U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 250
RADIANT ENERGY
Class Definition:
This is the residual class for methods and apparatus
involving radiant energy.
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
This class provides for all methods and apparatus for using,
generating, controlling or detecting radiant energy,
combinations including such methods or apparatus,
subcombinations of same and accessories therefore not
classifiable elsewhere.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Many other classes provide for methods and apparatus
involving radiant energy, per se, or in combination when such
methods or apparatus are also the subject matter of the class
in question.
In general, subject matter involving radiant energy is
provided for in other classes on the basis of either a
specific use of the radiant energy or a specific type of
radiant energy. Classes explicitly providing for subject
matter involving radiant energy are listed below and arranged
according to the above described basis of classification
followed by some miscellaneous classes.
CLASSES PROVIDING FOR SPECIFIC USES OF RADIANT ENERGY
See References to Other Classes for the following art areas:
Uses of Radiant Energy For Separating and Assorting
Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating
Uses of Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control
Uses of Radiant Energy For Testing
Uses of Radiant Energy As A Medium of Communication
CLASSES PROVIDING FOR SPECIFIC TYPES OF RADIANT ENERGY
Classes Providing for Electron Space Discharge Type of
Radiant Energy
Visible Light Type
Other Wave Type
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 103 and 444
for wave energy (Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating).
15, Brushing, Scrubbing and General Cleaning, subclass 1.51
for electrostatic cleaning (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating).
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 0.21, for
photoresponsive control of stopping (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
33, Geometrical Instruments, 227 for light-ray type;
subclasses 272+ for magnetic compasses; subclass 360,
magnetic field responsive indicator of the direction of force
traversing a natural media, using a CRT or photoelectric
cell; and subclass 363, electrical telemetering with a
photoelectric pickoff (Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 363, electrical
telemetering with a photoelectric pickoff (Using Radiant
Energy As A Medium of Communication).
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 245 for
processes and apparatus for drying or gas or vapor contact
with solids in which the material or object treated is
subjected to electromagnetic or electrostatic energy,
including radiant electromagnetic energy; subclasses 266+,
treating feathers with radiant energy; and subclasses 524+,
with automatic control (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating).
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 542 for luminous
signs; subclasses 465+, display with special effects having
photoelectric switching control of electric circuit
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 17.1
for electric current type and subclass 17.5 for luminous
type; subclass 59, condition responsive burglar traps
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 25, for radiant
energy control, and subclasses 197+ for photocell control of
an up-and-over, e.g., garage door, opener (Radiant Energy As
a Medium of Control)
60, Power Plants, subclass 202 for ion motors.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 3.1 for electrical or magnetic
effect type; subclasses 139 and 140, automatic control by
accumulation of ice or frost.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23 for the analysis of
gases; particularly; subclass 23.1 for the combination of a
gas chromatography test and a radiation (invisible and
visible) test, of the effluent from the test, subclasses
53.01+ for the examination of liquids or a liquid suspension
of solids; particularly, subclass 61.4 for the visible light
examination of the settling rate of a liquid suspension of
solids, subclasses 73+ for moisture content or absorption
characteristics generally, subclass 104 for surface or
cutlery edge testing generally, and subclasses 151+ for bore
hole and drilling study tests generally, subclasses 861+ for
volume or rate of flow meters generally, and subclasses 290+
for liquid level or depth gauges including those using
visible light (Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
84, Music, subclass 639 and 724 for photocell controlled
tone generators.
89, Ordnance, subclass 41.06, for operation of mount training
mechanism motors by light reception (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
95, Gas Separation: Processes, subclass 27 and 28 for
processes of gas separation using magnetism and subclasses
57+ for processes of gas separation using an electric or
electrostatic field (Uses of Radiant Energy For Separating
and Assorting).
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 1 for magnetic separating
means for gas separation and subclasses 15+ for electric or
electrostatic field separation apparatus for gas separation
(Uses of Radiant Energy For Separating and Assorting)..
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 342, with
signal, indicator or tester; subclasses 358 and 451 for
apparatus for subjecting foods and beverages to wave, radiant
and electrical energy (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)).
101, Printing, subclass 470 for copying for plate making
using radiant energy
112, Sewing, 80.23 for embroidery with optical pattern
program means (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 691, for photoelectric
sensors responsive to condition of coating material (Radiant
Energy As a Medium of Control)
118, Coating Apparatus, 620 for coating apparatus combined
with means to apply radiant energy to the work (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
131, Tobacco, subclass 294 and 299 for radiant energy; and
subclass 333 for smoke separating or treating (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 1 for
processes of cleaning or contacting of solids with liquids
which includes the application of radiant energy, including
radiant electric energy, to the work; and subclass 113, with
alarm, signal, indicating, testing, inspecting, illuminating
or display means (Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
137, Fluid Handing, subclass 78.1, for condition responsive
photocells; and subclass 93, for maintaining or sensing
mixture condition by optical or chemical property in
self-proportioning or correlating systems (Radiant Energy As
a Medium of Control)
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, 192, for automatic control of flow cutoff or
diversion (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 67 for methods of surface bonding and/or assembly
therefor utilizing phosphorescent or fluorescent materials;
subclass 244.17, surface bonding with lamina formation or
coating by electric, magnetic or wave energy; subclasses
350+, automatic and/or material-triggered control, especially
subclass 378, including testing, measuring or indicating
means; and subclass 379.6 for apparatus with means applying
wave energy to work (Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,
subclass 5, for weather and/or light initiated automatic
control (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49 and 192
for processes using radiant energy; and subclass 263,
measuring, testing, inspecting, indicating or illumination
(Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
164, Metal Founding, 147.1 for electromagnetic means to
apply force to work and subclasses 250.1+ for means to apply
electrical or wave energy to work (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)
166, Wells, subclass 336, with measuring, testing, inspection
or condition determination; and subclass 247 for processes
using nuclear energy or radioactivity for treating (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
166, Wells, 250, for means to indicate, measure, test, or
locate wells (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 41 for such
subject matter combined with ray energy detection or
measuring (see For Testing).
178, Telegraphy, subclass 70, photocell repeaters (Using
Radiant Energy As A Medium of Communication).
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 129, for an
electrical stop mechanism with photocell control; and
subclass 142, radio tuner type limit stops (Radiant Energy
As a Medium of Control)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155 for the
production of a compound or element by chemical reaction
brought about by electrical or wave energy in a magnetic
field, subclasses 157.15+ for processes of treating materials
involving a chemical reaction brought about by wave energy,
subclasses 164+ for production of an element or compound by
chemical reaction in an electrostatic field or involving an
electrical discharge, subclasses 450+ for electrophoresis or
electro-osmosis, subclasses 554+ for electrical or
simultaneous electrical and magnetic separation or
purification of a liquid or magnetic treatment of a liquid
(other than separation), subclasses 194+ for electrolytic
apparatus, subclasses 600+ for electrophoretic or
electro-osmotic apparatus, and subclasses 660+ for apparatus
for electrical or simultaneous electrical and magnetic
separation or purification of a liquid or magnetic treatment
of a liquid (other than separation (Uses of Radiant Energy
For Separating and Assorting).
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155, 157.15+ and
164+ for processes for preparing elements or compounds
through chemical reactions brought about by the agency of
wave energy, see this class (250) subclasses 492.1+ for
corresponding apparatus (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for electrolysis, in
general (Uses of Radiant Energy For Separating and
Assorting).
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 12 for
coloring treatments including fluorescence (Uses of Radiant
Energy For Treating)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially 212 and 213+ for magnetic
types and subclass 511, 524, 536, and 576 for radiant energy
type automatic assorting, subclasses 127.1+ for electrostatic
type (Uses of Radiant Energy For Separating and Assorting).
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for methods and
apparatus for the separation of a liquid from a liquid on a
solid generally, particularly subclass 222 for the magnetic
separation of particles from a liquid; and subclass 745,
process control by optical sensing of condition (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Separating and Assorting).
219, Electric Heating, 6.5 for induction; electrostatic or
electromagnetic heating, subclasses 121.11 for electric arc
metal heating; and subclasses 383+ for other electric arc
type heating devices
235, Registers, subclasses 454-473 for coded record sensors
involving optical testing; and subclasses 400+, ordnance or
weapons system computer (Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass .5 for processes of shaping or treating
radioactive material, subclasses 405+ for direct application
of electrical or wave energy to work; and subclasses 408+,
for processes of measuring, testing, or inspecting with
sensing by utilizing light or passage of electric field
current through material (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)
219, Electric Heating, 121.6, using laser with beam position
control. (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
219, Electric Heating, various subclasses for infrared
generators (Class Providing for Other Wave Type of Radiant
Energy).
235, Registers, 400, for ordnance or weapons systems
computer, e.g., subclass 411, with target tracking means
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 324, especially
subclass 331.4 for a photoelectric control for regulating
winding or unwinding of magnetic tape or photos:graphic film;
subclasses 410+ for a photoelectric control for regulating
tension in a running length of material; subclasses 534+ for
a photoelectric control in a winding machine, and subclasses
563+ for a photoelectric control in an unwinding machine
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
244, Aeronautics, 3.1, for missile stabilization or
trajectory control utilizing radiant energy, especially
subclasses 3.16+ (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
246, Railway Switches and Signals, 29 for automatic
block-signal systems utilizing radiant energy (Radiant
Energy As a Medium of Control)
252, Compositions, subclass 478 for X-ray neutron shield
compositions; subclasses 625+ for radioactive compositions;
and subclasses 301.16, 301.36, and 301.4, respectively, for
luminescent compositions.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118,
184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, and 414-466 for
invisible radiation-sensitive active semiconductor devices.
Class 257 limits itself to active solid state electronic
device structures whereas Class 250, subclasses 370.01+
through 371 are limited to active semiconductor radiant
energy detection systems. Some potential conflicts occur when
an optical element is claimed. Where an optical element is
recited as being integral with a semiconductive photodetector
element, encapsulant housing or package, it will be
classified in Class 257. Separate elements not part of the
radiant energy detecting element or package and claimed
therewith will be classified in Class 250, subclasses 370.01+
(Class Providing for Electron Space Discharge Type of Radiant
Energy)
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 117 for radiant energy responsive switching systems
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 301
for nuclear reaction types; and subclass 306 for thermal or
pyromagnetic types
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 116 for systems
involving nonmagnetic motors
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 2 for
generating systems of the nonmagnetic type; subclass 26,
automatic control with light or photoresponsive control
circuits
330, Amplifiers, especially 4 for maser type amplifiers;
subclass 42 for secondary electron emissive types; subclasses
44+ for electron beam types; subclasses 47+ for magnetically
influenced discharge device types; and subclass 59, having
light controlled or activated device
331, Oscillators, especially 94 for molecular or particle
resonant types; and subclass 66, light responsive ambient
condition sensor.
332, Modulators, 131, 153+, 165+, 169+, 179+, employing
electron discharge tube, especially subclass 132 for
magnetron types, subclass 133 for klystron types.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 175 for resonant,
discrete frequency selective type wave filters; and
subclasses 219+ for resonators of the distributed parameter
type.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses, for electric space discharge devices, per se,
including X-ray tubes, cathode-ray tubes, electric discharge
lamps, liquid electrode discharge devices, gas or vapor
filled discharge devices and vacuum tubes, and for the
electrodes, filaments fluorescent targets and shields for
electric space discharge devices; 523, photosensitive
discharge tubes; and subclasses 365+, image pickup cathode
ray tubes (Class Providing for Electron Space Discharge Type
of Radiant Energy)
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, subclass 22 for consumable electrode discharge
devices which have means to feed a fluent, material, (e.g.,
solid particles) to the discharge space (Class Providing for
Electron Space Discharge Type of Radiant Energy)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
especially subclass 111.01 for systems wherein a fluent
material is supplied to the discharge area between the
discharge electrodes of the discharge device; subclass 134,
readout energy responsive control of signal, indicator or
alarm; and subclasses 149+, with radiant energy sensitive
control means (Class Providing for Electron Space Discharge
Type of Radiant Energy)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for measuring or
testing of electrical properties by the use of radiant
energy; for measuring or testing of nonelectric properties
(e.g., magnetic fields, 244 ) by electrical means; and
subclass 344, measuring and testing a geophysical surface or
subsurface in situ with a radiant energy receiver (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 509 for miscellaneous circuits
responsive to external effects such as radiant energy
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems (Class Providing for Electron Space
Discharge Type of Radiant Energy)
329, Demodulators, subclass 144, with light or heat beam
deflection or modulation as a significant part of the
detecting operation (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
332, Modulators, subclass 3, a modulator combined with a
photoelectric intelligence signal source (Using Radiant
Energy As A Medium of Communication).
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks (Class Providing
for Other Wave Type of Radiant Energy).
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, especially 210, for electron or ion beam
deflecting magnets, per se (Radiant Energy As a Medium of
Control)
338, Electrical Resistors, 13 for such devices responsive to
radiant energy (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 15, light sensitive
resistance (Class Providing for Electron Space Discharge Type
of Radiant Energy)
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 825.69 and 825.72
for radio control of an art device (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
340, Communications: Electrical, especially subclass 825.97
for electron beam selective types, subclasses 870.01+ for
telemetering, especially subclass 870.29, with photoelectric
pickup; subclass 942, photoelectric vehicle detectors;
subclasses 555+, specific condition responsive indicating
systems, especially subclasses 578, detecting flame by
radiant energy, subclass 583, detecting ice formation by
radiant energy {and} subclass 600, {for alarms} responsive to
radiant energy, subclass 619, liquid level detection by
radiant energy, and subclass 630, photoelectric smoke and
other particle detectors (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 1, digital pattern
reading converter, especially subclasses 13, optical, and 14,
optical waveguide, and subclass 31, photoelectric actuated
keyboard code generator (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 52, combined with
diverse type radiant energy systems, laser, TV, etc. (Using
Radiant Energy As A Medium of Communication).
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for
light pen input to selective visual display communication
systems (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of Communication).
346, Recorders, 107.1 for light or beam recording of
phenomenon information. See, also, subclass 33, combined with
external optical system recorder operating means.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 129 for
electrostatic marking by photoscanning, subclasses 224+ for
light or beam marking
348, Television, 207 for television camera using a
photocell, including subclasses 294+ for solid-state image
sensor and subclass 332 for array of photocells (see As A
Medium of Communication)..
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,
subclass 210, using a photodetector to detect eye movement in
an eye examining or test instrument (Using Radiant Energy For
Testing).
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 140, for focus
control; and subclass 141, automatic diaphragm control
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
352, Optics: Motion Pictures (Class Providing for Visible
Light Type of Radiant Energy).
353, Optics: Image Projectors (Class Providing for Visible
Light Type of Radiant Energy).
355, Photocopying (Class Providing for Visible Light Type of
Radiant Energy).
355, Photocopying, subclass 68, for illumination systems
including photocells; subclasses 55+, for photodetector use
with focus or magnification control; subclass 41, for
identifying, composing or selecting using photocell; and
subclass 38, for color film exposure or light intensity
control (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing (Class Providing for
Visible Light Type of Radiant Energy).
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for photocell methods
and apparatus, subclass 71 for document pattern analysis or
verification; subclasses 364+ for examination of materials
using polarized light; subclass 371 for flatness tests;
subclasses 372+ for measurement of material dimensions;
subclasses 399+ for determining lateral alignment; subclasses
402+ for shade or color tests; subclasses 429+ for monitoring
of webs or threads; and subclasses 237.1+ for the inspection
for flaws or imperfections (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 400 for
facsimile (phototelegraphy). (Using Radiant Energy As A
Medium of Communication).
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 for light wave communications (Using Radiant Energy As A
Medium of Communication).
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements
(Class Providing for Visible Light Type of Radiant Energy).
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
142 for light wave remote control and subclasses 507+ for
moisture or foreign particle control of optical elements or
systems using photoelectric sensors (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 31, monitoring or testing the progress of recording,
and subclass 74.6, photoelectric stopping or reversing
control of a recorder (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 225 for
particle charging, and subclasses 230+ for ionizing (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 173 for
photosensitive devices included in electromagnetic or relay
control circuit (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 106, radiant
energy; subclasses 215+, optical read/write circuits; and
subclasses 234+, optical address (Using Radiant Energy As A
Medium of Communication).
367, Communication, Electrical: Acoustic Wave System and
Devices, subclass 64, optical processing of land reflection
type seismic prospecting (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 44, for
optical transducers used in dynamic information storage and
retrieval; and subclasses 100+, for radiation beam
modification of, or by, storage medium (Using Radiant Energy
As A Medium of Communication).
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, subclass
11, for combinations with ambient condition detector
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
370, Multiplex Communications, 1, optical multiplex
communications(Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
372, Coherent Light Generators, 9, for particular beam
control devices (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 32 for
measuring the total thermal energy or power emitted from a
radiating source; subclasses 121+ for determining temperature
by measuring thermally emitted radiation; and subclass 162
for measuring temperature by a color change indicator (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
375, Pulse or Digital Communications (Using Radiant Energy
As A Medium of Communication).
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 248, testing, sensing, measuring, or
detecting a fission reactor condition using optics (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for carrying out nuclear reactions particularly of the
sustained or controlled type.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 53, systems with
photoelectric detector; and subclass 6, counting of inanimate
entities (Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices (Class Providing
for Other Wave Type of Radiant Energy).
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses for testing and analyzing using X-ray or gamma
rays; and subclass 20, 68+, 177+, 195+, and 205+ for X-ray
devices with object alignment or positioning means (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 64 for X-ray or
gamma ray irradiation devices (Uses of Radiant Energy For
Treating)
382, Image Analysis, all subclasses (Using Radiant Energy
For Testing).
382, Image Analysis (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
396, Photography, 549 for phototype composing, subclasses
89+ for automatic camera focussing with photoelectric
control; subclasses 213+ for automatic exposure control; and
subclass 570 for photocell controlled fluid-treating means
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
399, Electrophotography, 38 for control of
electrophotography processes (e.g., charging, exposure,
developing, transfer, fixing, and cleaning (Radiant Energy
As a Medium of Control)
399, Electrophotography, 9 for diagnostics of
electrophotos:graphic device and functions (Using Radiant
Energy For Testing).
362, Illumination, subclass 84 for a light source and
luminescent material; subclasses 260 and 266 for luminescent
light sources with light modifiers; and subclass 4, light
responsive photos:graphic lighting
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate
subclasses for arc and induction furnaces.
396, Photography, for apparatus for photochemically recording
visible light.
399, Electrophotography (Class Providing for Visible Light
Type of Radiant Energy).
409, Gear Cutting, Milling or Planing, subclass 128, for a
tracer adapted to trigger a photocell (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 1 for processes of
disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing
nonfoods by subjecting the same to electric or
electromagnetic energy; subclasses 50+, analyzer, indicator
or manipulative laboratory device; subclass 162, automatic
analytical monitor and control of industrial products;
subclass 85, with color change; subclass 91, gas analysis
with adsorption with photometric detector; and subclass 106,
control element responsive to sensed liquid level (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 1.11
for methods of using a radionuclide containing compound or
compositions, and for compositions comprising a radionuclide;
and subclass subclasses 9.1+, for in vivo diagnosis and
testing compositions and subclasses 10.1+, for Class 424
compositions with an identification or warning feature (Uses
of Radiant Energy For Treating)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Product, subclass 234, 236 and 237+ for processes involving
the use of electrical, wave or radiant energy in food
treatments (Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
427, Coating Processes, subclass 10, optical measuring,
testing and indicating; subclass 157, coating processes using
a fluorescent or phosphorescent coating, and subclasses 457+
for processes of coating using electrical, magnetic, wave, or
particulate energy (Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
427, Coating Processes, 457 for utilizing electrical or
radiant energy and subclass 157 for phosphorescent coating.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof (Class Providing for Other Wave Type of
Radiant Energy).
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for processes of forming an image using all
forms of radiation.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof (Class Providing for Visible Light Type of
Radiant Energy).
434, Education and Demonstration, 112, communication aids for
the handicapped (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
434, Education and Demonstration, 1, electromagnetic energy
sensor to detect or determine range of an object; subclasses
112+, communication aids for the handicapped; subclass 187,
measurement of length or volume; subclass 240, radio
navigation with light sensor in simulator; subclass 303,
science, physics, optics; subclass 325, image projector, and
light detector used in question or problem eliciting a
response; subclass 337, correctness of response by means
including light detector; subclasses 355 and 358, grading
response involving light sensor (Using Radiant Energy For
Testing).
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
35 for test methods involving an enzyme (including reaction
with a living cell, such as a bacterium) and a radioactive
material; subclass 288.7, optical sensing apparatus (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 164,
for optical results of optical tests involving a reaction
(Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 473 for gettering of a semiconductor substrate
via irradiation, subclasses 514+ for ion implantation of
electrically active dopants into semiconductive regions, and
subclasses 795+ for thermal treatment of a semiconductor
substrate via irradiation to modify some property thereof.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 175, for such devices
having light or sound responsive switch or control (Radiant
Energy As a Medium of Control)
455, Telecommunications, subclass 603 for light wave remote
control (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
455, Telecommunications (Using Radiant Energy As A Medium of
Communication).
463, Amusement Devices: Games, 51 for a game in which an
electromagnetic ray (e.g., a light ray, etc.) is used to
simulate a projectile fired from a gun, torpedo launcher,
etc. (Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, 3, for condition
responsive control means, especially, subclass 10, which
uses a photocell condition sensor (Radiant Energy As a
Medium of Control)
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 150 for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] greater than 30 K) superconducting devices,
subclasses 300+ for processes of producing high temperature
superconductor or superconductive devices, particularly
subclasses 320, 325, and 480+ for use of radiant energy or
particle bombardment; and cross-reference art collections
842+ for superconductor measuring and testing, or 848+ for
radiant energy application on superconducting material (Using
Radiant Energy For Testing).
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 136 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber
which is resistant to, yet does not absorb, radioactive
materials or cathode rays or to processes of preparing said
composition (Class Providing for Other Wave Type of Radiant
Energy).
600, Surgery, 300 for diagnostic testing (Using Radiant
Energy For Testing).
600, Surgery, 1 for radioactive and substances (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, subclass 2 for
bandaging and orthopedics with light applications (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
604, Surgery, 20, for infrared, visible, light, ultraviolet,
X-ray or electrical energy applied to a body (Uses of
Radiant Energy For Treating)
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 1
for light, thermal, thermal and electrical applications
(Uses of Radiant Energy For Treating)
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, subclass 816 for optical correlation or
convolution.
901, Robots, subclass 47, for optical sensing devices
(Radiant Energy As a Medium of Control)
902, Electronic Funds Transfer, 41, with means to read data
stored on identifier (Using Radiant Energy For Testing).
976, Nuclear Technology, an alternative search, search based
on a modification of the European Patent Office
Classification.
GLOSSARY:
CIRCUIT
A closed or closable conducting path through which, or along
which, electric current can travel.
DETECTOR
A material or device whose response to radiant energy is used
to indicate the presence or amount of incident radiation.
Also, called "Signalling Means".
FLUENT MATERIAL
A liquid, gas or mass of granular solid material that does
not of itself maintain its own spatial form but flows.
Whether or not a granular material should be considered
fluent or not is determined in each case by how it is
handled. Generally if the handling means has walls to hold up
the material, the material is fluent. Thus, for example, coal
is necessarily fluent in a pail or bin but not necessarily
fluent in a pile.
ION
An atom or molecule with at least one more or less electrons
than protons. Electrons, per se, are not considered ions.
IONIZATION
The process of adding to or removing from an electrically
neutral atom or molecule one or more of its electrons. Note:
Ionization, as sometimes used to denote the process of
increasing the energy level of an atom or molecule to some
state short of the above, is not encompassed by this
definition. Such processes in this class are considered
partial or incomplete ionization.
INSPECTION
A term implying a source of radiant energy, and/or means to
irradiate an object by said source and a detector responsive
to radiation from the object to provide a signal representing
some characteristic of the object.
OBJECT
A material subjected to radiation for treatment or whose
response to or effect on the radiation is used to indicate
something about the material.
PHOTOCELL
A detector used to sense light incident thereon and generate
a signal representative of some aspect of the light such as
intensity, phase, coherence, mode distribution, interference
pattern characteristics, etc.
PHOTODETECTOR
See Photocell
PHOTOELECTRIC CELL
See Photocell
PHOTOSENSOR
See Photocell
RADIANT ENERGY
Energy propagated in the form of electromagnetic waves, or
traveling subatomic, atomic or molecular particles.
RADIOACTIVE ACTIVE
Exhibiting spontaneous nuclear disintegration with emission
of particulate or electromagnetic radiations.
SIGNALING MEANS, ELECTRIC AND NONELECTRIC
Detectors that produce in response to incident radiant energy
either an increase or decrease in electric potential or
current flow (Electric) or some other perceivable change
(Nonelectric). The nonelectric change may be immediately
perceived or may require development to be perceived, e.g.,
photos:graphic changes.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes a photocell.
(1) Note. DEFINITION OF TERMS: A photocell is defined for
the purpose of classification in these subclasses as an
electrical device which responds to light by varying its
electrical characteristics or by generating an electric
current. This definition therefore includes resistances,
electric space discharge devices, batteries, inductances,
condensers, bolometers and other electrical devices which
have their electrical characteristics varied by radiant
energy. For the purpose of classification in these subclasses
"light" and "radiant energy" are used synonymously.
(2) Note. CIRCUITS AND APPARATUS INCLUDED: These are the
generic subclasses for the following: a. Electrical circuits
whose operations are controlled by means of a photocell. b.
Electrical systems for supplying electric current and/or
potential to a photocell. c. Photocells in combination with
the optical means for controlling the radiant energy which
illuminates the photocell. d. Photocells in combination with
the source of illumination for the photocell. e. Apparatus
which is limited to use with photocells and which is not
otherwise classified. Examples of such apparatus are the
photocell temperature control means in subclass 238 and the
housings in subclass 239.
(3) Note. SIGNALING SYSTEMS: Electrical communication
systems whose operation is controlled by means of a photocell
are excluded from these subclasses. For such systems see the
Search Class notes below.
(4) Note. PHOTOCELL CONTROLLED CATHODE-RAY TUBE CIRCUITS See
the Search Class notes below for Photocell Controlled
Cathode-ray Tube Circuits
(5) Note. PHOTOCELL COMBINED WITH DIVERSE TYPE DEVICE:
These subclasses include a photocell apparatus or photocell
controlled circuit when combined with a diverse type
apparatus only when the combination includes only the portion
of the diverse type apparatus necessary to provide for the
photocell apparatus or circuit. Such combinations will be
found for the most part in subclass 215 of this class. Where
structure of the device is claimed in addition to that
necessary to provide for the photocell apparatus or photocell
circuit, the device is excluded from these subclasses and
will be found with the art that provides for the particular
device with which the photocell is combined. Also, see (6)
Note below with reference to photocell circuits which are
limited to controlling specific devices, such as a signal,
meter, etc. See (3) Note above for a reference to signaling
systems which include a photocell. For some of the classes
which provide for devices which include a photocell apparatus
or circuit, see the classes listed under (9) Note below.
(6) Note. PHOTOCELL CIRCUIT WITH SPECIFIC LOAD DEVICE IN
THE OUTPUT CIRCUIT:
a. General Statement: These subclasses do not provide for
photocell controlled circuits which have a particular load
device, such as an electric motor, recited in the output
circuit. Such systems are classified with the particular art.
See the paragraphs below for some special exceptions to this
general statement. For a partial list of the classes which
provide for the excluded circuits, see the classes under (9)
Note below.
b. Photocell controls its light source or optical system:
These subclasses do provide in subclasses 201+ for photocell
circuits where the output circuit controls means which
control the optical system of the photocell, (e.g.,
rebalancing systems, apparatus having means for causing the
photocell to move so as to trace the contour of a pattern,
circuits having the illumination source for the photocell
controlled by the photocell). Note that where the claims are
limited to a photoelectric circuit having an electric lamp as
the source of illumination for the photocell, the electric
lamp being connected in the output circuit of the photocell
circuit so that the lamp which illuminates the photocell is
controlled by the photocell, no structure of the optical
system between the lamp and photocell being claimed, the
circuit is classified in Class 315, Electric Lamp and
Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 151.
c. Photocell with electronic tube or other current or
potential modifying means in the output circuit. These
subclasses do provide for photocell circuits having means in
the output circuit for modifying or amplifying the photocell
current or voltage so as to produce the type of output
control current or voltage desired. Examples of such means
are the bridge circuits and electronic tube devices. Where
the disclosure relates to a plurality of species of relay
systems of which one is an electronic relay (electronic tube)
system and the claims recite the relay in generic terms,
classification is in Class 361, subclasses 173+. Where the
claims are limited to an electronic relay or the disclosure
relates only thereto even though the relay is recited
broadly, classification is herein (Class 250).
If such optical system is claimed, the subject matter is
classified in Class 250, subclasses 200+.
Where the device controlled in the output circuit is a
cathode-ray tube, or where the photocell is a part of a
cathode-ray tube and the claims do not include any
significant output circuit for the cathode-ray tube, the
circuit is classified in Class 315, Electric
Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 10+. See (4)
Note above.
Where the device controlled in the output circuit is an
electronic tube of the gas or vapor type (including gas or
vapor discharge lamps), and the claims do not include any
significant output circuit for the electronic tube, the
circuit is classified in Class 315, Electric Lamp and
Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses 149+, especially in
subclasses 156 and 157. Subclass 156 provides for the
circuit where another electronic tube which is controlled by
the photocell is interposed in the supply circuit of the gas
or vapor type electronic tube, and subclass 157 where the
electronic tube which is controlled is provided with a
discharge control means (e.g., grid).
d. Photoelectric visible light examination apparatus.
The analysis of visible light by means of a photosensitive
detector coupled to a recorder or meter is in Class 356. The
analysis of light and including a photosensitive detector,
but not including a meter, recorder or other indicator is
classified in Class 250. The examination of solid, liquid or
gaseous material or articles for an optical property, light
scattering flaws, or size and configuration tests are in
Class 356.
A support for material or an article being examined and a
photosensitive device to detect variation in visible light
caused by the examined material is classified in Class 356,
providing the disclosure involves the examination of the
material or the article by visible light.
The examination of material by visible light involving a
photoelectric detection of the light as affected by the
material and an electrical alarm is in Class 340, subclasses
619+.
(7) Note. PHOTOCELLS, PER SE: These subclasses do not
include the structure of the photocell, per se. The
photocells, per se, are classified according to the type of
electrical device. For the classes and subclasses which
provide for photocells and analogous devices, see the Search
Class notes below.
(8) Note. TO COMPLETE THE SEARCH FOR THIS SUBJECT MATTER,
see the Search This Class, Subclass and Search Class notes
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 where the photocell has characteristics which cause it
to respond principally to the invisible portion of the
radiation spectrum or where the photocell is combined with
means to insure that it will respond to the invisible portion
of the radiation spectrum. Illustrative of such photocells
are a Geiger-Mueller counter and a conventional photocell
provided with an ultraviolet ray filter, respectively. Where
the photocell will respond to both visible and invisible
radiant energy and is not provided with means for enhancing
response to invisible radiant energy or diminishing response
to visible radiant energy, classification is in subclasses
200+ (see (8) note above).
354.1 for photocell means to control the amount of invisible
radiation falling on the photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 319,
with automatic control.
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, photoresponsive control of
stopping fiber preparation apparatus.
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 363, electrical
telemetering with a photoelectric pickoff; subclass 707,
distance, including optical. (see (9) note above).
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 465 for special
effects displays with photoelectric switching.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 25, radiant
energy control, and subclasses 197+, photocell control of an
up-and-over closure opener.
60, Power Plants, 233, condition responsive thrust bearing
means for reaction motors; subclass 254, solid propellant
type reaction motors including means to regulate or terminate
motive fluid production.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 139 and 140, automatic control
by accumulation of ice or frost.
72, Metal Deforming, 6 control means stimulated by condition
responsive, including condition responsive sensor.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23, 23.1, 53+ including
61.4, 73+, 104, 151+, 861+, and 290 for measuring and testing
involving, inter alia, radiant energy detection; subclass
705, photoelectric fluid projector gauge.
84, Music, subclass 639 and 724 for musical instruments in
which the sound is produced from electric currents which are
generated or controlled by photocells or for the photocell
subcombinations of such musical instruments, when restricted
to such use.
89, Ordnance, subclass 41.06 for operation by photocell
control of certain motors.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 417 for gas separation
apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing
means.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 342, with
signal, indicator, or tester.
112, Sewing, 80.23, for embroidery with optical pattern
program means; subclasses 470.01+ for pattern control means
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 691, photoelectric sensor
responsive to condition of coated material.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 56,
automatic controls, and subclass 113, with, inter alia,
testing, inspecting or illuminating means
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 213 for
photocells of the radiation pyrometer type which generate
electricity by virtue of the heating effect of radiant energy
and which may contain optical means; subclasses 243+ for
photocells of the primary battery type which depend upon the
presence of visible radiant energy for their operation; and
subclasses 291 for applications of these photocells (see
Photocells, Per Se; (7) note above).
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 78.1, ambient condition
responsive; subclass 93, sensing condition opically.
141, Fluent Material Handling With Receiver Coacting Means,
192, automatic cutoff or diversion control.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,
subclass 5 for closures, partitions or panels which are
automatically controlled by a photocell.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 263,
measuring, testing inspecting, indicating or illumination.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 4.1, with measuring, testing,
inspecting or condition sensing.
166, Wells, 250, with indicating, testing, measuring or
locating.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 41, combined
with ray energy detection or measuring.
178, Telegraphy, subclass 70, photocell repeaters (see
Signaling Systems; 3 Note above).
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for
Vehicle, subclass 317 for an electric control for an
elevator door having a position detector mounted on the door
and subclass 392 for an elevator with a position detector for
monitoring passengers.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass 29, photocell
control of stop; subclass 142, radio tuner stop control.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 356, with condition responsive
control means, especially subclass 358, sensing condition of
source or destination.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 509,
especially subclasses 576+, for devices containing a
photocell, which will classify, separate or assort objects in
accordance with their optical properties or their appearance,
such as glossiness, color or size.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 745, process
control by optical sensing of condition.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 121.6 laser beam position
control.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, 2, with control
means responsive to sensed condition.
235, Registers, 400, ordnance or weapons computer, including
subclass 411, with target tracking means; subclasses 375+,
systems controlled by data bearing members.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, 33 with
automatic control.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclass 331.4, 410+,
472.9+, 479.9+, 484.8, 484.9+, 534+, and 563+ for a detector
or stop for regulating winding, unwinding, or tensioning of
an elongated material.
244, Aeronautics, 3.1, missile stabilization or trajectory
control using radiant energy.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, subclass 29 for railway
traffic control systems which are controlled by a photocell
(see Signaling Systems; 3 Note above).
252, Compositions, subclass 501.1 contains photosensitive
resistance compositions (see Photocells, per se; (7) note
above).
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118,
184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, and 414-466 for
radiation-sensitive active semiconductors devices (see
Photocells, per se; (7) note above).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Testing:
Processes, 408, measuring, testing or inspecting by passing
light through material.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 117, radiant energy responsive switching systems;
subclass 10.8, vehicle mounted light system (see Signaling
Systems; 3 Note above).
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 364 for
photosensitive cathode-ray tubes, and subclasses 523+ for
other photosensitive discharge devices (see Photocells, per
se; (7) note above).
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, subclass 63 for arc lamps in which the feeding
of the electrodes is controlled by a photocell.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 10, with
radiant energy sensitive control means, subclasses 82+ for
vehicle headlamp as by dimming when the photocell is
illuminated by the headlamps of another vehicle, and subclass
134, with signal indicator or alarm readout energy responsive
control.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 10 for
miscellaneous circuits for supplying electric current and/or
potential to a cathode-ray tube where the system includes a
photocell to control the cathode-ray tube. The systems
included in subclasses 10+ include systems having a photocell
in the supply circuit of the cathode-ray tube and systems
where the cathode-ray tube includes a photoelectric electrode
(see Photocell Controlled Cathode-ray Tube Circuit: (4)
note above).
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 10 for
photocell controlled cathode-ray tube circuits. See (4) and
(6c) Notes, supra. Subclass 134 provides for indicator or
alarm signal in an electron tube circuit controlled by a
photoelectric cell. Subclasses 149+ provide for photocell
circuits which control an electric lamp or an electronic tube
of the gas or vapor type. See subclass 150 where the lamp or
gas or vapor tube is itself a photocell, subclass 151 where
the lamp which illuminates the photocell is in the output
circuit of the photocell, (see (6) Note, b, above and
subclasses 156 and 157 where the photocell controls the
operation of a gas or vapor type electronic tube or lamp (see
(6) Note, c, above).
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 560, particularly
subclass 640 for electric motor position servo systems which
may be responsive to a photocell; subclasses 576+,
particularly subclass 577 for electric motor systems in which
a photocell senses a pattern and controls the motor in
accordance with the sensing; and subclass 480 for other
photocell controlled electric motor systems.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 26 for
electric generator systems having a generator and a photocell
which controls the generator or the driving means for the
generator.
323, Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclass 221 for voltage magnitude control systems having a
photocell which automatically controls the system.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 344, using
a radiant energy receiver for geological measurement or test;
subclass 96, light detector.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 509 for miscellaneous circuits
responsive to radiant energy (see Signaling Systems; (3) note
above.)
338, Electrical Resistors, 15 for electrical resistors, per
se, whose resistance value changes in response to a change in
light intensity, e.g., photoconductive type electrical
resistors (see Photocells, Per Se; (7) note above).
330, Amplifiers, subclass 59, light controlled or activated
device.
331, Oscillators, subclass 66, light responsive ambient
condition sensor.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 2, electromagnetically actuated
switches.
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, 298 for thermally responsive switches (see
Photocells, Per Se; (7) note above).
338, Electrical Resistors, 15 for light responsive
electrical resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 902 for vehicle carried
photocell system; subclasses 870.28+, for telemetering via
light beam; subclasses 500+ for photocell controlled
condition responsive devices; e.g., alarms; subclass 942, for
photoelectric vehicle detectors.
340, Communications: Electrical, for miscellaneous signaling
systems controlled by a photocell. Note especially 901 for a
vehicle carried photocell system, subclass 870.29 for
telemetering via a light beam, and subclass 600 for a
condition sensing photocell which actuates a signal or alarm
(see Signaling Systems; (3) note above.)
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 1, digital pattern
reading converter, especially subclasses 13, optical, and
subclass 14, optical waveguide, and subclass 31,
photoelectric actuated keyboard code generator (see Signaling
Systems; (3) note above.)
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 52, with diverse
type radiant energy system.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for
light pen input to selective visual display communication
systems.
346, Recorders, subclass 33, combined with external optical
system recorder operating means.
348, Television, 207 and 332 for television system with
photocell and subclasses 602+ for photocell controlled
cathode-ray tube.
348, Television, 207 and 332 for television system which may
include a photocell (see Signaling Systems; (3) note above.)
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass
161 for control of brightness or contrast of display on
cathode-ray tube dependent on ambient light sensed by
photocell, and subclasses 471+ for photocell control of a
cathode-ray tube in facsimile systems (see Photocell
Controlled Cathode-Ray Tube Circuit: (4) note above).
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 400 for
facsimile (phototelegraphy) and subclasses 471+ for facsimile
systems which may include a photocell (see Signaling Systems;
(3) note above.)
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 31, monitoring or testing recording progress;
subclass 74.6, photoelectric stopping or reversing control;
subclass 114, magneto-optic head (see Signaling Systems; (3)
note above.)
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 806,
analog computer simulation of physical phenomena; subclass
822, optical correlation or convolution (see Signaling
Systems; (3) note above.)
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,
subclass 210, using photodetector to detect eye movement.
352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 140, focus control;
and subclass 141, automatic diaphragm control.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 25, selective data
retrieval.
355, Photocopying, 55, photodetector used with focus or
magnification control; subclass 41, identifying, composing or
selecting using photocell; subclass 38, color film exposure
or light intensity control; subclasses 203+, photocopiers
with diagnostic testing; subclass 68, illumination system
including photocell.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, particularly 300 for
photoelectric spectroscopic apparatus, subclass 450 for
photoelectric interference type test apparatus, subclasses
364+ for polarized light tests, subclasses 128+ for
photoelectric refraction test apparatus, subclasses 402+ for
shade or color tests, subclasses 433+ for light transmission
tests, subclasses 445+ for light reflection tests, subclasses
218+ for photoelectric type photometers, and subclasses
237.1+ for photoelectric flaw testing apparatus.
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 400 and
471+ for facsimile devices with photocell.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
507, moisture or foreign particle control of optical elements
or systems.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 31, monitoring or testing recording progress;
subclass 74.6 photoelectric stopping or reversing control;
subclass 114, magneto-optic head.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 173 for
photocell controlled relay and electromagnet circuits. See
(6) Note. c, above.
362, Illumination, subclass 276 and 277+ for illuminating
means having a movable screen which is automatically
controlled by a photocell, and subclass 4, light responsive
photos:graphic lighting.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems, 125 for rectifying
systems having rectifiers of the selenium type, analogous to
selenium photocells.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 806,
analog computer simulation of physical phenomena.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 106, radiant
energy; subclasses 215+, optical read-write circuits;
subclasses 234+, optical address (see Signaling Systems; (3)
note above.)
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 64, optical processing of seismic signals;
subclasses 140+, signal transducer (see Signaling Systems;
(3) note above.)
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 100 for
electrical sound recording and reproducing systems which
include a photocell (see Signaling Systems; (3) note above.)
370, Multiplex Communications, 1, optical (see Signaling
Systems; (3) note above.)
379, Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses, for
electric sound recording and reproducing, using photocells
(see Signaling Systems; (3) note above.)
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 106, radiant
energy; subclasses 215+, optical read-write circuits;
subclasses 234+, optical address.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 64, optical processing of seismic signals;
subclasses 140+, signal transducer.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, subclass
11, ambient light sensor.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 44, optical
transducers; subclasses 100+, radiation beam modification by
storage medium.
370, Multiplex Communications, 1, optical.
372, Coherent Light Generators, 9, particular beam control
device.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 121 for temperature
measurement by an arrangement responsive to thermally emitted
radiation by the body whose temperature it measured.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 248, testing reactor condition using
optics.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 53, with
photoelectric detector; subclass 6, counting inanimate
entities.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 97 and
108 for source control in response to detecting radiation
therefrom.
382, Image Analysis, all subclasses.
396, Photography, 549 for phototype composing, subclasses
89+ for automatic camera focussing with photoelectric
control; subclasses 213+ for automatic exposure control; and
subclass 570 for photocell controlled fluid-treating means.
400, Typewriting Machines, 706, for indicating position of
line or end of page, including detector of record medium.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclass 128, tracer
adapted to trigger a photocell.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50, analyzer,
indicator or manipulative laboratory device; subclass 162,
automatic analytical monitor and control of industrial
products; subclass 85, with color change; subclass 91, gas
analysis with absorption and with photometric detector;
subclass 106, control element responsive to sensed liquid
level.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.1
for in vivo diagnosis and testing compositions and subclasses
10.1+ for Class 424 compositions with an identification or
warning feature.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 10, optical measuring,
testing and indicating.
434, Education and Demonstration, 1, electromagnetic sensor
to detect or determine range; subclasses 112+, communication
aids for handicapped; subclass 187, measurement of length or
volume; subclass 240, radio navigation with light sensor in
simulator; subclass 303, science, physics, optics; subclass
325, image projector and light detector used in question or
problem; subclass 337, correctness of response using light
detector; subclasses 355 and 358, grading a response using
light sensor.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
288.7 for optical sensing apparatus; and subclasses 4+ for
measuring or testing.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 164,
optical result; subclass 805, optical property.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacture: Process, particularly
subclass 7 for methods of making semiconductor devices
having a step controlled in response to a sensed optical
condition and subclass 16 for methods having a step of
measuring an optical condition.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass 175, having light or
sound responsive switch or control.
455, Telecommunications, 600, for lightwave communication
(see Signaling Systems; (3) note above.)
463, Amusement Devices: Games, 51 for a game in which an
electromagnetic ray (e.g., a light ray, etc.) is used to
simulate a projectile fired from a gun, torpedo launcher,
etc., which game may include a photocell (often as part of a
target for the gun, torpedo launcher, etc.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, 3, condition responsive
control means, especially subclass 10, using photocell.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 150 for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] greater than 30 K) superconducting devices,
subclasses 300+ for processes of producing high temperature
superconductor or superconductive devices, particularly
subclasses 320, 325, and 480+ for use of radiant energy or
particle bombardment; and cross-reference art collections
842+ for superconductor measuring and testing.
600, Surgery, 300 for diagnostic testing.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, subclass 816 for optical correlation or
convolution.
901, Robots, subclass 47, optical sensing device.
902, Electronic Funds Transfer, subclass 41, with means to
read data stored on identifier.
Subclass:
201.1
Photocell controls its own optical systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
in which the photocell automatically controls the
illumination which falls on the photocell by altering optical
means located between a source of illumination and the
photocell or by altering the illumination source.
(1) Note. The control of the illumination may be achieved
by altering the source of light (e.g., intensity or position)
or by altering the optical path between source of light and
photocell (e.g., transparency of light transmitting medium or
position of photocell or optics).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for photocell controlled circuits for controlling light
source intensity.
206.1 for photocell controlled circuits or devices which do
not control the illumination of the photocell.
216 for optical systems which control the illumination of a
photocell.
Subclass:
201.2
Automatic focus control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter in which at least one photocell is used to
automatically adjust a lens to form a distinct image of an
object on an imaging surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 89 for automatic camera focussing having
photoelectric control.
Subclass:
201.3
Of a microscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.2. Subject
matter in which the focusing of the light image in a
microscope is controlled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
368, for optical microscopes, per se.
Subclass:
201.4
Active autofocus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.2. Subject
matter having means to illuminate the object with light other
than, or supplementary to, ambient light.
(1) Note. Optical elements or systems of optical elements,
e.g., reflectors, used to concentrate or otherwise intensify
ambient illumination are encompassed by active autofocus
illumination means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
396, Photography, 106 for automatic camera focussing using
active ranging, for related subject matter when the camera
structure is claimed as well as active focussing means.
Subclass:
201.5
With optical storage medium; e.g., optical disc, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.4. Subject
matter in which the image is formed on the surface of an
optical information storage or retrieval medium, e.g., an
optical disc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 45
for patents claiming details of the optical storage medium or
writing or reading of information to or from the medium, and
subclasses 100+ for optical details of the optical
information storage and retrieval system.
Subclass:
201.6
Based on triangulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.2. Subject
matter in which the focusing is based on geometric
triangulation using a baseline distance between at least two
photocells.
(1) Note. This subject matter differs from that in Class
356, subclasses 3.01+ in that subject matter in this subclass
provides for triangulation to achieve automatic focus control
of an optical pre-photocell system whereas subject, matter in
Class 356, subclasses 3.01+ uses triangulation to measure the
distance of an object from the photocell or pre-photocell
system.
Subclass:
201.7
Based on contrast:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.2. Subject
matter in which the photo-cell generates signals used to
create an image and adjustment of the focus is based on the
degree of contrast in all or part of the image, i.e., on the
ratio of the darkest and lightest portions of all or part of
the image.
Subclass:
201.8
Based on image shift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.2. Subject
matter in which the focusing is based on coincidence of two
images of the same object moved in the same plane or of the
displacement or distance between different images of the same
object in the same plane, e.g., the photodetector plane.
Subclass:
201.9
Light beam wavefront phase adaptation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter in which the phases of light waves are sensed and
compared, and their sum or difference is used to control the
optical system.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter having means for illuminating the photocell in
accordance with the relative position of the photocell and a
pattern, and having means for causing the photocell to follow
the edge of the pattern under control of said illumination,
or for causing the optical path between pattern and photocell
to change, under the control of said illumination, so that
the photocell follows the edge of the pattern image.
(1) Note. The edge of the pattern may be either a thick or
thin line or the line of demarcation between two areas of
different optical properties. The photocell may follow the
pattern either by moving spatially or by causing the pattern
to move past the photocell while the photocell remains
stationary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
548 for optical systems including a web, strand, strip, or
sheet and a photocell controlling same.
559.01 for optical systems, including a web, strand, strip,
or sheet and photocell circuit.
Subclass:
203.1
Following a target (e.g., a star or instrument pointer or
other object) other than a pattern:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter having means for illuminating the photocell in
accordance with the relative position of the photoelectric
cell and an object, and having means for causing the
photoelectric cell to follow the object under the control of
said illumination.
(1) Note. The object may be a star, a search light at the
end of a luminous glide path beam or a spot or an
instrument.
(2) Note. The photocell must follow the object, as seen
through the associated optical system. However, the photocell
itself, or the supporting structure, as a whole, need not
follow the point, as in a guided missile which is guided
towards a terrestrial target by heavenly bodies sensed by a
self-carried photocell guiding apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 3.16, for missile stabilization or
trajectory control using optical guidance.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 640 for
electric motor follow-up systems wherein the motor control
includes a photocell responsive to a moving light point.
346, Recorders, subclass 31 and 32 for photocell systems
which control a recorder in accordance with an instrument
which operates, free of the mechanical burden, of the
recorder, in which the pointer of the instrument is sensed
and followed by the photocell, which controls the system
which drives the recorder and following means.
382, Image Analysis, subclass 60, image sensing curve tracers
for systems that follow the contour of a character as part of
an optical character reader.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 4, optical radar
included in a simulator; and subclass 240, light sensor
included in simulator of radio navigation equipment.
463, Amusement Devices: Games, 51 for a game in which an
electromagnetic ray (e.g., a light ray, etc.) is used to
stimulate a projectile fired from a gun, torpedo launcher,
etc., which game may include a photocell (often as part of a
target for the gun, torpedo launcher, etc.)
473, Amusement Devices: Games, 140, 151+, 176, 192, and 199
for moving golf ball detection which may involve a
photocell.
Subclass:
203.2
Target illuminated by artificial light source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203.1. Subject
matter in which the object to be tracked is, as disclosed,
illuminated by an artificial light source, e.g., a laser, and
the light from that source which is reflected from the target
is detected and used to track the object.
Subclass:
203.3
Self-luminous target:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203.1. Subject
matter in which the object to be tracked emits light which is
detected and used to track the object.
Subclass:
203.4
Sun:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203.3. Subject
matter wherein the self-luminous target to be tracked is the
Sun.
(1) Note. Since solar radiation is so intense at or near
the earth's surface. Many solar trackers track a shadow cast
by an object in between the sun and the photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 573, for solar heat collectors with
tracking means controlled by sun position tracking sensor;
and subclasses 600+ for means to reposition solar collector
for optimum radiation exposure.
Subclass:
203.5
Cathode-ray tube scanning:
Subject matter under 203.3 in which the self luminous target
followed is a spot of light on the face of a cathode-ray tube
(CRT).
Subclass:
203.6
Airborne target, or spaceborne target other than the sun
(e.g., star or missile):
This subclass is indented under subclass 203.3. Subject
matter where the self-luminous target is a star or other
spaceborne object other than the sun, e.g., a missile exhaust
plume.
(1) Note. The brightness of these objects is substantially
lower than that of the Sun.
Subclass:
203.7
With moving reticle in optical path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203.3. Subject
matter in which a moving, e.g., oscillating or rotating,
apertured or patterned element is in the optical path between
the target and photocell to modulate the light reaching the
photocell from the target.
(1) Note. A reticle is often used (a) to chop the light
reaching the photodetector(s) to permit a-c amplification of
the signal generated by the photodetector(s); (b) to aid in
distinguishing the target from background illumination; and
(c) to generate signals indicative of the position (e.g.,
azimuth and elevation) of a target.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233 rotary light chopping light valves for reticles used to
control light reaching a photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
234 for reticles which rotate in an optical path to control
light.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter having two optical paths from a source or two sources
of illumination to one or more photocells and having means
for controlling one or more of the optical paths so that the
ratio of light flux which traverses the different optical
paths stays constant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208.1 for similar subject matter having plural photocells in
an electric circuit which does not control the illumination
reaching the photocells.
578 for photocell illuminating systems having plural light
paths to one or more photocells.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 201.1. Subject
matter having means for controlling the intensity of the
light source which illuminates the photoelectric cell in
accordance with the illumination which falls upon the
photoelectric cell.
(1) Note. In addition to the means for controlling the
light source, there may be means between the light source and
the photoelectric cell to variably divert or absorb the light
which passes from the light source to the photocell. Where
the sole means for controlling the light which reaches the
photoelectric cell is means to variably divert or absorb the
light rays, the patent is not classified in this subclass,
but will be found in subclasses 201.1 through 204 above.
(2) Note. The light source whose intensity may be
controlled may be an electric light, a gas flame or any other
source of light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201.1 through 204, see (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
151, where the source of illumination is an electric lamp or
gas or vapor discharge device, the photocell controls the
electrical condition or electrical characteristics of the
source of illumination and there is no significant optical
structure in the optical path between source of illumination
and photocell.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
in which the photocell controls an electrical or
electro-mechanical system circuit, and systems circuits under
subclass 200 for supplying electric current and/or potential
to a photocell.
(1) Note. In order to be classified in this and indented
subclasses, the electrical or electro-mechanical system
circuit should be significant. It is significant if it is
recited in the claims more specifically than by name only, or
if it is disclosed as being nonconventional.
Subclass:
206.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Having means
to generate positional information in at least one plane of a
target moving relative to one or more photodetectors: Subject
matter in which photodetecting means generate signals
proportional to the position in at least one plane of a
target moving relative to the photodetecting means.
(1) Note. In order to be classified in this and indented
subclasses, the electrical or electromechanical system should
be significant. It is significant if it is recited in the
claims more specifically than by name only, or if it is
disclosed as being nonconventional.
(2) Note. Subject matter in this subclass is differentiated
from that in subclasses 203+ because in those subclasses,
photocell output signals are used to control the
pre-photocell optical system whereas in this subclass, no
control of the pre-photocell optical system occurs or, if it
does, is not claimed.
(3) Note. If a means for indicating the positional
information is claimed, then classification is in Class 356,
subclasses 139.04 through 139.08, 141.1 through 141.5 and
152.1 through 152.3.
(4) Note. The subject matter in this and indented
subclasses is differentiated from that in subclasses 231.4+,
in that, the latter subclasses deal with rotating shafts
which are not considered to be moving targets since their
location in global space is fixed even though they are
rotating on an axis. Targets, on the other hand, are changing
their global position regardless of whether they are spinning
about an axis.
Subclass:
206.2
Detection of positional information in two more planes (e.g.,
azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination):
This subclass is indented under subclass 206.1. Subject
matter in which the positional information of a target moving
relative to one or more photocells relates to two or more
planes, e.g., azimuth and elevation, or hour angle and
declination, and may be expressed in any coordinate system,
e.g., Cartesian (X,Y,Z) or radial (r, theta).
Subclass:
206.3
With moving reticle in optical path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206.2. Subject
matter in which a moving, e.g., rotating or oscillating,
apertured or patterned element is in the optical path between
the target and photodetector(s) to modulate the light
reaching the photodetector(s) from the target.
(1) Note. A reticle is often used (a) to chop the light
reaching the photodetector(s) to permit amplification of the
signal generated by the photodetector(s); (b) to aid in
distinguishing the target from background illumination; and
(c) to generate signals indicative of the position (e.g.,
azimuth and elevation) of a target.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233 rotary light choppers to modify light reaching a
photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
234 for reticles which rotate in an optical path to control
light.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 206.1. Subject
matter in which the photocell has plural electrodes, one or
more of which is photoemissive, and in which secondary
emission takes place.
(1) Note. Secondary emission is the emission of electrons
from a material when bombarded by primary electrons. The
secondary emission may take place at the photoelectric
cathode or at one or plural other electrodes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, subclass 42 for amplifiers having a
secondary emissive tube.
Subclass:
208.1
Plural photosensitive image detecting element arrays:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
having plural photocells structured in the form of a one or
two dimensional array capable of sensing an image of an
object viewed by the array.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass does not provide
for means, e.g., electronic scanning means, coupled to the
photosensitive image detecting array to generate a picture
image.
(2) Note. Subject matter in this subclass includes
arrangements of semiconductive photosensitive elements within
an array which control an optical or electrical device and,
therefore, do not fall within the scope of certain subclasses
in Class 257 which are limited to arrays, per se.
(3) Note. If plural photocells are used to generate a
picture image of an object viewed by the plural photocells,
e.g., linear or area photocell arrays, the pictorial signal
scanning and generation means will remove the subject matter
from this class and subclass and take it to Class 348,
subclasses 294+ and 332 and Class 358, Facsimile, subclasses
471+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for photocell systems having plural optical paths which
terminate at plural photosensitive electrodes and in which
the optical paths are controlled by the photosensitive
electrodes to balance the light flux in the plural paths.
207 for photocell systems in which the photocell has plural
electrodes, some of which act as secondary emitters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 294, for solid-state image sensor and
subclass 332 for array of photocells for generating visible
image of an object.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 222 for use of
plural photocell photometers; subclass 343, using plural
photocells to detect particle light scattering; subclass 411,
for use of plural photocells to measure color of flowing
liquids by light transmission; and subclass 435 for use of
plural photocells to measure light transmission or
absorption.
382, Image Analysis, subclass 68, full retina optical image
sensing, for arrays of photocells that scan characters for
recognition purposes.
Subclass:
208.2
Plural photosensitive nonimage detecting elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
having plural photocells structured or arranged so that they
collectively do not detect or generate a picture image signal
of an object from which light is detected by the photocells.
Subclass:
208.3
With electronic scanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.2. Subject
matter with means to electronically, as distinct from
mechanically, scanning of the photocell outputs to obtain an
output signal or signals representative of the output signals
of the plural photocells.
Subclass:
208.4
Used to switch an electrical circuit or device on or off:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.2. Subject
matter in which plural photocells are, by disclosure, used to
generate signals which are used to switch all or just part of
an electrical circuit on or off.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for photocell controlled switching circuits, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for condition
responsive devices which are responsive to radiant energy and
which use photocell controls to turn on alarms or other
indicators in response to a specific condition sensed by the
photocells.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 174 for
condition responsive control systems for electromagnetic
devices which use a light sensor for controlling its light
path.
Subclass:
208.5
With photodetector output ratioing other than by bridge or
push-pull circuits:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.2. Subject
matter in which circuit means are provided for forming a
ratio of the outputs of two or more photodetectors other than
by using bridge or push-pull circuits.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for many circuits which
form ratios digitally rather than by older bridge or
push-pull circuits. The latter are classified in Class 250,
subclass 210.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 for circuits which form ratios by using bridge or
push-pull circuits.
Subclass:
208.6
With specific relative positional geometry of photosensitive
elements (e.g., an annular photosensitive element surrounding
a coaxially mounted photosensitive element):
This subclass is indented under subclass 208.2. Subject
matter in which the plural photosensitive elements are
arranged in a predetermined, specific geometric orientation
relative to each other to provide a desired result, e.g.,
detecting specularly reflected light as well as diffusely
reflected light from an object viewed by the photosensitive
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227.28 with specific light conductor or conductor component
configuration, for related subject matter involving specific
relative positional geometry of light conductors or
components.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 206.1. Subject
matter in which the photocell is in a bridge circuit or in a
push pull circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for bridge circuits having plural photocells, plural
photosensitive electrodes or plural nonphotosensitive
electrodes.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
including means to electrically connect a particular
photocell or electron tube with one or more electrical or
electronic devices in a closed or closable electrically
conducting path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclasses
10+ for photocell circuits in which the photocell controls a
cathode-ray tube or in which the photocell is part of a
cathode-ray tube, and subclasses 149+ for photocell circuits
in which the photocell controls a lamp or gas or vapor
discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclass 59 for light controlled or light activated
devices.
Subclass:
214.1
Special photocell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
in which the photocell has characteristics which are
sufficiently unique to be stated in the claims.
(1) Note. For a compilation of the classes which provide
for photocells, per se, see (7) Note to subclass 200 of this
class.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
in which the photocell is built into a device specific to an
art other than the photocell art, and in which the utility of
the art device is not destroyed by removal of the photocell.
(1) Note. As an example, a refrigerator which is provided
with a photocell controlled defrosting device, in which the
photocell senses excessive frost, is found in this subclass,
if within the definition of superior subclass 200, since the
photocell is (1) built into the refrigerator which (2) is an
art device and which (3) has utility if the photoelectric
cell is removed. Generally, the patents in this subclass are
cross references, as there are few art devices which are not
elsewhere provided for.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
having means for illuminating the photoelectric cell.
(1) Note. The means for illuminating the photoelectric cell
should be significant, and if conventional and claimed by
name only, is not found in this and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. The means for illuminating the photocell need not
be a specific light source, but may be the ambient
illumination.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
in which the optical path between the light source and the
photocell is directly affected by an object which is movable
with respect to, is not part of and is not continuously
associated with the photocell device.
(1) Note. The ultimate object being sensed must directly
affect the light beam, and not indirectly through the medium
of a linkage, shutter or other instrumentality. Further, the
object must be one which is independent of the photocell
apparatus in the sense of being nonintegral with it and
having an independent existence of its own, regardless of the
existence of the photocell apparatus.
(2) Note. Examples of such objects are animate objects such
as horses on a race track, human beings entering doors,
animals in traps or inanimate objects such as plants being
cultivated, work pieces being gauged, paint samples being
tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231 for similar subject matter where the article indirectly
affects the photocell.
554 for similar subject matter where the article is a flame
and illuminates the photocell.
Subclass:
222.1
Inanimate article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
in which the object is an inanimate article.
Subclass:
222.2
Particle detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1. Subject
matter in which the article is a particle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, 10 for particle counting.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter
having means for carrying the inanimate article into or out
of or through a location where the article will affect the
optical path between the light source and the photocell.
(1) Note. The conveyor may stop while the article is being
sensed.
(2) Note. Examples of conveyors are railroad cars on tracks
and gravity operated chutes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
559.01 and 566+, for similar subject where the object is a
coded record or a web, strand, strip or sheet which is
conveyed to the sensing point.
573 for similar subject matter, where the object is fluent
or pulverulent and is conveyed to the sensing point.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter
having means for causing relative movement between the
inanimate article and the light ray while the article is in
the light path between light source and photocell.
(1) Note. The motion referred to above is one above and
beyond that required to bring the object into the testing or
sensing station. During sensing, either the object, light
source, photocell or some other part of the optical system
may move.
(2) Note. As an illustrative example, this subclass
includes camera shutter photocell sensing devices, where the
camera shutter opens and closes while in the light beam and
roller photocell sensing devices, where the roller is rotated
while being sensed for size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for similar subject matter where the inanimate article
is moved through the sensing station by a conveyor.
559.01 and 566+, for similar subject where the object is a
coded record or a web, strand, strip or sheet which is
conveyed to the sensing point.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having a polarizer in the optical path between light source
and photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
483 for polarizers, per se.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having optical means for acting unequally upon different
frequencies of radiation in the optical path of light from a
light source to the photocell.
(1) Note. Examples of such optical means, found in this
subclass, are diffraction gratings, dispersion prisms and
visible light filters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for similar subject matter, where the photocell has
inherent selective color sensitivity.
239 for photocells which are provided with cooling means to
absorb infrared rays.
361 where the photocell is provided with means to enhance
response to invisible radiant energy or diminish response to
visible radiant energy, e.g., an ultraviolet filter.
Subclass:
227.11
Light conductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
including an optical fiber or rod, made of a material having
a high index of refraction that allows it to confine, guide
and transmit light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 and particularly subclasses 151, 173, 179, 188, and 195
for light wave communications systems which employ optical
waveguides optically coupled to photocells.
385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for light
conducting elements, per se.
Subclass:
227.12
Optical delay line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter where the light conductor is used to decrease the
speed of a light pulse directed toward a photodetector.
(1) Note. Typically, light pulses are directed through a
light conductor in which the speed of light is slower than
through air or vacuum. The arrival of a pulse going through
the light conductor is delayed from the time it would have
arrived had it travelled directly through air or vacuum.
Subclass:
227.13
Light pen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter wherein a photocell and light conductor are combined
in a single instrument configured to be hand held.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 472.01 for hand held optical coded record
sensors.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for
visual displays employing light pens.
382, Image Analysis, subclass 59 for hand held image sensing
means.
Subclass:
227.14
Condition responsive light guide (e.g., light guide is
physically affected by parameter sensed which results in
light conveyed to the photocell):
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter in which the light which photocell senses is affected
by some property of the light conductor itself which is, in
turn, acted upon by the condition or parameter being sensed
and the photocell generates an electric signal in response
thereto.
(1) Note. The light conductor itself transduces a quantity
or parameter which is sought to be measured quantitatively or
qualitatively by the photodetector.
Subclass:
227.15
With detection of macroscopic break in fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.14. Subject
matter wherein the detector and a light conducting fiber are
positioned, configured or arranged so that light is coupled
to or away from a detector if there is a break in the fiber
to sense the presence of a break.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 600 for condition
responsive devices which detect radiant energy.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 73 for testing
of the optical properties of fiber optic light guides.
Subclass:
227.16
With detection of fiber microbend caused by parameter
affecting fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.14. Subject
matter in which a photodetector sense a small scale, i.e.,
micro, bend in an optical fiber caused by a parameter such as
pressure, temperature, stress or strain, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
231.10 for photocell control of light valve pre-photocell
systems which are activated by external physical quantities.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 705, photoelectric fluid
pressure gauges; and subclass 800 for optical testing of
specimen stress or strain.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 32 for optical
measurement and testing of material strain.
Subclass:
227.17
Causing polarization change in fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.14. Subject
matter in which the condition sensed changes the polarization
of the light passing through the fiber due to some parameter
affecting the fiber so that light of a different polarization
reaches the photodetector than was incident on the fiber.
Subclass:
227.18
Causing light spectral frequency/wavelength change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.14. Subject
matter in which the condition sensed causes a change in
frequency/wavelength of the light transmitted to the
photodetector by the light conductor.
(1) Note. The photocell may, for example, detect changes in
the frequency of the light transmitted to it by the light
conductor due to changes in the elongation of the light
conductor.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for significant light
conductor means in detecting color whereas subclass 226, is
directed to color detection broadly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 color (e.g., filter or spectroscope), for related
subject matter that may or may not include light conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 580, for
sorting articles based on their color.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 402, measuring and
testing color of an object; subclasses 300+ for measuring and
testing by dispersed light spectroscopy.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 164
optical result, including subclass 171, optical spectrum,
where the test and the result involves a chemical reaction.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
227.19
With coherent interferrometric light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.14. Subject
matter wherein the light waves transmitted by the light
conductor are coherent, i.e., the phases of the waves are
substantially in step spatially and temporally, and the
condition sensed by the light conductor affects the coherent
light so that an interferometric pattern is presented to the
photocell.
(1) Note. This definition is inclusive and includes, for
example, arrangements where noninterferometric light is
presented to a photocell along with an interferometric
pattern to a photocell.
(2) Note. This type of device ordinarily includes
fiber-optic equivalents of classic interferometers, e.g.,
Michelson interferometers, and ring laser gyroscopes. It also
includes detection of changes in the state of polarization in
a light conductor, e.g., induced birefringence by stresses or
strains.
(3) Note. This is a residual subclass in a residual class
and other classes and subclasses, e.g., Class 356, subclasses
32+ or 345+, provide for this subject matter where optical
measurement and testing are involved, and take precedence.
Cross-references to this subclass (277.19) are
discretionary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
550 interference pattern analysis for related subject matter
which may or may not involve light conductors but which does
not claim significant light conductor means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 450 for
measuring and testing by light interference involving, inter
alia, coherent interferometric light.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
1 provide for holos:graphic systems which employ coherent
interferometric light.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 215 for
optical, including holos:graphic, read/write circuits which
may include light conductors handling interferometric light.
Subclass:
227.2
With imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter wherein the light conductor presents an image of the
object viewed by it to the photocell, outputting the elements
of the object(s) that it views in the same spatial
relationship they have in reality.
(1) Note. An imaging light conductor is defined as one
which presents an image of the object viewed by it to the
photocell(s). An imaging light conductor outputs the elements
of the object(s) it views in the same spatial relationship
they have in reality. An incoherent light conductor is one
which scrambles the object it views so that what is
transmitted to the photocell(s) is not an image of the
original, but is light reflected by or transmitted through
the object in a nonimage form. A coherent light conductor can
present a true image of an object it views to a photocell
with ordinary incoherent light reflected from or transmitted
through the object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
385, Optical Waveguides, 116 and 133, for imaging light
conducting guides/fiber bundles, per se.
Subclass:
227.21
With light chopping or modulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter wherein means are provided for varying the intensity
of the light transmitted to the photocell from substantially
zero to substantially maximum intensity as a function of
time.
(1) Note. The chopping or modulating means may be for
example, electromechanical or electrooptical, an object under
inspection or analysis, or a keyboard controlled optical
shutter, for example.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for light modulators/chopping devices,
per se, as well as for optical logic devices.
Subclass:
227.22
Keyboard or other manual switch controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.21. Subject
matter in which the means to operate the light gate or
modulator is a manually operable switch or keyboard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for light chopping or modulation type pre-photocell
optical systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 31 for
photocell controlled keyboard coders which include code
conversion data processing.
Subclass:
227.23
With spectral frequency/wavelength discrimination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter including means for selecting and transmitting light
of one or more discrete wavelengths or wavelength bands by
the light conductor(s) to the photocell(s).
(1) Note. The intensity of the light of different
wavelengths may be varied by using, for example, polarizers,
diaphragms, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for significant light
conductor means in detecting color, whereas subclass 226 is
directed to color detection broadly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 color (e.g., filter or spectroscope), for related
subject matter that may or may not include light conductors,
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 580 for
sorting articles based on their color.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 402 measuring and
testing colors of an object, subclasses 300+ for measuring
and testing by dispersed light spectroscopy; and subclass 451
measuring and testing by interferometric spectroscopy.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 164,
optical result, including subclass 171, optical spectrum,
where the test and the result involves a chemical reaction.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
227.24
With coupling enhancement means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter with means used to increase the overall coupling
efficiency of the light conductor and the photocell, i.e., to
improve the ratio of light reaching the photocell from the
light conductor to the light leaving the photoconductor on
its way to the photocell.
(1) Note. Coupling enhancement means may or may not include
structure to physically or mechanically connect a photocell
to a light conductor. The enhancement means may, for example,
simply include configurations to improve evanescent wave
coupling phenomena, or modal coupling phenomena, or may
include optomechanical connectors.
(2) Note. A light conductor coupled to a photocell may be
classified here or in Class 356, subclasses 96+, depending on
what is recited. If the photocell is just nominally recited,
and the coupling enhancement means is recited nominally or in
detail, then classification is proper in Class 385. If the
photocell is recited more than nominally, i.e., including an
electrical output which is generated for utilization, then
classification is in this subclass regardless of the claimed
detail of the coupling enhancement means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
385, Optical Waveguides, 15 for optical coupling means, per
se. See Note (2), above.
Subclass:
227.25
Fluid coupling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.24. Subject
matter in which the coupling enhancement means is a fluid,
i.e., in the gas or liquid state.
Subclass:
227.26
With scanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter with means to actually or electronically move a light
beam transmitted by a light conductor over an object.
(1) Note. The scanning may involve a stationary light
conductor and moving optical elements such as lenses or
reflectors, or may involve moving the light conductor. It
also may include electronic scanning of the photocells
optically coupled to the light conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 197 and 359 for television
scanners employing fiber optics.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
196, 227+, 240+, 290+, and 298+ for various optical scanning
means.
Subclass:
227.27
With coherent interferrometric light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter wherein the light waves transmitted by the light
conductor are coherent, i.e., the phases of the waves are
substantially in step spatially and temporarily, and the
condition being sensed by the light conductor affects the
coherent light to present an interferometric pattern to the
photocell.
(1) Note. This definition is inclusive and includes
arrangements where noninterferometric light is presented to a
photocell along with presentation of an interferometric
pattern to a photocell.
(2) Note. This type of device ordinarily includes use of
light conductors which transmit light with a spatial energy
distribution which is characterized as a single transverse
electromagnetic mode (TEM) distribution. Included are not
only single interferometric devices, but optically coupled
(by light conductors) multiple interferometric devices.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
550 interference pattern analysis for related subject matter
which may or may not involve light conductors but which does
not claim significant light conductor means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 450 for
measuring and testing by light interference involving, inter
alia, coherent interferometric light.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, 215 for
optical, including holos:graphic, read\write circuits which
may include light conductors handling interferometric light.
Subclass:
227.28
With specific configuration of light conductor components
with respect to each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter in which the components of a light conductor have a
specific, predetermined configuration with respect to each
other to achieve a desired light beam pattern to be presented
to the photodetector means, e.g., one with suppressed higher
order transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
385, Optical Waveguides, appropriate subclasses for optical
fibers with specific components, per se.
Subclass:
227.29
With specific illumination or viewing orientation of light
conductor relative to viewed object (e.g., light normal to,
and detector at 45 degree angle to, viewed object):
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter in which the angular relationship of the light source,
photodetector means and object being illuminated and detected
have a specified geometric relationship.
(1) Note. For example, the photodetector may be placed at
45 degrees to the normal of the illuminated surface, while
the optical axis of the light source may be placed
perpendicular to the object surface.
Subclass:
227.3
With variable orientation of light conductor relative to
viewed object (e.g., goniometer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter in which means are provided to vary the angular
relationship of the light source or photodetector with
respect to the surface of the object under illumination and
photodetection.
(1) Note. Devices with means to vary the angular
relationship between light source, object surface and
photodetector are conventionally known as goniometers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 340, measuring
particle light scattering with photocell detection at
variable angle to the light beam.
Subclass:
227.31
Side or edge illuminated light conductor or collector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter in which the light conductor is configured or arranged
to receive light along its side or edge in lieu of, or in
addition to, its end face.
(1) Note. Typical examples include solar collector light
collecting guides and optical scanning light conductors.
Subclass:
227.32
End illuminated light conductor with noncircular geometric
cross section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227.11. Subject
matter wherein the light conductor has a noncircular end-face
configuration which is end-face illuminated.
(1) Note. The light conductors in this subclass are
end-face illuminated whereas in the previous subclass they
are illuminated along their side or edge faces. Both
subclasses encompass light conductors of various geometries
other than cylindrical or circular.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having an integrating sphere in the optical path between
light source and photocell.
(1) Note. An integrating sphere is a hollow body having an
interior of highly light reflecting but also diffusing
material, and having relatively small openings in the shell
of the hollow body to admit light. It has the property of
raising the interior illumination to a level which depends
only upon the amount of light flux entering the openings and
not upon the reflection or diffusion of that incident light
flux.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having means in the optical path between light source and
photocell for varying the amount of light which reaches the
photocell.
(1) Note. In this subclass, the means for varying the
amount of light which reaches the photocell is always a part
of, or is continuously associated with, the photocell device,
and is not an object which has an independent existence of
its own. Devices found in this and indented subclass
comprises, for example, keyboard operated shutters which
variably permit a light source to illuminate a photocell,
iris diaphragms and optical wedges.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for similar subject matter in which the light path
between light source and photocell is directly affected by an
object which is not part of the photocell apparatus and has
an independent existence of its own.
237 for similar subject matter comprising relatively
stationary hoods, gratings, baffles or diaphragms.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
in which the optical path between light source and
photoelectric cell includes a reflective element, and in
which the amount of reflection or the direction of reflection
is varied so as to vary the intensity of the photocell
illumination.
(1) Note. Examples of such variable reflecting elements
include mirrors which oscillate under the control of a
physical quantity and compass cards which have variable
reflective markings.
Subclass:
231.1
Actuated by dynamic external physical quantity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
in which the means in the optical path between the light
source and the photocell for varying the amount of light
which reaches the photocell is actuated by an external
mechanical force.
(1) Note. Examples of dynamic type physical quantities
include pressure, weight (mg where m = mass of an object andg
= gravitational force), force (f) where f = ma or f = 1/2 mv
squared), deflection of an object connected to the means in
the optical path for varying the amount of light reaching the
photocell, speed of an object, velocity of an object
(including fluid flow), position (angular or linear) of an
object.
(2) Note. Measurement of the position of an object properly
classified herein is distinct from the position indication
classified in this class, subclasses 206.1+ in that the
latter concerns global position of a target whereas this
subclass concerns local position, e.g., rotation of a shaft
about an axis where the shaft's global position is known or
not of concern.
(3) Note. Excluded from the definition of dynamic type
physical quantities are electrical quantities, e.g., current,
voltage, impedance; chemical properties; passive physical
quantities and forces, such as color, temperature, physical
dimensions (length, width, diameter, Coriolis force); and
quantum mechanical forces and properties.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 363, for electrical
telemetering with a photoelectric pickoff; and subclass 707
for distance measuring including optical means.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 290 for measuring and
testing involving, inter alia, radiant energy detection; and
subclass 705 for photoelectric fluid projection gauges.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 96 for
measurement, testing or sensing of electricity using radiant
energy; and subclass 344, for use of a radiant energy
receiver for a geological measurement or test.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for measurement of
passive physical forces such as color (402 ); temperature
(subclasses 43+), and physical dimensions (subclasses 2, 3+,
27+, 450, 123, 124+, 372+, 388+, 247+, etc.)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 32, 121+, and
162 for various temperature measuring means or methods.
396, Photography, 106 for automatic camera focussing using
active ranging.
434, Education and Demonstration, 1 for electromagnetic
sensors to detect or determine the range of an object;
subclass 187 for measurement of length or volume; and
subclass 303, for science, physics or optics.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
808 for optical sensing apparatus.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 164
for analytical chemical testing by optical means and
involving a chemical reaction.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,
appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
231.11
Actuated by gauge element deflection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.1. Subject
matter wherein displacement of a gauge component, e.g.,
needle, by a force, e.g., gravity or an electromotive force
is the active external physical quantity sensed.
Subclass:
231.12
Gyroscopes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.1. Subject
matter wherein gyroscopic movements or conditions are the
active external physical quantities sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 5.6, for
gyroscopes with optical pickoffs.
Subclass:
231.13
Shaft angle transducers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.1. Subject
matter wherein the angular position or speed or a rotatable
shaft is the active external physical quantity sensed by one
or more photocells and an output is generated which is
indicative of those parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 1 for related
subject matter further specifying the coded data generation
or conversion circuitry, especially subclasses 13+ and 31 for
optical type code converters, including keyboard actuation.
Subclass:
231.14
Incremental shaft readers; i.e., with means to generate
increments of angular shaft rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.13. Subject
matter wherein photocell means is provided to incrementally
sense the angular position or speed of a rotatable shaft as
the active external physical quantity and for generating an
output proportional to the number of increments sensed by the
photocell(s).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 11 for
similar subject matter combined with digital signal
processing circuitry.
Subclass:
231.15
With plural gear driven discs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.14. Subject
matter in which the incremental data is generated using more
than one circularly shaped element coupled to the rotating
shaft by gear drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 2 for
similar subject matter combined with digital signal
processing circuitry.
Subclass:
231.16
Using phase difference of output signals from plural
photodetectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.14. Subject
matter in which a signal proportional to the phase sum of, or
difference between, outputs of the photodetectors is
generated and is representative of the angular position or
speed of the rotating shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 6 for
similar subject matter combined with digital data processing
circuitry.
Subclass:
231.17
With means to indicate a complete shaft rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.14. Subject
matter in which means are provided to determine whether a
complete revolution of the shaft has occurred and to generate
a signal representative of that fact.
(1) Note. The provision of means to determine the number of
complete revolutions is also included in this subclass.
Subclass:
231.18
Position indicating shaft encoders with means to generate a
unique signal for each specific angular shaft position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 231.14. Subject
matter including means to establish a unique number of shaft
angle positions and to generate a unique, distinct signal for
each of those positions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 13 for
similar subject matter combined with digital signal
processing circuitry.
Subclass:
231.19
Pressure-responsive light valves:
Subject matter under 231.1 wherein the dynamic external
mechanical force sensed is pressure ((P) = F/A where F = a
Newtonian type force and A = Area over which the force is
applied) applied to the means in the optical path for varying
the amount of light to reach the photocell(s).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 705 for photoelectric
fluid pressure gauges.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter
having means for intermittently interrupting the optical path
between the light source and photocell in a repetitious
cyclic sequence.
(1) Note. A camera shutter is generally not a light
chopper, of the type found in this class, since it opens and
closes in a nonrepetitious, noncyclic manner.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
in which the means for intermittently interrupting the
optical path is a rotary element.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having means for moving an element of the optical system.
(1) Note. Examples of such means are means for adjusting
the photocell so that its axis is aligned with the optical
axis, a hand crank for adjusting the photocell to sense in a
desired direction or a vehicle upon which the entire
photocell apparatus is mounted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for photocell sensing means in which a fluent material
is moved through the optical path between light source and
photocell.
223 and 224, for photocell sensing means in which an
inanimate object is moved to or from or while in the optical
path.
229 for photocell sensing means having a light valve in the
optical path, particularly indented subclass 231, where the
light valve is adjusted in accordance with an external
physical quantity and subclasses 232+, where the light valve
continuously moves to chop the light.
559.01 and 566+, for similar subject where the object is a
coded record or a web, strand, strip or sheet which is
conveyed to the sensing point.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
having means for cyclically moving an element of the optical
system in a repetitious path.
(1) Note. This subclass includes photocell devices having a
vibratory scanner. An adjusting means is not deemed a means
for providing a repetitious path, since there is no means for
ensuring repetition or cycling. A hunting device which
follows another element does not cycle, even though the
followed element may, during its motion, fortuitously cycle.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Subject matter
in which the element of the optical system, which moves in a
cyclic path, rotates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 199, 202, and 203+ for Nipkow discs and
rotating mirrors.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having a hood, grating, baffle, diaphragm or mask associated
with the optical path between light source and photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for similar subject matter where the means associated
with the optical path between light source and photocell are
ajdustable.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
having means for controlling the temperature of the photocell
apparatus.
(1) Note. If the temperature of nonphotocell apparatus is
controlled, search should not be made here, but rather in the
nonphotocell art concerned.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
having a housing for the photocell apparatus.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes sensing means responsive to
electromagnetic radiation including a variable electrical
member or variable radiation control member having a pointer
and an associated scale calibrated in frequency or wavelength
units and indicating means responsive to the sensing means to
note the maximum energy detected by the sensing means whereby
the scale and pointer indicate the wavelength or frequency of
the radiation detected.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means for producing or utilizing a
unidirectional stream of molecules or atoms having no net
electrical charge, usually through a vacuum with thermal
velocity and methods using such means. Such devices and
methods may include magnetic field means to deflect, divert
or select a portion of the beam of a desired energy level and
may also provide means for subjecting the selected portion of
the beam to a microwave electromagnetic field to excite the
molecules or atoms of the beam at a resonant frequency,
causing a transition of the energy state of the molecules or
atoms from one energy-level to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for means for effecting the ionic separation or analysis
of materials, (e.g., mass spectrometry).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, for metal and apparatus
to heat and vaporize a material by nonelectric means.
219, Electric Heating, 271 for electric heating of solids
and liquids to vaporize the material where no structure to
use the vapor is claimed.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, particularly
79 for apparatus including means to melt particles or bodies
of normally solid substance and contiguous means to project
the melted substance through the ambient air.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 231.01 for space
discharge devices with fluent material supply or directing
means.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, subclass 22 for consumable electrode discharge
devices which have means to feed a fluent material, (e.g.,
solid particles) to the discharge space.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, especially
subclass 111.01 for systems wherein a fluent material is
supplied to the discharge area between the discharge
electrodes of the discharge device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 332 for measuring
or testing devices for utilizing or determining molecular
particle resonant properties of substances.
330, Amplifiers, particularly 4 for maser type amplifying
devices that may utilize molecular or atomic beams.
331, Oscillators, particularly subclass 3 for oscillators
with automatic frequency stabilization utilizing molecular
resonant means.
372, Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for
molecular or particle resonant type oscillators, (e.g.
masers, lasers), which oscillators may utilize molecular or
atomic beams.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for apparatus or process for
effecting a reaction within the nucleus of an element
utilizing, for example, subatomic particles, such as thermal
neutrons.
Subclass:
252.1
CALIBRATION OR STANDARDIZATION METHODS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes methods to establish a
reference indication of invisible radiation or invisible
radiation level, or methods of error determination or
correction using a reference indication or radiation level.
(1) Note. For calibration or standardizing apparatus, see
the appropriate subclasses for the specific structure
involved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 207 for
testing or calibration of X-ray devices.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter s which includes means in combination with
material within or on the surface of the earth to, (1) expose
the material to radiation, (2) to detect radiation emanating
naturally from the material or (3) to detect radiation
modified or caused by the material interacting with radiation
produced by the means to expose the material to radiation,
and methods therefor.
(1) Note. The material within or on the surface of the
earth includes the surface of, underneath the surface of or
the bottom of a naturally occurring body of water.
(2) Note. The irradiation of material includes material
within or about a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for measuring a
characteristic of a borehole, a borehole casing, or a drill
rigging wherein the measuring is not purely electrical or
purely magnetic.
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for geophysical exploration by
use of seismic waves.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for
geophysical surface and subsurface examination using
electrical tests and electromagnetic waves below the infrared
frequency band in the electromagnetic spectrum.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 14 for seismic prospecting using electrical
acoustic wave systems.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25
for methods of prospecting using chemical analysis.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
which includes apparatus to bore a well and includes methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 247 for processes of treating wells
using nuclear energy or radioactivity; subclasses 250+ for
processes including wells, in combination with indicating,
testing or measuring and subclass 66 for apparatus in
combination with a well for giving electrical signals
concerning something in relation to the well. See also
section VI of the general notes to Class 166.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, particularly subclass
41 for the combination of boring or drilling with a radiant
energy test. See subclass 40, (3) Note for the line between
Class 250 and Class 175.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
which additionally includes means to remove a portion of the
material from the earth whereby the portion is subjected to
(1) the means to detect natural radiation or (2) radiation
modified or caused by the portion when irradiated by means to
expose or (3) some other test.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes
sampling on the surface of the earth within a well or at the
bottom of a naturally occurring body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for methods of preparing or separating material for an
invisible radiation test or controlling the material during
the test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.07 for borehole
formation logging with analysis of density, porosity, or
water saturation using core sample analysis, subclass 152.09
for oil, gas, or water saturation by core sample analysis,
and subclass 152.11 for other analysis using core sampling.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25
for geochemical exploration.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the means to detect radiation emanating naturally
from or modified or caused by the material interacting with
radiation senses the material in or about a well and includes
means to support for movement the means to detect natural
radiation or radiation modified or caused by the interaction
of the material with exposing radiation and includes methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. A well is meant to include a cased and uncased
well and bore hole.
(2) Note. Generally the claimed method and apparatus
include an indication or a recording of the radiation
detected.
(3) Note. Generally the method and apparatus have claimed
or disclosed a recording correlating the radiation sensed
with the depth at which the radiation has been sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for physical analysis of
wells particularly subclasses 152.02+, for the identification
of strata in a well by physical methods or apparatus.
166, Wells, 250, for well processes involving indicating,
testing or measuring in combination with a well and
subclasses 64 and 66+, for measuring or electrical means
combined with a well.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 41 for ray
energy detection or measuring apparatus combined with
drilling apparatus and subclasses 57+ for processes of boring
or penetrating the earth.
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for well exploration by use of
seismic waves.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 for well
exploration by electrical, magnetic and radio waves.
340, Communications: Electrical, 853.1 for telemetering a
well.
346, Recorders, subclass 33 for a recorder used in a well
logging operation.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
which additionally includes apparatus which includes a
detector to sense the location of a pipe collar in a cased
well and methods corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. The collar detector need not be a radiation
detector but can be any type which senses the position of the
pipe collar in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.57 for a
determination of a characteristic of a borehole casing
wherein the determination is made by making a measurement
which is not purely electrical or purely magnetic.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
which includes means to cause two fluids to meet in a well to
force one of the fluids into the earth, said one fluid being
material or including material which emanates radiation,
modified radiation, or causes radiation by interacting with
radiation from the means to expose the material to radiation,
wherein the means to detect radiation senses the said one
fluid at the meeting point of the fluids, and methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. Generally, the depth at which the meeting point
of the fluids occurs is recorded along with the results of
the sensing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for fluids added to a well which may be or contain
tracer material which is fluorescent or radioactive or
capable of being made radioactive by irradiation.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
which includes means to add the material into the well or the
earth about the well whereby the means to detect senses the
radiation emitted naturally from the material, or radiation
caused by or modified by the material interacting with the
radiation produced by the means to expose the materials to
radiation.
(1) Note. The material may be solid liquid, gas,
particulate or entrained within a fluid.
(2) Note. The means to eject the tracer material into a
well is included here as a subcombination not classified
elsewhere.
(3) Note. Materials which are not radioactive, but are made
radioactive in the well are placed here along with materials
which can control radiation in some manner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for methods detecting tracer materials which emit or
modify radiation generally.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter
wherein the added material is radioactive or contains
radioactive material entrained in a substance added to the
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for tracers which must be irradiated in the well before
they become radioactive.
303 for methods detecting radioactive tracers generally.
493.1 for radioactive sources which are more than a
composition, recited as a source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 301.1 for radioactive
compositions.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 1 for a radioactive composition for medical use.
600, Surgery, 1 for radioactive substances applied to the
body for therapeutic purposes and holders therefore.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
wherein the means to detect radiation emanating naturally or
radiation modified or caused by the material interacting with
the radiation includes a detector and may include an
electrical circuit responsive to the detector and apparatus
to control or compensate for some physical or electrical
condition of the radiation detector circuit or detector and
circuit and includes methods corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. The conditions controlled include temperature
control, voltage control of the detector or circuit and the
speed of the detector while sensing in the well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 260 for temperature control in a
geos:graphic location such as a well.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
wherein the means to detect radiation emitted naturally or
radiation modified or caused by material interacting with
radiation includes a radiation detector and a detailed
electrical circuit connected between the detector and an
indicator or recorder of the radiation sensed by the detector
and includes methods corresponding to the apparatus.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter
wherein the electrical circuit includes means to modulate an
electrical wave with signals emitted by the detector upon
detecting radiation and includes methods corresponding to the
apparatus.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter
wherein there are plural detectors and the individual
detectors may be connected to the same electrical circuit or
to separate electrical circuits and includes methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. Included are plural detectors connected to an
anti-coincidence or coincident circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for well-logging circuits having plural detectors where
no novelty is in the electrical circuit.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
wherein the means to detect radiation emitted naturally or
radiation modified or caused by material interacting with
radiation includes plural radiation detectors and methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. The detectors here may be electrical,
nonelectrical, but a combination of a fluorescent screen and
a responsive detector is considered but one detector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for well testing apparatus using plural radiation
detectors wherein the novelty resides in the electrical
circuitry between the detectors and a recorder or indicator.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter
which may include the means to expose the material to
radiation which includes at least a radiation source and
wherein there are details concerning the location or spacing
of the detectors with respect to the source or to one another
or the direction the radiation is permitted to be incident
upon the detectors and includes methods corresponding to the
apparatus.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
wherein the means to detect radiation emanating naturally or
radiation modified or caused by the material interacting with
the radiation includes a detector and includes radiation
modifying means to control the radiation incident upon the
detector and methods corresponding to the apparatus.
(1) Note. The control of the radiation to the detector
includes type of radiation, the intensity of radiation, the
direction of the radiation hitting the detector, the
frequencies of the radiation, the radiation pattern arriving
at the detector or the spacing of the detector with respect
to source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for radiation logging apparatus having plural detectors
wherein the spacing of the detectors to each other or to a
source or the direction if the radiation reaching the
detector is claimed.
505.1 for radiation controlling attenuators directional
elements, filters, shutters, cones, apertures and shields.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
which includes means to touch the wall of the well, the means
to support for movement suspending the means to touch the
well and the means to detect radiation as a common unit
within the well and methods corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 783 for opposed contact type
measuring instruments.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.17 for a formation
logging device combined with detail of a borehole wall
engaging means wherein the logging is made by making a
measurement which is not purely electrical or purely
magnetic.
Subclass:
269.1
With source and detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Subject matter
in which means to expose the material to radiation in or
about the well is also supported by the means to support for
movement the means to detect radiation, and includes methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
Subclass:
269.2
With plural types of detectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.1. Subject
matter wherein the means to detect radiation includes more
than one different type of detector (e.g., a gamma detector
and a neutron detector).
Subclass:
269.3
Having gamma source and gamma detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.1. Subject
matter wherein the means to expose the material to radiation
includes a gamma ray source and the means to detect radiation
modified or caused by the material includes a gamma ray
detector and includes methods corresponding to the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 157 for gamma ray activation analysis.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 88 for
gamma ray composition analysis.
Subclass:
269.4
Having neutron source and neutron detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.1. Subject
matter wherein the means to expose the material to radiation
includes a neutron radiation source, and the means to detect
radiation modified or caused by the material includes a
neutron radiation detector, and includes methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390.04 for composition analysis with neutron responsive
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 160 for subterranean neutron activation analysis.
Subclass:
269.5
Having thermal neutron detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.4. Subject
matter wherein the neutron radiation detector detects
neutrons with thermal energy levels (in contrast to detecting
neutrons with fast or epithermal energy levels).
Subclass:
269.6
Having neutron source and gamma detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.1. Subject
matter wherein the means to expose the material to radiation
includes a neutron radiation source, and the means to detect
radiation modified or caused by the material includes a gamma
ray detector, and includes methods corresponding to the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 160 for subterranean neutron activation analysis.
Subclass:
269.7
With plural gamma detectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.6. Subject
matter wherein the means to detect radiation includes two or
more gamma ray detectors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for well testing apparatus with particular detector
signal circuit having plural detectors.
265 for well testing apparatus with plural detectors in
general.
Subclass:
269.8
With detection in plural consecutive time intervals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 269.6. Subject
matter wherein the detection method includes detecting gamma
rays in two or more time intervals which occur after the
beginning of a neutron pulse or burst from the neutron
radiation source, but before the beginning of a subsequent
neutron pulse or burst.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising data bearing means containing
information in symbolic form and detection means to sense
invisible radiation from or modified by the form to produce
an electric signal corresponding to the form, and methods of
using such means.
(1) Note. The symbolic forms of this subclass type
represent information by convention only. Thus, for example,
a photograph of an object is not a symbolic form of the
object because it does not represent the object by
convention.
(2) Note. Included are fluorescent, radioactive and
radiation controlling markings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
825.30 for intelligence comparison.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, subclass 468 for record analyzing devices
which examine records serially by radiation and subclass 491
for coded record cards having fluorescent, phosphorescent or
radiation emitting markings.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 483 for
electroluminescent devices.
346, Recorders, subclass 74.1 and 107.1+ for the production
of records utilizing electromagnetic energy to record
phenomenal information.
347, Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information, 111 for
electric marking apparatus and processes and subclasses 224+
for radiation marking apparatus and processes.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 71 for
document pattern light analyzers.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, subclass 106
and 120 for radiant energy and information masking,
respectively, for the static storage/retrieval of
information.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, subclass 101
for dynamic recording or reproducing by invisible radiation.
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclass for pattern or
character recognition systems, see Class 382 II B (1) Note.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising (1) means to select an ion of one
charge-to-mass ratio from one or more ions of a different
charge-to-mass ratio and (2) means to either detect the
selected ions or accumulate them, or methods for performing
the functions of the means (1) and (2).
(1) Note. Combination claims including a mass Spectrometer
or Calutron recited as a part of the combination will be
included here and the subclasses indented hereunder even if
merely nominally recited on the assumption that the nominally
recited mass Spectrometer or Calutron includes (1) and (2) of
the subclass definition. If the disclosure shows some other
ionic separation or analysis means, the document is excluded.
Claims reciting subject matter "in" or "for use in" a mass
Spectrometer or Calutron are excluded from this subclass and
its indents and are classified elsewhere. See Search Notes
below.
(2) Note. Where the selection is on the basis of the
polarity only of the ionized particles, classification here
is excluded See search notes to Classes 95 and 96.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for ionic lens means, per se, or in combination with an
ion source for separating ions according to their
charge-to-mass ratios but without the detecting or
accumulating means, per se.
423 for ion sources, per se, of the class type.
489 for ion accumulating means, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 23.1 for the combination
of a gas chromatograph and a nominally recited mass
spectrometer.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, especially subclass 27 and
28 for processes of gas separation using magnetism and
subclasses 57+ for processes of gas separation using an
electric or electrostatic field wherein the separation of
gases and solid particles from gases is accomplished by
methods other than the ionic separation of materials
utilizing the charge-to-mass ratio of particles. Such gases
may include the polarity or the charged status of the
particles.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, especially 1 for magnetic
separating means for gas separation and subclasses 15+ for
electric or electrostatic field separation apparatus for gas
separation wherein the means to separate gases and solid
particles from gases is means other than that for the ionic
separation of materials utilizing the charge-to-mass ratios
of particles. Such gases may include the polarity or the
charged status of particles.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 459 for electric
measuring and testing devices including ionization, e.g.,
pressure gages.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
comprising processes including the steps of selecting ions of
one mass-to-charge ratio from ions of different
mass-to-charge ratios and detecting or accumulating the
selected ions.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Methods which
include the step of collecting one or more groups of ions
having the same electrical charge-to-mass ratio.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Subject matter
wherein the collection of ions is for the express purpose of
recovery of the ionized material.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
having two or more means to produce ions acting at the same
time to supply ions to the selecting means.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
having means to intermittently produce or interrupt a flow of
ions into the selecting means and means controlling the
detector to vary its response in some manner in timed
relation to the beam producing or interrupting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
290 for pulsed ion-accelerating selecting means without
synchronizing means for the detector.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
having detector means or means responsive to the detector
that exhibits a representation of the time it takes a
selected ion to travel a given distance.
(1) Note. Examples of time-of-flight indicators of this
subclass type include cyclically swept cathode ray tubes and
"event" response frequency counters.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
having handling means for the material to be ionized for the
selecting means.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
having means producing a subatmospheric pressure environment
for the selecting means or means to maintain the pressure of
the environment of the selecting means sub atmospheric.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the ion selecting means comprises means for varying
at regular intervals the direction or magnitude of an
electric or magnetic field.
(1) Note. The fields involved in the subject matter of this
subclass are generally for intermittently accelerating ions
or causing them to oscillate, the average velocity of the
accelerated ions and the frequency of the oscillating ions
being functions of the fields and the charge-to-mass ratio of
the ions. Cyclically varying field means in ionic separation
or analysis apparatus are not necessarily classifiable here.
See search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for cyclically varying beam pulsing means external to
the selecting means and in combination with magnetic
selecting means for varying the radii of the separated ion
paths.
295 for cyclically varying ion accelerating means in
combination with magnetic selecting means for varying the
radii of the separated ion paths.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject
wherein the field means produces a desired ion path of motion
containing a unidirectional curvature of greater than 180
degrees.
(1) Note. The "Circular" path need not be uniplanar. Thus,
field means producing spiral paths will be found in this
subclass.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the selecting means comprises field means causing
alternating deflection of the ions normal to their general
forward motion.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Subject matter
wherein the ion selecting means includes a polarized field
whose direction of polarization changes cyclically.
(1) Note. Means producing selecting fields which vary in
magnitude cyclically but not in direction are not classified
in this subclass, but in 290 above. The field means
classified here tend to produce oscillations of the ions
rather than intermittent unidirectional accelerations.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the selecting means comprises a normally nonvarying
electric or magnetic field.
(1) Note. The field means of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder typically interact with the
charges of the ions to bend the path of an ion an amount
depending on its mass and charge.
(2) Note. Although the field means of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder are normally nonvarying, those
field means that have means to adjust their intensity or
direction are not precluded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for ion path bending field means, per se, or in
combination with sources. Ion path bending field means with
detectors will also be found there if the field means does
not separate ions of different charge-to-mass ratios.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
having, in addition to the ion selecting field means,
variable field means to change the path of a stream of ions.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
including in addition to a first type static field ion
selecting means, another static field of a different type ion
path bending means which may be for the purpose of selecting
ions of one charge-to-mass ration from ions of another
charge-to-mass ratio or for some other purpose such as
accelerating or focusing the ions.
(1) Note. The plural diverse types of field means of the
subject matter of this subclass are generally magnetic and
electro static.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for electrical beam focusing means, per se, and in
combination with ion sources or detectors.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
wherein diverse field means act simultaneously and within a
single evacuated container to deflect the ions more than 180
degrees or to cause paths which are not confined to one
plane.
(1) Note. Most of the subject matter pertains to ion
separation during a circular, spiral or cycloidal ion-flight
path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for devices causing similar ion paths by means of
alternating fields.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein the ion selecting means is a magnetic field.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
including signalling means responsive to the selected ions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 for ion responsive electric signalling means, per se.
472.1 for ion responsive nonelectric signalling means, per
se.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter
including means to change the response of the ion responsive
means or to keep it constant.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes methods of examining materials
for the presence or absence of oil, the amount of oil present
in the material, the contamination of oil or the
contamination of material by oil by subjecting the material
to a radiation test.
(1) Note. The material examined includes liquid and solid
materials, petroleum and petroleum products, and products,
and sample material after it has been removed from the
earth.
(2) Note. Generally the radiation used for the test is
ultraviolet radiation but any type of radiation can be
employed.
(3) Note. Visual and automatic methods of testing of oil
are here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for testing methods including taking samples from the
earth or testing on or within the earth for oil.
302 for methods using fluorescent tracer material
generally.
304 for methods involving nonradiation treatment of test
materials or the separation of test materials or the
separation of test materials before or after a radiation
test.
362 for methods of testing material which luminescence in
response to radiation and an electrical detector detects the
luminescence.
432 for irradiating supported transported or contained
material.
459.1 for methods of irradiating luminescent material.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes methods of applying a material
onto a surface, into a substance, into a closed or open pipe,
or into a fluid, static or moving, and detecting the
radiation emitted naturally or as secondary radiation as a
result of irradiation of the material or a modification of
radiation caused by the material for any purpose not provided
for else where.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass includes flow
testing methods using fluorescent material and a radiation
source to cause the material to give off light.
(2) Note. The combination of a tracer with a manufacturing
or an art process will go with the manufacturing or art
process; also, articles of manufacture with a tracer for this
class will be found with the manufactured item.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 for tracer methods used in or about a well.
459.1 for methods involving the irradiation of luminophors.
483.1 for luminescent devices generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 104 for surface or cutting edge
testing methods and apparatus; and subclass 861.07 for volume
or rate of flow meters measuring tracer concentration.
252, Compositions, subclasses 301.16-301.6 for luminescent
compositions and subclass 408 for testing or indicating
compositions.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 216, 451,
and 452+, respectively, for the combination using
electrostatically and magnetically charged particles for
detecting for flaws with or without a fluorescent or
radioactive tracer.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 237.1, 426+, and 430+
for flaw testing by optical or visual methods or apparatus.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.1
for in vivo diagnosis and testing compositions with
subclasses 9.6 and 9.61 containing compositions producing in
vivo fluorescence and subclasses 9.7, 9.71, 9.8, and 9.81
containing compositions which produce a visible change in the
mouth or on the skin and subclasses 10.1+ for Class 424
compositions with an identification or warning feature which
may involve color or a color change.
600, Surgery, 1 for radioactive materials applied to the
body for therapy, as well as devices for holding or applying
radioactive materials, and subclasses 407+ for imaging of a
part or the entire human body.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter
wherein the material is or includes a radioactive substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for radioactive tracer methods used in wells.
493.1 for radioactive tracers not found elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 625, especially 646 for radioactive
compositions
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 1.11
for the class defined compositions and methods comprising a
radionuclide or intended radionuclide.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes methods of preparing a material
or separating one material from other materials for an
invisible radiation test or controlling a material while
being tested by invisible radiation and subjecting the
material so prepared, separated or controlled to a radiation
test.
(1) Note. Preparation or controlling includes acting upon
the test material so that the radiation test can be performed
and includes temperature and pressure control of the
material, mixing, grinding, drying and chemical and physical
reactions as long as no details are given of the chemical or
physical process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, particularly 863 for a sampler.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for the preparation
of material and testing of the prepared material by an
optical test.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
methods having a chemical reaction or a physical separation
process involving a test material and the examination of the
material by radiation.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having means for or method of separating
electrons according to their respective energies (including
velocity and momentum) and detecting the separated
electrons.
(1) Note. The separated electrons may include one or more
energy level groups.
(2) Note. The separation may occur in static or dynamic
electric or magnetic deflecting, focusing or repelling
fields.
(3) Note. The electrons usually result from the bombardment
of a solid, liquid or gas sample (a) with electromagnetic
radiation or charged or neutral particles causing the
emission of electrons from the sample or (b) with primary
electrons diffracted by or transmitted through the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for similar systems for separating ions according to
charge-to-mass ratio.
306 for electron inspection systems wherein the induced,
diffracted or transmitted electrons are detected irrespective
of energy level.
396 for electron deflection systems for deflecting electrons
irrespective of energy.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the apparatus comprises a source of or
means which impels charged particles toward a nongaseous
object or material to be studied and both means to support,
position or accommodate the object or material relative to
the source or a detector, and means to detect such particles
that pass near to or through the object or material, or are
reflected from or diffracted by said object or material, or
secondary radiation emitted from the object or material.
(1) Note. The secondary radiation emitted by the object or
material may be X-rays, however, placement here requires
examination of the object or material rather than merely
bombarding a target to generate X-rays.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 for this combination with an electric detector where
the object is not studied.
399 for X-ray generation with deflection, scanning,
spreading or focusing of the beam of electrons or ions
bombarding a target.
423 for ion generators with focusing means not of the beam
lens type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 861.05, 861.07, and
861.09 for the measurement of the volume or rate of flow of
charged particles.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 138 for
X-ray tube with focusing means not of the beam lens type.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
which includes processes for inspecting an object or material
with charged particles.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the source of charged particles comprises a
radioactive material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 especially subclasses 363.01, 364, 380, 381, and 384,
for electrical detectors combined with radioactive sources of
charged particles where no object positioning means is
included in the combination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 450.2 for a metal casting
apparatus including control means influenced by a radioactive
sensor.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the charged particles are positively charged.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
having means to project a concentrated beam of electrons
against the object or material, and means to detect secondary
radiation emitted from the object or material, or electrons
deflected by the object or material.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein electrons are impelled toward the object or material
and the particles detected are electrons which have passed
near or through the object or material without substantial
deflection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
440 for object supports with or without a source.
Subclass:
315.3
SOURCE WITH CHARGED PLATE-TYPE DETECTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes a charged member and a source
of invisible radiation to irradiate the charged member, or
the step of irradiating the charged member, to alter the
charge on the member in response to the radiation.
(1) Note. Means for or the step of charging the detector
may be included in this subclass in combination with the
source and charged plate-type detector.
(2) Note. The subject matter of this subclass may be in
combination with means to hold, position or accommodate an
object in the path of the radiation from the source to the
detector, generally for the purpose of producing on the
detector an image of the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for apparatus for or the method of corona irradiation to
charge the detector without subsequent altering of the
charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 444 for dyeing
processes; and subclass 103 for bleaching processes involving
the use of corona irradiation.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for both methods and
apparatus, for effecting chemical reactions by means of
corona irradiation.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 245 and
266+ for processes involving the use of corona radiation.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 358 and 451
for apparatus for subjecting foods and beverages to wave,
radiant and electrical energy.
118, Coating Apparatus, 620 for coating apparatus combined
with means to apply corona radiation to the work.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 156
and 164+ for processes for performing chemical reactions
within an electric space discharge field, subclasses 554+ and
660+ for methods and apparatus specialized for electrical or
simultaneous electrical and magnetic separation or
purification of a liquid or for magnetic treatment of a
liquid (other than separation), and subclasses 192.1+ and
298.01+ for methods and apparatus specialized for coating,
forming, or etching objects by sputtering (e.g., coating
within a gaseous medium by the action of an electrical space
discharge to sputter coating material onto a substrate,
etc.).
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for the electric
lamp or discharge device, per se.
355, Photocopying, 3 for apparatus and method of electric
photocopying with visible light (which includes means for
charging).
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 28 for
xeroradiography.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, especially 22 for
processes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving or
sterilizing nonfoods; and subclasses 129+, especially
subclass 185 for apparatus using corona radiation for
effecting chemical reactions.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 234, 236 and 237+ for processes involving
the use of electrical, wave or radiant energy in food
treatments.
427, Coating Processes, 457 for processes of coating using
electrical or wave energy.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, 1,
and especially indented subclasses 154+ for surgical
appliances and devices which include means for applying an
electrical space discharge to the human body and which are
limited by claimed subject matter to therapeutic use.
Subclass:
316.1
With infrared or thermal pattern recording:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having a surface responsive to an infrared or
heat pattern and a recording means which may be the
responsive surface or a separate means responsive to the
surface whose response outlasts its exposure to the pattern.
(1) Note. The pattern referred to above is the thermal or
radiation field configuration which is present at the surface
of the detector.
(2) Note. The response of the recording means may be
visible or invisible (latent). Where the response is latent,
additional structure may be included to make it visible,
(e.g., develops).
(3) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for
methods associated with the recording apparatus as well as
the apparatus itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for nonrecording infrared to visible imaging systems.
Subclass:
317.1
Thermal copying of documents:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316.1. Subject
matter which includes additionally a source of infrared
radiation and a sheet type document having visual information
thereon which information selectively absorbs the radiation
from the source to form a thermal image of the information
thereon, the responsive surface being responsive to the
thermal image to cause the recording means, a copy sheet, to
form a latent or visual duplicate of the information.
(1) Note. A document for this subclass is a two-dimensional
sheet of paper which has on one or both sides of the sheet
visual information in the form of a graph, picture, writing,
handwritten or printed, from which a duplicate is to be
made.
(2) Note. The copy sheet is both the detector and the
recording means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, 765 methods and apparatus for lithos:graphic
plate making and copying by means of using radiant or dual
energy to make the copy.
281, Books, Strips, and Leaves, 15 for a group of sheets,
one being a transfer sheet and the other a copy sheet.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for imaging process using infrared radiation
with chemically defined material and for chemically defined
products useful for detecting or reviewing an image by
infrared radiation.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter
having (1) a transfer member which receives the thermal image
by heat conduction from the document and the member passes
the said heat image on to the recording means which is a copy
sheet or (2) a transfer member having material which is
transferred to the copy sheet as a result of a thermal image
received by the member from the document or (3) a transfer
member which receives a thermal image from the copy sheet and
as a result thereof transfers material from the member to the
copy sheet to form a latent or visible image of the copy
sheets.
(1) Note. The transfer member may be a sheet, roll or web.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 129 and 209 for
endless and rotary conveyors generally.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 3.01 for feeding sheet
material from a supply and delivering the sheet material to a
compartment, subclasses 8.1+ for feeding sheet material from
a supply and subclasses 63+ for delivering sheet material to
a compartment.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Subject matter
which includes a conveying device to move the document, the
copy sheet or the document and the copy sheet past the
infrared source or the infrared source past the document and
copy sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for power conveyors
generally.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivery, for conveyors to move sheet
material one at a time from a sheet supply to a sensing
station or from a sensing station to a delivery point.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein means are provided for impacting an
object with gas ions resulting from an incomplete electrical
discharge from an electrode.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes
method of and apparatus for irradiating an object to alter
some physical characteristic of the object.
(2) Note. For the classes and subclasses which provide for
irradiating to bleach, preserve, dry, treat, copy, etc. See
the classes specified in the notes to subclass 315.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315.3 for exposure of charged plate type detector
423 for corona source, per se.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein electrons or ions from the corona are deposited on an
object resulting in a residual charge on the object and
including means for or the step of moving the object during
irradiation.
(1) Note. The resulting charge deposited on the object is
generally uniform and for the purpose of producing a charged
plate type detector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315.3 for exposure of charged plate type detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, cross-reference art collection 900 for a
method or apparatus for assembly by electrostatic attraction,
which may include a step or mechanism for imposing an
electrostatic charge.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein electrons or ions from the corona are deposited on an
object resulting in a residual charge on the object.
(1) Note. See Note 1 and search notes to subclass 325.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes plural, identical radioactive
sources or sample holders, a detecting station, means to
position successively, one at a time, one of the sources or
holders at the detecting station and means to detect the
radioactive emissions from the source or holder at the
detecting station.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, 2 for
chutes, 35+ for rollerways and subclasses 38+ for skidways to
transfer articles from one point to another.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 20 for article transfer
devices.
221, Article Dispensing, subclass 1 for process for the
separation of one or more articles at a time from an article
source of supply.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes a source of radiation, a screen
and a record having a pattern or a support for a record
wherein the radiation forms a radiation image of the pattern
and (1) a light image of the radiation image is formed on the
screen or (2) a light reversal image is formed on the screen,
when illuminated and methods of using such means.
(1) Note. Included are devices which as a result of part
(2) of the definition cause more contrast of image details on
the screen when illuminated.
(2) Note. The screen is not restricted to a luminescent
type as long as an image can be seen as a result of a
radiation image incident upon the screen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for coded record readers wherein the reader gives a
response to identify a code pattern.
316.1 for methods and apparatus for recording infrared
patterns from a infrared source by means of a screen and a
recording member.
327.2 for methods and apparatus including a source with a
recording detector which may utilize a screen in the
production of a record.
330 for methods and apparatus for infrared pattern
conversion to visible light images.
458.1 for methods and apparatus for irradiating as
luminophor generally.
483.1 for luminescent devices, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 361 for film viewers
generally.
348, Television, 744 for television systems wherein the
image is projected onto a screen.
353, Optics: Image Projectors, 1 for image projectors
generally.
355, Photocopying, 18 and 78+ for methods and apparatus for
photocopying by projection or contact printing.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclass 369 and 400 for compound lens systems with viewing
screens and 466+ for Stereoscopic viewers.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means to convert an infrared
radiation field into a visible light display of the relative
intensity over the field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316.1 for recording incident infrared radiation
338.1 for infrared responsive electric signalling devices
and methods.
472.1 for infrared responsive nonelectric signalling
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, 164 for infrared to visible imaging which
includes television scanning.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
wherein the infrared conversion means comprises a liquid
crystalline material in layer form having an optical property
that is changed in the infrared image areas.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
wherein the infrared conversion means comprises a plurality
of independently responsive infrared detectors in mosaic form
each of which detects infrared radiation in a different
portion of the infrared image.
(1) Note. The detectors may (a) change in appearance and
are viewed directly or with the aid of an assisted optical
system, (b) produce a corresponding image in an associated
viewing means or (c) produce electrical signals to control a
display device.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
wherein the infrared conversion means comprises an evacuated
envelope having an infrared responsive input screen with (1)
an output screen for visualizing an intensified image or (2)
means for converting the infrared image to electrical signals
to control a display device.
(1) Note. Devices under item (1) above include image
intensifier tubes. Devices under item (2) above include
vidicon tubes and television cameras.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
wherein the infrared conversion means includes (1) means for
moving the detector in faster fashion across the field of
view or (2) optical means moving in faster fashion across the
field of view for reflecting infrared radiation to a
stationary detector.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including vessels transparent in whole or in
part to permit visual observation of the interior and means
establishing a supersaturated condition in a gas or liquid
confined in the vessel to cause visible vapor or bubbles to
form in response to an ionizing event or the passage of a
particle therethrough.
Subclass:
336.1
INVISIBLE RADIANT ENERGY RESPONSIVE ELECTRIC SIGNALLING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which when subjected in whole or in part to
invisible radiant energy produces between some two
electrically accessible points an increase or decrease in
electric potential difference or current flow.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder includes means to convert
invisible radiant energy to some other kind of energy which
is then converted to an electrical signal. For example, means
including a phosphorescent material that produces visible
light in response to irradiation by invisible radiant energy
combined with means producing an electrical signal in
response to irradiation by the visible light will be found in
subclasses 361+.
(2) Note. Subject matter responsive only to visible radiant
energy or useful with both visible and invisible radiant
energy is not classified here but in subclasses 200+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for subject matter responsive to visible radiant energy
or useful with both visible and invisible radiant energy.
472.1 for means which respond to invisible radiation but do
not produce, or are not combined with means that produce, a
corresponding electrical signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 for light wave communications.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses for X-ray devices of this type.
Subclass:
336.2
Superconducting type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter including material having a substantial decrease in
electric resistance near absolute zero.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 176 for
temperature measurement with a superconductive sensor.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter
having means or steps for thermally exciting to luminescence
a material that is or has been exposed to invisible radiation
in combination with means responsive to the luminescence to
produce an electric signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for luminophors in combination with luminescence
responsive electric signalling means without heating.
483.1 for luminophors, per se.
Subclass:
338.1
Infrared responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter wherein the signalling means is responsive to
electromagnetic radiation having a wave-length in the range
of 750 nanometers to 1 millimeter, i.e., infrared.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder does not include heat or
temperature responsive means, per se. But these subclasses
do include means to convert infrared radiation to heat
combined with heat or temperature responsive electric
signalling means responsive to such converted radiations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 224 for
thermocouples, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 600 for radiant
energy conditions indicators.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for temperature
Measurement.
Subclass:
338.2
Ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, photomagnetic types:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter including a material in which (a) the direction of
polarization can be reversed by an electric or magnetic field
or (b) in which the magnetic permeability can be changed by
infrared radiation.
(1) Note. Ferroelectric materials are pyroelectric as
well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338.3 for pyroelectric infrared detectors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 176 for temperature
measurement with a ferroelectric or ferromagnetic sensor.
Subclass:
338.3
Pyroelectric type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter including a material wherein a change in the intensity
of absorbed incident radiation produces an electric signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for infrared-to-visible imaging with a pyroelectric
target.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass
213 for radiation pyrometers.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 388 for
cathode ray tubes with a pyroelectric target.
Subclass:
338.4
Semiconducting type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter including material having a resistivity intermediate
that of metals and insulators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for infrared-to-visible imaging with a semiconducting
target.
370.01 for semiconducting detectors, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118,
184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, and 414-466 for
radiation-sensitive active semiconductors devices, and
subclasses 613+ for active semiconductor devices containing
Group II-VI compounds.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 178 for
temperature measurement with a semiconductor.
Subclass:
338.5
With means to analyze uncontained fluent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to detect infrared radiation emanating
from the material.
(1) Note. The emanation from the material may be natural
emission or radiation modified or caused by the material as
through reflection, resonant absorption, reradiation and the
like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339.07 and 339.08, for infrared spectrometry.
343 and 373, for transmission-testing of contained
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 317 for spectroscopy
with sample excitation using light, and subclasses 436+ for
transmission or absorption testing of a fluent material.
Subclass:
339.01
With selection of plural discrete wavelengths or bands:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to isolate from an infrared beam two or
more of its components having different wavelengths or ranges
of wavelengths and to direct the components simultaneously or
at different times to the responsive means and methods
involving the use of such means.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes
"infrared spectrometry" which includes, in addition to the
means of the subclass, a sample of a material to be tested
positioned in the infrared beam either before or after the
selection means. The subject matter of this subclass does
not include signalling means that have plural wavelengths or
bands wherein only one wavelength or band is in the infrared
region of the spectrum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.06 for systems with means to differentiate between
different wavelengths or types of invisible radiation.
503.1 for a radiation source for this class and a filter for
the radiation source, the filter being an absorption filter
or a prism or diffraction grating type filter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 300 for spectroscopic
apparatus using visible light and dispersive devices;
subclasses 319+ for spectrophotometers; and subclasses 405,
406, and 407 for spectroscopic apparatus using visible light
and dispersive devices, subclasses 85+ for plural
spectrophotometers, subclasses 96+ for spectrophotometers,
per se, and subclasses 176, 177, and 178 for
spectrophotometers of the plural filter type where only
visible light tests are performed.
Subclass:
339.02
Including detector array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter wherein infrared detection means comprise a plurality
of independently responsive infrared detectors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for infrared-to-visible imaging detector array.
349 for plural infrared responsive signaling means not
having plural discrete wavelengths or bands.
Subclass:
339.03
Including temperature control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter containing means to adjust or maintain the temperature
of a signalling means, of a component thereof, or of a sample
under analysis.
(1) Note. A sample is defined as a solid material or object
or a fluent material (i.e., liquid or gas) that is being
analyzed to determine particular properties or attributes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
352 for temperature-controlled infrared detectors.
370.15 for temperature control of semiconductor systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 514 for detector cooling in
general.
Subclass:
339.04
Including temperature determining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter containing means to measure the temperature of a
sample under analysis.
Subclass:
339.05
With additional noninfrared wavelengths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter wherein the signalling means utilize or sense
electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths outside the
infrared region of the spectrum in addition to the plural
wavelengths or bands within the infrared region.
Subclass:
339.06
With radiation source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter which includes irradiation of a sample by infrared
radiation and detection of the emitted radiation from the
sample or the radiation after transmission or reflection from
the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341.8 for methods involving irradiating samples.
Subclass:
339.07
Including spectrometer or spectrophotometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.06. Subject
matter wherein a spectrometer or a spectrophotometer is used
to detect infrared radiation that has interacted with a
sample.
(1) Note. A spectrometer is an instrument that determines
the frequency distribution of the energy generated by a
source and displays all components simultaneously. A
spectrophotometer is an instrument that detects and measures
the spectral transmittance, reflectance, or emittance of a
sample for comparing or determining properties as a function
of wavelength.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 319 for
spectrophotometers, and subclasses 326+ for spectrometers.
Subclass:
339.08
Including Fourier transform infrared spectrometry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.07. Subject
matter wherein the detection process includes performing a
Fourier transform on the detected signal.
(1) Note. A Fourier transform is a mathematical operation
which decomposes a time varying signal into its complex
frequency components (amplitude and the phase or real and
imaginary components).
Subclass:
339.09
With calibration steps in measurement process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.06. Subject
matter wherein the process of quantifying a property or
attribute of a sample includes establishing a reference level
or scale.
(1) Note. References are established by normalizing the
measurement of interest with a measurement from a reference
wavelength or by measuring the response of the system under
known conditions (e.g. first measuring fixed samples).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.1 for calibration or standardization methods.
Subclass:
339.1
Determining moisture content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.06. Subject
matter wherein means are particularly adapted to determine
the presence or quantity of water in a sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390.05 for neutron responsive moisture determining systems.
Subclass:
339.11
Measuring infrared radiation reflected from sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.06. Subject
matter wherein detection means are positioned to receive
infrared radiation which has been reflected by a sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 445 for light
reflection systems in general.
Subclass:
339.12
Using sample absorption for chemical composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.06. Subject
matter wherein chemical constituents or properties of a
sample are determined by detecting and analyzing infrared
radiation that has interacted with the sample.
Subclass:
339.13
With gaseous sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.12. Subject
matter wherein a sample is in a gaseous state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for infrared responsive systems with fluid confining
means between the source and detector.
Subclass:
339.14
Detecting infrared emissive objects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.01. Subject
matter which includes the detection of an infrared radiant
energy emitting object and indication of the presence,
location, or direction of the energy emitting object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for methods involving location of infrared emissive
objects.
Subclass:
339.15
Sensing flame or explosion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the detection means sense infrared wavelengths
emitted by the combustion of solids or gases.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communication: Electrical, 578 for flame responsive
indication systems.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter which includes methods of detecting infrared radiation
where not elsewhere provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341.1 for methods involving electric signalling where the
detected radiation is first modified by material or an object
before detection.
342 for methods involving the locating of objects.
Subclass:
341.1
With irradiation or heating of object or material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Subject matter
comprising methods which include the irradiation of a
material or an object by infrared radiation, or the heating
of a material or an object to emit infrared radiation, and
the detection of the radiation from the material or object.
Subclass:
341.2
Including probe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein an elongated element (e.g., an optical fiber)
is used to irradiate the material or object with infrared
radiation or to detect infrared radiation from the material
or object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227.11 for optical probes using visible radiation.
Subclass:
341.3
Including polarizing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter having means to polarize infrared radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for optical or pre-photocell systems with means for
polarizing visible light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 364 for polarized light
examination.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
483 for polarizers, per se.
Subclass:
341.4
With semiconductor sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein the object irradiated or heated is a material
having resistivity intermediate that of metals and insulators
(i.e., a semiconductor).
Subclass:
341.5
With calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein the process includes establishing a reference
level or scale based on detected infrared radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.1 for calibration or standardization methods with
sources of invisible radiation.
339.09 for calibration with selection of plural discrete
infrared wavelengths or bands.
Subclass:
341.6
Heating of object or material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein the material or object is heated causing the
material or object to emit infrared radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 5 for heating
of specimen for detection of leak or flaw.
Subclass:
341.7
With multiple sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein the material or object is irradiated with
infrared radiation from two or more distinct sources.
Subclass:
341.8
Measuring infrared radiation reflected from sample:
This subclass is indented under subclass 341.1. Subject
matter wherein detection means are positioned to receive
infrared radiation which has been reflected by the material
or object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339.11 for measuring infrared radiation reflected from
samples with selection of plural discrete wavelengths or
bands.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 445 for light
reflection systems in general.
Subclass:
342
Subject matter under 340 which includes the detection of an
infrared radiant energy emitting object and the indication of
the presence, location or direction of the energy emitting
object.
(1) Note. An object includes planets, infrared sources and
man made objects.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having a source of infrared radiation in addition to
the signalling means and means to confine a gas, fluid or
fluid-like material between the source and the signalling
means so that the signalling means responds to radiation,
from the source, that passes through the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 2 for processes using IR transmission
tests to control the concentration of a mixture of fluent
materials and subclass 93 for corresponding apparatus.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclass 40 for automatic
control of distillation apparatus by means of infrared
absorption test.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, subclass 683.4 for
control of concentrations by IR transmission tests.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
having two or more signalling means spaced along a single
path of radiation from the source.
(1) Note. Expansible gas responsive means having two
chambers and a common deformable wall which moves as a result
of the difference in pressures between the two chambers and
gives an electrical signal is included in this subclass if
both chambers are in the path of the radiation.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
wherein the source of infrared radiation forms two or more
beams with at least one beam being transmitted through the
contained material, and two or more electric signalling
means, one responsive to radiation transmitted through the
contained material and at least one in the path of one of the
other beams.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.1 for methods of standardizing the apparatus of this
subclass type.
339.01 for means forming two or more beams of different
wavelengths or bands which may be combined with a contained
fluent and a detector in two or more of the radiation paths.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
wherein the signalling means includes a means that absorbs
the incident infrared radiation and converts it to heat
combined with electrical means having some electrical
parameter (capacitance, resistance, etc.), that varies in
response to the heat.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to change the path of the infrared
radiation from the source to the signalling means; or to
cause the radiation to converge, the orientation or position
of the means being changeable with respect to some part of
the path or signalling means.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
having means responsive to the radiant energy responsive
means to change or maintain constant the orientation of the
deflector or focussing means.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having two or more infrared responsive electric
signalling means.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
having means to change at regular intervals some
characteristic of the infrared radiation in the path of the
radiation from the source to the signalling means.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to change at regular intervals some
characteristic of the infrared radiation in the path of the
radiation from the source to the signalling means.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to conduct heat to or from at least some
part of the infrared responsive electric signalling means.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Subject
matter having means to change the path of the infrared
radiation from its source to the signalling means or to cause
the radiation to converge.
Subclass:
354.1
Signalling means controls incident radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter including means responsive to the electric signalling
means to vary or maintain constant some characteristic of the
invisible radiation impinging upon the signalling means.
(1) Note. Example of means of this subclass type include
means to vary the intensity, angle of incidence or wavelength
of the impinging radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 8, 97
and 108 for X-ray devices of this type.
Subclass:
356.1
Flow metering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter which includes a passageway containing moving material
or a substance controlled by the moving material, a radiation
source which may be the material itself, a detector
responsive to the radiation from the source after passage of
the radiation through the material or substance or the
radiation from the material, wherein the detection forms the
basis for a rate of flow determination and methods
corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for testing of wells involving the testing for leakage
of fluids into or out of a well.
259 for the use of tracer material in a well to test for
leakage into or out of a well.
302 for rate of flow metering using tracer materials.
306 for rate of flow testing using charge particles.
359.1 for fluent material level tests.
432 for rate of flow testing of confined moving fluids using
a nonelectric detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 51 for
X-ray devices which may include flow metering.
Subclass:
356.2
Using radioactive tracer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. Subject
matter wherein the material is or includes a radioactive
substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for radioactive tracer methods.
Subclass:
357.1
Fluent material level signalling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter which includes a body of fluent material, a radiant
energy source, and a detector responsive to the source
arranged so that the body of fluent material is located in
the radiation path between the source and detector or the
body of fluent material supports either the source or
detector, wherein the detector produces an output
representative of the height or depth of the body of fluent
material and methods corresponding to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for containing fluent material level signalling where
charged particles are used to sense the level of the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290 for liquid level or depth
gauges not using invisible light.
116, Signals and Indicators, 109 and 227+ for mechanical
liquid level indicators.
137, Fluid Handling, 386 for liquid level responsive or
maintaining system.
340, Communications: Electrical, 612 for fluent or
pulverized material level not using invisible light.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 52 for
X-ray type level measuring.
Subclass:
358.1
With means to inspect passive solid objects:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter having, in addition to an electric signalling means, a
source of invisible radiant energy and means to support,
position, or accommodate a material in the solid state in the
radiation path from the source to the signalling means, the
signalling means responding to radiation from the source
passing through the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for means to inspect solid objects wherein the radiation
is comprised of charged particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses for X-ray devices of this type.
Subclass:
359.1
Rectilinearly moving object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Subject
matter wherein the object is radiated by a source while the
object is continuously moving in a straight line.
Subclass:
360.1
With relative movement means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Subject
matter having movement conveying means to move either the
source, signalling means, object or object accommodating
means with respect to the other means.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter
in which the means that produces the change in electric
potential difference or current flow is a photodetector
responsive to incident visible light emitted from a means
which passively converts the energy of incident invisible
radiation into visible radiation.
(1) Note. The means that produces the change in electrical
potential difference or current flow is usually a photocell,
photomutiplier or iconoscope.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass and the subclasses
indented hereunder are means for producing and detecting
Cerenkov radiation.
(3) Note. The luminophor may be a luminescent material to
be tested by invisible radiation or it may be a means to test
incident invisible radiation. In either case, the response
of the luminiphor is indicated electrically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for visible light responsive electric signalling means
without an invisible-to-visible radiation converting
luminophor.
389 for photoemmissive detectors without a luminophor
invisible-to-visible converter.
458.1 for methods and means for irradiating luminophors, per
se.
483.1 for luminescent means for signalling by its
luminescence, per se, the incidence of invisible radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for light responsive photocell detectors, see particularly
the class definition, Lines With Other Classes, "Fluorescence
and Phosphorescence Testing" and "Lasers and Resonance
Radiation" and the notes to subclass 199, 201 and 204.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
comprising processes including the signalling of incident
invisible radiation by the electrical detection of light from
an exposed luminophor.
Subclass:
363.01
With radiant energy source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
in combination with means which irradiates either the
luminophor or the photodetector or both.
(1) Note. The means which irradiates the photodetector may
be a source of visible light.
(2) Note. Means which generate invisible radiation as a
result of irradiation by another source of radiation is
included in this subclass, the first means being the source
which the detector is responsive to.
Subclass:
363.02
Body scanner or camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.01. Subject
matter in combination with irradiating means to form a
visible image of the radiation within the body.
(1) Note. A body includes human beings and animals.
(2) Note. The photodetector may move or it may remain
stationary with respect to the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 4 and subclasses
21+ for tomos:graphic body scanners with an external X-ray or
Gamma Ray source, subclasses 63+ for X-ray imaging combined
with non-X-ray imaging and subclass 146 for scanners with an
external X-ray or Gamma Ray source.
Subclass:
363.03
With positron source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter in which the means which irradiates is a source of
particles with a mass the same as that of the electron, but
with a positive charge.
Subclass:
363.04
Emission tomography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter in which the image-forming means produces an image of
a cross-section of the body from the radiation emitted within
the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 4 and subclasses
21+ for tomography with an external X-ray source.
Subclass:
363.05
With detector support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.04. Subject
matter including structure to support or move the
photodetector.
(1) Note. The detectors of a tomography apparatus are moved
in a circle about an axis perpendicular to the cross-section
of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363.08 for detector support of body scanners or cameras in
general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 189 for X-ray
nonphotos:graphic detector supports, and subclasses 193+ for
X-ray sources support.
Subclass:
363.06
Using coded aperture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter including means to spatially modulate radiation prior
to its impinging upon the photodetector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 2 for
special modulation of X-ray prior to impingement upon an
object.
Subclass:
363.07
With distortion correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter in combination with means to process the electric
current produced by the photodetector to reduce distortion in
the visible image formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for post-detection circuitry in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 413.26, for life science radiation detection with
significant signal processing.
Subclass:
363.08
With detector support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter including structure to support or move the
photodetector irradiating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363.05 for detector support in emission tomography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 189 for X-ray
nonphotos:graphic detector supports, and subclasses 193+ for
X-ray source supports.
Subclass:
363.09
With calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter including means to establish a reference indication of
the invisible radiation or its level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.1 for calibrating and standardizing methods in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 571 for calibration operations on electrical
signals.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 207 for
calibration of X-ray devices.
Subclass:
363.1
With a collimator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363.02. Subject
matter in combination with means to control the shape, size,
axial direction or focal length of radiation reaching the
luminophor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
505.1 for other radiation controlling means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 147 for
collimators with a radiation source outside the body.
Subclass:
364
Subject matter under subclasses 363.01+ in which the means
that irradiates is either a fluid or gas or particles
suspended in either a fluid or gas medium and means are
provided to either conduct or hold the fluent source.
(1) Note. The means to hold the fluid may be, for example,
a receptacle or an absorbent.
Subclass:
365
Subject matter under subclasses 363.01+ wherein there is at
least one source of electromagnetic radiation in the
ultraviolet region which irradiates either the luminophor or
the photo detector or both.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
in which there are two or more means each of which produces
an electric potential difference or a current flow in
response to incident radiation.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass may comprise
either two or more luminophor - photodetector pairs or two or
more photodetectors irradiated by visible light from any
number of luminophors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
367 for two or more luminophors irradiating only one
photodetector.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
including two or more separate passive means that convert
incident invisible radiation into visible radiation or
including diverse passive means that convert incident
invisible radiation into visible radiation.
(1) Note. The diverse passive means may include a crystal
of dissimilar materials both of which luminesce but in
response to different incident radiations.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
in combination with means affecting the transmission of
visible light between the liminophor and the light detector.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass includes optical
means between the luminophor and the light detector other
than the atmosphere or a window (optical flat) which is not
specifically included to attenuate, filter, focus or direct
light. Included, for example, are light pipes, filters,
shutters, lenses and reflectors.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Subject matter
in combination with electric circuit means which is energized
or controlled by the electric current produced by the
photodetector.
Subclass:
370.01
Semiconductor system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter wherein the invisible radiant energy responsive
electric signal generating means, i.e., detection means, is
made of a material having a resistivity intermediate that of
metals and insulators, and means are provides for using or
controlling the electric signal or for modifying the
invisible radiant energy input signal.
(1) Note. This subclass and those indented thereunder do
not provide for claims which only recite the structure of a
photocell, per se. Photocells, per se, are classified
elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118,
184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, and 414-466 for
invisible radiation-sensitive active semiconductors devices.
Subclass:
370.02
Alpha particle detection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains detection means to
generate the electric signal in response to helium nuclei
impingent thereupon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for alpha detectors to detect radon gas.
374 for alpha detection with gas discharge devices.
472.1 for alpha detectors to detect radon gas.
Subclass:
370.03
Fission fragment/fissionable isotope detection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains detection means to
generate an electric signal in response to a fission fragment
or fissionable isotope impingent thereupon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for geological testing with sampling for the presence of
fissionable isotopes.
269.1 for geological testing with a radiation source for the
presence of fissionable isotopes.
390.04 for composition analysis using a neutron detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 253 for reactor fuel element leak
detection by detection of fission products external to the
fuel element; and subclass 257 for reactor fuel assay.
Subclass:
370.04
Self-powered system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the detection means generates the signal
without any electrical power supply connected thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.04 for semiconductor neutron detectors that are not
self-powered.
390.01 for neutron detectors in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 254 for reactor flux monitors.
Subclass:
370.05
Neutron detection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains detection means to
generate an electric signal in response to a neutron
impingent thereupon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.04 for self-powered semiconductor neutron detectors.
390.01 for neutron detectors with an electric output.
472.1 for detectors with a nonelectric output.
Subclass:
370.06
Discrimination-type system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains means to differentiate
between different types of invisible radiant energy impingent
thereupon or between different output signal
characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339.07 and 339.08, for infraded spectrometers.
390.07 for neutron spectrum analysis.
Subclass:
370.07
Dose or dose rate measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system includes means to determine the
amount of radiant energy incident on the detection means,
including with respect to time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
374 for gas discharge-type dosimeters and dose rate
monitors.
388 for gas discharge-type devices with an indicator.
390.01 for neutron dose rate monitors in general.
390.03 for neutron dosimeters.
392 for neutron dose rate monitors with an indicator.
475.2 for photos:graphic-type dosimeters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 254 for reactor flux monitors.
Subclass:
370.08
Imaging system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains means to form an image of
an object which is directly or indirectly illuminating the
radiant energy detection means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for infrared-to-visible imaging with semiconductor
detectors.
338.4 for infrared-responsive semiconductor detectors.
349 for infrared-responsive detectors with plural signalling
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 21, 53-56, 113-118,
184-189, 225-234, 257, 258, 290-294, and 414-466 for
invisible radiation-sensitive active semiconductors devices.
348, Television, 164 for infrared responsive television
cameras.
Subclass:
370.09
X-ray or gamma-ray system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system includes an X-ray or gamma ray
source of radiant energy to be incident on the radiant energy
detection means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363.2 for gamma-ray imaging devices including a
scintillator.
367 for gamma-ray imaging devices including plural
scintillators.
370.11 for radiation-sensitive scintillators with a
semiconductor to detect visible light therefrom.
385.1 for X-ray and gamma-ray imaging with a gas-discharge
detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 10, 11, 53-56, 225+, 414, and
428-430 for active semiconductors devices responsive to
X-rays or gamma rays.
378, X-Ray or Gamma-Ray Systems or Devices, 98.2 for
circuits for X-ray responsive television cameras.
Subclass:
370.1
Position sensitive detection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the system contains means to produce an
electric signal which indicates the position of the radiant
energy on the detection means or the position of the source
of the radiant energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
385.1 for position-sensitive gas discharge detectors.
390.12 for position-sensitive neutron detectors.
Subclass:
370.11
Scintillation system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter further including a luminophor which converts energy
incident thereupon (e.g., electrons, X-rays, etc.) into
radiant energy to which the detection means is responsive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363.2 for gamma-ray imaging devices including a
scintillator.
367 for gamma-ray imaging devices including plural
scintillators.
370.09 for X-ray and gamma-ray imaging with a
semiconductor.
Subclass:
370.12
Of material other than germanium, diamond, or silicon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the detection means is an uncommonly used
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.13 for semiconductor detectors including mixtures of
cadmium telluride.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 19, 22, 40, 42, 43, 63, 65, 76-78, 102, 103, 188,
189, 200, 201, 289, 295, 607-612, 613-616, 915, and 916 for
particular active region materials.
Subclass:
370.13
Containing cadmium telluride:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.12. Subject
matter wherein the detection means includes Cadmium
Telluride.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338.4 for infrared-responsive semiconducting detectors
including CdTe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 614 for active semiconductor
devices containing group II-VI compounds.
Subclass:
370.14
Particular detection structure (e.g., MOS, PIN):
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Subject
matter wherein the detection means has a specified
semiconductor structural arrangement (e.g., a light
responsive field effect transistor, or P-I-N diode, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), the entire class, for active solid-state
semiconductor devices, per se, which have particular
structure.
Subclass:
370.15
Temperature control or compensation system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.02. Subject
matter further including means to adjust or maintain the
temperature of the system or of a component thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
352 for cooled infrared detectors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 514 for detector cooling in
general.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 468, 625, 675, 706, 707, and
712-722 for temperature controlled devices.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.1. Subject
matter including processes employing semiconductor detection
means to produce an electrical signal.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter wherein the radiation responsive means responds to
ultraviolet light.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Subject matter
having a source of ultraviolet radiation in addition to the
signalling means and means to confine a gas, fluid or
fluid-like material between the source and the signalling
means so that the signalling means responds to radiation from
the source, that passes through the material.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter wherein the two electrically accessible points are
separated by an ionizable gas, which gas when subjected to
invisible radiation ionizes and conducts a current from one
point to the other, the current being the signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 93 for
radiant energy responsive gas discharge devices, per se.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
149 for systems for energizing discharge devices that are
responsive to radiant energy.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 459 for testing
for other than radiation by ionization means.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
which includes methods corresponding to the apparatus which
utilize a radiant energy responsive gas discharge device.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject
including two electrostatically charged relatively movable
members, at least one of which is electrically connected to
at least one of the electrodes, the discharge of which cause
one of the members to be deflected with respect to the other,
thus producing a visible indication of ionizing radiant
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 109 for
electroscopes, per se.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Subject matter
combined with means for converting mechanical energy to
electric energy and means electrically connecting said
converting means to the relatively movable members to
transfer electric charge thereto.
(1) Note. The converting means of this subclass may
include, for example, dynamo - electric generators,
electrostatic generators or such electroscopes as the pith -
ball type which are shaken to electrostatically charge the
balls.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Subject matter
with a capacitor or polarizable dielectric electrically
connected to at least one of the relatively movable members.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes, for
example, electrets in combination with electroscopic
indicators.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
combined with means to move or permit movement of gas to,
through, or away from the space between the electrodes.
(1) Note. Vapors as well as gases are used to ionize the
space between the electrodes of the device.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
wherein the gas supplied to the electrodes emits,
spontaneously, nuclear particulate or electromagnetic energy
or has entrained in it other gases or fluent-like materials
that emit spontaneously nuclear particulate or
electromagnetic energy.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
in combination with means to ionize the gas between the
electrodes comprising a material that emits, spontaneously
nuclear particulate or electromagnetic energy.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
including a radioactive material or a source of
electromagnetic or particulate radiation which detaches
electrons from the molecules of the gas between the
electrodes.
(1) Note. The means to ionize the gas may be contained
within the gas itself, such as radioactive dust or may be
external to it.
(2) Note. Not considered a means to ionize the gas is a
material, e.g., comprising the container of the gas, which
when irradiated, itself gives off ions or some other
radiation which ionizes the gas. The means to ionize the gas
in the example would be the means that irradiates the
container.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 459 for electrical
testing by ionizing, without irradiation.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter
wherein the means to ionize the gas is another fluid-like
material that emits invisible radiant energy, or wherein the
means to ionize the gas comprises some other source of
invisible radiation and there is provided some means to
contain or otherwise accommodate between the source and the
gas discharge device a gas, fluid or fluid-like material
through which the radiation from the source passes to the gas
discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
379 for means to supply a radioactive gas to the space
between the electrodes of the gas discharge device.
384 for solid radioactive means to ionize the ionizable
gas.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter
wherein the means to ionize the gas is a material that emits
spontaneously, invisible nuclear particulate or
electromagnetic energy.
Subclass:
385.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Plural
chambers or three or more electrodes: Subject matter wherein
there are more than two electrically independent,
electrically accessible points or wherein the gas molecules
between the electrically accessible points are prevented from
free movement between the points by a wall or other barrier.
Subclass:
385.2
Spark chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385.1. Subject
matter wherein incoming radiant energy ionizes the gas
molecules to trigger a spark between the electrically
independent, electrically accessible points.
(1) Note. The position of the spark corresponds to the
position of the ionizing event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
385.1 for multiwire, position-sensitive detectors.
390.12 for position-sensitive neutron detectors.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
combined with means to establish an electric potential
difference between the electrically accessible points of the
gas discharge tube, which means changes the value of the
electric potential difference at random intervals of time.
(1) Note. The means of this subclass may change the bias
voltage in response to a discharge in the gas device due to
impinging radiation for the purpose of quenching the
discharge. Since the time intervals between ionizing events
is random the biasing means varying in response to such
events is considered periodic.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
combined with means to establish a potential difference
between the two electrically accessible points which
potential difference varies at equal intervals of time.
(1) Note. The periodic bias supply of this subclass
functions, for example, to quench the discharge in the gas
device.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter
combined with perceptible means to signal the presence or
amount of radiation impinging upon the radiant energy
responsive gas discharge device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
376 for a radiant energy responsive gas discharge device
combined with an electroscopis indicator.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter wherein the radiant energy responsive means is
electrically charged by incident radiation either by
retention if incident charged particles or by means of the
incident radiation raising the energy level of molecules in
the signalling device sufficiently enough to produce free
electrons.
(1) Note. This is the residual locus for all radiation
responsive signalling means including a device which is
ionized by impinging radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for means which emit light upon ionizing events which
light is photoelectrically detected.
374 for gas or vapor means rendered conductive by ionizing
radiation.
Subclass:
390.01
Neutron responsive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter which produces a change in electric potential
differential or current flow when subjected to particles with
a mass approximately the same as that of a proton but with no
electric charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.04 for self-powered semiconductor detectors which may be
neutron-responsive.
370.05 for semiconductor-type neutron detectors.
Subclass:
390.02
Radios:graphic analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with means to form a visible image of
neutrons modified by an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for light amplifiers with vacuum tube circuits.
363.02 for imaging with a luminophor-containing detector of
a radioisotope source within a body.
370.08 for radiant energy imaging using semiconductor
detectors.
385.1 for imaging using a gas discharge detector.
475.2 for photos:graphic-type detectors.
483.1 for detectors with an image convertor screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 57 for
closed container inspection, subclasses 58+ for X-ray flaw
analysis, subclasses 62+ for X-ray absorption imaging,
subclasses 98+ for X-ray radiography with electronic image
display, subclasses 167+ for X-ray photos:graphic detector
supports and subclasses 189+ for X-ray nonphotos:graphic
detector supports including fluoroscopes.
Subclass:
390.03
With dose measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter including means to determine quantity of incident
neutron energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for thermoluminescent dosimeters.
370.07 for dose measurement with semiconductor detectors.
374 for dose measurement with gas discharge devices.
472.1 for nonelectric, nonphotos:graphic dosimeters.
475.2 for photos:graphic-type dosimeters.
484.1 for dosimeters having externally-activated
luminescence.
Subclass:
390.04
Composition analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with means to determine the
constituents of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
269.4 for composition analysis of a formation surrounding a
bore-hole using a source.
370.03 for semiconductor detectors of fission fragment or
fissionable isotopes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, subclass 159 for neutron activation analysis.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 45 for
composition analysis using fluorescence, subclass 53 for
composition analysis using absorption, and subclass 83 for
composition analysis using spatial energy dispersion.
Subclass:
390.05
For moisture content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.04. Subject
matter wherein the means is particularly adapted to determine
the presence or quantity of water in the object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for geological testing.
339.1 for moisture analysis with an infrared source.
358.1 for means to inspect passive solid objects.
Subclass:
390.06
Density/thickness/consistency analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with means to determine one or more
physical quantities of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for beta thickness gauges.
358.1 for means to inspect passive solid objects.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 50 for
thickness or density analysis using fluorescence, subclasses
54+ for thickness or density analysis using absorption, and
subclass 89 for thickness or density analysis using scatter.
Subclass:
390.07
Spectrum analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with means to discriminate neutrons
with respect to energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.06 for spectrum analysis using a semiconductor
detector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 49 for
X-ray fluorescence spectrometers.
Subclass:
390.08
Using time-of-flight spectrometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.07. Subject
matter wherein the discrimination means operates on the basis
of the time it takes a selected neutron to travel a given
distance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
287 for ion mobility detectors and time-of-flight mass
spectrometers.
Subclass:
390.09
Using diffractometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.07. Subject
matter wherein the discrimination means operates on the basis
of diffraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 71 for X-ray
diffractometers.
Subclass:
390.1
Including beam control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with means to modify, contain or
eliminate at least some of the neutrons incident upon the
responsive means.
(1) Note. See subclass 505.1 of this Class 250, (3) Note,
for types of beam control.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
505.1 for radiation controlling means in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 84 for
X-ray monochromators, subclasses 147+ for collimators,
subclass 160 for X-ray shutters and choppers.
Subclass:
390.11
Including a scintillator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter in combination with a luminophor which converts
incident neutrons to another type of energy to which the
means is responsive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for light amplifiers with vacuum tube circuits.
361 for devices with a luminophor providing an electric
signal.
370.11 for semiconductor detectors with a scintillator.
483.1 for detectors with an image convertor screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 185 for
photos:graphic X-ray detectors with a convertor screen.
Subclass:
390.12
Position-sensitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter wherein the change in electric potential differential
or current flow indicates the location of incidence of
incident neutrons.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363.02 for body scanners with a luminophor.
370.10 for semiconductor-type position-sensitive devices.
385.1 for position-sensitive gas discharge devices.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter which include methods of detecting or measuring the
change in electric potential differential or current flow
generated when the responsive means is subjected to neutron
particles.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.01. Subject
matter with means for indicating or recording the signal
generated by the neutron responsive means.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter in combination with a claimed source of invisible
radiation to which the signalling means responds.
(1) Note. This subclass takes those devices which are
disclosed as being responsive to unclaimed sources as well as
to the claimed source, (e.g., calibration "sample") as long
as the means responsive to the unclaimed source is the same
means that responds to the claimed source.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter including two or more radiant energy responsive
electric signalling means.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 336.1. Subject
matter which include processes for producing an electrical
signal between some two electrically accessible points.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having means to deflect, scan, spread or focus
a beam of electrons or ions.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder is often referred to as
"electro-optical means" because its effect on electronic or
ionic beams is similar to the effects of lenses or prisms on
light beams.
(2) Note. Beam forming means, per se, or electron or ion
accelerating means, per se, are not classified here even
though they may be recited as focusing means since the
definition of this subclass presupposes a beam already
formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
423 for ion generators with focusing means not of the beam
lens type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, subclass 210, for ion or electron beam
deflecting magnets, per se, and the Search Notes thereto for
combinations including such magnet means.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter
having means responsive to invisible radiation to signal the
presence or intensity of such radiation.
(1) Note. The incident radiation may be the beam itself or
some other radiation.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter
having means to hold, position or accommodate an object to be
irradiated by the beam, or such an object itself in
combination with the lens.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
wherein the object irradiated itself gives off invisible
radiation as a result of its having been struck by the beam.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter
combined with means to move the material irradiated to,
through, within or from the beam path or to cause a moving
material to move to, through, within or from the beam path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
453.1 for means to convey an irradiated material to, through
or from a beam path where no beam deflecting or focusing
means is included in the combination.
Subclass:
423
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising electrical means or processes to
remove from or add to an electrically neutral atom or
molecule one or more electrons to give to the atom or
molecule a net electrical charge.
(1) Note. Subject matter in this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder includes ion beam generators
wherein the ion generator is combined with means to
accelerate the ions in one general direction. Such means to
accelerate typically includes accelerating electric field
means or means to form the material to be ionized into a
vapor jet so that the vapor particles after ionization, will
be in beam form by virtue of their momentum.
(2) Note. This subclass is the residual locus for ion
generators, per se, not elsewhere classified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for ion generators with beam deflecting or focussing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 202 for ion motors.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 62 for
ion generators in Cyclotrons and subclasses 359.1+ for
discharge devices with means to generate and accelerate
positive or negative ions, and subclasses 231.01+ for means
for supplying gas to the discharge space.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 111.01
for means for supplying fluent material to a discharge device
where the fluent material may be ionized to produce ions.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 230 for
ion generators generally operated in the ambient atmosphere.
Subclass:
424
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
comprising processes for removing from or adding to a neutral
atom or molecule one or more electrons.
Subclass:
425
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
having means to change the state of the material to be
ionized from a solid to a vapor.
(1) Note. The vaporizing means may be the ionizing means.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
wherein the means to remove or add electrons comprises an
electrical space discharge between at least two electrodes
caused by an electrical potential difference between the
electrodes in excess of the breakdown voltage of the space
between them.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter
wherein the means to remove or add electrons comprises means
to project electrons toward the materials to be ionized.
Subclass:
428
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having or comprising means to at least,
partially enclose or restrain a gaseous, fluid or fluid-like
material or means to allow or cause movement to, from or
through such means, or means to move such means and, thus,
the material.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter of this subclass
includes vessels or conduits, flat surfaces either to support
the material against gravity or which utilize natural
flow-inducing phenomena that contain radiating fluent
material or such material that is to be irradiated.
Subclass:
429
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
having means to vary or maintain constant the temperature of
the fluent material.
Subclass:
430
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
having a valve or pump to admit fluent material to or away
from the containment, support or transfer means and power
operated means to open or close the valve or turn off or on
the pump.
(1) Note. The valve actuator may be, for example, a bias
spring responsive to fluid pressure to open or close the
valve or it may be a manual actuator powered by hand, other
than merely a handle integral with a valve stem.
Subclass:
431
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
having means therewith for removing the fluent material or
other material from the surfaces or the interior of the
containment, support or transfer means.
Subclass:
432
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter
combined with means subjecting the fluent material to
radiation, or with a fluent material that is, itself, an
emitter of radiation.
Subclass:
433
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter
having a transfer means comprising a movable means having a
surface for supporting fluent material.
Subclass:
434
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter
having a transfer means comprising means to permit the force
of gravity to move the fluent material.
(1) Note. The means of this subclass includes guides or
walls down which the fluent material may fall.
Subclass:
435
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter
having a transfer means comprising a fluent material
enclosing means having means to permit spatially separate
ingress and egress of the fluent material.
Subclass:
436
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Subject matter
wherein the transfer means causes the fluent material to flow
about the radiation source.
Subclass:
437
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Subject matter
wherein the material enclosing means provides a circuitous
passageway for the fluent material that bends, twists or
curves.
(1) Note. The transfer means of this subclass provides a
roundabout path for the flow of fluent material generally for
the purpose of increasing exposure to radiation or to
increase the surface area or volume of material irradiated.
The path may, for example, be sinuous, serpentine, spiral or
helical.
Subclass:
438
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Subject matter
wherein the fluent material enclosing means has an
obstructing means that changes the direction, velocity or
some other characteristic of the flow of the fluent
material.
Subclass:
440.11
Analyte supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
comprising structure for positioning or holding against
gravity a material to be examined by particle irradiation.
Subclass:
441.11
With air lock or evacuation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440.1. Subject
matter within a sellable space having an entrance opening
with separately operable internal and external doors, or
having means to lower the pressure within the space.
Subclass:
442.11
With object moving or positioning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440.1. Subject
matter having means to change the location or position of
material or an article to be examined or treated.
Subclass:
443.1
With heat transfer or temperature-indication means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 440.1. Subject
matter wherein means are provided for conducting heat to or
away from the object, or means for displaying information
about the temperature of the object.
Subclass:
453.11
SUPPORTED FOR NONSIGNALLING OBJECTS OF IRRADIATION (E.G.,
WITH CONVEYOR MEANS):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein means are provided to sustain against
gravity an article animate or inanimate, to be irradiated by
radiant energy solely for the purpose of being treated or
inspected.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass and the subclass
indented hereunder are those articles which are detectors by
virtue of their indication of incident radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 for electric signalling means, per se, which may be
combined with supports for nonsignalling objects.
458.1 for sources and supported irradiated nonelectric
signalling means.
472.1 for nonelectric signalling means, per se, which may
have support means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 64 for X-ray
devices of this type.
Subclass:
454.11
With source support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.1. Subject
matter in combination with a means to sustain against gravity
the radiant energy producing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 193 for X-ray
source supports.
Subclass:
455.11
Source and object encasement (e.g., sterilizers):
This subclass is indented under subclass 454.1. Subject
matter comprising receptacle means enclosing a source and an
object support so that the object will be subjected to the
radiant energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
496.1 for receptacles, per se, containing radioactive
sources.
Subclass:
458.1
LUMINOPHOR IRRADIATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes a source of radiant energy and
a phosphor material which luminesces or which quenches
luminescence as a result of excitation of the material by the
radiant energy.
(1) Note. Combinations involving luminophor irradiation and
detection of the visible luminescence are placed here and
cross-referenced to the appropriate, photocell subclass in
Class 250, subclasses 200+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 542 for indicia
forming a display device including a fluorescent substance to
cause illumination of the indicia.
348, Television, 805 for cathode-ray tube plus a fluorescent
screen.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 213 for the examination
of light from a luminous source.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 44 for X-ray
fluorescence devices.
Subclass:
459.1
Methods:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458.1. Subject
matter which includes methods which include the irradiation
of a phosphor material by a radiant energy source where not
elsewhere provided.
Subclass:
461.1
With ultraviolet source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458.1. Subject
matter which include the phosphor material in combination
with an ultraviolet radiation source.
Subclass:
461.2
Biological cell identification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 461.1. Subject
matter including irradiation of a biological material for the
purpose of identifying its type, composition or other
characteristic, (e.g., cancerous).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 45 for X-ray
fluorescence composition analysis.
Subclass:
462.1
Self-luminous article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458.1. Subject
matter which includes self-luminous articles or self-luminous
attachments therefor where not provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. The radiant energy source may be integral with
the article or separate from the article as long as the
source and article are both mounted on a common support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 542 for signs using
luminous paint.
Subclass:
463.1
Dials, pointers, gauges, and bands:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462.1. Subject
matter wherein the article is a gauge, timepiece, pointer,
dial, or portions thereof or attachments therefor where not
elsewhere classified.
Subclass:
464.1
Pendants:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462.1. Subject
matter wherein the article is adapted to be supported from
above and the luminous material is part of, supported within
or on the article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 442 for flexible means
to suspend knobs.
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 115 for chord and rope
holders.
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, 78 for chains,
chain links, swivels and attachments.
Subclass:
465.1
Manual operators or luminous attachments therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462.1. Subject
matter wherein the luminous article is a device which is
directly operated by hand or a luminous attachment for a
manual operator not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
466.1
Covers, keys, or luminous attachments therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462.1. Subject
matter wherein the article is a static or movable closure
member or a luminous attachment for a closure member which
has an opening to permit movement of the movable member
therein or therethrough or a key or a luminous attachment for
a key where not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
70, Locks, 343 for keys, per se, subclass 452 for
escutcheons; and subclass 455 for key hole covers,
generally.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 66 for
electrical box covers.
220, Receptacles, 242 for face plates for enclosures of
general utility.
439, Electrical Connectors, subclass 123 for the combination
of a switch and a supporting means with a closure member.
Subclass:
467.1
Reticles, gun sights or with optical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462.1. Subject
matter wherein the articles include an integral optical
device to direct the light rays emitted by the luminous
article, a luminous optical device with markings which
fluoresce or which markings are illuminated by the luminous
light of the article, or luminous visual sight devices not
provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
472.1
INVISIBLE RADIATION RESPONSIVE NONELECTRIC SIGNALLING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means responsive to invisible
radiation whose response is something other than an increase
or decrease in electric potential difference or current flow
between some two electrically accessible points and which
response is used to indicate the presence, type or amount of
incident radiation and methods utilizing such means.
(1) Note. This is the residual locus for invisible radiant
energy signalling (i.e., detecting) means. For such means
producing electric signals, see the search notes below.
(2) Note. The subject matter of this subclass and the
subclasses indented hereunder, even though they produce no
electric signal, may be electrically energized.
(3) Note. The radiation incident upon the means may cause a
physical, structural or chemical change or a change in the
energy content of the electrons of atoms making up the
means.
(4) Note. The response of the means of this subclass may be
inherently visible or it may be latent, i.e., require
development to make it visible.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for visible radiant energy responsive electric
signalling devices (photocells) circuits and apparatus, not
combined with means to convert invisible to visible radiant
energy.
316.1 and 327.2, for various recording type nonelectric
signalling means in combination with sources.
330 for nonelectric signalling means used to convert
infrared images into visible images.
336.1 for electric signalling invisible radiation responsive
devices, especially subclasses 337 and 361+ for luminophors
in combination with electric signal producing photocells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 167 and 189+ for
X-ray responsive nonelectric signalling with detector
support.
Subclass:
473.1
Methods:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472.1. Subject
matter which includes processes for producing a nonelectric
signal in response to invisible radiation.
Subclass:
474.1
Optical change type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472.1. Subject
matter which includes detectors which, upon receiving
radiation, changes its optical properties.
(1) Note. The optical properties are transmission,
reflection, refraction, diffraction, and color.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327.2 for methods and apparatus which includes a radiation
generator and a detector for recording radiation incident
upon the detectors.
375 for methods of exposing a detector of this subclass to
invisible radiant energy where only the intensity of this
incident radiation is desired.
505.1 for invisible radiation controlling means, per se,
other than those responsive to infrared, visible light, X-ray
and ultraviolet light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 157.15 for
methods of irradiating materials by radiant energy to change
an optical characteristic of the material.
252, Compositions, subclass 408 for radiation detectors and
methods of making the detectors which change an optical
property upon being subjected to radiation where the detector
is no more than a composition.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
240 for optical devices which change an optical property in
response to radiation.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 189 for
X-ray responsive, nonphotos:graphic detector supports.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, particularly subclass 13 for
phototropic glass compositions.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, in particularly
Class 522, for methods of irradiating a synthetic resin or
natural rubber material to change an optical characteristic
of the material and to the material produced.
Subclass:
475.2
Photos:graphic type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472.1. Subject
matter wherein the detector comprises a photos:graphic type
material, (e.g., in a film or plate), in a light proof
housing, (e.g., cassettes or film packs), having at least a
portion previous to invisible radiation.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are cassettes and
packs, per se, for invisible radiation responsive
photos:graphic type detectors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 167 for X-ray
responsive photos:graphic detector supports.
Subclass:
482.1
With radiation filter, modifier, or shield, (e.g., dosimeter
badges):
This subclass is indented under subclass 475.2. Subject
matter which includes radiation filter means cooperating with
the contained film or pack to moderate, shield or filter some
or all of the radiation before the radiation exposes the
film.
(1) Note. Filters can modify visible light where a
luminescent screen is included as part of a film pack or with
a cassette or holder.
(2) Note. Herein are dosimeters, including the badge type,
wherein the intensity or frequency of radiation is modified
before being incident upon photos:graphic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
505.1 for a radiation controlling means, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 70 for X-ray
reflection or diffraction devices which includes X-ray
radiation filters or modifiers and a photos:graphic
detector.
Subclass:
483.1
Luminescent device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472.1. Subject
matter which includes a significant structure which includes
material which emits luminous energy when excited by particle
or electromagnetic wave energy where not elsewhere
classified.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 188.3 for chemical luminescence
compositions; and subclasses 301.16+ for fluorescent and
phosphorescent compositions.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 483 for
electroluminescent devices.
362, Illumination, subclass 84 for decorative
electroluminescent panels.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 44 for X-ray
fluorescence analysis; and subclasses 190+ for fluoroscopes.
427, Coating Processes, 157 for coating processes in general
wherein a florescent or phosphorescent coating is used and
where no radiant properties or multilayered luminescent
coating are claimed.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet which may have
luminescent properties, and especially subclass 917 (a
cross-reference art collection) for products which are
electroluminescent.
Subclass:
484.2
Requiring an additional energy source to cause luminescence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483.1. Subject
matter wherein the material which emits luminous energy
requires another energy source to raise the energy level of
the material to luminescence.
Subclass:
484.3
With thermally stimulated phosphor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484.2. Subject
matter wherein the additional energy source is a source of
heat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for systems that thermally excite to luminescence a
material wherein the luminescence detector produces an
electrical signal.
Subclass:
484.4
With optically stimulated phosphor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484.2. Subject
matter wherein the additional energy source is a source of
light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
582 for systems that use stimulable phosphors to record
radiation, especially for recording the transmission of
radiation through an object.
591 for systems that use other optically-stimulated
materials to record radiation.
Subclass:
484.5
Dosimeter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 484.4. Subject
matter wherein the material upon stimulation emits luminous
energy in proportion to the previous accumulation of particle
or electromagnetic energy therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for systems that thermally excite a material to
luminescence in proportion to the excitation by particle or
electromagnetic energy and the luminescence detector produces
an electric signal.
Subclass:
485.1
With light excluding casing having an aperture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483.1. Subject
matter wherein the structure includes a casing to enclose the
material or has the (luminescent) material formed as a
portion of the casing whereby visible light is excluded
within the casing and an opening in the casing to permit the
detection of luminous energy emitted by the material.
Subclass:
486.1
With plural luminescent material or plural luminescent
containing layers or areas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483.1. Subject
matter wherein the structure includes plural luminescent
materials, several luminescent layers or distinct areas or
volumes of the same structure which contains the same or
different luminescent materials.
Subclass:
487.1
With optical member of material to directly modify luminous
energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483.1. Subject
matter wherein the structure additionally includes a material
or a member having an optical property to control or modify
the luminous energy emitted by the luminous material.
Subclass:
488.1
Plural planar layer type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487.1. Subject
matter wherein the structure is an integral unit formed of
plural, flat, sheetlike materials, one of the sheets
containing luminescent material.
(1) Note. A coating is considered a layer for this
subclass.
Subclass:
489
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a claimed apparatus is disclosed as
functioning primarily for accumulating ions, usually for
obtaining isotopes of increased purity, rather than for
obtaining information of analytical value.
Subclass:
491.1
MEANS TO ALIGN OR POSITION AN OBJECT RELATIVE TO A SOURCE OR
DETECTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein means are provided to relatively
immobilize the object in at least one direction or to provide
an indication of the location of the object relative to the
source or detector or their support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 20, 68+,
177+, 195+, and 205+ for X-ray devices with object alignment
or positioning means.
Subclass:
492.1
IRRADIATION OF OBJECTS OR MATERIAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means or methods of irradiation an
object or material including a source and not provided for in
any of the preceding subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for irradiation processes wherein the
intent is to produce thermal changes in a material.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements 100 and 156+ for subject matter wherein irradiation
produces, or is intended to produce an induced nuclear
reaction.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 473 for gettering of a semiconductor substrate
via irradiation, subclasses 514+ for ion implantation of
electrically active dopants into semiconductive regions, and
subclasses 795+ for thermal treatment of a semiconductor
substrate via irradiation to modify some property thereof.
606, Surgery, subclass 2.5 for subject matter relating to
removal of a calculus (e.g., stone) from the body wherein the
calculus is fractured or disintegrated by use of light
energy.
Subclass:
492.2
Irradiation of semiconductor devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.1. Subject
matter wherein the object irradiated is made of, at least in
part, a semiconductor material.
Subclass:
492.21
Ion bombardment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.2. Subject
matter comprising a means for irradiating a semiconductive
object or material with at least one ion beam.
(1) Note. This subclass provides, for example, for ion
implantation, etching, and scanning or deflection of ions on
said object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for deflection or focussing of charged particles onto an
object.
423 for ion sources.
492.1 for irradiation with ultraviolet or infrared sources.
492.2 for irradiation directly by electrons including
photoemissive electrons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 34 for
X-ray lithography.
Subclass:
492.22
Pattern control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.2. Subject
matter having means (e.g., template, program) representing
information necessary to variably expose the semiconductor
object or material and means or steps responsive to the
representing means to irradiate or re-irradiate the object or
material accordingly.
(1) Note. Systems or methods of this subclass type may
include memory means, deflection coils, feedback loops,
computer processing means, and object movement means.
(2) Note. Patterns of this subclass type may, for example,
reduce the "proximity effect" on the semiconductor object or
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for deflecting or focussing charged particles onto the
object.
491.1 for alignment of the irradiating beam and target.
Subclass:
492.23
Variable beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.2. Subject
matter including the use of a variable beam of charged
particles which may be used to project a pattern onto an
object.
(1) Note. The variable beam of this subclass type may be
formed, for example, by at least two different operative
means, one being projected onto another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492.22 for pattern control.
Subclass:
492.24
Photocathode projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.2. Subject
matter including using electrons emitted from photoemissive
electrode irradiated by another source of electromagnetic
radiation such as ultraviolet light.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass may include, for
example, mask and deflection coils between the photocathode
and object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492.1 for irradiation of such devices with ultraviolet and
infrared radiation.
492.2 for irradiation of semiconductor devices by electrons
other than from a photocathode.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 34 for
X-ray lithography.
Subclass:
492.3
Ion or electron beam irradiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492.1. Subject
matter wherein the object or material is irradiated by a
stream of charged particles.
Subclass:
493.1
RADIANT ENERGY GENERATION AND SOURCES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes radiation emitters of this
class type and not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for infrared heaters of the resistance
arc, laser and electron bombardment type.
252, Compositions, 625 radioactive; and subclasses 301.16+
for fluorescent or phosphorescent compositions, per se.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, for generators, per
se, of invisible radiation produced by electrical discharge
devices, gas and vacuum tubes and incandescent lamps.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, for
sources of the Class 313 type plus the electric circuit to
energize the device.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, for nuclear reactors and reactions.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 119 for X-ray or
gamma ray sources.
Subclass:
494.1
Plural radiation sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493.1. Subject
matter which includes two or more radiation sources.
(1) Note. The plural sources may act concurrently,
alternately or separately.
(2) Note. Generally the claimed apparatus does not include
a circuit or power supply to power the radiation sources;
however, the circuit and power supply may be claimed where no
other class will take the arrangement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, subclass 1 for
electric lamps or discharge devices structurally combined to
form a unitary device.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
35 for the combination of plural discharge devices loads
having a circuit element; and subclasses 46 and 49 for a
filament, electric heater or resistance in shunt or series
with an electrical discharge load.
Subclass:
495.1
Including an infrared source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 494.1. Subject
matter wherein at least one of the radiation sources emits
radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
Subclass:
496.1
With container for radioactive source and radiation directing
or selectable shielding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493.1. Subject
matter comprising an enclosure including radioactive
shielding material forming shielded positions, a passageway
having an unshielded position formed at least in part within
and extended from the interior to the periphery of the
enclosure and a radioactive source within the container
cooperable with the passageway so that the passageway directs
the radiation of the source or forms a pathway for the
radioactive source.
Subclass:
497.1
With means to move source between shielded and unshielded
position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496.1. Subject
matter which further includes means to move the radioactive
source within the passageway between a shielded and the
unshielded position.
Subclass:
498.1
With pivoted or rotatable radiation shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496.1. Subject
matter which includes a pivoted or rotatable radiation shield
within the container or housing which cooperates with the
passageway and the radioactive source to selectively permit
in one position the radiation from the source to escape from
the container or housing and in other positions to prevent
the escape of radiation from the container or housing.
Subclass:
503.1
With radiation modifying member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 493.1. Subject
matter which includes in addition to a radiation source,
means to alter a radiation beams as to its cross section,
intensity, direction or spectral or energy content.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray System or Devices, 145 for X-ray
beam control devices.
Subclass:
504
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein the source emits radiation in the ultraviolet or
infrared portion of the spectrum.
Subclass:
505.1
RADIATION CONTROLLING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means to modify, contain or
eliminate at least some of the emanations or (or caused by,
in the case of secondary emissions) a source of invisible
radiation.
(1) Note. Radiation includes secondary radiation along with
primary radiation which causes the secondary radiation.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are reflective elements
and systems.
(3) Note. The devices in this group include apparatus
(relying on optical principles) to (1) change or select the
direction or shape of all or part of the radiation, (2)
change or select the intensity or amount of the radiation,
(3) to select certain of the frequencies of the radiation,
(4) contain all of the radiation from passing beyond the
devices (5) passing the devices in a given time, (6) change
the intensity in a cyclic manner in a given amount of time or
(7) to eliminate or reduce certain frequencies from the
radiation on a directional basis.
(4) Note. This group of subclasses include the combination
of a device of this group and an indicator which, for
example, shows the shape or size of an aperture, created by
adjustment, the pattern cast on a plane transverse to
radiation passing through an aperture or a collimator or the
distance between the shutter members forming an aperture.
(5) Note. The optical principles relied upon by these
devices to control radiation include transmission,
reflection, refraction, diffraction and absorption.
(6) Note. Included in this subclass are diaphragms and
cones which are not adjustable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 145 for X-ray
beam control devices.
Subclass:
506.1
Shielded receptacles for radioactive sources:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505.1. Subject
matter wherein the means comprises a container impervious to
invisible radiation to hold or enclose a radioactive source
of such radiation.
(1) Note. The receptacles of this subclass type usually
have an opening to permit placement therein or removal
therefrom of a radioactive source and a removable closure to
cover the opening. They may also have means to cool the
receptacle and means to insert the source into the
receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for contained static or flowing fluent material and
electrical detectors of invisible radiation.
428 for containers of fluent materials.
453.1 with object containers which are designed to permit
the irradiation of the materials or objects by particle or
electromagnetic wave energy provided for in this class.
496.1 for shielded vessels with radioactive sources for
transporting the sources or permitting the use of the
radioactive or nuclear source in a controlled manner.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
215, Bottles and Jars, 1 for ceramic or glass receptacles
and removable closures for the receptacles where not
elsewhere classified.
220, Receptacles, for a container; and 200 for a removable
closure.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 1 for containers having
doors and shelves generally.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 409 for layered, canned or jacketed fuel
components.
Subclass:
507.1
Having plural storage compartments or plural nested
receptacles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506.1. Subject
matter wherein the container includes structure to form
plural compartments to store plural radioactive sources or
another container within the container to hold a radioactive
or nuclear source.
Subclass:
515.1
Shields:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505.1. Subject
matter comprising means to absorb radiant energy not
elsewhere provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 582 for optical filter compositions which
include compositions for filtering ray energy.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
350 for infrared or ultraviolet apparatus; and subclasses
885+ for optical filters.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, appropriate subclasses for shield structures used
as components of a nuclear reactor.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 9.4
for X-ray contrast compositions used in in vivo diagnosis or
testing and subclasses 59+ for body treating compositions for
topical sun or radiation screening.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 160 for coating processes
wherein the coating has shielding properties.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet which may have the
property of shielding against radiant energy and especially
432 and 457+ for a nonstructural composite web or sheet
including a layer of metal.
Subclass:
516.1
Garments:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515.1. Subject
matter comprising articles of wearing apparel to protect the
wearer against harmful electromagnetic or nuclear radiation.
(1) Note. An article of clothing claimed as more than a
composition of radiation shielding material is classified
here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, especially subclass 48 for aprons, subclasses
158+ for mittens and gloves; and subclasses 243+ for methods
of making various articles of clothing.
252, Compositions, subclass 478 for X-ray and neutron
radiation shielding compositions.
Subclass:
517.1
Construction elements or building parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517.1. Subject
matter wherein the means includes components used in the
construction of walls and buildings and portions of buildings
or walls which include material to shield against harmful
electromagnetic or nuclear energy.
(1) Note. Included are blocks, wall panels and windows
which contain radiation shielding materials.
Subclass:
518.1
With neutron absorption material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 515.1. Subject
matter wherein the means includes devices containing neutron
absorption material.
(1) Note. A composition of neutron absorption material made
into a structural element shall be classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 478 for compositions used as
neutron shielding material.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 219 for nuclear reactors having moderator
structure including neutron moderators.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet which may have the
function of absorbing neutrons.
523, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for organic
compounds used as neutron shielding equipment, particularly
136 for resins with filler, dyes or pigments.
554, Organic Compounds, subclass 77 for esters containing
boron type acids.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, for certain
compositions containing hydrocarbons, and especially subclass
944 for a collection of patents which disclose
radiation-resistant compositions.
Subclass:
519.1
Flexible:
Subject matter under 515.1 wherein the controlling means is
constructed of a pliable material or so constructed that it
is easily deformed or bent.
Subclass:
522.1
SOURCE SUPPORTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising structure to hold a radiation
source not provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. Housing for radiation sources of this class type
not claiming a radiation shield or an aperture or other
radiation controlling element are considered support
structure and are included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506.1 for shielded radioactive source receptacles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 193 for X-ray
source supports.
Subclass:
526
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which is not provided for in any of the
preceding subclasses of this class.
Subclass:
548
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the photocell detects a material having a
cross-sectional dimension which is small compared to length
and produces an electrical output which through additional
structure controls the position, size or speed of the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
559.01 for a web, strand, strip or sheet in the optical path
including circuitry for analyzing the photocell output.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 364 for the examination
of materials using polarized light; subclass 371 for flatness
tests; subclasses 372+ for the measurement of dimensions;
subclass 399 for determining lateral alignment; subclasses
402+ for shade or color tests; subclasses 432+ for
determining light transmission or absorption of materials;
subclasses 445+ for measuring the reflectivity of materials;
and subclasses 237.1+ for the inspection for flaws or
imperfections.
Subclass:
549
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter
wherein the illumination which falls on the photocell comes
from a light source which comprises a cathode-ray tube and
said photocell electrically controls the cathode-ray tube.
(1) Note. See (4) Note under the definition of subclass 200
for a general distinction between subject matter of this
class (250) and Class 315 and Class 348.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 for optical systems wherein the photocell follows the
edge of a pattern under control of the illumination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 10 for
photocell circuits in which the photocell controls a
cathode-ray tube but does not include the combination of
mechanical devices, optical devices or specific input sources
of information. Examples of cathode-ray tube control of this
class (315) include means to control the intensity of the
tube, means to automatically control the contrast of said
tube under quiescent conditions or means to generate a scale
or grid on the face of said tube.
340, Communication: Electrical, including a cathode-ray tube
in combination with an input circuit for processing a signal
for the purpose of communication. Note appropriate
subclasses, specifically subclass 146.3 and 343.
348, Television, 602 for control of brightness or contrast
of display on a cathode-ray tube dependent on ambient light
sensed by photocells.
Subclass:
550
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the photocell detects an interference pattern and
produces an electrical output.
(1) Note. The interference pattern may be produced as a
result of moire interference between similar patterns, a
diffraction pattern of a grating, wire or hole or produced by
holograms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 395 for the
superimposition of grids to measure or compare dimensions or
configurations.
Subclass:
551
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
including a light source and an optical link which couples
the light source and photocell and wherein an electrical
input signal applied to the light source is optically coupled
to a detector which provides an electrical output signal
having the characteristics of the input signal.
(1) Note. In general the isolator of this subclass is
intended as an electric circuit element to insulate the
output from the input and/or provide common mode rejection at
the input.
Subclass:
552
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
having a photocell means which detects a light emitting
source wherein the source is composed of a semiconductor
material.
(1) Note. In order to be classified in this subclass, the
solid state light source must be recited other than by name
only.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for a photocell which is composed of a semiconductor
material and which controls an electrical or
electromechanical system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclasses 80-85 for semiconductor
light emitting sources combined with semiconductor light
responsive devices.
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 514 for nonlinear solid-state circuit
or system which depends upon an external light source.
331, Oscillators, 43 for oscillators of the molecular or
particle resonant type; e.g., maser type. The combination
may include a photocell.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 for light wave communication and subclasses 333+ for
means for applying an electric signal to an amplifying device
which is an optical laser and means for securing an amplified
output therefrom where the combination may include a
photocell.
362, Illumination, subclass 276 and 277+ for illuminating
means having a movable screen which is automatically
controlled by a photocell wherein said illumination means may
be solid statelight emitting source.
372, Coherent Light Generators, appropriate subclasses for
laser type oscillators.
Subclass:
553
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
having a plurality of solid state light sources arranged in a
particular group, order or formation.
Subclass:
554
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
having a photocell means which detects a light source wherein
the light from the source is generated by means of a material
being consumed.
(1) Note. The combination does not involve the testing of
materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.1 for devices in which a photocell means detects
invisible radiant energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 74 for the examination
of or testing of a substance by means of light. Included
here are spectroscopes.
Subclass:
555
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
with data bearing means containing information in symbolic
form where the symbols are arbitrarily given certain
meanings, and means for illuminating said data bearing means
prior to the photoelectric cell, or methods of using such
means.
(1) Note. The coded record may be illuminated by a light
source or it may be the source of illumination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for invisible radiation responsive code readers.
566 for optical or pre-photocell-systems wherein the
photocell does not control an electrical or electromechanical
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 454 for coded record sensing devices
utilizing light to sense the coded indicia on the record and
including particular circuitry to process the electrical
signals generated by the sensing process. The term
processing of signals includes: (1) generation and
utilization of timing signals and sync signals, (2) the
storage of signals, and (3) the incorporation of means for
counting.
Subclass:
556
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Subject matter
wherein the document, which is a sheet-like article, is
analyzed or tested for its authenticity by means of a
photocell system; or comprising a record reader wherein the
coded information is represented by a graph or plot on the
record.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 146.2, for devices
having means for comparing items or intelligence with each
other and for indicating a result in accordance with the
comparison.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 71 for
analysis of document by comparison which includes a support
for the document to be tested.
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclass for pattern or
character recognition systems, see Class 382 II B (1) Note.
Subclass:
557
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Subject matter
having means for adjusting, centering, aligning, arranging or
sorting the record; or means to detect the presence of the
record, per se.
Subclass:
558
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
including one or more photocells responsive to
stereoscopically related images.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
550 for photocell apparatus responsive to the interference
patterns which ultimately may be employed to examine
contours.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 2 for
stereoplotters wherein an actual plot of contours is provided
from a stereo-pair.
Subclass:
559.01
With circuit for evaluating a web, strand, strip, or sheet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein a photocell is responsive to light from a material
having a cross-sectional dimension which is small compared to
length, and through additional structure (i.e., a circuit)
produces an electrical or mechanical output indicative of
some characteristic of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
548 for similar subject matter wherein the output is
employed to control the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 237.1 for the
inspection for flaws or imperfections, subclasses 364+ for
the examination of materials using polarized light,
subclasses 371+ for flatness tests, subclasses 372+ for
measurement of dimensions, subclasses 399+ for determining
lateral alignment, subclasses 402+ for shade or color tests,
subclasses 429+ for monitoring of moving webs or thread,
subclasses 432+ for determining light transmission or
absorption of materials, and subclasses 445+ for measuring
the reflectivity of materials.
Subclass:
559.02
Evaluation of photos:graphic film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein a circuit produces an output indicative of
some characteristic of a photos:graphic film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 443 for measuring and
testing of photos:graphic film with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.03
Sequential detector arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein photocells are arranged to perform plural
independent successive detections of the same portion of the
material and wherein the detections are subsequently jointly
evaluated to determine some characteristic of the material.
Subclass:
559.04
Evaluation by regions, zones, or pixels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein discrete sections of the material are detected
and evaluated independently.
Subclass:
559.05
With imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.04. Subject
matter wherein an optical image is formed by combining
individual photocell detections or pixel signals into a
single image.
Subclass:
559.06
With scanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.04. Subject
matter wherein the material moves relative to the photocell
field of view during the measurement process.
Subclass:
559.07
With imaging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein photocells detect an optical image of the
material and a circuit produces a resulting signal used to
determine some characteristic of the material.
Subclass:
559.08
With camera:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.07. Subject
matter wherein the optical image is detected by a
photodetector array.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
348, Television, subclass 88 for television including
structure dictated by use.
Subclass:
559.09
With polarization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter having polarizing means in the optical path between a
light source and the photocell.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for polarizing means in a photocell circuit with an
optical or pre-photocell system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 364 for polarized light
examination.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
483 for polarizers, per se.
Subclass:
559.1
With calibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein the process of quantifying a property or
attribute of the material includes establishing a reference
level or scale.
(1) Note. References are established by normalizing the
measurement of interest with a reference measurement (e.g.,
from a reference wavelength) or by measuring the response of
the system under known conditions (e.g. first measuring fixed
samples).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252.1 for calibration or standardization in general.
Subclass:
559.11
Detection of both reflected and transmitted light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein photocells are arranged to receive light which
has been reflected by the material and light which has been
transmitted through the material.
Subclass:
559.12
Beam interruption or shadow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein some characteristic of an opaque material is
determined by measuring the proportion of the amount of light
detected by a photocell (when the opaque material is placed
in the light path between the photocell and a light source)
to the amount of light detected by the photocell from the
source in the complete absence of the opaque material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 386 for measuring a
moving object by light interruption.
Subclass:
559.13
With laser source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.12. Subject
matter wherein the photocell receives light from a coherent
light source.
Subclass:
559.14
With rotation of material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.12. Subject
matter wherein a characteristic of the material is determined
by making a series of measurements while the material is
rotating.
Subclass:
559.15
With plural detectors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.12. Subject
matter having more than one independent photocell to detect
light from the source.
Subclass:
559.16
Detection of diffuse light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein detection means are arranged to receive
non-specularly reflected light from the material (i.e., the
angle of the light reflected from the material is not equal
to the angle of the light incident to the material).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 446 for
optical measuring with diffusion of reflected light.
Subclass:
559.17
With diffusion optics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.16. Subject
matter having light scattering optics in the optical path
between a light source and the photocell.
Subclass:
559.18
With discrimination of discrete light diffusing region:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.16. Subject
matter wherein photocells are arranged to detect light
reflected from the material such that the presence of a
discrete light diffusing region is determined by a change in
the reflected light intensity.
Subclass:
559.19
Measuring dimensions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter including a circuit responsive to a photocell, and
wherein the photocell is arranged relative to the material so
that the circuit provides an output indicative of some
dimension of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 372 for measuring
dimensions of a material with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.2
With comparison to reference or standard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein evaluation of the material includes comparing
the circuit output to a reference or stored value.
Subclass:
559.21
Volume:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of the
three-dimensional displacement of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 379 for measuring of
volume of a material with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.22
Profile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of a surface
contour of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 376 for
measuring of contour or profile of material with an optical
system.
Subclass:
559.23
With triangulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.22. Subject
matter wherein the profile is determined using optical
triangulation.
Subclass:
559.24
Transversal measurement (e.g., width, diameter,
cross-sectional area):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of some
cross- sectional dimension of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 384 for measuring of
width or diameter of material with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.25
Lumber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.24. Subject
matter wherein the material being evaluated is lumber.
Subclass:
559.26
Longitudinal measurement (e.g., length or spacing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of a linear
dimension of the material or feature which lies parallel to
the length of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 383 for
measuring of length of a material with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.27
Thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of the
distance from the upper surface of the material to the lower
surface of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 381 for
measuring of thickness of a material with an optical system.
Subclass:
559.28
With translucent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.27. Subject
matter wherein photocells are arranged to detect light which
has passed through the material from a source on the opposite
side of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 382 for
measuring of thickness of light permeable material with an
optical system.
Subclass:
559.29
Measuring position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter including a circuit responsive to a photocell, and
wherein the photocell is arranged relative to the material so
that the circuit provides an output indicative of the
location of the material relative to some reference frame.
Subclass:
559.3
With alignment detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.29. Subject
matter wherein the position detected is indicative of the
alignment of two or more objects.
Subclass:
559.31
With triangulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.29. Subject
matter wherein the position is determined using optical
triangulation.
Subclass:
559.32
Measuring rate of motion or flow (change of position):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.29. Subject
matter wherein the time rate of change of the position of the
material is determined by repeatedly measuring the position
of the material at discrete time intervals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 28 and 28.5
for velocity determining optical systems.
Subclass:
559.33
With robotics:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.29. Subject
matter wherein photocells are arranged on a mechanically
movable apparatus which moves the photocells into position to
make measurements of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
901, Robots, subclass 47 for robots with optical sensing
devices.
Subclass:
559.34
Lead or wire bond inspection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the location and integrity integrated circuit
connections are evaluated.
Subclass:
559.35
Centroid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of the
position of the center of gravity or center of mass of the
material.
Subclass:
559.36
Edge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein a process of determining position includes an
intermediate step of detecting the location of an edge or
edges of the material.
Subclass:
559.37
Angular orientation (e.g., skew):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output is indicative of an angle
of the material relative to the reference frame.
Subclass:
559.38
Determining range from detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.19. Subject
matter wherein the reference frame used to express the
position of the material is centered at the photocell or
optical system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 4 for range
finding optical systems with a photocell.
Subclass:
559.39
With comparison to reference or standard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter wherein evaluation of the material includes comparing
the circuit output to a reference or stored value.
Subclass:
559.4
With indication of presence of material or feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.01. Subject
matter including a circuit responsive to a photocell, and
wherein the photocell is arranged relative to the material so
that the circuit provides an output indicating the presence
or absence of the material or some indicia on the material in
some predefined location.
Subclass:
559.41
With foreign particle discrimination circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.4. Subject
matter wherein the circuit provides the capability to
identify the presence of a foreign substance on or embedded
in the material from variations in a detected light signal.
Subclass:
559.42
Discontinuity detection (e.g., hole, crack):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.4. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output indicates the presence or
absence of a discontinuity in the material.
Subclass:
559.43
Break detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.4. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output indicates the complete
separation of one portion of the material from another
portion of the material (e.g., a strand break).
Subclass:
559.44
Identifying marking, pattern, or indicia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.4. Subject
matter wherein the circuit output indicates the presence or
absence of a marking, pattern, or indicia on the surface of
the material.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include subject matter
which identifies or decodes markings, patterns, or indicia.
Subclass:
559.45
With defect discrimination circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.4. Subject
matter wherein the circuit provides the capability to
identify the presence of a flaw in the material from
variations in a detected light signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 509 for
sorting of items by identifying features.
Subclass:
559.46
With camera or plural detectors:
Subject matter under 559.45 wherein the detection means
comprises plural detectors or a detection array camera.
Subclass:
559.47
With counting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.45. Subject
matter having means to count the number of defects or numbers
of types of defects which are detected over a period of
time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 53 for counter
systems with photoelectric detectors.
Subclass:
559.48
With transversal scan:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.45. Subject
matter wherein the field of view of the photocell is scanned
transversally across sections of the material.
Subclass:
559.49
With moving reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.48. Subject
matter wherein the transversal scan is accomplished by a
moving reflector means having one or more reflective
surfaces.
Subclass:
564
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter
including a circuit responsive to a photocell having fluent
material in its optical path, wherein the circuit provides an
output indicative of the density, scattering properties,
index of refraction or the like, of the fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
573 for fluent material in the optical path of a
prephotocell system.
Subclass:
565
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Subject matter
including a circuit or circuits for evaluating the relative
output of two photocells, a photocell and a stored value or
the photocell output sequentially as from a sample and
standard.
Subclass:
566
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
comprising data bearing means containing information in
symbolic form where the symbols are arbitrarily given certain
meanings and means for illuminating said data bearing means
prior to the photoelectric cell; or methods of using such
means.
(1) Note. The coded record may be illuminated by a light
source or it may be the source of illumination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for invisible radiation responsive code readers.
555 in which the photocell controls an electrical or
electromechanical system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 454 for coded record sensing devices
utilizing light to sense the coded indicia on the record and
including particular circuitry to process the electrical
signals generated by the sensing process. The term
processing of signals includes: (1) generation and
utilization of timing signals and sync signals, (2) the
storage of signals and (3) the incorporation of means for
counting.
Subclass:
568
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Subject matter
where the date consist of discrete identical indicia and is
represented by the relative positional locations of the
indicia on the record.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communication: Electrical, subclass 146.2 for means
for comparing signals or information in digital form to
determine which is the greater, the lesser, or whether they
are numerically equal.
Subclass:
569
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter
wherein the record is a flat rectangular sheet.
Subclass:
570
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter
wherein the record is in the shape of a narrow strip of
flexible material a cylinder, or a flat circular form.
Subclass:
573
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
having fluent material in the optical path.
(1) Note. The fluent material may, e.g., be a fluid,
particulate matter suspended in a fluid, smoke, powder or
sabulous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 53.01 for a liquid analyzer
having radiant energy detection means therein and especially
subclass 61.69 for a sedimentation rate measuring apparatus
including radiant energy responsive means and subclass 61.48
for analyzing a liquid constituent of a liquid mixture by
means of optical irradiation.
Subclass:
574
This subclass is indented under subclass 573. Subject matter
including structure associated with the photocell or the
photocell is so placed as to be responsive to light
dispersed, scattered or reflected by the fluent material.
Subclass:
575
This subclass is indented under subclass 573. Subject matter
including more than one optical path or separate fluent
materials in one optical path.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass includes the
provision of one path for the fluent material and a reference
path which may include only the ambient atmosphere.
Subclass:
576
This subclass is indented under subclass 573. Subject matter
including means to contain, constrain, move or guide fluent
material to the optical path.
Subclass:
577
This subclass is indented under subclass 573. Subject matter
including structure associated with the photocell or the
placement of the photocell to specifically detect the volume
or elevation of a contained fluent material.
Subclass:
578.1
Plural light sources or optical paths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
in which the optical or pre-photocell system includes more
than one light source or more than one optical path from one
or more light sources to the photocell(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 adjusting optical system to balance brightness in plural
paths.
208.2 plural photosensitive nonimage detecting elements for
systems which typically involve plural light sources or
optical paths.
553 array or matrix solid-state light sources, for plural
light sources.
Subclass:
580
SOURCE WITH RECORDING DETECTOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising (1) a source of invisible radiation
of the class type and (2) a means (i.e., recording detector)
sensitive to the radiation from the source, or secondary
radiation generated by the source, whose response (visible or
latent; i.e., invisible) is effectively permanent (or
"semi-permanent" in the sense that it can be reversed and the
device re-used for subsequent recordings), and, where an
image of an object is desired, (3) the object in the
radiation path from the source to the detector.
(1) Note. The radiation path of (3) supra will include the
path of radiation deflected from the object if the recording
detector is to respond to deflected radiation or the path of
transmitted radiation if the recording detector is to respond
to radiation that passes through the object without
substantial deflection.
(2) Note. Fluorescent and phosphorescent detectors whose
response to invisible radiation of the class type may outlast
their exposure to such radiation are excluded from this
subclass and the indented subclasses as not being effectively
permanent. See search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for photos:graphically recording the bombardment of
objects by charged particles.
458.1 for irradiation of fluorescent and phosphorescent
detectors.
472.1 for recording detectors, per se.
483.1 for fluorescent and phosphorescent detectors, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 62, 87,
98, and 99 for imaging systems using an X-ray source and
X-ray detector wherein the detector is not a stimulable
phosphor.
Subclass:
581
Using a stimulable phosphor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter
in which the radiation sensitive means is a stimulable
phosphor.
(1) Note. The radiation sensitive means may be described as
a stimulable phosphor sheet, a photostimulable substrate, a
storage plate, or an imaging plate.
(2) Note. A stimulable phosphor absorbs radiation
wavelength, is stimulated by radiation of a longer
wavelength, and emits radiation of an intermediate
wavelength.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
484.4 for stimulable phosphor sheets, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 301.16 for organic luminescent compounds
and subclasses 301.4+ for inorganic luminescent compounds.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 64 for production of
luminescent screens.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 6 for radiation screens and
subclass 139 for luminescent imaging.
Subclass:
582
With image recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to recording
the desired image of the object upon the radiation sensitive
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
583 for image recording in specialized applications such as
tomography, mammography, autoradiography, or electron
microscopes.
589 for image recording with a means for transporting the
radiation sensitive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 146 for
scanning systems with an X-ray source and detector.
Subclass:
583
For specialized application:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to recording
the desired image of the object upon the radiation sensitive
means in specialized applications such as tomography,
mammography, autoradiography, or electron microscopes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 and 397, for electron microscopes, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 21 for
tomography and subclass 37 for mammography.
600, Surgery, 407 for applications where a diagnosis is made
by analyzing the scanned images.
Subclass:
584
With image read-out:
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to making a
latent recorded image of the object visible.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
585 and 586, for image read-out having particular form of
stimulation or emission detection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, subclass
302 for laser scanners used in; e.g., facsimile machines.
Subclass:
585
Including stimulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to the
stimulation of the radiation sensitive material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 1 for radiation applied to the living body as
therapeutic treatment.
Subclass:
586
Including emission detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to the
detection of the stimulated emission from the radiation
sensitive material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
587 for stimulated emission detection where the detection is
used to adjust the read-out conditions.
Subclass:
587
With adjustment of conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 586. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to the
detection of the stimulated emission from the radiation
sensitive material and the detection is used to adjust the
read-out conditions.
Subclass:
588
With erasure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to the
reversal of the response of the radiation responsive material
to enable its re-use for subsequent image recordings.
(1) Note. The reversal is usually termed "erasure" when
using stimulable phosphor sheets. Erasure may also be
necessary to remove "fog" which develops in the sheets
overtime; e.g., from incorporated radioactive isotopes.
Subclass:
589
With conveyance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 581. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to means for
transporting the radiation sensitive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, 18 for sheet separators,
and subclasses 264+ for sheet conveying means.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 172 for
an X-ray serial plate or cassette changer, subclass 173 for
an X-ray plural film or film pack changer, and subclass 181
for movable X-ray film plate supports.
Subclass:
590
With a recirculation path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to means for
transporting the radiation sensitive means, and the path of
transport recirculates the radiation sensitive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, subclass 3.1 for
recirculating sheet transport (e.g., document copiers).
Subclass:
591
Including a light beam read-out:
This subclass is indented under subclass 580. Subject matter
including means which are directed particularly to reading
out a latent recorded desired image of the object using a
light beam.
(1) Note. Means using a stimulable phosphor as the
radiation sensitive means is excluded from this subclass.
See search note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
585 for means to stimulate a stimulable phosphor sheet,
which may include a light beam.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
OPTICAL LIQUID LEVEL SENSORS:
Art collection of liquid level sensor photocell systems which
employ light conductors to detect the absolute or relative
level of liquids.
(1) Note. To be classified herein, significant light
conductor means must be recited in the claim(s).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 188 and 218+ for refrigeration
means having liquid level control.
73, Measuring and Testing, 290, especially subclass 293,
liquid level or depth gauges combined with liquid level
indicators for determining the level or depth of a body of
liquid not otherwise classifiable.
116, Signals and Indicators, 109 for liquid level alarms for
indicating changes in liquid level; and subclasses 227+ for
liquid level indicators. This class is directed to
nonelectrical liquid level detectors but includes electrical
indicating means.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 386, for liquid level
responsive or maintaining systems which sense liquid level
and exercise flow control; and subclasses 101.25+ for
self-proportioning systems with liquid level sensing.
222, Dispensing, 64, material level control systems.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 619 for optical
liquid level condition responsive systems responsive to
liquid level and claiming a particular indicator means.
Subclass:
901
With gap between light guide elements (includes open light
path preset):
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which a
light guide which transmits light from a light source to a
detector has a gap which light from the source traverses, or
does not traverse, depending on the angle of the end faces of
the light conductor, whether or not the liquid is in the gap,
etc. The designation "open light circuit present" means that
light from the light source normally is not transmitted from
one light conductor end face across a gap to the other light
conductor end face when the gap is not filled with liquid.
The designation "closed light circuit preset" means that
light from the light source is normally transmitted across
the gap between the light conductor end faces when liquid is
not filling the gap. Illustrations of open and closed light
circuits appear below: [figure]
Subclass:
902
With closed light path preset:
This subclass is indented under subclass 901. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which
light from the light source is normally transmitted across
the gap formed by light conductor end faces to the
photodetector in the absence of liquid in the gap.
(1) Note. An illustration of this situation is found above,
in the definition of subclass 901.
Subclass:
903
With prism contacting liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 902. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which a
prism forms the gap between the fibers and the prism is
placed in contact with the liquid to open the light path in
the gap.
(1) Note. An illustration of this situation appears below:
[figure]
Subclass:
904
With single light guide element to guide light in a
continuous path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which a
single continuous light conductor guides light therein in a
closed path preset from a light source to a photodetector
and, when contacted by a liquid, light is coupled into the
liquid and out of the conductor.
Subclass:
905
With longitudinal irregularity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 904. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which the
light conducting guide has some nonregular aspect along its
longitudinal axis. For example, the surface of the light
conducting guide is not parallel to the longitudinal axis
thereof, or has a variation in its optical parameters along
its longitudinal axis, e.g., a graded refractive index.
(1) Note. Illustration of longitudinal irregularities
appear below: [figure]
Subclass:
906
With large scale longitudinal bend:
This subclass is indented under subclass 905. Art collection
of liquid level sensors related to those in ... in which the
light conducting guide is bent along its longitudinal axis
and the bend is macroscopic, e.g., the entire guide is bent
into a U-shape, as distinct from a plurality of microscale
bends where the overall shape of the guide may still be
straight.
(1) Note. Typically, the light conducting guide is curved
or bent along its longitudinal axis and the light is coupled
out of the guide and into the liquid at a point along the
curve or bend therein. An illustration appears below:
[figure]
Subclass:
907
With portions of light guide coating or cladding removed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 905. Art collection
of liquid level sensors relating to those found in ... in
which the longitudinal irregularity comprises an irregular
longitudinal surface caused by removal (e.g., roughening) of
portions of the light conductor coating or cladding.
Subclass:
908
With waveguide twisted about its longitudinal axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 905. Art collection
of liquid level sensors relating to those in ... in which a
light conducting waveguide is twisted about its longitudinal
axis, which results in a conversion of the lowest order light
beam transverse electromagnetic (TEM) modes input into the
light conducting waveguide into an output of higher order
modes because of the continually rotating cross-section of
the waveguide. An illustration of this type of waveguide
appears below: [figure]
Subclass:
909
METHODS AND APPARATUS ANCILLARY TO STIMULABLE PHOSPHOR
SYSTEMS:
Art collection of methods and apparatus relating to the
technology of stimulable phosphors which include for example,
signal processing methods after image read-out and mechanical
accessories for cassette or plate transport. These documents
usually do not include as significant claim elements (or
significant disclosure in the case of nonpatent literature)
methods and apparatus relating to image recording or phosphor
plate technology.
Subclass:
910
FOOD SAMPLE ANALYSIS USING INVISIBLE RADIANT ENERGY SOURCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein a sample being analyzed using
invisible radiant energy is an edible substance.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000