U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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(definitions have been obtained from the
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Electronic Products Branch)
Class 385
OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. Subject matter appropriate to this class falls into one of
the following categories: (1) An optical waveguiding element,
per se, or a grouping thereof which conveys light from one
point to another through an optically transparent elongated
structure by modal transmission, total internal reflection,
or total reflectorization. (2) A combination of an optical
waveguiding element with an additional broadly recited
optical element which couples light thereto or therefrom or a
combination including a broadly recited optical element which
couples light between plural optical waveguiding elements.
(3) A combination of an optical waveguiding element with
structure which mechanically joins this waveguiding element
with another or with a diverse optical element. (4) An
optical modulator where the modulation of a light wave
characteristic is performed exclusively within an optical
waveguiding element. (5) Other miscellaneous devices formed
of an optical waveguide (e.g., a waveguide sensing device)
and supplemental devices which are limited to use with an
optical waveguide (e.g., an external clamp or retainer) not
otherwise classifiable.
B. Nominally claimed structure, external to this class in
combination with apparatus under the class definition, is
classified in this class unless provided for in the
appropriate external class.
C. Significantly claimed structure, external to this class
claimed in combination with structure under the class
definition, is classified in the class appropriate to the
external device unless specifically excluded therefrom.
(1) Note. A detailed optical amplifier/frequency converter,
per se, or such subject matter in combination with additional
wave guide structure is classified elsewhere. The nominal
recitation of any type of optical amplifier/ converter
together with additional waveguide structure is classified in
this class (385) wherein such combination meets the class
requirements.
(2) Note. Optical modulation that occurs within the area of
total internal reflection of an optical waveguide belongs in
this class, whereas modulation occurring outside the optical
waveguide is classified elsewhere.
(3) Note. If significant details beyond the nominal
recitation of a detector or light source are claimed,
classification is elsewhere.
(4) Note. A device having an optical wave going through a
bulk material, such as a semiconductor, glass, etc., does not
belong in this class since the wave is not totally confined
within the boundaries of the bulk material. If, however, the
wave is totally confined within an area but specified
leakage, as designed, is built into the area for some desired
results, this would then belong in this class.
(5) Note. The optical fibers and waveguides classified in
this class are final products, suitable for immediate optical
transmission. Excluded from this class are articles of
intermediate shape (e.g., blanks, preforms) from which
optical fibers and waveguides are made (as by drawing or
extruding). For the classification of such intermediate
articles, see References to Other Classes, below.
(6) Note. Fiber optics refers to optical devices for
conveying light or images through a particular configuration
of glass or plastic fibers. Incoherent fiber optic bundles
will transmit light but not an image. Coherent fiber optic
bundles can transmit an image through small, clad optical
fibers where the fiber ends have similar positions at
opposite bundle ends.
(7) Note. An optical fiber waveguide is basically a light
guidance system that is cylindrical in shape. The fiber
relies upon modal transmission to transmit light along its
axial length. Light enters one end of the fiber and emerges
from the opposite end with only minimal loss.
(8) Note. The thin-film waveguide is a thin dielectric
guide film of high refractive index formed adjacent to a
substrate or support region of lower refractive index. The
thin-film relies upon modal transmission to transmit light
along its length. Light enters one end of the thin-film
where it is processed (e.g., modulated or switched) and
emerges from the opposite end.
(9) Note. Combinations including an optical waveguide and a
device of the Class 257 type are classified here provided the
combination does not meet the requirements of a still larger
system class.
(10) Note. A tee coupler is an optical component used to
interconnect a number of terminals through optical waveguides
by using partial reflections at dielectric interfaces or
metallic surfaces, or by splitting the optical waveguide
bundle.
(11) Note. Modal Transmission is a form of guide-wave
propagation characterized by a particular field pattern.
(12) Note. A laser in an integrated optical circuit is
classified herein (385).
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses
for chemical treatment of fibers.
29, Metal Working, 700 for various metal working jigs, and
subclasses 854-873 for assembling electrical terminals to
conductors or circuits (e.g., using ferrules, splicing,
etc.).
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 1 for optical readout
therefrom and subclasses 227+ for straightline light ray type
instruments.
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 427 for illuminated
special effects display, subclasses 451 and 452 for
illuminated changing exhibitor, and subclasses 546 and 547
for illuminated signs (e.g., by fiber optics).
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, 3 for cable
forming by twisting.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 385 for processes of forming
optical fibers, waveguides, and preforms, particularly
subclass 386 for processes of forming planar waveguides;
subclasses 388, 389, 390, and 397+ for forming optical fibers
or waveguides having specified composition; subclasses 393,
402, and 403 for forming optical fibers or waveguides having
particular cross section or configuration; subclasses 406+
for processes of forming combined with joining optical fibers
or waveguides; subclasses 413+ and 430+ for processes of
forming combined with coating optical fibers or waveguides;
and subclasses 489+ for apparatus for forming optical fibers
or waveguides.
70, Locks, digest 51 for light sensitive lock control.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 293 for liquid
level/depth gauge with illumination, subclasses 488+ for
speed/ acceleration testing that may use optical waveguides,
subclass 653 for optical indication of vibration, subclass
705 for an optical fluid pressure gauge, subclass 800 for
optical stress or strain testing, and subclass 861.08 for
optical measurement of volume or rate of flow.
83, Cutting, subclass 913 for filament-to-staple-fiber
cutting.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 201 for optical
explosive ignition.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 202 for visual light
signal indicators.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 569 for solar heat collectors
which may utilize optical waveguides.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses for
cable containing ducts.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 158 for methods of joining fibers (bonding)
end-to-end.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 68.1 for
electrical cables, per se, and particularly subclass 70 for
combined optical/electrical cables or a submarine repeater
housing.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 310 for
illuminated switch indicators and digest 47 for light guide
switch indicators.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.29
for forming a transparent optical conductor by sputtering.
211, Supports: Racks, 13 for special article supports.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, especially 24 for
methods of making an optical device by chemical etching
combined with an additional manufacturing step.
219, Electric Heating, 121.36 for methods and apparatus for
fusing (splicing) optical fibers.
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, 94 for apparatus which
scribes then breaks optical fibers.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate
subclasses for advancing fibers through a tube (i.e.,
cable).
235, Registers, subclass 473 for optical fiber coded record
sensors.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 3.12 and 3.16+ for missiles
guided by optical fibers.
250, Radiant Energy, 227.11 for optical or pre-photocell
systems having a light conductor and subclass 577 for a fluid
level optical system.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 13, 79 through 103 and 918 for
incoherent light emitting injection luminescent devices,
subclasses 80 through 85 for semiconductor light emitting
sources combined with semiconductor light responsive devices,
subclasses 10, 11, 21, 53 through 56, 72, 113 through 118,
184 through 189, 225 through 234, 257, 258, 290 through 294,
414, and 431 through 466 for light responsive active
semiconductor devices, and subclasses 446 and 499+ for
integrated circuit devices with electrically isolated
components, in general, and other appropriate subclasses for
specific type devices in integrated circuits.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 1.24 for shaping, treating, or extruding optical
fibers, waveguides, or preforms.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 260 for coupling
where both members are pliable and nonmetallic.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 372 for a
cathode-ray tube with light conducting fiber or rod.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 96 for electrical
testing using radiant energy.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 24 for coupling
networks; subclasses 141+, 150+ and 157+ for delay lines; and
subclasses 209+ for waveguide tunable filters.
340, Communications: Electrical, 555 for intrusion
detection by light beam; subclass 815.42 for a visual
indicator with light piping; and subclasses 853.1+ for
wellbore telemetry which may include optical waveguides.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 137 for
A-to-D or D-to-A conversion using fiber optics.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for
light pen input visual display systems.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for well logging which may use
optical waveguides.
348, Television, 13 for two-way communication which may
include a videophone, subclass 197 for mechanical-optical
scanning with fiber optics, subclass 359 for camera with
fiber optics, and subclass 804 for video display with fiber
optics.
355, Photocopying, subclass 1 for photocopying with fiber
optics.
356, Optic: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73.1 for optical
fiber or waveguide inspection, subclass 241.1+ for inspection
borescopes in general subclass 459 for ring laser gyros
including optical waveguides, and subclass 454 for
Fabry-Perot cavities.
358, Facsimile, subclass 484 for scanning with fiber optics
or optical waveguides and subclass 901.1 for fiber optic
cross-reference art collection.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for optical systems such as
communications systems which may utilize an optical
waveguide, and for a detailed optical amplifier/frequency
converter, per se, or such subject matter in combination with
additional wave guide structure. Modulation occurring outside
the optical waveguide is classified in Class 359.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 748 for
housings with electrical connection of PC boards.
362, Illumination, 551 for illumination systems which
utilize an optical fiber.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 112
for photoconductive static information storage or retrieval.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, subclass 25 for well logging using fiber optics and
subclasses 140+ for acoustic transducers in general.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 18
for optical reading of a mechanical record.
372, Coherent Light Generators, subclass 6 for optical fiber
lasers; also see the Class Definition, References to Other
Classes.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 131 for thermal
measurement using optical fibers.
379, Telephonic Communications, 56.1 for light wave link for
speech or paging signal.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 64 for optical detector of
toner in a developing unit, subclass 118 for optics with
particular modular or displaceable structure, subclass 137
for optical intermediate storage of original image formation,
subclasses 196+ for variable magnification, subclass 218 for
exposure lens, and subclass 219 for exposure of an image
formation having fiber optics.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 802 (Cross-Reference Art Collection) for
cable tube or rod splicing.
427, Coating Processes, 163.1 for processes of coating
optical fibers, filaments, rods, or waveguides.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 364 for
miscellaneous filaments or fibers; subclass 542.8 for
articles of intermediate shape (e.g., blanks, preforms) from
which optical fibers and waveguides are made (as by drawing
or extruding).
433, Dentistry, subclass 29 for dental handpieces provided
with optical transmission cables for illuminating the work.
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for
connectors of electrical conductors.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 219 for toys having
optical fibers.
451, Abrading, 41 for a process of grinding glass.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 37 for the ceramic
composition of an optical fiber.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, appropriate subclasses.
600, Surgery, 101, for surgical specula including endoscopes,
subclasses 184+, 248+, and 249 for other surgical diagnostic
implements.
601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, 15 for optical kinesitherapy.
GLOSSARY:
CONNECTING
The physical or mechanical joining of optical waveguiding
structures to provide a stable region of light transfer
therebetween. The waveguiding structures which are joined
together are characterized by terminal ends which are
mechanically prepared. This includes ferrule type housings
for demountable as well as permanent connections, mechanical
sleeves which partially or wholly surround and secure the
ends of the structures or the light transfer regions, and
"assistance-type" structures which serve to align and guide
the ends of waveguiding structures into an effective light
transfer relationship. The waveguiding structures which can
be connected (as defined herein) include optical fibers,
optical fiber bundles, nonfiber-like optical waveguides, and
electro-optical transmitting or receiving devices (e.g.,
semiconductor laser diodes).
COUPLING
The interchange of light radiation among or between
waveguiding structures, wherein the mechanical
interconnection between the structures is of little or no
importance. The radiation interchange may be accomplished
through any of a number of physical phenomena, including the
evanescent wave coupling phenomenon, various modal coupling
phenomena, refraction, reflection, as well as through induced
changes in structure parameters which govern light
transmission (for example, electro-optically or
electromagnetically induced refractive index changes in an
"interaction" or coupling region). However, devices for
input/output of a light wave to/from an optical confinement
area, or devices for manipulating an optical wave within or
adjacent to an optical confinement area, which employ
holography, are classified in the holography area of the
Class 359 schedule.
INPUT-OUTPUT COUPLING
The introduction of electromagnetic light radiation into an
optical waveguiding structure from a source which is external
to the structure, or the extraction of electromagnetic light
radiation from an optical waveguiding structure to a
detecting device at its exterior. This term ("input-output
coupling") is specifically defined to include only the
coupling of light from a source (e.g., a laser) into an
optical waveguide or the coupling of light from an optical
waveguide to a detector (e.g., a photodiode), and thus
excludes the coupling of light between optical waveguides.
LIGHT TRANSMITTING ROD
Any optically transparent elongated structure used to
transmit light from one end to the other end by other than
modal transmission (e.g., in a random fashion).
OPTICAL FIBER
A light transmitting (optical) waveguide formed in a
generally cylindrical form, often of extremely small diameter
and of great length, which confines the transmitted radiation
therewithin by means of the principle of total internal
reflection. Optical fibers are usually comprised of a
central light transmitting core of relatively high refractive
index, surrounded by a concentric cladding of relatively low
refractive index.
OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE
An optical waveguide is a waveguide which guides radiation in
the visible and near-visible portions of the spectrum by
means of total internal reflection.
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
A principle based upon Snell's Law, which defines the
relationship between incident and refracted light rays at a
boundary between two media of different refractive indices:
n[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] sin Q[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] =
n[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] sin Q[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]
where n[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] = refractive index of first
medium; n[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] = refractive index of
second medium; Q[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt] = angle of incident
ray at boundary; Q[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] = angle of
refracted ray at boundary; For Q[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] =
90 degrees, the critical angle of incidence is given by
Q[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt][supscrpt] [end supscrpt]=
sin-[supscrpt]1 [end supscrpt](n[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]/n[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt]). At angles of incidence
greater than Q[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt], the light is
reflected from the boundary.
TOTALLY REFLECTORIZED
The state of an optical element having all of its inward
facing lateral surfaces made reflectors, as for example by
the coating thereof with a reflective metal.
WAVEGUIDE
A waveguide is defined as any structure capable of guiding
electromagnetic radiation in a direction parallel to its
axis, while substantially confining the radiation to a region
within and adjacent to its surfaces.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
TEMPORAL OPTICAL MODULATION WITHIN AN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a device varies a property of light as
a function of time only as it traverses the waveguide where
such variation is in accordance with a varying signal which
can be of any energy form.
(1) Note. Such properties of the traversing light include
amplitude, frequency, phase, or polarization.
(2) Note. The variation can be imparted through
elasto-optic, magneto-optic, acousto-optic, etc.,
interactions with the waveguide.
(3) Note. Elasto-optic modulation involves varying a
property of a light wave propagating in an optical waveguide
by a mechanical stressing applied thereto.
(4) Note. Magneto-optic modulation involves varying a
property of a light wave propagating in an optical waveguide
by a magnetic field applied thereto.
(5) Note. Acousto-optic modulation involves varying a
property of a light wave propagating in an optical waveguide
by a modulating sonic (acoustic) wave applied thereto.
(6) Note. The modulation must take place exclusively within
the waveguide. Optical modulation occurring outside of a
waveguide is classified in Class 359.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for directional modulation within fiber optics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
238 for light wave temporal modulation outside of a
waveguide.
Subclass:
2
Electro-optic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the optical properties of an optical waveguiding
element which determine the temporal modula-tion are varied
by an applied modulating electrical field.
(1) Note. Includes electro-optic modulation within an
optical waveguide using a particular optical coupling (for
example, between juxtaposed (adjacent) waveguides). Also,
included is electro-optic modulation performed by a
combination of components integrated on a common substrate or
chip.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for directional electro-optic modulation within an optical
waveguide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
245 for electro-optic temporal modulation outside of an
optical waveguide.
Subclass:
3
Phase modulation type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein the normal zero phase of a constant amplitude optical
wave (i.e., carrier wave) is shifted by an angle proportional
to the amplitude of an impressed signal (i.e., modulating
signal).
(1) Note. A sinusoidal signal of zero phase will have a
zero amplitude at the intersection of the x-y axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
238 for temporal phase modulation outside of a waveguide.
Subclass:
4
DIRECTIONAL OPTICAL MODULATION WITHIN AN OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the path of a light wave exiting a
waveguide is varied in accordance with a varying signal
applied to the waveguide which can be of any energy form.
(1) Note. The directional modulation must take place
exclusively within the waveguide. Optical directional
modulation occurring outside of a waveguide is classified in
Class 359.
(2) Note. This includes elasto-optic directional
modulation, wherein deflection of a light wave output from an
optical waveguide is varied in synchronization with the
amplitude of an impressed mechanical stressing thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for light wave temporal modulation within an optical
waveguide wherein the light beam is modulated relative to
time in accordance with the modulating input signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communi-cation) and
Elements, 298 for optical directional modulation out-side of
an optical waveguide.
Subclass:
5
Light intensity dependent (e.g., nonlinear ef-fects):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein the directional modulation is a function of the
amplitude of the incident light wave itself.
(1) Note. Includes thermo-optic directional modulation,
wherein deflection of a light wave output from an optical
waveguide is varied in response to the intensity of applied
thermal radiation.
Subclass:
6
Magneto-optic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein properties of an optical waveguiding element which
determine the directional modulation are con-trolled by a
modulating magnetic field applied to the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
298 for magneto-optic directional modulation outside of a
waveguide.
Subclass:
7
Acousto-optic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein proper-ties of an optical waveguiding element which
determine the directional modulation are con-trolled by a
modulating sonic wave applied to the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, appropriate subclasses for acoustic devices,
in general.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
305 for acousto-optic directional modulation outside of a
waveguide.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, 140 for acoustic transducers.
Subclass:
8
Electro-optic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein the optical properties of an optical waveguiding
element which determine the directional modution are changed
by a modulating electrical field applied to the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
315 for electro-optical directional modulation outside of a
waveguide.
Subclass:
9
Coupling between waveguides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter
wherein coupling between juxtaposed optical transmission
elements achieves electro-optic directional modulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for optical waveguide coupling, per se.
Subclass:
10
Diffraction grating (e.g., Bragg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter
wherein electro-optic directional modulation within a
waveguide utilizes an element having a series of very close,
equidistant, parallel lines, (i.e., grating) or wherein the
waveguide has a grating impressed upon it by an externally
applied field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
566 for a diffraction grating, per se.
Subclass:
11
POLARIZATION WITHOUT MODULATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the polarization of an incoming light
wave is modified as a result of passing through an optical
waveguiding element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for time dependent polarization modulation of light within
a waveguide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
483 for light polarization without modulation outside of a
waveguide.
Subclass:
12
OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE SENSOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter where-in an optical waveguide, per se, is
responsive to an environmental change.
(1) Note. This is a residual subclass for generic optical
waveguide sensing elements which are not elsewhere
classifiable. See the SEARCH CLASS notes below.
(2) Note. Combinations of an optical waveguide with an
external sensing element or sensing elements, per se, that
are not optical waveguides, are classified else-where.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for optical fiber/nonfiber device connectors which are
sealed to exclude the effects of environmental conditions.
128 for coated optical fiber waveguides which may also act
as a sensor under certain conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 293 for optical liquid
level sensing; subclasses 488+ for optical speed or
acceleration testing; subclass 577 for optical depth sensing;
subclass 653 for optical vibration sensing; subclass 705 for
optical fluid pressure sensing; subclass 800 for optical
stress or strain sensors; and subclass 861.08 for optical
sensing of volume and rate of flow.
235, Registers, subclass 473 for optical fiber coded record
sensors.
250, Radiant Energy, 227.11 for optical sensing systems
employing light conductors and photocells.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 96 for
electrical testing using optical means and subclasses 244.1
for a magnetometer that uses optical means.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 555 for light
beam intrusion detection and subclasses 853.1+ for wellbore
testing.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for wellbore recording.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73.1 for
optical measuring and testing for optical fiber/waveguide
inspection.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, subclass 25 for wellbore telemetering and
subclasses 140+ for acoustic transducers.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 131 for thermal
sensing using optical fibers.
Subclass:
13
Including physical deformation or movement of waveguide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
wherein the environmental change to be detected produces an
alteration in the shape or position of the waveguide.
(1) Note. Physical deformations include, for example,
cutting or breaking of the waveguide, compressing or
elongating the waveguide (or of the surrounding
coating/substrate), or microbending the waveguide.
Subclass:
14
INTEGRATED OPTICAL CIRCUIT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a combination of transparent,
elongated structures or components are formed on a common
substrate or chip of monolithic or hybrid construction.
(1) Note. Components in addition to the optical waveguide
might include active optical elements (e.g., LED) or passive
elements (e.g., lens).
(2) Note. An integrated optical circuit including a
combination of an optical waveguide and a device of the Class
357 type is classified here provided the combination does not
meet the requirement of a still larger system class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for a planar optical waveguide structure which can be
(but is not necessarily) the starting point for many
integrated optical circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 13, 79-103 and 918 for
incoherent light emitting injection luminescent devices,
subclasses 80-85 for semiconductor light emitting sources
combined with semiconductor light responsive devices,
subclasses 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 72, 113-118, 184-189, 225-234,
257, 258, 290-294, 414, and 431-466 for light responsive
active semiconductor devices, and subclasses 446 and 499+ for
integrated circuit devices with electrically isolated
components, in general, and other appropriate subclasses for
specific type devices in integrated circuits.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 350 for
optical ring laser gyros which are often integrated.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
748-796 + for connection of electrical integrated circuits
(not optical).
372, Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for
details to a laser.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 24 for
methods of making a semiconductor integrated circuit having
both light emissive and light responsive devices.
Subclass:
15
WITH OPTICAL COUPLER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an optical waveguide is combined with
an interface element which enables efficient transfer of
light between the waveguide and a point external to the
interface element.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this schedule, coupling is not
the same as connecting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for mechanical connecting means which are disconnectable
without destroying the optical element (e.g., ferrule type
connections).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.11 for coupling of optical
conductor (waveguide) system to photocell.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 24 for
coupling networks for wave (e.g., microwave, millimeter wave,
quasi-optical wave) transmission lines; subclasses 141, 150
and 157 for delay lines of wave transmission networks; and
subclass 209 for waveguide tunable filters for wave
transmission networks.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 352 for
optical Fabry-Perot cavities.
Subclass:
16
Switch (i.e., switching from one terminal to another, not
modulation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the output of an optical waveguide is selectively
coupled to the input of a different optical waveguide.
(1) Note. These couplings are not necessarily physically
connected.
(2) Note. This subclass is for switching without any
specifically mentioned computation or modulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 and 42, for directional couplers which could be employed
as switches and subclasses 4+ for directional optical
modulation in waveguides (e.g., for scanning).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses for electrical switches.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 310 for
piezoelectric elements and devices.
348, Television, subclass 197 for optical scanning with
fiber optics.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
115 for an optical multiplex communication system which may
include an optical waveguide and switch; subclasses 107+ for
switching utilized in optical compu-tation; and subclass 618
for light divid-ing and combining arrangements utiliz-ing
single channel to/from plural chan-nels.
Subclass:
17
Matrix switch (i.e., M X N, where M and N are 3 or more):
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of switches can selectively couple light
on any of M input waveguides to any of N output waveguides
where the M input waveguides and the N output waveguides form
a rectilinear array.
Subclass:
18
Reflective-type switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein selective coupling of light between waveguides is
achieved by mirror or mirrorlike elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communi-cation) and
Elements, 838 for mirrors, in general.
Subclass:
19
Stationary waveguides with movable opaque element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein an optically nontransmissive device moving into or
out of the optical path between stationary waveguides
provides the switching effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for optical fiber connectors having an optical element
between facing optical fiber end faces.
140 for optical waveguide attenuators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
227 for light control by moving an opaque element or medium
in or through a light path.
Subclass:
20
Multiple pole multiple throw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein the optical switch operates to selectively couple
light between a plurality of input waveguides and any one of
their respective plurality of output waveguides.
(1) Note. Switching of all input waveguides takes place
simultaneously.
(2) Note. The number of output waveguides associated with
each input waveguide is the same.
Subclass:
21
Double pole multiple throw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter
wherein the optical switch operates to selectively couple
light between a pair of input waveguides and any one of their
respective plurality of output waveguides.
(1) Note. Switching of both input waveguides takes place
simultaneously.
(2) Note. The number of output waveguides associated with
each input waveguide is the same.
Subclass:
22
Single pole multiple throw (relay switch):
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein the optical switch operates to selectively couple
light from a single input waveguide to any one of a plurality
of output waveguides.
Subclass:
23
Single pole single throw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein the optical switch operates to selectively couple
light from a single input waveguide to a single output
waveguide.
Subclass:
24
Plural (e.g., data bus):
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein an optical waveguide is used as a common trunk line
to which a number of terminals can be interconnected through
optical couplers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 Star coupler, for input only on one specified input
terminal which is distributed to many terminals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 137 for
analog to digital and digital to analog conversion utilizing
fiber optics.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for
light pens used as input devices for visual display systems
with selective electrical control.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communi-cation) and
Elements, subclass 118 for multiplexed optical local area
networks (LANS), subclass 127 for wavelength division or
frequency division multi-plexing by optical coupling;
subclass 173 for optical communication systems including a
transmitter, a receiver, and an optical waveguide; and
subclasses 107+ for optical computing.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 112
for optically performed static storage/retrieval of data.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 18
for optically performed dynamic storage/retrieval of data.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 53 and 56 for
optically performed telephonic communications.
Subclass:
25
Movable coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the coupler may be repositioned about a fixed optical
waveguide.
Subclass:
26
Slip ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
having a structure which permits coupling of light during
relative rotary motion of elements contained therein.
(1) Note. The most common slip-ring configuration is the
rotor/stator arrangement, with either or both rotating
continuously with respect to each other, and with optical
radiation continuously being coupled across the gap.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 554 for stabilization of images transmitted by
means of optical elements, and subclass 196 for derotation
prisms.
Subclass:
27
Particular coupling function:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the coupling achieves a specified operation on the
light entering or exiting the waveguide.
Subclass:
28
Coupling between modes in a waveguide or fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
wherein coupling is achieved between light modes in an
optical waveguide.
Subclass:
29
Mode strippers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein a particular mode or modes of light propagating in a
waveguide is extracted by a coupler.
Subclass:
30
Evanescent wave coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
wherein the desired coupling function is achieved by matching
the propagation constants of light travelling in coupled
waveguides (also resulting in overlapping evanescent
fields).
(1) Note. The structure of evanescent wave couplers often
includes the removal of most of the waveguide cladding
material in the actual coupling region.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, 41 for a process of abrading a glass
substrate (a typical technique for forming evanescent wave
couplers).
Subclass:
31
Input/output coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
including an element which permits efficient transfer of
light into or out of the waveguide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
124 for a communication system which may include an optical
waveguide and I/O coupler.
Subclass:
32
Coupling light through a waveguide bend or loop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
wherein light is coupled into or out of an optical waveguide
through a curved portion whose radius of curvature is smaller
than that required to confine light therein.
Subclass:
33
Lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
wherein the coupling element focuses light by refraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642 for lens elements, per se, and subclasses 362+ for
compound lens systems.
Subclass:
34
Rod type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter
wherein the coupling lens has the form of an elongated
cylinder.
Subclass:
35
Spherical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter
wherein the coupling lens has the form of a globe.
Subclass:
36
Prism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
wherein coupling is performed by a double refracting
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
831 for prism elements, per se.
Subclass:
37
Grating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
wherein coupling is performed by a diffraction grating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
566 for optical grating structure and subclass 34 for
holos:graphic diffraction elements in combination with
optical waveguides.
Subclass:
38
End fire:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
wherein the coupler comprises the optical medium immediately
adjacent one end of the waveguide.
Subclass:
39
Particular coupling structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein details of the structure of the coupler are recited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for a specified function achieved by a coupler.
Subclass:
40
Electrodes on or near the coupling region:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein electrically conductive terminals are adjacent to an
optical energy transfer zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for electro-optic temporal modulation within a waveguide.
8 for electro-optic directional modulation within a
waveguide.
Subclass:
41
Directional coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
wherein interconnected optical paths of a coupler are
externally activated to enable input on a first optical path
to be coupled only to a second optical path for optical beam
transmission, and a received optical beam on a third optical
path is coupled only to the first optical path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for directional couplers which do not require an external
electrical field stimulus for their operation.
Subclass:
42
Directional coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein interconnected optical paths of a coupler enable
input on a first optical path to be coupled only to a second
optical path for optical beam transmission and a received
optical beam on a third optical path is coupled only to the
first optical path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for directional couplers which require an external
electrical field stimulus for their operation.
Subclass:
43
Tapered coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein a physical dimension or optical characteristic of the
waveguide core or cladding increases or decreases
continuously with distance along the axis of the guide, and
wherein this increase or decrease in dimension is essential
to the coupling function.
(1) Note. Included here are the "biconically tapered, fused
optical fiber couplers" (both single mode and multimode).
Subclass:
44
"T" coupler or duplex coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein the coupler has two perpendicular waveguide legs
forming a tee which connects an input port to two output
ports or two input ports to a single output port.
Subclass:
45
"Y" coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein the coupler has three waveguide legs joined at the
center in a "Y" shape which connects an input port to two
output ports or two input ports to a single output port.
(1) Note. This differs from a "T" coupler only in the
geometrical configuration of the three legs.
Subclass:
46
Star coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein a passive coupler distributes light from one or more
input waveguides among a larger number of output waveguides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for an optical data bus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 120 and 121 for optically multiplexed local area
networks (LANS) utilizing active and passive Star couplers.
Subclass:
47
Multiport coupler using reflective surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein an optical beam is coupled to plural zones by mirror
type elements.
(1) Note. This includes a beam splitter containing a
reflective surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 618 for beam splitters and combiners in other
optical arrangements.
Subclass:
48
Access couplers, power tappers, or power dividers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein the coupler structure permits optical linking with a
waveguide without providing a load thereto.
Subclass:
49
Fiber to thin film devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein at least one optical fiber and at least one thin film
optical device are coupled to allow efficient light
propagation therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for connector structures involving at least one optical
fiber and at least one nonfiber optical device.
Subclass:
50
Waveguide to waveguide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
wherein two or more optical waveguides are coupled to allow
efficient light propagation therebetween.
(1) Note. The waveguides may be planar or fiber type.
Subclass:
51
Permanently fixed coupler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the optical waveguide and coupler are physically
joined together by a permanent connection (e.g., welding,
epoxy, or adhesive putty).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for permanently fixed connections be-tween optical fibers
and nonfiber de-vices.
95 for optical fiber waveguide splice ar-rangements.
Subclass:
52
With alignment device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
including a device which maintains the mutual spatial
orientation between coupled waveguides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for external retainers.
137 for optical fiber holders.
Subclass:
53
WITH DISENGAGEABLE MECHANICAL CONNECTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an optical fiber or optical fiber
bundle is combined with structure utilized in the reversible
mechanical joining of the fiber or bundle with another such
combination or with an individual fiber, bundle, or broadly
recited optical device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for a permanent-type connection (i.e., splice).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
748-796 + for electrical connection to printed circuit
boards.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 802 for cable tube or rod splicing.
439, Electrical Connectors, for electrical connector
structure in general.
Subclass:
54
Structure surrounding optical fiber bundle-to-bundle
connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
wherein the joining of a fiber bundle to another is secured
by a device enveloping the junction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for structure surrounding fiber-to-fiber connection.
115 for optical fiber bundles, per se.
Subclass:
55
Structure surrounding optical fiber-to-fiber connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
wherein the joining of an individual fiber to another is
secured by an element enveloping the junction.
(1) Note. This includes, for example, extensive sleeve
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for structure surrounding bundle-to-bundle connection.
123 for optical fiber waveguides, per se.
Subclass:
56
Multi-part (e.g., two pieces screwed together or bayonet
latched):
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
wherein the enveloping element consists of a plurality of
interengaging parts each associated with an individual
fiber.
Subclass:
57
Magnetically actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
wherein the multi-part connection is achieved by applying a
magnetic field.
Subclass:
58
With additional structure at or immediately surrounding each
optical fiber end face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
including details of structure at or near the terminal
surface of a fiber contained within the connector.
Subclass:
59
Plural fiber-to-fiber connections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
wherein pairs of corresponding multiple fibers are connected
in a specified manner.
Subclass:
60
Fiber end held in ferrule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
wherein one end of the fiber is contained in a strengthening
terminal element having an aperture comparable in size to the
fiber cross-sectional diameter.
Subclass:
61
Lens-shaped ferrule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the ferrule is transparent and has a refracting outer
surface.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes those ferrules having
a separate lens there-within.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642 for a lens element, per se.
Subclass:
62
Compressively fixed (e.g., chuck, collet, crimp, set screws,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is locked in place within the ferrule by
applying mechanical pressure.
Subclass:
63
Plate-type holding structure (e.g., jewel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the ferrule has a planar surface through which the
fiber passes.
(1) Note. "Jewels" are made of a very hard material and
have an accurately machined hole therein for accommodating
the optical fiber.
Subclass:
64
Plural rods or balls structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the ferrule includes multiple elongated or spherical
components.
Subclass:
65
Groove-type holding structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is supported within the ferrule by a
structure having a surface recess parallel to the long axis
of the fiber.
Subclass:
66
Tube-type holding structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is supported within the ferrule by a
cylindrical structure.
Subclass:
67
Eccentric arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein the tube is arranged so that its longitudinal axis is
parallel to, but spaced from, the longitudinal axis of the
ferrule; thereby, making it off-center with respect to the
ferrule.
Subclass:
68
Capillary tubes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein the tube holding the fiber has a bore which is just
slightly larger than the diameter of the fiber itself.
Subclass:
69
With additional structure rearward of fiber joint to secure
additional cable layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
which includes structure offset from the fiber joint in a
direction along the fiber axis where such structure prevents
undesired motion of layers concentric with and outside of the
fiber itself.
(1) Note. The additional cable layers may be secured by
means of adhesive, by crimping, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass includes the so-called "cable
joints".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 260 for pliable,
nonmetallic pipe couplings.
Subclass:
70
With additional structure at or immediately surrounding each
optical fiber end face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
detailing structure at or near the terminal surface of a
fiber contained within the connector.
(1) Note. This subclass differs from subclass 56 in that a
single mechanical structure surrounding the joint is
addressed, whereas subclass 56 requires separate mechanical
structure associated with each side of the joint and with the
separate structures being interengaged (e.g., screwed
together)
Subclass:
71
Plural fiber-to-fiber connections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the fiber structures joined each include multiple
fibers.
Subclass:
72
Fiber end held in ferrule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the terminal edge of a fiber is supported and
protected by an element which has an opening for the fiber.
Subclass:
73
With additional optical element between facing fiber ends:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
wherein there is a component performing an optical function
which is located between the fiber and its mating fiber.
(1) Note. The optical elements include filters, apertures,
index matching media, etc.
Subclass:
74
Lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
wherein the optical component focuses transiting light
waves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642 for a lens element, per se.
Subclass:
75
With additional nonoptical structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
including supplemental structure not having an optical
function.
(1) Note. This includes, for example, electrically
conducting elements which are mated simultaneously with the
optical elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for purely
electrical connectors.
Subclass:
76
Optical fiber/optical fiber cable termination structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
detailing structure situated at the end of one fiber or fiber
cable which is to form one half of the optical junction.
Subclass:
77
At or immediately surrounding an optical fiber end face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
detailing structure at or concentric with the terminal
surface of a fiber.
Subclass:
78
Fiber end held in ferrule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. wherein one
end of the fiber is contained in a strengthening terminal
element having an aperture comparable in size to the fiber
cross-sectional diameter.
Subclass:
79
Lens-shaped ferrule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the ferrule is shaped in such a fashion that it
focuses light at a predetermined point.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes those ferrules having
a separate lens there-within.
Subclass:
80
Adhesively fixed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is secured to the ferrule with glue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
81
Compressively fixed (chuck, collet, crimp, set screw, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is secured to the ferrule by a structure
providing mechanical pressure.
Subclass:
82
Plural rods or balls structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the ferrule includes multiple elongated or spherical
components.
Subclass:
83
Groove-type holding structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is supported in a structure which has a
recessed slot parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
fiber.
Subclass:
84
Tube-type holding structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is supported within the ferrule by a
cylindrical structure.
(1) Note. Included here are terminating ferrules with
capillary tube structure and eccentrically arranged tube
structure.
Subclass:
85
Fiber/ferrule further processed (grinding, polishing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
including treatment of the fiber/ ferrule assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for
glassworking.
83, Cutting, subclass 913 for cutting optical fibers or
filaments.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
625 for etching processes.
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclass 94 for
apparatus for scribing then breaking optical fibers.
451, Abrading, 41 for a process of abrading optical fibers.
Subclass:
86
Structure rearward of optical fiber end face to secure
additional fiber or cable layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
which includes structure offset from the fiber end in a
direction along the fiber axis where such structure prevents
undesired motion of layers concentric with and outside of the
fiber itself.
Subclass:
87
Having at least one layer compressively fixed (e.g., crimp,
tightening screws, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein a layer is secured by a structure which exerts a
mechanical pressure thereupon.
Subclass:
88
Optical fiber to a nonfiber optical device connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
wherein a device for mechanically joining a fiber to an
additional optical device is recited.
(1) Note. Typical nonfiber optical devices could include
semiconductor lasers, LED's, photodiodes, etc. However,
where significant detail to the nonfiber device is recited,
classification is elsewhere. See SEARCH CLASS notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.11 for optical fiber waveguides in
a prephoto-cell system.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 13, 79-103 and 918 for
incoherent light emitting injection luminescent devices,
subclasses 80-85 for semiconductor light emitting sources
combined with semiconductor light responsive devices,
subclasses 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 72, 113-118, 184-189, 225-234,
257, 258, 290-294, 414, and 431-466 for light responsive
active semiconductor devices, and subclasses 446 and 499+ for
integrated circuit devices with electrically isolated
components, in general, and other appropriate subclasses for
specific type devices in integrated circuits.
Subclass:
89
Plural fiber/device connections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
detailing connection between single fiber to plural de-vices,
plural fibers to a single device, or a plurality of paired
fiber/device connections.
Subclass:
90
Fiber adjustable relative to device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
including structure to reposition the fiber relative to the
device.
Subclass:
91
Fiber permanently fixed after adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter
wherein the fiber is locked in place relative to the second
device, for example, by adhesive means or by soldering, etc.
Subclass:
92
With housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. wherein the
connec-tion is enclosed in a protective structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 600 for
generic electrical housings.
Subclass:
93
Including lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein the housing incorporates a focusing device therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communi-cation) and
Elements, 642 for a lens element, per se.
Subclass:
94
Sealed from environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
wherein the housing provides a hermetic barrier between the
connection and ambient conditions.
Subclass:
95
WITH SPLICE (PERMANENT CONNEC-TION):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter where-in two fibers are joined together in
such a fashion that they may not be subsequently separated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for a disengageable mechanical optical connector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 4.1-4.3 for methods of
joining glass optical fibers.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 158 for methods of bonding fibers (of indefinite
length) end-to-end.
219, Electric Heating, 121.36 for methods and apparatus for
fusion splicing optical fibers.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 802 for cable tube or rod splicing.
Subclass:
96
Fusion splicing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
wherein the splice is formed by high temperature melting and
rejoining.
Subclass:
97
Alignment of fiber ends prior to splicing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
wherein a particular orientation between the fibers to be
spliced is specified.
Subclass:
98
End-to-end (butt) coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
wherein the two fibers are colinear and are joined
end-to-end.
Subclass:
99
Including splice joint reinforcement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
wherein structure is provided to strengthen the spliced
connection.
Subclass:
100
OPTICAL TRANSMISSION CABLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an optical fiber or fibers are
incorporated into an assembly that provides tensile strength
and external protection for the fibers.
(1) Note. If significant electrical structure is claimed,
classification is in Class 174.
(2) Note. This subclass includes optical fiber cables
having additional transmission means such as electrical
conductors within the cable where the optical fibers transmit
light.
(3) Note. Sometimes the optical fibers within the cable are
helically or reverse helical (S-Z) wound in order to provide
protection thereto.
(4) Note. A single optical conductor with a protective
coating not providing tensile strength is classified in
subclass 128. A single conductor with cladding not used for
protection is classified in subclasses 123+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for an optical fiber bundle which is not in an assembly
providing tensile strength and external protection thereto.
123 for an optical fiber waveguide with cladding, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclasses
3-19 for cable forming when twisting is involved.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses for
cable containing ducts.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 68.1 for
electrical cable structure in general.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
1-8 for advancing fibers through tubes (i.e., so as to form
cables).
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, especially subclass 920
for winding a glass strand.
Subclass:
101
With electrical conductor in the same cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein the optical cable additionally contains an electrical
conductor therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 70
for a combined electrical/optical cable having significant
electrical cable detail.
Subclass:
102
Tightly confined (i.e., fiber tightly held inside the outer
sheath):
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein adjacent optical fiber or fibers have their
collective movement restricted by a surrounding sheath and
strength element of the cable.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are those tightly
confined cables having a strength element (e.g., a steel
wire) external to the primary cable structure.
Subclass:
103
Having a central strength member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the tightly confined cable includes at its center an
element which prevents excessive cable bending.
(1) Note. The strength member can be made of metal,
plastic, yarn, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for loose tube type cable with strength member.
Subclass:
104
Particular fiber orientation (e.g., helically wound, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the fibers within a cable have a specified spatial
interrelationship (for example, helically wound, S-Z
stranded, etc.).
Subclass:
105
Compartmentalized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the optical fibers within a cable are grouped and
each group is kept distinct by a separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for compartmentalized loose tube type cable.
Subclass:
106
Plural unit type(plural complete cables within a single
outside sheath):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein multiple complete cables are confined within a single
outside sheath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for plural unit loose tube type cables.
Subclass:
107
With armoring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the optical fibers of the cable are encased in a
concentric metallic sleeve or in a sleeve made of a plurality
of armor wires.
Subclass:
108
Prestressed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
wherein the armoring is mechanically stressed prior to
application to the cable.
(1) Note. The stress can be compression or tension.
Subclass:
109
Loose tube type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein the individual fibers within a transmission cable are
loosely confined within an outer elongated sheathing
structure.
(1) Note. The fibers can move when stress is applied to the
cable or when the cable is flexed.
Subclass:
110
Compartmentalized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein the optical fibers within a cable are grouped and
each group is kept distinct by a separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for compartmentalized tightly confined cable.
Subclass:
111
Particular fiber orientation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein the fibers are placed within the tube in a particular
spatial interrelationship (e.g., helically wound, s-z
stranded, etc.).
Subclass:
112
Plural unit type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein multiple optical loose tube cables are placed
together into one large cable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for plural unit tightly confined cables.
Subclass:
113
With strength member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter
wherein the optical cable includes an element preventing
excessive bending thereof.
(1) Note. The strength element can be made of metal,
plastic, yarn, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for tightly confined cable with central strength
member.
Subclass:
114
Ribbon cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter
wherein a cable is formed of plural parallel optical fibers
lying in a single plane.
(1) Note. The ribbon cable may or may not include strength
member elements.
Subclass:
115
OPTICAL FIBER BUNDLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an assemblage of individual optical
fibers are placed adjacent one another to guide light
collectively.
(1) Note. Nonimaging optical fiber bundles are used
primarily for illumination, ornamentation, and display.
Optical fiber bundles are rarely used in data transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for an optical transmission cable which provides
protection to the fibers therein.
123 for an optical fiber waveguide with cladding, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 546-547
for illuminated signs using optical fiber bundles.
340, Communications: Electrical, 815.42 for visual
indicators utilizing light piping (i.e., optical fiber
bundles).
362, Illumination, 551 for illumination utilizing optical
fibers.
Subclass:
116
Imaging (i.e., with coherent fiber structure and includes
shaping, enhancing, and correcting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein images can be transmitted through a fiber bundle by
having the individual fiber ends similarly arranged at
opposite bundle ends.
(1) Note. An imaging optical fiber bundle is also known as
a "coherent" bundle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Selective Visual Display Systems, 1 for visual display
systems with selective electrical control wherein the display
system may include fiber optics.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 137 for optical
intermediate storage of original image formation, subclasses
196+ for variable magnification, subclass 218 for exposure
lens, and subclass 219 for exposure of an image formation
having fiber optics.
Subclass:
117
For fiber scope (endoscope):
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
wherein the imaging fiber bundle is used in an instrument to
transmit an image of a remote location to the viewing end of
the fiber bundle.
(1) Note. If the fiber scope is adapted for use in a
particular art area, classification is in the art area;
otherwise, classification is in this class (385).
(2) Note. Fiber scopes may contain both a coherent fiber
optic bundle (for imaging) and a noncoherent bundle (for
illumination).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 65 for video endoscopes.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 241.1 for inspection
borescopes.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 367 for a compound lens right angle inspector.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 1
for light applying instruments.
Subclass:
118
With manipulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter
wherein the fiber scope is combined with structure for
manipulation thereof (i.e., sideways, rotational or
longitudinal movement).
(1) Note. Such manipulation can be automatically controlled
(e.g., wall-climbing) or can be remotely operated (e.g.,
control wires).
Subclass:
119
With lens or mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
wherein the imaging bundle is combined with an element having
two refracting edges or is combined with a reflective
device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642 for lenses, per se, and subclasses 838+ for mirrors, per
se.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 137 for optical
intermediate storage of original image formation, subclasses
196+ for variable magnification, subclass 218 for exposure
lens, and subclass 219 for exposure of an image formation
having fiber optics.
Subclass:
120
Fiber bundle plate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the plural fibers are terminated in a single planar
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 372 for
CRT's having optical fiber array structures.
348, Television, subclass 359 and 804 for television systems
employing fiber optic arrays.
355, Photocopying, subclass 1 for a photocopier with optical
fiber arrays.
399, Electrophotography, subclass 137 for optical
intermediate storage of original image formation and subclass
219 for exposure of an image formation having fiber optics.
Subclass:
121
Transition between geometric shapes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the fibers in the bundle are geometrically
distributed to match the shape of an additional waveguiding
structure with which the bundle is to interact.
Subclass:
122
HAVING NONLINEAR PROPERTY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an optical waveguide material having a
strong second (or higher) order response function to optical
radiation is recited.
(1) Note. The nonlinear property could include Rayleigh,
Brillouin, Raman scattering, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 582 for light transmission modifying
compositions.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 240 for light wave temporal modulation via a
nonlinear device outside of an optical waveguide, subclass
255 for electro-optic polarization modulation by a nonlinear
device, and subclasses 328+ for optical harmonic generators
which could use nonlinear optics.
Subclass:
123
OPTICAL FIBER WAVEGUIDE WITH CLADDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a low refractive index sheathing or
covering surrounds a higher index of refraction core of an
optical fiber, in order to confine light in the core by means
of total internal reflection.
(1) Note. The fiber waveguides of this subclass are of
generally cylindrical configuration.
(2) Note. Planar type optical waveguides are provided for
in subclass 129.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for an optical transmission cable which provides
protection to the fibers therein.
115 for an optical fiber bundle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 385 for processes of forming
optical fibers or waveguides, particularly subclasses 413+
for processes of depositing a clad by vapor deposition;
subclasses 420+ for processes of doping a clad; and subclass
405 for processes of simultaneously forming clad and core.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 1.24 for shaping, treating, or extruding optical
fibers, waveguides, or preforms.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 364 for fiber
stock material.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, appropriate subclasses for superconductors which
could be in optical fiber form.
Subclass:
124
With graded index core or cladding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the index of refraction of the core or cladding
material varies axially or radially.
Subclass:
125
Utilizing nonsolid core or cladding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the core or cladding material is a liquid or gas.
Subclass:
126
Utilizing multiple core or cladding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein a single waveguide includes plural cladding or core
layers.
Subclass:
127
Concentric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
wherein the various core and cladding layers are nested
cylinders.
Subclass:
128
Where the second or further layer is a coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein a coating having no optical property forms an
external protective layer around the core.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for coating or plastic compositions.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.29
for sputter coating onto an optical fiber waveguide.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for synthetic resins and organic compounds.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 162 and 163.1+ for
processes of coating optical fibers, filaments, rods, or
waveguides.
Subclass:
129
PLANAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the optically conductive material
includes a flat surface confining the optical beam therein.
(1) Note. Cylindrically configured optical waveguides are
provided for in subclass 123.
(2) Note. This may include planar waveguides having
imaging elements therein (e.g., Luneberg lens).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including organic
or inorganic, and including those suitable as or to produce
an optical waveguide.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.29
for sputter coating onto an optical fiber waveguide.
Subclass:
130
Thin film optical waveguide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
wherein the structure that is used to confine and guide the
light through modal transmission is a dielectric rib, planar,
or channel waveguide.
(1) Note. The thin-film is a thin layer of light
transmitting material, usually deposited by sputtering or
evaporation, that may be made in a pattern to form an optical
waveguide on, or adjacent to, a supporting substrate.
(2) Note. This subclass includes graded index thin-film
waveguides.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 332 for a dielectric optical waveguide used in
frequency converters.
Subclass:
131
Multilayer structure (mixture):
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the optical waveguide is formed from a plurality of
layers for the transmission of light therethrough.
(1) Note. This might include, for example, a semiconductor
npn layer structure forming an optical waveguide structure.
Subclass:
132
Channel waveguide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
wherein the waveguide consists of a channel or depression in
the deposited dielectric providing a light path
therethrough.
Subclass:
133
OPTICAL IMAGING TUNNEL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an optical device having internally
reflecting inner walls is capable of producing multiple
images of a point source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
894 for optical apertures, tubes, or transparent closures.
Subclass:
134
ACCESSORIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which are devices particularly adapted to be
used with optical fibers or other waveguide structures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 1 for optical readout
and subclasses 227-299 for straightline light ray type
instruments.
433, Dentistry, subclass 29 for optical dental tools.
Subclass:
135
Splice box and surplus fiber
storage/trays/organizers/carriers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
wherein a structure is provided in which one or more fibers
may be organized and placed in their required position for
proper coupling of optical energy between them.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, 13.1 for special article supports
(racks).
Subclass:
136
External retainer/clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
wherein an external device is used to provide support to an
optical fiber, cable, fiber bundle, or waveguide.
(1) Note. Included here are pulling eyes, etc.
Subclass:
137
Fiber holder (i.e., for single fiber or holding multiple
single fibers together):
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter
wherein the retainer is particularly adapted to hold a single
fiber or to hold plural single fibers together.
(1) Note. These are neither connectors or connector
terminals, but rather chuck type structures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for supports in
general.
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for work holders in
general.
279, Chucks or Sockets, appropriate subclasses for chucks in
general.
Subclass:
138
Bushing structure (e.g., penetrator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
wherein the accessory is an element insertable through a
structure and this accessary forms a lining in the opening
thereby protecting an optical fiber or cable passing
therethrough.
(1) Note. The opening is through a wall or bulkhead, for
example.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 70
for submarine cable repeater housings and subclasses 152+ for
an electrical cable bushing.
Subclass:
139
Plug/termination device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
wherein the accessory is an element protecting the end of an
optical fiber from the environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for connector terminal structure.
Subclass:
140
Attenuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Subject matter
involving a device which reduces the intensity of light
entering or exiting a waveguide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
599 for diffusion, subclasses 885+ for absorption filters,
and subclasses 227+ for moving discrete opaque elements into
or out of light paths.
Subclass:
141
HAVING PARTICULAR OPTICAL CHARACTERISTIC MODIFYING CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein chemical structure which changes a
particular light wave parameter is recited.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for plastic compositions.
252, Compositions, appropriate subclasses for compositions in
general.
260, Chemisty of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses for
synthetic resins and organic compounds.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for inorganic chemistry.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 37 for ceramic optical
fiber compositions.
Subclass:
142
Of waveguide core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the chemical details of the central light conveying
portion of the waveguide which has a relatively high
refractive index are recited.
Subclass:
143
Organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein the composition includes carbon.
Subclass:
144
Of waveguide cladding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the chemical details of the concentric coating which
has a relatively low refractive index and which immediately
surrounds the waveguide core are recited.
Subclass:
145
Organic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
wherein the composition includes carbon.
Subclass:
146
NONCYLINDRICAL OR NONPLANAR SHAPED WAVEGUIDE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the cross section of the waveguide is
neither circular nor flat.
Subclass:
147
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for in any of the preceding
subclasses.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
SOLAR COLLECTOR OR TRANSMITTER:
Art collection relating to devices for the gathering or
distribution of light from the sun which utilize optical
waveguides.
Subclass:
901
ILLUMINATING OR DISPLAY APPARATUS:
Art collection of optical waveguides utilized in lighting or
sign-type devices.
Subclass:
902
NONBUNDLE FIBERSCOPE DEVICES:
Art collection of viewing devices of diverse utility which
are formed from other than an optical fiber bundle.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000