U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 352
OPTICS: MOTION PICTURES
Class Definition:
This class includes structure motion picture cameras, which
record motion picture cameras, upon a single actuation a
series of individual photographs which are separated in time.
Generally the recording rate is related to the persistence of
vision when the photograph series is used to accurately
portray an action. However, special types of cameras are
included which record the picture series at rates differing
greatly from the normal persistence of vision time so as to
produce a series of pictures of utility other than the
creation of a motion illusion or to create a motion illusion
with the rate of motion greatly exaggerated.
Included in this class are exhibitors which display motion
pictures and the motion picture carriers for use in the
exhibitors. The exhibitors may display the motion pictures by
either affording the viewer a direct view of the pictures
with or without the aid of optical magnifiers, or optically
projecting a real image of the pictures on a surface which is
visible to the viewers. The exhibitors display the individual
pictures of the motion picture series sequentially at such a
rate that due to the persistence of vision of the viewer an
illusion of motion is created. The individual pictures of the
motion picture series may be carried on an opaque or
transparent base, which may be in the form of a strip, a
disc, a drum or individual plates.
Motion picture cameras and/or projectors with perfecting
structure are also included in this class. Examples of this
perfecting structure are, sound accompaniment, natural color
structure, stereoscopic structure, panoramic structure,
special effect producing structure, special optical structure
permitting plural fields of view, removable magazines, film
rewinding structure, focusing structure, automatically
controlled diaphragms, plural lens selectors, film strip fire
prevention and isolation structure, loop formers, structure
for framing and/or eliminating travel ghosts, special
housings, and special supports.
Plural arrangements of motion picture apparatus, and motion
picture apparatus which is combined with or convertible to
other devices are also provided for in this class. Examples
of such apparatus specifically provided for are sound
accompanied motion picture apparatus with selectively
operable plural records, recorders, or reproducers; motion
picture apparatus combined with a manned vehicle; and motion
picture cameras which convert to motion picture projectors or
still cameras.
Subcombinations of motion picture apparats not otherwise
provided for, such as film gates and motion picture shutters,
are included here.
Included also are certain accessories related to motion
picture apparatus such as sound stages, prompting devices,
attachments and sets for the production of special effects,
and film treating and working apparatus.
Methods of recording and exhibiting motion pictures, methods
of using motion pictures for other than the creation of a
motion illusion for entertainment such as for the analysis of
motion, and methods of carrier treating and working are
included here.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Certain devices which are quasi-motion picture in nature are
not classified here. Certain picture exhibitors in which a
portion of the picture is made so as to move or to create an
illusion of motion but without the sequential presentation of
individual pictures are classified in Class 40, Card,
Picture, or Sign Exhibiting especially subclasses 427+.
Cameras which convert an optical image to an electrical
analog for electrical storage (e.g., magnetic tape) and
exhibitors which operate from such an analog are classified
in Class 348, Television, subclasses 207+ and 739+.
MOTION PICTURE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED
ELSEWHERE
Intermittent feed mechanism of the type used in motion
picture devices are classified in Class 226, Advancing
Material of Indeterminate Length, especially subclasses 52+,
if they are of general utility. Reeling and unreeling means
of the type employed in motion picture devices are classified
in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses
324+ for a holder (e.g., spool, cartridge) for a motion
picture camera; see, too, 67.1+, for winding machines and
68+, for holders and holder-supporters of general utility,
respectively.
Stands for motion picture projectors without specific
cooperation with the projector are classified in Class 248,
Supports, subclass 637. For alarms responsive to breakage of
motion picture film see Class 340, Communications:
Electrical, subclass 675.
Class 359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and
Elements, provides for lens mounts in motion picture devices
where the motion picture device is only nominally set forth.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
In general there is not specific place for the methods and
apparatus of manufacturing motion picture apparatus other
than the general manufacturing steps for the component parts
(e.g., Class 409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for the
manufacture of gears used in motion picture devices or Class
451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for the grinding of lens
components used in motion picture devices). However, the
chemical developing and processing of motion picture film is
classified in Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry:
Process, Composition, or Product Thereof.
STILL PICTURE CAMERAS
Photos:graphic cameras which use light to record a single
picture for each actuation are classified in Class 396,
Photography.
STILL PICTURE EXHIBITORS AND PROJECTORS
Devices for exhibiting single photographs are provided for in
Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, if the picture
is viewed directly or with a simple magnifier. Class 353,
Optics: Image Projectors, has devices which project a real
image on a viewing surface where no positive recitation such
as "a motion picture projector" or structure definitive of a
motion picture mechanism is set forth in the claims.
RADIATION, IMAGERY FILM
Radiation imagery film is classified in Class 430, Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,
subclasses 496+.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 446+ for
exhibitors which change the displayed picture without motion
illusion and subclasses 427+ for displays with the illusion
of motion (See MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
above).
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 436, for Geneva
type gearing.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length for the
apparatus and processes of advancing material, including
motion picture film, of indeterminate-length.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for
unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information
carrier; e.g., an image bearing carrier.
348, Television, subclasses 207+ and 739+ for television.
See also MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
above.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, for an image projector which
projects an image with no illusion of motion of the image.
355, Photocopying, subclasses 78+ for contact printing
apparatus and processes.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 642+ for lenses for motion picture cameras.
362, Illumination, subclasses 257+, for illuminating
projectors.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclasses
100+ for optical storage or retrieval of an audio signal.
396, Photography, for cameras which use light to record a
single picture for each actuation.
399, Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics,
subclasses 38+ for controls, subclasses 130+ for image
formation, subclasses 168+ for charging, subclasses 177+ for
exposure, subclasses 222+ for development, subclasses 297+
for transfer, subclasses 320+ for fixing, subclasses 343+ for
cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for document handling.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for the chemical aspects of radiation
imagery, including post imaging processing and chemically
defined radiation imagery compositions and elements.
GLOSSARY:
APERTURE PLATE
A portion of the gate which confines the recorded image to a
single frame in a motion picture camera gate or confines the
projected light beam to a single frame in a motion picture
projector.
CAMERA, MOTION PICTURE
A device for photos:graphically recording periodically a
series of images of an object upon a single actuation.
CARRIER, MOTION PICTURE
The vehicle for the individual pictures of a motion picture
series, generally a flexible strip.
DISSOLVE
The gradual diminishing of the intensity of an image until it
is no longer recognizable.
FRAME
The space or area on a motion picture carrier normally
occupied by one picture of a motion picture series.
GATE
A portion of a motion picture device which positions the
motion picture carrier in the plane of focus of the optical
system of the motion picture device.
LOOP
A slack portion of a motion picture film strip useful to
isolate tensionally derived speed variations.
MOTION PICTURE
A pictorial representation of objects which change position
with time comprising a plurality of pictures in which objects
are incrementally displaced in successive pictures
corresponding to a displacement in time, the plurality of
pictures being displayed sequentially at such a rate that
they create, due to the persistence of vision, an illusion of
motion to the viewer.
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
Instruments and machines for use in recording or reproducing
motion pictures, and includes cameras, projectors, and
carriers.
MOTION PICTURE SEQUENCE
A plurality of individual pictures presented at such a rate
as to produce a motion picture.
OPTICAL AXIS
The path taken by a central ray of a light beam as it passes
into the motion picture camera or from the motion picture.
PROJECTOR, MOTION PICTURE
A device which forms a real optical image of successive
elements of a motion picture sequence at such a rate that an
illusion of motion is produced due to the persistence of
vision.
SHUTTER
An element of a motion picture device which interrupts the
light to provide the sequential recording or presentation of
the motion picture image.
TRANSDUCER
A device which converts one form of energy to another. The
term generally used in this class in the recording or
reproducing of sound accompaniment and denotes such devices
as a magnetic pick up or electro-mechanical phonograph pick
up.
TRAVEL GHOST
A fault of a motion picture projection caused by presentation
of the individual picture in a motion picture sequence before
the picture has come to rest. In projector systems this
superfluous image is of a lesser light intensity.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including sound recording, carrying, or reproducing
structure and methods for recording or reproducing sounds,
such as music or speech, which bear a definite relationship
to the motion picture sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for motion pictures with special effects and especially
subclass 85 for motion pictures with scent accompaniment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclasses 15+ for a still
picture projector with sound accompaniment.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 3 and 80, for magnetic recorders or reproducers
combined with nominal motion picture apparatus.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate
subclasses for storage or retrieval of an audio signal.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in
which a group of sequentially arranged pictures are presented
at such a rate to give the visual illusion of a motion
sequence which reoccurs at regular intervals together with
the accompaniment of sound from a sound recording.
(1) Note. This subject matter includes a series of picture
recordings on a phonograph record, which produce a motion
illusion upon rotation of the record in playing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a drum which is rotated to produce a
reoccurring motion picture sequence without sound
accompaniment.
102 for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a disc which is rotated to produce a
reoccurring motion picture sequence without sound
accompaniment.
126 for motion picture devices which have the motion picture
sequence arranged on an endless film to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including structure providing for performing of action to be
photographed with sound accompaniment including scenery and
other stage effects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 88+ for motion picture sets without provision
for recording sound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclasses 57+ for an
illusion or stage device appropriate therefor and not of a
motion picture type.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter
including means to communicate with performers being
photographed without interrupting the sound motion picture
photography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 722 for television studio
equipment including teleprompters.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes for
recording or reproducing motion picture sequences together
with recording or reproducing sound bearing a particular
relationship to the motion picture sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 38+ for motion picture methods not including
steps providing sound accompaniment.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
which includes a plurality of records, recorders and/or
reproducers and means to activate in response to a signal or
at the will of an operator, selected ones of these recorders
and reproducers or a record selection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for motion projectors without sound accompaniment which
reproduce selected motion picture sequences.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in
which the means to selectively actuate different reproducers
includes interrelated control means for the plurality of
reproducers, said control means being so related that
actuation of the selected reproducers will deactivate
(inactivate) nonselected reproducers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for a plurality of motion picture devices which are
sequentially operated without sound accompaniment.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in
which means are provided to operatively associate a plurality
of picture or sound records with a reproducer to establish a
reproducing relationship between a selected record and the
reproducer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for motion picture projectors which reproduce without
sound accompaniment a motion picture film strip selected from
a plurality of such motion picture strips.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter
including a plurality of sound recorders or reproducers used
in cooperation with a single picture recorder or reproducer
and wherein the selective actuating means actuates one of the
sound recorders or reproducers in conjunction with the
deactivation of another of the sound recorders or reproducers
such that a continuous sound record is either recorded or
reproduced to accompany the motion picture.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter
which comprises means to selectively activate one of a
plurality of sound transducers or picture recording or
reproducing elements of a picture and sound recorder or
reproducer.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including a plurality of sound transducers which are
positioned in a particular relation to the recorded scene or
the reproduced picture and wherein a sound record for each
transducer is recorded or reproduced corresponding to the
sounds from that position in the original scene.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for motion picture with
stereo sound.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including means to maintain a timed relationship between the
sound and picture recording or reproducing.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which the timing means includes a manually manipulatable
control, controlling the relationship between the picture and
the sound.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which dimensions of a loop in either the picture carrier
or sound carrier are employed to control speed regulation
means to maintain the desired time relationship between
picture and sound carriers.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which the sound recorder or reproducer controls the
picture recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper time
relationship between the picture and sound either by means of
direct coupling or by employing a control signal originating
in sound recorder or reproducer means.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
which comprises a control means actuated by the sound record
to produce a signal which controls the time rate of operation
of the picture.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this generic subclass
includes, for example, systems which the control is by a
physical configuration of the sound record such as notches or
speed change of the sound record as opposed to control by a
recorded signal as in the indented subclass 17.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
in which the control is effected by a signal or signal
generating element carried by the sound record.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 see (1) Note under the generic subclass 16 for detailed
distinction between subclass 16 and this subclass (17).
92 for motion picture devices employing film carried control
signals without sound accompaniment.
236 for carriers with film carried indicia.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
in which the control is effected by the position of a
normally moving sound transducer in a separate sound recorder
or reproducer.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which the picture recorder or reproducer controls the
sound recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper time
relationship between the picture and sound.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter
in which the sound recorder or reproducer is controlled from
a signal or signal generating element carried by the picture
record.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which the desired time relationship between the operation
of the picture recorder or reproducer and the sound
reproducer is obtained by regulation of the speed of
operation of the units independently of each other.
(1) Note. This subclass may include common or separate
picture and sound carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 15+ for motion picture apparatus where the sound
controls the picture.
subclasses 19+ for motion picture apparatus where the
picture controls the sound.
subclasses 180+ for camera and/or projection drive
mechanism with speed regulation or selection.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which provisions are made for starting the picture
recorder or reproducer and the sound recorder or reproducer
in a predetermined timed relationship.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter
in which there is provision for indicating the time
relationship between the sound and picture recording or
reproducing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 170+ for camera and/or projector drive
mechanisms with indicating means.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter
in which the indication is by means of signals or marks on
the sound and picture record carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for picture carrier with film carried indicia.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including control means for initiating, controlling or
terminating the operation of picture and sound recorders or
reproducers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 174+ for camera and/or projector drive
mechanisms with starting and/or stopping means.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in
which the sound and picture records are located on a common
carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for motion picture systems where the sound and picture
are recorded on separate carriers.
240 for picture carrier with a particular format.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Subject matter
in which the common carrier is a flexible strip.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
in which a single illumination source is employed to
reproduce both the picture and sound records.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter
in which the picture gate and sound transducer are spaced
along the strip whereby the strip passes through a picture
recording or reproducing station and a sound transducer
station at separate times.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter
which comprises means to reduce variations in the speed of
strip movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for camera and/or projector drive mechanisms with speed
regulation or selection.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in
which the picture record and the sound record are on separate
carriers.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter
in which the picture carrier is a flexible strip and the
sound carrier is a disc or cylinder with the recorded sound
being recorded in grooves in the disc or cylinder.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter
having an interconnecting drive between the picture recorder
or reproducer and the sound recorded or reproducer
constructed so as to permit the two units to be relatively
adjustable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for motion picture systems with picture and sound
synchronizing.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
including structure which supports and/or substantially
encloses sound motion picture apparatus and cooperates with
significant portions of this apparatus.
(1) Note. See the search notes below for housings and
supports classified elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for motion picture apparatus generally with housings.
243 for motion picture apparatus generally with supports.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter
in which mechanical means are provided to prevent the
apparatus from recording or reproducing any undesired sound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 200 for mufflers and sound
filters.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in
which a particular special relationship exists between the
picture and sound reproducer and a viewing screen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for a system with a plurality of sound transducers
located at predetermined positions with respect to the screen
to allocate the sound to a particular portion of the
reproduced motion picture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 444 for projection screens with a sound producer
and subclass 445 for acoustical screens.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Record carriers
particularly adapted by reason of construction or specific
arrangement of individual records for recording or
reproducing pictures and related sound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 232+ for motion picture carriers without
provision for carrying sound record.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including process steps for use in the production or
application of motion pictures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for motion picture methods employing sound accompaniment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 162 for chemically defined
radiation imagery product having a sound record.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including steps which utilize a motion picture sequence for
purposes other than the creation of an illusion of motion
such as for example the use of motion pictures to synchronize
an orchestra with a second motion picture or as a motion
analysis instrument.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including steps of reproducing the recorded motion picture
sequence to recreate the illusion of motion.
(1) Note. Methods reciting both recording and exhibiting of
motion picture sequences are classified herein and in the
indented subclasses and are crossed into subclass 44 below if
the recording steps are more than nominally recited.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including steps to regulate or otherwise control the
illumination of the motion picture illumination system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for camera and/or projector drive mechanisms with
illumination control responsive to drive speed.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter
wherein the regulation and control steps comprise a color
filtration of the projector light source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 66+ for apparatus for filtering projector light
sources to render natural color effects.
213 for projector shutters with color filter blades.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including steps for contributing to imparting an illusion of
three dimensional viewing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 57+ for stereoscopic motion picture cameras and
projectors.
86 for motion picture depth illusion apparatus.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including the steps of recording, usually on a photosensitive
surface the plurality of images comprising a motion picture
sequence.
(1) Note. For those processes which recite both the steps of
recording and reproducing of a motion picture sequence see
subclasses 40+ above.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including the filtering of the image bearing light before
reaching the photo sensitive recording surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for methods of controlling the projector involving color
filtration.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including exposing a single motion picture carrier a
plurality of times for each frame of the motion picture
sequence.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including recording a projected image with the subject such
that each scene of the motion picture sequence contains the
recorded projected image as well as the image of the
subject.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for sets with projected picture components.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including steps affecting the subject or recorded image to
produce a motion picture sequence which does not correspond
in all details to the actual action sequence being recorded
or reproduced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 85+ for motion picture special effect
structure.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
including the step of illuminating the subject being
photographed in a controlled manner to produce a desired
motion picture effect.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
in which a series of drawings illustrating an object in
different altitudes of motion are photographed to provide an
illusion of a motion sequence.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
in which the drawing series is made using photographs or
photos:graphic images as guides.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
in which a drawing is moved or manipulated to provide for
more than a single representation of an attitude of motion.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
in which the camera is moved during the recording of the
motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
in which a puppet is moved to simulate various attitudes of
movement of an animated object or person, each position or
attitude of movement being recorded as an element of movement
of a motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter
including the steps of supplying printed titles to accompany
the motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including processes for treating the recorded picture or for
performing nonphotos:graphic work or the carrier such that
the carrier is altered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for apparatus which performs some work on or otherwise
treats the film in addition to recording or reproducing this
motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the picture sequence includes pairs of
individual picture elements having separate perspectives
corresponding to the perspective offered by the right and
left eyes of the viewer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for devices creating an illusion of three dimensional
viewing without employing separate left-right images.
129 for stereoscopic viewing apparatus with the illusion of
motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclasses 42+ for stereoscopic television
systems.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 6 and 7 for
stereoscopic still picture projectors.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 462+ for stereoscopes and stereoscopic systems.
396, Photography, subclasses 324+ for stereoscopic still
cameras of the class type.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
in which the right eye perspective image and the left eye
perspective image are recorded upon and reproduced from a
common picture frame.
(1) Note. The systems classified herein employ images which
are broken into small incremental areas and coextensively
fill the same frame area. Systems which record the complete
images in smaller frames so that they are placed in a
standard frame are classified according to other features of
the system.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
in which the right eye perspective is recorded on or
reproduced from a film strip different from the associated
left eye perspective.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 60+ for the simultaneous recording or
reproducing of left-right images in stereoscopic motion
picture equipment.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
in which the right and left eye images are recorded or
reproduced simultaneously.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for stereoscopic motion picture equipment wherein the
right and left perspectives are recorded on or reproduced
from separate film strips.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
in which the left and right perspective images are channeled
to the proper eye of the viewer by virtue of the physical or
optical properties of the projection screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 443+ for projection screens generally.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
including means to record or reproduce the individual
left-right picture elements alternately in a sequence.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
in which a viewing device driven in synchronism with the
projector limits the vision of the viewer to the appropriate
image by permitting by permitting passage of light to each
eye alternately.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 462+ for stereoscopic systems.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
in which the film strip guide means moves the film strip to
cooperate with the objectives imaging the left and right
perspectives alternately.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter
including a reflecting system mounted in front of the
objective lens of the device which establishes the left-right
perspective of the device.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for recording a plurality of image
sets on a photos:graphic film of a monochromatic base, or
reproducing such image sets, the individual pictures of each
set representing an intensity image of the scene photographed
corresponding to a particular color which is different from
the color of the other images of the set.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for color shutters with light modifying blades.
234 for strip type color picture carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 31 for multicolor
still picture projectors.
396, Photography, subclasses 305+ for color still cameras
utilizing monochrome film.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for natural color
process, composition, and product.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein individual filtered light images are simultaneously
recorded or reproduced.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which one picture of the motion picture sequence is
recorded or reproduced during the change period of the
preceding picture so as to effect alternate projection from
separate carriers or separate areas of a common carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 133+ for alternate projection of motion picture
film strips from separate projectors.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for recording or reproducing a single
motion picture sequence from a plurality of angularly
separated view points such that the individual pictures
cooperate to produce the illusion of a continuous picture of
greater angular extent than any of the constituent pictures.
(1) Note. This subclass is limited to those devices which
employ angular scanning or plural optical systems to cover
the field of view. For extreme wide angle lenses see Class
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 642+, particularly subclasses 668+ for anamorphic
lenses. Motion picture devices which are useable with this
type lens in addition to normal optics are classified in this
class, subclass 79.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 57+ for stereoscopic motion picture cameras and
projectors.
86 for depth illusion effects in motion picture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, subclasses 20+ for panoramic cameras.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter
including means to record or reproduce the motion picture
sequence as a plurality of simultaneously recorded or
reproduced picture frames containing contiguous segments of
the picture scene.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
in which means are provided to control the illumination at
the edges of the individual picture frames to effect a
projected motion picture sequence, which frames are projected
slightly overlapped such that the combined picture is of
uniform light intensity.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the motion device employs a film strip housed
in a removable enclosure containing both a supply and a
take-up spool such that the entire enclosure including the
spool is removable and insertable as a unit.
(1) Note. To be classified herein a patent must have
significant motion picture structure as the cooperation of
two photos:graphic elements such as a lens and a gate, or the
details of one such element such as a gate. Patents which
merely recite such an element broadly as a part of a magazine
combination are classified in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning,
or Guiding. If only the construction details of the magazine
are recited the patent is classified in Class 220.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for motion picture structure with housings generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 326+ and
335+ for a coil of machine convertible information bearing
carrier mounted in a magazine, termed a "cartridge" in Class
242.
396, Photography, appropriate subclasses for cameras using
roll film in a removable magazine.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
in which the motion picture device may selectively employ
spooled film not contained in an enclosure.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
including structure to disengage or eject the magazine from
the remaining motion picture apparatus.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
including means to close the film strip enclosure to light
during removal and insertion of the film enclosure unit.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter
wherein the light closure includes separate structure to
close the normally open light admitting apertures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 204+ for motion picture shutters generally.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
including means to permit the accurate indexing of the film
gate in the focal plane of the motion picture device.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter
including details of the film strip enclosure.
(1) Note. For classification here the magazine must be
claimed with other motion picture details. See the search
notes below for magazines, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, especially subclass 4.01 and 352+ for
details of construction of the enclosure for film strip
spooling means.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 326.2, 341+,
and 348+ for particular magazine construction, termed a
cartridge in Class 242.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to permit the recording or
reproduction of picture carriers or frames having different
physical dimensions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for film gates with removable or interchangeable
aperture plates.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter
including means to permit the use of a plurality of film
strips having different edge to edge dimensions.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the time sequence pictures are physically
located together in a common frame and are optically
separated to form the successive motion picture
presentations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for composite stereoscopic cameras and/or projectors.
67 for color cameras and/or projectors using monochrome
film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 454 for
changing exhibitor with lenticular lens, and subclasses 427+
for a special effect created in a like manner.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the individual pictures of the motion picture
sequence are arranged in rows which extend transversely
across a film strip picture carrier.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the film strip picture carrier has the
individual elements of the motion picture sequence arranged
in sequence in a plurality of longitudinal columns.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to record a motion picture sequence at
a time rate substantially different from the normal range of
such recording rates such that the motion may be reproduced
in an altered time relationship by reproducing the sequence
at a normal projection rate.
(1) Note. As an indication of the order of magnitudes time
compression recording at framing rates less than 1 frame per
second, may be termed time lapse cinematography; while time
expansion recording at framing rates in excess of 100 frames
per second, may be termed high speed cinematography.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means auxiliary to the motion picture camera
or projector to record or reproduce an illusionary effect
other than motion, such as special camera motion, the
illusion of surroundings other than of the filming local, or
special accompaniment such as scent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 1+ for special motion picture effects with sound
accompaniment.
5 and 38+, for methods of producing special effects.
subclasses 57+ for stereoscopic cameras and/or projectors.
subclasses 66+ for color camera and/or projectors using
monochrome film.
subclasses 69+ for panoramic type motion pictures.
217 for dissolve shutters, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
for miscellaneous optical elements and systems.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclasses 57+ for an
illusion or stage device appropriate therefor and not of a
motion picture type.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
providing an illusion of relief from a single motion picture
sequence.
(1) Note. The devices herein classified produce an illusion
of relief from a picture of a single perspective.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 57+ for motion picture devices employing frames
taken from two perspectives corresponding to the right and
left eye view of the observer, i.e., stereoscopic devices.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
for creating an illusion of motion of inanimate objects by
facilitating the successive photographing of the objects in
various positions representing phases of the illusionary
motion.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
including means to simulate a local other than the
photographing location or to provide for additional scenery
in the actual local.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 6+ for
a building with a theater stage.
396, Photography, subclasses 1+ for nonmotion picture
photography studios.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclasses 75+ for a
stage apparatus or setting appropriate therefor and not of a
motion picture type.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
in which a portion of the set is an optically projected
picture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for recording motion picture methods involving a
projected picture component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 28, 29 and 30 for
related still picture projectors.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 443+ for projection screens.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
including means to provide the motion picture sequence with
indicia to accompany the motion picture sequence such as
explanatory text.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter
including means to change from one motion sequence to another
with a blending of picture material of the two sequences.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for shutters which progressively alter the exposure to
produce dissolves.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter employing a motion picture film strip with control
signals in addition to the individual pictures which are
sensed or recorded to control, or in response to, the
operation of the motion picture device or other associated
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
236 for motion picture carriers with film carried indicia.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which a motion picture camera combines a plurality
of fields of view, separated by areas which are not
photographed, into plural motion picture sequences on common
frames.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, subclass 107.1 for phenomenal optical
recorders with plural fields of view.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, subclasses
224+ for radiation marking.
396, Photography, subclasses 322+ for plural image
recording for nonmotion picture cameras which may have plural
fields of view.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including an auxiliary optical device to cause light
from outside the normal field of view of the lens to be
focused upon the picture carrier.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter shaped in the form of a firearm usually for the
purpose of determining manipulation of the simulated firearm
by inspection of the motion pictures produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for motion picture devices supported on firearms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
42, Firearms, subclass 1.01, for dummy firearms.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter for exhibiting motion picture sequences stored on an
opaque motion picture carrier by means of optically
projecting the motion picture sequence.
(1) Note. Generally, motion picture film is opaque at the
time of exposure but is processed to a transparent base with
pictures in varying degrees of opacity or translucency. The
projectors classified here are especially equipped to project
motion picture sequences from carriers which are completely
opaque with the pictures formed with varying degrees of
reflectivity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for opaque motion picture carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 63 and 65 for still
picture opaque projectors.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which a plurality of film strips are fed through
this camera or projector gate in a face-to-face or
back-to-face relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 35 for a still
picture projector with superimposed film strips.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to record or reproduce a motion
picture sequence upon separate plates such that each picture
element or groups of picture elements are recorded on or
reproduced from separate carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 232+ for motion picture carriers generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 103 for a still
picture projector having means to move individual slides.
396, Photography, subclasses 360+ for still cameras which
employ photography on successively changed photos:graphic
plates contained in a magazine.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
in which the picture carrier plates are attached together or
to a common support by one edge and are successively brought
into recording or viewing position by successively angularly
indexing the individual carriers, as turning the leaves of a
book.
(1) Note. The successive action is generally accomplished by
bringing a rigid stop against the carrier edge opposite the
mounting edge and forcing the stop and carriers past one
another the natural resiliency of the carrier or the mounting
providing for the successive indexing of the carriers as they
are freed from the stop.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
in which the individual pictures are placed along the path of
travel of the observer and are successively presented to view
of the observer as he proceeds along the path of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 584+ for
individual display devices placed along a traveled path.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the individual picture elements are carried
on a drum and are successively brought into recording or
viewing position by manipulation of the drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for motion pictures with sound accompaniment which are
drum carried and repeat the motion picture sequence
cyclically.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the individual picture elements are carried
on a disc carrier which are angularly indexed to record or
reproduce the motion picture sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for motion pictures with sound accompaniment which are
disc carried and which repeat the motion picture sequence
cyclically.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
in which the pictures are arranged around the rotation axis
of the place or disc and the pictures are spaced from the
axis along either an increasing or decreasing radius such
that each picture is at a different distance from the center
than the preceding picture.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the motion picture projection apparatus is
structurally combined with the cooperating projection surface
and means to exclude the light from the projection path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 18, 67, and 74 for
cabinet type still picture projectors.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 443+ for projection screens.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a continuously moving carrier and optical
means to produce a periodic displacement of the optical axis
of the motion picture camera or projector at a rate which
corresponds to the carrier movement such that intermittent
pictures are recorded on or projected from the continuously
moving carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for camera and/or projector drive mechanisms for
continuous film movement.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes both moving reflectors
and refractors.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes a rotating disc of
individual reflectors at different angles to the axis of
rotation, or includes a single reflecting surface which has a
varying angle of inclination to the rotational axis of the
disc.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes a plurality of reflectors
rotating about a fixed axis parallel to the reflectors'
surfaces.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes a reflector which is
angularly displaced about a fixed axis which is parallel to
the surface of the reflector.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes reflector means which
follows the path of the continuously moving picture carrier
for a portion of the carrier's travel.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter
in which the reflecting means includes a plurality of
individual reflectors.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter
in which the individual reflectors are angularly adjusted as
they track the film strip.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
in which the optical means includes a refracting means which
is cyclically moved to compensate for the relative film and
image movement.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
in which the refracting means includes a plurality of
sequentially operable lenses for recording or projecting the
motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter
in which the plural lenses are carried on a rotary carrier.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
in which the refracting means includes a plurality of
refractor elements which are mounted on a rotary carrier, the
elements sequentially cooperating with a fixed refractor to
form a complete lens system for recording or projecting the
image.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
in wherein the plural refractor elements comprise a group of
lens elements carried on a rotary drum so that the optical
axes of the lens elements intersect the rotational axis of
the drum.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
wherein the plural refractor elements comprise a group of
lens elements carried on a rotary disc such that the optical
axis of the lens elements is parallel to the axis of rotation
of the disc.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
in which the refracting means includes a rotating prism with
plane parallel optical faces.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
in which the plano-parallel prism has but two faces.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for recording a plurality of exposures
at other than a motion picture rate upon a single actuation
of the camera.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for motion picture cameras with time compression or
expansion.
175 for motion picture camera drives taking a motion picture
sequence of predetermined duration in response to a single
actuation.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
including means to sever or perforate the film strip at the
conclusion of the series of photographs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, for cutting devices and processes generally.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for exhibiting a motion picture film
strip selected from a plurality of film strips stored
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for motion picture devices which select one of a plurality
of sound accompanied motion picture records.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to reverse the direction of film strip
feed such that the film strip is returned to its initial
spooled condition subsequent to recording or reproducing a
motion picture sequence.
(1) Note. Rewinding generally takes place with the other
parts of the motion picture device inoperative except as
provided for in the search this class, subclass note below,
and is generally a continuous film motion rather than an
intermittent motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for subject matter in which the rewinding is performed
simultaneously with the projection of another film strip.
173 for intermittent film drives which drive the film in two
directions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 49
for selectively reversible material feed generally.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+,
particularly subclasses 325.3 and 333+.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
in which the rewinding is performed simultaneously with the
projection of another film strip.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter employing a film strip picture carrier which is joined
end-to-end to form a continuous loop.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for motion pictures with sound accompaniment which are
carried on an endless carrier and repeats the motion picture
sequence cyclically.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
in which the film strip loop is supported on a plurality of
guides to provide a film path with a plurality of adjacent
loops.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
in which the continuous film strip loop is wound into a
single coil such that the film strip is wound on the outside
of the coil as film is played out from the center or
vice-versa.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 325+ for
means to repeatedly utilize an endless strip without
rewinding, subclasses 328+ for means for avoiding rewinding
by unwinding from the center of a supply coil, and subclasses
329+ for means for unwinding into the inner convolution of a
take-up coil.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the pictures of the motion picture sequence
are on a film strip, and viewed as motion pictures directly
or with a simple magnifier.
(1) Note. The viewers here classified permit the picture
sequence to be viewed with the illusion of motion. In some
the film may be stopped and the individual frames examined.
The class referenced in the Search Class Note below provides
for film viewers without the illusion of motion. This
subclass also provides for stereoscopic viewers with the
illusion of motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 361 for film
strip viewers of nonmotion picture film strips. See (1) Note
above.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 462+, for stereoscopic systems and viewers in
general.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means for treating, processing, or
performing a nonmotion picture type work upon the motion
picture carrier during the recording or reproduction of the
motion picture sequence on or from the carrier.
(1) Note. To be classified herein the additional treatment
or work performed on the picture carrier must alter the
carrier or a characteristic thereof as for example cleaning,
lubricating, or perforating the carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 100
for motion picture film cleaning devices.
83, Cutting, all subclasses for cutting and punching of film
stock.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 157 for methods of motion picture film splicing,
and subclasses 507+, for apparatus for splicing motion
picture films.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 31 for film reel
containers with humidifying or vapor treatment of motion
picture film.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
212+ for devices to remove static charges from motion
picture film.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclasses 625+ for chemical processing
motion picture film.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein the motion picture device is combined with
other devices or structures having an added purpose or
independent utility other than to perfect the motion picture
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for combined motion picture cameras and projectors.
243 for motion picture devices combined with supports.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclasses 97+ for television combined
with motion picture cameras.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
in which the motion picture device is combined with a mobile
carrier to transport persons as well as the motion picture
equipment.
(1) Note. To be termed a vehicle for purposes of
classification herein the structure must accommodate a person
as well as the motion picture apparatus. Thus a camera riding
dolly is classified here while mere camera dollies are
classified in subclass 243 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for mobile camera supports for the camera alone. (See
(1) Note above).
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including two or more motion picture cameras or
projectors or one or more motion picture cameras and one or
more motion picture projectors which cooperate one with the
other to produce a single motion picture sequence or
presentation.
(1) Note. The motion picture devices may operate either
sequentially or simultaneously to produce a single sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for sound accompanied motion picture devices which are
sequentially operated.
subclasses 136+ for convertible motion picture equipment.
201 for plural projectors one of which projects a picture
sequence and the other illuminates the screen during the
change cycle of the picture projector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for switching systems to control the
transmission of electrical power to plural projectors.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 102 for the
sequential control of electric projection motors.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter
including plural projectors which share a common illumination
source.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter
including plural projectors whose shutter mechanisms are
synchronized to alternately project motion picture frames
from each of the projectors.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which selectively performs two dissimilar functions by
appropriate rearrangement of parts or use of special adaptor
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 131+ for motion picture apparatus combined with
a diverse type device.
133 for plural motion picture cameras or plural motion
picture projectors, or combined motion picture cameras and
projectors.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter
including structure to permit the camera to record a single
picture or upon conversion a motion picture sequence.
(1) Note. The cameras classified here require a
rearrangement of parts or some structural alteration for the
conversion from still to motion picture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for motion picture cameras which selectively record a
single frame or a motion picture sequence.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter
in which the device performs the function of a camera
recording motion pictures or a projector projecting real
images of a motion picture sequence depending on a selected
arrangement of parts.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter in which the lens or film gate is moved to a position
remote from its normal operative position to facilitate the
focusing of the lens.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 380, 410 and 425+ for focusing systems for compound
lens systems such as microscopes and telescopes, subclass 506
for focusing mechanisms and subclasses 823+ for axial
adjustment of a single lens or lens system.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to adjust the relative displacement
between the film gate and the lens to produce the desired
degree of sharpness in the image.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 380, 410 and 425+ for focusing systems for compound
lens systems such as microscopes and telescopes, subclass 506
for focusing mechanisms and subclasses 823+ for axial
adjustment of a single lens or lens systems.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to set the diaphragm in accordance
with the prevailing light conditions to produce the desired
degree of exposure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 229, for diaphragms and
adjusting mechanisms in combination with photoelectric
detecting devices.
396, Photography, subclasses 213+ for photos:graphic
diaphragms controlled by a photocell.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein one of a plurality of lenses may be
selectively placed in operative relationship with the
remaining motion picture mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, subclasses 73+ for objective focal length
control by moving lenses in or out of the light path.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to prevent combustion of the motion
picture film or to limit the combustion to a small portion of
the film strip.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses 101+, for thermally
responsive indicators generally.
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclasses 19+ and 63 for fire
extinguishers suitable for motion picture devices.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 584 and 577, for
electrical indicating systems responsive to temperature or
flames; and subclass 628 for such systems responsive to gas
or smoke.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
including means to extinguish the combustion of a film by
providing either a passageway for the film of such dimensions
as to freely pass the motion picture film but to limit the
amount of air to a level insufficient to support combustions
or by providing a movable member which moves against the film
under combustion condition.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter
with means to cut the film strip if combustion occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 423 for combined sprocket fed material
and cutting means without motion picture structure.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
with provision for reducing the temperature of the film strip
in the projection gate.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
including means to control the temperature of the film said
means being actuated by stopping the film strip advancing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for projector drive means to advance the film strip an
interval of one frame.
subclasses 174+ for projector drive means with starting and
or stopping means.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
in which the reduction in temperature is brought about by
interposing filters which reduce the amount of the light of
longer wave lengths in the projecting light beam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 350+ for filters which are operated in the
infrared range.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
in which the means to prevent combustion of the film strip
includes an opaque shutter or screen which is interposed
between the projection light source and the film strip.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including means to actuate the fire shutter upon sensing a
variation in film tension from the normal tension of the
film.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter
where the sensing of the film tension includes means to
detect a variation in size or position of the untensioned
portion of the film strip.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including means to actuate the fire shutter in response to
the rate of travel of the motion picture film strip.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
in which the actuation of the fire shutter in response to the
velocity of the film feed is through a frictional coupling
driven by the film strip as it is advanced.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter
in which the actuation of the fire shutter in response to the
velocity of film feed is through a centrifugal coupling which
is rotated by the film strip as it is advanced.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter
including means which operates an electrical switch in the
motor or lamp circuit in a motion picture projector in
response to a malfunction of the drive mechanism or to film
breakage.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter employing a take up reel and a supply reel for a film
strip carrier located coaxially.
(1) Note. Generally the devices herein classified cause the
film to be rotated laterally (i.e., twisted) for an odd
number of 180 rotations to facilitate winding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 345.1 for
coaxial coils in a magazine (cartridge), and subclass 356.1
for a particular drive for coaxial coils.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to facilitate the insertion of a film
strip in a motion picture device in a normal drive position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for sound accompanied motion picture devices with plural
sound transducers or transcription devices which are selected
by threading different film paths.
203 for projectors with auxiliary light sources to
illuminate the drive elements during the threading
operation.
subclasses 229+ for motion picture gates which are
adjustable to an open position for film insertion or
extraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
91+ for sheet material threading devices generally.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
including means to cause the film feeding mechanism, upon
insertion of a free end of the film strip, to place the strip
in a normal drive position without further manual
manipulation.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to form a motion picture film strip
into free standing loops upon actuation or upon loss of one
of the loops through malfunction.
(1) Note. A loop as included in this subclass constitutes a
portion of the film strip placed in an untensioned manner
between two drive elements which are relatively fixed, the
portion of the film being longer than the straight line
between the drive elements. This loop or buckled length of
film minimizes drive variations from being transmitted by the
film through tensional stresses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for sound motion picture devices employing
loops between the picture gate and the sound head.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 36
for devices where the movement of the fed material is
regulated by the adjustment or formation of a loop.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to adjust the relative position of a
film strip and the projection gate such that a frame of the
motion picture is in registry with the gate, and/or means
adjusting the shutter or other projector elements in
connection with the adjustment of the strip carrier and
projection gate for eliminating travel ghosts.
(1) Note. The term travel ghosts refers to the projected
picture which results from the shutter exposing the frame
before the frame has come into registry which results in
plural images of the frame being projected with a vertical
displacement.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which the relative adjustment of the film carrier is
effected by altering the length of the strip carrier between
the supply source and the drive means such that the film gate
is positioned adjacent a different portion of the film
carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for motion picture apparatus with loop forming means.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
in which the adjustment of the relative position of film
strip and the gate is effected by moving the gate and film
strip driving mechanism relative to one another.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
including structure to advance or retard the rotation of the
film driving sprocket.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter
including means to adjust the shutter registry simultaneously
with the adjustment of the film drive sprocket.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
including means to effect the correct synchronization of the
shutter and the film strip carrier by advancing or retarding
the registry of the rotary shutter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for shutters with adjustable apertures.
221 for shutters with an adjustable number of blades.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including a source of motive power and/or means to
couple the source to the driven elements such as the shutter
or picture strip in the motion picture device.
(1) Note. The subject matter included in this and indented
subclasses includes the source of motive power (e.g., spring
or electric motors) and the driving connections to a specific
motion picture element (e.g., an intermittent motion picture
film drive) as well as the motor control devices which
control the drive mechanism for specific motion picture
applications. To be classified here there must be a plurality
of motion picture elements recited with cooperation between
the elements or include structural details of a single
element of specific motion picture application (e.g., a film
gate).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 12+ for apparatus to start one drive means in a
predetermined relationship to the stopping of a second drive
means used in sound accompaniment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 640+ for
gearing means to transmit motion from motors to a specific
load.
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, subclasses
37+ for spring motors generally.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, generally
for the feed of material of indefinite length including
motion picture film.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 349+ for a
particular drive for unwinding and rewinding a machine
convertible information carrier; e.g., an image film.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 80+
for electric motors and associated gearing for motion
conversion purposes.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 9+ for
electric motor control systems and associated gearing driving
a particular element.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means to regulate the intensity of the projection
light source in response to the speed of the film transport
mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 152+ for auxiliary fire shutters to interrupt
the light and being responsive to film transport speed.
subclasses 198+ for projector light sources specifically
adapted for motion picture projectors.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
having more than one source of motive power, either contained
within the device or substitutable for one another.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
constructed to selectively interrupt the drive mechanism of
the motion picture apparatus after a single cycle of
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for motion picture cameras convertible to still camera
by suitable rearrangement of parts.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means to indicate to the operator of the camera or
projector information pertaining to the operation of the
drive mechanism, (e.g., motor spring tension, position of the
shutter, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for motion picture with sound accompaniment and including
a synchronizing indicator.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein the indication appears in the view finder of the
device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, subclass 296 for still cameras with a
generic camera indicator visible in a view finder.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein the indicating means shows either the amount of film
fed, or the amount remaining to be fed by the drive
mechanism.
(1) Note. Signals indicating the exhausting of the film or
beginning of the photo sensitive area of the film are not
considered as footage indicators, but are classified in
subclass 170 or subclass 171 above.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which means are provided to cause the film strip to be
advanced in a direction opposite to its normal direction.
Such that the motion sequence comprises pictures representing
time intervals with reverse relationship to the actual action
sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for mechanisms to reverse the direction of film movement
during the production of transitional exposure techniques.
124 for mechanisms to rewind the film after projection or
exposure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
49+ for the devices to reverse selectively the direction of
film feed.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+,
particularly subclasses 325.1 and 333+ for a reversible drive
for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information
carrier; e.g., an image film.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means to start and stop the operation of the drive
mechanism as by starting or stopping the motive power source,
connecting or disconnecting a coupling means, or engaging or
disengaging a driven element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for
means for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier, particularly subclasses 333+ for a
particular automated stop or reversal device and subclass 357
for a detector or indicator.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
which includes means to limit the duration of the run of the
drive mechanism to advance a predetermined amount of film or
operate for a predetermined length of time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for
means for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier, particularly subclasses 333+ for a
particular automated stop or reversal device and subclass 357
for a detector or indicator.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
including means to operate the starting or stopping means in
response to a predetermined condition (e.g., position, speed,
etc.) of other elements of the camera or projector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 143+ for fire prevention devices which stop the
operation of a motion picture projector in response to film
position or speed to prevent fire.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
in which the element effecting operation of the starting or
stopping means is responsive to the shutter.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
wherein the starting and/or stopping means is operated by
manual manipulation of a control element.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein the manual control element is located remotely from
the motion picture device.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means to prevent variations in the speed of
operation of the drive mechanism or to regulate to a
predetermined speed of operation of the mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for motion pictures with sound synchronizing by speed
regulation.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter
in which the regulation or selection means includes an
oscillating mechanical stop means.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter
in which the regulation or selection means includes a member
frictionally engaging a driven element to slow the speed of
said driven element.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including at least one driven, endless, flexible member which
engages the film strip to provide for movement of the strip.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 for motion picture apparatus employing two film strips
which are fed in superimposed position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
74+ and 117 for flexible belt moving means of general
application.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means to advance the film strip continuously
together with means to periodically stop the film strip.
(1) Note. Classified here are motion picture mechanisms in
which the means to stop the film includes a fixed stop means
which cooperates with the drive in such a manner that a
buckle of film is formed between the advancing means and the
stop, the resilient collapse of the buckle serving to advance
the film strip.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 39
and 121 for general purpose feeding apparatus which regulates
material by contacting the fed material.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including an oscillating means to periodically engage and
lengthen a loop of film strip which is otherwise being
continuously shortened by other drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
113+ for plural material moving means generally including a
bight former.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which a continuously driven sprocket is mounted for
reciprocating movement such that the reciprocating motion
just cancels the driving motion in one direction of
reciprocation and adds to the sprocket motion in the other
direction so as to produce an intermittent motion of the
driven film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
76+ for material advancing structure generally including a
rotating sprocket engaging modifications in the material.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
in which the power source drives the motion picture film
through an intermittently rotated toothed drum or disc which
engages perforations in the film strip.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
76+ for material advancing structure including a rotating
sprocket engaging modifications in the material.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter
in which the sprocket is driven by means of a rotating
element with a groove corresponding to periods of sprocket
rotation and dwell, and a cooperating following element.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter
in which the sprocket is advanced by means of a gear pair
including one member with radial slots jointed by arcuate
portions and a second member including a peg member which
cooperates with the radial slots to drive the first member
intermittently upon rotation of the said second member and
further comprising a curved portion which cooperates with the
said arcuate portions of the said first member to index said
first member against rotation when not engaged by said peg
member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 436 for Geneva
mechanisms, per se.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
76+ for material advancing sprocket mechanisms of general
application.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter
where the driving means includes a special gear pair which
because of an irregular shape or toothing arrangement drives
the sprocket in a nonuniform fashion with a uniform rotation
of one of the gears of said pair.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including a reciprocating member, a projection on said member
to engage longitudinally spaced perforations in a motion
picture film, and means to withdraw the projection from the
film on alternate carrier strokes to effect an intermittent
advance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
62+ for material advancing structure generally involving
feed claws which engage perforations in the advanced
material.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
where the reciprocating member with the film engaging
projection is actuated by an eccentric crank pin which is
journaled in the reciprocating member.
(1) Note. The crank pin drives as classified here have a
driving connection which is not displaced relative to either
the carrier or the driving member. Film engaging claws which
are driven with an eccentric member with relative
displacement between the claw and eccentric member are
considered cams and are classified in subclasses 194+.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter
including a guide to determine the path of reciprocation of
the member with the film engaging projection, the guide
comprising a pivoted link or fixed slot which cooperates with
a slot engaging follower.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
in which the driving means for the member with the film
engaging projection includes a cam and cam follower.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter
in which the claw driving cam has a claw controlling cam
contour in the form of a groove, generally of uniform depth,
lying in one side of the cam which is at right angles to the
axis of rotation of the cam.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter
which includes a single fixed pivot which together with the
cam determines the path of reciprocation of the film engaging
projection carrier.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including support means as defined in subclass 243 below for
the motion picture apparatus which cooperates with the drive
mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 34+ for supports including sound motion picture
structure.
132 for motion picture apparatus supported by a vehicle as
there defined.
243 for supports generally combined with significant motion
picture structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, for support structure generally, and
especially subclass 637, for projection machine supports.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to provide or regulate the
illumination in motion picture projectors.
(1) Note. The projection light sources as here classified
include a light source together with some motion picture
structure such as a gate or shutter. Class 362, Illumination,
provides for illumination generally.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for sound motion picture apparatus where the same light
source is employed for the projection of the picture as well
as for the sound transducer.
134 for plural motion picture projectors with a single light
source.
167 for motion picture projection apparatus with means to
effect a control of the intensity of the projection light
source in response to the drive speed.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
wherein there is a specific relationship between the
projection light source and the motion picture shutter, such
as the illuminating source being excited by an electric
signal synchronized with the rotation of the shutter.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
in which the light source is cyclically extinguished to
effect an intermittent projection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, especially
subclasses 209+, for lamps with interrupted power supply.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
including means to project a light on the screen during frame
change or to provide a border around the projected picture so
as to minimize the differences in screen illumination during
periods of projection and picture change.
(1) Note. The light projected on the screen during frame
change by the devices herein classified bears no image.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for motion picture projectors which project a picture
from a separate film during the frame change of the first
film.
134 for plural projectors with a single light source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 61 for special
stage lighting operated other than by a projector.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
in which means are provided to cool the light source by means
of a directed flow of air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for shutters which serve to cool the film as well as
interrupt the light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 294, for structure for projector
light sources with ventilation and cooling where no
significant motion picture structure is claimed.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter
including an additional light source distinct from the
projection light source to illuminate the projecting
apparatus or portions thereof to facilitate, for example,
threading the film.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including means to cyclically interrupt the light from
the illuminator in the projector or to the sensitized carrier
in the camera.
(1) Note. The light interruption is generally timed so as to
occur during the movement of the picture carrier; although in
projectors there are frequently light interruptions of
integrally higher rate than the carrier movement rate to
reduce flicker.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for removable magazine type cameras with shutter type
light traps.
149 for motion picture apparatus with auxiliary fire
shutters.
164 for framing and/or travel ghost elimination with shutter
synchronization; and subclass 165, for framing or ghost
elimination structure involving shutter adjustment.
177 for drive mechanisms with shutter operated starting
and/or stopping.
198 for projection light sources synchronized with the
shutter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 227+ and 238+ for light valves generally.
396, Photography, subclasses 452+ for camera shutters.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
including a plurality of light paths and wherein the shutter
interrupts the light passage along the plurality of light
paths.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter
in which one of the light paths is employed as a view
finder.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
in which the shutter moves in a rectilinear direction across
the light path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, subclasses 483+ for sliding shutters used
in still photography.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter
in which the light interrupting means moves in an arcuate
direction across the light path about a fixed axis in either
a continuous or an oscillatory fashion.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
in which the light transmitting portion of the shutter is
adjusted in size in accordance with the speed of the shutter
rotation.
(1) Note. The shutters of this subclass generally are so
constructed as to vary the shutter aperture to keep the
exposure of a light sensitive carrier constant despite
variations in the drive speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 152+ for shutters which close or stop in a
closed position in response to a slow shaft speed for the
purpose of fire prevention.
216 for shutters with manual adjustment of aperture.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
in which the light interrupting areas of the shutter include
openings or blades have particular edge configurations which
are adapted to interrupt the light in accordance with the
particular blade construction at a rate different from an
opaque sector blade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 212+ for shutters which intercept the light at a
radial shutter rate but which modify the light beam as to
intensity or some other optical parameter.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
in which the light interrupting means includes means causing
a flow of air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 for projection light sources with ventilation and
cooling.
subclasses 212+ for ventilation in motion picture apparatus
for film cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 294 for cooling and ventilating
systems in projectors generally.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
in which the shutter includes means to alter the light rather
than, or in addition, to completely block the passage of the
light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
355, Photocopying, subclasses 125+ for vignetters, per se,
and adapted for use in photos:graphic contact printing.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 885+ for optical filters.
396, Photography, subclass 545 for vignetters used with
still cameras.
399, Electrophotography, subclasses 9+ for diagnostics,
subclasses 38+ for controls, and subclasses 177+ for
exposure.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
in which the light modifying blades include means to alter
the color content of the light.
(1) Note. These shutters are usually used in color cameras
or projectors using monochrome film.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for exhibiting methods with color filtration.
subclasses 66+ for color cameras and/or projectors using
monochrome film.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
in which the shutter includes a plurality of blades normally
rotating about, but spaced along a common axis, each spaced
blade or blade groups having a separate drive.
(1) Note. The shutters classified here have plural blades
which normally move relative to each other, or due to their
optical positioning have an effective relative motion. If
such plural blades are clamped together contiguously and have
no relative motion, they are classified in subclasses 208+
above or in subclasses 219+ below.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
in which the light interrupting blades move in opposite
directions.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
which includes means to adjust the relative position of the
blades while the shutter is in operation so as to alter the
size of the light passing aperture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for devices which control the shutter aperture in
response to variations in exposure parameters.
209 for rotary shutters whose aperture size is speed
adjusted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, subclasses 213+ for devices which adjust
photos:graphic shutters in response to variation of exposure
parameters.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
in which the aperture adjustment means is controlled by a
power driven means operated by the drive of the motion
picture mechanism so as to effect the adjustment at a
predetermined rate relative to the position of the motion
picture carrier.
(1) Note. In this subclass the aperture size is varied with
time while in subclass 209 above the aperture size is varied
with the shutter velocity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for similar exposure or projection effects which are
caused by apparatus which is auxiliary to the motion picture
device.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
which includes a plurality of blades which rotate about
separate spaced axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for a shutter including a plurality of rotating blades
spaced along the same axis.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
wherein the blades form a unitary structure at right angles
to the axis of rotation.
(1) Note. The light interrupting means is considered a
unitary structure if its component parts are relatively fixed
in operation and have a common drive. Subclass 214 above
provides for axially spaced independently driven blade.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter
in which the number of blades may be changed, as by adding or
removing blades or superimposing blades to effectively reduce
the number.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including structure in the optical path which
positions the motion picture carrier, usually a film strip,
in the focal plane of the optical means, and masks the
carrier edges such that a single picture area (i.e., a frame)
is presented to the optical path.
(1) Note. Usually the gate includes an apertured or aperture
plate for framing which has one surface conjugate to the
focal plane and a pressure exerting plate usually for
positioning the carrier, in relation to said surface.
(2) Note. This subclass 221 includes all gates for carriers
other than the film strips as well as film strip gates not
provided for below. The indented subclasses below are limited
to gates for film strip picture carriers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 27+ for sound accompanied motion picture
apparatus with film gates which have provisions for sound
transducers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 23, 24, 95, and 96
for an image projector having a film gate.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
wherein the motion picture film is maintained in position
against the gate by a liquid or gas.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
in which the positioning means includes rollers which contact
the motion picture film strip.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
including structure cooperating with the marginal portions of
the motion picture film strip for maintaining the strip in
proper lateral position in the gate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 548.2 for a
guide that directs an edge of an elongated material during
convolute winding and subclass 615.3 for a guide that directs
running material by confining a portion of the moving
material.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
including a pressure plate which is cyclically moved in
relation to the aperture plate so as to exert an intermittent
pressure upon the motion picture film.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
in which the aperture plate is removably mounted in the
remaining film gate structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for apparatus employing changeable aperture
plates such that picture carriers with different size frames
may be accommodated.
130 for apparatus employing aperture plates replaceable with
cleaning means to clean the motion picture film.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
in which means are provided to adjust the pressure applied to
the motion picture film by the pressure plate.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
in which the gate includes motion picture film positioning
structure constraining the film to a curved plane
corresponding to the curved focal plane of the lens.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
where structure is provided such as handles and/or means for
facilitating the movement of the gate from operative to or
from inoperative position, or wherein structure is provided
such as a latch for securing the gate in one or both of these
positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 for manual controls for both the gate and the drive
mechanism.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
wherein the gate moving and/or holding structure includes an
element actuated by the operation of the closure of the
motion picture camera or projector housing.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
including a lens mounting in combination with the gate; the
gate supporting or being supported by the lens mounting, or
the gate and lens mounting being integral.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 819+ for lens mountings generally.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including the structure or medium on which the series
of pictures are recorded in the cooperating apparatus (e.g.,
camera) for later observation or reproduction with
cooperating apparatus (e.g., projector).
(1) Note. The subject matter here is usually separate and
distinct from the recording and projecting apparatus, but
requires such apparatus for the recording and reproducing of
the scene. Where the carrier and recording and/or reproducing
apparatus are inseparable or claimed, classification is
usually in one of the above subclasses directed to particular
types of motion picture equipment, e.g., subclasses 98+ and
101.
(2) Note. The subject matter of this subclass (232) includes
some structural limitation adapting the carrier to motion
picture cameras and projectors, as opposed to mere chemical
limitations in such carriers, which are classified in the
Radiation Imagery Chemistry search class note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for picture and sound carriers.
56 for methods of treating or working film strip.
subclasses 98+ for individual picture plate devices. See
also (1) Note above.
130 for motion picture apparatus with film treating or
working structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemically
defined motion picture carriers and processes involving
same.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
wherein the carrier is formed as a tape or strip with
individual elements of a motion picture sequence uniformly
spaced along the strip.
(1) Note. Usually uniformly spaced apertures are provided
for cooperating with the sprocket or claw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for strip type films with a sound record.
56 for methods of treating or working film strip.
59 for stereoscopic apparatus involving plural film strips.
subclasses 166+ for drive mechanisms for film strips.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, subclass 120 for picture
carriers for still projectors.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
wherein the strip carries a series of pictures either in
color or monochrome, which produce with suitable cooperating
apparatus a color picture.
(1) Note. For classification here as opposed to the
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product
Thereof, class, some structural detail is recited in the
claims, or the pictures are arranged in a particular format,
or in motion picture sequence. A film carrying a mere series
of colored pictures not in motion picture sequence is
classified in Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process,
Composition, or Product Thereof,. Mere coloring of the film
to produce a particular tint is not classified here; but in
subclass 233 above if structural limitations are present or
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product
Thereof, if the structural details of the film strip are
absent. Where the film is colored for the purposes of
combining colors to produce noncolored effects such as
stereoscopic, classification is not here, but in subclass 239
or subclass 240 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 40+ and 44+, for methods of color cinematography
with monochrome film.
subclasses 66+ for color motion picture apparatus using
monochrome film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemical natural
color techniques (see (1) Note above).
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
with a strip of nonpicture bearing material on the end of the
picture bearing film used in threading the film strip through
the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 129+ for motion picture apparatus including
structure to thread the leader through the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
91+, for threading devices of general application.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
including a marking carried upon the film strip other than
that pictorially recorded on the film strip and used as
indicia to convey intelligence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for tilting devices which place titles on the film
strip.
92 for motion picture apparatus responsive to film carrier
control signals.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
including structure such as thickened areas or metallic
strips at particular parts of the carrier for strengthening
the carrier at these parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for abrasion resistant picture carriers.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
including structure such as an embossing or coating to
protect the carrier against damage caused by the handling by
the recording or reproducing apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for reinforced picture carriers.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
wherein the picture frames have a particular shape or
arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for picture and sound record carriers.
234 for frames having a particular arrangement for color
effects.
240 for particular picture arrangements within the frame as
opposed to the arrangement of a plurality of frames as in
this subclass 239.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
including some significant subject matter or arrangement of
subject matter recorded within the picture frame of the
carrier (i.e., some subject matter or picture arrangement
other than the conventional series of pictures), each being
slightly changed with respect to the next to contribute to
the illusion of motion.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter here classified are
stereoscopic images; images of different focus, printed
titles, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 85+ for apparatus for producing special effects,
as opposed to the mere carrier of such effects as classified
in this subclass 240 which cooperates with the other
apparatus; and especially subclass 90, for tilting
apparatus.
236 for film carrier indicators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
283, Printed Matter, for printed matter not elsewhere
classifiable.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter
wherein the apertures or depressions cooperating with the
advancing means (such as the claw or sprocket) are arranged
in a particular manner.
(1) Note. For classification here (as opposed to Class 226,
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length) the recited
apertures or depressions are related only to each other or to
the film strip, per se; claims to the combination drive means
plus the film with particular driving apertures are
classified in Class 226, subclasses 52+.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including structure substantially enclosing and
cooperating with significant structure of the motion picture
camera and/or projector.
(1) Note. For classification in this motion picture class
some details of the motion picture apparatus or detailed
relationship between the apparatus and cabinet must be
claimed. Class 312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, especially
subclass 10.1 provides for motion picture cabinets where no
details of the motion picture apparatus or relationship
between the motion picture apparatus and cabinet are
claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 34+ for housings with sound motion picture
apparatus.
subclasses 72+ for removable film strip magazine type
motion picture apparatus.
104 for housings including viewing screens for cooperation
with the housed motion picture apparatus, i.e., cabinet type
projectors.
subclasses 143+ for motion picture apparatus housings
particularly adapted for the prevention of fire damage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclass 10.1 for cabinets
designed to house motion picture apparatus but with no
specific motion picture apparatus cooperating with the
housing being recited. See also (1) Note above.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter including structure for maintaining the motion picture
apparatus in the fixed position or fixed path of movement
(i.e., adjustable) with respect to some other body or the
earth; or including structure facilitating the grasping of
the apparatus for hand held transportation or operation.
(1) Note. Class 248, Supports, especially subclasses 183 and
637 provides for motion picture camera or projector supports
where no significant motion picture structure is claimed. The
mere positive inclusion in the claim of "a motion picture
projector," or equivalent terminology is not sufficient to
preclude classification in Class 248. As between Classes 353,
Optics: Image Projectors and 396, Photography for this class
the positive recitation in the claim of "a motion picture
projector" or "a motion picture camera" or the equivalent
terminology is sufficient for classification in this motion
picture class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 34+ for sound motion picture apparatus together
with supports.
subclasses 85+ for apparatus producing special motion
picture effects which may include a support.
subclasses 131+ for motion picture apparatus supporting or
supported by a diverse type device.
176 for motion picture apparatus wherein the control
therefor is incorporated in or passes through the support.
197 for motion picture apparatus including a support wherein
a drive means for the motion picture apparatus is
incorporated in or transmits its energy through the support.
subclasses 232+ for motion picture carriers.
subclasses 242+ for motion picture apparatus with
housings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 358 and 358.1
for a particular frame or frame attachment in a machine for
unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information
carrier and subclass 539 for a particular frame in a
convolute winding machine.
248, Supports, especially subclass 183.1 and 637 for motion
picture apparatus supports. See also (1) Note above.
348, Television, subclasses 373+ for television apparatus
which may involve cameras with supports.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, for a still picture projector
which may have a support. See (1) Note above.
396, Photography, subclasses 419+ for a still camera
combined with a support.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter which is not provided for in any of the preceding
subclasses of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 38+ for miscellaneous methods of producing or
applying motion pictures.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000