
means with active motion components to compress or pack down
road material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclasses 170+ for a tool of that
class which is diverse and includes a smooth, leveling
roller.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Dynamic
densifying device of the rotating drum type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for other rotating-drum type compacting means with
vibratory or impact features.
subclasses 122+ for rotating-drum type compacting means
without vibratory features (and see search notes
thereunder).
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device particularly adapted for working the
supporting flank of a roadway or extension portion at the
side of a roadway.
(1) Note. The means in this subclass provides some device
modification relevant to working a road shoulder. In this
instance, mere naming of the road area for intended use,
without such modification, should be ignored for
classification purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for slope, trench or shoulder roller means.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device including storage means for paving
material for delivery to transitory mold components along the
road flanks which components are shiftable as the material
distribution device advances.
(1) Note. The device is advanced at a rate allowing for
sufficient curing or set-up, of the distributed matter, as to
retain the shape imparted by the transitory mold forms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for apparatus for profile shaping with material supply
means (and see search notes thereunder).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclasses 63+ for progressive molding for a
building.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device including storage means for paving
material for delivery to mold components along the road
flanks, which mold components also serve as a supporting and
guiding traceway for the entire device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for apparatus for profile shaping with material supply
means (and see search notes thereunder).
119 for screed or drag means supported on rail-type side
forms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 64 for progressive molding for a
building including charging means.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device adapted for a distribution to a limited
road portion, usually a seam, break or the space between
contiguous road portions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus and
process of dispensing of general utility and particularly
subclass 146.1 for dispensing combined with heating or
material being dispensed; also see section 14 under class
definition for loci of art relating to dispensing and shaping
by extrusion.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Material
distribution device with storage means to provide a source of
paving or road building material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for profile shaping apparatus with material supply
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, appropriate subclasses for
structure used to move material within a paver.
298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, subclasses 24+ for a hopper
type vehicle for unloading material.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Material supply
device utilizing a hopper reciprocable along a pivotally
mounted supporting beam.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Material supply
device utilizing a hopper with a controlled bottom discharge,
which is readily movable over the road area, to distribute
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for structure for
discharging material.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Material supply
devices wherein the material is in fluid but nongaseous,
form.
(1) Note. Powdered or aggregate material which is capable
of handling as a fluent material is not considered as a
"liquid" for this subclass; and is classifiable on other
characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses
146+, for merely spreading or distributing tar, asphalt or
other liquid; and subclasses 128+, for heating means combined
with the distributing apparatus. Class 404 takes liquid
distribution devices which includes other road treatment or
the distribution of other than liquid material; e.g.,
combined distribution or road aggregate and tar.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device wherein
an earth or road working member moves in, and substantially
on, the plane of the earth or roadway in a circular path.
(1) Note. The working may include compacting or surface
finishing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, subclass 353 for a floor surfacing rotary
disk apparatus.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device which
shakes, or briskly moves, road material.
(1) Note. The reciprocal or back and forth, movement of a
screed (in a direction transverse to the extent of a roadway
along which said screed is advanced) is not considered
agitation for this subclass. See subclasses 119+, for such
screed devices.
(2) Notes. Repeated impacts or tamping blows substantially
normal to and on the surface of road material is also not
considered to be agitation for this subclass. See subclass
133.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, subclasses 1+ for concrete and bituminous
mixers including heating and discharging means not peculiar
or restricted to road building.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Agitating
device with shaking or vibratory means fastened directly to
the leveling or striker member that is drawn across the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 118+ for screed or drag means without additional
agitating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 456 for a vibrating shaper.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Agitating
device wherein the element for agitating the mass of material
is substantially within or below the surface of said
material.
(1) Note. The vibrating mechanism itself may be anywhere,
but the material contacting element is well within the mass
of material.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Immersed
agitating device wherein the immersed agitating element
maintains a generally normal or perpendicular-like attitude
respecting the earth or road surface.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Agitating
device wherein the upper material surface is acted on by a
rotary drum or cylinder which drum or cylinder includes means
to jar or shake said drum while compacting the material
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for roller device with dynamic means to densify material
while distributing said material.
subclasses 122+ for roller device without agitating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 61 and 87 for
specific vibrating structure.
81, Tools, subclasses 463+ for tools with impact-delivery
means and see search notes thereunder for similar devices
elsewhere classified.
172, Earth Working, subclass 40 for a vibrating tool. See
search note to Class 172 under class definition of Class
404.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device
comprising a bar, beam or striker means to level or smooth
previously laid road material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 96+ for a contoured striker means which imparts
a profile to the road.
subclasses 114+ for screed means combined with a material
agitating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 780 and 799.5 for a leveling
device not specific to road building.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 218 for female mold and shaping means.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Screed device
wherein the entire device is positioned and guided above a
roadway by the side forms which also serve as a trackway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for material supply means supported on rail-type side
forms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 218 for female mold and shaping means.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Screed device
provided with means to move said screed back and forth along
its extent while traversing the material.
(1) Note. A significant number of the devices in subclass
119 relate to reciprocating screed devices and a complete
search for this characteristic must include subclass 119.
Other than a few representative copies no patents have been
cross-referenced from subclasses 119 to 120.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for a material distribution device with a reciprocating
screed.
114 for an agitator fastened on a screed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 456 for vibrating shapers.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
working the earth or road material by rotating radially
extending lugs or projections (generally blunt or flat
shaped) on and into the material surface so that such lugs or
projections move into and out of the material.
(1) Note. This device is generally used to compact the
material.
(2) Note. Included here are devices specific to the details
of the "sheep foot", per se.
(3) Note. See search note to Class 172 under the class
definition of Class 404.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclasses 540+ for a rolling tool with
circumferentially speed teeth or tines.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
working the earth or road material with one or more
cylindrical members, which members roll across the material.
(1) Note. This device is generally used to compact or
"finish" the material.
(2) Note. See search note to Class 172 under class
definition of Class 404.
(3) Note. Included here are plural roller element which can
shift bodily (that is, a translation of their axes) normal or
substantially normal to the material surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a material distribution device including a roller
with dynamic means to compact material.
117 for an agitating device including a roller with
vibrating or impact means.
121 for sheep foot roller means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 20 for a motor vehicle
provided with one or more rollers for moving the vehicle.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
wherein a trio of rollers, with generally parallel axes, are
arranged one behind the other.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
including specific features of the outer drum-like surface,
e.g., perforated, corrugated, toothed, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for sheep foot rollers and details of the "sheep foot".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 537 for a corrugated surface
roller and subclass 539 for a smooth roller with a groove.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
including two or more rolls mounted to rotate in substantial
axial alignment but capable of adjustment so as to vary from
in-line (generally horizontal) relationship of the individual
axes of rotation to an angular relationship with respect to
each other and the horizontal.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
including two or more rolls mounted to rotate in substantial
axial alignment but capable of adjustment so as to vary from
in-line relationship of individual axes to either spaced
parallel, or angular, relationship in the same general
horizontal plane.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
designed to work the flanks or inclined portions of the
road-way.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for material-distribution means for shoulder paving.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
constituting either (a) an auxiliary or subsidiary means
appended to a disparate type of apparatus or (b) part of a
composite means made up of a roller device and a disparate
device.
(1) Note. The disparate apparatus or device may be of the
type elsewhere provided for either in class 404 or some other
class.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
including means to care for or protect the roller periphery
by providing a transient fluid coating or by removal of
foreign material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 606 for earth working devices
combined with means to clean or scrape.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
provided with either (a) means to vary the effective weight
of the roller on the surface or (b) allow the effective
weight of the roller to shift according to roller position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclass 611 for earth working devices
with weight means.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
provided with means whereby an operator physically moves the
roller across the roadway.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
172, Earth Working, subclasses 329+ for a device guided and
propelled by a walking attendant.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Roller device
including two or more rolls constrained to single axis
relationship.
Subclass:
133.05
Tamper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Device for
imparting distinct blows or impacts to the road surface or
road material.
(1) Note. Rapid back and forth agitation (a) not
substantially normal to the surface of road material or (b)
by means immersed or submerged in the road material, is
considered to be agitation (for which, see subclasses 113+)
or finishing (for which, see subclass 118) when such
agitation is combined with means peculiar or restricted to
road building. See search note to Class 366 under subclass
113.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a roller device with densifying and distributing
means.
117 for a roller device with vibrating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, subclasses 463+ for tools with impact delivery
means and see search notes thereunder for similar devices
elsewhere classified.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclasses for
details of means to drive or deliver a blow to a tool.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 135 for means
to impact in earth penetrating means.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 271 for
residual methods or apparatus for compacting an earth
formation (e.g., compaction of the earth within a bore or
channel).
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclasses 425+ for a female mold including
tamping means and subclass 456 for a shaper including powered
virbrating means.
Subclass:
133.1
Manually guided:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Tamper
specifically adapted to be either hand held or hand
traversed.
Subclass:
133.2
Attached to a disparate device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Tamper which is
attached or attachable to an apparatus whose function is
other than tamping (e.g., a backhoe or crane).
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter comprising a grid or network of attenuated elements,
bars, rods, mesh, expanded metal, etc., intended to
strengthen road structure against failure induced by load and
environment stresses.
(1) Note. Reinforcement structure which bridges the gap or
space between adjacent pavement portions is considered as
joint structure for subclass 47.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for reinforced preformed module structure.
subclasses 47+ for joint structure with load transfer
components.
70 for reinforced pavement structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses, particularly subclasses 633+, for openwork and
720.1+ for elongated structure suitable for reinforcement
use; and see the search notes thereunder for the loci of
related structure.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Reinforcement
structure including means to hold and position the
reinforcement structure relative to the material it is
intended to strengthen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 62+ for joint structure including load transfer
means with a road chair, and
136 for road chair structure, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 677+, for
a spacer positioner of general utility.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to means to hold and position a road
component relative to another road component.
(1) Note. See subclass 135 and search notes thereunder.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000