U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 244
AERONAUTICS
Class Definition:
This class contains and is limited to:
1. Machines or structures adapted to be completely or
partially sustained by the air (e.g., winged aircraft,
helicopters, parachutes, kites, balloons, etc.),
2. Machines or structures adapted to be propelled and guided
or stabilized through the air (e.g., projectiles with fins,
guided missiles, etc.),
3. Machines or structures adapted to be placed in an orbit or
which substantially operate outside the earth's atmosphere
(e.g., satellites, space vehicles, etc.),
4. Subcombinations of the machines or structures of 1-3,
above, not classified elsewhere (guidance and control,
aircraft structures, etc.),
5. Devices ancillary to the use of the machines or structures
of 1-3 above, not classified elsewhere (e.g., mooring
devices, etc.), and
6. Processes or methods peculiarly related to 1-5 above and
not provided for elsewhere.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class excludes toy or model aeronautical devices unless
the invention is such that it also applies logically to full
sized devices for actual use in carrying persons or cargo.
For toy or model airplanes, etc., see Class 446, Amusement
Devices: Toys, subclass 56.
This class excludes motor vehicles for travel on land or
water, and which vehicles are supported above said land or
water by a relatively thin cushion of air between the vehicle
and the land or water, such cushion of air being generated by
the motor vehicle (e.g., ground effect machines). For a
motor vehicle of the surface effect type, see Class 180,
Motor Vehicles, subclasses 116+.
This class provides, in subclasses 76+, the generic subclass
for the automatic steering of mobile craft in two or three
dimensions. See subclasses 175+ where the control apparatus
includes electrical devices or apparatus. See the search
notes to these subclasses for the other subclasses which
provide for motion and/or steering control and a statement as
to the line between the classes.
Arrangements of aircraft to permit their handling by hoists
are found in this class, subclass 1. For similar
arrangements on other articles, see Class 220, Receptacles,
subclass 1.5+ and Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line
Implements, subclass 74, and indented subclasses.
Gas cells or balloon envelope distinguished only by the
coating on, or by the structure of the fabric or textile are
placed in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous
Articles, appropriate subclasses; see especially subclasses
175+, 190, 193, and 196+ for a single or plural layer sheet
or web embodying mechanically interengaged strands (e.g.,
weave or knit), and subclasses 411.1+ for a composite, web or
sheet characterized only by the composition of the layers.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, 1.51 for bomb flare and signal dropping and
subclass 37.16 for gun mounts on aircraft.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 337 for parachute flares,
subclass 387 for parachute-carried drop bombs, subclass 405
for aerial mines, and subclasses 504+ for
parachute-containing projectiles.
104, Railways, subclass 23.1 for airplanes attached to or
running on tracks.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 41.56 for devices for
cooling internal combustion engines by means of air including
cowling devices for the engines to provide for directing the
cooling air against the engine parts to be cooled and
subclasses 41.63+ for combinations of impellers with driving
means are ordinarily classified in Class
414, Material or Article Handling, 227 for storage and
handling means for vehicles.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, 8 for
combinations of impellers with driving means.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate
subclasses for impellers such as traction propellers, pusher
propellers, helicopter and "Autogiro" rotors as well as these
impellers combined with their driving means, whether recited,
per se, or in combination with such aircraft structure as is
necessary to mount the impellers.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 111, 186, and 239+
for devices for training in the use of navigational
instruments or for such devices when combined with training
devices for aircraft operation, per se.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 181 and 304+ for a woven or knit fabric.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Aeronautical machines and devices not otherwise
classifiable.
(1) Note. Instruments and indicators incorporated with
aircraft structure are found here.
(2) Note. for instruments and indicators, per se, see the
search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for
instruments and indicators, per se,
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
instruments and indicators, per se,
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses for
instruments and indicators, per se,
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 707 for
trailing-type antennas with aircraft.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Compound aeronautical machines consisting of two or more
complete machines of the same or different types acting
together to provide a single result or to be mutually
interdependent. This subclass also includes aeronautical
machines combined with complete land or water vehicles, which
may be separable from the aeronautical machine for
independent operation during its use as a land or water
vehicle.
(1) Note. This subclass includes complete aeronautical
machines cooperating with other complete aeronautical
machines to provide landing or launching facilities on one
machine for the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for aircraft operable as land or water craft.
63 for launching of aircraft not claiming the combination of
a lifting or propulsive aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
258, Railway Mail Delivery, subclass 1.2 for load pick-up or
release by an aircraft in flight and see the reference to
this class (244) for the line.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Compound
aeronautical machines comprising two or more complete
machines of the same or different types, arranged in tandem,
and attached together so that one may tow or propel the
others, or arranged to cooperate to provide sustentation and
propulsion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 215 for
devices for attaching signs to aircraft so that they may be
towed thereby.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 1.4 for railway trains.
180, Motor Vehicles, 14.1 for motor vehicle trains.
280, Land Vehicles, 400 for miscellaneous vehicle trains,
these subclasses having draft devices, per se, even though
disclosed solely for towing one aircraft from another.
Subclass:
3.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means which operates inherently to
compensate for undesired changes in attitude or which
operates to affect the trajectory or course of an unmanned
aerial missile.
(1) Note. The term "missile" in the above definition
includes: (a): (1) a device explosively propelled through and
from the barrel of a gun or (2) a device carrying an
explosive which explosive when actuated either (a) detonates
to destroy or damage the carrying device, or (b) burns or
combusts within the carrying device to (1) release the
products of combustion to the atmosphere, or (2) generate a
gas to eject an object or substance from the carrying device,
or (3) generate heat within the carrying device which damage
or partly damages the carrying device; (b) a device having a
payload and an attached reaction motor for propelling payload
through the earth's atmosphere. The reaction motor comprises
a means for producing a motive fluid and a means for ejecting
said fluid (see 1-8 Notes Class 60, Power Plants, subclasses
200.1+).
(2) Note. This definition excludes aircraft which are
sustained by air. For such subject matter see this class,
subclasses 4+.
(3) Note. Where the "missile" is disclosed as having
utility for manned flight the patent is excluded under this
definition and is classified in this class, subclasses 75+.
(4) Note. Where the "missile" (manned or unmanned) is (1)
disclosed as a body which is to be placed in orbit around the
earth (i.e., satellite) or (2) solely disclosed as a vehicle
for use in outer space interplanetary travel, it is
classified in this class, subclass 1.
(5) Note. This definition excludes explosive devices
designed to be dropped from the air or watercraft on an
objective below, known as "drop bombs". Such subject matter
is classified in Class 102, Ammunition and Explosives,
subclasses 382+.
(6) Note. This definition excludes a missile having a
payload for display or amusement (e.g., fireworks or toy
novelties) with a reaction motor driven by the products of
combustion. Pyrotechnic rockets are classified in Class 102,
Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 347+.
(7) Note. This definition further excludes a pyrotechnic
(firework creating flash, noise or smoke) device of general
utility having a vane, a wing, parachute, balloon or
propeller. Such subject matter is classified in Class 102,
Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 335+ and 367+.
(8) Note. This definition further excludes a rocket having
a toy, amusement or display (nonpyrotechnic) payload with a
reaction motor driven by other than products of combustion.
Such a rocket is classified in Class 446, Amusement Devices:
Toys, subclass 56.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for generic data processing
control systems.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for computer systems for vehicle control or
vehicle condition indication and subclasses 200+ for
computations in the application of navigation.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 8 for mathematical
simulation of a vehicle.
Subclass:
3.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
comprising means whereby the attitude or the trajectory of
the missile is controlled from a command source originating
at a point remote from the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for remote
control of drop bombs.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for remotely controlled electric motors,
particularly subclass 16 for motors controlled by space
transmitted electromagnetic or electrostatic energy, subclass
128 for reciprocating motor and subclass 460 for motors in
general controlled by sound, supersonic waves or vibration,
subclass 471 for motors controlled by infra red or heat waves
and subclass 480, for motors controlled by radiant energy
(light waves).
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
109 for communication systems utilizing light waves.
Subclass:
3.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.11. Subject
matter comprising a wire connected between a moving missile
and the command source and used to convey a signal to control
the attitude or the flight path of the missile.
Subclass:
3.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.11. Subject
matter in which the missile is directed to a target by a beam
of electromagnetic wave energy which is transmitted from the
command source to the target.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.14 for remote control systems wherein the command source
transmits a radio frequency control signal to the missile.
3.19 for automatic guidance systems for missiles with means
for detecting radio waves and having a communication link to
the command source in the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 385 for directive beacons.
Subclass:
3.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.11. Subject
matter in which the command source transmits a radio
frequency control signal to the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.13 for systems wherein the missile is directed to a target
by a beam of electromagnetic wave energy from the command
source.
3.19 for missiles provided with means for detecting radio
waves and having a communication link to the command source
in the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 16 for
electric motors supplied or controlled by space transmitted
electromagnetic or electrostatic energy (e.g., radio waves).
340, Communications: Electrical, 825 for selective and
remote electrical control systems, subclasses 870.01+ for
telemetering systems and subclass 539 for alarm systems
including a radio link; and subclass 825.72 for remote
control utilizing radio waves.
Subclass:
3.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
wherein the trajectory or stability of the missile is
controlled by a command signal originating inside the
missile.
(1) Note. The command signal inside the missile may depend
upon some source outside the missile which is radiating
energy but which is not varied for the purpose of influencing
the missile. For example, the source may be wave energy from
the sun, the stars, the earth's magnetic field, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for automatic guidance systems for fluid sustained or
manned aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for generic data processing
control systems.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for computing systems for vehicle control or
vehicle condition indication and subclasses 200+ for
computations in the application of navigation.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 8 for mathematical
simulation of a vehicle.
Subclass:
3.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject
matter in which means are provided for detecting light waves
(includes visible and infrared rays) and a communication link
is provided between the detecting means and the command
source in the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for drop bombs
having direction controlling means which may include a
detector sensitive to infrared or visible rays.
250, Radiant Energy, 203.1 for tracking objects by means of
visible or infrared light rays.
Subclass:
3.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16. Subject
matter in which the light rays are compared with a record
located inside the missile (e.g., a film strip or
photograph).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 548 and 559.01+ for optical or
prephotocell systems having a web, or a web strand in the
optical path, and subclasses 555+ for a record in the optical
path.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 5 for such
systems where the record is a radar map.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 429 for the monitoring
of webs for variations in the response of the webs to visible
light.
Subclass:
3.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16. Subject
matter in which the light rays emanate from a celestial body
(e.g., star, sun).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 178 for navigation systems in
general.
250, Radiant Energy, 203.1 for optical systems for following
a point (e.g., a star).
Subclass:
3.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject
matter in which means are provided for detecting radio waves
and a communication link is provided between the detecting
means and the command source in the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.13 for missiles that are directed to a target by a beam of
electromagnetic energy from a command source.
3.14 for remote control systems wherein a command transmits
a radio frequency control signal to the missile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for
radio wave communication systems, especially subclass 417
for direction finding receivers. See Class 343,
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclasses 700+ for
radio wave antennas.
455, Telecommunications, 130 for radio receivers.
Subclass:
3.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject
matter in which automatic guidance is achieved by means of
self-contained automatic controlling devices that respond to
acceleration producing forces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for automatic aircraft control by gyroscopic means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 316 and 318+ for direction
sensing and indicating devices utilizing a gyroscope.
73, Measuring and Testing, 178 for navigation systems which
may use inertial guidance systems.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for gyroscopes.
114, Ships, for underwater torpedoes with a gyroscopic
controlled steering mechanisms.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 457 for
electric motor control systems utilizing inertia-type
detectors.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 220 for navigational applications which
include an inertial sensor.
Subclass:
3.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject
matter wherein a mechanism for controlling missile attitude
is actuated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for such mechanisms used with space vehicles.
76 for such mechanisms used with fluid sustained or manned
aerial vehicles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for such
mechanisms used with drop bombs.
114, Ships, subclass 23 for such mechanisms used with
underwater torpedoes.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 580 for position
servomechanisms for single axis vehicular guidance systems,
and subclasses 648+ for position servomechanisms responsive
to inertial, direction or inclination measuring instruments.
Subclass:
3.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21. Subject
matter in which the mechanism for controlling attitude
comprises a fluid reaction jet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 228 for reaction motors with a thrust
direction modifier.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 347 for pyrotechnic
skyrockets and subclasses 374+ for missile with propelling
charge.
114, Ships, subclass 151 for ships with fluid jet-type
steering means.
440, Marine Propulsion, 44 for marine propulsion means of
the explosive jet type.
Subclass:
3.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Apparatus
wherein the missile is rotated about its longitudinal axis
during the flight of said missile for maintaining stability
by means on the missile which reacts with the atmosphere
(e.g., fin, etc.) or a fluid reaction jet issuing from said
missile.
(1) Note. This definition excludes a "missile" where the
sole means to rotate it is the coaction between pregrooved
rifling band and a rifled barrel and the engraved grooves on
the band are disclosed for the purpose of reacting with the
atmosphere to aid in the rotation of the missile, such a
missile is classified in Class 102, Ammunition and Explosive
Devices, along with conventional rifling bands which may
inherently perform the same function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 228 for a reaction motor having thrust
direction modifying means.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 348 for pyrotechnic
rockets having vane of fin structure and subclass 339 for
pyrotechnic rockets with means to cause rotation of the
rocket by gas discharge.
Subclass:
3.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
where the stabilizing means is an external aerodynamic
surface mounted on the missile.
(1) Note. Nominally recited fin structure on a missile is
excluded from this subclass, and is classified in the
appropriate missile subclass in Class 102, Ammunition and
Explosives.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for such surfaces on a fluid sustained or manned aerial
vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 23 for underwater torpedoes with steering
mechanism and subclasses 144+ for ship steering mechanisms in
general.
Subclass:
3.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.24. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing surface is removed during the
flight of the missile.
Subclass:
3.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.24. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing means as a unit is movable
along the longitudinal axis of the missile from a first
position to a second position.
Subclass:
3.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.24. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing surface moves from a collapsed
position to an open position.
Subclass:
3.28
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.27. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing surface rotates about an axis
perpendicular to an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the missile.
Subclass:
3.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.27. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing surface rotates about an axis
parallel to the missile axis.
Subclass:
3.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.24. Subject
matter wherein the stabilizing surface is mounted to extend
beyond the rear of the missile.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous aeronautical machines which ordinarily weigh
more than the air which they displace, and depend therefore
on some aerodynamic action for their sustentation. This
includes combination types not provided for below.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes machines strapped
directly to the body of a person, but propelled by mechanical
means.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines sustained by aerodynamic action on airfoils, having
also provision for continuous or temporary additional
sustentation by buoyant gas.
(1) Note. For airships partially sustained by airplane
wings, see this class, subclass 25.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation or
vertical lift by means of screw propellers arranged to
develop a substantial component of thrust in a vertical
direction.
(1) Note. For helicopters without airplane wings, see this
class, subclasses 17.11+.
(2) Note. For lighter-than-air craft partially sustained by
helicopter propellers, see this class, subclass 26.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Aeronautical
machines, which may be altered so that the major sustaining
agency is either the aerodynamic action upon airfoils in
fixed relation to the machine or the vertical component of
thrust developed by screw propellers. This includes machines
which are designed to be operated without change, either as
airplanes or as helicopters, and also machines in which some
parts of their arrangement are altered for this purpose.
(1) Note. Aeronautical machines sustained at all times by
both airplane and helicopter action, but providing for slight
variations in the effect of one or the other sustaining
agency, are classified in this class, subclass 6.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, and having also sustaining elements having
radially extending airfoil blades, the sustaining elements
being rotatable about substantially vertical axes by the
reaction of the relative wind on the airfoil blades.
(1) Note. For machines having only auto-rotating wings for
sustentation, see this class, subclasses 17.11+.
(2) Note. For the rotating sustaining wings, per se, see
this class, subclass 39.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation or
vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by rotating
paddle wheels. These paddle wheels may also provide a part
or all of the forward propulsion.
(1) Note. For machines sustained by paddle wheels alone,
see this class, subclasses 19 and 20.
(2) Note. For airships partially sustained by paddle
wheels, see this class, subclass 27.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation or
vertical lift by substantially cylindrical members rotating
about substantially horizontal axes and reacting with the
relative wind to produce a downward component of thrust.
(1) Note. For machines sustained by cylindrical rotors
alone, see this class, subclass 21.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation or
vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by flapping or
reciprocating blades attached to the machines. These blades
may also be the propelling agents.
(1) Note. For machines sustained by beating wings alone,
see this class, subclass 22.
(2) Note. For lighter-than-air craft partially sustained by
beating wings, see this class, subclass 28.
(3) Note. For beating wing construction, per se, see this
class, subclass 72.
Subclass:
12.1
Airplane and fluid sustained:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines having provision for sustentation in part or
entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for the sustention by
the reaction to the downward movement of restricted masses or
jets by air or other fluid, the forward propulsion of the
machines may also be derived from movement of the same or
similar masses or jets of air or other fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for fluid propelled aircraft.
23 for aeronautical machines sustained solely by fluid
reaction.
29 for lighter-than-air craft partially sustained by fluid
reaction.
73 for fluid propulsion and sustention devices, per se.
Subclass:
12.2
Circular:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus
wherein the peripheral surface of either the aeronautical
machine or the airfoil therefor is substantially in the form
of a circle.
Subclass:
12.3
Dual propulsion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus
wherein the aeronautical machine comprises separate and
distinct power plants or motive means, at least one of the
motive means being used solely for forward or horizontal
propulsion and at least one other motive means solely for
lift or vertical propulsion.
Subclass:
12.4
Thrust tilting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus
comprising an airfoil structure having an adjustable power
plant or motive means thereon to provide a variable
directional thrust to the machine, at least one component or
direction of thrust being capable of providing lift to the
machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for a tiltable power plant mounted to the fuselage of an
aeronautical machine.
Subclass:
12.5
With thrust diverting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus
wherein there is provided means on the aeronautical machine
adjustable to a position for deflecting the direction of
travel of exhaust fluid produced by the motive means, the
deflector means when positioned to deflect the exhaust fluid
providing a vertical or lifting force to the aeronautical
machine for vertical or short take-offs and landings
(V/STOL).
Subclass:
12.6
Channel wing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus
wherein the airfoil fixed to the aeronautical machine is
provided with an arched or other undulating configuration for
confining, channeling or otherwise affecting, at least in
part, the flow of sustention fluid therepast.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines sustained by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed
relation to the machines.
(1) Note. For the shape and arrangement of sustaining
airfoils with relation to the machine, see this class,
subclass 35, and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. For the construction of aircraft of all types,
see this class, subclass 117, and indented subclasses.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical
machines of the self-propelled airplane type which carry an
explosive or other destructive charge to be set off or
liberated by contact with a distant target or by the meeting
of other desired conditions. These machines are ordinarily
unmanned and are therefore controlled either automatically or
by such means as radiant energy from a remote point. This
subclass also includes devices of this same type performing
useful rather than destructive work at a distance.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical
machines of the airplane type propelled by the reaction to
the movement of restricted masses or jets of air or other
fluids.
(1) Note. For the automatic control of aircraft and other
mobile devices, see the search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for other fluid propulsion devices on aircraft.
76 for the automatic control of aircraft and other mobile
devices, and note especially the classes referred to in the
Notes to subclasses 76 and 175+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 200.1 for reaction motors.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 405, for aerial
mines.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 127.1 and
265.11+ for the discharge nozzle subcombination of a reaction
motor.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical
machines of the airplane type, having no mechanical
propulsion and deriving their forward motion entirely from a
component of the force of gravity along the line of flight.
(1) Note. For disclosure of similar machines, propelled by
manual operated means, see this class, subclass 64.
Subclass:
17.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aircraft which
are sustained in the air by a thrust produced by one or more
wings or blades rotating about a substantially vertical
axis.
(1) Note. This type of aircraft is technically called a
gyroplane and includes (1) helicopters, wherein the wings or
blades are normally mechanically driven, and (2) the
autorotating wing type, e.g., "Autogiro", wherein the wings
or blades rotate because of the aerodynamic forces acting on
them due to the forward speed of the aircraft, the forward
motion being caused by a tractor impeller, jet or other
propulsion means.
(2) Note. The rotary wing may be provided with modifying
means whereby the thrust is varied in intensity or
direction.
(3) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses provide for
a rotary wing which is significantly combined with the
aircraft, i.e., when more structure of the aircraft is
recited than is necessary to mount the propulsion or steering
means. In the following instances, the aircraft is
considered to be significantly recited: (a) Mounting or
attachment of a motor or power plant to the frame or body in
a particular relation or location with respect to the body.
(b) The impeller drive gearing or shaft is located in a
specific relation to the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 7 and 8, for aircraft having a fixed wing in addition to
the rotating wing for sustentation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate
subclasses, particularly subclasses such as 20+, 87+ and 98+
for the rotor, per se.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 36, for toy "Autogiros" or
helicopters.
Subclass:
17.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
in which means responsive to a condition of the aircraft
controls the rotary wing system.
(1) Note. The condition responsive means of this subclass
comprises separate and distinct controlling means and does
not include those rotary wings which are automatically
controlled by a condition of the rotary wing itself, e.g.,
free blade type.
(2) Note. The mere forward motion of the aircraft is not
significant aircraft structure as set forth in (3) Note,
subclass 17.11, this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for automatic control of aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 27 and 31+
for automatic controls for impellers where no aircraft
combination is claimed, especially subclass 40 for impeller
control responsive to relative medium flow velocity (e.g.,
vehicle speed, etc.) and subclasses 103+ and 131+ for free
blade-type impellers. See (2) Note above.
Subclass:
17.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
having means other than the rotor to allow lowering of the
aircraft or in which the rotor is adjustable to allow the
aircraft to be safely lowered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17.13 for safety lowering devices in which the rotor is
automatically adjusted by condition responsive means.
138 for safety lowering devices for airplanes.
Subclass:
17.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
combined with (1) landing gear, (2) aircraft mooring devices,
(3) nonaerial propelling devices, and (4) nonaerial steering
means.
(1) Note. The nonaerial propelling and/or steering means of
this subclass is directed to devices auxiliary to or other
than the aircraft rotor to effect propulsion and/or steering
while on land or water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for vehicles convertible from an aircraft to a land or
water vehicle in which the flight mechanism is disabled
during travel on land or water.
50 for propulsion and steering of aircraft other than
gyroplanes on land or water.
100 for aircraft landing gear.
Subclass:
17.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
combined with means in addition to the rotating wing and
operating during flight to (1) propel the craft, (2)
counteract the torque of the rotating wing, or (3) steer the
aircraft.
(1) Note. The steering means of this subclass, i.e.,
so-called aerial steering, is directed to devices auxiliary
to the rotating wing of the aircraft to effect steering in
flight. Such auxiliary devices may include shiftable weights
to change the center of gravity of the craft or a rudder on
the craft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17.15 for auxiliary propulsion, counter-torque or steering
devices combined with a safety lowering device, and 17.17,
for similar subject matter combined with a landing, mooring
or nonaerial propelling or steering device.
17.21 for devices having a rotary as well as a nonrotary
means for auxiliary propulsion countertorque or steering.
235 for rudders for aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 48 and
subclasses 147+ for steering by means of a variation in the
thrust forces produced by the rotor itself, e.g., tiltable
axis or collective pitch changes.
Subclass:
17.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.19. Gyroplanes
in which the additional means is rotatable.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those devices which
include a rotary as well as a nonrotary means for auxiliary
propulsion, countertorque or steering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 120, for
plural impellers which are relatively movable and/or have
different axes in which no more aircraft structure is
included than is necessary to mount the impellers. See (3)
Note, subclass 17.11, this class (244), for the line.
Subclass:
17.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
which are provided with a plurality of rotating wings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 120, for
plural impellers which are relatively movable and/or have
different axes and in which only as much aircraft structure
is claimed as is necessary to mount the impelling and/or
steering means.
Subclass:
17.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
in which the direction of lift of the impeller is variable,
either by a cyclic pitch control of the impeller thereby
tilting the virtual axis of the impeller or by tilting the
real axis of the impeller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 98 and 148
for impellers, per se, having a tiltable axis or cyclic pitch
control.
Subclass:
17.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes
including means to position or support the rotating wing on
the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 121,
149+ and 246 for a shiftable or adjustable impeller support.
Subclass:
19
Aeronautical machines sustained by the downward thrust
developed by rotating paddle wheels. These paddle wheels may
also be the propelling agents.
(1) Note. For paddle wheels on machines having also
sustaining wings, see this class, subclass 9.
(2) Note. For machines having feathering paddle wheels, see
this class, subclass 20.
(3) Note. For lighter-than-air craft sustained also by
paddle wheels, see this class, subclass 27.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Aeronautical
machines, in which the arrangement of the blades of the
paddle wheels is varied during the rotation of the paddle
wheel.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines sustained by elements having cylindrical members
rotating about substantially horizontal axes and reacting
with the relative wind to produce a downward component of
thrust.
(1) Note. For machines having sustaining airfoils as wells
as sustaining cylindrical rotors, see this class, subclass
10.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines sustained by the downward thrust developed by
flapping or reciprocating blades attached to the machines.
These blades may also be the propelling agents.
(1) Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils as
well as beating wings, see this class, subclass 11.
(2) Note. For lighter-than-air craft sustained also by
beating wings, see this class, subclass 28.
(3) Note. For beating wings, per se, see this class,
subclass 72.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical
machines sustained by the reaction to the downward movement
of restricted masses or jets of air or other fluid. The
forward propulsion of the machines may also be derived from
the movement of the same or similar masses or jets of air or
other fluid.
(1) Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils as
well as means for fluid sustentation, see this class,
subclasses 12.1+.
(2) Note. For airplanes, fluid propelled, see this class,
subclass 15.
(3) Note. For lighter-than-air craft partially sustained by
fluid reaction, see this class, subclass 29.
(4) Note. For fluid propulsion and sustentation devices,
per se, see this class, subclasses 73 and 74.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous aircraft which ordinarily have a total weight
less than or equal to that of the volume of air which they
displace and are therefore sustained by their buoyancy with
respect to the air.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for sustentation by
aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation to the
machines.
(1) Note. In this subclass the machines are primarily
lighter-than-air craft with the fixed sustaining airfoils
providing additional sustentation.
(2) Note. Machines which are primarily airplanes but have
provision for carrying some lighter-than-air gas to diminish
their weight are found in this class, subclass 5.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for sustentation or vertical
lift by means of screw propellers arranged to develop a
substantial component of thrust in a vertical direction.
(1) Note. For helicopters having also sustaining wings, see
this class, subclass 6.
(2) Note. For helicopters without airplane wings, see this
class, subclasses 17.11+.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for sustentation or vertical
lift by the downward thrust developed by rotating paddle
wheels. These paddle wheels may also provide a part or all
of the forward propulsion.
(1) Note. For paddle wheels on machines having also
sustaining wings, see this class, subclass 9.
(2) Note. For machines sustained by paddle wheels alone,
see this class, subclasses 19 and 20.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for sustentation or vertical
lift by the downward thrust developed by flapping or
reciprocating blades attached to the machines. These blades
may also provide a part or all of the forward propulsion.
(1) Note. For machines having fixed sustaining air foils as
well as beating wings, see this class, subclass 11.
(2) Note. For machines sustained by beating wings alone,
see this class, subclass 22.
(3) Note. For beating wing construction, per se, see this
class, subclass 72.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for sustentation by the
reaction to downward movement of restricted masses or jets of
air or other fluid. The forward propulsion of the machine
may also be derived from movement of the same or similar
masses or jets of air or other fluid.
(1) Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils as
well as means for fluid sustentation, see this class,
subclasses 12.1+.
(2) Note. For airplanes, fluid propelled, see this class,
subclass 15.
(3) Note. For machines sustained solely by fluid reaction,
see this class, subclass 23.
(4) Note. For fluid propulsion and sustentation devices,
per se, see this class, subclasses 73 and 74.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled
aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for power plants for airships using some gas, used in the
sustentation or operation of the craft, also as fuel.
94 for ballast storage and release.
95 for ballast making.
96 for control devices and their arrangement, particularly
adapted for use on airships.
125 126, 127, and 128, for the construction of airships.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Aircraft
sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, having no
provision for propulsion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Aircraft
normally sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air,
having also provision for retarding their fall upon failure
of their buoyancy, by means of parachutes attached to or
formed from some part of their structure.
(1) Note. This subclass includes those aircraft having
propulsion means disclosed, but in which the invention is the
combination between the gas bag and the parachute, or the
conversion from one to the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for the combination of balloon, parachute and
heavier-than-air craft for lowering the latter in an
emergency.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Aircraft
sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, restrained
from free flight by ropes or cables connecting them to some
fixed or movable anchoring means on the ground or water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 214 for
similar aircraft provided with signs or other advertising
indicia.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means to provide support, relative
to the air, for an aircraft to which it is attached.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 19, 22, 27, and 70, for paddle wheels which may sustain as
well as propel.
11 22, 28, and 72, for beating wings which may sustain as
well as propel.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Support
providing means comprising an element, of the type commonly
called a wing, plane, or blade, having a surface designed to
be acted upon by a relatively moving stream of air to support
the aircraft, a leading edge upstream and a trailing edge
downstream, a theoretical chord line connecting the two
edges, an upper surface when viewed planwise from above the
chord line, and a lower surface when viewed planwise from
below the chord line.
(1) Note. This subclass contains airfoils in which the
novelty is in the shape of the individual airfoil, either in
cross-section or in plan view.
(2) Note. The search should be continued in this class,
subclass 45, which is devoted to the arrangement of airfoils,
with respect to each other or to the body upon which they are
mounted, but which contains many incidental disclosures of
airfoils of unusual shape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 124, for the construction of airfoils such as internal
bracing, etc.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Airplane
fuselages having a shape which permits them to act as
sustaining airfoils.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Bracing struts
on aircraft constructed and arranged to act as sustaining
airfoils.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 84 for a
streamlined building component of more general application.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Sustaining
airfoils attached to aircraft by such devices as springs,
elastic cables, etc.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Sustaining
airfoils rotatable or capable of being moved in a rotary path
with respect to the aircraft.
(1) Note. For arrangements of autorotating airfoils on
aircraft, including hub structure for permitting
autorotation, see this class, subclasses 17.11+.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter
having the relative arrangements between a plurality of
sustaining airfoils or between one or more airfoils and the
body or fuselage.
(1) Note. The particular shape of individual airfoils is
found in this class, subclass 35.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Arrangements of
sustaining airfoils having provision for altering the
arrangement at will or in response to changing conditions.
(1) Note. Combinations of specific types of variable
arrangement individually classified below, are found in this
subclass.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining
airfoils so arranged that the dihedral angle of the wing
surfaces on opposite sides of the aircraft may be altered at
will or in response to changing conditions.
(1) Note. Continue the search in this class, subclass 38.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining
airfoils so arranged that the angle between their chord line
and the line of thrust of the aircraft may be altered at
will, or in response to changing conditions.
(1) Note. Sustaining airfoils tilting from a horizontal to
a vertical plane together with similarly tilting propellers
to change from an airplane to helicopter operation are found
in this class, subclass 7.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining
airfoils arranged so that they may be folded to require less
space in storage of the aircraft, or for similar purposes.
(1) Note. Airfoils which are folded or otherwise reduced in
area during flight to vary their sustaining effect, are found
in this class, subclass 218.
(2) Note. Airfoil construction to provide for the detaching
of a portion of the airfoil is found in this class, subclass
124.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Special devices not ordinarily used in steering or propelling
in flight, incorporated with aircraft structure and
particularly adapted to provide for steering and/or
propelling the aircraft on land or water or both.
(1) Note. For ordinary propulsion devices, see this class,
subclass 62, and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. For steering by means of brakes either on land or
water, see this class, subclasses 111 and 112.
(3) Note. For ordinary control devices, see this class,
subclass 75, and indented subclasses.
(4) Note. For rudder bars used to control ordinary steering
apparatus and also to control brakes for steering, see this
class, subclass 235.
(5) Note. For composite air and land or water craft, having
the air sustaining means removable for conversion into
operable land or water craft, see this class, subclass 2.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices and arrangements for steering aircraft in flight by
means of the propelling agency.
(1) Note. For propellers used only in steering or
stabilizing, see this class, subclass 92.
(2) Note. For similar devices and arrangements used on
ships, see Class 440, Marine Propulsion, appropriate
subclasses.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices and
arrangements in which the propelling agency is the movement
of restricted masses or jets or air or other fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 228 for reaction motors having means to
modify the thrust direction.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 127.1, 265.23
and 265.33+ for discharge nozzles of reaction motors,
disclosed on aircraft, and having means to vary the direction
of fluid stream discharge for steering the craft.
440, Marine Propulsion, 38, for reaction motors arranged to
both propel and steer ships.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Power
plants or accessories thereto peculiar to aircraft and
incorporated with aircraft structure.
(1) Note. Power plants, per se, are found in Class 60,
Power Plants.
(2) Note. Starters for power plants of aircraft type are
found in Class 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass
179.
(3) Note. Devices for cooling internal combustion engines
by means of air are classified in Class 123,
Internal-Combustion Engines, mainly in subclasses 41.56+,
particularly subclass 41.7. This includes aircraft engine
cowling or enclosure devices to provide for directing a flow
of air against the engine or accessory parts to be cooled,
and include so much of the aircraft structure as necessary to
support the engine, cowling, or enclosure, or to complete the
control of the flow of air through the cowling or enclosure.
Broad recitation in the claims of the relation of the profile
or outline of the cowling or enclosure to that of the
adjacent aircraft structure is not sufficient to exclude the
patent from Class 123, nor will the patent be excluded by
specific recitation of airfoil or airflow characteristics of
the cowling or enclosure.
(4) Note. Impellers combined with a motor are found in
Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers).
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Arrangements
for mounting power plants on aircraft.
(1) Note. This subclass includes mounting arrangements
which permit release and dropping of the motor.
(2) Note. See also Class 248, Supports, subclasses 554+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 291 for a motor vehicle wherein the
motor and the body frame are particularly related to one
another.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. The relative
arrangement between power plants on aircraft or between one
or more power plants and the aircraft.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Aircraft power
plants so arranged that the vertical angle between the line
of thrust developed by the power plant and the horizontal
axis of the aircraft may be varied at will or in response to
changing conditions.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tilting power plants which
carry screw propellers. For tilting propellers alone, see
this class, subclass 66.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter
providing the relative arrangement or mounting of radiators
and analogous devices on aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41.43 for an
internal combustion engine with a movably mounted tank or
radiator.
165, Heat Exchange, 41 for a heat exchanger installed on a
vehicle, and subclass 149 for a radiator with edge cover or
frame means.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices for
developing power either for the purpose of emergency aircraft
propulsion or for assisting in the propulsion or operation of
aircraft.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices and
arrangements for propelling aircraft at high altitudes, and
devices peculiar to aircraft for permitting aircraft to be
propelled to high altitudes.
(1) Note. For super-chargers in general, see Class 123,
Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses 434+.
(2) Note. For garments for aviators providing an oxygen
supply, see Class 128, Surgery, subclass 202.11.
(3) Note. For arrangements providing breathable air and all
sorts of applications, see Class 128, Surgery, subclasses
200.24+.
(4) Note. Search Class 454, Ventilation, subclasses 71+ for
means to automatically maintain the air in aircraft cabins
under pressure and subclasses 76+ for means to circulate air
through aircraft cabins, where characteristics of aircraft
propulsion, sustenation, or details of structure are not
claimed.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Gearing and
other means peculiar to aircraft for transmitting power from
a power plant to a driven element.
(1) Note. For foot pedals, including double pedals, and
their associated mechanism for operating controls and brakes,
see this class, subclass 235.
(2) Note. For gearing in general and other machine elements
and mechanisms, see appropriate subclasses in Class 74,
Machine Element or Mechanism.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Aircraft power
plants adapted to use some part of the sustaining gas or some
other gas peculiarly adapted for airship use as fuel.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices and arrangements for propelling aircraft in flight.
(1) Note. For propellers used only to steer or stabilize
aircraft, see this class, subclass 92.
(2) Note. For reaction motors, per se, capable of
propelling any type of vehicle, see Class 60, Power Plants.
(3) Note. For the combination of a motor driven propeller,
per se, see Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e.,
Impellers), appropriate subclasses.
(4) Note. Devices for cooling internal combustion engines
by means of air are classified in Class 123,
Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses 41.56+, particularly
subclass 41.7. This includes cowling devices for the engines
to provide for directing the cooling air against the engine
parts to provide for directing the cooling air against the
engine parts to be cooled. Combinations of impellers with
driving means are ordinarily classified in Class 416, Fluid
Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), various subclasses but
such combinations with modifications to assist in cooling the
engine are classified in Class 123, subclasses 41.63+.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Devices and
arrangements particularly adapted to assist in the take-off
of aircraft from land or water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for launching of aircraft claiming the combination of a
propulsive and/or lifting aircraft even though the
combination may exist for only a brief period of time such as
may be required to condition the launched aircraft to be
self-sustaining.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion-actuated
expansible chamber-type motors.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, appropriate subclasses,
for mechanical projecting devices, per se, analogous to those
found in this subclass (63).
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 63, for toy gliders combined
with means for projecting them into the air.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Devices and
arrangements for propelling aircraft, operated entirely by
human agency without the assistance of any power plant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 200, and indented subclasses,
for occupant propelled land vehicles.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement
relative to aircraft and the combination with aircraft of
devices using the effect of helical screws rotating in air
for propelling aircraft.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Aircraft screw
propellers so arranged that the vertical angle between their
line of thrust and the horizontal axis of the aircraft may be
varied at will or in response to changing conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for propellers tilting from horizontal to vertical thrust
axes.
51 foror propellers which are adjustable in inclination in
both horizontal and vertical planes for steering
56 for propellers which are adjusted in inclination in a
vertical plane as a result of the tilting of power plants on
which they are mounted.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Aircraft screw
propellers arranged to rotate about the external periphery of
aircraft bodies.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Arrangement of
aircraft screw propellers of the long helix type, in which
the blades extend for substantially a full pitch length or
more along the hub members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for propellers of the type in this subclass (68) arranged
to rotate about the external periphery of some aircraft
body.
73 for propellers of the type in this subclass (68) arranged
in tubes for fluid propulsion.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Fixed or static
aircraft structure arranged to reduce the rotary motion of
the slip-stream of screw propellers on aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, 66, for similar arrangements of
marine propellers.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement
relative to aircraft and the use on aircraft of devices using
the thrust developed by rotating paddle wheels for propelling
aircraft.
(1) Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses 9,
19, 20, and 27.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement
relative to aircraft and the combination with aircraft of
devices using the thrust developed by elements moving back
and forth over substantially the same path for propelling
aircraft. These elements usually have provision for reducing
their resistance to motion in one direction.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Devices and
their arrangement relative to aircraft for using the thrust
produced by flapping wings for propelling aircraft.
(1) Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses 11,
22 and 28.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement
relative to aircraft and the combination with aircraft of
devices using the reaction to the movement of restricted
masses or jets of air or other fluid for propelling
aircraft.
(1) Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses
12.1+, 15, 23, and 29.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 200.1 for reaction motors, per se.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 127.1 and
265.11+ for the discharge nozzle subcombination of a reaction
motor.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. The
arrangements and use of devices in which the jet of air or
other fluid is produced by an explosion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 200.1 for reaction motors, per se.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 127.1 and
265.11+ for the discharge nozzle subcombination of a reaction
motor.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices and arrangements directed to and limited to the
controlling of aircraft in flight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 through 33, for general arrangement of control systems on
aeronautical machines of a particular type.
50 110+, for aircraft steering on land or water.
51 for aircraft steering by adjustment of propelling
devices.
52 for steering of fluid propelled aircraft by some
modification of the fluid propelling devices.
96 for control systems and devices peculiar to
lighter-than-air craft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 501.5, for
constant tension sustaining devices for flexible cable
operators.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for fluid servo-motors and controls therefor.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for drop bombs
with means for controlling the course of their flight.
114, Ships, subclass 21.1 and 23+ for torpedoes with means
to control the steering and/or motion of the torpedo, and
subclass 25 for torpedoes with automatic means to keep the
torpedo at a predetermined depth below the surface, and
subclasses 144+ for miscellaneous devices for controlling the
direction and/or speed of a ship.
180, Motor Vehicles, 167 for a motor vehicle provided with
means for controlling its operation which is responsive to
electromagnetic radiation, magnetic force, or sound waves
received from a source, or reflected from an object or
surface, which is located apart from the vehicle; and
subclasses 170+ for a motor vehicle provided with means which
is responsive to the speed of the vehicle for maintaining its
speed at, or preventing it from exceeding, a particular
value.
280, Land Vehicles, 263 and 771+ for miscellaneous steering
mechanism for land vehicles.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for electric motor systems. See the Notes to 175
of Class 244 for the line between this class and Class 318.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for generic data processing
control systems.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for computing systems for vehicle control or
vehicle condition indication and subclasses 200+ for
computations in the application of navigation.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 8 for mathematical
simulation of a vehicle.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Devices and
systems for automatically controlling aircraft along a
predetermined course or in response to changing conditions.
This includes aircraft arranged to automatically maintain
stable equilibrium.
(1) Note. For similar subject matter for controlling
missiles continue the search in this class, subclasses 3.1+.
(2) Note. These are the generic subclasses for the steering
of dirigible craft automatically in two or three dimensions.
See subclass 175 for a statement as to the line between the
various vehicle and motor classes and for the classes which
provide for electrically controlled or actuated steering for
mobile craft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 178 for navigating instruments in
general where no control of the craft is involved.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for fluid servo-motors and controls therefor.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for drop bombs
having automatic means for controlling the course of their
flight.
114, Ships, subclass 21.1 and 23+ for torpedoes with
automatically actuated steering mechanism; see subclass 24
where the control mechanism includes a gyroscope, and
subclasses 144+ for miscellaneous devices, including the
automatically actuated devices for changing the direction or
speed of a ship.
180, Motor Vehicles, 167 and 170+ as explained in the
reference to that class (180) appearing in subclass 75
above.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for generic data processing
control systems.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for computing systems for vehicle control or
vehicle condition indication and subclasses 200+ for
computations in the application of navigation.
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 8 for mathematical
simulation of a vehicle.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Systems for
automatically controlling aircraft by means of hydraulic or
pneumatic apparatus.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Systems for
automatically controlling aircraft, operated in response to
the action of a gyroscope.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 24, for similar systems on torpedoes.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Systems for
automatically controlling aircraft, operated in response to
the action of a pendulous weight or analogous device.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Devices and
arrangements for operating aircraft control systems in
response to conditions peculiar to the landing of aircraft,
as, for example, the contact of some member with the ground
or water.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Devices and
arrangements for operating aircraft control systems
automatically in response to variations in air forces on vane
members.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Auxiliary
airfoils and their arrangements with respect to each other or
to fixed portions of aircraft, for steering and stabilizing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for fixed stabilizing fins.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Rudders mounted
for movement about a plurality of axes.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Horizontal
rudders arranged at both the front and the rear of aircraft.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Devices for
controlling aircraft about their horizontal fore-and-aft
axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for variable lift devices arranged to act also as roll
control devices.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. The arrangement
of vertical surfaces with respect to aircraft, for
stabilizing purposes. These surfaces are usually fixed.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Auxiliary
propellers on aircraft for steering or stabilizing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for main thrust propellers used also to steer.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Movable or
variable weights on aircraft for steering or stabilizing.
(1) Note. In this subclass the weights themselves are the
controlling agencies. For pendulous weights connected to
operate control members, see the search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for pendulous weights connected to operate control
members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 124 for shifting weights on ships.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Arrangements
for the storage and release of heavy material on aircraft for
controlling relative buoyancy or stability.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices on
aircraft for producing heavy material for ballast purposes.
An example is the production of water-ballast from exhaust
gases to replace the weight of fuel used.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Control devices
and arrangements particularly adapted to use on
lighter-than-air craft.
(1) Note. For control systems and devices applicable to
aircraft generally, search must be made in this class,
subclass 75, and indented subclasses.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Devices and
arrangements for controlling lighter-than-air craft by
changing the buoyancy of all or part of the craft with
respect to the surrounding air.
(1) Note. Devices for compressing or expanding one or more
gas cells to alter their buoyancy, are found in this
subclass.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Devices and
arrangements for inflating the buoyant gas containers of
lighter-than-air craft.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Devices and
arrangements for releasing the buoyant gas from
lighter-than-air craft.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices and structural arrangements attached to aircraft for
supporting the aircraft on the surface of the land or water
and for taking the shock of landing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel
substitutes. Class 305 takes wheel substitute landing gear
where no aircraft structure is claimed, or where only a
nominal relationship between the aircraft and landing gear is
claimed.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear
designed to permit aircraft to land on either land or water
at will. This includes landing gear having one type
retractable to permit use of the other type.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear
movable from an operative position to one in which it offers
less resistance to flight.
(1) Note. For landing gear retractable to permit use of
another type of landing gear, the search must be continued in
this class, subclass 101.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear
using wheels to support aircraft on the surface of the
ground. This subclass also includes mountings for wheels and
accessory devices, such as protecting fairings and
arrangements to cause the wheels to be rotating when they
strike the ground.
(1) Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses 101
and 102.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Devices
mounted on such devices as springs or other shock absorbing
members which reduce the shock of landing.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear
for use on water.
(1) Note. For float and pontoon construction, per se, see
Class 114, Ships, subclass 292.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Water landing
gear, part of which serves also as the passenger carrying
body.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices for
aircraft not ordinarily capable of landing on water to permit
safe landing on water in emergency.
(1) Note. Detachable lifeboats attached to aircraft for
emergency use after landing on water are found in this class,
subclass 1.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear
using sliding surfaces for the ground-contacting members.
(1) Note. For skids used only to support the tail of
aircraft, see this class, subclass 109.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Devices and
structural arrangements for supporting the tail of aircraft
in landing and on the surface of the land or water.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for slowing the progress of aircraft or for holding
or restraining them from movement.
(1) Note. this subclass includes also devices separate from
the aircraft for retarding or restraining the aircraft. The
search for external retarding or arresting mechanism should
be continued in this class, subclass 63, for devices intended
primarily to launch but usable also to retard.
(2) Note. For devices retarding the progress of water
supporting member through the water, see Class 114, Ships,
subclass 145.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Arrangement of
devices for retarding the rotation of the landing wheels.
(1) Note. For operating mechanism for wheel brakes,
operated from the rudder pedals or from pedals attached to or
adjacent the rudder pedals, see this class, subclass 235.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Arrangement of
devices for retarding the progress of aircraft on water
during landing.
(1) Note. For similar devices on ships, see Class 114,
Ships, subclass 145.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Devices for
retarding the progress of aircraft through the air.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Arrangements of fields, runways or platforms to receive
aircraft in landing and to provide handling accommodations
for aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 217 for
ground indicia for aeroplanes.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses, particularly 64 and 86+ for a building which may
house aircraft.
114, Ships, subclass 261 for ships and other floating
structures particularly arranged to receive aircraft in
landing or to transport or harbor them, as well as appliances
and accessories peculiar to such ships and structures.
181, Acoustics, subclass 210 for sound absorbing fences or
screens used in deflecting, absorbing, or directing sound
waves.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 33 and 350+ for systems of
directive beams of radio energy for guiding aircraft to their
landing fields.
414, Material or Article Handling, 227 for means for
charging or discharging a parking facility for a wheeled
vehicle.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Devices for
securing aircraft to some structure or station on land or
water.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Devices for
securing aircraft to some movable structure or station on the
land or water.
(1) Note. Arrangements for securing one aircraft to another
during flight are found in this class, subclass 2.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous aircraft construction not provided for in
subclasses indented hereunder. This subclass includes the
combination construction of body and wings on aircraft and
the connection between body and wings. Loud speakers forming
a part of the aircraft structure are classified here.
(1) Note. Hub construction for autorotating wings is found
in this class, subclasses 17.11+.
(2) Note. For float and pontoon construction, per se, see
Class 114, Ships, subclass 292.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 116 for
such a product embodying a honeycomb-like component.
Subclass:
118.1
Load accommodation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure
particularly designed to improve the efficiency with which
cargo, or a like load, is carried.
(1) Note. A load which is like cargo includes a projectile
on military aircraft, another aircraft, equipment such as a
camera, or the like; the invention being limited to carrying
efficiency.
(2) Note. The original of the document to an invention to
aircraft provided with, or convertible to accommodation of
both cargo and personnel (passengers or crew) will be placed
in this locus (subclasses 118.1+) and should be
cross-referenced in subclasses 118.5+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.1 for cargo loading and unloading means exclusively for
aircraft, regardless of the features also, and frequently
necessarily involved in the subject matter of the instant and
superior subclasses (118.1+)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 61 for a refrigeration system in
a vehicle, such as aircraft, effective by utilizing the
motion of the vehicle; see, too, subclasses 239+ for other
refrigeration systems with a vehicle feature.
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, appropriate
subclass for freight load accommodation of such general
utility as to be not necessarily restricted to such a single
type of freight carrier as an aircraft, even though the
disclosure is limited to such single use; e.g., retainer
structure for such a load bearer as a container is provided
for under 77. See, too, the class definition and notes
therein for more precise and more detailed definition of
freight accommodation that is required and detailed in the
instant class (244) subclass 118.1 which is broad enough to
include mere cargo plane construction.
Subclass:
118.2
Removable load bearing, airframe section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.1. Structure
which, in flight, is an integral part of the aircraft body
and is further useful as a load container; i.e., which is of
a cubic capacity to define an entity comprising (a) wall
structure which complements or adds to the aircraft exterior
configuration, and (b) includes a volumetric capacity inward
thereof to contain a load; the entity being attachable to and
separable from the remainder of the aircraft body together
with the load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for an aircraft having body section which is releasable
for operation as a land vehicle.
135 for an aircraft with externally mounted (e.g., wing-tip
mounted) fuel tanks.
Subclass:
118.3
Airframe wall displaceable to function as ramp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.5. Structure
comprising panel means attached to the aircraft body to
complement the in-flight external contour thereof and
movable, on ground, relative to the remainder of the body, to
a position whereat the distal edge of the panel means extends
outwardly of said remainder and contacts the ground for
introduction and removal of persons or a load into or out of
the aircraft interior.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, subclass 6
for a freight carrier (usually a rail car), a side of which
swings down to convert to a ramp onto which a vehicle, as an
article of freight, is rolled or placed and to which the
vehicle is secured so that when re-erected, the wall retains
the vehicle within the freight carrier for haulage; and
subclass 93 for a dropside (usually rail) car, a side section
of which is tilted so as to convert to a ramp for freight
loading.
Subclass:
118.5
Passenger or crew accommodation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure
particularly designed to improve the convenience or
efficiency with which passengers or flight personnel are
carried.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.2 for a device or arrangement designed to permit
aircraft passengers to be taken on board or discharged, that
subclass (137.2) being the applicable locus regardless of the
presence of the passenger-carrying features also, and
frequently necessarily likewise involved, which latter
feature is subject matter for the instant and superior
subclasses (118.5+).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 239 for a refrigeration system with such
a vehicle feature as the cooling of the occupant space.
Subclass:
118.6
Seating arrangement berth or berthage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.5. Structure in
which the convenience or efficiency in carrying persons is
enhanced (a) by the structure or arrangement of interior
furnishing by which a person may be seated or may recline, or
(b) by interior aids or amenities attached to or directed
toward such furnishing or arrangement; e.g., attached or
attachable dining service structure, particularly focused
lighting or ventilation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.5 principal subclass, for interior aids or amenities
directed toward cabin space rather than focused on the
individual seat or berth or arrangement thereof.
122 for details of the structure of an aircraft seat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, 9 for berth or bunk structure.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Construction
of aircraft bodies or fuselages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for a static structure of general application even
though the claims recite "In an airplane" or the like.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Construction
of aircraft bodies or fuselages which are made up in a
plurality of separate sections and attached together.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Devices for
protecting persons in or near aircraft from danger or
inconvenience.
(1) Note. This subclass includes propeller guards,
windshields, crash pads, armor, etc., where they are
essential parts of aircraft structure.
(2) Note. For armor attached to an otherwise complete
aircraft, the search should be continued in Class 89,
Ordnance, subclass 36, and see the notes to the definition of
such subclasses.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Seats peculiar
to aircraft and devices for holding the occupant to their
seats.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.6 for an arrangement or layout of seating on an
aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion-actuated
expansible chamber-type motors.
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 770 for tethering a human
being and subclass 771 for a tether attached to a vehicle;
see search notes of these subclasses for further field of
search.
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses, for seats of
general utility, particularly 464, and especially subclasses
468+, for a seat combined with a restraining harness and not
involving significant aircraft structure nor parachute
arrangement.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Construction
of airfoil elements.
(1) Note. For the shape and arrangement of sustaining
airfoils with relation to the machine, see this class,
subclass 35, and indented subclasses.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Construction
of airfoil elements which are made up in a plurality of
separate sections and attached together.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Construction
of hull and internal structure of lighter-than-air craft.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Construction
of the outer surface or skin of lighter-than-air craft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 175, 190,
193, and 196+ for such a product embodying mechanically
interengaged strands or strand-portions.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Devices and
structural arrangements for attaching gondolas and other
loads to lighter-than-air craft.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Construction
and arrangements of gas-containing units in lighter-than-air
craft.
(1) Note. Devices for compressing or expanding one or more
gas cells to alter their buoyancy are found in this class,
subclass 97.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 175, 190,
193, and 196+ for such a product embodying mechanically
interengaged strands or strand-portions.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric.
Subclass:
129.1
Details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus
comprising miscellaneous structural parts or members peculiar
to aircraft and forming part of an airplane construction not
otherwise classified.
Subclass:
129.2
Fire prevention devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus
wherein the aircraft comprises incendiary deterrent means for
at least minimizing the probability of an incendiary action
occurring either I, in the normal use of the aircraft, or II,
at the time of a crash or other sensed condition whereby to
inhibit an incendiary action on or about the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 62 for fire extinguishing
systems on vehicles which may also include fire-preventative
means.
Subclass:
129.3
Windows:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus
wherein the miscellaneous aircraft part comprises a
transparent panel or closure for covering or otherwise
closing an opening in a body surface of the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for aircraft canopies.
Subclass:
129.4
Closures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus
wherein the miscellaneous aircraft part comprises either a
removable or movable partition or panel member for opening
and closing an entranceway or other opening on the aircraft.
Subclass:
129.5
Door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.4. Apparatus
wherein the part comprises a partition or panel forming a
significant external surface portion of the aircraft and
movable to allow movement of cargo, passengers, etc.,
therepast.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.1 and 119, for a doorway interconnecting plural
compartments in an aircraft.
Subclass:
129.6
Steps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus
wherein the aircraft part comprises stair or other foothold
means for ascent or descent from one level to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129.5 for stair means combined with door structure.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Devices and
structural arrangements for reducing the resistance of
aircraft or aircraft elements to motion through the air.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Joints and
connections peculiar to aircraft or incorporated with
aircraft structure.
(1) Note. For joints and connections in general, see Class
403, Joints and Connections.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Devices and
arrangements for fastening the skin or covering of aircraft
elements to the framework or internal structure.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1.
Miscellaneous materials peculiarly adapted to aircraft
construction or incorporated with other aircraft structure.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Devices and
arrangements for preventing the formation of ice on the
exposed surfaces of aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 704 for
antennas with an ice clearer or preventer.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Arrangements
for storing and feeding fuel on aircraft, or for supplying
fuel to or removing fuel from aircraft.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Arrangements
of aircraft structure to provide for the discharging or
diffusing of material in the air.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 213 for
skywriting devices, and subclass 216 for pamphlet
distributing devices from aircraft.
89, Ordnance, 1.51, for bomb dropping devices.
Subclass:
137.1
Passenger or cargo loading or discharging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Device or
arrangement for permitting a living being or goods to be
taken aboard or removed from aircraft.
(1) Note. This is the generic subclass for patents, not
otherwise classifiable, relating to the loading or unloading
of aircraft, including the mere dumping of a load from the
aircraft, whether in flight or not in flight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for means whereby an aircraft in flight may pick up or
release another aircraft, including gliders, singly or in
trains.
115 for loading or unloading means associated with mooring
devices.
118.1 and 118.5+, for aircraft structure designed to improve
the efficiency for transporting cargo or people,
respectively, absent detail or arrangement for loading or
unloading or discharge thereof.
135 for supplying fuel to or discharging fuel from an
aircraft in flight.
136 for discharging and diffusing material in air from
aircraft in flight.
138 for parachutes or other devices, either, per se, or in
combination with aircraft structure, for safely lowering
persons, cargo, or aircraft structure to the ground.
905 for an inflatable evacuation slide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 1.5 for bomb, flare, and signal
dropping.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, 137 for a body
catcher.
258, Railway Mail Delivery, 1.2 for means, other than mere
dumping, for transferring a load to or from an aircraft in
flight, and other subclasses for transferring objects to and
from moving vehicles in general.
414, Material or Article Handling, various subclasses for the
loading or unloading, in general, of vehicles, and
particularly 373 for the combination of a load-transporting
type vehicle and an external means cooperating in the loading
or unloading of the vehicle (except that this subclass
(137.1) is proper if the claims make it clear that the
vehicle structure with which the means cooperates is
structure which is peculiar to a vehicle of the aircraft
type) and see also subclasses 467+ for a self-loading or
unloading vehicle (except that this subclass (137.1) is
proper if the disclosure relates solely to a vehicle of the
aircraft type).
Subclass:
137.2
Passenger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1. Device or
arrangement wherein a living being may be taken aboard or
removed from the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.5 for aircraft structure designed to improve the
efficiency of transporting passengers, absent detail or
arrangement for loading, or unloading or discharge thereof.
905 for an inflatable evacuation slide.
Subclass:
137.3
Aerial cargo unloading by parachute extraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1. Device or
arrangement whereby goods are withdrawn in flight by an
umbrella-like canopy, i.e., parachute-type device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for parachutes or other devices, either, per se, or in
combination with aircraft structure wherein features for
safely lowering persons, cargo, or aircraft structure to the
ground are claimed.
Subclass:
137.4
Releasable, external mounted cargo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1. Device or
arrangement whereby cargo is attached to the external surface
of the aircraft, e.g., the fuselage or wings, for
transportation thereby until set free, i.e., released.
(1) Note. The aircraft may or may not be in flight when the
cargo is released.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, particularly subclass 1.5 for bomb, flare, or
signal dropping.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly
83 for a hoist-line or grab hook adapted for releasing a
load.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for safely lowering persons, cargo or aircraft
structure to the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.1 and see the notes thereto for loading and unloading of
aircraft in general when no safety lowering features are
claimed.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices for
safely lowering entire aircraft to the ground.
(1) Note. For lowering a plurality of aircraft parts
separately, see this class, subclass 138.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices for
safely lowering the passenger compartments of aircraft to the
ground.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Devices
attached to aircraft seats for safely lowering the occupants
thereof to the ground.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices having
umbrella-like canopies of such area that their resistance to
motion through the air will cause persons or objects attached
to them to be lowered slowly to the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for balloons with parachutes.
113 for parachutes to retard an aircraft during flight.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 386 for drop bombs with
parachute retarding means, and subclasses 337+, for parachute
flares.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 49, for toy parachutes.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Parachutes
attached to garments to be worn by occupants of aircraft.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Conventional
aircraft elements convertible in emergency to structure
acting as parachutes.
(1) Note. For balloons acting as parachutes when deflated,
search this class, subclass 32.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Details of
construction of parachute canopies.
(1) Note. Means for attaching shroud lines to canopies are
found in this subclass.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Parachutes
having hollow bracing members which are inflated to cause the
parachutes to open or to hold them open.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices and
arrangements for storing parachutes in containers or
compartments on aircraft and for releasing or expelling them
therefrom.
(1) Note. This search may be continued in this class,
subclass 139, where storage and release of parachutes
designed to lower the entire aircraft to the ground will be
found.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion-actuated
expansible chamber-type motors.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Devices and
arrangements for storing parachutes in containers designed to
be carried entirely on the person of the user, and for
releasing or expelling parachutes from such containers.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Devices for
opening or assisting in the opening of parachutes.
(1) Note. For bracing members inflated to open parachutes,
see this class, subclass 146.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Devices for
causing parachutes to open at the expiration of some
predetermined time.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices for
attaching parachutes to the person or objects to be lowered.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 770 for tethering a human
being; see search notes for further field of search.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices for
controlling the speed or direction of descent of parachutes.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices connected by a string or cord to a remote point and
sustained by relative movement of air past surfaces.
(1) Note. Kites containing buoyant gas to provide
additional sustentation are found in this class, subclass
33.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Kites having
the appearance of airplanes.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Devices not a
part of the kite structure to be operated in connection with
kites.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter s comprising a machine or structure especially
designed for travel in the upper reaches of and/or beyond the
atmosphere of a celestial body, (e.g., earth).
(1) Note. By upper reaches of earth's atmosphere is meant
the height at or beyond which the atmosphere is incapable of
providing (1) lift or sustention to a winged or other
aircraft or (2) sufficient oxygen for operating the
propulsion system of an aircraft.
(2) Note. A machine or structure (manned or unmanned) which
is (1) disclosed as a body which is to be placed in orbit
(i.e., satellite) about a celestial body (e.g., earth) or (2)
solely disclosed as a vehicle for use in outer space travel
is considered proper for classification here.
(3) Note. Here are structures to control the heat on all or
part of a vehicle caused by the resistance to a vehicle
moving through the earth's atmosphere. A structure in the
form of a coating or layer on the whole or a part of the
surface of a vehicle in itself is not proper for this
subclass. A heat control device claimed merely in terms of
the composition or material of which it is composed is
classified in an appropriate composition or material class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 and the subclasses indented thereunder for missiles that
may travel in the upper reaches of and/or beyond the earth's
atmosphere and see the search notes thereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, especially subclass 315 for a porous wall
connected to a fluid coolant supply.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, 374 for a missile or payload
and an attached reaction motor; and subclasses 501+ for a
projectile.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 45 for ablating
compositions in a tube or nozzle portion.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for particular method or apparatus for
making a laminated ablating surface.
165, Heat Exchange, 1 for heat exchange processes; subclass
41 for heat exchange with a vehicle feature; and subclass 61
for heating and cooling the same material.
220, Receptacles, especially 2.1 for containers enclosing an
electrical device; and subclasses 581+ for high pressure
containers.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, especially
subclass 265.15 for a nozzle with ablating surface.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 238 for a heat shield covering
a heat-seeking detector.
252, Compositions, subclass 62 for heat-insulating
compositions; and subclasses 67+ for compositions involving
refrigeration, heat, or energy exchange including
vaporization or expansion of material.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclass 872 for
missile nose cones used as a housing or covering for a radar
antenna.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 116 for
honeycomb-like structure.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
ceramic compositions.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 226 for mathematical computations of
space craft orbits or paths. Note, where significant vehicle
structure is recited, classification is in the appropriate
vehicle class.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
wherein the machine or structure is orbitally maintained in
the upper reaches of or beyond the earth's atmosphere to
which other machine or structures may rendezvous and lock and
subsequently be launched therefrom.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
wherein the machine or structure is provided with control
means enabling return of the machine or structure to the
surface of the earth.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus
wherein the machine or structure includes means whereby it
may be brought either into proximity to or fixed engagement
with complimentary means on another machine or structure
traveling in upper reaches or and/or beyond the atmosphere of
a celestial body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for a train comprising tandemly attached composite
aircraft having means for retracting and docking.
135 for aircraft refueling mechanism having a probe and
drogue assembly.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus
wherein the machine or structure includes a life support
system for a person or other living sentient being.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, 2.11 for an astronaut's body covering.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 244 and 259.+ for refrigeration
of either an occupant type vehicle or a space suit
respectively.
128, Surgery, 201.22 or diving suits or helmets equipped
with means to supply air or oxygen.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for fluid
handling systems.
165, Heat Exchange, especially 41 wherein a vehicle feature
is included.
237, Heating Systems, appropriate subclasses.
454, Ventilation, subclass 71 for pressure maintenance of an
aircraft.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Apparatus
wherein the life support system for the machine or structure
comprises means for sustaining, preserving, protecting or
otherwise enhancing the life or the living conditions
respectively of the person or living sentient being.
(1) Note. The means may include temperature control
devices, oxygen systems, waste management, shields for
radiation or heat, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for heat shields for aircraft.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
wherein the machine or structure includes regulatory means
for either maintaining or correcting its position or attitude
either at or to a desired setting respectively as it moves in
the upper reaches of and/or beyond the atmosphere of a
celestial body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.15 for automatic guidance for missile stabilization and
guidance control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 178 for navigation and
see the search notes in the definition thereto.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 580 for servo
systems for vehicular guidance with single axis control.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for computing systems in the application of
vehicle control.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
wherein the regulatory means comprises a rotating body of
stabilizing or fixedly maintaining an attitude of the machine
or structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.2 for inertial missile stabilization or trajectory
control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for gyroscopes, per se.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
wherein the regulatory means comprises a magnetic device for
generating a controlling or damping magnetic force to
interact with either the magnetic field of a celestial body,
e.g., earth, or a structure of or a structure mounted on the
machine for stabilizing or fixedly maintaining an attitude of
the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 93,
for rotary torque transmitting magnetic clutches or brakes.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
provided with means utilizing gravitational force to dampen
spin or other undesired movement for stabilizing and/or
maintaining the machine or structure either in a desired
attitude, per se, or with respect to a celestial body.
(1) Note. Despin weights for space craft are considered
proper subject matter for classification here.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
provided with means utilizing incident radiant energy from
the sun or other similar celestial body for maintaining the
machine or structure in a desired attitude.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for
solar panels or photoelectric panels, per se.
250, Radiant Energy, 203.1, for circuits and apparatus
including photo cells for following a point, e.g., star.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
provided with propelling nozzle or like means exhausting a
pressurized medium, e.g., fluids, ions, etc., for imparting a
controlled force to the machine or structure for adjusting
either the flight attitude or the flight path thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for aircraft steered by fluid jet propulsion.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
provided with means for diminishing the effect of gyratory,
unbalancing forces about the spin axis of the machine or
structure to eliminate wobbling or nodding thereof whereby to
stabilize and/or maintain the spin axis of the machine or
structure in a desired attitude.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 5.5 for damping
means for gyroscope control.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus
provided with means for sensing the in-flight position of the
machine or structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.16 for automatic guidance for missile stabilization and
guidance control using optical means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 178 for navigation and see the
search notes in the definition thereto.
250, Radiant Energy, 203.1 for circuits and apparatus for
following a point, e.g., star.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
wherein there is provided means to cause motion of the
machine or structure to which it is attached.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 and 62, for engine structure which may have utility in a
spacecraft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for the combination
of a propulsion device of that class and a vehicular device
wherein no significant structure of the vehicle is claimed
and see the notes and search notes 200.1+ in subclass for
further clarification of the line between these classes.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
provided with a member having a surface portion for receiving
incident light, the energy of which being converted to
another energy form, e.g., electrical.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for
solar panels or photoelectric batteries, per se.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. System for
automatically controlling aircraft by means of electrical
apparatus.
(1) Note. This is the generic subclass for the steering of
dirigible craft automatically in two or three dimensions by
means of electrical apparatus. Where significant structure
of the ship, aircraft, or other vehicle is claimed, the
patent is classified in the class providing for the
particular craft. See the classes referred to under "SEARCH
CLASS" below. Where no significant structure of the craft is
claimed, and the rudder, ailerons, or other steering means is
recited in the claims by name only, the patents which claim
or disclose a motor for actuating the steering means are
classified in accordance with the principles set forth in the
following sections. It should be noted that where a motor
control system and the device controlled by the motor is
claimed, but the motor is not specifically recited in the
claims or is recited only as a motor, the patent is
classified in the motor class which provides for the type of
motor disclosed. That is, if the system discloses that an
electric motor is used to actuate the steering control
device, the patent will be classified in Class 318,
Electricity: Motive Power Systems. Where the patent
discloses that either a nonelectric motor or an electric
motor may be used to actuate the steering device, and the
claims are not limited in any way to any particular type of
motor, the patent is classified in the electric motor class.
Note the following: (a) if the claims specify that two
different craft control devices are controlled, even though
the control devices are recited by name only (e.g., as rudder
and elevator), the patent is excluded from the motor class
and will be classified in this or the other appropriate craft
class; (b) the nonelectric motor classes will provide for the
combination of a motor controlling a single steering means
recited by name only where no significant structure of the
craft is recited and where no subject matter is claimed which
limits the invention to use with a moving craft. Examples of
subject matter considered to limit the invention to use with
a moving craft are movable sensing means to be directed upon
a target or in a reference direction, as a scanning antenna
or photocell for determining the proper direction of steering
with respect to the target or reference direction, or means
responsive to a condition to maintain the craft upon a
course, as a gyroscopic device. Mere remote control of the
craft by transmitted energy (e.g., radio) where the control
function is manually selected at the control station is not
in itself considered to limit the invention to use with a
moving craft; (c) Class 318, Electricity: Motive Power
Systems, provides for electric motor systems where one or
more electric motors are controlled. Class 318, provides for
electric motor controlled steering within the limitations of
the paragraphs above even though subject matter is claimed
which limits the invention to use with a moving device. For
example, the mere inclusion of a movable antenna which is to
be directed in a reference direction for determining the
proper heading of the craft with respect to a fixed point
will not exclude the patent from Class 318; (d) the above
lines apply to systems using radiant energy (e.g., radio) to
control the motor. Class 340, Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 825.69 and 825.72 provide only for radiant energy
systems for controlling devices other than radiant energy
signaling devices where the device is so broadly recited as
to form no basis of classification in any other class. An
apparent exception should be noted with respect to Class 343,
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, in the systems which
include a vehicle having a directional antenna fixed with
respect to the vehicle so that as the vehicle is turned the
directional antenna is also turned. These systems will be
classified in Class 343, (see subclasses 711+ especially)
irrespective of whether or not significant motor system,
motor steering means or craft structure is claimed if the
ultimate function of the apparatus can be construed as merely
orienting a directional antenna by automatic means. If the
directional antenna is movably mounted on the craft, and the
craft also has gyroscopic means to maintain the craft upon a
course, the system will not be classified in Class 343, but
will be classified according to (b) and (c) above, as the
craft is not controlled solely by radiant energy, but is
controlled by two different sensing means, (i.e., the
gyroscope and the radiant energy control means).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 for trajectory control or stabilizing means for
missiles
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 328 for an altitude indicator
usable in an aircraft.
60, Power Plants, 698 for work producing systems having
plural motors or having diverse types of energy input.
73, Measuring and Testing, 178 for a navigation instrument.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for expansible chamber motors and controls therefor, and see
particularly 361 and 459 for those involving electrical
control, and subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible
chamber motors.
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 for drop bombs
having control means, including electrical controls for
controlling the source of flight.
114, Ships, subclass 21.1, for torpedoes controlled from a
remote station means involving electrical circuits, and
subclasses 23+ for torpedoes with automatic control of the
steering which include electrical circuits, and subclasses
144+ for the miscellaneous automatically controlled steering
or speed control of ships. See (2) Note, above.
180, Motor Vehicles, 167 as explained in the reference to
that class (180) appearing in subclass 75 above.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, subclass 4, 7, 29+, and
189 for railway train control and signaling systems utilizing
radiant energy.
250, Radiant Energy, 200 and the classes and subclasses
specified in the notes thereto for photosensitive electrical
circuits.
280, Land Vehicles, 263 and 771+ for miscellaneous steering
mechanism for land vehicles.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for electric motor systems. See (2) Note, above.
See subclass 16 where the motor is supplied or controlled by
space transmitted electrical energy (e.g., radio). See
subclasses 34+ for the plural motor systems (see (2) Note,
above). See subclass 445 and the subclasses specified in the
notes thereto for the automatically controlled motor systems,
note subclass 460 where the automatic means responds to sound
or mechanical vibrations, subclass 480 where the automatic
means responds to light or radiant energy other than
electrical waves, subclass 481 where the automatic means
responds to fluid pressure, subclasses 648+ where the
automatic means responds to direction, inclination angular
position or to a change thereof, subclasses 561+ for adaptive
or optimizing systems, subclasses 563+ for protective or
reliability increasing features including fail-safe systems,
redundant systems, monitoring systems and maneuver or force
limiting systems, subclasses 580+ for all types of single
axis vehicular guidance, subclass 591 for multiple mode
systems, e.g., manual to automatic, subclass 624 for dead
band compensation, and subclasses 638+ for serve-mechanisms
with particular error detectors responsive to a wide variety
of conditions pertinent of this search.
340, Communications: Electrical, 945, for communication
involving aircraft condition, and subclasses 825.69 and
825.72 for the use of radio to control a device other than a
communication device.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 3 for a calculator for vehicle control or
condition indication.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the aircraft is capable of movement outside of earth's
atmosphere as well as flight there within, and wherein such
movement or flight is regulated by governing the direction or
action of propulsive units on the aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 for control of a missile.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the aircraft is governed in a condition of preset and uniform
flight relative to its course, its altitude and its
disposition with respect to the horizon, in order to maintain
uniform flight.
(1) Note. The flight of the aircraft can be uniform with
respect to its pitch, or its roll or yaw, or its level
light.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. System wherein
the path of uniform flight is maintained by governing the
position, or directing the movement, of auxiliary surfaces on
airfoils, which auxiliary surfaces modify the sustaining or
controlling characteristics of the airfoil.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. System wherein
the path of uniform flight is governed by altering the
angular orientation of the aircraft about an axis extending
along the direction of movement thereof when such alteration
is needed to maintain the altered course.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the path of flight of the aircraft is altered from a first
height to a second height above ground level.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. System wherein
the height is governed by altering the inclination of the
aircraft relative to ground level.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. System wherein
the height is governed by altering the forward rate of
movement of the aircraft.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the path of flight is that which leads the aircraft in a
direction towards its intended destination on the ground
along a desired glide path line which is a line inclined to
the horizontal and intersecting the destination.
(1) Note. Control of aircraft take off involves functions
different from those for landing. For a system including the
measuring of conditions required for take off, see Class 73,
Measuring and Testing, subclass 178, and for a system
including the calculation of a signal for take off, see Class
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 15.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclasses 16-18 for data processing indication
or control of landing.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. System wherein
the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation relative to
its glide path, is changed from right to left or vice versa,
the change occurring in an inclined plane; the inclined plane
being one wherein two lines intersect, one of the lines being
a horizontal line and the other line being said inclined
glide path line of subclass 183.
(1) Note. Included herein is a system wherein the deviation
of an aircraft relative to its landing path is detected by a
remote radio signal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for a system wherein the deviation of an aircraft
relative to its flight path is detected by a remote radio
signal and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. System wherein
the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation relative to
its glide path, is changed from right to left as defined in
subclass 184 and is also changed in a vertical plane as
defined in subclass 186.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. System wherein
the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation relative to
its glide path, is changed from an actual glide path line to
a desired glide path line to obtain the desired glide path,
the change occurring in a vertical plane; the vertical plane
being one that is perpendicular to the ground, extending in
the direction of landing and coextensive with both said
lines.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. System wherein
the direction of the aircraft during landing is changed from
a first path to a second path, the first path being inclined
to the ground and the second path being parallel to and close
to the ground, the change being responsive to a sensing of
the altitude of the aircraft to cause a change of inclination
of the aircraft.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. System wherein
the direction of the aircraft is changed from a first
inclination to a second inclination relative to ground level,
such change being accomplished by varying the speed of the
aircraft in response to a throttle adjustment.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the path of flight is governed by means in the aircraft
responsive to electromagnetic waves transmitted from a
distant generator of such waves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for a system controlled by a remote radio signal to
control steering or yaw.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 167 as explained in the reference to
that class (180) appearing in subclass 75 above.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. System wherein
the path of flight of an aircraft having no pilot therein is
governed.
(1) Note. The usual aircraft system of this subclass
controls an airplane that is capable of carrying cargo but is
not manned by a pilot, or an airplane that is configured
similarly to such an aircraft but sized to a smaller scale,
e.g., a "model" airplane.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System which
governs the aircraft in response to a rate of change in speed
thereof.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
the aircraft is governed by a command or control signal, and
the aircraft temporarily flies in a condition in which it
receives a null or minimal signal, and wherein the aircraft
has no finite control signal applied thereto during the
temporary period or minimal signal, in spite of which the
aircraft continues to fly by its own mechanism.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are systems wherein the
signal is generated by, for example, a remote radio, a
gyroscope or an accelerometer.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein
an auto pilot of an aircraft includes a circuit that reduces
coarse or harsh or excessive control signals to smooth
response of the aircraft to such signals.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System which
includes means for sensing whether the control system of an
aircraft is operating as intended and for correcting or
modifying the system if is should operate in a manner other
than as intended.
(1) Note. Some systems in this subclass provide for
redundant (i.e., duplicate operative or inoperative) circuits
which are activated by the monitor if the main or primary
circuit fails or operates not as intended.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. System wherein
a model of desired performance characteristics of the control
system is programmed into the system and the system detects
whether the program is being followed by the aircraft.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System which
has means permitting the human pilot to inactivate or
overcome the auto pilot circuitry.
(1) Note. In this subclass the system circuit is
overpowered in response to manual operation of the aircraft's
control system. The auto pilot regains control of the
aircraft upon discontinuance of manual effort exerted by the
human pilot.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. System which
has means permitting a human pilot to disengage the auto
pilot and put into operation a system controlled by the human
pilot for an indeterminate time period.
(1) Note. In this subclass the human pilot selects a mode
of operation wherein either manual control or auto pilot
control is connected and used, and the unused control is
disconnected
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. An airfoil
having means associated therewith for modifying a
characteristic of the support created thereby.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Lift
modification devices designed to create or disperse a
swirling air flow, this flow either circulating about the
surface of the airfoil or flowing radially therefrom.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Lift
modification devices wherein the modification consists of a
design feature of all or part of the surface or skin of the
airfoil.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Lift
modification devices including means to vary or adjust the
modification.
(1) Note. The adjusting means may be actuated differently
on opposite sides of the aircraft to provided roll control.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier which operates in response to a change in condition
of the aircraft landing gear or control therefor.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier which operates in response to a change in condition
of the aircraft.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier comprising means within the airfoil, or externally
adjacent the surface and upstream of the trailing edge,
intended to affect a flow characteristic of that portion of
the stream of air which is immediately adjacent the surface
of the airfoil.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means comprising means to create and/or vary an
electric field about the airfoil.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means comprising a member attached to the airfoil
with its axis substantially perpendicular to the direction of
motion of the air stream, and mounted for spinning about that
axis.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means comprising means within the aircraft to supply
high energy air to the air stream.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Blowing means
combined with means to remove air from the air stream and
draw it into the interior of the airfoil.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means comprising means within the aircraft to remove
air from the air stream and draw it into the interior of the
aircraft.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means comprising either an opening through the
airfoil adjacent its leading edge, or an auxiliary element
adjacent the leading edge for forming a slot therebetween,
thus providing for deflection of the flow of the air at the
leading edge.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Nose slot
control means in combination with a flap, the flap being (1)
a section of the airfoil pivoted to the remainder of the
airfoil at the trailing edge thereof or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached to the airfoil at the trailing
edge thereof.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer
control means in combination with a flap, the flap being (1)
a section of the airfoil pivoted to the remainder of the
airfoil at the trailing edge thereof, or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached to the airfoil at the trailing
edge thereof.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier comprising (1) a section of the airfoil pivotable
relative to a stationary portion thereof, or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached thereto, pivoting of the section
or auxiliary element effecting a change in contour of the
airfoil in sectional view.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. A flap located
at the leading edge of the airfoil.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. A flap located
at the trailing edge of the airfoil.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. A flap which
moves relative to the airfoil in such a manner as to create a
slot with a changeable dimension between itself and the
airfoil.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. A flap and at
least one other flap also at the trailing edge, each adapted
to swing about an axis substantially perpendicular to the
direction of the aircraft's motion, wherein one flap overlies
the other and the flaps are rotatable relative one to the
other.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier including means to change the surface area of the
airfoil to be acted upon by the relatively moving stream of
air.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift
modifier including means to change the contour of the airfoil
in sectional view.
Subclass:
220
Pilot operated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Devices and
arrangements comprising an aircraft control system having at
least one manually movable part moved by a human pilot for
operating or controlling an aircraft.
Subclass:
221
Control System:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus
comprising an aeronautical machine having an arrangement of
structural and other movable parts, at least one movable part
being movably engaged by a human operator for moving a
structural part for guiding the aeronautical machine or
structure thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 491 for hand operated
control lever and linkage systems.
Subclass:
222
Other than hand or foot actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the movable part is engaged by an operator's body
portion not normally used for controlling an aircraft (i.e.,
hands or feet).
(1) Note. The movable part may be a seat, a part thereof,
or any other appurtenance engageable by the torso or limbs of
an operator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 515 for knee and
elbow operated control lever and linkage systems
respectively.
Subclass:
223
With feel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the part engaged by the human operator is provided
with means for providing a physical sensation to the operator
as it is being moved, the sensation generally being
proportional to the force acting on the controlled structure
(e.g., flaps, elevators, etc.).
Subclass:
224
With locking means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
comprising a fastening or other holding means for fixedly
maintaining a movable aircraft control or other structure at
a desired attitude or position.
Subclass:
225
With dual purpose surface structure (e.g., elevons):
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
comprising a structural control part movable to perform
plural aircraft control modes each of which being normally
controlled by a separate structural control part.
(1) Note. Included here are control structures which may
have an added or alternative movement to perform the function
of another control structure (e.g., an aileron being made to
act as a flap).
Subclass:
226
Fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
comprising a fluid pressure device for transmitting movement
of the manually movable part of the movable structural part.
Subclass:
227
With electric control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus
wherein electric control circuitry is utilized for the
regulation of the fluid power device.
Subclass:
228
Electric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
comprising electric motive means for transmitting movement of
the manually movable part to the movable structural part.
Subclass:
229
Dual:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
comprising means permitting full or partial operation of
aircraft control systems from two or more stations in the
aircraft.
Subclass:
230
With variable output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein movable parts have relative movement which varies
with respect to an operational parameter to alter the extent
of movement of the structural part for a given movement of an
operator controlled movable part.
Subclass:
231
With interengaging gearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein at least one of the movable parts comprises toothlike
or other projections about its periphery for cooperation with
complementary surface configurations of another movable part,
movement of one of the parts causing movement of the other.
Subclass:
232
With cable and linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the movable parts comprise at least one elongate
flexible member and at least one rodlike member connected
thereto movable generally lengthwise for actuating a
structural part or parts to guide the aeronautical machine.
(1) Note. A bellcrank or other lever movable about a pivot
is not considered to be linkage for classification here. See
subclasses 221 and 231 for such pivoted structure combined
with linkage or a cable, respectively, for moving aircraft
control structure.
Subclass:
233
Cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the movable parts comprise an elongate flexible
member interconnecting a manually movable part and a
structural part or a member integral with the structural
part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 500.5 for flexible cable
transmitters, per se.
Subclass:
234
Controller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus
comprising at least one movable part engageable by a human
operator for operating the aeronautical machine or
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 491 for hand operated
control lever and linkage systems.
Subclass:
235
Rudder bar and pedal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
comprising foot operated devices for controlling aircraft on
land, sea, or in the air.
Subclass:
236
Electrical pickup:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
comprising means whereby movement of the manually engaged
part is converted to an electric signal (e.g., strain gauge,
inductance coil, switch, etc.).
Subclass:
237
Three-way steering, single control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
comprises a single movable manually engageable part for
controlling the movement of each movable structural part to
control yaw, pitch, and roll of the aircraft.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
LIGHTWEIGHT, WINGED, AIR VEHICLE (E.G., ULTRALIGHT OR HANG
GLIDER):
Air vehicle (a) built to be very low in weight and (b)
supported in flight by an air foil.
(1) Note. The weight of an ultralight air vehicle is
usually less than the 254 pound maximum defined by the
Federal Aviation Administration. This art collection may,
however, include air vehicles which vary from the standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for glider-type airplanes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 61 for glider-type toy
airplanes.
Subclass:
901
Having delta shaped wing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter
wherein the air foil is a generally triangular-shaped wing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for glider-type airplanes.
Subclass:
902
Having parachute type wing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter
wherein the air foil is a flexible canopy, without any rigid
supporting framework.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for a safety lowering device in the form of a
parachute.
Subclass:
903
Powered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter
wherein the very low weight air vehicle includes its own
propulsion means.
Subclass:
904
Miscellaneous hardware or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter
including (a) a structural element of the very low weight air
vehicle, or (b) a device for regulating the movement or
direction of the very low weight air vehicle.
Subclass:
905
INFLATABLE EVACUATION SLIDE:
Hollow structure which, when filled with pressurized gas,
forms a guideway on which passengers may slip down to rapidly
leave an aircraft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137.2 for structure on an aircraft which permits passenger
or cargo loading or discharging.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, particularly 48 for a
chute or escape tower for personnel, not related to
aircraft.
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, particularly
subclass 25 for flexible wall chutes, per se.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000