This class corresponds generally in subject matter to optometry, and includes eye examining and vision testing instruments. These instruments must include some optical structure or they must operate in conjunction with the
optical or vision path of the eye. Included also are these instruments combined with eye exercising and/or training devices. Included also are certain accessories such as test charts and/or targets which may involve projection, illuminators and supports which are peculiar to these instruments. Included also are methods of operating or using these instruments and not generally classifiable.
Included also are spectacles and eyeglasses, which may include the frames or mountings, per se, or the frames or mountings with fitted opthalmic lenses. Included also are spectacles and eyeglasses combined with other structural elements when not otherwise classifiable, such as spectacles combined with holders for microphotographs, telescopes or face protecting masks.
Included also are perfecting features with these spectacles and eyeglasses such as antiglare or light absorption, rear view reflectors, decorations moisture prevention or absorption, and supports or holders. Included also are parts of spectacles and eyeglasses when not otherwise classifiable, such as temples, bridges, connectors, lens linings or rims, and nose pads or cushions.
Included also are opthalmic lenses or blanks, including the eye-contact type. Included also are perfecting features in these lenses such as with light filtering or with protecting layers. Included also are methods of making the spectacles and eyeglasses and the opthalmic lenses. Included also are lens repair devices.

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. EYE EXAMINING AND TESTING INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Eye testing instruments and such instruments combined with eye training devices are classified here as a residual home. Eye treatment appliances and methods intended to aid in the diagnosis of diseased eyes or during surgical operations of the eye are elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.
B. SPECTACLE AND EYE GLASS MOUNTINGS COMBINED WITH OTHER STRUCTURE
This class provides for opthalmic lenses combined with the mountings or frames; and also provides residually for such mountings or frames, per se, even when the sole indicated use is to mount nonopthalmic lenses or other structure which may be nonoptical. Examples of such nonopthalmic lenses are in telescopes, microscopes, and general magnifiers; and examples of this other structure are eye shades and goggle components (such as cups, masks, or shields), artificial body members, and electrical hearing aids. However, when these nonopthalmic lenses or other structures are claimed either broadly or specifically with the mounting, classification is not here,
but in the class providing for the particular lens or other structure. See References to Other Classes, below.
As between this class, Class 2, and Class 623 the claiming of opthalmic structure in such example terms as "opthalmic lens", "correcting lens" and "astigmatic lens" is sufficient for classification in this Class 351 regardless of any eye shielding or artificial body structure included. However, as between this Class 351, Class 381, and Class 359 the inclusion of opthalmic structure together with other structure, per se, classifiable in Class 381 and Class 359 is not sufficient to classify in this Class 351.
The term "lens" due to its wide use is not sufficient to control classification. The combination of the lens broadly claimed together with the spectacle- type frame is classifiable in this Class 351 regardless of the indicated use of the lens.
C. GOGGLES
Goggles, which may include frames similar to the opthalmic lens mountings as classified with spectacles, but which in addition, have some structure whose purpose is protection of the wearer from mechanical injury such as cups, masks, shields, or hoods are classified elsewhere (see References to Other Classes). When this goggle structure includes lenses or transparent elements with some optical limitation such as vision correcting or light intensity modifying opthalmic elements, curved, spherical or meniscus lenses, light filters or polarizing lenses, classification is with the spectacles in this Class 351. However the broad recitation of a lens or transparent element is not sufficient to include otherwise goggle structure in this Class 351.
Goggles with no optical limitations but formed as spectacle lens mountings, but omitting any body protection structure, are classified in this Class 351. Where both the optical and body protecting structure are claimed classification is with the spectacles in this Class 351.
D. LENSES
Single lenses or lens combinations are classified elsewhere, and are primarily used in the category of optical instruments such as cameras, binoculars, magnifiers, telescopes, microscopes and oculars, principally for the purpose of forming or projecting a real or virtual image or images. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
In contrast to the above lenses used in instruments the opthalmic lenses including contact lenses classified in this Class 351 act as vision correcting organs and are specially adapted for use in spectacles or eyeglasses for the purpose of producing a clear image in conjunction with the eye lens on the sensitive screen in the eye known as the retina. For example, if the eye is myopic (near-sightedness) a negative
lens is necessary to produce a proper image on the retina, and if the eye is hyperopic (far-sightedness) a positive lens is added to bring the light rays into correct focus on the retina. If the eye is astigmatic a cylindrical lens is added. These opthalmic lenses are essentially useful with the eye lens for aiding and correcting any visual defects of the eye lens.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, appropriate subclasses for goggles including eye shields, bridges, rims and fasteners as component parts thereof. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, C, "Goggles", above, for the line between spectacles and goggles.
2, Apparel, subclass 13 for spectacle attached eye shades and subclasses 10, 11, 12, and 15 provide for other eye shields. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings Combined with Other Structure")
2, Apparel, subclasses 426+ provides for goggles, which may include frames similar to the opthalmic lens mountings as classified with spectacles, but which in addition, have some structure whose purpose is protection of the wearer from mechanical injury such as cups, masks, shields, or hoods. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, C, "Goggles")
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 228 for an eyeglass hinge, per se.
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclass 265 for connectors and attaching devices useable between component parts of spectacle frames.
29, Metal Working, subclass 20 for machines and processes for making spectacle-frames, temples, bridge pieces etc.
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 200 for spectacle gauges such as used for measuring pupillary distances.
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 36-39 for fusion bonding of lenses and reshaping of lens parts during bonding.
70, Locks, subclass 229 and 230 for bolt or screw locking means as for preventing the loosening of screws which interconnect various frame parts or secure rimless lenses in the frame structure.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclasses 5+ for cases or covers for eyeglasses and spectacles which may comprise hinged parts.
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 121+ for brackets, stands or uprights which may support ophthalmic test devices and which may have provisions to move an ophthalmic device relative to the support.
252, Compositions, subclass 299.01 for liquid crystal-containing optical filter compositions, and subclasses 582+ for other optical filter compositions which change their light and visible solar radiations transmittance properties when exposed to emergy and for corresponding filters defined solely in terms of their composition with no claimed significant filter structure.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 51 and 54 for joints between members of ophthalmic mountings wherein the joint comprises a socket type or a ball and socket joint.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 291+ for illuminating means having electric current and/or voltage regulation.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 465 for light polarizing devices, as used in stereoscopic viewing, subclasses 642+ for lenses as used in photography, binoculars and telescopes; subclasses 409+ for opera glass holders; subclass 481 for binocular loupes; subclass 816 for monocular loupes, subclasses 880+ for mirrors mounted before the eye; and subclasses 350+ and 885+ for optical filters.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 409+ for opera glass holders, subclass 481 for binocular loupes, and subclass 816 for monocular loupes. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings Combined with Other Structure")
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 642+ for single lenses or lens combinations, primarily used in the category of optical instruments such as cameras, binoculars, magnifiers, telescopes, microscopes and oculars, principally for the purpose of forming or projecting a real or virtual image or images.
362, Illumination, subclasses 103+ for spectacles combined with illumination means, and subclasses 109+ for ophthalmic instruments comprising illuminating devices.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclasses 68+ for electric hearing aids in spectacle-type mountings, especially subclass 68.5 for spectacles or ophthalmic mountings combined with electrical hearing aid devices. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, B, "Spectacle and Eye Glass Mountings Combined with Other Structure")
403, Joints and Connections, for joints and connections of general application.
411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, subclasses 378+ for screws and bolts of general application; and subclasses 531+ for washers of general application.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per se, wherein the product is an electrical element.
451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for an ophthalmic lens abrading process and subclasses 57+ for an abrading process for plural distinct areas.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclasses 11+ for glass composition; especially subclasses 60+ for lead containing glass composition.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for synthetic resins or natural rubbers, per se, or compositions containing same.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 105+ for contact lens compositions and for certain other compositions containing a synthetic resin or natural rubbers designed to come into contact with living tissue.
600, Surgery, subclasses 398+ and 558 for surgical devices used in the diagnosis of the eye generally and not involving conventional eye testing instruments, or for devices counteracting muscular eye imbalances, or for devices such as moving targets for exercising eye muscels. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, above, for the line between the eye testing instruments of this Class 351 and the surgical instruments of another class of Surgery.
600, Surgery, subclasses 398+ for eye treatment appliances and methods intended to aid in the diagnosis of diseased eyes or during surgical operations of the eye. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, A, "Eye Examining and Testing Instruments Classified Elsewhere", above.

GLOSSARY:
ANISEIKONIA
The inequality in shape and size between the two ocular images seen in binocular vision.
ASTIGMATISM
Defect of vision caused by unequal curvature of the refracting surfaces of the eye.
BINOCULAR COORDINATION
Fusion of the sight responses of both eyes, or correct space perception.
BRACE ARM
A relatively long and slender temple supporting arm or arc substantially identical to the shape of the upper contour edge of a lens.
BRIDGE
The connecting part between the lens supporting members of spectacles or eyeglasses.
CATARACT CORRECTION LENS
A lens, usually with cylindrical correction, to optically compensate for diminution of vision or opacity of the lens of the eye.
CHARTS
A light reflecting or transmitting panel with symbols or pictures of varying size for testing the refraction of the eye.
CHROMATICITY TEST
Determination of the visual sensitivity or adaptation to color.
ELEMENT
Component part of an optical instrument unless otherwise indicated.
EYEGLASSES
Spectacles, pince-nez or other mountings with lenses to correct defects of vision of the human eye.
EYE CONTACT LENSES
Opthalmic lenses that fit over the cornea of the eye and which float on the tear of the eye or are held in place by the eyelids.
FRAME
Mechanical parts, not including lenses, which serve to surround or support or which serve to interconnect elements of the frame.
INTERPUPILLARY DISTANCE
The distance between the centers of rotation of a pair of
human eyes.
LENS
Ophthalmic lens or transparent material in goggles unless otherwise indicated.
LENS REPAIR DEVICES
Structure embracing the broken portion of a lens by a metal or plastic strip so that the lens can be restored to the mounting.
LIGHT POLARIZING LENSES
Lenses comprising a polarizing element which reduces light losses due to reflection.
MOUNTING
A frame structure completely or partially surrounding a lens or utilizing a bridge and nose pads for supporting vision-aids in front of the eyes of a user. This term is broader than "frame", in that it includes the pince-nez type.
MULTIFOCAL LENSES
Fused or onepiece lenses having areas of different refracting powers, usually one area part being intended for distant vision and the other for close work.
MUSCULAR IMBALANCE
Abnormal eye muscle functioning, tending the eyes to cross or diverge.
OPTHALMIC LENSES
Lenses usually mounted in spectacle frames, in eyeglass mountings or in trial frames having cylindrical, spherical or prismatic power for testing or correcting visual deficiencies of the eye. These lenses cooperate with the refracting medium of the eye to form on the retina a clear image of the object viewed, or in strabismus to modify the imbalanced visual axis of the eye to make the eye gradually resume normal status to correctly superimpose deviated images. The lenses may be spherical (plus or minus) to correct for fairly simple defective near or far sightedness, or they may be cylindrical to correct for astigmatism, or they may be prismatic to correct for strabismus, or they may be any of these in combination. The magnification or minification power of these lenses serves primarily to produce clear images on the retina of an eye with poor vision rather than to produce any telescopic, microscopic or pictorial effects.
OPTICS, OPTICAL
The science of light and vision and the construction of optical instruments.
OPTICAL PATH
Imaginary lines passing on the principal and secondary axes from the center of the retina to the object viewed.
OPTOMETRY
The art of investigating vision defects such as refraction and ocular muscle function-defects and correcting or aiding them by optical means such as opthalmic lenses, prisms, muscle training and other optical measures.
PRISMATIC LENS
A light-deflecting medium which diverges or converges the lightrays entering the eyes.
RIM
A grooved-optical element made from metal or plastic material for framing lenses.
SPECTACLES
Instruments for aiding vision consisting of lenses and supports therefor.
STEREOSCOPIC VISION
The ability to perceive distance and the three dimensional properties of a viewed object.
TEMPLES
The parts of a spectacle which are secured to the end of lenses or the frame and maintain the glasses on the user's head.
TRIAL FRAME
Adjustable lens holding frames for supporting lenses interchangeably during vision testing.
VISION CORRECTING
Remedying vision defects by means of sight correcting lenses, eye muscle training devices, etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an ophthalmic element or elements such as a spherical or cylindrical lens, a filter, polarizing element, or prism interposed in the path of vision of one or both eyes for correcting vision defects or abnormalities or protecting the eyes from undesired rays together with structure for positioning or supporting these elements from or on the head of the user in correct operative position.
(1) Note. The lenses of this subclass give usually a particular ophthalmic result in cooperation with the eye as opposed to lens systems such as used in cameras, microscopes or telescopes which may operate independently and without producing a corrective reaction in the eye or its element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for trial frames.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclass 13 for spectacle attached shades, and subclasses 426+ for goggle-type spectacles. See the class definition for the line between spectacles as classified here and goggles as classified in Class 2.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 465 for light polarizing devices as used in stereoscopic viewing, subclasses 466+ for stereoscopic viewers; subclasses 642+ for lenses as used in photography, binoculars and telescopes; subclasses 409+ for opera glass holders; subclass 481 for binocular loupes; subclass 816 for monocular loupes, and subclasses 350+ and 885+ for optical filters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to eyeglass repairing devices whereby a broken lens of a pair of eyeglasses may be temporarily repaired until a new lens is available, as for example a metal member or a transparent wafer strongly clamped onto or cemented to the broken lens parts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177 and 178, for methods of making spectacle lenses and spectacles not otherwise classifiable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter, wherein a light-weight float is removable attached to a spectacle frame for recovering glasses accidentally dropped into the water, or wherein the spectacles are especially adapted for underwater use as to enable the human eye to accommodate for distortionless viewing of objects under water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for spectacles with moisture prevention as absorption.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclasses 426+, and particularly 428+ and 440+ for goggles which protect the eyes from the water.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter, including light absorbing lenses such as polarizing or colored lenses either framed or rimless, to shield the eyes of a wearer from the glare of the sun or from other undesirable or harmful light rays.
(1) Note. For classification here the lenses need not have diopter characteristics, but only general light modifying characteristics such as light filtering, polarizing, or absorbing. See Class 359, subclasses 483+ for polarizers, subclasses 601+ for optical elements and systems for reducing glare and subclasses 885+ for optical filters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclasses 10-15 for eye shades and subclasses 426+ for goggles. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in the Class Definition of this class (351) for the line between the subject matter classified here and in subclasses 426+ of Class 2.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, see (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter, wherein antiglare spectacles are provided with lenses having combined a clear-glass section and a section or sections of different light absorption, the latter covering only a part of the field of sight, so that without imparting the general vision the eyes may be screened from an undesirable light source by a slight movement of the head.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for eye protection devices utilizing polarizing lenses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter, wherein antiglare spectacles comprise semitransparent or opaque plates having adjustable or fixed perforations or slits therein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclass 433 for eye protecting goggles, which may include apertured opaque members, having no significant optical characteristics but being solely for providing mechanical eye protection.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter, including colored or other antiglare filter screens removably or adjustably connected with spectacle frames of various styles or sizes.
(1) Note. The filters or shades may be rimmed or rimless and they may cover portions of the glasses only or the entire glasses. The filters or screens classified here are usually combined with the spectacles. Subclass 13 of Class 2 provides for eye shades, per se, which are attachable to spectacles. Semiopague or tinted transparancies which swing selectively between the shading and viewing position are classified in this subclasses 47+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclass 13 for spectacle attached shades. See also (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter, wherein the filters or screens are securely mounted on or readily attached to spectacles by integral or bridge-type spring means which hold the light absorbing mediums in different operative positions desired by the wearer.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 47 above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter, wherein variable density lenses or viewing screens comprise fixed or adjustable superimposed light polarizing bodies which may be adjusted to filter any amount of light from a predetermined maximum to a predetermined minimum.
(1) Note. The above noted lenses with light polarizing characteristics may be rotatably mounted in one frame of the general shape of a conventional spectacle frame, or may be in a submounting held detachably adjacent and overlying lenses fixed in an ordinary spectacle frame.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 465 for polarizing devices used in viewing stereoscopic pictures; and subclasses 483+ for polarizing devices generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including one or more mirrors together with structure for supporting or attaching the mirror or mirrors on a part of the spectacle to provide rear vision for the spectacle wearer.
(1) Note. For classification here the spectacle must be claimed broadly or specifically with the mirror. For mirrors which are adapted for use with spectacles as by being supported thereon, or attached thereto, no spectacle structure being positively claimed, see Class 248, subclasses 466+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, subclasses 426+, and particularly 438 for goggles which may include rear vision mirrors.
248, Supports, subclasses 466+ for mirrors generally with supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter, wherein a spectacle frame or its ophthalmic lens is ornamented with decorative attachments or inserts.
(1) Note. The above noted ornamental attachments may be colored stripes, decorated plates, pendant jewels or imitations thereof, and may be placed on any selected portion of the spectacle frame or lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for brace arm mountings with detachable brace arm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
63, Jewelry, subclass 1.1 and 2, for combination articles and various jewelry articles.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 3-32 for miscellaneous ornamented articles and subclass 67 for a element embedded in a substrate (e.g., spectacle frame) and visible.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter, wherein the decorative devices are so attached to the various frame or lens parts as to be readily removable therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter is limited to spectacles peculiarly adapted for the aiming of firearms.
(1) Note. Included here are "shooting" spectacles having screens with slots or diaphragms, discs with rotatably and movably arranged openings, adjustable aiming lenses or stenopaic disc apertures.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein spectacles with multifocal lenses may be inverted or turned upside down as a unit, or in which the lenses, per se, may be revolved inside the frame so that bifocal segments may stand at the top or bottom of the lenses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for reversible or axially rotatable temples.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter, wherein the mounting is adjustable to permit vertical movement of multifocal lenses to selectively position the near and distance vision portions in the line of vision.
(1) Note. The adjustment of the lenses may be made by changing the position of the nose pads on their supporting arms or by varying the distance between the pads by moving rotatable portions of the bridge to adjusted positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for spectacles whose lenses are inverted by rotation.
107 for adjustable brace or mountings.
137 for adjustable nose pads or cushions.
148 for adjusting or slidable connectors.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter, including an elongated handle attached to the frame for holding the glasses in the viewing position, the handle constituting the sole support for the glasses in this viewing
position.
(1) Note. The eyeglasses of this type are usually folding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 63+ for foldable spectacles and eyeglasses.
subclasses 155+ for eyeglass supports or holders.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein supplemental lenses or glasses without temples are movably attached to permanent reading or farsight main spectacles.
(1) Note. The above noted supplemental glasses may comprise U-shape or half moon lenses below eye level. They may be pivotable or magnetically attached to normal spectacles. The subject matter does not include supplemental glasses attached to frames without permanent lenses. See subclass 59 for this subject matter. The lenses may be plain glass as for protecting purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 44+ for eyeglasses and spectacles with antiglare or shading structure.
61 for spectacles with U-shape or half-moon lenses below eye level.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclass 481 for binocular loupes and subclass 816 for monocular loupes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter wherein the supplemental lenses or glasses are retained on
the main eyeglasses by spring loaded clamping members or by circumferentially secured friction clips.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 47+ for clip-on antiglare or shading spectacles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein mounted or rimless lenses are movably connected to glassless spectacle frames or glassless support rods to swing from an operative position in the line of vision to an inoperative position above the eyes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 57+ for spectacles including lenses with additional lenses which pivot in and out of the optical path.
60 for spectacles whose lenses are mounted on or suspended from rods or bars, and which may be adjusted along the rod or bar.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein rimless or rimmed lenses are suspended from or mounted on a usually rectilinear rod, or are suspended from or mounted on oppositely extending bars embodying nose engaging means.
(1) Note. The lenses in the above structure may be adjustable in various spaced relations to each other. The points of connection of the lenses and temples with the bar or rod are generally outside of the range of vision.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 57+ for spectacles with auxiliary lenses movable in and out of the optical path.
107 for brace-arm-type mountings with adjustable lenses.
subclasses 133+ for bridges with connectors or straps.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter having lenses of narrow vertical dimension which lie well below the horizontal line of vision and provide unobstructed vision over the top of the lenses.
(1) Note. This subject matter is distinct from and does not include eyeglasses with conventional full size area or multifocal lenses. The lenses here are of approximately one-half or one-third normal lens area and are without lenses at the top.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 168+ for multifocal lenses generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein lens retaining rims are provided with moisture reducing and air-ventilating openings, or wherein a sweat or moisture absorbing cushion is mounted between the lens rims.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for floating or underwater spectacles.
154 for lens linings or rims.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which the frame of the spectacles (usually in the central part of the bridge or temple) may be folded or otherwise adjusted so that portions of the frame, usually the lens
portions are superposed to lie one upon the other, but which are in the same plane and alignment when unfolded and opened for use.
(1) Note. The temples in the above folding spectacles may each consist of two pivotally connected folding portions, or may be made of one short piece generally not longer than the spaced lens rims. However, spectacles where the temples fold on their hinges to lie along the remaining frame structure is not provided for here but in the particular mounting subclasses below.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter limited to folding eyeglasses of the pince-nez-type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 65+ for pince-nez-type glasses generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to eyeglasses which are provided with nose gripping means for supporting the lenses before the user's eyes.
(1) Note. The subject matter here is distinct from and does not include eyeglasses where the support is by temples bearing upon the ears or sides of the user's head. See the indented subclass 66 for pince-nez-type glasses with a temple.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for bridges, nose grips, and nose pads which are intended for use with pince-nez eyeglasses as indicted for example by the pince-nez background of the patent.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for folding pince-nez-type glasses.
subclasses 124+ for bridges generlly, subclasses 131 and 132 for bridges with nose grips or guards; and subclass 132 for bridges with nose pads or cushions.
subclasses 136+ for nose pads or cushions generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein a temple or a chain with a hook is attached to the lens or rim, as for steadying the pince-nez in position or for preventing the glasses from falling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 111+ for temples generally.
subclasses 155+ for spectacles generally with supports or holders.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein rimless or rimmed lenses are connected by a bridge (usually spring) and by a supplemental bridge.
(1) Note. The subject matter here may provide proper adjustment of the tension of the spring bridge, may serve for setting the lenses at the correct pupillary distance, or may be used for shifting the lenses in a vertical plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for a pince-nez having a resiliently extensible bridge.
subclasses 124+ for bridges generally.
227 for bridges in trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the lenses are connected by a bridge which may be extended in length against the biasing action of a spring as where the bridge comprises two arms sliding one beside or within the other together with an expandable spiral spring around the arms to force the lenses nearer together and the nose grips into contact with each side of the nose.
(1) Note. The bridge may extend tangentially along the top edges, behind, or in the plane of the lenses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65 for pince-nez eyeglasses with flexible bridges or bow springs as where the bridge itself is made from flexible material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter including a resilient bridge or a bridge having resilient portions, the lenses being capable of swinging movement so that a separating motion of the nose grips is produced.
(1) Note. The above noted spring-bridges may have loops arranged in front or in the rear of the lens planes whereby the elasticity of the bridge material produces pressure on the nose grip to retain the glasses in position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 126+ for flexible bridges generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Devices wherein the bridge or bow spring, the lens connectors or holders, and the nose guards have a common junction, as by being interconnected within a box by a screw or pin.
(1) Note. In the embodiment here a fastener or locking device may be inserted or forced into the stud-box to prevent loosening or displacement of the frame members.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 140+ for connectors generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or guards are formed of resilient material or are combined with a spring to bias the guards with respect to the bridge to properly engage the nose and retain the glasses thereon.
(1) Note. In the modification here the guards may be actuated by flexible portions in the bow springs, by coil springs interposed between lens mountings and the nose-engaging member, or by moving the lenses forwardly against the resiliency of a bridge portion. However, for classification in this subclass the nose guards must be biased with respect to at least a portion of the bridge which remains rigid. A mere bridge of resilient material and flexible over its length is not provided for here but in the generic subclass 65 above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for continuous rim mountings with adjustable nose guards.

This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Subject matter wherein the nose grips include two finger-engaging lever portions, both being biased as by helical or leaf springs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, for spring structures generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices wherein the grips are supported and/or biased by a strip of flat spiral or leaf-type spring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices wherein pivoting nose grips are activated by springs mounted on the under side of the bridge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Devices wherein the nose grips are actuated by springs which are retained and covered by a hollow cup or barrel.
(1) Note. In the modification here the pivot and spring that actuate the guard lever may be mounted and contained within a recess cut away from a portion of the lens rim.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or pads can be adjusted on their supports in one or more directions so as to fit any shape of nose.
(1) Note. The subclass provides for adjustable nose grips or pads intended for use with pince-nez eyeglasses as indicated for example by the general pince-nez background in the patent. The above nose grips or pads are usually adjustable laterlly and longitudinally and may be secured in the selected position. The modification here includes also nose grips or pads which are rockably connected to the support, or which are made from bendable or flexible material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for pince-nez eyeglasses with spring- biased nose guards, whose spring permits adjustment.
88 for adjustable nose guards incontinuous rim type lens mountings.
137 for adjustable or rockable nose pads or cushions generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the nose grips or pads are connected with the pince-nez bridge or spring by ball-and-socket joints to cause the grips or pads to assume the proper and most suitable position relative to the nose.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 140+ for spectacle and eyeglass connectors generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein resilient, soft or padded elements are attached to the metallic nose grips or guards which wear on the nose of a wearer to support pince-nez- type eyeglasses.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for nose pads or cushions intended for use with pince-nez eyeglasses as indicted for example by the general pince-nez background in the patent.

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132 for bridges combined with nose pads or cushions.
136 for nose pads or cushions generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter in which a supplemental pad or supplemental nose engaging portions are provided on the main bearing pad for increased gripping action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the nose pads or the supporting guards are provided
with means whereby the pads may be readily attached or detached for removal or replacement.

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138 for detachable nose pads or cushions generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the exposed faces of the nose pads have depressions or grooves, or the pad surfaces are provided with serrations or corrugations to firmly secure the eyeglasses to the nose.

This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the nose contacting portion of the pad or bridge includes a tube or sac filled with a liquid or a filler of nonhardening material, or wherein nose pads or bridges have cups or shells to firmly grip the nose by suction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein undivided continuous metal or plastic lens surrounding rims are connected by a bridge and are provided with end pieces and hinges to pivotally connect temples with the rims.
(1) Note. The above continuous lens rims are usually made from plastic base materials and are conventionally interconnected by an integral plastic bridge. Included here are nonmetallic lens rims interconnected by a metal bridge which may be detachably secured to the rims.

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154 for lens linings and rims.

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2, Apparel, subclasses 426+, and particularly 439 holding rims in goggles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses can be rotated in the lens rims around an axis perpendicular to the surface of the lenses so as to bring any desired power sector into the field of vision.
(1) Note. Each lens may be revolved separately and independently of the other or the lenses may be simultaneously rotated.

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49 for rotatable mounts for polarized lens elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein grooved lens holder rims are formed with slots in their upper portion through which lenses may be inserted or removed.
(1) Note. The slots may be closed by pivoted arms after insertion of the lenses. The lenses may be supported in a separate mounting which is removably inserted through the rim-slots into the grooves of the lens holders.

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154 for lens linings and rims.
227 for trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the rims have lens receiving grooves provided with means to frictionally engage the peripheral edge of a lens, or wherein a member projecting from the groove engages a notch in the lens to prevent inadvertent rotation of the lens.

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96 for lens-locking means in split rim mountings.
227 for trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the lens rims are provided with integrally connected nose guards or pads.
(1) Note. The guards or pads may have a wire meshed fabric embedded therein or they may be slotted to receive the ends of bridge arms.

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subclasses 76+ and 78+, for nose pads in pince-nez eyeglasses.
subclasses 136+ for nose pads or cushions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein the nose pads are removably secured as by clamping action on portions of the rims or where the pads can be adjusted into any desired horizontal or longitudinal position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 76+ and 80, for adjustable or removable nose pads in pince-nez glasses.
137 and 138, for nose pads or cushions which are respectively adjustable and detachable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter wherein symmetrically arranged brace bar temple supports follow substantially the upper contour shape of the lens rims.
(1) Note. The arms may extend upwardly from the rims or may be set into a groove provided in the upper edge of the rims. The brace arms however are distinct from the rims.

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93 for brace arms in split rim mountings.
subclasses 103+ for brace arm or semirimless mountings.
125 for brow-bar-type bridges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein lens holding rims connected by a bridge are divided or separated at one point on their periphery.
(1) Note. Usually the rims are split at their temporal sides and have endpieces or lugs which serve to lock the rim members around the lenses and also carry temple supporting hinges. The above rims may be formed from metal or plastic material. The rim-splits may be in line with, above or set at an angle to the center of the lenses.

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subclasses 65+ for split lens holding rims in pince-nez eyeglasses.
154 for lens linings and rims.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein divided lens holding rims are provided with metallic or plastic top arms or brow pieces which may be interchangeably or permanently connected to the rims.
(1) Note. The brow pieces or top arms are either single
units fitted separately to the upper portion of each rim or may consist of a pair of top arms connected to each other at their inner portions by a bridge. Nose pads may be integrally connected with, or may be adhesively secured to the top arm.

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subclasses 51+ for spectacles with ornamentation or decoration.
125 for brow-bar-type bridges.
131 for nose grips integral with the bridge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the lenses are retained within the mounting as by spring tension members, resilient clamping rims, hinged clasps or by hinged frame-portions acting as enclosures for the lens without the use of rivets, screws or other more conventional fastening devices, thereby making the lenses readily removable and interchangeable.

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79 for connectors with clamping arms.
106 for screwless lens mountings in brace arm or semirimless spectacles.
125 for bridges with brow bars.
subclasses 133+ for bridges with connectors or straps.
229 for lens supports in trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein brace bars usually resilient are secured to and extend laterally along or above the top of divided rims.
(1) Note. The brace bars carry lens rim support and/or
temple-hinge means, and provide a wide range of adjustment to different facial requirements. In this subclass the lens rims may have split ends at the nasal or at the temporal side thereof. The split ends may be at the horizontal center line, or may be above the center line and above the useful field of vision.

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89 for brace bars in continuous rim mountings.
subclasses 103+ for brace bar mountings generally.
125 for brow-bar-type bridges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein an auxiliary bridge member is detachably or rigidly attached to the primary bridge.
(1) Note. The auxiliary bridge member may include pivotable or fixedly secured nose pad members, and may be made of any suitable material such as plastic or metal.

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55 for auxiliary adjustable bridges.
67 for supplemental bridges in pince-nez eyeglasses.
132 for bridges with nose grips.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the size of the lens receiving opening of the rims can be expanded or contracted at the split-ends for properly securing different sizes of lenses in the rims.

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subclasses 83+ for continuous rim mountings where the rim may be expandable and contractable.
154 for rims, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherin a lens lock positioned between rim and lens or between the separable members of a split rim-joint projects into a notch or recess formed in the periphery of the lens.

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86 for lens-locking means in continuous rim mountings.
149 for connectors with interengaging projections and recesses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the arms projecting from the divided protions of lens rims are drawn together by embracing U-type clamps or by pivoting toggle levers.

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152 for connectors with clamping arms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the lens rims are divided adjacent to the bridge at the nasal side of the rims, the temporal edges of the split rims being continuous and without the conventional rim connecting arms or studs.
(1) Note. Included here are frames made from plastic material wherein the bridge is divided lengthwise to provide split lens rim portions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the divided rims carry aligned end piece lugs provided with a lens rim clamping-screw and a temple retaining dowel remove from the clamping screw.

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121 for temples with connections.
140 for connectors.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the opposite end of a divided rim terminate in aligned lugs which are drawn together by a single screw which tightens the rim around the lens and also affords a pivot for a temple.

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121 for temples with connections.
140 for connectors.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein nonmetallic divided lens rims are connected with the bridge on the nasal side and with temple hinge parts on the temporal side by short sections of metallic tubing surrounding the rims.

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121 for temples with connections.
133 for bridges with connectors or straps.
154 for linings and rims.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein each lens frame is formed by an inner metallic rim
combined with and covered by an outer nonmetallic rim.
(1) Note. The combined rims are usually split at their temporal sides and the metallic rim carries rim locking and temple supporting means. However, each lens frame may comprise a split outside metallic rim combined with an inside continuous nonmetallic rim or vice versa, for resiliently and accurately mounting a lens in the frame.

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154 for linings and rims.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein laterally extending and symmetrically arranged bars extend from the bridge to the temple connection or where such bars are disposed over the lenses to connect with the temples to leave a portion of each lens free or rimless.
(1) Note. The brace arms may extend rearwardly or upwardly from the lenses and may be associated into one single element which is connected with the bridge. For brace arms extending along the edge of the lens see subclass 109. For brace arms which support a lens at two spaced points see subclass 108. The brace arms are usually resilient.

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89 for brace arms in continuous rim mountings.
125 for brow-bar-type bridges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter where the brace arms or semirims are made from nonmetallic material or from plastic material reinforced by metal embracing the upper contour edges of the lenses, and secure both the lenses and the temples rigidly to the rim sections.

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102 for combined metal and plastic split rim mountings.
108 for brace arms supporting a lens at two spaced points.
117 and 129, for reinforced temples and bridges
respectively.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the mounting is made up as a unit of detachably interconnected members such as the brace arms, bridge and/or nose pad supports.
(1) Note. The detachable mounting may comprise a central bridge member having brace arms and brackets attached thereto to detachably couple the bridge with its brace arms to conventional eyeglasses.

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subclasses 140+ for connectors joining parts of spectacles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the lenses are attached to the mounting as by channel-like straps clamping the nasal edges of the lenses or by small arms which engage the upper surface of the peripery of the lenses, but without the use of screws, rivets, or other fasteners extending through the lens.

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149 for connectors having a projection which engages a lens recess.
152 for connectors with clamping arms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein the brace arms may be readily adjusted to various positions to conform to the shape of the lenses or wherein each lens is individually adjustable relative to the brace arm.

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55 for lenses vertically adjustable during use.
148 for strap-type connectors which permit adjustment of the lens.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein hinged or fixed lens-straps or brackets are mounted on the brace arms and secure the lenses at two spaced points, or where the brace arms have a longitudinally extending portion bearing against the upper contour of the lenses.

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133 for bridges with connectors or straps.
subclasses 142+ for strap-type lens connectors.

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein relatively long and slender brace arms extend substantially along the upper contour edges of the lenses only and terminate in temple connections.
(1) Note. Where the brace arm actually engages or bears against the edge of the lens, classification is not here, but in such subclasses as 89, 93 and 108 above.

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125 for bridges with brow bars.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter where the edges of the lens are free of any structure such as a rim around substantially all the perimeter.
(1) Note. In this subclass the sole edge structure is the
connections to the other frame structure such as bridge and/or temple. The connections may be on opposite edges of the lens at the horizontal center line, or may be above the horizontal center line and above the useful field of vision. For classification here the complete spectacle combination must be claimed. That is the claims must include the bridge, lenses and temples. For the combination of the temple and the lens see subclasses 111+. For the combination of the bridge and one or both lenses see subclasses 124+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 65+ for pince-nez-type spectacles.
subclasses 103+ for brace arm or semirimless mountings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including structure secured to the outer ends of the lenses or their frames and bearing upon the ears or sides of the user's head for maintaining the spectacle in desired position on the user.
(1) Note. The above noted temples are made from metal or from a plastic, and may be straight or provided with a hook and bend at their free ends.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for the combination of the temple and the rim or lens.

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subclasses 51+ for temples with ornamentation.
66 for pince-nez glasses with single temple.
89 and 93, for rim-type mountings with a brace arm temple support.

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381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 327 for temple-pieces with concealed hearing-aids.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein a resilient clip or clasp is integral with or otherwise attached to a temple piece for securing eyeglasses to an article of wearing apparel.

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subclasses 155+ for spectacles with support or holders generally.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclasses 455+ for clasps generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are biased by springs or by elastic metal members in addition to the usual temple structure either to yieldingly resist outward movement of the temple, or to engage the head of the wearer with yieldable pressure.

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114 for resilient or flexible temples.
subclasses 150+ for connectors with resilient parts.

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267, Spring Devices, for spring structures generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are flexible throughout or are provided with flexible portions to yieldingly engage the side of the head or the ear of the wearer.

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113 for spring biased temples.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple can selectively be used as a right or left member in connection with the frame, or wherein the temple may be rotated about its straight portion as an axis, or wherein the temple may be swung to opposite sides of the frame.
(1) Note. Included here are temples with pivots permitting the temples to swivel on the front frame part so that when folded one of the temples lies in front and the other temple behind the lenses.

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403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+ for articulated joints in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is attached to the remaining spectacle structure for ready attachment or removal therefrom as by a hook or ring, or by a snapping or pressing action as distinct from the usual screw attachment; or wherein the greater part of the temple may be readily attached or removed from the remaining part which is more permanently attached to the other spectacle structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is made from plastic or composition material and is reinforced by a metallic core extending throughout or through the major part of its length.

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117 for methods of making temples.
129 for reinforced bridges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein two telescopically arranged temple sections are selectively adjustable together with means for holding the sections in relative longitudinally adjusted positions.

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113 for spring-biased extensible temples.
119 for two part temples generally.
227 for adjustable temples in trial frames.

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403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 83+ for articulated connections lockable at a fixed position in general, particularly subclasses 109.1+ for such connections between telescoping members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple is composed of two end to end interengaging parts securely held against disconnection.
(1) Note. The above noted temples may comprise combine metallic and nonmetallic parts or may be formed of plastic material only. Often one part constitutes the ear piece, and the other the straight member.

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118 for extensible temples.

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381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclasses 312+ for hearing-aid temple members consisting of a rear portion, a forward portion and an extension member.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints and connections of general application.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are inclined with respect to the plane of the lenses, thereby positioning the lens frame or the lenses at an obtuse angle to the temples when rearwardly extended.

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115 for reversible or axially rotatable temples.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temple includes a connection such as a hinge which connects the temple to the lens or frame.
(1) Note. This connector may comprise spring loaded hinges or angularly and lengthwise adjustable hinges. Spectacle hinges are classifiable, per se, in Class 16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 228, and Class 403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+, even when the claim indicates the hinge is to be used with or in spectacles. However, the recitation of specific temple features in combination with the hinge is sufficient for classification in this subclass 121.

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89 and 103+, for brace-arm-type temple connections.
99 and 100, for coincident and spaced rim clamp and pivot temple hinges respectively.
153 for connectors with hinges.

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2, Apparel, subclasses 448+ for hinges in goggles.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 228 for related hinge-structure, per se. See (1) Note above.
403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+ for related hinged rod joints. See also (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the earpiece of the temple is covered with nonmetallic material to prevent irritating the skin of a wearer.
(1) Note. The above noted covering may be produced by dipping the temple core in an appropriate solution or by providing a flexible nonmetallic cover around the earpiece.

This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein the temples are provided with slidable or fixed attachments which contact the wearer's head or ear to hold the spectacles firmly in place.
(1) Note. The above noted temple attachments may comprise cushions, pads, springs or suction cups.

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122 for temples with skin protecting covers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter limited to structure which interconnects the rimmed or rimless lenses of spectacles and extends across the nose of a user.
(1) Note. The subject matter here does not include resilient bridges as used in pince-nez mountings. See subclasses 64 and 65+ above for such subject matter. This subclass provides for the combination of the bridge and the rim or lens, or the bridge with both rims or both lenses unless provided for above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 65+ for bridges in pince-nez-type glasses, and especially subclasses 65 and 67.
227 for bridges in trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge is in the shape of a cross bar generally extending from the upper edge of one lens holding means to the upper edge of the other.

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60 for spectacles with lens suspension bars.
68 for pince-nez glasses with resilient brace-type bridge.
subclasses 103+ for brace-arm type mountings.
227 for brow bar bridges in trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge joining the lens holding members is made from resilient metal or includes flexible portions.
(1) Note. The above modification includes coil springs interposed between the lenses or lens mountings.

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65 for pince-nez glasses with flexible bridges.
156 for head-band type spectacles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter wherein the bridge connecting the lens holding rims is formed of a plurality of flexible hollow ball or link-chain members.
(1) Note. These bridges may be readily removable from the lens rims, and may be adjustable to produce the required distance between the lenses.

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subclasses 140+ for connectors.

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2, Apparel, subclasses 445+ for ball or chain type bridges in goggles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge is adjustable as to pupillary distance between the lenses, and/or to the facial characteristics of the wearer.
(1) Note. The bridges may comprise a tubular member and a second member selectively insertable therein, or the bridges may be deformable in order to position the lenses properly before the eyes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 and 65+, for adjustable bridges in pince-nez glasses.
subclasses 126+ for flexible bridges.
227 for bridges in trial frames.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge has a reinforcing metal core embedded inside, or disposed on the inner or outer face of the bridge.
(1) Note. The reinforcement may be in the form of a straight piece of wire or may be curved to conform to the curve of the bridge.

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117 for reinforced temples.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the usual bridge is supplemented by an auxiliary universally adaptable nose engaging attachment.
(1) Note. The above attachment may be in the form of a brace, a clip or an auxiliary nosepiece.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge is integrally connected with a nose grip or guard.

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87 for continuous rim mountings with nose guards or pads integral with the frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter including significant nose grip, nose guard, pad or cushion structure with a bridge or wherein a significant relationship exists between this structure and the bridge.

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131 for nose grips or guards integral with the bridge.
subclasses 136+ for nose pads or cushions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter wherein the bridge has lens or lens-rim supporting means laterally extending from the ends of the bridge.
(1) Note. In the embodiment here the bridge may be detachable from the lens supports, or may be interconnected
with supports having ball-sockets, segmental attaching plates or spring arms.

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subclasses 140+ for connectors joining a bridge to the lens or rim.

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403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints and connections generally, especially subclasses 52+ for articulated connections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter wherein the bridge and lens straps are made of an integral piece of metal, or wherein the ends of the bridge and the lens straps are soldered or welded together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter wherein the bridge has lens clamping members which usually secure the lenses without screw fasteners and lens perforations.
(1) Note. The above bridge-clamps may use a cementitious medium to secure the lens in the clamping member.

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144 for lens straps with cementing or fusing.
149 for lens straps having projections to engage the lens.
152 for lens straps with clamping arms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including pads or cushions which rest against the nose of the
wearer and thereby prevent contact between the pad-supports and the nose.
(1) Note. The above noted pads or cushions may be integral with the bridge or lens rims or may be carried on the nose grip arms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 78+ for nose pads in pince-nez-type glasses, or intended for use with pince-nez glasses.
132 for spectacle bridges including nose pads or cushions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter wherein the nose pads or cushions are movably mounted to have proper play or rocking movement.

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88 for continuous rim mountings with adjustable nose pads.
subclasses 126+ and 128, for flexible and adjustable bridges respectively.
148 for adjustable strap-type connectors.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter wherein the nose pad may be readily attached or detached from its support.

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80 for detachable nose pads in pince-nez glasses.
88 for continuous rim mountings with detachable nose pads.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter wherein the nose pads and/or its support has a covering tightly adherent thereto or a coating, which may be relatively noncorrosive.

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117 for temples with covered cores or rods.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter for joining parts of spectacles or eyeglasses together such as the bridge to the lens or rim, the nosepiece to the rim or lens, or the temple to the rim or lens.
(1) Note. This subject matter is restricted to the connector or the connector with conventional spectacle parts broadly claimed. Where details of other spectacle parts are recited classification is in the subclasses above; however, a lens claimed broadly or in detail together with connectors or mountings is classified here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 133+ for bridges with connectors to the nose grips in pince-nez glasses.

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285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, for pipe couplings generally.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints and connections in general.
411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, appropriate subclasses for various fasteners of general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein screw or bolt-locking means are provided to prevent loosening of the connecting screw or bolt.
(1) Note. The subject matter classified here may comprise conical nuts, springs, washers, and fusible or other locking means.

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121 for temple with connections or mountings.

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70, Locks, subclasses 229+ for bolt, nut stud, stud-cap, and subclass 230 for such elements stationary locked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein the lens securing device comprised a strap with spaced ears or arms for engaging the lens therebetween.
(1) Note. The above noted lens-securing devices are usually provided in rimless-type spectacles and pince-nez glasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 and 65+, for pince-nez-type eyeglasses.
110 for rimless lens-type mountings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter in which the straps are equipped with reinforcing braces, supplemental lens gripping ears or rigid pins to securely embrace or clamp the lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for bridges with nose guards and connectors in pince-nez glasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the strap and the lens are securely locked in assembled relation by the application of cement, solder or
any other suitable bonding material between lens and strap-members.
(1) Note. The above noted strap and lens connecting means may be used to secure the bridge strap or the temple strap to the lenses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 65+ and 110, for pince-nez-type mountings and rimless-type spectacles respectively.

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156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, especially subclasses 60-303 and 349 through 583.91 for surface bonding generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein resilient cushioning material is provided between the strap members and the lens and around the connecting screw or bolt.
(1) Note. The cushioning material here may be made of rubber, cardboard, fiber or plastic.

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151 for strap connectors with springs between the lens and the strap.

Subject matter under suclass 145 wherein the cushioning material constitutes a preformed bushing or sleeve which is pressed into the fastening hole of a lens or into the screw holes in the strap arms to prevent any play between the mounting and the lens.

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110 for rimless lens-type mountings.

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411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener, subclasses 531+ for washers of
general utility.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein strap arms and screw heads are provided with serrations for interlocking engagement to prevent loosening of the interlocked members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein the lens strap connectors are adjustable to permit changing the position of the lens vertically or horizontally with reference to the eye, or to permit insertion of lenses of different shape or dimensions.

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69 for pince-nez-type mountings in which the lens and nose guard pivot on the bridge.
128 for adjustable bridges.
153 for connectors with particular hinges.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclass 265 for strap-end-attaching devices generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter including a stud or projection on the strap or lens engaging in a slot recess or indentation in the other.
(1) Note. Parts of the above noted mounting strap may engage with a plurality of slots arranged in the lens at angle to each other, or the strap may engage a lens-slot of varying width for securing the lens.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter including clamps or brackets for yieldably attaching lenses to ophthalmic mountings.

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55 for bridges with clamping members.
106 for screwless-type lens connections in semirimless mountings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter wherein resilient metal elements, such as leaf springs, are interposed between the strap member and the adjacent edge of the lens to maintain the connection between the lens and the strap flexibly but firmly in proper relation.
(1) Note. These springs are usually provided in rimless-type spectacles.

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110 for rimless lens-type mountings.
subclasses 145+ for strap connectors with a cushion around the lens screw or bolt.

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267, Spring Devices, for spring structures generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein strap-type lens connectors comprise metal clamps for gripping the surface of a rimless lens without employment of the usual fastening screw.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 103+ for semirim-type mountings.
110 for rimless lens-type mountings.
149 for strap-type connectors with interengaging projections and recesses.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclass 265 for strap-end-attaching devices generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter wherein significant hinge details or relationships are claimed, such as the connector between a plastic temple and eyeglass rim comprising a metallic hinge member anchored in a slot or groove of the temple and/or the rim.

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121 for temples with connectors or straps.

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16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 228 for eyeglass hinge structure, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including linings for interposition between the edge of a lens and the rim of a frame or for application around lenses in rimless spectacles or eyeglasses; also included here are rims placed around the periphery of lenses to position the axes of cylindrical or prismatic lenses properly.
(1) Note. The above noted linings or rims may be made from rubber resilient metal or glass and may be transparent or colored.

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subclasses 51+ for spectacles with ornamentation.
86 for spectacles with lens retaining or locking means.
102 for spectacles with combined metal and plastic rims.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including structure in addition to the spectacle or eyeglass structure for supporting the spectacles or eyeglasses during use, or out of vision position.
(1) Note. For classification here the spectacles must be at least broadly included in the claim; or the support if claimed alone must be peculiarly adapted for holding spectacle or eyeglasses. Since a basic function of the spectacles is to support the lenses on the user, it is emphasized that the supports here classified are something in addition to the normal spectacle frames as classified above.

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43 for floating-type spectacles,
57 for spectacles with auxiliary lens attachment.
66 for pince-nez glasses with ear chains.
112 for temples with a pocket clip or clasp.
227 for trial frames.

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206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for spectacle cases.
248, Supports, subclasses 200+ for brackets generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein spectacles are without the usual temples but comprise a strap or chain which embraces the head of a wearer to support and retain the glasses without irritating the nose or ears.
(1) Note. The above straps or chains carry usually means for adjusting the glasses manually, e.g., up., down, or farther apart for the correct pupillar distance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for neck retainers.
227 for trial frame structures.

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2, Apparel, subclass 452 for goggles which often include similar supporting structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein spectacles have a holder or band usually connected to the temples and encircling the head or neck of a wearer to retain and support the spectacles when removed from their operative position.
(1) Note. The above holders are usually adjustable longitudinally of the temples and are removably secured in a selected poisition.

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381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclasses 330+ for supports for hearing aid devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the spectacles or eyeglasses are combined with additional structure, which may or may not be optical, and not provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 44+ for spectacles with anti-glare or shading.
50 for spectacles with rear-view reflectors.
subclasses 51+ for spectacles with decoration.
155 for spectacles with supports or holders.

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359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 409+, 481, and 816 for telescopes and magnifiers with spectacle-type mounting.
362, Illumination, subclasses 103+ for combined light and spectacle structure, and for body attached light supports.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, subclass 327 for eyeglass hearing aid units.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, subclasses 139+ for spectacles with structure making electrical applications to the head.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter is limited to lenses with specific optical characteristics for use in spectacles or eyeglasses, said lenses having surfaces of spherical, cylindrical or toric curvatures for aiding vision or for correcting focal errors of the eye.
(1) Note. The subject matter here is distinct from and does not include multiple component or compound lens systems designed for example for taking and exhibiting pictures or for use in binoculars, telescopes, and microscopes. See Class 359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 362+ and 642+ for this subject matter generally.
(2) Note. The indented subclass 177 includes processes of making ophthalmic lenses as defined above and methods of uniting optical elements to form multifocal lenses wherein steps of grinding or finishing subsequent to uniting are included.

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subclasses 41+ for spectacles including lenses as above defined.

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2, Apparel, subclasses 426+ for goggles; and subclasses 12+ for eye shades.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 362+ for compound lens systems generally. See also (1) Note above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lenses are peculiarly adapted to be placed directly in contact with the eyeball and to move with the eyeball.
(1) Note. The contact lens may comprise ventilating or lubricating channels or ducts to obtain free circulation of lacrimal fluid. The subject matter here may be a compound lens system in which one element is a contact lens worn on the eye and the other element is mounted in front of the eye in the manner of the conventional spectacle lens. The contact lens may comprise a skirt conforming to the conjunctival sac of the eye, said skirt carrying a lens disposed in front of but in spaced relation to the cornea.

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247 for methods of fitting contact lenses and instruments for such use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the contact lens comprises two zones of different focal length, one zone to correct the distance vision and another zone to correct the reading vision.

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168 for multifocal lenses generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the contact lens, or a portion thereof is colored to absorb part of the visible spectrum or to change the color of the iris in the eye.

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subclasses 163+ for lenses generally with light filtering means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lenses have the property of absorption of rays in portions of the visible or invisible spectrum, or are combined with additional structure having this property.
(1) Note. For classification here an ophthalmic lens must be included in the claims specifically or broadly if the disclosure relates to such a lens. Light filters, per se, which may be used with spectacle lenses are classified in Class 359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 885+. These lenses may be polarizing.

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44 for spectacles with antiglare or shading.

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359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 483+ for light polarizers and subclasses 885+ for optical filters. See also (1) Note above.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclasses 60+ for lead containing glass compositions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses absorb certain portions of rays in the visible or invisible spectrum, or are combined with additional structure having such an absorption property.

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168 for multifocal lenses generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the lenses have vision areas of different light
abosorptive qualities which may differ in density and/or in frequency (e.g., clear or slightly tinted central glass portions and deeply colored surrounding areas).

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177 for methods of superposing a clear glass-disk and a glass-disk having its color graduating in strength.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one or both surfaces of a lens are covered with a layer or layers and impact resisting, transparent and hardened material; or wherein the lens comprises a pair of glass elements and an intermediate resilient reinforcing adhesive securing these elements together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lens is specially adapted to use after the operation for cataract and corrects by being very powerful.
(1) Note. The lens is usually composite comprising a double convex and a concavo-convex lens secured together, or the lens may comprise a lenticular support or border portion in which a strong vision lens is mounted. The above lens may be unifocal or may comprise lens elements of different refractive indices as to provide a long vision and a reading section, the diopter range usually being between 10 and 18.

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160 for cateract-correcting combinations of contact lenses and spectacle glasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the ophthalmic lens has at least two vision fields of different focal strength.
(1) Note. The different focal strength may be produced by using material of different refractive indices or different
curvatures.

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161 for multifocal eye contact-type lenses.
164 for multifocal lenses with light filtering.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein the multifocal lens has areas gradually changing in dioptric power.
(1) Note. The lens may have countersink and a segment with different indices of refraction fused therein, or may be formed from one piece or material by providing a continuously varying radius of curvature.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein one of the multifocal lens elements has a specific prismatic correction whose prism base is located relative to the optical center of the distance and/or intermediate vision lens sections to give the desired correction.
(1) Note. The lens section with prismatic correction may be in the form of a segment fused into a lens countersink or the prismatic correction may be formed by grinding a desired area of a multifocal lens made of one piece of material.

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175 for prismatic-type ophthalmic lenses generally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein multifocal lenses have portions of three or more focal powers respectively, for example, for near, intermediate and far vision.
(1) Note. The above noted lenses may have countersinks and segments of different refractive powers fused therein, or the
lenses may be formed of one piece of glass and by grinding away the near vision and intermediate vision portions. The countersinks and segments as well as the ground-away lens portions in the one piece lenses may be of different dimensions and shapes.

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172 for multifocal lenses with long vision and reading sections having joined lens elements, and 168 for such lenses made from a single piece of glass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Subject matter wherein multiple lens elements of different refractive indices have their adjacent surfaces joined together to provide a unitary multifocal lens that has, for example, a long vision and a reading section.
(1) Note. The modification here comprises for example a major glass member having a shallow countersink and a relatively thin segment fused therein, a thin reading segment fused to a major glass surface, or the lens members may be held in place by usual frame pieces. The countersinks and segments may be of different dimensions and shapes.

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168 for multifocal lenses may from a single piece of glass; and 171, for multiple element lenses with three or more foci.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one surface of a lens is shaped so as to give a prescribed image-size correction (magnification) without refractive power.
(1) Note. The modification here may comprise the addition of refractive power by suitably grinding the second surface of the lens. This subclass also provides for two lenses (one for each eye), one or both or which may be within the scope of the above definition.

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160 for combinations of contact lenses and spectacle
glasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the edge of the lens is polished, beveled or otherwise modified for protecting or reinforcing the lens for example.
(1) Note. The modification here is integral with the lens. Subclass 154 above provides for linings and rims separate from the lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for lens linings and rims. See also (1) Note above.
166 for lenses with protective layers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein the lens is formed with a wedge or tapered cross section to deflect, for example, the light path from the object to the eye, or to correct strabismus or eye deviation.

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170 for multifocal lenses with prismatic segments.
203 for eye exercising and training devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter wherein one of the lens surfaces has a spherical curvature providing dioptrics or lens powers for correction of focal errors of the eye and/or wherein one lens curvature may be in cylindrical or toric form to compensate for astigmatic errors of the eye.

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subclasses 200+ for eye testing instruments with cylindrical lens systems.

This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter including processes of making ophthalmic lenses as there defined and not otherwise classifiable.
(1) Note. Class 451 provides for grinding or polishing a lens; Class 65 provides for fusion bonding of glass lenses; while Class 156 provides for adhesive bonding of such lenses. The patents classified in this subclass 177 usually claim combinations of these methods, which are beyond the scope of any one of the above classes. See also the reference to these classes below.
(2) Note. This subclass includes processes for forming contact lenses adapted to be in contact with the eyeball, as opposed to the fitting of contact lenses to the eye which are classified in subclass 40 above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for contact lens fitting. See also (2) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 36+ for fusion bonding of glass.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses 99+ for optically transparent glass sandwich making.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 162+ for coating processes, per se, wherein the product is an electrical element.
451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for a lens abrading process and subclass 57 for such a process involving distinct abrading areas or steps.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclasses 11+ for glass composition; and especially subclasses 40+ for lead containing glass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter including processes of making spectacles and eyeglasses, securing an eyeglass lens to its support, or of assembling lenses in spectacle frames.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 for lens-repair devices.
177 for methods of making ophthalmic lenses.
246 for methods of operating or using eye testing instruments.

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29, Metal Working, subclass 20 for machines and processes for making spectacle frames, temples and bridges.

EYE EXAMINING OR TESTING INSTRUMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including ophthalmic instruments, optical systems and methods for testing vision, for optical examination and diagnosis (and treatment) with respect to disease and irregularities of the eye, and for ascertaining lenses for correcting errors of refraction or other defects of the eye.
(1) Note. The instruments may comprise supporting bases corneal microscopes, slit lamps and other eye illuminating means, adjustable head or chin resting devices, and illuminable targets. The instruments here are concerned with for example the measuring and testing of the vision characteristics of the eye for the purpose of correcting any determined visual defects. These instruments are associated with the visual path of the eye either for viewing the interior of the eye through the visual path or by utilizing the visual path during the measurement or test. Instruments especially for examining or diagnosing the eye which do not involve its visual path are classified here, if they are essentially optical. However, instruments for treating the eye, or for examining the eye when not optical and not associated with the visual path are classifiable elsewhere. For example, Class 600, Surgery, subclasses 398+ for Tonometry, Class 351, subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses and Class 601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy subclass 37 for eye exercising devices. Multipurpose instruments which measure or test within the scope of this subclass, but also perform some nonoptical eye test not associated with the visual path or perform some treatment of the eye are classifiable here, especially in the indented subclass 203.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses.
subclasses 205+ for objective eye testing (e.g., ophthalmoscope and retinoscopes).
subclasses 211+ for projected target image.
subclasses 222+ for subjective eye testing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 368+ for microscopes, generally.
600, Surgery, subclasses 300+ for diagnostic instruments generally.
606, Surgery, subclass 204.25 for eye exercising devices which make physical contact with the eye. See also (1) Note above.

For fusion and space perception testing (e.g., stereoscopic vision):
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments used for testing simultaneous binocular vision for determining space perception and determining the condition of prismatic imbalance, both vertically and laterally, of a pair of eyes.
(1) Note. The above instruments may polarize the light in crossed planes coming from the different portions of a target, or may present pairs of half stereograms to the respective eyes, or may present a plurality of independently movable targets so that the correct optical positions for true image convergence or true stereopsis are obtained.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclasses 300+ for diagnostic apparatus.

Of abnormal muscular functioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter relates to apparatus for detecting the state of extrinsic ocular muscles and for determining the amount of imbalance or insufficiency thereof.
(1) Note. Spaced apart target means in conjunction with binocular polarizing viewers may be utilized in the above apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for subjective eye testing with light polarizing lens.

Eye exercising or training type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including multipurpose instruments, which serve to examine and test the eye to rectify defective vision, and which may be used to subject the eyes to a controlled muscle strain period or flashed illumintion for training and exercising purposes.
(1) Note. The above instruments may comprise prismatic lenses of adjustable power, stereoscopic devices, or movable test objects for exercising ocular muscles.

For interpupillary distance measuring or lens positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments for ascertaining the accurate distance between the pupils of a patient's eyes so that spectacle frames and/or eyeglass lenses will be properly related to the pupils.
(1) Note. Included here are instruments to accurately determine the best size and vision field placement of multifocal segments.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 200 for spectacle gauges.

Objective type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments for examining the eye of a patient independently of the patient's perceptions of responses, for example, by observing a light or image directed onto or into the eye to diagnose the eye or to ascertain the power of refraction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for instrument support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclasses 300+ for diagnostic instruments generally.

Including eye photography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter includes still or motion-picture apparatus for photographing the interior of the eye.
(1) Note. The above apparatus may comprise luminous eye fixation objects and/or interconnected illumination and shutter-actuating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, for motion- picture apparatus.
396, Photography, subclass 18 for an ocular camera.

Having spurious reflection blocking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter including means for blocking undesirable reflections from the eye, or from elements in the optical path.

Having means to detect proper distance or alignment (i.e., eye to instrument):
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter including means for indicating when the photographing instrument and the eye are at the proper alignment or distance with respect to each other.

Including eye movement detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including means for indicating or recording eye movement.

Using photodetector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Subject matter where the indicating or recording means is a photosensitive device.

Including projected target image:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein light rays or images of illuminated targets or reticules are projected onto a selected plane in the eye or a patient during examination.
(1) Note. The above noted targets may be used with monocular or binocular testing instruments and the images may be directed into the eye by mirrors or prisms which intersect the line of vision.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for projected target in subjective testing.

For cornea curvature measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Subject matter wherein the projected target image is used for measuring the curvature of the cornea.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for methods of contact lens fitting.

Including light filter or absorber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including a filter or absorber wherein a light beam directed into a patient's eye is of a specific color or wave length, or wherein the luminous intensity of the light is weakened to a desired magnitude by appropriate absorbers.

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233 for movable lens or filter selectively insertable in optical path.

Including diaphragm of slit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter in which a movable diaphragm or narrow slit is provided through which a strong light is passes into the eye being tested.
(1) Note. The above instruments employ usually artificial light, e.g., Neon light, and the diaphragm or slit is adjustable to determine refraction deficiencies of the eye.

Including light polarizing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including a light polarizer wherein the light which is directed into or emerges from the eye of a patient is polarized to avoid reflexes and to obtain the greatest possible intensity of illumination and image-clarity.
(1) Note. The above light polarizers may comprise two adjustable light polarizing foils, or the foils may polarize the light linearly so that their planes of oscillation are at right angles to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for eye-exercising devices with light polarizers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 483+ for polarizing devices generally.

Including lens selectively insertable in optical path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein adjustably mounted test lens(es) are selectively placed in front of the observed eye for measuring the refraction of the eye so as to provide correcting lenses therefor.
(1) Note. The lenses may be spherical, cylindrical or prismatic, and may be insertable in monocular or binocular test instruments, which may be portable or fixedly mounted in a physicians's office.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for subjective testing instruments wherein lenses or filters are mounted on a rotatable disc.

On rotary disc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter wherein multiple test lenses are eccentrically mounted on either a single rotary disc or a pair of rotary discs.
(1) Note. The lens discs in this generic subclass are used in monocular or binocular test instruments which are usually permanently mounted in the office of the oculist. Plural superimposed discs used in the instrument are mounted for rotation about a common axis so as to successively align the test lenses with coaxial sight openings in the discs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for subjective testing instruments with the lenses mounted on rotatable disc.

Hand held type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter includes test instruments with rotatable multiple lens discs which are portable and held in hand during examination.
(1) Note. The above instruments may comprise an electrical light source adjustable mounted inside the handle or battery casing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for illuminators in objective testing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses.

With contact lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter which includes a lens which makes contact with the eye.
(1) Note. The contact lens may include fluid which contacts the eye.

Including reflectors with off-set surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter wherein a light deflecting device, such as a mirror or reflector has two reflecting surfaces, offset with respect to each other, in order to provide a sight opening for the oculist to view the eye.
(1) Note. The surfaces of the above deflecting device may be angled relative to each other so that the reflected beams cross or overlap each other as they enter the eye.

Including illuminator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter relating to devices including a light source for internal or external illumination of the eye during examination and/or photographing thereof.
(1) Note. Included here are light source devices for controlled illumination of vision test charts used in the practice of optometry, slit lamps with or without fibre-optical image-transfer devices, and illuminators in the form of a contact lens fitting over the scieral area of the eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for subjective testing with target projection.
243 for illuminated charts and targets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for portable and self-contained illuminators combined with other instruments in general, for battery powered lamps; and for illumination projectors.

Subjective type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including instruments through which the patient views a test object (target) or the test object so viewed, for detecting various ocular characteristics or deficiencies of the patient or for prescribing necessary corrections for the patient's vision based on the patient's perceptions or responses.
(1) Note. The above instruments may be permanent or nonportable installations in the office of an examining physician, or may be portable and conveniently carried units.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 including test chart or target.
244 for test instrument supports.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclasses 300+ for diagnostic instruments generally.

Self examining type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter includes eye testing devices which may be operated by a person testing his own eyes.
(1) Note. The device is usually inside a cabinet holding a plurality of pairs of eyeglasses for displaying, selecting and/or vending such glasses. Eyeglasses of varying strength are brought successively into the line of vision of the
person desiring glasses until the spectacles best fitting the person's eyes are determined.

Perimeter type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including a surface usually illuminated from a light source together with test targets movable along the inside face of the surface, which targets are viewed by the patient undergoing eye examination for determining fiel of vision.
(1) Note. The above instruments may comprise electromagnetical recording devices which recieve impulses from a photoeclectric cell.

With rotatable arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter where the means for producing the test targets on the surface is a rotatable arm.

With bowl type screen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter wherein the surface is shaped as a hollow hemispherical bowl or cup carrying inside suitable test patterns or targets which are viewed by the patient.

Including trial frames:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including frame structure for removably, adjustably and selectively supporting test lenses before the patient's eyes during examination, the structure being adjustable to the features of the patient's head.
(1) Note. The adjustment to the patient's features may include lateral and vertical adjustment, angular adjustment between the temples and the center part of the frame, and interpupilar distance. The test-lens support may include a ring type holder which may be rotated and may be provided
with a graduated scale to ascertain the axial line and position of a cylindrical or prismatic lens.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 including movable lens.

With multifocal lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including structure for selecting near and far vision portions of multifocal lenses, demonstrating optical characteristics of multifocal lens segments, and for properly locating the segments relative to the basic lens and the eyes of the patient.

With plural lens carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including frame structure for selectively supporting a plurality of different test lenses in series in separate spaced apart relation, and usually having open-topped ring-type holders.
(1) Note. The above test lens holders may comprise graduated axis scales, and may be adjusted for pupiliary distance and other facial requirements of different individuals.

With individual lens holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including individual lens holders for single test lenses which may be temporarily and interchangeably inserted into trial or conventional eyeglass frames.
(1) Note. The above lens holders carry usually projecting handles or calibrated dials which bear date indentifying each lens as by sphere, diopter and axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for lens rims generally.

Removably attachable to eyeglass frame:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter where the frame structure is removably attachable to an eyeglass frame.

With light polarizing lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein adjustable light polarizing means are positioned in the light beam of a projected test-image and/or before each eye of a patient viewing a test target.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for antiglare spectacles with polarizing lenses.
203 for eye exercising devices with light polarizers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 483+ for polarizing devices generally.

Lens or filter selectively insertable in optical path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein the instrument includes selective lenses or spectacle frames carrying lenses of different power movable into and out of eye testing position until errors of refraction are determined, proper lenses have been found and/or corrected vision is obtained.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 216+ for movable lens selectively insertable in optical path.
subclasses 227+ for trial frames.

Mounted on rotatable disc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the person undergoing eye examination views a test object through test lenses mounted in a circle on one or several rotatable discs, each lens having a different spherical, cylindrical or light absorbing power.
(1) Note. The above eye testing instruments may comprise illumination means functioning electrically in conjunction with a timing and time indicating apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for objective testing instruments having lenses mounted on rotatable discs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
353, Optics: Image Projectors, for image projectors of general utility.

Having plural disc carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein two eye testing units, one for each eye, are supported on a standard, each of the units comprising a plurality of rotatable test lens discs, which are superposed and mounted on or in the same housing or baseplate on a common central axis.

Movable along optical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein individual trial lenses or optical systems comprising plural superimposed adjustable lenses are movable along the optical axis before the eyes of a patient in a plane vertical to the direction of sight.
(1) Note. The above lenses or optical systems may be in monocular or binocular test instruments, and may comprise sets of reflecting prisms intersecting the line of sight.

Including target image projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein a still projector casts one or more illuminated chart or target images on a screen for use in vision testing.
(1) Note. Included here are two-dimensional and/or stereoscopic reading-training projectors which are successively fed sequential frames of intelligence on strips or circular discs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for projected targets involved in objective eye testing.
243 for illuminated test charts or targets generally.

Tachistoscope type:
Subject matter under suclass 237 wherein written material or other target-subject matter us projected onto a screen or shown on a panel for controlled short periods of time to test the reading ability or visual acuity of an individual's eyes.
(1) Note. Class 434, particularly subclasses 159+, 167+, 185 and 327+ in some respects are similar to this subclass, these subclasses containing targets or reading charts and viewing devices. In this Class 351 the devices are directed as their primary purpose to testing the acuity of vision of an individual with short, accurate and selective timing, while in Class 434 the devices are dierected to the general purpose of testing knowledge or instructing in characteristics of article.

Including test chart or target:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter including charts with movable or stationary patterns or targets for either direct reading, or in relation with an optical instrument for testing or otherwise determining visual acuity or errors of refraction of the eye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for objective eye testing which involves projecting a chart or target into the eye.
237 for target projection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, subclasses 300+ for diagnostic instruments.
606, Surgery, subclass 204.25 for eye orthopedics.

Stereoscopic type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter comprising stereoscopic or depth perception target-charts, such as used for testing muscle-imbalance and or depth perception of the eye.

Astigmatism type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter comprising eye test charts having for example changeable color lines or colored contour bands, to determine the axis and amount of astigmatism and the required cylindrical lens axis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclasses 446+ for changeable exhibitors, and subclasses 541+ for illuminated signs.

Chromaticity type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter relating to polychromatic charts or plates used in color deficiency or color sensitivity test, the plates or charts exposing to the viewer s:graphic representations of different particular colors and/or varying intensity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for chart and/or target projection.

Illuminated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter including structure for illuminating the chart or target, or for backlighting perforated or translucent symbols.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for target image projection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 541 for illuminated signs.
362, Illumination, appropriate subclasses for light combined with structure generally and for projectors.

Having support or cabinet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein reading charts or test targets are supported by and individually exhibited at a display window of a cabinet or removably secured to a base board or handle.
(1) Note. The above noted chart supporting cabinets may be foldable and portable and may comprise reflecting mirrors or electrical illuminators.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for eye exercising and training devices.
245 for eye-testing instrument supports generally.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclasses 127+, for stands generally.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, for cabinet supports.

Support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relates to adjustable stands or bases which support ophthalmic diagnostic test instruments for test charts.
(1) Note. Included here are instrument supports with or without test chart holders comprising adjustable head and
chin rests for the patient while under eye inspection or treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 239+ for test charts or targets with supports.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 121, 127 and 176.1+ for article supporting stands and brackets.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 93 for instrument supports with hydraulic or fluid pressure means.

Methods of use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including the methods of operating or utilizing the instruments as defined in this subclass for the purpose of examining or testing the eyes.
(1) Note. The subclass does not provide for methods of making lenses except where fitting is involved as indicated in the indented subclass. Methods of making spectacles or lenses therefor are classified in subclass 177 unless provided for elsewhere as indicated in the search notes appended thereto. In general the original patents classified here have only method claims. If claims are included to both the testing instrument structure and the method of operating the instrument, the classification is with the instrument in the subclasses above, with a cross reference to these method subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for combined eye testing and exercising instruments.
223 for eye testing devices operated by the person himself while selecting eyeglasses.

For contact lens fitting:
Subject matter under subclass limited to process for measuring and determining the curvature of a patient's eyeball so that the bearing surfaces of a contact lens may be
made to fit the eyeball accurately.
(1) Note. The above fitting processes may include photographing the eye, projecting a silhouette of the contour of a mold or cast, or otherwise making accurate eye measurements to fit contact lenses of suitable shape and characteristics to the eye. Included also here are methods for fitting contact lenses by taking molds of the eye and forming an eye fitting cast of the mold.
(2) Note. When modification of the contact lens such as grinding, polishing or otherwise altering the shape of the lens is done concurrently with and necessary to the fitting, as opposed to the making of the preliminary blank, classification is in this subclass. However, subclass 177 below provides for methods of making contact lenses with the scope of its subclass definition where no fitting of the lens is involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for eye contact lenses, per se.
177 for methods making contact lenses generally. (See (2) Note above.)
178 for methods of making spectacles and eyeglasses generally.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, subclass 42 for grinding or polishing lenses.