U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 355
PHOTOCOPYING
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. This class provides for apparatus and methods for
photos:graphically copying information from an original or
carrier that is not classified elsewhere, generally employing
a concentrated source of light and an image receiving medium
with a photosensitive emulsion surface.
B. Various plural and composite types of copies are included
such as those involving plural projected images including
multicolor and duplex.
C. Copies selective at the operator's choice are also
included where one original of a group of similar originals
may be selected for copying.
D. Certain combinations, subcombinations and perfecting
features are included such as with film developing or
severing, with temperature control, and with a viewing
screen. Included also are subcombinations which are peculiar
to copies such as holders for the original or photosensitive
paper. The class also contains improvement in particular
elements of or their relationship to the copies when the
elements are claimed in combination with other photos:graphic
copying structure. These improvements may be in filters,
shutters, gates, reflectors, lens mounts, condensers, or
means to convey the original.
E. Methods of copying are also provided for here where all
the steps are for copying a sheet film strip.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Xeros:graphic copying methods and apparatus which utilize
invisible radiation, for infrared or thermal image document
pattern copying methods or apparatus, and methods and
apparatus to expose by invisible radiant energy a recording
detector are classified elsewhere. Copying structure or
methods including specific chemical emulsions on the
photosensitive paper are classified elsewhere. Copying which
includes the use of a motion picture camera or a motion
picture projector is provided for elsewhere. However, this
class, 355, has means for copying motion picture film which
does not include such motion picture camera or projector.
(See References to Other Classes, below.)
PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS COMBINED WITH OTHER STRUCTURE AND
CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural images
such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an identification
card) are classified elsewhere. Photocopying which includes
forming a television image where a detailed cathode-ray tube
is claimed; where only a nominal cathode-ray tube is set
forth is classified elsewhere.. The combination of a detailed
register with a broadly or specifically claimed copier is
classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
PHOTOCOPYING SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Film advancing mechanisms where no more than a nominal
optical or photocopying element is claimed is classified
elsewhere. Photos:graphic lights and projection lights, per
se, are elsewhere. Sheet feeding or delivering means where
no specific optical or photos:graphic structure is set forth
is classified elsewhere. Lenses, reflectors, and optical
filters are provided for elsewhere.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
52 for film advancing means in a copier where no more than
one optical element is claimed and where no detailed optics
is recited. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere,"
above.)
235, Registers, for the combination of a detailed register
with a broadly or specifically claimed copier. See the first
paragraph of the Class 235 definitions. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus
Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324 for unwinding and
rewinding a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an
image film, with no more than a typical relationship between
an optical system and the unwinding/rewinding, and subclasses
520+ for convolute winding of an elongated material of
general use.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 315.3 provides for
xeros:graphic copying methods and apparatus which utilize
invisible radiation, subclass 317.1 provides for infrared or
thermal image document pattern copying methods or apparatus,
and subclasses 580+ for methods and apparatus to expose by
invisible radiant energy a recording detector. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus
Classified Elsewhere")
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, for a sheet feeding or
delivering subcombination where no specific optical or
photos:graphic structure is set forth.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses
467-472 for character font generation and subclasses 326+
for operator interface processing.
346, Recorders, 107.1 for light or beam recording of
phenomenon.
346, Recorders, for patents which claim apparatus for
photographing plural images such as an object and a carrier
(e.g., an identification card). (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With
Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere")
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 112 for
electrostatic marking, subclasses 224+ for light or beam
marking apparatus or processes
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, for photocopying apparatus and
methods involving a motion picture camera or motion picture
projector. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
"Photocopying Apparatus Classified Elsewhere")
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 1.1 for
data processing for static presentation on fixed medium
(e.g., for printer.)
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for lenses in 642, reflectors in subclasses 838+ and optical
filters in subclasses 885+. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations
Classified Elsewhere," above.)
362, Illumination, subclass 3 and 257 for photos:graphic and
projection light source subcombinations which may include
condenser lenses having no other photocopying structure.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
"Photocopying Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere," above.)
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 30, 42+, and 128+ for photos:graphic
television recording apparatus, particularly subclass 130 for
such apparatus having cathode-ray tube. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus
Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
396, Photography, appropriate subclasses and particularly 322
for patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural
images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an
identification card) and subclasses 429+ for a nominal or
broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television
image of an original is formed and then photographed. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying
Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified
Elsewhere")
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product, appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery
chemistry, process, composition, or product.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof for copying structure or methods including
specific chemical emulsions on photosensitive paper. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying
Apparatus Classified Elsewhere")
707, Data Processing: Database and File Management, Data
Structures, or Document Processing, subclasses 500-542 for
document processing performed by a computer for
presentation.
GLOSSARY:
CARRIER
(a) The element that contains the original image to be imaged
onto a receiver. The carrier is commonly a photos:graphic
negative, but may be a positive, a document, a book page,
etc.; and (b) a substance in electrophotos:graphic developer
which conveys a toner material to a copy substrate but which
does not, itself, become a part of the developed copy.
CONCENTRATED LIGHT SOURCE
The source of illumination for the copier. It is usually a
projection lamp but may be a lens or mirror system utilizing
sunlight.
CONDENSING LENS
A lens or combination of lenses used to gather light from a
source and converge (condense) it onto an image plane.
COPYING CAMERA OR PROJECTION PRINTER
Apparatus for projecting an image of an original, by passing
light through or around the original or reflecting light from
the original, onto a photosensitive recording surface for the
purpose of making a copy of the original. The image is
usually enlarged or reduced in size with reference to the
original. A copying camera or projection printer generally
includes (1) a concentrated light source from either an
artificial or natural emanation, (2) a condensing lens or
other light paralleling element, (3) a holding or positioning
device for the original, (4) a projection objective or
projection lens system for directing light after it passes
through or is reflected from the original to form an image,
(5) a holder for the photosensitive medium which receives the
image, and (6) opaque structure to keep unwanted light from
reaching the photosensitive medium. The cameras or projectors
in this class utilize artificial or natural light within the
visible spectrum. The original to be projected is planar in
nature with the plane extending transverse to the direction
of projection, and may be transparent or opaque. The planar
original is usually in the form of flexible film and may be
caused to take a curved form in the original holder or film
gate. In operation the original is positioned outside one
focal plane of the projection lens system and an image is
formed on a photosensitive medium outside the opposite focal
plane of the projection lens system. The closer the original
is to one focal plane the farther the image will be from the
other focal plane, and the bigger the image will be. In the
camera or projector, the relative positioning of the object
is usually obtained by moving the projection lens system and
adjusting its focal length rather than by changing the
position of the original.
FILM STRIP
An indeterminate length of film having either a plurality of
images thereon or enough space for a plurality of images.
IMAGE
The representation of an object (original or carrier)
produced by the transmission or reflection of light incident
upon the original or carrier.
IMAGE, LATENT
The invisible image produced by the action of light alone or
with other electrostatic charge producing means on, or in, a
photoreceptor. A latent image may be made visible by
development.
LIGHT SOURCE
The source of illumination for the copier. It includes
filters, reflectors, screens and other light modifiers used
to affect the spectral distribution, spatial distribution and
intensity of the illumination.
MACHINE
A complete unit in itself for imaging an original or carrier
onto a receiver. It may also include means for developing,
transferring and fixing the image, as well as means for
handling the record carrier on which the image is fixed.
MASTER
(a) The negative or positive original from which
reproductions are made; (b) a microform copy which is used
for the production of copies; or (c) a copy from which
additional reproductions are made.
NEGATIVE
A visible image on a copy material in which the dark portions
of an original appear light and the light portions appear
dark.
ORIGINAL
Any object from which a copy is made by forming an image
thereof on a photoreceptor.
PHOTORECEPTOR
A medium which changes its chemical or mechanical properties
when exposed to light. This term includes photosensitive
members, etc.
PLATEN
A flat or curved piece of rigid material on or against which
an original is placed for imaging the original onto a
photoreceptor.
PROJECTION OBJECTIVE OR PROJECTION LENS SYSTEM
A lens or lens systems used to optically form an image of an
original onto a sensitized surface, viewing screen, or other
image plane with or without magnification or reduction of the
original in the image plane.
PROJECTION PRINTER
See Copying Camera, defined herein.
RECEIVER
The light sensitive element onto which the image from the
carrier is recorded.
TONER
A material, e.g., finely divided (usually thermoplastic)
powder, or pigmented polymer particles, an ink, or magnetic
particles, used in electrostatic processes to make visible a
latent image and which is treated, e.g., fused, dried, etc.,
to render the image permanent. It may include or exclude a
carrier element.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the coping device includes one or more
transparent elongated structures (e.g., fibers, rods, or
pipes) to transmit light rays from one point to another
(usually from the original to the photosensitive medium) by
internal reflections or modal transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 197, 359, and 804 for fiber optics
utilized with television systems.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass
484 and 901.1 for fiber optics or optical waveguides
utilized with facsimile systems.
385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for fiber
optics structure, per se.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the device is adapted to produce
precision photos:graphic copies of a master hologram,
seismogram, graph or scale; the master being on a sheet or
strip of paper or film.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for copying by image
projection or contact printing. However, where a mechanical
means controls structure to project a mere spot or line of
light on a light sensitive material the device is classified
in Class 396, Photography, subclass 548. Subclasses 429+ in
Class 396 provide for a camera combined with a diverse art
device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, for seismogram, graph or scale
copying which includes scribing.
396, Photography, subclass 548 for means to project a mere
spot or line of light on a light sensitive material and
subclasses 429+ for a camera combined with a diverse art
device.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including an apparatus or a method for
projecting an image of an original, by passing light through
or around the original or reflecting light from the original,
on a photosensitive recording surface for the purpose of
making a copy of the original; the image is usually enlarged
or reduced in size with respect to the original and the
apparatus contains a projection lens or lens system for
forming the image.
(1) Note. See the Glossary in Class Definition of this
class (355) for further explanation of how a Copying Camera
or Projection Printer operates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for photocopying involving fiber optics.
2 for photocopying a halogram, seismogram, graph, or scale.
133 for means to photocopy an original where the original
and photosensitive paper are spaced apart (i.e., not contact
printing) but where there is no lens between them.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
52 for film advancing means in a copy camera where no more
than one optical of photocopying element is claimed and where
no detailed optical or photocopying element is recited.
235, Registers, for a detailed register in combination with a
broadly or specifically claimed copying camera.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324 for unwinding and
rewinding a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an
image film, with no more than a typical relationship between
an optical system and the unwinding/rewinding, and subclasses
520+ for convolute winding of an elongated material of
general use.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 317.1 for document copies
using infrared or thermal patterns of the document on a copy
paper, and subclasses 580+ for methods and apparatus to
expose a recording detector to invisible radiation patterns
generally.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, for a sheet feeding or
delivering subcombination where no specific optical or
photos:graphic structure is set forth.
346, Recorders, 107.1 for phenomenal information optical
recorders, and particularly subclass 107.2 for such apparatus
including a camera.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 224 for
apparatus or processes using light or beam for printing the
information.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, for photocopying, apparatus
and methods involving a motion picture cameras or a motion
picture projector.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for lenses in 642, reflectors in subclasses 838+, and optical
filters in subclasses 885+.
362, Illumination, subclass 3 and 257 for photos:graphic and
projection light source subcombinations, which may include
condenser lenses having no other projection printing
structure.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, 42 and 130 for a photos:graphic recorder in
combination with detailed television means for first
transmitting an image of the original to the surface of a
cathode-ray tube and then photographing the image.
396, Photography, appropriate subclasses and particularly 322
for plural image recording and subclasses 429+ for a nominal
or broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television
image of an original is formed and then photographed.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under subclass 364
for duplex copying where an electrophotos:graphic copying
apparatus is employed.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for photocopying
involving chemical process or materials.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
in combination with means to copy film or sheets by contact
printing or wherein parts are relatively movable or
interchangeable to convert the projection printer to a
contact printer.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for mere
subcombinations, such as means to control light intensity,
which are useful in both projection and contact printing.
Patents of this type are classified in the appropriate
projection printing subclasses below.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for patents which
set forth a projection and a contact printing species. Such
patents are classified in the appropriate projection printing
subclass below and cross referenced in the appropriate
contact printing subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for contact printing apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including a cathode-ray tube for illuminating the original to
be copied.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a copier with a
cathode-ray tube for illumination. Class 386, Television
Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing,
subclasses 30, 42+, and 130 provide for photos:graphic
television recording or reproducing apparatus having
cathode-ray tube. Class 396, Photography, subclasses 429+
provide for a nominal or broadly recited cathode-ray tube
upon which a television image of an original is formed and
then photographed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 for contact printing with scanning for contrast control.
84 for contact printer utilizing scanning means.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the device has a handle or is collapsible into a
compact unit for carrying by a person.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the device is adapted to copy pairs of individual
picture elements having separate perspectives corresponding
to the perspectives offered by the right and left eyes of a
viewer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 324 for a system for stereoscopically
photographing plural images in general.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 177 for
electric photos:graphic apparatus utilizing optical
scanning.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the device is particularly adapted for copying the
obverse side and the reverse side of the original strip,
page, or sheet.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter
wherein the device includes a plurality of optical paths for
simultaneously copying the obverse and the reverse sides of
the original on either one or on a plurality of
photosensitive sheets or strips.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter
wherein the copier is adapted to copy information from the
pages of books and usually includes means to hold the pages
flat during photographing thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for book page copier of the contact printing type.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the device is particularly adapted to photograph
complete pictures on the obverse side and the reverse side of
photos:graphic paper which is light sensitive on both sides.
(1) Note. The pictures on the two sides must be complete in
themselves and not cooperate with each other to form a
composite picture as may be true in some of the patents in
subclasses 32+ below.
(2) Note. The picture images may be focused on the two
sides of the paper either simultaneously or successively and
the picture on the reverse side may be either the same or
different from the picture on the obverse side.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for a device for copying both sides of an original on
both sides of a photosensitive paper.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to develop the exposed photosensitive film,
usually by immersing it in a solution which chemically reacts
therewith to form a visible image of the original on the
film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for contact printing machines with flat exposure station
including developing processing means.
106 for contact printing machines with curved exposure
station including developing processing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 233 for
electric photos:graphic apparatus utilizing liquid
development.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
including means to perforate, cut, crop, punch or notch the
film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for projection printing and copying cameras with film
severing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 385 for
electric photography apparatus with cutting means for the
image carrier.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to perforate, cut, crop, punch, or notch the
film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for a copier with both film severing and developing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, for the subcombination of a paper or film
cutting device.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 385 for
electric photography apparatus with cutting means for the
image carrier.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to heat, cool, or ventilate any part of the
projection or photographing system; or including means to
prevent moisture, dust or other foreign matter from coming in
contact with the projection or photographing system or
including means to remove such foreign matter from the
projection or photographing system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for a copier having means to compensate for dust or
scratches on the original.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the copying device is especially adapted to copy a
sound record which is on an original document or film onto
photosensitive material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for contract printing machines with sound track printing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 84 for
dynamic duplication of a sound track.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to copy a composite picture which is made up
of a set of pictures wherein the color of each picture of the
set is different from the color of the other picture of the
set and wherein each picture of the set is copied on separate
portions of a film or wherein the pictures are copied on an
emulsion having parts which are sensitive only to certain
wave lengths of light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for devices for copying stereoscopic pictures wherein one
picture of a stereo pair is a different color than the other
picture of the pair.
88 for multicolor contact printers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 223 for
electrophotos:graphic apparatus utilized for multiple color
developing.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter
wherein either the original or the photosensitive paper is a
lenticular film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 32 for an image
projector for projecting images from lenticular film.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter
including detailed structure for limiting the size or shape
of the aperture of the optical system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for a projection printing or copying camera with
diaphragm in the illumination system.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter
wherein the intensity of the light reaching the light
sensitive paper is variable, wherein the time interval during
which light reaches the photosensitive paper is variable,
wherein the contrast of relative brightness of a portion of
the picture or margin is regulated in accordance with other
portions, or wherein the relative brightness of the various
colors (color balance) is controlled.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for copiers having a
claimed shutter, adjustable diaphragm, diffraction grating,
multicolor filter, variable or neutral density filter, a
filter selectively placed in the light path, and means to
vary the length of time a filter is in the light path. The
subclass does not include a copier having a mere stationary
color filter or unadjustable diaphragm but is in parent
subclass 32 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for a contact printer with light monitoring exposure
control means.
115 for contact printer light box structure with exposure
timing means.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter
including an intermittently energized electromagnet which may
be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.
(1) Note. The electromagnet usually is employed to move a
shutter into and out of the optical path but it may be
employed for other purposes in the copy device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for a projection copier having means to identify,
compose, or select which includes an electromagnet.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus includes a plurality of light sources
for simultaneous or separate use.
(1) Note. One of the light sources may be spaced from the
projector or copier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for a projection copier illumination means in general
utilizing plural lamps.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter
including a photocell or photomultiplier tube and related
electrical circuitry to detect the intensity of light in some
part of the optical path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for a projection copier in general with identifying,
composing, or selecting means including a photocell.
68 for a projection copier in general with a photocell or
phototube utilized in the illumination system.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to photos:graphically record a title or
legend on a sheet, slide, or film strip either simultaneously
with or at a different time from the recording of the major
subject matter.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a nominally claimed
still camera in combination with means to record a title or
legend on the film in the camera. However, a claimed motion
picture camera in combination with titling means is provided
for in Class 352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 90.
This subclass 39 does provide for apparatus designed to
record a title on a motion picture film where said apparatus
is neither a motion picture camera nor projector.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for means to record
titles, legends, or inscriptions on film. Subclasses 40+
below has devices for designating or identifying film by
numbers or codes rather than by using words.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for means to identify film. See (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 419 for a photos:graphic support which may
be adjustable.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to make film strip or sheets identifiable by
photographing codes, numbers, or symbols thereon; or
including means to photograph a plurality of original parts
in superposed or in side by side relationship so that each
part contributes a composite photograph; or including means
to select or copy certain data from a group of such data.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for a copier with means to notch, punch, or cut a film
for identifying it.
39 for devices which photograph titles on film strips or
sheets.
72 for holders for halftone screens.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 146.2 for
selective photography devices including means to compare
signals.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 127
for reading information into and out of a static storage
systems.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 30, 42+, and 128+ for photos:graphic
television recording apparatus, particularly subclass 130 for
such apparatus having cathode-ray tube.
396, Photography, 322 for a camera used to photograph plural
images on a photosensitive paper and subclasses 549+ for
phototypographs which include means to select letters to form
words and sentences.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including a photocell and related electrical circuits.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a multicolor projection copier with means to regulate
light intensity or exposure time utilizing a photocell or
phototube.
68 for a projection copier in general with photocell or
phototube means in the illumination system.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including an intermittently energized electromagnet which may
be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for a multicolor projection copier with light intensity
or exposure time regulating means including an
electromagnet.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photos:graphic paper to direct
light along the optical path.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors
in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS
CLASS, SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including a sheet which is adapted to render an image of an
object which is projected thereon visible for the purpose of
photographing the image on the sheet, previewing the image on
the sheet which is identical to one that will be projected on
a photosensitive paper, or focusing the optical system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, especially subclass 133 for
similar structure where either a motion picture projector or
a motion picture camera is employed.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under subclass 158
for electrophotographing devices with reproduced image
projection or display of developed image.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object and the photos:graphic paper or the screen to direct
light to the screen or to the photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors
in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS
CLASS, SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including a plurality of copiers or a plurality of projection
paths for projecting images on photosensitive surfaces or on
different areas of a single photosensitive surface.
(1) Note. This subclass includes apparatus having a beam
splitter or a plurality of objective lenses for making plural
projection paths from a single projection path for projecting
images to photosensitive film. However, apparatus including
a beam splitter for directing some light to a photocell are
in subclass 68 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for a contact printer in combination with a projection
printer or copy camera.
22 for apparatus employed to copy stereoscopic pictures.
24 for copiers which simultaneously copy both sides of a
document and have plural optical paths.
26 for a copier having plural optical paths for
photographing on both sides of the photosensitive paper.
40 for apparatus having plural optical paths for making a
composite image by superimposing images or by focusing images
adjacent each other.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the original or the photos:graphic paper is in a
curved position in the optical path during copying.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass relate to
distortion introducing or rectifying.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 5 and 69+ for image
projectors having distortion compensating or rectifying
means, some of which projectors are for transferring images
to or from a curved surface.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter
wherein the original moves continuously while an image is
being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for projection copiers in general wherein the original
moves continuously.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflector
means see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS,
SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the original moves continuously while an image is
being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for a copier for transferring an image to or from a
curved surface while the original is moving.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for structure similar to that in this subclass where the
image is transferred to or from a curved surface.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to distort the image transferred to the
photosensitive paper, such as magnifying or reducing the
image in one direction more than in the other, or including
means to correct or compensate for distortion present in the
original which is to be copied, such as when the original was
taken from an airplane which was at an angle to the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for distortion prevention when copying sound recorders.
47 for distortion prevention or imparting when the image is
transferred to or from a curved surface.
50 for distortion prevention or imparting when the image of
a continuously moving original is transferred.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 5 and 69+ for image
projectors having distortion compensation or rectifying means
where no camera, copier, or photosensitive paper is claimed.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to reposition the photosensitive paper
relative to the objective lens after each exposure for
repeated copying of the same original on either different
sheets of photosensitive paper or on different areas of a
photosensitive sheet or film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for devices having a plurality of projection lens for
producing plural images on a photosensitive paper.
86 for contact printers of the step and repeat type wherein
a sensitized printing press plate or cylinder is utilized.
95 for contact printers of the step and repeat type in
general.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including structure, such as a mask having a plurality of
apertures therein, for making a plurality of images on
photosensitive film strip or sheets in the form of rows and
columns.
(1) Note. One row of picture on a film strip does not
constitute rows and columns.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for copiers which include plural optical paths for
imaging plural rows of pictures on photosensitive material.
53 for repeated copying the same original onto a
photos:graphic paper in rows and columns.
64 for making a single row of pictures on a film strip.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including means to move the holder for the original, the
objective lens, and the photosensitive paper holder relative
to each other for focusing or changing and degree of
magnification or reduction; or including structure adapted to
allow interchanging of objective lenses of different focal
lengths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a copier including a focusing screen.
75 for means to tilt the original relative to the optical
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 432 and 821 for selective lenses to change the
focus or magnification in optical systems.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
including means to automatically move the objective lens or
lens system relative to the original and photosensitive paper
for proper focusing when the original and photosensitive
paper are moved relative to each other to vary the size of
the image projected on the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 672 and 821 for selective lenses to change the
focus or magnification in optical systems and subclasses 432,
676+, and 823+ for lens systems.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
including a sliding or rotating piece that imparts motion to
a pin free to move in a groove on its face or to a roller
moving against its edge, or including a screw having threads
of nonuniform pitch; to aid in moving the lens, original, and
photosensitive paper relative to each other.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
including a scale or indicator to denote the degree of
enlargement or reduction or to show when the lens is properly
focused.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for projection copiers in general with focus or
magnification control including indicator or scale means.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflector
means see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS,
SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for copiers having a focusing screen and a reflector.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
including a scale or indicator to denote the degree of
enlargement or reduction or to show when the lens is properly
focused.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for automatic or semiautomatic focusing projection
copiers with indicator or scale.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
where the optical path between the original and the
photosensitive paper is vertical.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter
where the optical path between the original and the
photosensitive paper is vertical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for similar devices where part of the optical path is
vertical and part is horizontal with a mirror or prism to
change the direction of the optical path.
62 for similar devices which have a scale for indicating the
degree of enlargement or if the system is properly focused.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
wherein the original is an individual sheet or document and
the photosensitive paper is a strip of film having
indeterminate length and wherein a plurality of sheets or
documents are copied in sequence on the film strip.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for devices which copy both sides of an original.
48 and 50+, for copying on a strip of film where the
original moves continuously during the copying operation.
53 for devices which make a plurality of copies of the same
original.
54 for devices for copying sheets wherein both rows and
columns of pictures are obtained on the film strip.
75 for means to hold the individual document in position for
projection of the image.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, for sheet feeding or
delivering means where no specific optical or photos:graphic
structure is set forth.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 and 51, for structure similar to that in this subclass 65
where the original moves continuously while an image is being
projected therefrom.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including a mirror reflecting prism positioned between the
object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct
light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for a duplex, projection copier having a reflector in the
optical path.
43 for a projection copier which includes means to
designate, compose or select which has a reflector in the
optical path.
45 for a projection copier having a reflector and also a
viewing or focusing screen.
49 for a projection copier of the curved surface type for
copying a continuously moving original and including a
reflector.
51 for devices for projection copying a continuously moving
original and including a reflector.
60 for a projection copier having means to control the focus
or magnification and including a reflector in the optical
path.
65 for a projection copier of the individual document to
film strip type utilizing a reflector.
68 for projection copier having a photocell to control the
illumination including a reflector to direct light to the
photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under subclass 158
for electrophotography apparatus with projection means.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including a plural or particular light source, or means such
as a reflector, condenser lens or diffusing plate to direct
light from the source to the original, or means to control
the intensity or time interval of light reaching the
photosensitive paper, or means to regulate the contrast or
relative brightness of one portion of a picture or margin
with another portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for a copier including means to cool or ventilate the
lamp housing.
35 for illumination system for copying multicolor pictures.
74 for adjustable masks over the photosensitive paper.
113 for light bores for contact printers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses,
especially 198, for light sources utilized in motion picture
apparatus.
362, Illumination, subclass 3 for photos:graphic lights
where no other camera structure is claimed.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including a photoelectric cell or photomultiplier tube and
related electric circuitry to detect the intensity of light
in some part of the optical path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for a copier including a photocell or phototube for
copying multicolor pictures.
41 for a projection copier with identifying, composing, or
selecting means including a photocell means.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the light flux given off by the lamp is controlled by
varying the voltage applied to the lamp or wherein the time
interval during which the lamp is on is variable by
interrupting the electricity thereto, usually according to
the light transmitting or reflecting quality of the original;
or wherein a light switch is set forth to control the
electricity to the lamp.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for a copier which transfers images from individual
documents to a film strip having light control which usually
includes a light switch actuated by a document.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the apparatus includes a plurality of light sources
for simultaneous or separate use.
(1) Note. One of the light sources may be spaced from the
projector or copier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for a copier including a plurality of lamps for copying a
multicolor picture.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including an opaque element which is insertable in the
optical path to temporarily block the light or a diaphragm,
polarizer, or filter in the optical path to partially block
the light.
(1) Note. The diaphragms of this subclass are usually
between the light source and the original and do not regulate
the size of the final picture as do the masks in subclass 74
below which are between the original and the photosensitive
paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for a copier having a detailed diaphragm for copying
lenticular film.
35 for a device for copying multicolor pictures including a
shutter, diaphragm, polarizer, or filter.
64 for a copier which transfers images from individual
documents to film strips having light control wherein the
shutter is usually actuated by a document.
74 for a holder for the photosensitive paper having an
adjustable mask over the paper.
101 for contact printing machine with shutters.
116 for contact printer light box with foot operated
shutter.
121 for contact printer light box with shutter.
124 for contact printer frame with shutter.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including detailed means to maintain the photos:graphic paper
in position while the image of the original is being focused
on its surface.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the subcombination of a
holder for photosensitive paper disclosed as being for a
copying camera. Class 396, Photography, has similar
subcombinations disclosed as being for a camera in general or
disclosed as having general utility in the photos:graphic
arts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for a holder which holds the paper in a curved position.
65 for strip film holders or film gates.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
wherein the photos:graphic paper is held by air or
atmospheric pressure caused either by forming a partial
vacuum on one side of the paper or by blowing air against the
paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for vacuum, fluid, or spring pressure meant for holder of
original.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 362 and 363 for vacuum holddown
devices of general utility.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
including adjustable or selective, opaque means for
selectively defining the area or size of the photos:graphic
paper which will receive the light coming from the object by
blocking the unwanted light at the edges or border of what
will be the new photograph.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for masks which are for making a plurality of rows and
columns of pictures on one photosensitive sheet.
72 for simple masks which are not adjustable or selective to
determine the size of the photograph.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including detailed structure to maintain the object to be
copied in position while its image is being focused on the
photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the subcombination of
a holder for an original which disclosed as being for use
with a copying camera or projection printer while Class 353
provides for a film gate in a device for projecting an image
on a viewing screen.
(2) Note. The object to be copied is often designated the
original copy or negative and the holder is sometimes called
a copyboard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for a reversible holder for copying both sides of a
document.
25 for an original holder where the original is a book.
47 for a holder which holds the original in a curved
position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 23 and 95+ for an image
projector having a film gate.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter
wherein the object is held by air or atmospheric pressure
caused either by forming a partial vacuum on one side of the
object or by blowing air against the object; or wherein the
object is held between two members which are being pushed
toward each other by a coil or leaf spring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for a book holder having spring or suction means.
73 for holder for photosensitive medium utilizing vacuum or
fluid pressure means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 362 and 363 for vacuum holddown
devices of general utility.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter
including process steps for use in projecting an image of the
subject matter on an original sheet or film strip onto a
photosensitive paper to make a copy of the original.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
132 for contact printing methods in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 121 for a method of
projecting an image on a viewing screen.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 130 for
methods of forming images electrophotos:graphically.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the picture or other information on
the carrier is transferred to a light sensitive receiver in
surface engagement over the entire area of the carrier
surface at least at the time of exposure to produce in the
carrier by photos:graphic effect a recording of the same
dimensions as that of the picture or other information on the
carrier.
(1) Note. In case where there is an optical system placed
between the carrier and receiver, the subject matter will
appear higher in the schedule even though there is no
enlargement or reduction of the size of the image.
(2) Note. For the chemical aspects of the photos:graphic
contact printing art as well as other nonchemical process and
article features closely related thereto, Class 430,
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for projection type copiers combined with or convertible
to a contact printer.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the image from two or more stacked carriers are
simultaneously transferred to one side of a receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 97 for superimposed
film strips.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the contrast of the receiver is changed over the area
of the frame or along the length of the continuous strip with
respect to the contrast of corresponding areas or length of
the carrier (i.e., the change in contrast over various
portions of the receiver is different from any change of
contrast of corresponding portions of the carrier by
modifying the light intensity or duration).
(1) Note. In vignetting as classified in subclass 125
below, light is usually completely blocked and stray light
around the blocking portion produces the diffusing effect.
However, in this subclass 80 the contrast is modified by
altering the light passing directly through or from the
carrier object to be transferred.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the contrast on the receiver is different from that
of the carrier over the frame area, as a result of varying
the intensity or the duration of the illumination over
selected portions of the frame area by a scanning motion of
the light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for projection printing and copying camera utilizing
cathode-ray tube illumination.
84 for contact printers in general with scanning means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 177 for
electric photos:graphic apparatus utilizing scanning.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
adapted to produce prints from the pages of books with or
without reflex printing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for book page copier of the projection printing and
copying type.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
having apparatus that controls the light intensity or shutter
size during exposure in accordance with light passing through
or reflected from the carrier as monitored by a light
sensitive element, commonly a photoelectric cell, which
controls the light intensity or shutter size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for multicolor projection printing and copying cameras
with means to regulate the light intensity or exposure time.
115 for contact printing light boxes with exposure timing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photoelectric cells and
circuits and apparatus combined therewith.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the light source unit is moved over or past the
carrier and receiver frame area to transfer frame portions
sequentially from the carrier to the receiver as opposed to
the usual simultaneous transfer of the entire frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for projection printing and copying camera utilizing
cathode-ray tube illumination.
81 for cathode-ray tube scanning devices used for contrast
control.
102 103 and 108+, for transferring the frame image portions
sequentially by moving the combined carrier and receiver
continuously past the light source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
178, Telegraphy, subclass 15 and 90 for photos:graphic
recorder receiver.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
196 for deflection by a moving element which may be
reflective.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 30, 42+, and 128+ for television
systems wherein the light source may be scanned across the
photosensitive surface.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 177 for
electrophotos:graphic apparatus utilizing scanning.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
having apparatus for image transfer to a sensitized receiver
in the form of a printing press plate or cylinder.
(1) Note. Printing press elements exposed as in
photocomposers normally require further processing, as by
etching, before being useable in a printing press.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, 368 for printing members.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, 1 for chemical etching
combined with additional manufacturing steps, particularly
subclass 10 for printing roll manufacture.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
wherein a single carrier or receiver is stepped or moved
between repeated exposures until the sensitized receiver
surface is utilized or covered to the desired extent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for projection copiers of the step and repeat type.
64 for projection copiers wherein images are transferred
from individual documents to film strip.
95 for step and repeat contact printers in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under appropriate
subclasses for full color electrophotos:graphic apparatus.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
wherein the step and repeat photocomposers utilize fluid
pressure for contact or retention of carrier and receiver in
exposing position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for machines generally involving fluid pressure contact
and retention structure.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
having apparatus adapted to produce color prints otherwise
than by the mere use of colored printing materials.
(1) Note. Printers utilizing plural color beams, even
though combined into one beam at the printing station, are
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for projection printing and copying cameras for multiple
color reproduction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under appropriate
subclasses for electrophotos:graphic apparatus for color
reproduction.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemical natural
color techniques.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the machine (as defined in subclass 97) has a
plurality of exposure stations at each of which the carrier
and receiver are held together and exposed to light, or
including a plurality of such machines.
(1) Note. Subject matter where one of the exposure stations
is for printing a sound track is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for light boxes with plural image transfer.
127 for frames for transfer of plural images.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
including structure for moving indeterminate lengths of
carrier and receiver to, past, and from the exposure
stations, the second exposure station commonly being for
printing a sound track on the receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for project on type copier with means to copy a sound
record.
98 for other sound track printers.
111 for continuous running machines with indeterminate
length carrier and receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 1, with sound accompaniment,
subclasses 12+, picture and sound synchronizing, subclasses
26+, common picture and sound systems, subclasses 221+, for
film gates.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein contact between the carrier and receiver during
exposure is secured by direct acting fluid pressure.
(1) Note. In this subclass a suction is maintained between
the pressure applying surfaces or a fluid pressure is applied
through a flexible member. Where the pressure is applied
through a mechanical linkage actuated by fluid such as a
mechanical connected piston, classification is elsewhere in
the schedule.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein air inflated cushions are used to force the carrier
and receiver into secure contact for exposure.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the complete frame is pivotal after the carrier and
receiver are secured together for the exposure operation.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein there is a pump included in the disclosed fluid
pressure system.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the same carrier is moved over the receiver or vice
versa to discrete and distinct positions, the same image
being transferred from the carrier to the receiver at each
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for projection copiers of the step and repeat type.
66 for step and repeat photocomposers for printing plates.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
wherein the receiver is in the form of a strip and the
successive printing is done longitudinally along the strip.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
including complete units for transferring the image from the
carrier to the receiver and including structure for moving or
transporting either the carrier or receiver to, from, or past
the exposure station without direct manual engagement during
this moving.
(1) Note. The moving structure need not move the carrier or
receiver through the complete operating cycle for
classification here. Classification is here when the cycle
and machine operation is in sequence. The moving structure
may operate on only one of the carrier and receiver, and
classification is here. A gravity operated slot is
classified here. The moving structure may be manually or
motor operated.
(2) Note. A complete unit would include at least the
supporting structure for the receiver and carrier and the
illuminating structure for image transfer. See subclasses
113+ for light boxes which include supporting the
illuminating structure but lack the transporting or moving
structure. See subclass 123 below for frames which include
the carrier transporting or moving structure, but which lack
the illuminating structure the frames being parts merely
intended for ready manipulation with respect to the
illuminating structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for contact printers of the plural exposure station or
plural machine type.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
including apparatus for printing a sound track on a receiver
or for eliminating extraneous noise on the printed sound
track of a receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for projection printing and copying cameras with means to
copy a sound record.
86 for sound printer combined with other printing stations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, 12 for picture and sound
synchronization, 26+ for common picture and sound record
carrier, and 221+ for gates.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 84 for
dynamic duplication of a sound track.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
wherein the receiver is fixed or movably positioned on a flat
surface during exposure.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
including apparatus for wet or dry developing processing
after the printing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for projection printing and copying cameras with
developing means.
106 for developing processing after exposure at a curved or
cylindrical exposure station.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 564 for fluid treatment apparatus used to
develop photos:graphic material.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 233 for
electric photos:graphic apparatus utilizing liquid
development.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 434 for chemical developing.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
including structure for selectively blocking and unblocking
the light path to expose the light sensitive material to
photos:graphic light.
(1) Note. See subclass 121 below for a field of search for
shutters.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein an image on a carrier is copied on a plurality of
separate receivers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for step and repeat copying on printing.
95 for step and repeat copying generally.
101 for repeat printers having shutters.
109 for repeat printing machine of the cylindrical or curved
exposure station structure type.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
wherein the sheets or web which comprise the carrier and
receiver travels past the exposure station during exposure
(i.e., they do not stop during exposure).
(1) Note. The light may or may not move with the sheets or
webs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for continuously running machines with curved or
cylindrical exposure stations.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
wherein the receiver is on a cylindrical or curved surface
during exposure.
(1) Note. Subject matter concerned only with the cylinder,
its cooling, or the means for imparting motion to it is
classifiable here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for light box with cylindrical or curved exposure
station.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter
wherein the exposure station comprises a vertical cylinder
with exposure of the printing materials effected by the
lowering of a light into the cylinder.
(1) Note. The inventions herein are representative of the
older blue print machines.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter
including apparatus for wet or dry developing processing
after the printing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for projection printing and copying cameras with
developing means.
100 for developing processing after exposure at a flat
exposure station.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 564 for fluid treatment apparatus used to
develop photos:graphic material.
399, Electrophotography, subject matter under 233 for
electric photos:graphic apparatus utilizing liquid
development.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter
having developing processing wherein the image is transferred
to an intermediate sheet from which the image is subsequently
transferred to a receiver.
(1) Note. An intermediate sheet is most commonly used with
the wet diffusion process.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter
wherein the sheets or web which comprise the receiver travel
past the exposure station during exposure, and usually
without stopping.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for continuously running flat printing machines.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
with repeated printing from one or more carriers, i.e., more
than one receiver copy is made from a single carrier.
(1) Note. A carrier whose picture, pattern or design
completely encompasses a cylindrical exposure station and
which is used in making strips with the picture, pattern or
design repeated would be classifiable here, e.g., wall paper
or textiles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for noncontinuous repeated printing in flat machines.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein an exposure station cylinder rotates as the carrier
and receiver pass thereover past the exposure station.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter
wherein both the carrier and receiver are webs of
indeterminate length which may be perforated (e.g., motion
picture film).
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
including mechanisms for automatically marking numbers or
indicia on prints and also including devices for counting the
number of prints made.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
including structure for shielding or shading the light used
for printing from the surrounding work area.
(1) Note. Usually the shielding or shading structure is a
box enclosing the light source or the associated reflectors
or lenses which light source lenses or reflector may or may
not be claimed in the patents here classified. Structure for
facilitating the use of natural light such as an opening in
the box or mirror is classified here where the box is
claimed. Structure in the form of a frame and constituting
the top of a light box is classified in subclasses 122+ below
where the box structure is not claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for illumination systems or details utilized in
projection type copiers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses,
especially 198 for projection light sources utilized in
motion picture apparatus.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
where the exposure station or stations have structure for
producing a plurality of positive images usually
simultaneously and usually from a corresponding number of
negative images.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for contact printers having plural exposure stations or
comprising plural machines.
110 for frames for making plural images.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
including means for controlling the period of exposure of the
light sensitive material.
(1) Note. Usually the means consists of a mechanism which
closes a shutter after a predetermined period of time or
which opens or closes the electrical circuit containing the
light source after a predetermined period of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for multicolor projection printing or copying cameras
with means to regulate the light intensity or exposure time.
83 for contact printers with light monitoring exposure
control means.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the platen or shutter of the light box is foot
operated (e.g., with a treadle).
(1) Note. For other shutters see the field of search
appended to the definition of subclass 121.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the exposure station has a surface which is
cylindrical or curved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for printing machines with cylindrical or curved
exposure station structure.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the platen is formed in two or more distinct parts
which are completely separable or attached together to
provide movement or flexibility between the attached parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for divided platens.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the exposure station is illuminated by indirect light
rays.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
wherein the illumination circuit is closed when the platen is
manually moved into pressure contact or locked into contact
position with the receiver and carrier and the circuit is
broken when the platen is manually unlocked from its contact
position or manually moved away from pressure contact with
the carrier and receiver.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
including structure for selectively blocking and unblocking
the light path to expose the light sensitive material to the
photos:graphic light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for projection type copier with shutter in the
illumination system.
101 for printing machines with shutters.
116 for foot operated shutters.
121 for light box with shutters.
123 for strip film frames having shutters.
124 for frames with shutters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses,
especially 204 for shutters utilized in motion picture
apparatus.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
227 for shutters generally; and subclasses 738+ for lenses
with shutters.
396, Photography, 452 for camera shutters.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
including portable devices as for ready manipulation before a
source of illumination usually flat and usually including a
border structure for holding negatives and sensitized
surfaces in their proper relative positions for printing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for continuous film frames.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
including structure for moving or transporting either the
carrier or receiver at least one of which is a film strip to,
from or past the exposure station in the frame.
(1) Note. All units additionally providing to the moving
and transporting structure a light source are classified in
subclasses 97+ above.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
including structure for selectively blocking and unblocking
the light path to expose the light sensitive material to the
photos:graphic light.
(1) Note. The shutter need not be completely opaque, but
only opaque to the photos:graphic light. A shutter formed as
a ruby filter would be classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for projection type copiers with shutter in the
illumination system.
101 for printing machines with shutters.
116 for fast operated shutters.
121 for light box with shutter.
123 for strip film frames having shutters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, appropriate subclasses,
especially 204 for shutter utilized in motion picture
apparatus.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements, 227, for shutters generally; and subclasses 738+
for lenses with shutter.
396, Photography, 452 for camera shutters.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
including structure for blocking a portion of the transverse
area of the light path usually at the border, the blocking
being either abrupt at the edge or gradual to produce a
graduated shading effect or including structure to diffuse
the light in the light path to produce a softening effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for contact printers with localized contrast
modification.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter
wherein the blocking structure is movable over the transverse
area of the light path to change the parameters of the
opening in the light blocking structure, as for example to
change the picture dimensions.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
wherein the frame is adapted to produce a plurality of
positive images usually simultaneously and usually from a
corresponding number of negative images.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for contact printers of the plural station or plural
machine type.
114 for light box with means to transfer plural images.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
including a flat plate of rigid material distinct from the
remaining frame and substantially covering the back of
structure the receiver for pressing the carrier and receiver
together when they are disposed in the remaining frame
structure.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the platen is formed in two or more distinct parts
which are completely separable or attached together to
provide movement or flexibility between the attached parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for light box with divided or flexible platen.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
wherein a spring is provided to maintain the platen in the
pressure applying position.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter
wherein the platen is permanently movably secured to the
remaining frame structure as by hinges to permit movement of
the platen from the pressure applying position to and from a
position to permit ready insertion of the carrier and
receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for divided platens which are attached to remaining
frame structure.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
comprising methods of contact printing.
(1) Note. Patents within the subclass 78 definition
including both article and method claims are classified on
the basis of the article claims in the higher subclasses.
This subclass 132 only provides for patents with all method
claims.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for projection printing and copying methods in general.
210 for methods of forming images
electro-photos:graphically.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which is not provided for in any of the
preceding subclasses of this class.
(1) Note. This subclass includes printing apparatus having
the receiver and carrier spaced apart from one another during
the exposure operation, as long as the image reproduced on
the receiver has not been reduced or enlarged.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for the use of fiber optics in the space between the
carrier and the receiver.
Subclass:
400
USING MICROCAPSULES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein an image is formed by exposing a layer
of photosensitive microcapsules containing chromogenic
material to radiant energy and rupturing the capsule in the
presence of a developing arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 138 for a product, process, or
composition using microcapsules.
Subclass:
401
Condition responsive control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein the imaging or developing of the microcapsules is
controlled in response to a randomly occurring, sensed
condition.
Subclass:
402
Exposure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein a means or method is provided for projecting light or
radiant energy from an original to a layer of microcapsules.
Subclass:
403
Using mask original:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein an imaged transparency is located between a source of
radiant energy and a layer of microcapsules.
Subclass:
404
Of selected area or border:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
wherein exposure of the microcapsules is limited or
controlled in extent.
Subclass:
405
Heating (e.g., thermal fixing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein a means or method is provided for applying heat to an
exposed, microcapsule-coated medium before, during, or after
developing.
Subclass:
406
Pressure developing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein a force is applied to rupture the microcapsules in
the presence of a developing arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for a press.
Subclass:
407
Sheet feeding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
wherein a means or method is provided for handling an
original, a medium with the microcapsules, a developing
sheet, or a copy medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appropriate subclasses for
sheet feeding.
Subclass:
408
Having document handling detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter
wherein a means or method is provided for sensing the
position or condition of transportable media.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000