GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. This class provides for photos:graphic apparatus not classified elsewhere, generally for recording a picture made by a source of light on a photos:graphic medium.
B. This class also includes fluid-treating apparatus for development of film.
C. This class will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for this class and one of a type related to another recording class. Patents claiming alternative embodiments will be placed in the class that provides for the alternative and crossed in the appropriate subclass in this class. This class will receive a patent disclosing two types of recording devices when the claims are general or related to this class.
D. Subcombinations of picture recording apparatus not otherwise provided for, such as a removable film-holder unit, hood, camera housing, and camera setting indicator or legend, are classified here.
E. Also classified here are certain accessories related to photography not otherwise provided for such as studio structure (e.g., background, photos:graphic model, or support, etc.), camera mounting or rest, camera attachment (e.g., a vignetter), retouching, or burnishing device.
F. Nonchemical processes involving photos:graphic apparatus of sections A-E, Class Definition, General Statement of the Class Subject Matter, above (e.g., operating such apparatus) are included in this class. See References to Other Classes, below, for processes of radiation imagery chemistry.

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Excluded from Class 396 is subject matter relating to image recording of an original or carrier which is developed by toner and video cameras utilizing a semiconductive or CCD device. Such subject matter may be found elsewhere. See below for the line between Class 396 and Class 348.
LINE BETWEEN CLASS 396 and CLASS 348
Class 396 will receive for original placement a patent disclosing both Class 396 and Class 348 devices when the claims are general or directed only towards Class 396 subject matter and are otherwise proper therefor.
Class 396 will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for Class 396 and one of a type proper for Class 348. Such a patent should be classified as an original in Class 348 and crossed into the appropriate subclass in Class 396.
Similar placement applies to a claim reciting a combination of Class 348 and Class 396 subject matter. The original is classified in Class 348 with a cross to Class 396 except where Class 348 subject matter merely provides a perfecting feature of a Class 396 type camera or camera system. In that case, the original is classified in Class 396.
(1) Note. Class 396, subclasses 429+ will accept a combination of a Class 396 type camera and a diverse art device where such combination is not otherwise provided for.
For classification purposes above, the recitation of an "image sensor," "image pickup device," or the like that generates an image representative electrical signal which may be subsequently processed or displayed, or the positive recitation of a "video camera" in a claim is considered to be Class 348 subject matter if otherwise proper therefor.
OBJECT ILLUMINATION SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Artificial light sources, per se, may be distinguished as being either noncombustible or combustible.
Noncombustible incandescent lamps, where the filament is not intended to be burned or consumed and for gas discharge lamps of the "electronic flash" type are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
The combination of a Class 313 light source and the electrical circuitry for energizing the same are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
Circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices, such as rockets or dynamite are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
The combination of an artificial light source with a protector, support or distributor, and photos:graphic lights
are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
Combustible illuminating flash devices such as photos:graphic bulbs, and electrical circuitry for electrically igniting a combustible light source are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
(1) Note. This class (396) provides for the combination of an illumination device and essential camera structure other than a mere recitation of a "camera housing wall".
FLUID-TREATING APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, is the generic class for the contacting of solids with either, or both, gases or vapors. Class 34 provides for the apparatus which merely claims a gas generator, such as ammonia, with means for containing the gas for treating "photos:graphic" material and may include means for handling or feeding the material in or into the gas treatment area. The inclusion of heating means for vaporizing liquid or solid ammoniated compounds to release ammonia gas or vapor does not preclude classification in Class 34.
Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, is the generic class for apparatus for contacting solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in other classes. The Class 134 definitions should be referred to for the classification of patents directed to subcombinations of fluid treating apparatus.
The combinations of photocopying apparatus and developing apparatus are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
Mixing chambers of the print washer-type including specified feed means without a separate work holder where turbulence or agitation will inherently occur during normal usage are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
(1) Note. This class (396) provides for gas treatment of claimed specific material such as "diazo" sheet material. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
This class (396) provides for the combination of a camera and developing apparatus not limited to photocopying. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
This class (396) provides for a claimed recitation of a vessel containing a developing solution and a vessel containing a fixing or washing solution with means for moving a photos:graphic film, print, or plate therethrough sequentially.
This class (396) provides for the combinations which include
claimed recitations concerning specified solutions, such as "hypo," or specified material by its photos:graphic characteristic or orientation, such as emulsion side up.
This class (396) provides for provide for the combination of fluid treating apparatus and a dark cabinet wherein the light-excluding features are claimed. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
This class (396) provides for fluid treating apparatus for treating superimposed or laminar sheets. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
See References to Other Classes, below for liquid development.
CAMERA CASE SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Receptacles particularly constructed to contain a camera such as having a special shape and interior arrangement provided with shelves, racks, or arrangements of clasps or retaining devices for holding a camera are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
Devices for carrying a camera wherein means are provided that are especially adapted to be supported upon a person's body are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
Cabinet structure designed to house picture machines or films or other highly inflammable material and cabinets for housing and supporting instruments so that relative guided motion between the instrument and the cabinet structure results in placement of the instrument in a position exposed for use or in a position as for storage, out of the way in cabinet structure are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below.
(1) Note. This class (396) provides for a camera which includes a detailed light-excluding case, casing, or housing. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS IN CLASS 396
In establishing new Class 396, only a portion of the foreign patents/nonpatent literature from old Class 354 was reclassified along with the U.S. patents into subclasses 1-661 of the new Class 396 schedule.
Those Class 354 subclasses with foreign patents/nonpatent literature which were not reclassified into subclasses 1-661 of Class 396 had these documents transferred directly to equivalent foreign art collections maintaining their original titles and positioning.
Those Class 354 subclasses with foreign patents/nonpatent literature which were reclassified into subclasses 1-661 of
Class 396 have no equivalent foreign art collections. The Class 396 subclasses having associated foreign patent/nonpatent literature are as follows: 1-5, 14-47, 207-209, 246-256, 268-276, 281-296, 301-309, 322-350, 429-434, 438, 505-563, and 661.
The foreign art collections in Class 396 (subclasses FOR 700 - FOR 971) are intended only for receiving foreign patents/nonpatent literature.
In subclasses 1-661, references to foreign art collections under "SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS" are intended only as a guide and consideration should be given to the remaining set of foreign art collections in completing a search.
Definitions of the foreign art collections were excerpted from the corresponding Class 354 subclass definitions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for the combination of a camera and developing apparatus not limited to photocopying.
535 provide for a camera which includes a detailed light-excluding case, casing, or housing.
579 for gas treatment of claimed specific material such as "diazo" sheet material.
580 for fluid treating apparatus for treating superimposed or laminar sheets.
589 for the combination of fluid treating apparatus and a dark cabinet wherein the light-excluding features are claimed.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 100 for wiping-type, photos:graphic-film cleaners.
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 266 for a straight line light ray geometrical instrument which is camera mounted, subclass 314 for impressing an indication of a borehole direction or inclination on a photosensitive record, subclass 334 for an indicator of the direction of force traversing a natural medium which is structurally installed on a camera and related to a feature thereof, and subclass 615 for a contact member which facilitates the positioning of a photos:graphic element or element holder at a desired spacing with respect to a support.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, is the generic class for the contacting of solids with either, or both, gases or vapors. Class 34 provides for the apparatus
which merely claims a gas generator, such as ammonia, with means for containing the gas for treating "photos:graphic" material and may include means for handling or feeding the material in or into the gas treatment area. The inclusion of heating means for vaporizing liquid or solid ammoniated compounds to release ammonia gas or vapor does not preclude classification in Class 34.
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 361 for a photos:graphic transparency viewer.
73, Measuring and Testing, 1.42 for camera shutter proving or calibrating.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for an element of a camera; e.g., gear, cam, etc.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 417 for processes producing free metal from photos:graphic waste at 300 degrees Centigrade or greater combined with a step at less than 300 degrees Centigrade and using a liquid nonmetallic material, subclass 635 for processes recovering silver from photos:graphic material at 300 degrees Centigrade or greater, and subclass 713 for processes producing free metal from photos:graphic material below 300 degrees Centigrade using a liquid nonmetallic material.
83, Cutting, subclass 948 for a Cross-reference Art Collection relating to photos:graphic film cutting.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 213 for an indicator with a camera merely providing support.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 64 for apparatus exhibiting liquid contact with a longitudinally travelling strip (e.g., photos:graphic) where there are sequential work-treating stations or a station with means to transfer work or fluid-applying devices, and subclass 122 for apparatus exhibiting liquid contact with a longitudinally travelling strip (e.g., photos:graphic). Class 134, is the generic class for apparatus for contacting solids with liquids for any purpose not provided for in other classes. The Class 134 definitions should be referred to for the classification of patents directed to subcombinations of fluid treating apparatus.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 58 for miscellaneous chemical manufacturing methods of contour or profile photography to reproduce a three-dimensional object.
178, Telegraphy, subclass 15 and 90, for telegraphy including a photos:graphic operation.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 316.2 for a
special camera receptacle or package receptacles particularly constructed to contain a camera such as having a special shape and interior arrangement provided with shelves, racks, or arrangements of clasps or retaining devices for holding a camera..
224, Package and Article Carriers, provides for devices for carrying a camera wherein means are provided that are especially adapted to be supported upon a person's body; subclass 908 for a Cross-reference Art Collection relating to a photos:graphic (e.g., camera) carrier.
235, Registers, subclass 64.7 for a mechanical photos:graphic calculator, and subclass 91 for a device (e.g., photograph) operated register.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324 for an unwinding and rewinding coil-to-coil machine convertible information carrier (e.g., magnetic tape or photos:graphic film, etc.) cartridge system, or subclasses 615+ for a residual guide or guard that directs elongated flexible material that may be combined with more than one nominal winding structure.
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for a device which carries the weight of an article or otherwise holds or steadies it against the pull of gravity, and a device for holding an article to its support.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 214 for a special photocell or electron tube circuit (including photos:graphic control), subclasses 363.02+ for a luminophor body scanner or camera with radiant energy source, subclasses 475.2+ for photos:graphic-type detection of invisible radiation, and subclasses 580+ for the making of a photograph by invisible radiation generally. A camera or part thereof which may be used to take a photograph by visible light as well as by ultraviolet or infrared rays is in Class 396. Picture making by a Class 250 device combined with a Class 396 device is provided for in Class 250.
252, Compositions, 582 for optical filter composition and optical filter defined only in terms of its composition.
283, Printed Matter, subclass 77 for a photos:graphic personal identifier with revealable concealed information, and subclass 112 for a photograph and revealable concealed information which is plastic laminated.
292, Closure Fasteners, Digest 48, for a camera cover fastener.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 139 for an optical instrument support per se to be gripped and carried by hand.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 10.1, provides for cabinet structure designed to house picture machines or
films or other highly inflammable material and subclasses 21+ provide cabinets for housing and supporting instruments so that relative guided motion between the instrument and the cabinet structure results in placement of the instrument in a position exposed for use or in a position as for storage, out of the way in cabinet structure. Some of the patents include the instrument housed by name only but in general if any instrument structure is recited, the combination is classified with the instrument.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for noncombustible incandescent lamps, where the filament is not intended to be burned or consumed and for gas discharge lamps of the "electronic flash" type.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, provides for the combination of a Class 313 light source and the electrical circuitry for energizing the same.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 937 for a vehicle detector with camera.
342, Communications, Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., RADAR, Radio Navigation), subclass 66 for a directive radio wave system where the return signal controls a camera.
346, Recorders, particularly 107.1 for the subject matter of that class combined with a photos:graphic step or apparatus.
348, Television, appropriate subclasses and particularly 272 and 294+ for an electronic camera with a semiconductor matrix in place of film or a CCD device.
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, 206 for an eye examining instrument with eye photography.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for motion picture method or apparatus, especially subclass 51 for methods of recording a series of drawings using photos:graphic images as guides, subclass 137 for a motion picture camera structurally convertible to a still camera, and subclass 169 for a motion picture camera which can selectively record a single frame.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 5 for a projection system for mapping or aerial photograph rectifying.
355, Photocopying, for photos:graphically copying information from an original or carrier that is not classified elsewhere, while generally employing a concentrated source of light and an image receiving medium with a photosensitive emulsion surface; 27, 100, and 106+ for combinations of photocopying apparatus and developing apparatus.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measuring or testing combined with photos:graphic recording provided for there, subclass 3 for rangefinder,
subclasses 213+ for photometers, subclass 302 for dispersed light spectroscopy using a photos:graphic medium, subclass 404 for photos:graphic light wave frequency analysis, and subclasses 443+ for light transmission or absorption analysis of photos:graphic film.
358, Facsimile, subclass 302 for facsimile photos:graphic recording, subclass 527 for a color facsimile photos:graphic previewer, and subclass 909.1 for a Cross-reference Art Collection related to an electronic still camera with a semiconductor matrix in place of film.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, appropriate subclasses for optical subcombinations of a camera, and subclass 564 for optical Fourier transform spatial filtering with photos:graphic media.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 248 for circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices, such as rockets or dynamite.
362, Illumination, for the combination of an artificial light source with a protector, support or distributor; 3 specifically for photos:graphic lights.
366, Agitating, subclass 166 provides for mixing chambers of the print washer-type including specified feed means without a separate work holder where turbulence or agitation will inherently occur during normal usage.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 125 for dynamic information storage or retrieval having a photos:graphic storage medium.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate subclasses, particularly 167 for methods and apparatus for making pictures of animate and inanimate objects by the action of X-rays and gamma rays.
386, Processing of Color Television Signal for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing, 42 for color television signal recording or reproducing using a dynamic photos:graphic record, and subclasses 128+ for generic television signal recording or reproducing using a dynamic photos:graphic record.
399, Electrophotography, 9 for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for development, subclasses 237+ for liquid development; subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for document handling.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for the method of making a filter by coating.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 98 for a structurally defined developed film or photos:graphic print, subclasses 195+ for a structurally defined sheet with discontinuous or differential coating such as a retouched photograph, subclasses 221+ for a developed film or photos:graphic print in which an element or component is structurally defined, and subclasses 411.1 for a developed film or photos:graphic print defined merely by the composition of its layers.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry involving process, composition, and product.
431, Combustion, 357 for combustible illuminating flash devices such as photos:graphic bulbs, and subclass 362 provides for electrical circuitry for electrically igniting a combustible light source.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 408 for a simulated camera toy providing a sound.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, 53 for rigid container making with photos:graphic reproduction, subclasses 187+ for pliable container making with photos:graphic reproduction, and subclass 270 for tube making with photos:graphic reproduction, and subclasses 320+ for manufacturing from a sheet or web with photos:graphic reproduction.
536, Organic Compounds, subclass 40 for recovering nitrated cellulose from photos:graphic film, and subclass 78 for recovering cellulose acetate from photos:graphic film.
600, Surgery, subclass 525 for electric heartbeat signal recording using a CRT and camera.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 182 for performance or efficiency evaluation.
D16, Photography and Optical Equipment, 200 for design patents relating to cameras or bodies therefor, and subclasses 237+ for design patents relating to photos:graphic accessories.
D21, Games, Toys, and Sports Goods, subclass 514 for design patents relating to toy cameras and photos:graphic type toys.

GLOSSARY:
APERTURE
An aperture is an opening in the camera through which light passes in order to expose a photos:graphic medium.
APERTURE VALUE (Av)
Aperture value is a logarithmic number indicative of aperture size.
CAMERA
A camera is a device which, when actuated, uses light to record an image of an object which may be chemically developable to become visible. It generally includes (a) a light-tight enclosure, (b) a lens for forming an image of an object at an image plane, (c) a holder for a photos:graphic medium at the image plane, (d) a device to control the light flux reaching the photos:graphic medium, and (e) an opaque device selectively operable to pass light to a photos:graphic medium for a period of time. See References to Other Classes, above (e.g., Classes 250 and 378), for information regarding picture-making devices of diverse energy spectra.
CAMERA STRUCTURE
Camera structure is that subcombination of a camera not otherwise provided for in another class.
DEVELOPING APPARATUS
Developing apparatus is that which makes a photos:graphic image visible.
DIAPHRAGM
A diaphragm is a device to change the light flux passing through the aperture.
EXPOSURE
Exposure is the act of allowing light to reach the photos:graphic medium.
EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT
An exposure control circuit is an electronic circuit to control the exposure.
EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE
An exposure objective is an objective that focuses light from the object onto a photos:graphic medium.
EXPOSURE SYSTEM
An exposure system is one that has means to regulate or adjust an amount of light reaching the photos:graphic medium.
EXPOSURE TIME
Exposure time is the length of time an exposure occurs.
EXPOSURE TIME VALUE (Tv)
Exposure time value is a logarithmic number indicative of exposure time.
EXPOSURE VALUE (Ev)
Exposure value is the sum of the aperture value and exposure time value.
FLASH DEVICE
A flash device is a means to produce one or more bursts of light to provide scene illumination for exposure.
FOCUSING
Focusing is the act of obtaining a sharp image of a subject by adjusting a lens system.
FRAME
A frame is the space or area on a photos:graphic medium normally occupied by one picture.
IN-FOCUS
An in-focus condition occurs when an object image attains its sharpness.
LIGHT FLUX
Light flux is the rate of light flow across a surface.
OBJECT (or SUBJECT)
An object or a subject refers to a person or thing within the scene to be recorded on a photos:graphic medium.
OBJECTIVE
An objective is a lens that normally faces the object. See Class 359 for a more specific definition.
PHOTOGRAPHIC MEDIUM
A photos:graphic medium is a material coated with a chemical that is photosensitive to actinic light.
RANGEFINDING
Rangefinding is the act of measuring the distance from a subject to the camera.
SCENE
A scene is the view to be recorded on a photos:graphic medium.
SHUTTER
A shutter is a device for blocking or unblocking the passage of light for controlling the exposure time.

STUDIO STRUCTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to assist in taking a photograph which is not part of a camera or attached to a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 722 for television studio equipment.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 591 for means for illuminating building interiors with outside light.
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for artificial illumination generally.

Photo booth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter comprising a self-contained, relatively small studio enclosure which permits automatic photography of an individual or small group.

Background or foreground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter having means auxiliary to a primary object which are included in a photograph to produce a scenic effect.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, appropriate subclasses for backgrounds in the form of plural
strips, slats, or panels interconnected for relative motion, where only the structure thereof, with or without operating, mounting, or housing means, are claimed and no features specialized to photography (such as surface characteristics of the background or particular relation to the object to be photographed) are claimed.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 88 for sets used in motion pictures.

Lighting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including detailed studio illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for camera structure combined with object illuminating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 3 for photos:graphic lighting, per se.

Object support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure for maintaining an object at a desired position during studio photography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
310 for camera data recording.
419 for camera support, in general.
556 for phototype composing which may include diverse-type stencil carrier.

DISPOSABLE OR RECYCLABLE CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a camera body structure is loaded with film at a factory and the entire structure is returned to the factory for removal and processing of the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 for a camera body detail.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 109 for remanufacturing of electrophotos:graphic parts.

AERIAL CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for aerial photography or is combined with or specially adapted for attachment to a support which is at a practically inaccessible altitude or is combined with means specially adapted for controlling exposures at inaccessible altitudes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 756+, for foreign art collections involving aerial cameras.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 144 for television cameras adapted for aerial viewing.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 820 for lens mounts with means to compensate for temperature change.

Having shutter or film feed speed and air or spin speed synchronizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the camera is intended to be mounted on an air vehicle and has means for varying the speed of the shutter or photos:graphic medium feeding mechanism in response to a change in the speed of the air vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure with film drive in general.
FOR 757, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having shutter or film speed and air or spin speed synchronizing.

Simultaneous recording of plural images:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein two or more images are recorded at the same time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for plural image recording in general.
FOR 759+, for foreign art collections involving an aerial camera having simultaneous recording of plural images.

Plural images recorded on plural film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter wherein the plural images are recorded on separate photos:graphic media.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for plural image recording in general.
FOR 760, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having plural images recorded on plural film.

Including continuously moving film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a film is shifted without interruption during the recording of a single exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for a scanning camera.
387 for camera structure with film drive in general.
FOR 762, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera including continuously moving film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses for recording of motion pictures.

Support or holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter including means for supporting the camera against gravity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for camera support, in general.
FOR 765, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having support or holder.

Having stabilizing (e.g., gyroscope, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the camera support has a stabilizing system to compensate for the movement of the structure to which the support is mounted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for systems which actually sense camera shake and provide subsequent stabilization.
FOR 761, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having direction stabilizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for gyroscopes.

BODY EXAMINATION PHOTOGRAPHY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph a living being or portion thereof for subsequent identification or inspection.

Skin ridge pattern (e.g., fingerprint):
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph distinctive elongated raised areas of a skin surface.
(1) Note. This typically comprises fingerprint photography but may also include comparable photography of a palm or sole of foot.

Mouth, jaw, or tooth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted for dental-type photography.

Endoscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is attached to a device which may be inserted within the body through a relatively small opening.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 65 for a video endoscope.
385, Optical Waveguides, 117 for an optical fiber bundle endoscope, per se.
600, Surgery, 101 for a surgical endoscope with illuminating means which may or may not include an imaging device such as a camera.

Eye photography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph the exterior or interior of an eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for eye gaze tracking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting, 206 for an objective-type eye examining or testing instrument that includes still or motion picture
photos:graphic apparatus.

HOLLOW CAVITY TYPE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for use in photographing the interior of a hollow cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for a camera with endoscope.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, subclass 107.2 for well-bore photos:graphic recorders.
348, Television, 65, 84, and 85 for television cameras adapted for use in endoscopes, pipelines, or well-bores, respectively.

SCANNING CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including camera structure wherein there is relative motion between the lens and a light sensitive surface in order to increase the angular extent of the view covered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for an aerial camera making a single exposure on a continuously moving film.
436 for variable frame masking producing a wide aspect ratio photograph.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses and particularly subclass 349.1 for a rotatable support base.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 69 for a motion picture panoramic camera.

Including reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter which utilizes a mirrorlike element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for means to reflect an image to film in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for a mirror, per se.

Concave film surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein a photos:graphic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and the exposure is made upon the inner cylindrical surface.

Convex film surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter wherein a photos:graphic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and exposure is made upon the outer cylindrical surface.

Synchronization of film and camera movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter including means to apply a force to photos:graphic medium surfaces to effect motion, and means which operates in time relationship therewith to apply a force to the camera to effect its motion during exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for shutter/film speed with air/spin speed synchronizing.
11 for an aerial camera utilizing continuously moving film.
387 for camera structure and film drive, in general.

UNDERWATER, WATERPROOF, OR WATER-RESISTANT CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is provided with means for protection from liquid intrusion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 for a generic camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 81 for television cameras adapted for use in underwater environments.

Fluid pressure detection or modification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter which senses or changes gas or liquid pressure in the immediate vicinity of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 700 for a fluid pressure gauge.

Camera removable from handheld casing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including a camera portion readily separable from a manually supported enclosure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
420 for a camera with operator support, in general.

Having illumination device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter including structure providing light to an underwater object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for object exposure illumination, in general.

Handheld camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the camera is manually supported.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
420 for a camera with operator support, in general.

SELF-DEVELOPING CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having camera structure and developing means which are enclosed in a light excluding case in which a photos:graphic medium may be subjected to one or more fluid-treating operations, such as sensitizing, developing, etc.
(1) Note. For classification herein, the camera and treating devices must be in a single light excluding case or connected by a light excluding chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
527 for plate or cut film assemblies, per se, which include processing chemicals.
564 for photos:graphic fluid treating apparatus, per se.

Including means to treat superimposed material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter wherein an image-exposed sheet or strip is brought into contact with a second sheet or strip and means to treat the sheet or strip with a fluid.
(1) Note. Generally a sheet with an exposed image thereon and a second (receptor) sheet are brought into contact after a fluid has been applied thereto to transfer the image from one sheet to the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
580 for fluid-treating apparatus, per se, for treating superimposed or laminar sheets.

Including pressure means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter having means to apply a pressing force to facilitate the dispensing of processing fluids to the image-exposed sheet.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the collapsing of a rupturable container of fluid to release the fluid on the sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
582 for treating superimposed or laminar sheets with fluid dispensing apparatus, per se.

Roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter wherein the means to apply a pressing force has a peripheral surface in the shape of a cylinder.
(1) Note. The roller must be for the purpose of dispensing the fluid as distinguished from rollers which may be used to move or press the sheets without a fluid dispensing action.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for a roller dispensing the fluid by a wetting action rather than a pressing action and with superimposed sheets.
42 for a fluid roller applicator not limited to superimposed sheets.

Light shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter which includes light blocking at a photos:graphic medium exit slot.

Tab:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein a small projection from the side of a camera is pulled to provide motive force to remove a photos:graphic medium therefrom.

Ejecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter which provides means to propel a photos:graphic medium from the camera.

Having pick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter having a claw member which moves a photos:graphic medium into engagement with the ejecting means.

Exposed photos:graphic medium engaging or holding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter having means to handle or retain a photos:graphic medium following exposure.

Holding chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the retaining means comprises a container attached to or an integral part of a camera.

Mechanical detail of roller or roller drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter which recites particular mechanical structure of the roller or drive mechanism therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
584 for roller details in fluid treating apparatus which operates on superimposed sheets.

Operating on rolled material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein one of the sheets or strips is wound into the form of a cylinder.

Including fluid applicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter having a supply of treating fluid and including means for dispensing said fluid onto light sensitive material.
(1) Note. The fluid applicator is a saturated web, wetting roll, sprayer, doctor blade, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
564 for various fluid applicator apparatus, per se, and especially subclasses 582+, 604+, 625, and 627.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, 239 for liquid application members in an electrophotos:graphic device.

Including film processing tank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Subject matter having a receptacle or container for holding the developing fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
636 for a film or print processing vessel.

And means to move film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter including active means to propel light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure with film drive, in general.

Having tank filling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including a supply source of fluid and means for dispensing the fluid in the tank.

Operating on rolled photos:graphic medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter having a supply of light sensitive material wound into the form of a cylinder.

Plural tanks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter having two or more receptacles or containers.

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR SEQUENCING AT LEAST THREE FUNCTIONS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a circuit to coordinate three or more major camera operations (e.g., coordination of focus operation, exposure control, and film advancing; coordination of self-timer operation, photometering, and focus operation; etc.).

SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to self-organize previously set camera parameters in order to make decisions about subsequent camera settings.
(1) Note. This includes systems utilizing neural networks, fuzzy logic, and other artificial intelligence circuits.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
395, Information Processing System Organization, appropriate subclasses for generic artificial intelligence circuits.

ATTITUDE SENSING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to detect orientation of a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for camera shake sensing.

EYE TRACKING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to detect gaze direction or visual axis of a camera operator's eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for a camera particularly adapted for eye photography.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 333.03 for display of a frame and line of sight determination.

CAMERA SHAKE SENSING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to detect vibration of a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring or Testing, 570 for vibration measuring.

With accelerometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter having a device that detects acceleration of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring or Testing, 488 for acceleration measuring.

With photoarray:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter having an array of photoelements to detect the camera vibration.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes), 443 for a light-sensitive array consisting of solid-state elements.

Having stabilization system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter having a means to compensate for vibration of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for an aerial camera with stabilizing.
421 for an operator camera support with stabilization not having camera shake detecting.

HAVING WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to control a camera from a distance by electromagnetic signals or sound (e.g., voice).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for nonremote operator controlled data entry into a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 142 for generic optical communication remote control.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 8 for remote monitoring of an electrophotos:graphic device or component.

Camera system data/mode entry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter wherein the means sets camera parameters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for nonremote operator controlled data entry into a camera.

Camera aiming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter wherein the means changes the camera field of view.

Camera release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter wherein the means starts an exposure cycle.
(1) Note. Excluded herein is a camera release initiated by a mere burst of light from an object exposure illumination means which activates a photocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for object exposure illumination means which may activate a photocell for camera release.
263 for a camera release control circuit in general.
502 for a mechanical shutter release or actuator means.

PSEUDO ZOOM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to designate and record the location of a portion of a standard size photos:graphic frame which, during subsequent printing of such portion, simulates the use of a variable focal length lens at the time of the original exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective (e.g., zoom, etc.).
311 for generic recording of photos:graphic data used in subsequent processing.
435 for variable frame masking by an opaque element.

FLASH SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO FOCAL LENGTH OR DISTANCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an artificial illumination means or a circuit controlling the artificial illumination means is adjusted in accordance with the focal length of the exposure objective or the distance from the camera to an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for object exposure illumination in general.
FOR 771+, for foreign art collections involving object illumination with camera structure.

Illumination angle responds to focal length or distance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein an output light beam area of the artificial light varies according to the focal length of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for a variable illumination angle device, in general.

EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO FOCAL LENGTH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a shutter or diaphragm mechanism is adjusted in accordance with the focal length of an exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for camera exposure control circuit in general.
FOR 710+, for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system or device.

Control of full open aperture value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the effective maximum aperture size is responsive to focal length.

EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO DISTANCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to adjust a shutter or diaphragm in accordance with the distance from the camera to an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for camera exposure control circuit in general.
FOR 710+, for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system or device.

With linear solenoid or rotary motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the adjusting means includes a prime mover using electromotive force to produce a mechanical rotation or translation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for control circuits of electromechanical devices.

Electric distance signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including a circuit for producing a signal indicative of the distance between the camera and an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for a camera indicator, in general.

Selective guide number:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including a manually adjustable member to input to the adjusting means a value related to the light output capability of an illumination means.

Low light activated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including means to detect the amount of scene light and to enable the adjusting means when the amount of scene light is below a preset level.

Having indicator:
Subject matter under 65 including means to convey photos:graphic related information to the camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for a camera indicator, in general.

HAVING LENS CONVERTER OR EXTENSION TUBE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a unit removably mounted to the exposure objective which alters the focal length or permits closeup photography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for lens substitution-type focal length modification.
530 for an adapter providing mechanical interface between a lens having one type of mount and a camera having a different type of mount.
544 for a camera attachment, per se.

HAVING VARIABLE FOCAL LENGTH OF CAMERA OBJECTIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having camera structure and means to change the focal length of an exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for a camera with pseudo zoom capability.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 676 for a lens, per se, with variable magnification (e.g., zoom).

Lens moves in or out of light path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein a lens may be inserted or removed from the photos:graphic light path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a converter which may be removably attached to an exposure objective to vary focal length.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
672 for a lens, per se, having selective magnification by exchanging a lens component.

Turret type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter including a rotating disc or table to insert or remove a lens from the photos:graphic light path.

Motorized lens displacement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter wherein the lens is moved in or out of the light path by a motor.

Manually selected preset zoom position or range:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including a device to move the exposure objective to a memorized zoom position or within a zoom range manually chosen by a camera operator.

Automatic change of focal length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the focal length of a camera objective is adjusted in accordance with a sensed condition without operator intervention.

Constant image size:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the exposure objective is adjusted to maintain the size of an image unchanged (e.g., as the object moves further away or closer to the camera).

Having focus operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including means to adjust the sharpness of an object image for focus compensation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for camera exposure objective focusing, in general.
FOR 700+, for foreign art collections involving automatic camera focusing.
FOR 835+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing.

Including focus/distance detecting circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter which has a circuit which produces a signal representative of a focus condition or range to an object.

And focal length responsive memory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter having an electronic static storage means containing data used to maintain focus of the exposure objective system as the focal length is varied.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, particularly 103, 114+, and 174+ for a static storage element comprising semiconductor material.

Focus position adjusted according to focal length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein objective focusing is modified by a change in focal length.

Having mechanical interlock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter having a mechanical connection between compensator and variator elements of the exposure objective in order to maintain focus as the focal length is varied.

Having direct viewfinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter having a viewfinder with an optical path separate from the optical path to the photosensitive medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for camera structure with viewfinder, in general.
FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involving a camera viewfinder.

Power zoom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein a motor drives the exposure objective to change focal length.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 696 for a variable magnification (e.g., zoom) lens, per se, having motor driven adjustment.

Speed control or step driving:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter wherein the velocity of the exposure objective is regulated or where the exposure objective is moved in discrete increments.

Having position sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter which includes a device which detects the location of the exposure objective.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter having means to convey information to the camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for camera structure with display in general.
FOR 910+, for foreign art collections involving a camera indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, appropriate subclasses for a selective display in general.

WITH EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE FOCUSING MEANS, FOCUSING AID, OR RANGEFINDING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means for adjusting the relative spacing between an exposure objective and the photos:graphic medium to alter a sharpness of an object image; means for assisting a camera operator in making a visual determination of image sharpness; or means for measuring a distance from a camera to an object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for control circuit for sequencing at least three functions which may include focusing.
79 for camera structure with variable focal length of an exposure objective including focusing means.
461 and 509, for diaphragm structures, per se, which may open for focusing or viewing.
534 for a camera hood which may be used in focusing or viewing.
FOR 700+, for foreign art collections involving automatic camera focusing.
FOR 835+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 201.1 for photocell controlling its optical path.
348, Television, 345 for focus control of video camera.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 140 for focus control with a motion picture camera.
355, Photocopying, subclass 56 for automatic focusing of a projection printer.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 3 for rangefinding, per se.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 694 for zoom-type lens adjusting mechanism, and subclasses 823+ for lens mount adjusting mechanism.

Lens resetting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having means to drive the exposure objective to an initial position.

Lens characteristic compensating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having means to correct the focusing or rangefinding means according to a condition (e.g., optical aberration, full open aperture, etc.) of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 814, for a foreign art collection involving rangefinder adjustably coupled with focusing to compensate for change of camera lens.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 637 for path length or aberration correcting element in dividing, combining, or plural image forming, etc.

By selecting effective photoelements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including means to choose appropriate photosensitive elements for a condition of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for dual purpose photoelement in exposure objective focusing means or rangefinding means.
111 for optical detail with photoelement system in exposure objective focusing means or rangefinding means.
172 for photocell measuring the light output of an artificial illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

By modifying electric focus or drive signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including means to correct the data of a focus condition signal of the exposure objective in accordance with a desired in-focus condition signal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
332, Modulators, 123 and 159+ for frequency or amplitude modulation including stabilization, noise reduction, or compensation.

With mechanical rangefinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including means to alter an interconnection between a nonelectrical device, which determines a distance from a camera to an object, and an exposure objective to compensate for exposure objectives having different characteristics.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for mechanical rangefinding means for measuring the distance from the camera to the object.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 3 for rangefinders, per se.

Having pursuit mode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a means to predict movement of the object for focusing the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for actual detection of object motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 352 for video camera, system, and detail with motion detection in focus control.

Having accumulation photoarray and time control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having an array of photoelements that integrates an amount of light received from the object over a time period for focusing the object image and a means to vary the time period.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for camera shake sensing using photoarray.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.
348, Television, subclass 332 for video camera, system and detail with array of photocells.

Temperature compensating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the focusing or rangefinding means due to changes in temperature of the surrounding atmosphere.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 820 for lens mount with temperature compensation or control.

Ambient light compensating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the focusing or rangefinding means due to changes in light of a scene to be photographed.

With amplification control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the means for focusing the exposure objective includes a variable gain circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 254 and 278+ for semiconductor amplifying device with gain control means.

Dual purpose photoelement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a light responsive element used for another purpose besides focusing or rangefinding.
(1) Note. A dual purpose photoelement is, for example, a photoelement that monitors the brightness of a scene and transmits signals to an automatic focusing control circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for optical detail with photoelement system in focusing or rangefinding means.
162 for photocell in the termination control of an illumination means.
171 for photocell used as a flash trigger.
172 for photocell measuring the light output of an artificial illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

With electronic filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a circuit for eliminating unwanted components of a signal from the focusing or rangefinding means (e.g., spatial filtering, frequency filtering, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 551 for unwanted signal suppression using electrical nonlinear devices.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 166 and 167+, for time domain or frequency domain filters.
364, Electrical Computer and Data Processing Systems, for filtering in measuring, testing, or monitoring.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 190 for signal extraction or separation (e.g., filtering).
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating, 300, and 819 for digital and analog filters, respectively.

Having in-focus threshold adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a circuit for generating a variable reference signal representing adequate sharpness of an object image (e.g., an in-focus condition of an object image).

Manually selected preset focus position or range:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a circuit to move the exposure objective to a memorized focus position chosen by the camera operator or within a manually chosen focus range.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for a manually selected preset zoom position or range.

Reliability of focus/distance signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a circuit for judging a performance of focusing or rangefinding.

Using sound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the distance from the camera to the object is determined by emitting or detecting sound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for camera controlled by electromagnetic signals or sound.
FOR 701, for a foreign art collection involving camera autofocusing using sound.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, 99 for an acoustic echo system, per se, for distance or direction finding.

Having auxiliary illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter which includes an artificial illumination source.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for studio structure with lighting.
28 for underwater, waterproof, or water resistant camera having an illumination device.
61 for flash system responsive to focal length or distance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 541 for burglar alarms combined with means to photograph the burglar.
348, Television, 370 for video camera, system, and detail with object or scene illumination.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 198 for projection light sources.
355, Photocopying, 67 for illumination systems with a projection printer.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 248 for electrical circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices.
362, Illumination, 3 for photos:graphic lighting, per se.
431, Combustion, 357 for combustible illuminating flash devices such as photos:graphic bulbs.

Intersecting focusing lights:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter having means to project light rays from two separate stations within the camera to a common point on the object for focusing or rangefinding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 812, for a foreign art collection involving a camera rangefinder using focusing lights.

Intensity control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter having means to adjust the brightness of the artificial illumination source.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for power supply control in artificial illumination means.

Having plural emitters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter having more than one artificial illumination source.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 11 for photos:graphic lighting with plural light sources.

Scanning emitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the artificial illumination source emits light rays that move across the object.

Optical detail with photoelement system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a photoelement system and a specific light-modifying means used to control focusing or rangefinding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 702+, for foreign art collections involving photoelectric-type, automatic camera focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 201.2 for photocell controlling its own optical systems with automatic focus control.
348, Television, 336 for video camera, system and detail with color separating optics.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 618 for light dividing, combining, or plural image forming.

Double wedge prism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes at least two triangular shaped refracting elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Image Projectors, subclass 81 for prism in an image projector light path.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 625 for focusing or defocusing using noncurved surfaces (e.g., prismatic, etc.), subclass 640 for light-dividing, combining, or image-forming by prismatic-type refractor, and subclass 837 for a prism with refracting surface.
362, Illumination, subclass 339 for light modifier with prismatic type refractor.

Microprism or lenslet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes an array of refracting elements producing a plurality of identical images.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 621 for light dividing, combining, or plural image forming using plural lenticular plates.

Dual reimage lens type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes two lenses behind the lens system for producing images of the object.

Photosensor area with unique edge pattern:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter
wherein the photoelement system includes a photosensor area having a specific edge configuration (e.g., a sawtooth, a curve, a ramp, etc.).

Scanning type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes a moving optical element other than an exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 209-221 and 223-226 for light deflection using a moving element.

Mirror type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the moving optical element is reflective.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 212 and 223+ for light deflection by moving a reflective element.

Moving photocell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the photoelement system is moved.
(1) Note. A photocell is an electronic device having electrical properties which vary in accordance with illumination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

Photoelements with different optical path lengths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the photoelement system includes photoelements located at different distances from the exposure objective.
(1) Note. The different distances may be the result of a light-modifying element that changes the distance the light travels (i.e., optical distance) which may be different than the distance measured by a ruler (i.e., physical distance).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

With Position Sensitive Device (PSD):
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the photoelement system is a light receiving element which can produce two or more current outputs upon receiving light from an object.
(1) Note. A distance from a camera to an object is measured based on the ratio of the current outputs of the PSD.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 206.1 and 206.2 for position sensitive device in photocell controlled circuit.

Plural focusing or rangefinding areas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including a circuit that obtains data from more than one object area for focusing or rangefinding.

Utilizing weight coefficients:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter having a circuit to assign a priority factor to each datum of the obtained data.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for a circuit judging a performance of focusing or
rangefinding.

Automatic area selection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the object area is selected by a device using an algorithm for determining whether or not the object area is in focus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for a circuit judging a performance of focusing or rangefinding.

Single focus area with variable size or location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a photoarray and means for selecting a subset of the photoarray to perform focusing or rangefinding.

Processing circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including details of an analyzing circuit that generates at least one signal for focusing or rangefinding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for a circuit generating a variable reference signal of an in-focus condition.

Null type or zero-difference type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates two signals and detects an in focus condition when the two signals are essentially equal in magnitude.
(1) Note. An in-focus condition occurs when the image of the object attains a desired sharpness.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits and Systems, 63 for an amplitude discriminator, per se, having plural inputs.

Inflection point type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates a signal and detects an in-focus condition when the signal is at a relative maximum or minimum magnitude (i.e., when the first derivative of the signal function becomes zero).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits and Systems, 58 for signal extrema discriminating, per se.

Image correlation type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates two image signals and determines the phase difference of the image signals for focusing or rangefinding.

Power supply control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting an exposure objective includes details of an electrical power generation, regulation, or control circuitry.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for generic camera power supply.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for power supply or regulation, in general.
348, Television, subclass 372 for power supply in video
camera, system, and detail.

Focus lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including means to stop further focusing or rangefinding once an in focus condition of the object is obtained to allow a camera operator to change an area of a scene to be photographed while maintaining the in focus condition.

Manually actuated power focus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the exposure objective includes a manually manipulated member (e.g. lever, dial, knob, push button) and a motor (spring or electrical type) responding to the manually manipulated member for displacing the exposure objective for focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for manual manipulator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
216 for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with clamp or stop needle device.
218 for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with direct drive galvanometer device.
297 for operator controlled data entry into camera.
391 for a film drive double exposure prevention mechanism having manual override.

Dual purpose motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having a single motor for adjusting the exposure objective and for controlling an exposure system.

Lens drive circuit or motor structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the exposure objective includes a circuit and a motor, or details of the motor structure, responding to the circuit for displacing the exposure objective. (e.g. motor drive control circuit, piezoelectric motor, wave motor).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for shutter driven by piezoelectric motor.
256 for shutter controlled by stepping motor.
259 for diaphragm controlled by stepping motor.
261 for diaphragm driven by piezoelectric motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 696 for lens adjusting mechanism driven by motor.

Backlash or jam detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter which includes means to correct a deviation that occurs in the displacement of the exposure objective or to detect a malfunction of the exposure objective adjusting means.

Speed control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter having means to control the rate of motion of the motor.

Duty cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the speed of the motor is controlled by varying the percentage of time that power is applied to the motor during a periodic power cycle.

Auto/manual mode selection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having means to choose between automatic or manual focusing or rangefinding.

Mechanical rangefinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including nonelectrical means to measure the distance from the camera to the object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for mechanical rangefinding means with lens characteristic compensating.
FOR 809+, for foreign art collections involving camera structure and rangefinder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 3 for rangefinders, per se.

Rangefinder coupled with focusing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder is connected to the exposure objective and both are moved simultaneously for focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 810+, for foreign art collections involving camera structure and rangefinder coupled with focusing.

Having parallax correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter including means to correct for the difference between an actual view covered by the exposure objective and an apparent view seen by the mechanical rangefinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for parallax correction with viewfinder in focusing or rangefinding operation.
377 for parallax correction with viewfinder in general.
FOR 811, for a foreign art collection involving parallax correction in a camera rangefinder with coupled focusing.

Having viewfinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter including an optical device attached to or part of a camera to indicate an extent of a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for direct viewfinder in camera structure with variable focal length of camera objective.
148 for viewfinder in focusing or rangefinding operation in general.
373 for camera structure with viewfinder in general.
FOR 813, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure with rangefinder coupled with focusing and viewfinder.
FOR 839+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing having viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 341 for optical viewfinder in video camera, system, and detail.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 8, for combination of a rangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

Cam means to actuate rangefinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder and the exposure objective are moved by a cam/follower mechanism.
(1) Note. A cam/follower mechanism is a device that
produces movement by using a mechanical element that rides on the surface of a rotating or translating eccentric.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 815, for a foreign art collection involving a rangefinder actuated by a cam.

Lever means to actuate rangefinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder and the exposure objective are moved by a lever/fulcrum mechanism.
(1) Note. A lever/fulcrum mechanism is a device that produces movement by using a mechanical element that rotates on a pivot point.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 816, for a foreign art collection involving a rangefinder actuated by a lever where the rangefinder is focus coupled.

Mechanical mechanism for displacement of exposure objective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having mechanical means (e.g., gear train, lever) for moving the exposure objective to obtain a sharp image.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 835+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 822 for lens mount with adjustable focusing mechanism.

Bed or bellows type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter including a flat platform upon which the exposure objective moves or a pleated expandable element between the exposure objective and the camera body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for bellows objective camera exclusive of recited focusing operation.

Having lock mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter including a means to prevent accidental movement of the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for bellows objective camera with guide and lock.
503 for safety lock of shutter actuator.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter having means to convey focusing or rangefinding information to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
163 for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control.
201 for indicator with object exposure illumination.
239 for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode.
255 for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function.
281 for camera indicator in general.
515 for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.
FOR 709, for a foreign art collection involving automatic camera focusing with focus indicator.
FOR 838, for a foreign art collection involving manual camera focusing with distance indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 84 for light-controlling display.

Having viewfinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including an optical device attached to or part of the camera to indicate an extent of a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for viewfinder and a mechanical rangefinder.
373 for camera structure with viewfinder in general.
FOR 839+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing with viewfinder.
FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involving camera detail including viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 8 for combination of a rangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

Having parallax correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter including means to correct for a difference between an actual view covered by the exposure objective and an apparent view seen by the viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for parallax correction with mechanical rangefinder coupled with focusing.
377 for parallax correction with viewfinder in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 333.09 for parallax correction.

Including focusing screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter including an optical device having a surface upon which a scene image formed by the exposure objective can be seen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 840+, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing with viewfinder including focusing screen.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
355, Photocopying, 44 for focusing screen in projection printing or copying cameras.

Film and focusing screen interchangeable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter wherein the focusing screen and a photos:graphic medium are successively brought into a same position relative to the exposure objective.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 808, for a foreign art collection involving camera having interchangeable film and focusing screen.

And reflector or refractor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter including an optical device that turns back or bends light (e.g., mirror or prism), behind the exposure objective for directing light to the focusing screen.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 841, for a foreign art collection involving manual camera
focusing including focusing screen and reflector.

OBJECT MOTION DETECTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein movement of a photos:graphic subject is sensed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for focusing having means to predict object movement.

FORESHOOTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to partially expose a photos:graphic medium prior to the main picture taking exposure in order to modify photos:graphic medium sensitivity.

WITH OBJECT ILLUMINATION FOR EXPOSURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to illuminate an object with artificial light (illumination means; e.g., a flash device) for exposure purposes in combination with a camera structure.
(1) Note. Exposure purposes include, for example, preexposure illumination for red-eye reduction, determining a proper exposure, or providing illumination when the shutter is open.
(2) Note. See "OBJECT ILLUMINATION SUBCOMBINATIONS" note under the main class definition for line notes with other classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for studio structure with lighting.
28 for underwater, waterproof, or water- resistant camera having an illumination device.
61 for flash system responsive to focal length or distance.
106 for focusing or rangefinding operation with auxiliary illumination.
FOR 713+, for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination.
FOR 771+, for foreign art collections involving object illumination with camera structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, see (2) Note above.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, see (2) Note above.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 541 for burglar alarms combined with means to photograph the burglar.
348, Television, 370 for video camera, system, and detail with object or scene illumination.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 198 for projection light sources.
355, Photocopying, 67 for illumination systems with a projection printer.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 248 for electrical circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices.
362, Illumination, 3 for photos:graphic lighting, per se.
431, Combustion, see (2) Note above.

With Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter having an IGBT connected in series with an illumination means circuit and used to control the start and termination of the artificial light producing from the illumination means.
(1) Note. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a voltage-controlled, three-terminal, switching device that is a combination of a transistor of pnpn structure and a MOS field effect transistor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 427 and 438+ for switching device using field effect transistor or four-or-more layer device.

Having preexposure illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the illumination means operates a first time to illuminate the object for a preparatory photos:graphic operation prior to exposure and operates a second time to illuminate the object for exposure.
(1) Note. A preparatory photos:graphic operation includes red-eye reduction, photometering, test flashing, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 715, for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination and preexposure flashing.

For red-eye reduction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter wherein the preparatory photos:graphic operation is to decrease the pupil size of a subject's eyes to minimize having the color of a subject's eyes appear red in the developed picture (e.g., red-eye effect).

Having artificial illumination termination control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter having a means to stop the illumination means from producing light whenever a proper amount of illumination has been given to the object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 716+, for foreign art collections involving automatic exposure control including flash termination control of artificial illumination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: System, 307 for
automatic current or voltage regulation of lamp or discharge devices.

Including multipurpose terminal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter having a detailed terminal which connects an illumination means to a camera body and through which plural distinct control signals are transmitted in either direction.

Including exposure control circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter having a circuit to control an exposure system (e.g., shutter or diaphragm).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for exposure control circuit with illumination mode.
171 for photocell that responds to a burst of light for starting a flash operation or for starting an exposure system.
180 for camera structure with object illumination and exposure synchronizer.
213 for generic camera exposure control circuit.
FOR 720+, for foreign art collections involving an automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination where exposure is controlled without controlling flash.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 221, 229+, and 362+ for exposure control circuit in video camera, system, and detail.
352, Motion Pictures, subclass 141 and 177 for automatic diaphragm or shutter control in a motion picture camera; subclass 199 for projection light source synchronized with shutter.

Having photocell optical path structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the termination control includes a photocell and an optical means for conducting, directing, or modifying light reaching the photocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for optical detail with photoelement system in focusing or rangefinding operation of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 201.1 for photocell controlling its own optical system.
348, Television, 336 for video camera, system, and detail with color separating optics.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 618 for light-dividing, combining, or plural image forming.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter having a means to convey information to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
147 for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means.
201 for indicator with object exposure illumination.
239 for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode.
255 for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function.
281 for camera indicator in general.
515 for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 84 for light-controlling display.

Variable intensity control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter having a means to adjust the brightness of the artificial light from the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 718, for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination which is charge level or power supply responsive.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 307 for automatic current or voltage regulation.

Activated under low light condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the illumination means is automatically enabled whenever scene light is insufficient for a proper exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 719, for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination automatically activated under low light condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 307 for automatic current or voltage regulation.

Exposure control circuit with illumination mode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which a circuit controlling a shutter or a diaphragm (i.e., exposure control circuit) is modified when the
illumination means is intended to be used.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for artificial illumination termination control with exposure control circuit.
171 for photocell that responds to a burst of light for starting a flash operation or for starting an exposure system.
180 for camera structure with object illumination and exposure synchronizer.
213 for generic camera exposure control circuit.
FOR 720+, for foreign art collections involving an automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination where exposure is controlled without controlling flash.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 221, 229+, and 362+ for exposure control circuit in video camera, system, and detail.
352, Motion Pictures, subclass 141 and 177 for automatic diaphragm or shutter control in a motion picture camera; subclass 199 for projection light source synchronized with shutter.

Exposure control circuit responsive to illumination source readiness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter having means to detect when the illumination means is enabled in order to automatically switch the shutter or diaphragm control circuit to the illumination mode of operation.

Program mode function:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit automatically determines both an aperture value and exposure time value in accordance with a scene illumination (i.e., no manual setting of the aperture value or exposure time is required).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for program mode in generic exposure control circuit.

Shutter speed function only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit adjusts an exposure time value to control a shutter only.
(1) Note. Manual control circuit that has an illumination mode and that adjusts both exposure time value and aperture value is classified in subclass 166.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for program mode in generic exposure control circuit.
246 for adjustment of shutter speed function only in generic exposure control circuit.

Diaphragm function only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit adjusts an aperture value to control a diaphragm only.
(1) Note. Manual control circuit that has an illumination mode and that adjusts both exposure time value and aperture value is classified in subclass 166.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for program mode in generic exposure control circuit.
257 for adjustment of diaphragm function only in generic exposure control circuit.

Having photocell used as flash trigger or used for camera release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which a photoelement responds to a burst of light for starting an illumination means (a flash operation) or for starting the exposure system.
(1) Note. Slave flashes are included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for a remote control circuit which provides a wireless signal to achieve camera release.
100 for dual purpose photoelement in focusing or rangefinding operation.
263 for a release control circuit, in general.
FOR 724, for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including a photocell used as flash trigger for artificial illumination.

Photocell directly illuminated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a photoelement receives the artificial light directly from the illumination means to measure the light output of the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for lens characteristic compensating by selecting effective photoelements during focusing.
96 for focusing or rangefinding with accumulation photoarray and time control.
100 for dual purpose photoelement in focusing or rangefinding.
111 for focusing or rangefinding devices with optical details of a photoelement system.
162 for photocell in the termination control of an illumination means.
171 for photocell used as a flash trigger.
269 for a photocell having specific camera location and responsive to an adjacent light emitter in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

Multiple flashing from a single unit for a single exposure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which one flash device operates more than one time during one exposure.

Bounce type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the illumination means rotates about an axis to make the artificial light reflect from a surface, such as a ceiling, to the object to more fully diffuse the artificial light.

Variable illumination angle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the illumination means includes means to change the cross-section area of the artificial light beam.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for a camera photocell and means for changing the photocell field of view.
FOR 795, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure and a variable angle artificial illumination system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 369 for changing viewing angle via optics in video camera.
362, Illumination, subclass 287 for angularly adjustable or repositionable light source with modifier.

Having flash built into camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the illumination means and a camera body are constructed as a single integrated unit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 796, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure and flash built into camera.

Pop-up flash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the single integrated unit includes a spring or a motor to extend the illumination means from the camera body.

Folding flash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the illumination means is manually collapsed and extended from the camera body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for folding or collapsible camera.
FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involving double exposure preventing with foldable camera.

Flash mode mechanical exposure control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including an all mechanical device to adjust an aperture size or an exposure time when the illumination means is enabled.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
472 for shutter with mechanical delayed release means.
475 for shutter with mechanically delayed closing.

Having exposure synchronizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including means to actuate the illumination means in timed relationship with an exposure.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses include shutter mechanism which is synchronized with an operation of an activation switch in a flash lamp circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 776+, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronization.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 177 for motion picture camera with starting or stopping means responsive to shutter and subclass 199 for projection light sources synchronized with shutter.

Shutter controlled by explosive force of flash device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein a flash device includes a combustible material the ignition of which provides a mechanical force to open or close a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 777, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination with synchronized shutter controlled by explosive force of flash device.

Multiple illumination units for single exposure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including more than one illumination means actuated during a single exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 779, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing including multiple illumination units.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 11 for plural light sources in photos:graphic lighting.

Shutter relay or solenoid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including electromagnetic means to actuate or release a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
463 for shutter with dynamoelectric actuator.
FOR 780, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing with shutter relay or solenoid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for electromagnetic device control circuits.

Having pneumatic shutter release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including gas pressure means to actuate a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
476 for shutter mechanically delayed closing including pneumatic means.
499 for shutter with plural oscillating blades including pneumatic actuator.
FOR 781, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing having pneumatic shutter release.

Electromechanical energizing generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including an electromechanical transducer which produces electric current for operating the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 782, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing having energizing generator in flash unit.

Reflex mirror activates switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including a reflex mirror which closes a switch for activating the illumination means when it moves from a viewing position to an exposure position.
(1) Note. A reflex mirror is a mirror which when in a viewing position diverts light from the objective to the viewfinder, and when in an exposure position allows light from an objective to pass to the photos:graphic medium (film).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
352 for camera structure having reflex mirror to reflect image to film.
353 for a twin lens reflex camera.
354 for a single lens reflex camera.
447 for camera detail with reflex mirror.
FOR 783, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing where a reflex mirror closes contacts.

Having time delay adjustment means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including means to alter the starting time of the illumination means with respect to an initiation of shutter opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 784+, for foreign art collections involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing having time delay adjustment.

Positional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein a mechanical device is displaced for altering the starting time of the illumination means with respect to the initiation of shutter opening.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 785, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and camera synchronizing having a positional time delay adjustment.

Detachable synchronizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein the means to actuate the illumination means in timed relationship with the exposure can be disconnected from the camera.
(1) Note. Illumination means connected to a camera by a detachable cable are proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. The synchronizer is not part of the camera nor of flash unit but only attached thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 786, for a foreign art collection involving artificial illumination and detachable camera synchronizer.

Convertible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter including means for changing from one type of illumination means to another.
(1) Note. A camera capable of alternatively using a percussive flash or electrically activated flash, or a flash unit capable of using two forms of flash bulbs, is proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 787, for a foreign art collection involving a convertible artificial illumination source and camera synchronizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 7 for a convertible photos:graphic lighting device.

Percussive illumination source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein the illumination means includes combustible illuminating material which is ignited by a mechanical striking blow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for a shutter controlled by the explosive force of a flash device.
FOR 788, for a foreign art collection involving a percussive illumination source and camera synchronizing.

Bulb substitution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein the illumination means includes extra flash bulbs which are automatically substituted for flash bulbs that have already been activated or are defective and which cannot produce light (e.g., flashcubes, flipflash, etc.).
(1) Note. A flash bulb is a light bulb giving a brief, intense light for exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
173 for multiple flashing from a single unit for a single exposure.
197 for bulb substitution of the illumination means without exposure synchronizer.
FOR 789+, for foreign art collections involving a flash unit having spare lamps and camera synchronizing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 13 for lamp substitution or selection in photos:graphic lighting devices.

Having unison film advancing and lamp switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter including means for coordinating an advance of a photos:graphic medium (film) with the automatic substitution of the extra flash bulbs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure with film drive.
FOR 790, for a foreign art collection involving a flash unit having spare lamps and camera synchronizing including unison film advance and lamp switching.

Curtain shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein the camera structure includes a shutter which is formed by a flexible sheet or curtain.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
479 for curtain-type shutter, per se.
FOR 792, for a foreign art collection involving object illumination and camera synchronizing including a curtain shutter.

Actuated by shutter movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter wherein the camera structure includes a shutter and a switch responsive to the shutter movement for activating the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 793, for a foreign art collection involving object illumination and camera synchronizing where flash unit contacts are actuated by shutter movement.

Bulb ejector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including means to remove a flash bulb from its socket.

Bulb substitution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the illumination means includes extra flash bulbs which are automatically exchanged for flash bulbs that have already been activated or are defective and which cannot produce light (e.g., flashcubes, flipflash, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
173 for multiple flashing from a single unit for a single exposure.
192 for bulb substitution of the illumination means in timed relationship with an exposure.
FOR 794, for a foreign art collection involving object illumination with camera structure having lamp substitution.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 13 for lamp substitution or selection in photos:graphic lighting devices.

Having adapter unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including an additional housing detachably mounted between the illumination means and the camera body to connect the illumination means to the camera.

Lens mounted illumination unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter having a flash device attached onto an exposure objective (e.g., lens) of the camera.

Reflector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein the illumination means includes structure of an optical element that turns back (i.e., reflects) the artificial light from the illumination means to an object.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for a mirror, per se.
362, Illumination, subclass 16 for specific light modifier in photos:graphic lighting.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter having means to convey visible illumination information to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
147 for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means.
163 for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control.
239 for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode.
255 for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function.
281 for camera indicator in general.
515 for detachable, film-holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid-treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.
FOR 772+, for foreign art collections involving camera structure and object illumination having measuring, testing, or indicating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 84 for light-controlling display.
362, Illumination, subclass 5 for measuring or indicating in photos:graphic lighting devices.

Go/no-go indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter wherein the indicator informs a camera operator that the illumination means is ready to produce light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 773+, for foreign art collections involving camera structure and object illumination having flash ready indicator.

Indicating power source status:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter wherein the indicator shows a status of a capacitor charge level or a battery level of the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 774, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure and object illumination having flash ready indicator showing power source status.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 37 for power supply diagnostics in an electrophotos:graphic device.

Effective distance indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter wherein the indicator shows a distance an object should be from the camera for proper illumination of the object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 775, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure and object illumination having distance indicator.

With power supply detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter including a specific structure of an electrical power generation, regulation, distribution, or control circuitry of the illumination means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for camera power supply in general.
FOR 718, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control including artificial illumination which is charge level or power supply responsive.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for power supply or regulation, in general.

Having DC to DC converter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including means to step up or step down the direct voltage of the power supply.

EXPOSURE DATA FROM FILM CONTAINER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein exposure data which is stored on a photos:graphic medium container is transferred to another camera component.
(1) Note. Exposure data includes, for example, mode information, film speed, latitude, etc.
(2) Note. Excluded herein is midroll interrupt means which may utilize information on a film container.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for midroll interrupt means which may utilize information stored on a film container.

Electrical component on or in film container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Subject matter wherein the film container comprises an electrical circuit element.

Controlling optical filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Subject matter wherein the exposure data is used to regulate an optical path filter.
(1) Note. Intensity attenuation by such a filter may occur over a particular range of optical frequencies or be uniform over all frequencies.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 885 for absorption filters, per se.

EXPOSURE DATA FROM FILM ITSELF:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein exposure data stored directly on a photos:graphic medium is transferred to another camera component.
(1) Note. Exposure data includes mode information as well as such information as film speed or latitude.
(2) Note. Excluded herein is midroll interrupt means which may utilize information placed on film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for mid roll interrupt means which may utilize information stored on a photos:graphic film.

EXPOSURE DATA FROM DETACHABLE MEMORY CARD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein exposure data stored in a semiconductive memory device which is itself removable from a camera is transferred to another camera component.
(1) Note. This does not include, for example, a removable lens or electronic flash unit containing a fixed (i.e., nonremovable) semiconductor memory device.
(2) Note. Exposure data includes mode information as well as such information as film speed or latitude.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for memories, per se.

BULB OR TIME EXPOSURE MODE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to keep the shutter open as long as the shutter release button is depressed or to open the exposure path upon the first depression of the shutter release button and to close the exposure path upon the second depression.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for a camera release control circuit.
502 for a shutter release mechanism.

EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having electric circuit means to control a shutter, a diaphragm, or another optical element; e.g., a light filter for regulating the amount of light reaching a photos:graphic medium or film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for control circuit for sequencing at least three functions which may include exposure control.
63 for exposure control system responsive to focal length.
65 for exposure control system responsive to distance.
100 for photocell used for another purpose besides focusing or rangefinding.
161 for camera structure with artificial illumination termination control including exposure control circuit.
166 for exposure control circuit with illumination mode.
171 for photocell that responds to a burst of light for starting a flash operation or for camera release.
180 for camera structure with object illumination and exposure synchronizer.
263 for a generic release control electrical circuit.
FOR 710+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control system or device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for photoelectric devices, per se.
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Device, 523 for photosensitive devices and subclasses 103+ for photosensitive devices having secondary emitters.
348, Television, subclass 221, 229, and 362+ for exposure control in video camera.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 141 and 177 for automatic diaphragm or shutter control in motion picture camera.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 213 for photometers.
399, Electrophotography, 51 for control of exposure in an electrophotos:graphic device.

Clamp or stop needle control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter in which the shutter or the diaphragm responds to a device sensing a deflected position of a galvanometer needle.
(1) Note. A galvanometer is an instrument having a needle attached to a coil rotated by electrodynamic force when a current is passed through the coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 738, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having clamp or stop needle-type control of a diaphragm shutter.
FOR 747, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having clamp or stop needle-type control of a diaphragm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 76.11 for measuring electricity using a galvanometer.

To control exposure time:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter in which the clamp or stop needle control device regulates exposure time of the shutter.

Override or manual control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter having camera operator manipulated means to regulate the amount of light reaching the photos:graphic medium to supersede an automatic exposure control or independent of automatic exposure control.
(1) Note. Automatic exposure control is the adjustment of the shutter or the diaphragm in accordance with the brightness of the scene as detected by a photoelement without camera operator intervention.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for operator-controlled data entry into camera.

Direct drive galvanometer control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter including a galvanometer having its rotation directly transmitted to control the shutter or the diaphragm.
(1) Note. A galvanometer is an instrument having a needle attached to a coil rotated by electrodynamic force when a current is passed through the coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 749+, for foreign art collections involving camera
automatic exposure control having direct drive galvanometer control of a diaphragm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 76.11 for measuring electricity using a galvanometer.

Override or manual control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter having camera operator manipulated means to regulate the amount of light reaching the photos:graphic medium to supersede automatic exposure control or independent of automatic exposure control.
(1) Note. Automatic exposure control is the adjustment of the shutter or the diaphragm in accordance with the brightness of the scene as detected by a photoelement without camera operator intervention.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for operator-controlled data entry into camera.

Circuit detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter in which the electric circuit means contains another component (e.g., a switch, transistor, etc.) in addition to a photocell or a battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 750, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having direct drive galvanometer control of a diaphragm which uses a bridge circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

Plural blades:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the shutter or the diaphragm comprises more than one blade.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
497 for shutter with plural oscillating blades.
510 for diaphragm with plural pivoted blades.

Responsive to power source condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having a means to avoid changes in the operation of the exposure control means due to fluctuations in current or voltage of a power source (e.g., voltage/current regulator).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for camera operation responsive to battery condition in general.

Bracketing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having means to take a plurality of exposures at incremented exposure times or aperture values to obtain an intentional under, over, or proper exposure.

Override control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having means to regulate the amount of light reaching the photos:graphic medium to supersede automatic exposure control.

Photometer lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having means to allow a camera operator to store a value indicative of a scene brightness which will be used by the exposure control circuit during a future exposure (i.e., AE
lock).

Color temperature compensation or detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having means to correct or sense a spectral distribution of light reaching the photos:graphic medium.
(1) Note. Spectral distribution is the function that represents intensity of each frequency of light in a visible spectrum.

Film latitude responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit operates in accordance with a range of gray scale values or tonal values that can be recorded on the photos:graphic medium; i.e., film latitude.

Maximum or minimum f-number responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit takes into account the smallest and largest aperture size of an exposure objective.
(1) Note. F-number represents light passing ability of a lens and is equal to the ratio of the lens focal length divided by the aperture size value.

Having log transformation circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit includes means to convert a voltage or current to a voltage or current having a logarithmic function.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 725+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control having a logarithmic transformation.

Digital:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter in which a counter, a register, or CPU is used in the transformation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 726, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having a digital logarithmic transformation.

Antilog:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter in which the logarithmic voltage or current is transformed to its original value.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 727, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control with log expansion.

Having temperature compensation circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the exposure control means due to changes in ambient temperature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 728, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control with temperature compensation.

Viewfinder light compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the exposure control means due to light entering a camera
viewfinder eyepiece.

Having plural photocells:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter having more than one light responsive device in the exposure control means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 729+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control having plural photocells.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

More than two photometering areas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter in which the light responsive device has more than two discrete light responsive areas.
(1) Note. A single photocell array or self- scanning photocell is considered to have more than two discrete light responsive areas unless it is explicitly stated to have only two.

Velocity control of shutter or diaphragm component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit controls the rate of motion of a shutter or diaphragm element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for exposure time circuit control of the shutter.
257 for aperture size circuit control of the diaphragm.

Look-up table memory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit has an addressable semiconductor memory for storing exposure related values.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for memories, per se.

Manually set limit of exposure time or aperture value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit responds to a manually set range restricting an exposure time or aperture value.

Manually selective exposure mode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter in which a plurality of exposure modes can be selected by a camera operator.
(1) Note. Exposure modes include, for example, manual mode, aperture priority, shutter priority, or program mode.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter having means to convey photos:graphic related information to the camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
147 for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means.
163 for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control.
201 for indicator with object illumination for exposure.
255 for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function.
281 for camera indicator in general.
515 for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 84 for light-controlling display.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 170 for indicating means visible in viewfinder of motion picture camera.

Pulse train type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control means includes means producing a series of pulses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems, 291 for pulse waveform generators, per se.

With exposure filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter includes an optical device which eliminates unwanted components of the light reaching the photos:graphic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for exposure data derived from film container which controls an optical filter.
275 for filter in front of photocell to block undesired wavelengths of light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 212 for shutters with light-modifying blades including means to alter the color content of light.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 586-590 for light interference using device with layers of specified refracting index, and subclasses 885+ for generic color filters.

Program mode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit adjusts both exposure time and aperture value in accordance with a detected brightness of the scene.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for program mode circuits combined with object illumination.
FOR 742, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having selectable priority.
FOR 743, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having programmed control only.

Program selection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter wherein a camera operator can choose one of a plurality of algorithms for adjusting both exposure time and aperture value.

Stepping motor type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit drives a stepping motor for controlling the amount of light reaching the film.
(1) Note. A stepping motor is an electromechanical device which rotates by a fixed amount each time it is pulsed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for shutter speed function controlled by stepping motor.
260 for diaphragm function controlled by stepping motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 49 for structure of stepping motor.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in a closed-loop servo environment, in general.

Manual Av circuit with automatic Tv circuit, or vice versa:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter including a manual aperture control circuit (Av circuit) responsive to a manually set aperture value with an automatic exposure time control circuit (Tv circuit) generating an exposure time calculated from the manually set aperture value and a detected scene brightness; or a manual Tv circuit responsive to a manually set exposure time value with an automatic Av circuit generating an aperture value calculated from the manually set exposure time value and a detected scene brightness.
(1) Note. Aperture value (Av) or exposure time value (Tv) is a logarithmic number indicative of the aperture size or the exposure time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 741+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control having circuit for controlling separate diaphragm and shutter.

Shutter speed function only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit determines an exposure time to control a shutter mechanism only.
(1) Note. Manual control circuit for both Av and Tv is classified in subclass 213.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for shutter speed function control in exposure control circuit with illumination mode.
452 for a camera shutter, per se.

Shutter lag correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit sets an exposure time that compensates for a built-in delay of the shutter mechanism.

Piezoelectric driven:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit drives the shutter mechanism using a piezoelectric device.
(1) Note. A piezoelectric device produces a voltage when stressed or undergoes mechanical stress when subjected to a voltage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for piezoelectric device driving a diaphragm mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a piezoelectric device, per se.

Electro-optical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter wherein the shutter is an electro-optical device (e.g., Kerr cell, liquid crystal device, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
457 for an electro-optical camera shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 237 for an electro-optical modulator per se.

With digital counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit contains a digital counter or register.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for an electrical counter, per se.

Having RC circuit for timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit contains at least one RC (resistor and capacitor) circuit, the time constant of which is used for exposure time control.

Including memory capacitor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter in which the RC circuit contains at least one capacitor to store a voltage proportional to a scene brightness for a period of time during which the exposure control circuit cannot sense the scene brightness.
(1) Note. A single capacitor which performs both memory and timing is proper for this subclass.

Including plural selective capacitors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter having multiple capacitors from which to choose.

Including plural selective resistors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter having multiple resistors from which to choose.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter having means to convey photos:graphic related information to the camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
147 for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means.
163 for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control.
201 for indicator with object illumination for exposure.
239 for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode.
281 for camera indicator, in general.
515 for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 84 for light-controlling display.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 170 for indicating means visible in viewfinder of motion picture camera.

Stepping motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Subject matter
in which the exposure control circuit drives a stepping motor for driving the shutter mechanism.
(1) Note. A stepping motor is an electromechanical device which rotates by a fixed amount each time it is pulsed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for stepping motor under program mode of an exposure control circuit.
260 for stepping motor driving a diaphragm mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 49 for structure of stepping motor.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in a closed-loop servo environment.

Diaphragm function only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Subject matter wherein the exposure control circuit determines an aperture value to control a diaphragm mechanism only.
(1) Note. Manual control circuit for both Av and Tv is classified in subclass 213.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170 for diaphragm function control in exposure control circuit with illumination mode.
505 for a camera diaphragm, per se.
FOR 746+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control having circuit for controlling diaphragm only.

Pawl/ratchet type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter in which the diaphragm is adjusted to obtain a specific aperture size by an engagement of a mechanical device allowing rotation in only one direction (i.e., a pawl) with a toothed wheel (i.e., a ratchet).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 748, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having a ratchet/pawl mechanism for controlling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Elements and Mechanisms, 575 for generic pawls and ratchets.

Servo motor type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter wherein the diaphragm mechanism is controlled by an electric motor, the rotation or speed of which is controlled by a corrective electrical signal that is fed back to the motor circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 751+, for foreign art collections involving camera automatic exposure control having servo motor type circuit for controlling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 560 for motors in a positional servo system.

Using stepping motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit drives a stepping motor for driving the diaphragm to obtain a specific aperture size.
(1) Note. A stepping motor is an electromechanical device which rotates by a fixed amount each time it is pulsed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for stepping motor under program mode of an exposure control circuit.
256 for stepping motor driving a shutter mechanism.
FOR 752, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having servo motor-type circuit
which uses a stepping motor for controlling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 49 for structure of stepping motor.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 685 for stepping motors in a closed-loop servo environment, in general.

Piezoelectric driven:
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter wherein the exposure control means drives the diaphragm mechanism using a piezoelectric device.
(1) Note. A piezoelectric device produces a voltage when stressed, or undergoes mechanical stress when subjected to a voltage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for shutter driven by piezoelectric device.
FOR 753, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having special driving arrangement for controlling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a piezoelectric device, per se.

Electro-optical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Subject matter wherein the diaphragm is an electro-optical device (e.g., Kerr cell, liquid crystal device, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506 for an electro-optical camera diaphragm.
FOR 753, for a foreign art collection involving camera automatic exposure control having special driving arrangement for controlling diaphragm only.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 237 for an electro-optical modulator, per se.

CAMERA RELEASE CONTROL CIRCUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having an electrical circuit which controls a signal starting a photos:graphic exposure cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for a wireless remote control camera release circuit.
502 for a mechanical shutter release or actuator means.

Self-timer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter including a circuit which delays for a time the signal which starts a single photos:graphic exposure cycle.
(1) Note. An operator initiates the self-timer and then may enter the picture before a shutter is actuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for a wireless remote control camera release circuit.
286 for a self-timer indicator.
472 for a mechanically delayed release means (e.g., self-timer).
FOR 878, for a foreign art collection involving an electrical circuit providing delayed shutter release.

Intervalometer (e.g., rapid sequence):
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter wherein a signal starting an exposure cycle is produced at a particular time period after the end of a previous exposure cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure with film drive, in general.

Safety lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter having means to inhibit the camera release signal to prevent accidental initiation of an exposure cycle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for a mechanical shutter safety lock.

WITH LIGHT PIPE OR GUIDE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an optical waveguide (e.g., a fiber optic cable) which conveys light between points.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for an optical waveguide, per se.

HAVING PHOTOCELL AT SPECIFIC POSITION WITHIN CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a photocell is located with respect to a specific camera structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for camera shake sensing using photoarray.
92 for lens characteristic compensating by selecting effective photoelements.
96 for focusing or rangefinding with accumulation photoarray and time control.
100 for dual purpose focusing photoelement.
111 for focusing or rangefinding devices with optical details of a photoelement system.
162 for photocell in the termination control of an illumination means.
171 for photocell used as a flash trigger.
172 for photocell measuring the light output of an artificial illumination means.
570 for fluid-treating apparatus with photocell control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for generic photocell circuits.

Photocell responsive to adjacent illuminator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein the photocell is radiated by a light emitter in close proximity to the photocell.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for photocell measuring light output of an object exposure illumination means.

Movable into or out of light path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter including a mechanism to displace the photocell into or out of the light entering the camera.

In viewfinder area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter in which the photocell is mounted in or in the vicinity of a viewfinder.

Having two or more mirrors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter in which the camera has at least two mirrors and the
photocell receives light reflected by at least one of the mirrors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 850 for generic plural mirror systems.

Having light reflected from film or shutter or through film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter in which the photocell receives light reflected from a surface of the film in the camera or from a surface of the camera shutter or through the film.

Having means for changing the photocell field of view:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter including means to change a cross-section area through which the photocell receives light from a scene to be photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 369 for changing viewing angle via optics in video camera.

With color filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter includes a filter in front of the photocell to block undesired wavelengths of light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for exposure data derived from film container which controls an optical filter.
241 for exposure filter in exposure control circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 212 for shutters with light-modifying blades including means to alter the color content of light.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 586-590 for light interference using device with layers of specified refracting index and subclasses 885+ for generic color filters.

Having variable light transmission means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein the camera structure has means to adjust a light flux received at the photocell from an object to be photographed.
(1) Note. Predetector adjustable apertures or neutral density filters are properly classified here.
(2) Note. This does not include the camera diaphragm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 888 for a neutral density absorption filter.

BATTERY INSERTION/REMOVAL/ DEPLETION RESPONSIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera element is responsive to loading, unloading, or low voltage condition of a battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for exposure control circuit responsive to power source condition.
301 for camera structure with power supply details.

Having battery backup:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter having a device for maintaining power upon removal or depletion of primary battery.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for a power switch responsive camera system.

Having indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter having means to convey information regarding battery insertion, removal, or depletion to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for camera structure with indicator, in general.

INITIALIZING/STORING RESPONSIVE TO POWER SWITCH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to set a camera element or information to a preset condition upon turning a power switch on or off.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for camera responsive to battery insertion, removal, or depletion.
301 for camera structure with power supply details.

HAVING CAMERA INDICATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to convey photos:graphic information to a camera operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
88 for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective.
147 for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means.
163 for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control.
201 for indicator with object illumination for exposure.
239 for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode.
255 for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function.
515 for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation.
578 for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating.
FOR 709, for a foreign art collection involving automatic camera focusing including focus indicator.
FOR 763, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera and indicator.
FOR 772+, for foreign art collections involving object illumination and indicator.
FOR 819, for a foreign art collection involving motor film drive and spring tension indicator.
FOR 838, for a foreign art collection involving manual camera focusing and distance indicator.
FOR 855, for a foreign art collection involving film advancing and film position indicating.
FOR 910+, for foreign art collections involving camera detail indicator or setting means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 84 for light-controlling display.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 170 for indicating means visible in viewfinder of motion picture camera.

Display intensity control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter having means to adjust a brightness of the indicator to render it easily observed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 147 for
intensity control for a visual display system.

Sound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator produces a sound or vibration perceptible to the camera operator.

Film condition indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator shows a status of the film resulting from a camera operation (e.g., end-of-film, film frame count, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
515 for a film cassette or cartridge with integral means to show film use which is not visible to an operator during normal operation.
FOR 855, for a foreign art collection involving film advancing means including film position indicator.

Double exposure warning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Subject matter wherein the indicator shows that a film section has been exposed and the film must be fed to bring another section into position before another exposure can be made.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
389 for film drive with double exposure prevention.

Self-timer indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator conveys information concerning delayed release of a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for camera release control circuit with self-timer.

Nonmechanical visual display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator produces an optically perceivable indication without using moving parts (e.g., lamps, LED's, etc.).
(1) Note. Excluded herein are mere comparison type indicators which produce light adjusted by an operator until the light intensity matches scene brightness.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for comparison-type camera indicator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 84 for light-controlling display.

Having holos:graphic display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which the indicator exhibits a three-dimensional pattern (i.e., in holos:graphic form).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 1 for generic holos:graphic system or element.

Ambient light condition display using one of three light emitters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which brightness of a scene is shown as above, below, or correct for photos:graphic operation by using one of three indicator lamps.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 150 and 151 for selective color attributes with optical means in visual display systems.

Bar graph/scale display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which the indicator is shown in the form of a bar whose length varies essentially in a continuous manner or by lighting one of a plurality of emitters adjacent to a printed legend.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 35 and 140 for bar graph display.

Pictograph display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which the indicator shows an image symbol.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 117 for display of specified image of abnormal condition.

Character segment display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter in which the indicator includes a plurality of segments arranged to produce optically viewable letters or numbers when selected segments are activated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for camera structure with data recording including segmented alphanumeric indicia.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass 34 and 141+ for character display.

Galvanometer type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator includes a needle of a galvanometer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 76.11 for measuring electricity using a galvanometer.

Having plural pointers or match needle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter which includes a second needle manually displaced to a predetermined position with respect to the needle of the galvanometer in order to adjust a camera mechanism.

Comparison type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter in which the indicator produces light that is adjusted by a camera operator until the intensity of the light matches a scene brightness.

Having display in viewfinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter wherein the indicator is disposed within the field of view of the viewfinder of the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for camera structure with viewfinder, in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclasses 333.01-333.13 for video camera
with viewfinder or display monitor.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 170 for indicating means visible in viewfinder of motion picture camera.

HAVING OPERATOR CONTROLLED DATA ENTRY INTO CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to input desired photos:graphic operating parameters or modes into a camera system by an operator.
(1) Note. Also included here are patents reciting specific locations of camera manual manipulators.
(2) Note. Excluded herein are mechanisms which merely manually override double exposure prevention in a camera film drive.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for wireless remote camera system data/mode entry.
68 for manual manipulator in exposure control system responsive to distance.
131 for manual manipulator actuating power focus.
216 for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with clamp or stop needle device.
218 for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with direct drive galvanometer device.
391 for a film drive double exposure prevention mechanism having manual override.
543 for photos:graphic switch details.

Manual manipulators on lens unit or lens mount:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein manual manipulators for entering data into the camera system are on the exposure objective or lens mount.

Manual manipulators on camera body unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein manual manipulators for entering data into the camera system are on the camera housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
535 for a camera housing detail.

Manual data entry using peripheral device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Subject matter wherein data is entered into the camera system using an external device (e.g., bar code readers, external general purpose computers, etc.).
(1) Note. For data entry using detachable memory cards, see subclass 211.

WITH POWER SUPPLY DETAIL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including specifics of electrical power generation, regulation, or control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, appropriate subclasses for generic power supply or regulation.
399, Electrophotography, 88 for controlling power supply in an electrophotos:graphic device.

Having time-out circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter having a circuit which disables camera power after a predetermined time period.

Power distribution management:
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein power is selectively supplied to various camera elements for power management.

Having nonelectrochemical power source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter wherein power is generated by means other than an electrochemical battery.
(1) Note. This might include, for example, piezoelectric or solar cell sources.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, appropriate subclasses for a thermoelectric or solar cell power source, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a piezoelectric generator.

COLOR IMAGE USING MONOCHROME FILM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means for recording an image set on a light sensitive surface of a monochromatic base, the individual pictures or images representing an intensity image of the scene photographed corresponding to a particular color which is different from the color of the other images of the set.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for means to record plural images, in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 66 for motion picture cameras using monochromatic film for recording color images.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 31 for composite color image projectors.
355, Photocopying, 32 for multicolor photocopying projecting and copying cameras; subclass 88, for multicolor contact printing.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 502 for polarization elements with color filters, subclasses 618+ for light dividing, combining or plural image forming and subclasses 885+ for absorption filters, per se.
399, Electrophotography, appropriate subclasses for plural diverse color involving exposure, development, transfer, fixing, and cleaning in an electrophotos:graphic device.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemical radiation imagery involving color.

Using a lenticular element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter including means involving the interposition of a planar surface composed of a plurality of transmitting elements, each having a curved surface, between a subject and the light-sensitive surface.
(1) Note. Lenticular elements may be applied directly or in conjunction with a photosensitive film. Apparatus designed for use with such a composite film that necessitates the inclusion of additional color selective elements (e.g., filters, etc.) is classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 and particularly 327, for means to record plural images that include lenticular elements and not limited by color selective means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, appropriate subclasses for projectors involving lenticular film.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 619 for a surface composed of lenticular elements, per se.

Plural color filter sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter including a color selective element composed of plural portions that are selective to different colors, e.g., trichromic filter disk composed of red, green, and blue selective juxtaposed sections or portions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 885 for absorption filters, per se.

Simultaneous recording of images:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Subject matter wherein the individual pictures are recorded on separate light sensitive surfaces at the same time.
(1) Note. Recording the individual pictures or images on contiguous portions of the same film by separate light paths is proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 where the images are recorded successively.
306 for producing a color image using monochrome film utilizing an element comprising a planar surface having multiple lenses thereon.
322 for plural simultaneous image recording, in general.

Images recorded on separate films:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the separate light sensitive surfaces are on different light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for plural film in a camera.

WITH DATA RECORDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including camera structure and means for storing photos:graphic information either on the photos:graphic medium or on a separate storage element.
(1) Note. Photos:graphic information includes exposure information as well as other information related to a
photograph such as date, place, or operator name.
(2) Note. The data recorded is auxiliary to the image being recorded.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for plural image recording.
549 for phototype composing having letter or other symbol transfer to a photos:graphic medium.
FOR 766+, for foreign art collections involving exposure identification.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for data recorders, per se.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 90 for devices to place titles on motion pictures.
355, Photocopying, subclass 39 and 40+ for means to mark photosensitive surfaces which are also used to copy an original or carrier (document or negative) and does not involve a three dimensional subject.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 162 for exposure identification of X-ray photographs.

Data for control of subsequent processing of film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the data recorded by the camera provides input for processing apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for a camera with pseudo zoom data recording.

Sound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein audio information is recorded.

Having handwritten data:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein photos:graphic data is placed on the photos:graphic medium by a handheld instrument.

Having transfer strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Subject matter wherein data is transferred to the photos:graphic medium from a carrier by pressure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 768+, for foreign art collections involving exposure identification by transfer strip.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
462, Books, Strips and Leaves for Manifolding, 25 for transfer strips, per se.

Optical:
Subject matter under 310 wherein data is recorded using light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, 107.1 for photos:graphic data recorders, per se.

Mask or stencil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter including means for blocking light from the film to form indicia.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for means to variably mask portions of a frame, in general.
556 for phototype composing using stencil-type characters.
FOR 768+, for foreign art collections involving exposure identification by stencil.

Having auxiliary illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter wherein a camera itself generates light for illuminating the mask or stencil.

Segmented alphanumeric indicia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein discrete optical elements are patterned in such a way that indicia representing letters or numbers are formed.

Magnetically on film or film cassette:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein data is recorded onto a magnetic medium which is a part of the film or film cassette.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for dynamic magnetic information storage or retrieval means.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for statically storing or retrieving information on a magnetic medium in general.

Recording head position control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter which includes means to locate a recording head relative to the magnetic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage and Retrieval, 75
for automatic head control in dynamic magnetic information storage or retrieval, in general.

Removable semiconductor memory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein data is recorded into an integrated circuit memory temporarily attached to a camera body or film cassette.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for a detachable memory card which provides exposure data to a camera system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate subclasses for statically storing or retrieving information utilizing semiconductive elements in general.

PLURAL IMAGE RECORDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to photos:graphically record (1) plural images on one or more frames by a single exposure or (2) plural exposures on a single frame.
(1) Note. As indicated in the search notes below, this section does not provide for a plurality of single plate or frame exposures taken successively with a corresponding movement of unexposed plate or film frames into exposing position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for means for forming plural color sensitive images utilizing monochrome film.
353 and 354+, for reflex cameras which may allow successive recording of plural images.
360 for a magazine camera which may allow recording plural images successively.

Having alternative single image recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter including means to select plural image recording or single image recording during a single exposure.
(1) Note. A stereoscopic camera including means to allow making nonstereoscopic exposures such as single frame exposures are proper for this subclass.

Stereoscopic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein the plural images recorded correspond to the perspectives offered by a right and left eye.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 57 for stereoscopic motion picture cameras.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 7 for stereoscopic image projectors.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 462 for miscellaneous stereoscopic devices.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 41 for method and apparatus for making stereoscopic X-ray photos:graphic exposures.

Plural camera arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter having more than one camera each with its own lens and housing system.
(1) Note. Included here is a stereoscopic plural camera mount, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
326 for plural spaced lens systems with a common housing, and subclasses 322+ for dual cameras which record plural images and are not limited to stereoscopic recording.

Single camera with plural spaced objectives:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter wherein a single camera has plural spaced lenses for recording separate images.

With lenticular screen, mirror, or prism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter including a plane surface composed of a plurality of transmitting curved elements, a reflector, or a transparent body bounded in part by two plane surfaces angularly related (i.e., not parallel) where at least one of the plane surfaces is internally reflecting or refracting to impinging incident light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331 for plural image reflection onto a single objective.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 619 for a surface composed of lenticular elements, subclasses 831+ for prisms, and subclasses 838+ for reflectors.

Having film feed or guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter including means to move a photos:graphic medium or to direct a photos:graphic medium in a desired path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure with film drive, in general.
440 for film-restraining means or a pressure plate.

Having adjustable camera mount:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter including means to adjust the positioning of a camera to effect the recording of plural images that are to give the impression of solidity or relief.
(1) Note. An adjustable single camera stereoscopic mount, per se, is classified here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
325 for a stereoscopic plural camera mount, per se.
FOR 914, for a foreign art collection involving a stereoscopic mounting or rest.

Having lenticular screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter including a planar surface composed of a plurality of transmitting elements each having a curved surface.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 619 for a surface composed of lenticular elements.

Plural image reflection onto single objective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter including means having two or more mirrors or prisms for reflecting their images onto a lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
351 for means to reflect an image to film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 831 for prisms, per se, and subclasses 838+ for reflectors, per se.

Simultaneous recording of plural distinct subjects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter which records at the same time two or more images of subjects at locations having diverse optical paths to a camera focal plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
310 for image and photos:graphic data recording.
FOR 770, for a foreign art collection involving exposure identification including auxiliary identification photographing system.

Simultaneous recording of single subject:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter having means within an integral housing to facilitate simultaneously recording plural images of a single subject.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for simultaneous recording of color images using monochrome film.
324 for recording plural stereoscopic images.

Different planes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter wherein the images are recorded in diverse planes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for simultaneous recording of color images using monochrome film where the images are recorded on separate films.

Sequential recording on different areas of a single frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter wherein exposures are made upon successive portions of a single frame of a photos:graphic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for a scanning camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 167 for
photos:graphic detector supports including film and plate moving and positioning means.

Including rotary objective or photos:graphic medium support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein successive exposures are obtained by relative revolving movement of a lens and a light sensitive surface holder between exposures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for camera structure and film drive, in general.

Including preobjective mask:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein an element is disposed or attached between the subject and the lens to limit the exposure areas of the successive portions of exposed material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for post-objective masking, in general.

Including shiftable objective or photos:graphic medium support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein successive sections are brought into exposure position by relative shifting movement between a lens and a light sensitive surface holder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336 for relative rotary movement.
387 for camera structure and film drive, in general.

Shiftable photos:graphic medium support only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Subject matter wherein only the light sensitive surface holder is moved.

Including shiftable post-objective mask:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein successive light sensitive sections are exposed by shifting an apertured opaque device that is located between the objective and the light sensitive surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for post-objective masking, in general.

BELLOWS OBJECTIVE CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a flexible (usually pleated) opaque cylinder expandable along the optical axis of an objective and which connects the objective with a camera body.
(1) Note. The expandable (i.e., bellows) portion of this type of camera which joins an objective to a camera body may either be recited or disclosed for classification herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for a mechanical focusing mechanism in a bed or bellows camera in which an exposure objective is displaced.
350 for a foldable or collapsible camera with pivoting lens which may have bellows structure joining diverse camera housing portions.
373 for a bellows viewfinder.
FOR 805, for a foreign art collection involving a bellows reflex camera having single objective.
FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involving double exposure prevention having extensible camera structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 121 for corrugated bellows, per se.

Camera front or lens mount angularly adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein a camera front or objective mount is pivotable with respect to a photos:graphic medium plane so that the plane of the camera front or objective mount is not parallel to the photos:graphic medium plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 for a camera back or film carrier angularly adjustable.

Having lens movable in its plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter including means to move an objective within a single plane that is perpendicular to the lens axis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 813 for lens support, per se, which includes relatively movable portions to permit movement of the lens in a single plane.

Having guide and lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter including guides or ways on a camera base along which a lens holder moves and clamping means to hold the lens holder at various positions along the base.

Having hinged base attached to bellows:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter including a hinge joining a base or front of the camera with the pleated expandable element.

Having self-erecting lens holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter wherein a lens holder, connected to the bellows, is moved into operating position as the hinged base or front is moved from a closed inoperative position to an open operative position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
349 for a folding camera which stows an axially moving nonbellows objective.
350 for a folding camera which stows a pivoting nonbellows objective.

Hinged linkage between objective mount and housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Subject matter wherein hinged braces between an objective support and a camera housing provide support for the bellows or help to maintain the bellows at a particular extension.
(1) Note. A typical example of such a structure is the "lazy tong".

FOLDING OR COLLAPSIBLE CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to effect a reduction in camera size from an operative condition to an inoperative condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for a bellows objective camera.
373 for a folding or collapsible viewfinder.
FOR 805, for a foreign art collection involving a folding reflex camera having single objective.
FOR 848, for a foreign art collection involving double exposure prevention having folding camera structure.

Having axially moving lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter wherein a camera lens moves parallel to its optical axis during folding or collapsing.

Having pivoting lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter wherein a camera lens partially rotates about an axis located in the plane of the lens during folding or collapsing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
346 for a bellows objective camera with self-erecting lens holder.

HAVING MEANS TO REFLECT IMAGE TO FILM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a mirror to reflect the light rays from an object onto a light sensitive surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for a scanning camera which includes a reflector.
FOR 797, for a foreign art collection involving a camera which reflects an image to film.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 94 for a motion picture camera with deflected field of view.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for a mirror, per se.

Having reflex mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Subject matter which includes means to reflect light passing through the objective lens to a viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for illumination means and a reflex camera.
353 for a twin lens reflex camera.
354 for a single lens reflex camera.
447 for details of a camera reflex mirror.

TWIN LENS REFLEX CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising camera structure with two similar lenses, one a camera lens and one for a viewfinder, which are so coupled that they both focus on exactly the same plane and the viewfinder shows the view as focused by the camera lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for illumination means and a reflex camera.
354 for a single lens reflex camera.
447 for details of a camera reflex mirror.
FOR 798, for a foreign art collection involving a twin lens reflex camera.

SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising camera structure with one lens and a mirror to reflect image light passing through the lens to a viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for illumination means and a reflex camera.
353 for a twin lens reflex camera.
447 for details of a camera reflex mirror.
FOR 799+, for foreign art collections involving a reflex camera with single objective.

Having shutter and additional means to block light from film (e.g., screen):
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter having means to obstruct light from the light sensitive surface in addition to a shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 801, for a foreign art collection involving a reflex camera with single objective and light blocking from film.

Having manually operated mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter wherein the mirror is moved into and out of the image light path by hand.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 803, for a foreign art collection involving a reflex camera with single objective having manipulating means.

Having focal plane shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter including a shutter positioned adjacent to the plane where an image will be formed on a photos:graphic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
452 for details of a camera shutter.

With mirror support or drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter which includes a mount for the mirror or means to move the mirror.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for a manually operated mirror.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 871 for a mirror with mount, per se.

Plate camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter including two or more light sensitive surfaces, herein called "plates," not in the same plane which are encased within a camera and are brought to the exposure position one at a time without opening the receiver to light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
360 for a generic magazine camera which utilizes photos:graphic plates.
FOR 804, for a foreign art collection involving a reflex plate camera having single objective.

MAGAZINE CAMERA:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein two or more light-sensitive surfaces (herein called "plates"), not in the same plane, are encased within a camera structure or light-tight receiver attachable thereto and are brought to the exposure position one at a time without opening the camera or receiver to light or removing the receiver from the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for self-developing cameras which may include a film magazine.
335 for plural image recording formed successively on a single plate.
359 for a plate-type single lens reflex camera.
517 for plate or cut film holders.
FOR 822+, for foreign art collections involving a magazine camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 98 for individual picture plate type.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 167 for photos:graphic detector supports including film and plate moving and positioning means.

Rotatable magazine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the plates are mounted on a turret or drum magazine which is rotatable 360 degrees and which places a new plate in the exposure position upon a predetermined amount of rotation (e.g., a turret may have 2 or more sides with plates mounted on each side and pivoted at its center).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 823, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera having a rotatable magazine.

Flexible light guard for entrance of hand:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein a flexible end to the magazine box or light guard admits the hand of the operator to the box to permit a change of the plate which is effected by hand guidance of the changing mechanism or by a handhold on the plate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
590 for a fluid-treating, dark cabinet with hand insertion.
FOR 824, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera with a hand-changed plate.

Tilting receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the change of the plate from storage to exposure position or vice versa, necessitates vertical tilting of a receiver holding more than one plate in different planes.
(1) Note. Receivers which are hinged to the camera or to another in order that they may be moved out of the way when not in use, but which can be kept immovable for successive transfers, are not placed here, but are classified according to the method of transfer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 825, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera with tilting magazine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
221, Article Dispensing, 186 for article dispensers in which the supply container is movably mounted for dispensing.

Flexible carrier for plates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the magazine is characterized by flexible carrier means (e.g., a belt) for transferring the plates between the storage and exposure positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 826+, for foreign art collections involving a magazine camera having flexible carrier for plates.

Having tab means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter wherein each sensitized plate has its own carrier with a tab portion for manually pulling the plate around a curved track to or from the exposure area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 827, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera having flexible carrier for plates including tab means.

Sliding plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein plates are moved in a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 828+, for foreign art collections involving a magazine camera having a sliding plate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
221, Article Dispensing, 268 for article dispensers not otherwise provided for having reciprocating (including oscillating) means for ejecting the articles therefrom.

Sliding and return:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein plates are moved to an exposure position and back to the receiver in alternate directions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 829, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera having a plate which slides and returns.

Intermediate exposure chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the plate is moved to an exposure position between two other plate receivers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 830, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera having a sliding plate and intermediate exposure chamber.

Quarter-turned plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter including two receivers with plates, the planes of these plates are perpendicular to each other, and means for exposing the plates or transferring them from one receiver to the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for rotating an entire receiver.
FOR 831+, for foreign art collections involving a magazine camera having a quarter-turned plate.

Tilting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Subject matter wherein the plate transfer from one receiver to the other is effected by swinging the plate upon an axis in or near one of its edges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for rotating an entire receiver.
FOR 832+, for foreign art collections involving a magazine camera having a tilting quarter-turned plate.

Base guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter wherein the plate is guided at its base during movement between its two storage positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 833, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine camera having a tilting quarter-turned plate with base guides.

Rear plates replaceable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the plates are removed from one end or face of a receiver and replaced at the other end or back of the same receiver in a plane parallel to their first positions.
(1) Note. A space does not cease to be the same receiver in the sense used in the above definition because it is divided by a partition whose plane is parallel to that of the plates and which moves transversely to this plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
362 for hand-changed plates using a flexible light guard.
363 for tilting the receiver.
FOR 834, for a foreign art collection involving a magazine
camera with rear plate replaceable.

WITH VIEWFINDER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including camera structure combined with means to show a scene that will be included in a frame.
(1) Note. If no camera structure is claimed then the viewfinders, per se, will be classified elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for rangefinder and viewfinders.
148 for lens focusing and viewfinders.
296 for a camera indicator in a viewfinder.
FOR 859+, for foreign art collections involving a camera viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 227 for finders that do not deflect light.
348, Television, subclass 333 and 341 for television camera viewfinder or display monitor.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 171 for viewfinder and motion picture cameras.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 247 for fiducial instruments.

Electronic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter in which the scene is electrically reproduced on a viewing screen, such as an LCD monitor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 333.01 for television camera electronic viewfinder or dis monitor.

Lensless:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter in which the scene is viewed directly without any optics.

Pose reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter having means to reflect an image of a human subject as seen in the viewfinder back to the human subject.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 860, for a foreign art collection involving a camera viewfinder having pose reflector.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for mirror, per se.

Parallax correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter including means to correct the difference between an actual view covered by the exposure objective and an apparent view seen by the viewfinder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for parallax correction in a mechanical rangefinder coupled with focusing.
FOR 861, for a foreign art collection involving a camera viewfinder having parallax correction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 333.09 for parallax correction.

Selective or adjustable viewfinder field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter
having means to choose between plural viewfinder fields or to vary a viewfinder field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 862, for a foreign art collection involving a camera viewfinder having selective or adjustable viewfinder field.

Zoom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter in which a focal length or angle of view can be adjusted continuously.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for variable focal length of camera objective.

Variable size of mask opening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter in which a portion of the scene that is viewed is changeable by altering the dimension of a viewing aperture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for variable frame masking.

Variable orientation of finder image:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter in which the position of a mask opening is changeable between horizontal and vertical.

Lens detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter including specifics of an optical component that refractively focuses light.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 642 for a lens, per se.

Selective or adjustable viewing position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter which permits an operator to view one of several viewfinder images on fixed diverse planes or which permits angular adjustment of the viewfinder.
(1) Note. The viewfinder may have a viewing window or screens which are at 90 degrees to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 863, for a foreign art collection involving a camera viewfinder having selective or adjustable viewing position.

With prism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter having means to internally reflect or refract the light such as a pentaprism or porro prism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 831 for a prism, per se.

With reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter having means for returning light striking a surface into the medium from which it came.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 864+, for foreign art collections involving a camera viewfinder having a reflector.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for a mirror, per se.

Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter having more than one reflector.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 865, for a foreign art collection involving a camera viewfinder having plural reflectors.

WITH FILM DRIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having camera structure and means to convert energy to produce or impart motion to a light-sensitive material.
(1) Note. If no camera structure is claimed, then the drive means, per se, would be classified in the appropriate mechanical drive class. See SEARCH CLASS below for typical mechanical drive classes and search notes attached thereto for lines with other classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 817+, for foreign art collections involving a camera motor film drive.
FOR 852+, for foreign art collections involving camera film advance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for material advancement, per se, by acting on the material intermediate its length.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324 for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information carrier, per se.

Detachable drive unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter wherein a device providing powered film movement is readily
removable from or attachable to a camera body.

Double exposure prevention:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter wherein the camera has some structure which inhibits two superimposed images.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
285 for double exposure warning.
FOR 847+, for foreign art collections involving camera double exposure prevention.

Midroll interrupt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter wherein the camera has structure enabling the removal of a roll of film prior to exposure of the entire roll and to return the roll of film at a later time for completion of the exposure of the roll of film.

Having manual override:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter including means to permit the operator to manually manipulate a shutter actuating means so that the double exposure can be made.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 849, for a foreign art collection involving manual override of camera double exposure prevention.

Having film-sensing member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter including means for engaging a film to detect a state of film advancement and, responsive to the detection, either permitting or prohibiting exposure.

Having double cable release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter including two synchronously operated elongated actuators, one for the film drive and the other for a shutter release.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504 for cable release, in general.

Responsive to film-winding lever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter in which a manually operated member for film transport cocks a shutter or releases a shutter lock.

Film movement limiting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter including means to restrict film advancement to an increment corresponding to one film frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 846, for a foreign art collection involving interlocking film advance and shutter tension or setting including film movement limiting.
FOR 853, for a foreign art collection involving film advancing means having film movement limiting.

From film drive transmission member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter wherein a mechanical driving mechanism controls the amount of film advancement to the desired increment without sensing film movement.

From film itself:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter including means to detect film movement and in response to the detection limiting advancement to the desired increment.

Having switch actuated by perforation sensing pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein the means for detecting film movement is a member which rides on the film and in response to a film opening makes or breaks a circuit connection.

Having film locked by perforation sensing pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein engagement of a member which rides on the film and in response to a film opening directly restrains further advancement of the film.

Having film transport mechanism locked by perforation sensing pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Subject matter wherein movement of a member which rides on the film and in response to a film opening shifts a member to prohibit further operation of the film drive means.

Film transport cocks shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter wherein a motive power for moving the film also charges a shutter mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for camera element cocking or resetting in general.
FOR 844+, for foreign art collections involving interlocking
film advance and shutter tension or setting.

Film transport cocks shutter and mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Subject matter wherein the motive power also charges a reflex mirror.

Having mechanically actuated circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter wherein a film drive circuit is triggered by the motion of a physical element.
(1) Note. This would include, for example, a cam-actuated circuit.
(2) Note. A significant electronic film drive circuit not mechanically actuated is classified in subclasses 406+.

Film feed error detection or end of film detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein a mechanically actuated circuit senses improper film movement or maximum film extension from its container.

Rewind:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein a mechanically actuated circuit reverses film movement at the completion of all desired exposures thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for a significant electronic rewind circuit.
413 for mechanical detail of a rewind mechanism.
FOR 854, for a foreign art collection involving film advance including rewind means.

Having significant electronic circuit detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter having a particular electrical or electronic device for controlling film movement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 821, for a foreign art collection involving automatic film advance having electronically timed electrical motor.

Prewind:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter wherein the electrical or electronic device controls a mechanism to withdraw the entire length of film from the film container prior to a first exposure.

Initialization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter wherein the electronic circuit controls film movement prior to the first desired exposure.

Film feed error detection or end of film detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter having electrical or electronic means to sense improper film movement or maximum film extension from its container.

Rewind:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter having an electrical or electronic circuit which reverses film movement at the completion of all desired exposures thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for a mechanically actuated rewind circuit.
413 for mechanical details of a rewind mechanism.
FOR 854, for a foreign art collection involving film advance including rewind means.

Mechanical detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter wherein the subject matter relates to miscellaneous mechanical structure or particular mechanical features of the film drive.

Spring motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter including means to mechanically store energy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, 37 for a spring motor, per se.

Rewind:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter comprising means to reverse film movement at the completion of all desired exposures thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for a mechanically actuated rewind circuit.
410 for a significant electronic rewind circuit.
FOR 854, for a foreign art collection involving film advance including rewind means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 124 for rewinding of film strip.

Posterior film roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter having a photos:graphic medium roll which lies behind the plane upon which an exposure is made.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
511 for a removable film holder unit.
FOR 856, for a foreign art collection involving film advance including a posterior roll.

Having threading structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter including means for the initial advancement of a film leader from a supply chamber to a take-up chamber.

Drive means having rectilinear path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter wherein a member supplying motive power to the film moves linearly while in engagement with the film.

Sheet film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter wherein transported film comprises an individual piece of rectangular or cut film.

Including electric motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter also having means converting electrical energy to mechanical energy to provide motive power.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 820+, for foreign art collections involving automatic film advance having an electric motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric motor.

CAMERA SUPPORT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including structure for maintaining a photos:graphic camera in a fixed position or fixed path of movement with respect to some reference point.
(1) Note. Camera structure combined with a camera support is classified here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for an aerial camera support or holder.
329 for an adjustable stereoscopic camera support.
FOR 913+, for foreign art collections involving a camera mounting or rest.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, appropriate subclasses for a horizontally supported planar surface.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 316.2 for a camera case.
224, Package and Article Carriers, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 185 for camera carriers that are attached to the operator's body or belt.
248, Supports, for supports of general utility, and especially 163.1 for a plural leg support.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 139 for an optical instrument (e.g., camera) carrier gripped and carried by hand.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 243 for a motion picture camera with support, and see (1) Note thereunder.

Operator supported:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein a camera operator assists in maintaining the photos:graphic camera in fixed position.

Having stabilization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein provision is made for damping out vibrations due to the movement of an operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for aerial camera stabilizing.
55 for systems which actually sense camera shake and provide subsequent stabilization.

Having means to attach other photos:graphic accessories:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter which allows additional photos:graphic accessories to be connected to the operator support.

Having strap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a flat belt provides camera operator support structure.

Integral with camera body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein an interface structure between the operator and the camera is a constituent part of a camera housing.

Having release actuator on support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a shutter release is located on the support itself.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
502 for mechanical camera shutter release means, per se.

Having actual or simulated handheld weapon structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Subject matter including an individually carriable implement of hunting or war or simulated version thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, appropriate subclasses for a firearm, per se, such as a rifle.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, appropriate subclasses for a mechanical projector, per se, such as a crossbow.

Surveillance type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein a camera mount is particularly adapted to permit surreptitious photos:graphic monitoring of an area usually for security purposes.

Adjustable support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein the support may be selectively fixed in any one of a plurality of positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for an adjustable stereoscopic camera support.

CAMERA COMBINED WITH OR CONVERTIBLE TO DIVERSE ART DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a camera is combined with means recognized as the subject matter of some other class, or selectively performs two dissimilar functions by appropriate rearrangement of parts or use of special adaptor structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
544 for a camera attachment, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 137 for conversion from a still to motion picture camera.

Convertible to developed image projector or viewer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein a camera is convertible to a device which projects or allows observation of a visible image.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Image Projectors, for an image projector, in general.

With light beam projector for delineating field of view:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein a camera is combined with a light source which marks object boundaries which will appear in a photos:graphic frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for illumination devices, per se.

With diverse compound lens system (e.g., microscope):
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein a camera is combined with a separate plurality of lenses or lens groups arranged in series coaxially along an
optical axis so that light rays passing from an object external to the plurality of lenses form an image of that object, which is subsequently viewed and which plurality of lenses or lens groups is recognized as subject matter of another class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 363 for a compound lens system which may have a broadly recited photos:graphic image recorder where the primary purpose of the system is that of viewing.

With camouflage structure (e.g., spy camera):
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein a camera is combined with structure intended to hide the presence of such camera from an outside observer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for a surveillance-type camera support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.01 for ordnance shrouds or cloaks.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 919 for a Cross-reference Art Collection related to camouflaged articles.

With radio or clock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter wherein a camera is combined with either a wireless audio receiver or timekeeping device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
368, Horology, 10 for a detailed horological device combined with disparate device.
455, Telecommunications, 344 for a detailed telecommunications receiver combined with diverse art device.

VARIABLE FRAME MASKING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to change the physical dimensions of the exposed area of a frame utilizing an opaque element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for plural image recording which includes a preobjective mask.
FOR 806, for a foreign art collection involving camera with picture size variable.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 79 for plural picture size motion pictures.

Having wide aspect ratio:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Subject matter wherein longitudinal strips at the top and bottom of a frame are simultaneously blocked off by an opaque element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for a scanning camera.

CAMERA BACK OR FILM CARRIER ANGULARLY ADJUSTABLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having means to cover the rear of a camera or means to support a photos:graphic medium wherein either is shiftable with respect to an objective so that the vertical plane of the objective is not parallel to a plane of the means to cover the rear of a camera or of the means to support a photos:graphic medium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for a bellows objective camera having a front or lens mount which is angularly adjustable.
FOR 807, for a foreign art collection involving a camera having camera back or film carrier angularly adjustable.

DAGUERREOTYPE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to that branch of photography known as "daguerreotypy" in which sensitization and development are secured by the use of mercury vapor to produce a positive image on a silver coated copper plate.
(1) Note. Included here also is a plate vise or holder, per se, which is adapted for daguerreotype use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
579 for gaseous treating photos:graphic apparatus, in general.
654 for photos:graphic plate holders, in general.
658 for burnishing, in general.

CAMERA DETAIL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which defines miscellaneous structure or particular details of a camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 842+, for foreign art collections involving camera details.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subclass 207 for diaphragm, shutter, or shading board in an electrophotography device.

Film restraining means or pressure plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter having means to press or hold a film in a plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 843, for a foreign art collection involving film restraining means.

Pneumatic or magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter in which a force to press or hold the film is generated by a pressure differential created by a gas medium or by a magnet.

On camera door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter in which the means to press or hold the film is located on a closure member.

Camera element cocking or resetting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter having means to move camera components to a ready position in preparation for taking a picture.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
401 for film transport that cocks shutter.
FOR 891, for a foreign art collection involving a pivoting or rotating blade shutter and cocking means.

Shutter charging lever on lens housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter wherein an elongated member for cocking a shutter is on the body structure surrounding the optical elements.

Film cutoff:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter having means for cutting a portion of a light-sensitive
material from a strip.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
613 for photos:graphic cutting in a fluid treating apparatus.
FOR 851, for a foreign art collection involving film cut-off.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding and Reeling, 522 for convolute winding with cutting.
355, Photocopying, subclass 29 for means to cut film in projection printing.

Plural film types:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter wherein the camera structure provides for an alternative use of more than one type of supply or size of light sensitive material for recording.
(1) Note. Excluded herein are mere plate holders having provision for accepting plates of diverse sizes (i.e., plate holder kit).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for plural film in a camera used for color photography which utilizes monochrome film.
322 for plural image recording.
519 for plate or cut film holder kit.
FOR 850, for a foreign art collection involving a plural film-type camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 79 for motion pictures with plural picture sizes or types.

Reflex mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter
comprising means for selectively reflecting light from an optical path of the camera lens to a viewfinder to enable through the lens viewing of the object.
(1) Note. Included here are submirrors which operate in conjunction with the reflex mirror.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
353 for twin lens reflex camera.
354 for single lens reflex camera.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for mirrors, per se.

Lens cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter comprising integral camera structure for protecting the object side of a lens.

Diaphragm shutter unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter comprising a single means to interrupt and control light passing through the lens to a light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
471 for plural shutters.
FOR 870, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter and diaphragm formed from the same pivoted or sliding plates.

Sliding plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Subject matter wherein the light interrupter means is a stiff sheet which travels in a linear path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
483 for sliding plate-type shutter.

Between the lens components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Subject matter wherein the light interrupter is placed between the front and rear lens components of an objective.

Shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Subject matter comprising means to interrupt the light passing through the lens to a light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for shutters synchronized with illumination means.
246 for exposure control circuit controlling shutter speed function only.
FOR 866+, for foreign art collections involving details of a camera shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses, especially 204 for shutters utilized in motion picture apparatus.
355, Photocopying, subclass 121 for shutter utilized in photocopying, and see search notes for other search areas in Class 355.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 227 for movable opaque light control element, per se; subclasses 237+ for optical modulator (including electro-optical), and subclasses 738+ for lens having light limiting or controlling means, and see notes attached thereto for the line with Class 396.

Having braking or damping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter comprising means to slow the speed of the light interrupting
member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for exposure control circuit with velocity control of shutter or diaphragm component.
FOR 892, for a foreign art collection involving camera shutter having pivoting or rotating blade and brake means.

Having braking or damping member in path of shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the means to slow the speed intersects a path of travel of the light interrupting member so that there is contact between the light interrupting member and the means to slow a speed.

Having pneumatic or electromagnetic braking or damping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein a force to slow the speed is generated by a pressure differential created by a gas medium or by a soft-iron device wound with a current carrying coil of insulated wire.

Of focal plane shutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the light interrupting member is at an image plane of the lens.

Electro-optical, magneto-optical, or photochromic type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter having an optical medium whose light transmission characteristics can be changed by an application of an electric or magnetic field or light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for exposure control circuit for electro-optical
shutter.
506 for diaphragm of electro-optical, magneto-optical or photochromic type.
FOR 867, for a foreign art collection involving an electro-optical shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 237 for light intensity modulation.

Including diaphragm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including means to selectively vary the amount of light passing through the lens from the given object to a light sensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
505 for a diaphragm, per se.
FOR 868+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter and diaphragm.

Plural selectable apertures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Subject matter including multiple different sized openings which may be chosen to control the light.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 869, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter having a plural apertured diaphragm.

Including coupled shutter and diaphragm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Subject matter having means to connect the shutter and diaphragm so that a means to adjust one will also adjust the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 871, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter having a coupled diaphragm.

Diaphragm blades open for focusing or viewing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Subject matter having means for moving blades of a diaphragm to allow the maximum amount of light to pass through for focusing or viewing or means to hold blades of a diaphragm fully open until the shutter release is actuated.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
509 for a diaphragm, per se, which opens for focusing or viewing.
FOR 872, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter and diaphragm which opens for focusing or viewing.

Having shutter between lens components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the shutter is placed between front and rear components of a lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 873, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter located between lens.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 642 for a lens, per se.

Dynamo-electric actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter having means to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy by means of an electromagnet to cause the shutter to actuate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for illumination means combined with a shutter actuated by a relay or solenoid.
508 for dynamo-electric actuator of diaphragm.
FOR 874+, for foreign art collections involving a dynamo-electric actuated shutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 160 for control circuits of relays or solenoids.

Having planar coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter wherein the windings of the electromagnet lie in a single plane.

Latching relay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter wherein the armature of the electromagnet engages a drive element of the light-intercepting member to hold the drive element in a fixed position.

Plural latching relays:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including more than one armatured electromagnet.

Plural linear solenoids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter having more than one dynamoelectric means which are constrained to move in a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 166 for a plural solenoid control circuit.

Single linear solenoid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter having only one dynamoelectric means which is constrained to move in a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 875, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter actuated by a single linear solenoid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 160 for a solenoid control circuit.

Plural dynamo-electric actuators:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter having more than one means to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy by means of an electromagnet to cause the shutter to actuate.

Having spring return:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Subject matter wherein the means to provide the motive force for restoring the light-intercepting member to an initial position is a resilient member.

Plural shutters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter having more than one means to interrupt the light.
(1) Note. The means to interrupt the light are not plural blades for a single opening but means to interrupt the light in more than one plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
449 for diaphragm shutter.
FOR 876, for a foreign art collection involving plural shutters.

Having mechanical delayed release means (e.g. self-timer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including means to mechanically defer for a time the initial actuation of the shutter.
(1) Note. An operator actuates the delay means and then may enter the picture before the shutter is actuated.

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59 for camera release by wireless remote control circuit.
191 for means to delay movement of a shutter with respect to actuation of an illumination source.
264 for self-timing release control circuit.
475 for mechanically delayed closing of shutter.
502 for mechanical shutter release or actuator means.
FOR 877+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter having delayed release means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 3.5 for a retarded latch trip.
267, Spring Devices, subclass 71 for a retarded compression spring and subclass 74 for a retarded tension spring.

Having gear train:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter wherein the means to delay the shutter release includes plural gearing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 879+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter having clock-train delayed release means.

Detachable from camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Subject matter having means to remove the delay means from the camera.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 880, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter having clock-train delayed release means which is detachable from camera.

Having mechanically delayed closing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter having means to mechanically hold the shutter fully open for a certain period of time.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
472 for mechanically delayed release.
FOR 896+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter having pivoting or rotating blade with retard means.
FOR 907, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter release and timing means.

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73, Measuring and Testing, 1.42 for timing apparatus for a camera shutter.

Including pneumatic means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter wherein the means to hold the shutter open is a member utilizing gaseous pressure differentials.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 897, for a foreign art collection involving a pivoting or rotating blade shutter having pneumatic retard means.

Including gear means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter wherein the means to hold the shutter open is provided by a member with one or more protuberances or grooves which interengage and cooperate with mating protuberances on, or grooves in, another member to form therewith a positive force means.

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FOR 899, for a foreign art collection involving a pivoting or rotating blade shutter having a gear retard means.

Including cam means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter wherein the means to hold the shutter open is provided with a surface of fixed points of varying distance from a fixed point which surface is in contact with a follower to vary the time the shutter remains open.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 900, for a foreign art collection involving a pivoting or rotating blade shutter having a cam retard means.

Curtain type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the light interrupter means is a resilient or flexible sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
194 for curtain shutter and illumination means.
FOR 881+, for foreign art collections involving a curtain or flexible plate-type shutter.

Plural curtains:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Subject matter having more than one resilient or flexible sheet to form an opening which passes across the light sensitive material to produce an exposure.

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FOR 882+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter having plural curtains or plates.

Curtain width opening adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter including means to adjust or control an extent of the opening to produce the exposure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 883, for a foreign art collection involving a curtain shutter having variable curtain width opening.

Three or more rollers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481. Subject matter including three or more supply and takeup spools for storing the curtains or flexible plates.

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FOR 884, for a foreign art collection involving a curtain shutter having variable curtain width opening and three or more rollers.

Sliding plate type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the light interrupter means is a stiff sheet which travels in a linear path.

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FOR 885+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter formed by a sliding rigid plate.

Plural plates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter having more than one stiff sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 886+, for foreign art collections involving a shutter formed by plural sliding rigid plates.

Having apertured plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including light passing openings in the stiff sheets.

Having base plate detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including specific structure of the mounting member which supports the shutter components.

Having plate support detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including specific structure of an elongated linkage means determining the path of travel of the stiff sheets.

Having plate detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including specific structure of the stiff sheets.

Having drive detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter including specific structure of the means to provide motive force to the stiff sheets.

Move in opposite directions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter wherein one of the stiff sheets slides in a reverse direction with respect to the other sheet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
FOR 887, for a foreign art collection involving a shutter formed by plural sliding rigid plates which move in opposite directions.

Rectilinear reciprocation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter wherein a rigid plate is moved in alternate directions in a straight line.

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FOR 888+, for foreign art collections involving a sliding rigid plate shutter having rectilinear reciprocation.