U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 260
CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
Class Definition:
In general terms, this is the generic class for:
(1) organic carbon compounds,
(2) processes for their preparation not otherwise provided
for,
(3) the treatment and modification of organic carbon
compounds (including mixtures of organic carbon
compounds resulting from a synthesis or of natural origin)
(a) by chemical means,
(b) by both chemical and physical means, or
(c) by physical means,
and the products of such treatment and modification not
otherwise provided for,
(4) compositions (not otherwise provided for) containing a
synthetic resin, or ingredients which under the reaction
conditions employed are known to form a synthetic resin,
(5) compositions (not otherwise provided for) containing
vulcanizable natural hydrocarbon gum or derivatives, and
(6) hydrocarbon compositions (not otherwise provided
for)(i.e., principally those that do not consist
entirely of mineral oils.)
An organic carbon compound is defined as satisfying one of
the following criteria:
(1) two carbon atoms bonded to each other,
(2) one carbon atom bonded to at least one hydrogen atom or
halogen atom, or
(3) one carbon atom bonded to at least one nitrogen atom by a
single or double bond.
Exceptions to the above criteria are: hydrocyanic acid,
cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides,
isothiocyanic acid, fulminic acid, and metal carbides; these
exceptions are considered as inorganic compounds for
classification purposes.
The expression "mixtures of organic carbon compounds
resulting from a synthesis" is intended to encompass mixtures
of compounds resulting from a chemical process wherein plural
organic carbon compounds are unavoidably and simultaneously
formed, as distinguished from mixtures produced by mere
physical admixing of plural preformed compounds. The
expression is, further, not intended to encompass mixtures
resulting from a chemical process wherein reaction conditions
(e.g., a mixture of starting materials, etc.) were purposely
chosen to prepare a mixture of final products; such final
product mixtures are classified in an appropriate composition
class.
The expression "mixtures of organic compounds of natural
origin" is intended to encompass mixtures of compounds (such
as fats, oils, or proteins) obtained by extraction from a
single plant or animal source. It should be noted that the
product of, for example, hydrolyzing such extracts is also
provided for by Class 260 and its integral classes.
This class also includes the admixture of an organic carbon
compound of the class with a preserving agent whose sole
function is to prevent physical or chemical change in the
compound. If there is present an additional ingredient, and
the resultant mixture has a function other than preservation
of the compound, the mixture will then be classified in an
appropriate composition class. "Preserving agent" is
intended to include agents which inhibit chemical
decomposition of, corrosion by, or caking of the organic
carbon compounds to which they are added. Preserved organic
carbon compounds classifiable in this class and its integral
classes are classified on the basis of the organic carbon
compound preserved, even if the preserving agent is itself an
organic carbon compound classified higher in the Class 260
hierarchy.
Exceptions to the above general statements are pointed out
below in II. LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES and III. REFERENCES TO
OTHER CLASSES.
Class 260 was at one time the largest class in the United
States Patent Classification System. Extensive
reclassification work has been done on Class 260, and it has
been almost entirely reclassified. Because of its great size,
the reclassification was done in stages. Each stage was
completed and published as a separate integral class, but the
separate classes retained their place in the Class 260
hierarchy.
The present arrangement of Class 260 and its integral classes
is shown below in II. LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES.
A. Rules of Classifying in Class 260 and Integral Classes.
1. Genus-species. The rule followed in classifying a patent
containing several species which fall into different
subclasses within Class 260 and its integral classes is that
the original classification of the patent is placed in the
first appearing subclass that provides for the claimed
subject matter. Cross-reference classifications of the patent
are placed in appropriate subclasses lower in the hierarchy,
except where a compulsory search note between subclasses
renders such cross-referencing unnecessary.
Where there are one or more indents to a generic subclass and
a claimed species is not provided for specifically by the
indents, the patent is placed as original in the generic
subclass, since the generic subclass is the first subclass
that provides for said claimed species.
2. Tautomeric forms. If a patent claims a single compound
that has plural, separately classified tautomeric forms, the
original classification is that providing for the highest
appearing tautomeric form. The other tautomeric forms are
classified as cross-references lower in the hierarchy.
3. Markush claims. In classifying a patent containing Markush
type claims (i.e., a compound selected from the group
consisting of A, B, and C), where no species claim is
presented, the original classification of the patent is the
first appearing subclass that provides for any species of the
Markush group.
If, in addition to the Markush group claim, the patent
contains species claims, the original classification will be
the highest appearing subclass that provides for any of the
species claims. Any remaining species claims and any species
covered by the Markush claim but not claimed in a species
claim will be cross-reference classifications.
4. Intermediate-final product. If a patent claims a final
product compound and a compound used as an intermediate in
the preparation of the final compound, the original
classification of the patent will be determined by which
compound is provided for highest in the Class 260 hierarchy.
5. The primary determinant of classification in Class 260 and
its integral classes is the compound. Patents claiming both
compound and a process therefor are classified with the
compound, unless a process subclass has been provided. If a
process subclass has been provided, the original
classification of the patent is determined by whether the
process subclass is higher or lower in the schedule than the
compound subclass, with the highest appearing subclass being
the original classification. If a compound subclass has
process indents thereunder, a patent claiming both compound
and process will be placed as an original in the compound
subclass and cross-referenced to the appropriate indented
process subclass.
6. Unknown structure. The structure of an organic carbon
compound is "unknown" when not enough information about the
structure is available to enable its unequivocal placement in
a single subclass. In such a case, the compound is generally
classified on the basis of the process involved in its
synthesis, if such a process subclass exists and the nature
of the process can be determined. If no such process subclass
exists, the compound is classified on the basis of the
highest appearing starting material used in its synthesis. If
no structure is provided for the compound, but the structure
can be deduced with confidence from a consideration of the
starting materials and process used in its synthesis, a
cross-reference should be placed in the subclass which
provides for the structure deduced. These rules may be
superceded by rules specifically set forth for particular
integral classes of Class 260.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. Hierarchy of Class 260 and its Integral Classes.
As a result of extensive reclassification, Class 260 has been
subdivided as follows:
CLASS 260 HIERARCHY
CLASS 260/1 (Miscellaneous Organic Carbon Compounds)
. Class 518 (Fischer-Tropsch Processes)
. Class 520/1 (Synthetic Resins & Natural Rubbers)
.. Class 521 (Ion-Exchange Polymers, Cellular Products,
Waste Polymer Recovery)
. . Class 522 (Wave Energy Polymer Chemistry)
. . Class 523/1 (Synthetic Resin Compositions with
Nonreactant Material)
. .. Class 524
. . Class 525 (Chemically Treated Synthetic Resins,
Compositions of Plural Synthetic Resins)
.. Class 526 (Miscellaneous Processes, Synthetic Resins
from Only Ethylenically Unsaturated
Monomers)
.. Class 527 (Synthetic Resins from Specified Natural
Sources)
.. Class 528 (Synthetic Resins from Plant Material of
Unknown Constitution or Specified Reactant)
. Class 530 (Natural Resins, Peptides, Proteins, Lignins)
. Class 532/1 (No Patents Here at Present; Intended Future
Residual Subclass After Abolition of Class 260)
.. Class 534 (Radioactive or Rare Earth Metal Compounds,
Azo and Diazo Compounds)
.. Class 536 (Carbohydrates)
.. Class 540/1 (Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds)
. .. Class 544 (Six-Membered Nitrogen Hetero Rings with Two
or More Hetero Atoms)
. .. Class 546 (Six-Membered Hetero Rings with One Ring
Nitrogen)
. .. Class 548 (Five-, Four- or Three-Membered Nitrogen
Hetero Rings)
. .. Class 549 (Oxygen or Sulfur Hetero Rings)
.. Class 552 (Azides, Triphenylmethanes, Quinones,
Hydroquinones, Steroids)
.. Class 554 (Fats, Fatty Derivatives)
.. Class 556 (Heavy Metal, Aluminum or Silicon Compounds)
.. Class 558 (Esters)
.. Class 560 (Esters)
.. Class 562 (Acids, Acid Halides, Acid Anhydrides,
Selenium & Tellurium Compounds)
. . Class 564 (Amino Nitrogen Compounds)
. . Class 568 (Boron,Phosphorus, Sulfur, or Oxygen
Compounds)
. . Class 260/665R (Carbon-Metal Compounds)
. . Class 570 (Halogen Compounds)
. Class 585 (Hydrocarbons)
The integral classes of Class 260 (i.e., Classes 518-585)
retain the original hierarchy of Class 260. Each integral
class should be regarded as a subclass within Class 260; note
that different classes are at different indent levels, and
that these indent and outdent classes bear the same
relationship to each other that indent and outdent subclasses
within a single class do.
All the integral classes are subject to the provisions of
this Class 260 Class Definition. In addition, Class 518, each
Class (520-528) in the Class 520 Series of Classes, Class 523
( the parent class of the Class 532 series of classes) and
Class 585 have their own Class Definitions.
B. Statements of General Class Lines.
Organic carbon compounds are classified in Class 260 and its
integral classes, irrespective of the utility claimed or
disclosed for the compound. For example, a new organic carbon
compound disclosed to exhibit herbicidal properties is
classified herein. To be classified in Class 504, Plant
Protecting and Regulating Compositions, the compound must be
claimed as the active ingredient in a herbicidal composition
claim or in a herbicidal method of use claim.
To qualify as a composition claim, a claim must contain
positive recitation of at least two components. In other
words, a claim that reads
-- A herbicidal composition comprising pyridine --
would be treated as a compound claim proper for the Class 260
area rather than as a composition claim. If the claim were
presented as
-- A herbicidal composition comprising pyridine and a
herbicidally acceptable carrier --
said claim would be considered a proper composition claim
classifiable in Class 504, Plant Protecting and Regulating
Compositions, even though the positive recitation of the
second component is functional and generic.
Physical treatments, per se, of organic carbon compounds are
not provided for by Class 260 and its integral classes when
they are specifically provided for elsewhere.
C. Statements of Specific Class Lines.
This section sets forth lines between the Class 260 area and
individual classes.
(1) Class 106, Compositions, Coating or Plastic, provides for
coating or plastic compositions not elsewhere provided for
that contain organic carbon compounds; new organic carbon
compounds, however, are provided for in Class 260 and its
integral classes, even though they may have utility as
plastic or coating materials. An exception to the above is
that Classes 523 and 524, integral classes of Class 260,
(each entitled Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers - Part of
the Class 520 Series) provide for certain coating, plastic
and other compositions containing synthetic resins or natural
rubber.
Class 106 also includes compositions of materials or
ingredients not in themselves coating or plastic compositions
but which are limited to use in the preparation of coating or
plastic compositions.
Lakes, being for the most part adsorption products of carbon
dyes with insoluble metal hydroxides, carbonates, or
sulfates, are not regarded as being carbon compounds when a
preformed substratum is employed and are placed in Class
106, subclass 402. When, however, the substratum is
simultaneously synthesized with the dye compound, it is
classified in Class 260 and integral classes. For example, a
lake formed by coupling a diazo and a coupling component in
the presence of barium sulfate is classified in Class 106,
whereas a lake formed by synthesizing the same dye in the
presence of barium chloride and soluble sulfate would
be classified in Class 260 and its integral classes. Metal
salts of a definite organic carbon compound are classified in
Class 260 and its integral classes.
(2) Class 127, Sugar, Starch and Carbohydrates, provides for
the hydrolytic conversion of carbohydrates to starches,
sugars and dextrin. Class 260 (most specifically in integral
Class 536, Organic Compounds - Part of the Class 532-570
Series) provides generally for other syntheses of such
compounds. Class 127 also includes subject matter which is
wholly peculiar to processes of extracting, or purifying,
natural starch, natural sucrose or other natural
carbohydrates (except cellulose), processes of hydrolyzing
carbohydrates or processes of separating or purifying the
products of such hydrolysis.
(3) Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 157.15-158.21, provide for wave energy synthetic
methods for the production of organic carbon compounds
(except for wave energy synthesis of synthetic resins and
natural rubbers, which are classified in Class 522, Synthetic
Resins or Natural Rubbers - Part of the Class 520 Series, an
integral Class of Class 260). Class 204, subclasses 165-172
provide for the synthesis of organic carbon compounds by
electrostatic field or electrical discharge energy methods.
Synthetic chemical reactions which result from merely the
thermal effects of electrical or wave energy are classified
in this Class 260 and its integral classes. Chemical
processes which recite both a Class 260 synthetic step and a
Class 204 synthetic step are classified in (a) Class 260 or
its integral classes if the Class 204-type step precedes the
Class 260-type step, and (b) in Class 204 if the Class
260-type step precedes the Class 204-type step. Branching
processes wherein one branch comprises a Class 204-type
process and another branch comprises a Class 260-type process
will be classified in Class 260 or its integral Classes and
cross-referenced to Class 204.
(4) Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used
Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
provides in subclasses 355-356 for electrolytic synthesis of
organic carbon compounds from a fused bath, and in subclasses
413-463 for electrolytic synthesis of organic carbon
compounds from an aqueous bath or a bath other than a fused
bath. Class 205 is an integral class of Class 204, supra, and
thus processes involving (1) combinations of Class 205-type
steps and Class 260-type steps and (2) Class 205-Class 260
branching processes are treated in a manner parallel to that
described in the discussion of Class 204, supra. Class
205 does not provide for synthetic reactions which result
from the thermal effects of electrical energy; such reactions
are classified in this Class 260 and its integral classes.
(5) Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, provides for
certain compounds which fall under the Class 260 class
definition, i.e., hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid,
cyanamide, cyanogen halide, isothiocyanic acid,
fulminic acid, and metal carbide. For dicyanamide,
dicyandiamide, and salts thereof, see Class 564, Organic
Compounds - Part of the Class 532-570 Series (an integral
class of Class 260), particularly subclasses 103-106.
Processes directed to the production of both Class 423 and
Class 260 area compounds are classified in Class 423 and
cross-referenced to Class 260, unless the Class 423
compound is only incidentally produced and is not an
objective of the process.
(6) Class 424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating C
ompositions, and its integral Class 514 provide for
compositions containing organic carbon compounds. A claim to
the use of an organic carbon to treat an animal body or to
kill, repel, etc. a pest is classified in these classes. An
amimal or plant extract of undetermined constitution, from a
single source and useful for body treating or pest control,
etc., is classified in Class 424, particularly subclasses
520-583 and 195.1-197.1.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
18, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for compositions adapted
and intended for use in dyeing and in the chemical treatment
of textiles, hides, skins, feathers, animal tissues, and
fibers, together with processes of use of such compositions
and processes for their manufacture. Class 260 and its
integral classes provide for patents containing claims to a
definite carbon compound and claims to (a) "fiber dyed
therewith" or (b) a broadly defined process of dyeing
therewith.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for subject
matter wholly peculiar to the drying of solids or slurries,
such as, for example, the drying of a specific organic carbon
compound in an inert atmosphere. Class 260 and its integral
classes, on the other hand, provide for removal of water of
crystallization; such removal is considered a chemical
manufacturing operation.
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 216 for
acetylene made by processes wherein carbides are decomposed
with water.
62, Refrigeration, includes means for separating liquids by
selectively freezing one of them and means for separating
gaseous mixtures in which one or more of the gases of the
mixture are liquefied during the course of the separation.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, for fertilizer mixtures
containing organic carbon compounds.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for subject matter which is
wholly peculiar to the separation by physical means, except
by refrigeration, of a gaseous or vaporous organic carbon
compound from a mixture of gases or vapors.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic
or organic, and by all techniques, including chemical
reactions (e.g., synthesis, modifying). See Class 117
definitions for guidance in placement of single-crystal art.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, for
explosive mixtures containing organic carbon compounds,
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for laminating processes which use
adhesives which may contain an organic carbon compound. See
particularly subclasses 326-338.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, includes subject-matter
wholly peculiar to the concentration by physical means of
solutions of carbon compounds coming within the definition of
this class (260).
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 1-99 for
matter which is wholly peculiar to processes of treating
cellulose containing natural products, involving chemical
action, to separate or purify the cellulose. Class 19,
Textiles, Fiber Preparation, for processess of liberating
cellulose fibers involving physical treatment only.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, includes subject
matter peculiar to thermolytic distillation not otherwise
provided for.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, includes matter
peculiar to distilling a mixture to separate as a product a
desired component present as such in the original mixture.
For a process including an extraction step followed by a
distillation step, see Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds (including Class 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon
Compounds) or Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, provides for
subject matter peculiar to distilling a mixture to separate
as a product a desired component present as such in the
original mixture. Processes including a separatory
distillation step and a disparate physical separation step,
such as extraction, are classified in Class 203 if the
disparate step follows the distillation step and the process
is not otherwise provided for. Processes of separating a
specific organic chemical compound which recite an extraction
step followed by a distillation step are classified in Class
260 and its integral classes.
208, Mineral Oils, Processes and Products, for cracking
methods of treating mineral oils or fractions thereof, except
where the objective of the purification process is to recover
or prepare a compound falling within the scope of Class 260
and its integral classes..
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
166 for subject-matter peculiar to the separating and
assorting of solids; also flotation processes involving the
use of carbon compounds as flotation agents, even though a
definite carbon compound is also claimed.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for subject matter
peculiar to the separation or purification of liquids.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for
processes and apparatus for comminuting solid material.
252, Compositions, for a variety of compositions of different
utilities, which may contain organic carbon compounds as
components of the compositions. See the reference to Class
117 in this section for colloid systems.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes for processes of molding or shaping materials which
may consist of or contain organic carbon compounds. In
general, patents which include both the preparation and a
significant molding or working treatment of a compound or
composition classifiable in Class 260 or its integral classes
are classified in Class 264 and cross-referenced to Class 260
or its integral classes when desirable. Where the molding of
such a material or composition is nominally recited or is
merely incidental to the preparation of the compound or
composition, the patent is classified in Class 260 or its
integral classes.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, for the production of certain organic compounds and
compositions, when the chemical reaction takes place within a
nuclear reactor and some nuclear reactor structure or step is
claimed. The broad recitation of using a nuclear reactor in
such process is not sufficient to place patent in Class 376.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses, for chemical apparatus, and processes as listed
in the class title.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for molding
or shaping of plastic materials which consist of or contain
organic carbon compounds.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, includes compositions or products containing carbon
compounds, but a new organic carbon compound is classified in
this class (260), even though it may be a food or edible
material. Proteins, oils and fats from a single source are
regarded as being definite carbon compounds. For process of
removing caffeine and tannin from coffee and tea, see
subclasses 427-428. Class 426 also provides for extracts or
essential oils of unknown constitution which have been
traditionally employed as flavorings, flavor unknowns,
seasoning agents, food acidulents or condiments; examples are
citrus oil, which has been used for centuries as a flavorant,
and vingar. Processes of extracting such extracts or
essential oils are classified with the mixtures, unless
provided for elsewhere.
427, Coating Processes, the generic coating class, for all
coating processes not otherwise provided for. Patents,
however, which contain a claim to a coating compound or
composition classified in Class 260 or its integral classes
and a claim to a nonsignificant coating process are
classified with the coating compound or composition. See the
Class Definition of Class 427 for a discussion of what
constitutes a nonsignificant coating process.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a web
or sheet which may include structurally defined organic
compounds, and especially the appropriate subclasses in the
subclasses 411.1-704 for a nonstructural composite web or
sheet which includes a layer including a carbon compound.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for compositions containing organic carbon
compounds, such as, for example, sensitizing or developing
compositions.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, takes
mere processes of making, separating, or purifying organic
carbon compounds by operations that include fermentations, as
well as compositions and apparatus that are specialized for
use therein, and processes of making such compositions for
such use; also ferments that are carbon compounds (enzymes)
respectively and processes of making. Products resulting
from biological processes (fermentation) are classified
according to the products of those processes.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or
Process of Making, for catalysts and methods of making
catalysts. However, claims to producing organic carbon
compounds via catalytic methods are classified in appropriate
subclasses of Class 260 or its integral classes.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, for plant
growth regulating compositions containing organic carbon
compounds.
512, Perfume Compositions, for plant extracts or essential
oils of unknown constitution which are disclosed as essences,
aromatic oils, perfume essences, or odoriferous essential
oils. The class also provides for processes of extracting
these substance (e.g., enfleurage, etc.) unless provided for
elsewhwere.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art. For finely divided organic compounds, placement is
proper where the organic compound is classified.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses for the destruction or containment of
hazardous or toxic waste that contains an organic carbon
compound.
987, Organic Compound Containing a Bi, Sb, As, or P Atom or
Containing a Metal Atom of the 6th to 8th Group of the
Periodic System, for U.S. patents relating to the above
subject matter classified according to the European Patent
Classification Systems (EPCS) and for the most part
classified by personnel in the European Patent Office (EPO).
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Organic
carbon compounds.
(1) Note. This subclass serves as the residual home for any
organic carbon compounds comprehended by the Class Definition
and not provided for by the integral classes delineated in
the Class 260 hierarchy outline in the Lines With Other
Classes section of the class definition.
Subclass:
665
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Compounds under
Class 532, ... containing a metal other than a heavy metal
or aluminum bonded to carbon, e.g.; 1, 4-disodium naphthalene
and phenyl magnesium chloride.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
These Art Collections are Based on industry or art use.
Subclass:
998.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product
classifiable under Class 520 ... useful in the filling of
teeth or the manufacture of artificial teeth.
Subclass:
998.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... intended to be used in heat shields of the
type which function by a controlled decomposition of the
front surface to keep heat from the back surface. Some
patents in this subclass are related to compositions useful
in re-entry heat shields for space vehicles.
Subclass:
998.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... intended to operate by friction or rubbing as
in a brake or clutch or which is intended to have a high
coefficient of friction as in the prevention of skidding or
slipping.
Subclass:
998.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... intended for use as a ball, bat, pin or billy
or as any part thereof. This subclass included compositions
used as e.g., solid golf balls, golf ball covers, bowling pin
coating, etc.
Subclass:
998.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... intended to be used in preformed sheet form to
cover floors or like areas exposed to pedestrian or vehicular
traffic and compositions used in making the external traffic
bearing surfaces of same (e.g., roll flooring, plastic tile
etc.).
Subclass:
998.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Products under
Class 520 ... which are intended for use in making records
of sound or which are used to reproduce sound (e.g.,
phonograph records, etc.) by other than magnetic means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 62.51 for compositions which
record or reproduce sound by magnetic means.
Subclass:
998.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... which has a pearlescent or opalescent
appearance.
Subclass:
998.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... useful as a mold or in coating a mold. Many
patents in this subclass are drawn to sand molds bonded with
synthetic resin useful in the metal casting art.
Subclass:
998.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Product under
Class 520 ... which are either used as the surface exposed
to vehicular traffic and applied to the surface as fluent
material or are used to mark a surface used for vehicular
traffic. The marking materials may be either fluent or
preformed (e.g., strips, etc.).
Subclass:
998.2
Dipeptides, e.g., aspartame, anserine, carnosine, etc.:
Compounds which are compound formed by the formation of a
peptide bond between 2 amino acids.
(1) Note. The presence of the term dipeptide is not
dispositive although it should alert the user to the
possibility of classification in this subclass.
(2) Note. Caution should be observed in search for
compounds denominated as dipeptides or containing a single
peptide bond between an amino acid and another moiety or a
peptide bond connecting complex heterocyclic compounds. Such
compounds should be searched as if this subclass did not
exist.
(3) Note. Dipeptide. Compounds denominated dipeptides have
been placed in this subclass and its indents as a search aid.
The patents in these subclasses have been otherwise placed
as if these subclasses did not exist.
Subclass:
998.21
Aspartylphenylalanine esters and cyclohexylalanine esters:
Subject matter under subclasss 998.2 in which the dipeptide
is either a aspartylphenylaline ester or a cyclohexylalanine
ester.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to collect dipeptide
sweeteners.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
801 for peptide or proteins disclosed as providing a sweet
taste.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, subclass 801
for peptide or proteins disclosed as providing a sweet
taste.
Subclass:
998.22
Arginine containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 998.2. Subject
matter in which one of the amino acids of the dipeptide is
arginine.
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Last Modified: 6 October 2000