U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 241
SOLID MATERIAL COMMINUTION OR DISINTEGRATION
Class Definition:
The main class definition is divided into the following
sections:
General statement of class subject matter.
Chemical compounds, compositions, foods and beverages.
Suspensions and colloids
Coating or shaping of material
Fibrous and laminated material
Heating, cooling, or drying material
Operators for comminutors
Separation of material
Material handling, excavating, distributing, harvesting
Grain, flour and starch
Comminutor, or comminutor element, supports and mounting
means
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. This is the generic class for (1) the comminution and
disintegration of solid material, and (2) the comminution and
disintegration of solids combined with other treatment of the
material where such combinations are not provided for in
other classes and are not specifically excluded by the
following notes and definitions.
B. As used in this classification, the terms "comminution" or
"disintegration" necessarily include the following elements:
(1) There must be a division of a solid mass into a number of
smaller solid masses. (2) The treatment must include no
operation which is directed toward imparting a desired shape
to the initial solid mass or the resulting smaller solid
masses.
The term "comminution" has been considered to be generic to
all the terms ordinarily applied to the subject matter of
this class (e.g., grinding, milling, disintegration,
trituration, pulverization, etc.). Therefore, for the sake of
brevity, the term "comminution" alone has been used in the
notes and definitions below to denote the treatment which
forms the basis of this class.
C. This class is limited to the treatment of solid material
i.e., material in a self-sustaining, more or less rigid
state, capable of resisting deformation to a certain extent.
However, materials which normally may be considered
"plastic", but which, in the course of the comminution,
perform substantially as do normal solids, in that smaller
nonshaped particles are formed from a larger mass, have been
looked upon as being solids for purposes of this
classification. (See COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL below).
Treatment of solids in fluid suspension is included. (See
SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS below).
D. This class provides for both processes and apparatus for
carrying out the comminuting treatment but not products
thereof. Since product claims were considered controlling,
patents having such claims were classified in classes
appropriate thereto, whether or not a claim to a comminuting
process or apparatus was included.
E. Where a patent includes claims to a comminutor or a
comminutor part and a method of making the comminutor or
part, the claim to the article is deemed to be controlling
and classification of the patent in Class 241 is proper,
unless the article is provided for elsewhere.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
In general, the compound, compositions, and food classes are
superior to this class as to the production, reclamation or
recovery of the materials provided for in those classes, and
see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH, below, for a special statement
on grain, flour and starch.
A. The compound, composition, food and beverages classes will
take:
(1) All patents, any claim of which is directed to a product
provided for in those classes.
(2) Processes in which any step effects a chemical change in,
dissolves, or forms a stable colloidal dispersion of all, or
part, of the material (except where an added comminuting aid
is removed from the material by chemical reaction or
dissolution).
(3) Processes involving the formation of a composition by
combining distinct ingredients which are sufficiently
identified as to form a basis of classification, whether the
process involves a chemical reaction or is merely physical
(as by compounding by comminution, per se). However, where
the larger mass, before comminution, is made up of a
plurality of dissimilar materials, and following comminution
and separation, the constituent parts of the same mass are
recombined, or partly so, such processes were not considered
to involve the formation of a composition and have been
classified in class 241.
(B) This class (241) will take:
(1) Processes and apparatus having the sole function of
comminuting solid material.
(2) Processes and apparatus in which a comminuting step or
means is combined with a physical step or means which has the
sole function of facilitating the comminution.
(3) Processes and apparatus in which a comminuting step or
means is combined with such additional steps or means as have
been provided for in this class, such as: (a) separation or
classification of the material into grades or sizes,
including the recombination of separated ingredients of a
single starting material; (b) separation of fluids from the
material involving no chemical change in the material, as by
filtering or drying operations; (c) heating the material; (d)
cooling the material; (e) separation of comminuting aids from
the material, which operation may include dissolution or a
chemical reaction; (f) apparatus combinations of a comminutor
with means for applying a fluid to the material for any
disclosed purpose, including performing or initiating a
chemical reaction. See subclass 38.
SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS
This class (241) provides for the generic subject matter of
comminuting solid material in a fluid to form or improve a
suspension. See subclasses 21 and 38+. For exceptions to this
and for related subject matter, see the Refernces to Other
Classes referring to this section (Suspension and Colloids).
COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL.
(A) This class (241) does not include the shaping or coating
of material, per se, (see the general statement of class
subject matter in the class definition), but does provide for
coating or shaping steps or means in combination with
comminuting processes or apparatus in the following
instances:
(1) Where the shaping is followed by a comminution which
destroys the shape, as distinguished from causing a large
shaped mass to be made into a plurality of smaller masses
which retain one of the original dimensions of the large mass
(e.g., flaking, where a formed sheet is broken up into flakes
which retain the original sheet thickness dimension).
(2) Where a comminuting operation on a heterogeneous mass or
mixture of material results in the simultaneous formation of
shaped masses of a portion only of the material and the
comminution of the remainder (e.g., the metallic constituents
of an ore are formed into balls simultaneously with the
comminution of gangue).
(3) Where the shaping is for the sole purpose of facilitating
the subsequent separation of the material into grades. See
Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 7, for this type of treatment, per se.
(4) Where the coating treatment is for the sole purpose of
facilitating the comminution.
(B) The material shaping classes provide for shaping or
forming, per se, and shaping processes and apparatus combined
with preliminary comminuting steps or means.
FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL.
Class 241 provides for processes and apparatus for
comminuting fibrous and laminated material, and other
treatments combined with comminution when such combinations
are not of the type specifically provided for in other
classes. See the References to Other Classes section for
specific references to this section.
HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL.
Class 241 provides for process and apparatus combinations in
which comminution is combined with heating and/or cooling
steps or means. See subclasses 8, 15+, 23, 38+, 65+. It does
not include such combinations when the temperature
modification of the material effects a change in the chemical
nature of the material (e.g., removing water of hydration,
etc), except those apparatus combinations in which the
temperature change is effected by means which applies a fluid
to the material, which may have the disclosed function of
carrying out a chemical reaction. See the pertinent chemical
classes for such combinations as are excluded above.
In general, Class 241 is superior to the following classes,
or such parts, thereof that relate to the heating, cooling,
or drying of solid material and takes combinations of the
subject matter there provided for with comminution, unless a
specific exception is noted: Class 34, Class 62, Class 110,
Class 126, Class 148, Class 219, Class 266, Class 373, Class
432. See References to Other Classes, below, for an
explanation of the lines between these classes and Class
241.
OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS.
Class 241 provides for the combination of a comminutor with
means to move the comminuting members thereof. Organizations,
per se, for effecting the movement of comminuting members are
classified in the pertinent machine element, motor, or power
plant class if no significant combination with the comminutor
or comminutor element is claimed. Claims which include in
addition to the specific operator (1) the manner of
supporting the comminuting element relative to other parts of
the comminutor, (2) mention of a plurality of cooperating
elements, or (3) structural characteristics of the element
itself, are considered to be claims to a significant
comminutor combination for classification in Class 241. Mere
naming of the comminuting element or its type is not deemed
as significant inclusion thereof in the combination.
Operators, per se, for comminuting elements are found in the
classes listed below unless specifically excluded and the
line stated above applies to each. See the References to
Other Classes, below, for class references to this section.
SEPARATION OF MATERIAL
Class 241 is superior to the material separation classes and,
therefore, provides for a process or apparatus in which
comminution is combined with a step or means to separate the
material into classes according to the physical
characteristics of its components, before, during, or after
the comminuting operation. See subclasses 9+, 24.1+ and 68+,
or if the separation involves applying a fluid to the
material, subclasses 19, 20 and 38+. As noted in CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES of this class
definition, comminuting processes which include the
separation of a comminuting aid from the material by
dissolution or a chemical reaction are included in Class 241.
The separating classes to which the above stated general line
applies are: Class 95, Class 96, Class 209, Class 210, and
Class 494. See References to other Classes, below, for
specific references to this section.
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING.
In general, Class 241 provides for processes and apparatus in
which comminution is combined with steps and means to move
and handle the material prior to or subsequent to the
comminuting operation. Means to feed material to the
comminuting zone for treatment and to discharge it therefrom
are classified in the various feeding and discharging
subclasses in the class. Material handling combinations other
than those limited to mere feeding to and discharging from
the comminutor are classified in the subclasses 25 and
101.01+, unless more specifically provided for.
Certain types of material handling have, on the other hand,
been considered so specialized that classes including such
subject matter have been considered superior to Class 241.
For a list of such classes and a statement of the line with
each, see (B) of this section below.
(A) The following are examples of those classes which deal
with types of material handling to which Class 241 has been
considered superior in accordance with the above stated
general line and any patent having claims to a significant
combination of the type of material handling treated in these
classes with a comminutor is properly classifiable in class
241: Class 141, Class 193, Class 198, Class 212, Class 221,
Class 222, Class 312, Class 406, Class 414. See References to
Other Classes, below.
(B) The following classes deal with special types of material
handling or moving which are considered superior to Class 241
and patents claiming significant combinations of such
handling with comminuting steps or means are classified with
the particular type of handling involved: Class 37, Class 56,
Class 171, Class 172, Class 175, Class 239, Class 299, Class
404. See References to Other Classes, below.
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH
The comminution of cereal or other seeds or seed parts and
combinations of other treatments of the type provided for in
the class, to form flour or other grain products, are
provided for in Class 241, and see the above section on
COMPOSITIONS, COMPOUNDS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES in general. For
related subject matter, see the References to Other Classes,
belows referring to this section.
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS
Combinations of a comminutor and a support or mounting
therefor are provided for in Class 241. Combinations
including means to stationarily support the comminutor are in
subclasses 46.014+ and 285.1. Other mounting means (e.g.,
vehicular) are treated as combinations for subclasses
101.01+. See this class (241), subclasses 291+ for comminutor
element-shaft combinations. For comminutor mounting means,
per se, see the References to Other Classes, belows referring
to this section.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning. provides
for processes and apparatus for cleaning comminuting members
by the operations there provided for. Class 241 takes the
combination of a significantly claimed comminuting member
with a cleaning means therefore but mere identification of
the member cleaned as a type of comminuting member was not
deemed significant and such patents were assigned on the
basis of the cleaner. In this class (241), see subclasses
166+. For processes and apparatus for removing accretions
from containers which may result in the comminution of a
portion of the material, see subclasses 104.05+ in Class 15
and (2) Note to the definition of subclass 105.05.
Class 30, Cutlery, subclasses 136+ for hand manipulated
scrapers which may act to retain the material for use and
subclasses 164.5+ for hand manipulated ice picks and
chippers. Ice crushers and shavers which are not hand
manipulated relative to the material are provided for in
Class 241.
Class 62 takes (1) processes in which comminution of a solid
refrigerant medium (e.g., ice), is combined with a step of
utilizing the medium in cooling a material or article, (2)
apparatus in which means for comminuting a solid refrigerant
is combined with means to utilize the refrigerant (e.g., ice
car, ice cream freezer or other refrigerating receptacle),
and (3) processes and apparatus in which steps or means for
manufacturing a solid refrigerant are combined with steps or
means for comminuting the material. Class 241 takes processes
and apparatus for cooling the material undergoing treatment
combined with comminution thereof.
Class 69, Leather Manufactures, is for processes and
apparatus for treating leather not elsewhere provided for.
Class 241 includes leather comminution but excludes
organizations in which only a portion of the hide is removed,
such combinations being classified in Class 69.
Class 73, Measuring and Testing, provides for testing
processes and apparatus including comminuting steps or means
for operating on material to determine certain of its
characteristics; e.g., subclasses 7+. Class 241 takes
material treatment processes and apparatus which includes
steps or means to test the material in combination with
comminution.
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, for
miscellaneous metallurgical processes including comminution
only in combination with treatment of a type not provided for
in Class 241. Class 75 includes alloys disclosed for use in
forming comminutor parts when claims to the alloy, per se,
are included. Claims to a comminutor element formed of a
specific alloy are not controlling over claims to the alloy,
per se, and classification of patents having both types of
claims in Class 75 is proper. See (2) Note to the definition
of subclass 213 of Class 75.
Class 99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses and the notes thereto for the preservation and
production of foods and beverages. Cooking, adding
ingredients, and bleaching are examples of steps which so
change the nature of the final food product as to cause
classification in Class 99. Search subclasses 510+ for
comminution in combination with liquid recovery and 537+ for
apparatus separating one portion of food from another,
similar to the apparatus of Class 241.
Class 100, Presses, takes (1) processes and apparatus for
expressing which apply comminuting pressure to the material
where there is provided means for separating the expressed
liquid from the solid. The paths of flow of the expressed
material may be provided by the pressure elements themselves,
(2) processes and apparatus for expressing combined with
steps or means for comminuting the material prior to the
expressing operation, and (3) convertible apparatus adapted
to function either as an expresser or a comminutor. Class 241
takes processes and apparatus for comminuting material
combined with steps or means to apply an expressing operation
on the material prior to the comminuting operation, see
subclasses 2, 25 and 101.01+.
Class 110 takes (1) processes and apparatus in which a solid
fuel burning step or means is combined with a step or means
for comminuting the fuel before burning, or the residue after
burning, (2) processes and apparatus in which comminuting of
a fuel is combined with a step or means for adding air or
other gas subsequent to the comminuting zone for the
disclosed purpose of supporting combustion of fuel in a
burner (see particularly subclass 106), and (3) fuel burning
apparatus or parts thereof which may act to comminute
material as a secondary or incidental function thereof (e.g.,
grates). Class 241 takes comminution combined with steps or
means for applying heat to the material from a significantly
claimed burner.
Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, is the
generic class for cleaning and/or applying liquids to solids.
Processes including such steps in combination with
comminuting steps are classified in Class 241. Mere agitation
of particulate material in the presence of liquid to separate
dirt or other impurities therefrom is not considered to be
comminution. Such processes are classified in Class 134 or
other appropriate class, depending on the line between those
classes. Class 241 provides for the separation of adhering
impurities from solids by comminution, as distinguished from
mere agitation or tumbling, either with or without the
application of a liquid to the material. See the definitions
and Notes to the definitions of subclasses 16+ in Class 134.
Class 162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, provides for
the combination of a chemical digestion and comminution.
Class 241 provides for the comminution of fibrous materials
even when in liquid suspension for the preparation of a paper
pulp. For the purpose of determining a line between this
class (241) and Class 162, hot water shall be considered to
be a chemical agent classifiable in Class 162. The
comminution of fibrous material in suspension, even when
disclosed for the purpose of making a paper pulp is provided
for in Class 241 where no chemical treatment is claimed.
Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for
a process and apparatus relating to the separation of solids
into grades or classes. A screen or the like, which could
operate as a mere separator, but is disclosed as being
adapted to function as a comminuting element, is classified
in Class 241. See particularly subclass 83. An agitator for
facilitating the flow of material through a screen may
incidentally effect the comminution or a portion of the
material. Such a device is classified on the basis of its
essential function and is found in Class 209 unless the
agitator is modified to further the comminuting effect. The
classification of a patent relating to the presentation of a
mass of plastic material to a series of openings will depend
upon the disclosed purpose of the process or apparatus: if
the purpose is to remove foreign particles from the material,
classification is in Class 209; if to comminute into discrete
particles, it is found in Class 241; if to form into a
desired shape or shapes, it is in the proper shaping class,
for which see the Coating or Shapring of Material section of
this class (241).
Class 222, Dispensing, takes processes and apparatus for
dispensing material. Mere agitators for loosening lumps
within a holder are not considered comminutors for Class 241.
Most of the patents classified in the feeding subclasses of
Class 241 show dispensers as subcombinations of the
comminutor-feeder combination and a number of patents which
disclose such combinations but in which the claims are
limited to the dispenser, per se, have been classified in the
appropriate subclasses of Class 222.
Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for apparatus for heat
treating metal. Note that heat treatment to effect a chemical
reaction is excluded from Class 241 and such combinations are
classified in appropriate classes taking such subject matter,
as Class 266.
Class 366, Agitating, takes (1) processes which, by
disclosure, are limited to mixing or agitating the material,
and (2) apparatus which, by disclosure, functions solely to
mix or agitate the material. Class 241 takes processes and
apparatus in which agitating steps or means are combined with
comminuting steps or means, and apparatus which, by
disclosure, will function to comminute the material even
though a mixing function is also disclosed. As to apparatus,
the following exception is made to the foregoing line: Where
the apparatus is disclosed as treating particulate material
even though in admixture with liquids (e.g., wet or dry clay,
sand, etc.); and the apparatus is of the type in which a
plurality of surfaces cooperate with each other to apply
pressure to a layer of material there-between, it is properly
classifiable in Class 241 whether or not the disclosure is
limited to mere agitation and subcombinations of such
apparatus are also included in Class 241.
Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, for in situ
comminution of earth or road surfaces in combination with
other road building means. Comminution, per se, of road or
earth surface is classifiable in Class 241.
Class 417, Pumps, takes pumps including structural features
which both facilitate the impelling of the fluid and produce
incidental concurrent comminution of solids suspended in the
fluid. Class 241 provides for (1) comminutors with means for
pumping primary disclosed purpose of comminuting the
material, but which may have the additional incidental
function of impelling the fluid.
Class 451, Abrading, takes (1) processes and apparatus in
which the function of the claimed steps or means is disclosed
as that of imparting a shape to or removing unwanted surface
portions from an article by abrasion, and (2) processes and
apparatus in which such an abrading step or means is combined
with a prior comminution. Class 241, takes (1) abrading
processes and apparatus, the disclosed purpose of which is to
effect a comminution of the material (as defined in GENERAL
STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER of this class definition),
and (2) processes and apparatus in which the comminution is
combined with steps or means which act to impart a shape to
or remove unwanted surface portions from the article or
material prior to the comminution operation.
The following sections may also contain information relating
to the lines between Class 241 and other classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 3, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38, 65, 67, 83, 97, 111, 169, 198.1,
200, 221, 227, 237, 244, 252, 270, 284, 293, and 296 for
references to Class 100, Presses
5 15+ and 38+, for fluid current conveying organizations and
the corresponding processes and apparatus in combination with
comminution.
15 for processes including such steps of cleaning and/or
applying liquids to solids in combination with comminuting
steps.
31 39 and 59, for reference to Class 137, Fluid Handling.
32 33, and 36, for reference to Class 192, Clutches and
Power-Stop Control.
32.5 for reference to Class 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers
and Breakers.
39 for reference to Class 239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying,
and Diffusing.
59 for reference to Class 251, Valves and Valve Actuation.
65 66, and 67, for reference to Class 165, Heat Exchange.
71 and see the line stated in the note to the definition of
that subclass for reference to Class 116, Signals and
Indicators.
99 for reference to Class 169, Fire Extinguishers.
100 for comminutors combined with means to fill a separable
receiver.
101.01 for the combination of a comminutor, significantly
recited, and an electric signal therefor, also for reference
to Class 340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate
subclasses for electric signals, per se, for indicating a
condition in a comminutor, particularly subclasses 500+ and
870.01+.
107 111, 117, 123, 198.1, 205, 207, 227, and 237, for
reference to Class 68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus.
169 283, for references to Class 30
182 for reference to Class 220, Receptacles.
198.1 270, for references to Class 75
198.1 221, and 227, for references to Class 452, Butchering,
subclasses 141+, for meat tenderizers having structure
similar to comminutors.
198.1 270+, for references to Class 81, Tools.
275 for reference to Class 124, Mechanical Guns and
Projectors.
285.1 for references to Class 52, Static Structures (e.g.,
Buildings).
292 for references to Class 73.
629 650+, for refernces to Class 4, Baths, Closets, Sinks,
and Spittoons, which class takes sinks and similar apparatus
there provided for, combined with means to comminute the
material discharged from the sink or the like.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning. For the
cleaning, per se, of comminuting members, see the appropriate
subclasses of Class 15, particularly subclass 256.5. (See
Lines With Other Classes of this class definition (241)).
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 3.1, for
apparatus for cleaning grain, employing means of the type
there provided for. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of
this class (241))
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, and the notes thereto. Class
19 is the generic class for the liberation of fibers from
natural and prior use sources by physical operations and also
provides for miscellaneous working operations on fibrous
material. Class 19 takes processes and apparatus which
include fiber liberation steps or means (e.g., delinting,
picking, carding, etc.) in combination with comminution of
the material. (refer to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL
section of the class definition of this class (241)).
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, 293 for physical
processes for producing, reclaiming, or recovering inorganic
compounds and elements. (refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS,
COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section of this class
(241))
29, Metal Working, is the generic class for working and
shaping of metal and see the notes thereto for related art.
See particularly 4.51, for processes and apparatus for
forming metal into shreds. (refer to the COATING OR SHAPING
OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class
(241)).
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, and the
notes thereto, particularly (3) Note in the class definition.
(see the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section of the
class definition of this class (241)).
37, Excavating, for apparatus and corresponding processes
including excavation of material. (See MATERIAL HANDLING,
EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this class
(241))
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, subclass 633 for devices
for disintegrating and plasticizing peat. (refer to the
FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 58.1, for processes of treating
seed in preparation for planting. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND
STARCH section of this class (241))
53, Package Making, subclass 121 for packaging apparatus
including means to crush the contents.
56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus including the severing of crops. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this
class (241))
60, Power Plants, 325 for fluid transmission and fluid link
actuating devices. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
62, Refrigeration, and the notes thereto. (see the HEATING,
COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class (241)).
69, Leather Manufactures, for processes and apparatus for
treating leather not elsewhere provided for. Also see Lines
With Other Classes of this class (241).
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses, for a
metal-working roll organization similar to those used in
comminuting apparatus.
72, Metal Deforming, and see the notes thereto, for a process
or apparatus for shaping metal by plastically working
it.(refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of
the class definition of this class (241)).
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for mechanical movement
actuating means. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus for cutting of the type there provided for, which
are disclosed for the purpose fo severing solid material into
products of desired length or shape while (usually) retaining
an original dimension. (refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class
(241)).
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, for expansible chamber
motor actuators. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for a process of separating
solids from gases, per se. (see SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the
class definition of this class (241)).
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for separating
solids from gases, per se. (see SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the
class definition of this class (241)).
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses,
for apparatus for imparting a shape to food material. (refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
and the notes thereto for the preservation and production of
foods and beverages. (refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS,
COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section and Lines With
Other Classes of the class definition of this class (241))
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 518 and 600+, for
apparatus for husking or peeling grain and treating cereals,
not elsewhere provided for. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH
section of this class (241))
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, and the notes thereto.
See particularly the main class definition for a list of
classes and subclasses providing for coating and plastic
compositions containing solid material. (refer to CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section of this
class (241))
110, Furnaces, and the Notes thereto. (see the HEATING,
COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section and LINES WITH OTHER
CLASSES of the class definition of this class (241)).
114, Ships, and the notes thereto for marine vehicle mounting
means. (see COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND
MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for coating
particulate material and see especially subclass 19 and 417
for tumbling particulate work. For merely mixing fluent
materials with grain by agitation, see the Note to Class 259
below. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class
(241))
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses. (refer to the
COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, for operators of the type
there provided for. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
125, Stone Working, and the notes thereto for processes and
apparatus for shaping stone-like substances. (refer to the
COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
125, Stone Working, 23, for processes and apparatus for
splitting laminated material (e.g., mica) along its planes of
cleavage. Class 241 takes the comminution of such material,
see particularly subclass 4. (refer to the FIBROUS AND
LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition of this
class (241)).
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 152, for grates. The line between
classes 126 and 241 is the same as the line set forth between
classes 110 and 241, above. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class
(241)).
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, appropriate
subclasses, for processes and apparatus for producing a
purified starch product, which may include comminuting steps
or means as part of the combination. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND
STARCH section of this class (241))
131, Tobacco, 145 for tobacco leaf disintegration. (refer to
the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for cleaning and/or applying liquid
to grain not provided for elsewhere. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND
STARCH section of this class (241))
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40, and the notes thereto
for flow restrictors which form emulsions of a plurality of
fluids. (refer to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this
class (241))
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses for processes and
apparatus for filling receivers including, in 11 and 69+,
treatment of the material other than by comminution. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A)
of this class (241))
144, Woodworking, and the notes thereto. Class 144 is the
generic class for shaping wood and similar materials. For
example, Class 144, includes wood excelsior making, log
slicers, etc. A machine for wood chipping or shaving will be
considered as imparting a desired shape only if there exists
some means for so shaping as, e.g., the operation of the
machine moves the wood holder with respect to the cutter, or
the cross section of the cutter or chipper is so designed as
to produce the desired contour. (refer to the COATING OR
SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this
class (241)).
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of
heat treating metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of the metal. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class
(241)).
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
shaping combined with a laminating step and see also 339.
(refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the
class definition of this class (241)).
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclass,
for the combination of a chemical digestion and comminution.
(refer to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the
class definition of this class (241)).
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses, for processes and apparatus for the chemical
liberation, recovery or purification of natural cellulose or
fibrous material in combination with a comminuting step.
(refer to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this class
(241))
164, Metal Founding, 344 and 401+ for apparatus to remove a
molding surface from a product which may include a
disintegration of a sand surface, and subclasses 131+ for
corresponding methods.
171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate
subclasses, and particularly subclass 24, 26+, 114+, and 122
for devices for recovering from the soil plants or objects
buried or embedded therein, combined with means to comminute
such plants or objects or the mass of earth containing the
same. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING,
HARVESTING, (B) of this class (241))
172, Earth Working, appropriate subclasses for comminuting
earth in situ. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING,
DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this class (241))
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for
subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when
such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to
tool driving, but which does not include features limiting
the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific
shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related
tools, or an opposed work support. Class 241 has not been
cleared as to subject matter in conflict with this line.
(refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class
(241)).
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for a process or means for comminuting the substances of the
earth in situ to bore or penetrate the earth. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this
class (241))
184, Lubrication, for lubricators and lubrication systems,
per se; this class (241) includes combinations of significant
comminutor structure with means to lubricate. (see GRAIN,
FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241))
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, and Animal Powered, for
miscellaneous motor operators. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR
COMMINUTORS section of this class (241)).
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, for
conveyors of the type there provided for. See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of this
class (241))
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for processes and apparatus
relating to power-driven conveyors.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for a
process and apparatus relating to the separation of solids
into grades or classes.. (see SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and
Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of this
class (241)).
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, see
particularly subclass 7 for devices which apply pressure to
material to effect a change in its shape, in
contradistinction to comminution, to facilitate separation.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for a process or
apparatus relating to the separation of a solid from a liquid
as by gravitational separation or filtering. As an exception
to the general line, Class 210, in 173, provides for
apparatus including a filtering screen or the like arranged
to remove material from a moving stream and to comminute the
removed material. In addition Class 210 includes vegetable or
animal matter comminution incidental to liquid purification,
see particularly subclasses 173 and 174, or destruction of a
filter cake or comminution incidental to agitation or feeding
of the material to, during and after separation, see
particularly subclasses 106+, 178, 179, 219, 298, 319, 332+,
353, 354+, 383, 391+, 407+, 738, 748, 769, 785, and 796. (see
SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition of this class
(241)).
212, Traversing Hoists, for material handling of the type
there provided for. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING,
DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of this class (241))
219, Electric Heating, for processes and apparatus relating
to the electric heating of material. (see the HEATING,
COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for processes
and apparatus for dispensing articles not otherwise provided
for. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING,
HARVESTING, (A) of this class (241))
222, Dispensing, for processes and apparatus for dispensing
material. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING,
HARVESTING, (A), and Lines With Other Classes of this class
(241))
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, appropriate subclasses,
for severing by tearing or breaking. See particularly 1 for
processes, and subclasses 93+ for apparatus for severing a
piece of work into smaller pieces where there is either (1) a
claimed provision for maintaining or determining the product
shape or size, (e.g., the tool has a shaped edge), or (2),
where the material being worked upon is disclosed as modified
(e.g., by score lines) so as to determine a specific size or
shape. (refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section
of the class definition of this class (241)).
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 650 for a
container for nonfluid material and means for strewing or
scattering the material over an extended area, and in which
combination a comminuter may be present to disintegrate or
break up lumps in the material. (See MATERIAL HANDLING,
EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this class
(241))
248, Supports, 2, for machinery supports. For proper
classification in Class 248, the claims should include, in
the combination, only so much of the comminutor as is
necessary to support it. (see COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR
ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANSs section of this class
(241)).
252, Compositions, appropriate subclasses. This is the
generic class for compositions and see the notes thereto for
other composition art. Colloidal dispersions are treated in
the suspension and colloids section of this class definition.
(refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES section of this class (241))
252, Compositions, 302, and the notes thereto. (See
subclasses 38+). (refer to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section
and Lines With Other Classes of this class (241))
252, Compositions, subclass 378 for processes of exfoliating
micaceous material.(refer to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class
(241)).
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses.
See the notes to this class for processes relating to the
production, reclamation or recovery of carbon compounds,
including rubber, synthetic resins and compositions
containing the same. (refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS,
COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section of this class
(241))
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of molding or
shaping plastic materials within the class definition, which
may include a particle forming or material cutting or
comminution step, e.g., 5, 115+, 118, 138, and 603. (refer to
the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class
definition of this class (241)).
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for apparatus for heat treating
metal. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section
and Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of this
class (241)).
280, Land Vehicles, and the notes thereto for land vehicle
mounting means. (see COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT
SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, for a
process or apparatus for recovering valuable material from
the earth or breaking up hard material in situ. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this
class (241))
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses for electric motor structure. (refer to the
OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class (241)).
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, 35 for magazine type
article containing cabinets having means facilitating article
removal. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING,
HARVESTING, (A) of this class (241))
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
electric signals, per se, for indicating a condition in a
comminutor, particularly 500 and 870.01+. (see COMMINUTOR OR
COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section of
this class (241)).
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
electric signals, per se, for indicating a condition in a
comminutor. Note particularly 500 and 870.01+. (see
SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition of this class
(241)).
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, and the notes
thereto, for electric furnaces and processes relating
thereto. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL
section of the class definition of this class (241)).
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
merely mixing liquids or solids with grain by agitation. (see
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241))
366, Agitating, particularly 176.1 for process and apparatus
for forming suspensions and emulsions by agitation. See the
general line with Class 366, set forth in the main class
definition of Class 252. (refer to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS
section of this class (241))
366, Agitating, See Lines With Other Classes of this class
(241)
384, Bearings, which class takes bearings and guides for
comminuting elements or element support members and such
bearings or guides combined with supports for the bearings or
guides. The member supported by the bearing or guide may be
included by name as a type of comminuting element where no
significant structure of the element is included. (see
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS
section of this class (241)).
403, Joints and Connections, for rigid shaft to comminutor
element connections where no significant structure of the
comminuting element other than that necessary to effect the
connection is included. (see COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT
SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 90 for in situ
comminution of earth or road surfaces in combination with
other road building means. (See MATERIAL HANDLING,
EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B), and Lines With
Other Classes of this class (241))
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, for fluid current conveying
organizations. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING,
DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A), and References To the Current
Class of this class (241))
414, Material or Article Handling, which is the generic class
for processes and apparatus dealing with material and article
handling. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING,
HARVESTING, (A) of this class (241))
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate
subclasses for rotary fluid motor operators and controls.
(refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class
(241)).
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate
subclasses for operators and controls for impellers. (refer
to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class
(241)).
417, Pumps, takes pumps including structural features which
both facilitate the impelling of the fluid and produce
incidental concurrent comminution of solids suspended in the
fluid. Also see Lines with Othe Classes of this class (241)
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber motor actuators. (refer to the OPERATORS FOR
COMMINUTORS section of this class (241)).
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for expansible
chamber devices having structural features which both
facilitate the impelling of the fluid and produce incidental
concurrent comminution of solids suspend in the fluid. Class
241 provides for (1) comminutors provided with means for
pumping suspending fluid to or from a comminuting zone, and
(2) devices having the primary disclosed purpose of
comminuting the material, but which may have the additional
incidental function of impelling the fluid.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for producing, reclaiming, or
recovering inorganic compounds or elements. (refer to
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section
of this class (241))
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate
subclasses, for recovery of inorganic compounds and
nonmetallic elements by chemical reaction. (refer to CHEMICAL
COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section of this
class (241))
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclass for a method of making such a
composition and see particularly 1.29, 417, 458+, 469+, and
489+ for a composition including comminuted or particulate
material. (refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS
AND BEVERAGES section of this class (241))
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 202 for a molding machine for shaping
nonmetals combined both with a separate and distinct
agitating or kneading means upstream of the shaping area and
a comminuting means; and subclass 223 for the combustion of
means providing an endless casting surface and harvesting
means cooperating thereunder. (refer to the COATING OR
SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this
class (241)).
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for comminution or
disintegration processes combined with some other food
working operation. (refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS,
COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES section of this class
(241))
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for the process of forming
colloidal suspensions or emulsions of food materials. (refer
to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this class (241))
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for shaping and 289 and
302+, for coating edible material. (refer to the COATING OR
SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this
class (241)).
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for treating grain to be
made into a food. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of
this class (241))
427, Coating Processes, for coating processes in general.
(refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the
class definition of this class (241)).
432, Heating, subclass 61 for a residual material heating
device including structure breaking up lumps formed by the
heating or otherwise serving merely to perfect the heating of
the material. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL
section of the class definition of this class (241)).
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for
disclosures pertinent to fermentation.
451, Abrading, and the notes thereto. (refer to the COATING
OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition of this class (241)).
451, Abrading, 326 for apparatus for removing husks from
grain by tumbling. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of
this class (241))
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, for processes and
apparatus for separating grain from the plant. (see GRAIN,
FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241))
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses for
flexible shaft to comminuting elements connections where no
significant structure of the comminuting elements, other than
that necessary to effect the connection, is included. See
particularly 107. (see COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT
SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, for apparatus
or and process for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent
substances into two or more components by centrifuging within
a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like member. (see
SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition of this class
(241)).
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclasses
116.1-367 for processes of treating seed by the mere
application of a chemical for the purpose of affecting the
growth of the plant. (see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of
this class (241))
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
effected by an operation of the material other than the
application of force to the material by contacting it with a
solid surface.
(1) Note. Contained in this subclass, for example, are those
processes in which the mere application of heat results in
comminution and those where the material is disintegrated by
the generation and sudden release of internal pressure. The
term "solid surface" has been considered to include particles
of the material undergoing treatment, so that processes in
which the material is disintegrated by contacting it with
other portions of the same material will be found classified
in other appropriate subclasses in this class.
(2) Note. Operations on material which result in a chemical
change are not included. See CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS,
COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES of the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 323.4, for apparatus for
puffing cereal wherein the seed is not comminuted.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 11 for a process or
means for boring a hole in the earth by directly applying
heat to fluidize or comminute the material forming the
earth.
606, Surgery, subclass 2.5 for subject matter relating to
removal of a calculus (e.g., stone) from the body wherein the
calculus is fractured or disintegrated by use of light
energy.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the comminution or disintegration results
in the rupturing of cells in the material or the liberation
of liquids in the material or some operation in addition to
the comminution or disintegration, to rupture the cells or
liberate contained liquids.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses.
100, Presses, 104 for presses not elsewhere classified,
having drain means for expressed liquid.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
259 for processes wherein a microorganism is ruptured by
added material or mechanical means and subclass 306.1 for
apparatus with means to lyse or rupture microorganisms by
addition of material or by mechanical means other than
comminution.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the material (1) is solidified,
consolidated, or shaped into a desired form prior to
comminution, or (2) a portion only of the material is formed
into a desired shape, simultaneously with the comminution of
that portion of the material which is not shaped.
(1) Note. See COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL of the class
definition for notes to related art and a statement of the
line followed in relation to other classes as to processes
including shaping operations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 94, for processes and apparatus for
consolidating material and such steps or means in combination
with a precedent comminuting step or means.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
7, for processes and apparatus for selectively changing the
shape (without comminution) of certain ingredients in a
mixture to enable better separation of the material into
grades.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes for shaping
or molding plastic material within the class definition,
which may include a comminution or disintegration step, see
particularly 5, 115+, 118, 138+, and 603+.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which fibrous or laminated mineral material
(e.g., mica, asbestos, etc.) is the material being comminuted
or disintegrated.
(1) Note. This subclass includes physical steps of
separation of the laminations of material when combined with
the comminuting or disintegrating step.
(2) Note. See FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL of the class
definition of this class for notes to related art and a
statement of the lines followed with other classes relative
to fibrous or laminated mineral material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass .56 for methods of
and means for opening bundles of substantially parallel
stapled fibers in combination with a stapilizing step or
device, and subclasses 66 and 80+ for fiber mass opening
processes and apparatus of general application.
125, Stone Working, 23.01, for processes and apparatus for
splitting mineral laminated material without comminution.
252, Composition, subclass 378, for processes of exfoliating
or expanding mineral laminated material where no comminution
or disintegration is involved or processes in which
comminution or disintegration is a step, but including
operations not provided for in this class (241).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, see reference in the class
definitions of this class (241), COATING OR SHAPING OF
MATERIAL, B.
432, Heating, subclass 13 for a heating process including a
melting, expanding or comminution step.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include the step of suspending particles of
the material in a moving fluid or otherwise projecting them
through space and utilizing the developed kinetic energy of
the particles to effect the comminution or disintegration
thereof (as by impinging them against an impact surface or
against other particles).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for processes of comminuting material by contacting it
with other portions of the material but without the use of
kinetic energy.
27 and 185.5-197, for processes and apparatus for
comminuting by subjecting the material to a blow by a moving
surface, but which do not utilize the kinetic energy of the
material to aid in the comminution.
39 for related apparatus including means to suspend
particles in a moving fluid and then utilizing the kinetic
energy to effect the comminution.
91 and 274, for related apparatus including means to gravity
project material against a surface or other material to
effect the comminution.
275 for related apparatus for centrifugally projecting
material against surfaces or other material to effect the
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 519 and 571 for
apparatus employing kinetic energy for separation of food
portion.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for
processes and apparatus for conveying solids by a fluid
current. See particularly 157 for a deflecting surface at
the conveyor outlet.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the material being comminuted or
disintegrated is cereal seed (wheat, corn, etc.) or other
seed (coffee, cottonseed, etc.) or parts of such seed.
(1) Note. See GRAIN, FLOUR, AND STARCH of the class
definition of this class for notes to related art and the
lines followed with other classes, as to grain, flour, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses,
for apparatus relating to the treatment of cereal and other
seeds.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for processes and
apparatus for producing and recovering purified starch from
cereal starch-bearing materials.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for processes involving the
treatment of cereal and other seeds.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in
which the comminution or disintegration is combined with an
operation on the seed or seed part which functions to loosen
or remove the outer coating or husk portion from the seed or
seed part.
(1) Note. The operation to remove or loosen the husk portion
must be of a character other than comminution of the inner
body of the gain.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, especially 287 and 482+, for processes of removing
food grain husks, per se, or combined with chemical or other
food working operations.
Subclass:
8
Processes and apparatus in which the comminution or
disintegration is combined with the step of operating on the
whole seed prior to comminution by the application of a fluid
thereto or the heating or cooling thereof.
(1) Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL of the
class definition of this class for notes to related art on
heating, cooling, or drying, and a discussion of the lines
followed with other classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for processes involving the application of a fluid to, or
the heating or cooling of, whole seeds in order to detach or
loosen the husk portions.
12 for processes in which fluid is applied to comminuted
seed parts rather than whole seed.
15 for processes in which fluid is applied to material other
than cereal or other seeds.
62 and 65, for apparatus in which the comminutor or
disintegrator is combined with means to apply a fluid to or
heat or cool the material prior to being treated in the
comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses,
for apparatus including the application of a fluid to or
heating or cooling of cereal or other seeds to carry out
operations not provided for as combinations in this class.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in
which the comminution or disintegration is combined with an
operation on the material to separate or classify it into
classes or grades according to their physical
characteristics.
(1) Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition
of this class for notes to related separating classes and a
statement of the lines followed relative to those classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 and 20, for related processes applied to material other
than cereal or other seeds and involving the use of a fluid.
24.1 for a process related to that of this subclass, applied
to material other than cereal or other seed.
68 for comminuting or disintegrating apparatus combined with
means to separate or classify the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for
processes and apparatus for separating or classifying
material.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Processes in
which one or more of the grades or classes of separated
material is recombined with another separated part or is
recirculated to combine with material not yet operated on by
the separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 61 and 80, for apparatus in which material is recirculated
between the comminutor and separator.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Processes in
which the material is subjected to successive alternate
comminuting and separating operations, each operation
occurring two or more times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 and 20, for processes including alternate successive
comminuting and separating steps in which the latter includes
the use of a fluid.
24.1 for a process having the above defined characteristic
applied to material other than cereal or other seed.
76 and the notes thereto, for corresponding apparatus.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in
which the comminution or disintegration is combined with the
step of applying a fluid to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for processes involving the application of a fluid to
whole seeds.
15 for processes directed to the comminution or
disintegration of materials other than cereals or other seeds
and including the step of applying fluid to the material.
38 for comminuting or disintegrating apparatus combined with
means to apply a fluid to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for processes and apparatus of drying and/or gas
or vapor contact with material.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 288,
482+ and 507+, for processes involving the application of a
fluid to cereal and other seeds.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in
which the seed or seed part is subjected to a plurality of
comminuting or disintegrating operations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for plural successive comminuting or disintegrating steps
applied to material other than seeds or seed parts.
152.1 for apparatus including a plurality of comminuting
zones arranged for serial flow of material therethrough.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which solids comprising mixed or bonded
materials of diverse character are subjected to such a step
of comminution or disintegration that one of the mixed or
bonded materials is reduced in size to a greater extent than
another of the materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for processes in which, during the comminution of the
material, a shape is imparted to certain ingredients.
6 for differential comminution or disintegration of cereal
or other seeds.
102 for comminuting apparatus in which the surface of the
elements are deformable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 4, for
treatment other than comminution for selectively changing the
characteristics of ingredients of a mixture to enable better
separation of the material into grades.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 483, for the process including abrading to
remove outer covering of food plant material.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which operation of comminuting or disintegrating
is (1) combined with one or more steps of applying a fluid or
lubricant to the material or (2) is carried out in the
presence of a previously applied fluid.
(1) Note. The fluid may be applied before, during, and/or
after the comminuting operation.
(2) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for processes in which material which is movably suspended
in or projected through, a fluid is comminuted or
disintegrated by utilizing its kinetic energy.
8 9+ and 12, for processes of comminuting cereals or other
seeds or seed parts combined with steps of applying a fluid
to the material.
38 for apparatus in which the comminutor or disintegrator is
combined with, or embodies, means to apply a fluid to the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
processes and apparatus for contacting solids with gas or
vapor.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, for processes and apparatus
for conveying material by a fluid current.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in
which a fluid is applied (1) to aid dispersion of the
comminuted particles in a fluid, or (2) to prevent chemical
reaction in the material (including oxidation or ignition),
deliquescence, agglomeration of the comminuted particles or
frothing of the fluid suspending medium.
(1) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
22 for comminuting processes involving the addition of
solids to the material which may have one of the above stated
functions.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in
which the steps of comminuting or disintegrating and applying
a fluid to the material are combined with an additional
heating or cooling step.
(1) Note. The added step of heating or cooling may be
effected by a further application of a heated or cooled
fluid.
(2) Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL of the
class definition of this class for a statement of the line
followed between this class and those dealing with the
heating, cooling, or drying of material.
(3) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for processes in which the comminuting or disintegrating
is combined with a single application of a gas or vapor to
effect a heating or cooling of the material.
41 for apparatus including means for applying fluid at a
plurality of points.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for processes and apparatus involving plural
steps of applying gas or vapor to solid material.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in
which the fluid applied to the material comprises a gas or
vapor.
(1) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for apparatus including means for applying gas or vapor
to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, and the
notes thereto, for processes and apparatus for applying gas
or vapor to solid material.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Processes in
which the gas or vapor is applied to effect a separation or
classification of the material.
(1) Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for a statement
relative to related art and the lines followed with other
classes.
(2) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for similar processes applied to cereals or other seeds.
38 for apparatus including means to apply a gas or vapor to
effect a separation of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, especially 133, and the notes
thereto, for processes and apparatus for separating or
classifying material through the use of a gas or vapor.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in
which there is applied to the material a liquid which
functions to effect a separation or classification of the
material according to its physical characteristics.
(1) Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition for a statement relative to
related art and the lines followed with other classes.
(2) Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class
Definition of this class for a statement relative to related
art and the lines with other classes as to the formation of
suspension or colloids by comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for processes involving the use of a liquid separating or
classifying agent as applied to cereal or other seeds.
38 for comminuting or disintegrating apparatus combined with
means to apply a liquid to the material either to effect a
separation or classification or for some other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus for
separating and classifying material including steps of or
means for applying liquid to the material.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in
which the liquid is applied to the material or the material
is treated in a liquid, for the purpose of forming a pulp or
suspension of the material particles therein.
(1) Note. See SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for a statement
relative to related art and the lines followed with other
classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 especially 46.01+, for apparatus in which the comminution
or disintegration is effected in a body of liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus for paper making, and
see Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of this
class for the stated line between Class 162 and Class 241.
366, Agitating, for processes and apparatus for mixing solids
and liquids to form a pulp or suspension but including no
comminution.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
combined with the step of adding a solid to the material.
(1) Note. See CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES and Lines With Other Classes of the class
definition of this class for a statement of the line followed
with the composition classes as to processes including the
addition of solids to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for processes including the application of a fluid to the
material. Where the added material is solid when applied, but
changes its form to a fluid while applied to the material,
this has been considered to be fluid application for
subclasses 15+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for processes for
forming coating or plastic compositions by the comminution or
disintegration of a plurality of ingredients.
252, Compositions, for processes of forming compositions by
comminution of a plurality of solids.
451, Abrading, 32 for an abrading process involving the
addition of a loose abrasive to the material.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the step of comminution or disintegration
is combined with the step of modifying or maintaining the
temperature of the material by the application of heat to, or
the extraction of heat from, the material, other than by the
application of a fluid directly thereto.
(1) Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines
With Other Classes of the class definition of this class for
notes to related arts and a statement of the lines followed
with related classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for processes involving heating or cooling of whole
seeds.
15 for processes in which a fluid is applied to the material
to modify the temperature thereof or for other purposes,
including, in subclass 18, the combination with an additional
heating or cooling step.
18 see note to subclass 15 above.
65 and the notes thereto, for comminuting or disintegrating
apparatus combined with means to modify the temperature of
the material.
Subclass:
24.1
With classifying or separating of material:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Process in which the material, in addition to undergoing the
comminuting or disintegrating operation, is subjected to
sorting, (i.e., a classification or separation) according to
the physical characteristics of the component separated from
other components of the material.
(1) Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for notes to
related art and for a statement of the lines followed with
related classes.
(2) Note. Included herein is sorting a single-type material
according to size, color, or quality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for a process including the combined steps of comminuting
and separating or classifying as applied to cereal and other
seed or seeds parts.
19 for a process of comminuting combined with sorting by use
of a gas or vapor.
20 for a process directed to the combination of comminuting
with separating or classifying by use of a liquid.
68 for comminuting apparatus combined with means to classify
or separate the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for a
process for subjecting the material to a classification or
separation when not combined with significant comminuting.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, and see the reference
to Class 210 in References to Other Classes of the class
definition of this class.
Subclass:
24.11
Including separating liquid from solid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting a component in
the flowable state from a component in the nonflowable
state.
(1) Note. Pelletized solid material is not a liquid since it
is not "in the flowable state" even though it may flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for comminuting combined with sorting by use of material
in the gaseous state wherein the gaseous material is utilized
to enhance the sorting operation.
20 for comminuting combined with sorting by use of material
in the liquid state wherein the liquid material is utilized
to enhance the sorting operation.
Subclass:
24.12
Of plural, diverse materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a first
component of a first material from a second component that is
of a distinct material.
(1) Note. Sorting of material according to size, quality, or
color is not included herein.
Subclass:
24.13
Including metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a component
that is of any category of electropositive elements that are
usually whitish, lustrous, and in the transition metals,
typically ductile and malleable with high tensile strength.
Subclass:
24.14
Magnetically, electrostatically, or by use of eddy currents:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.13. Process of
comminuting and separating (a) utilizing magnetic attraction
to draw out a ferrous, or ferrouslike component, (b)
utilizing an electrostatic charge on the particles of a
certain component of the material and sorting accordingly, or
(c) utilizing the waves generated by moving electrical
current to effect the sorting.
Subclass:
24.15
Sorting by use of sieve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.13. Process of
comminuting and separating including utilizing a member
having a mass of restrictive openings to pass through the
small particles of a first component of material and prevent
passage of the large particles of the second component.
(1) Note. The first and second components of this subclass
are of different material, not simply large and small
particles of the same material.
Subclass:
24.16
Including food:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a component
to be used for edible consumption by an animal or fish.
(1) Note. Sorting of waste food product to be used as plant
fertilizer is not included herein.
Subclass:
24.17
Including rubber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out vulcanized
sap of the rubber tree, or sorting out manufactured material
that is similar thereto.
Subclass:
24.18
Including plastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a petroleum
based solid component, or a component that is similar
thereto.
Subclass:
24.19
Including fibrous material, e.g., paper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a component
consisting of masses of strands which may be aligned to
enhance their strength.
Subclass:
24.2
Wood or bark:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.19. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting the fibrous
component of material in the state produced by a growing
plant.
(1) Note. Included herein is comminuting and separating of
bagasse, material made from the sugar cane plant.
Subclass:
24.21
Sorting by use of sieve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.19. Process of
comminuting and separating including utilizing a member
having a mass of restrictive openings to pass through the
small particles of a first component of material and prevent
passage of the large particles of the second component.
(1) Note. The first and second components of this subclass
are of different material, not simply large and small
particles of the same material.
Subclass:
24.22
Including glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting a component
comprised of brittle, siliceous material that has previously
been melted, or material that is similar thereto.
Subclass:
24.23
Including clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a component
comprised of very fine earthen particles.
Subclass:
24.24
Including coal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting out a component
comprised of hard, carbonaceous earthen material.
(1) Note. "Soft" coal is considered to be hard under this
definition; peat is not.
Subclass:
24.25
Of metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting of material that
is of any category of electropositive elements that are
usually whitish, lustrous, and in the transition metals,
typically ductile and malleable with high tensile strength.
Subclass:
24.26
Of food:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting material to be
used for edible consumption by an animal or fish.
(1) Note. Sorting of waste food product to be used as plant
fertilizer is not included herein.
Subclass:
24.27
Of rubber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting vulcanized sap
of the rubber tree, or sorting manufactured material that is
similar thereto.
Subclass:
24.28
Of plastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting petroleum based
solid material, or sorting material that is similar thereto.
Subclass:
24.29
Of fibrous material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating particularly adapted to sort
material consisting of masses of strands which may be aligned
to enhance their strength.
Subclass:
24.3
Of glass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting brittle,
siliceous material that has previously been melted, or
material that is similar thereto.
Subclass:
24.31
Of coal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of
comminuting and separating including sorting hard,
carbonaceous earthen material.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the step of comminuting the material is
combined with process steps for other purposes and not
provided for above.
(1) Note. The combined steps are in addition to the steps of
feeding and/or discharging the material from the comminuting
zone, controlling the flow to, through or from the
comminuting zone, additional comminuting or disintegrating
steps, and altering the atmospheric pressure within the
comminuting zone.
(2) Note. In this subclass, for example, will be found
comminuting steps combined with steps of adding material to
the feed to clean the comminuting surfaces, or steps of
polishing the comminuted particles.
(3) Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for
particular combinations within this definition but which are
specifically provided for above.
(4) Note. See the class definition for combinations of
comminuting steps with steps of other types that are provided
for in other classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101.01 for corresponding combined appara-tus.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the comminution is effected by causing one
portion of the material to move relatively to another portion
and in contact therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 and 39+, for processes and apparatus in which fluid
suspended material is comminuted by mutual attrition.
30 and 170+, for processes and apparatus in which the
comminution or disintegration is effected by loose
comminuting bodies which move relative to the material.
274 and 284, in order to complete the search.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, 32 and 326+ for a process or apparatus for
abrading by tumbling.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the comminution or disintegration of the
material is effected by subjecting the particles thereof to a
blow by a moving surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 and 39, for processes and apparatus in which material in a
fluid stream is subjected to a blow by a moving surface.
86 185.5-197, for apparatus for comminuting material by
subjecting it to the action of rotary striking members.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the material which is comminuted is wood
or other fibrous plant material.
(1) Note. See FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL and Lines With
Other Classes of the class definition of this class for notes
to related art and a general statement of the lines followed
relative to classes dealing with fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for processes of comminuting or disintegrating wood or
similar material to release liquids contained therein.
6 for processes of treating cereal or other seeds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, for cutting methods and apparatus.
144, Woodworking, for a miscellaneous process or machine for
wood working to form a shape.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses, for processes and apparatus for comminuting
fibrous material combined with a chemical treatment.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which all, or a portion of, the material is
subjected to a plurality of comminuting or disintegrating
operations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for processes of subjecting seeds to a plurality of
successive comminuting steps.
152.1 and the notes thereto, for apparatus for subjecting
material to a plurality of successive comminuting
operations.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous processes not provided for above.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to prevent the occurrence of
explosions, to relieve the effects thereof, or to shield
certain parts of the apparatus therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 455 for relief valves of general
application.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with a means which rigidly connects two
comminutor parts under normal working conditions but which,
on the imposition of an overload, will disconnect the parts
to prevent damage to the comminutor.
(1) Note. Included are devices having parts connected by
shear pins, resettable latches and the like. Mere relief
means such as biasing means for comminutor members are not
included but are classified on some other basis below. For
example, see subclasses 121+, 127+, 211, 230+, and 286.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 169 for roll type presses having
yieldable mountings for the roll.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, 56.1 and 150 for stop
mechanisms including overload releases.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, 30 for shaft couplings
including overload release.
Subclass:
32.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having motor circuit control means, the control
movement of which is governed by the particular orientation
or position of a sink outlet stopper.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, 650 for sink
details not restricted in utility to "garbage disposers".
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 61.86
for fluid controlling valve actuators whose operation
concurrently makes or breaks a circuit, and subclass 81.9 for
flow responsive switches.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to sense a condition which
means causes the operation of a control device.
(1) Note. Comminuting members, valve bodies, and like
members, which are contacted and moved or operated by the
material were considered to be excluded by the above
definition and will be found classified below. See the
appended notes.
(2) Note. References under "Search Class" below and similar
notes to the definitions of the indented subclasses will be
found to include only those classes having automatic control
features most nearly analogous to the subject matter of this
class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for nonautomatic gas flow control means.
82 for trap chambers having projected material operated
closures.
121 127+, 211, 230+, and 286+, for yieldingly mounted
comminutor elements adapted to move under abnormal pressure
of the material thereagainst.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 524 and the
notes thereto, for automatic control for apparatus for
applying gas or vapor to solids.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 486 for automatic
controls in food treating apparatus.
100, Presses, 43 for presses not elsewhere provided for and
having automatic or material triggered control.
192, Clutches and Power Stop Control, 116.5, for
automatically controlled stop mechanisms of general
application.
222, Dispensing, 52, and the notes thereto for dispensers,
per se, having automatic controls.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in
which the means automatically controlled is either the
mechanism which feeds material to the comminuting zone or the
feed control means.
(1) Note. The various feeding subclasses of this class and
the notes thereto should be searched for non-automatic feed
controlling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for automatic feed controls for comminutors which
comprise overload release means.
63 for nonautomatic feed control means which simultaneously
controls the drive and/or surface positioning means of the
comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 45, for presses not elsewhere provided
for and having automatic or triggered control of material
addition, depositing or discharging.
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, appropriate subclasses, for
conveyors, per se, having automatic controls.
222, Dispensing, 52, for automatically controlled feeders,
per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses,
for material handling devices, per se, having automatic
controls.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus in
which the condition to which the feed control is responsive
is the speed of, or the effort exerted by, the comminutor
drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for devices including means to automatically control the
comminutor drive means.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in
which the automatic control effects a change in the operation
of the drive means for the comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for automatic control devices for comminutor drive
mechanisms which comprise overload release means.
63 for nonautomatic drive control means which simultaneously
controls the feed and/or surface positioning means of the
comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 48 for presses not elsewhere provided
for, and having automatic or material triggered control of
the press actuating means.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, 116.5, for stop
mechanisms, per se.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in
which the automatic control means effects a change in the
spacing of cooperating comminuting surfaces from each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for automatic control devices for comminuting surface
positioning means comprising overload release means.
63 for nonautomatic surface positioning means which
simultaneously controls the feed and/or drive means of the
comminutor.
Subclass:
37.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with a safety feature to guard the user
from physical harm.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 478 for tool-guard means, and
subclasses 544+ for guard means, any of which means protects
the user as it protects the tool.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including, or combined with, means for applying a
fluid to the material.
(1) Note. The application of the fluid may occur before,
during, or after, the comminution.
(2) Note. The term "means" as used above has been
interpreted for the purpose of this classification to include
any apparatus including the mill elements themselves, for
inducing the flow of a fluid current or any instrumentalities
controlling or directing the passage of fluid to or from the
material. Devices disclosed for treating solids in fluid
suspension, but claiming no "means for applying a fluid" as
defined and interpreted above were not classified in this
group but will be found in other subclasses on the basis of
the claimed combination.
(3) Note. In general this class provides (in this group) the
generic place for the combination of a comminutor with means
to apply a gas, vapor, or liquid to the solid material being
treated, without regard to the nature of the fluid applied or
the purpose of the application. Accordingly, the devices
found here include comminutors combined with means employing
a fluid to heat or cool the material, separate it into
grades, convey it, subject it to a chemical reaction, cook
the material, etc. Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact
With Solids, provides the generic place for apparatus, per
se, for applying gases or vapors to solids (see the class
definition of Class 34 for the line with this class) and
Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, provides
for the generic subject matter, per se, of applying liquids
to solid material. For the various special fluid application
classes, a study of the notes to the aforementioned two
classes should be made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 5, 8, 9+, 12, and 15+, for corresponding processes.
68 for apparatus including means for contacting the material
with mercury coated plated or other coated objects. These
devices were not interpreted to be fluid treatment
combinations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, see (3)
Note. above.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 516 for apparatus that
applies a fluid to food.
100, Presses, 73 for presses not elsewhere classified,
having additionally, means to apply fluid to the material.
110, Furnaces, subclass 106, for furnaces provided with means
to apply a conveying fluid to the material as well as means
to comminute it.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, see (3) Note
above.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses, for paper making and fiber liberation apparatus
combined with comminuting devices, and especially 234 and
261.
451, Abrading, 449 and 456 for an abrading device having
structure similar to comminutors provided with fluid supply
means.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in
which the movement of a fluid by which the material is
suspended is employed to effect the comminution of the
material.
(1) Note. The distinction between the patents included in
this subclass and those in the other fluid application
subclasses, is that the devices herein employ the movement of
the fluid, viz., its kinetic energy, to effect the
comminution of the material to which it has been applied.
(2) Note. Comminuting devices which project the material
against a surface without supporting it on a moving fluid
current are not included herein. Numerous devices of this
type will be found elsewhere in this class, see particularly
subclasses 91 and 274+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for corresponding processes.
91 see (2) Note above.
185.5 through 197, and the notes thereto, for apparatus in
which material is subjected to impact by rotary members but
in which there is no substantial suspension of the material
in a moving fluid current.
274 see (2) Note. above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 519 for
corresponding grain hullers.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 268 for fluid handling systems
having holder means for solid, flaky or pulverized material
to be dissolved or entrained.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 310 and 336
for spraying devices provided with means to entrain a solid
in a flowing fluid stream.
366, Agitating, 336 for agitation effected by fluid kinetic
energy by means of a stationary deflector in a flow-through
mixing chamber.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses, for
fluid current conveyors, per se.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus in
which the fluid type comminution is due solely to the impact
of fluid suspended material carried at a right angle against
a stationary abutment surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 300, for apparatus for projecting
material against a stationary surface to be coated.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
provided with means for applying fluid to the same material
or a portion thereof at a plurality of spaced points in the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for processes in which fluid is applied to the material a
plurality of times at least one such application being for
the purpose of heating or cooling the material.
39 for fluid comminutors having plural fluid applying
means.
43 for plural comminutors each of which may be provided with
a single means for applying fluid to the material.
52 and 61, for apparatus in which material is recirculated
to the fluid applying zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, 93 for fluid current
conveyors, per se, provided with plural, spaced fluid
applying means, and see the notes thereto.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in
which the material is treated in a plurality of comminuting
zones which may be arranged so that the material passes
serially or in parallel therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for devices having a plurality of comminuting zones in
which fluid is applied to the material in some manner other
than that defined as characteristic of this group.
52 and 61, for apparatus in which the material is
recirculated between a single fluid applying zone and a
single comminuting zone.
134 and 152.1+, and the notes thereto for apparatus
embodying plural comminuting zones without the fluid applying
feature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 520 for similar plural
grain hulling zones.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of distinct comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for plural fluid comminutors.
42 for apparatus provided with a plurality of distinct
comminuting zones and in which fluid is applied to the same
material at a plurality of spaced points.
52 and 61, for apparatus provided with fluid applying means
in which the material is recirculated to the same comminuting
zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 520 for similar plural
grain hulling zones.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus in
which the material flows in parallel paths through the plural
comminuting zones.
(1) Note. The fluid may be applied to the material before it
has separated into parallel flow paths, while it is flowing
in separate paths, or after the paths have been joined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for parallel flow plural comminutors.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus in
which the fluid is applied in the form of a generally
horizontal current which flows successively past the plural
comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for devices employing a horizontal gas current through a
rotary comminuting drum, which provides only a single
comminuting zone.
Subclass:
46.01
Liquid submerged comminuting zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus
provided with means for maintaining the comminuting zone
wholly or partially submerged in a liquid.
(1) Note. The comminuting zone of this subclass may contain
standing liquid or may direct passage of liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for apparatus intended to comminute material supported in
moving fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 516 for means to apply
fluid to treat food.
Subclass:
46.012
Combined with dishwasher:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus in
combination with means to remove foreign material from a
vessel intended to contain food.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101.2 for a comminutor combined with a noncomminuting
material treating means, generally.
185.6 for the combination of a comminuting device with a
pump, generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, especially
subclass 121.1 for a device of that class including an
impeller which may comminute material passing therethrough.
Subclass:
46.013
Under-sink garbage disposal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
for means to comminute kitchen food waste, which means is in
series with the drain line of a sink.
(1) Note. "Means for applying fluid to material" may
comprise a sink faucet to which the disposal is attached, and
need not be positively recited for classification herein.
Subclass:
46.014
Having particular housing structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.013. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to a particular housing
construction, material, or feature (e.g., mounting means,
journal bearing, sound insulation, or of particular housing
material).
(1) Note. A housing structure is considered "particular",
only if the particular feature is recited in a claim.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
285 for comminutor housing structure not otherwise provided
for.
Subclass:
46.015
Provision to mount to sink:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.014. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to the structure utilized
in securing the apparatus to be supported, in use, by a
kitchen countertop basin.
Subclass:
46.016
Inlet provision:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.014. Apparatus
including a positively recited passageway through which
material to be comminuted enters the device from the sink,
e.g., a strainer, splash guard, or cap.
(1) Note. The "inlet provision" of this subclass may
comprise means to (a) limit the maximum size of material
entering the comminuting zone or (b) prevent material from
coming out of the comminuting zone via the entrance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32.5 for a sink drain stopper having an interlock to prevent
operation of a garbage disposal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, 286 for a sink
stopper, strainer, etc., per se.
Subclass:
46.017
Striker having vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
including comminuting means comprising a striker having a
vertical axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for a comminutor of the cooperating rotary type having a
vertical axis wherein there is axial or radial flow of
material.
Subclass:
46.02
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
including means to effect a translatory movement of
material.
Subclass:
46.04
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
wherein the position of related components of the apparatus
may be varied prior to or during a comminuting operation to
accomplish a desired result.
Subclass:
46.06
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of elements which elements are so
related in position and relative motion that coaction
therebetween effect a material comminution operation.
Subclass:
46.08
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus
wherein a striking element is movably secured to a rotary
member which member generates an external force upon the
element in such a manner that the element is urged against a
cooperating surface with a blow-like effect which comminutes
material caught therebetween.
Subclass:
46.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus
wherein a stirring means turns upon an axis to create a
turbulent motion of the liquid which motion generates a
comminuting agitating force upon submerged material for its
disintegration.
Subclass:
46.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus
wherein a first member, moves with a to-and-fro motion
relative to a second associated member which first and second
members effect a comminuting action during such first member
movement.
Subclass:
46.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus
provided with a rolling member having a fixed or changeable
axis which member engages a supporting surface or contacts
like members for comminuting material collected
therebetween.
Subclass:
46.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus
wherein the cause of liquid excitement is a stirring means
which turns upon an axis to create a turbulent motion of the
liquid which motion generates a comminuting agitating force
upon submerged material for its disintegration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for similar type fluid agitating means in
combination with a separate holding or handling device for
solid materials or objects which are to be cleaned or
contacted by fluid.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses for the agitation of a liquid containing fibrous
material wherein some chemical or solvent action upon the
fibrous material takes place.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclasses for the mixing and
agitation of liquids or liquids combined with solids.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in
which the applied fluid is a gaseous current which flows
through the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for fluid comminutors in which gas passes through the
comminuting zone.
60 for apparatus in which fluid is applied to the material
after it has been discharged from the comminuting zone.
62 for apparatus in which fluid is applied to the material
before it enters the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses, for
fluid current conveyors, per se.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which gas that has left the comminuting zone is recirculated
thereto..
(1) Note. The gas may undergo treatment of some form, i.e.,
heating, cooling, cleaning, etc., before being reapplied to
the material or may be used to recirculate insufficiently
comminuted material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for apparatus in which the oversize material, but not the
gas current, is recirculated to the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which material suspended in a gaseous current is conveyed to
a separating screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, 490 and the subclasses which follow for
separators of the screen type for separating solids from a
gas current.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 528 for grain
hulling apparatus having a screen and gas moving means.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting, Solids, 21, 250
and 318, for separators, per se, in which the material is
conveyed by a gas current to a separating screen for
separation into grades.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in
which the material is elevated to a screen by a fan member or
members mounted on the comminutor drive shaft or on the shaft
of a rotary comminuting element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for apparatus in which the fan is mounted on the
comminuting element shaft but the material is not applied to
a screen.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in
which the screen to which the material is applied forms a
part of the surface against which the comminution takes
place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for apparatus including screen type comminuting members
but which involve no fluid current.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 518 for grain hullers in
combination with fluid application which may have a
perforated member therewith.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which means is provided to return to the comminuting zone
oversize material which has been removed by the gas current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for such apparatus involving the return of the gas
current to the comminuting zone.
80 for devices having means to return oversize to a
comminutor from a nonfluid type separator.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus in
which the gas is moved through the comminuting zone by
suction applied above and coaxially of a comminuting member
or members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for similar combinations in which no return flow means
for the oversize is claimed.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which a rotary drum forms the comminuting zone through a
substantial part of which passes a gas current which
progresses in a generally horizontal direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for apparatus in which a horizontal gas current passes
through a succession of rotary drums or compartments of a
single drum.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which the gas moving means is attached to a comminuting
element or comprises the comminuting element itself.
(1) Note. Comminuting elements provided with gas moving
means are included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 185.5, 222, and 245, for discharge members attached to
rotary comminuting elements which do not move at such a speed
as to create an air current but merely move the material to a
discharge opening.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 530 for a grain
huller having a gas-moving means integral therewith.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which the gas moving means is mounted on the same shaft with
a rotary comminuting element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for such devices in which the gas moving means applies
the material to a screen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 531 for a grain
huller and gas mover coaxially separated.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which the gas is applied in a relatively localized area
within the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in
which the gaseous current through the comminuting zone is
caused by the application of suction above and coaxially of
at least one of the comminuting members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for apparatus as defined but in which provision is made
for the return of oversize material to the comminuting zone.
56 for apparatus in which the suction is applied above and
coaxially of the comminuting member by a gas moving means
mounted on the same shaft.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus
provided with means to control the flow of gas and/or through
the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for automatic means to control the flow of gas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses, particularly 594
to 637+ for multiple valves.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
154 and 502, for gas flow control means in separators.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, for valves, per se, for
controlling gas flow.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in
which the fluid is applied subsequently to the comminuting
operation.
(1) Note. Many of the so-called amalgamating mills in which
material leaving the comminuting zone is treated by a
mercurial bath to separate the values are included in this
subclass. Where the material is subjected to the separating
action of a plate which has been coated with an amalgamating
material, it was not considered, for purposes of this
classification, to have been treated by a fluid, and these
combinations have been classified with the other separator
combinations in subclass 68.
(2) Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines
With Other Classes of the class definition. Where the
disclosed purpose of applying fluid subsequent to comminuting
is for supporting combustion the combination is classifiable
in Class 110.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for devices in which the fluid is applied both during the
comminuting operation and subsequent thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 518 for a grain huller
wherein fluid application may be subsequent to hulling.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solid, 174, for
amalgamator separators, per se.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in
which at least a portion of the material is returned to the
comminuting zone from the fluid application zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for corresponding processes applied to cereal grains and
the like.
52 for apparatus in which material is removed from the
comminuting zone by a gas current and is then recirculated to
the comminuting zone.
80 for apparatus in which the oversize material from a
nonfluid applying separator is recirculated to the
comminuting zone.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in
which the fluid is applied prior to the comminuting
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for corresponding processes applied to cereal seeds and
the like.
47 for devices in which the fluid is applied both before and
during the comminuting operation.
61 for devices in which the fluid is applied both subsequent
to and prior to the comminuting operation.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with feed means, drive means and/or
surface positioning means so inter-related that two or more
of them may be controlled simultaneously by a single
operating member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for such devices embodying an automatic control.
100 for comminutors in which the drive therefor is
controlled by the positioning of a receiving receptacle at
the comminutor outlet.
135 for inter-related feed devices for comminutors arranged
for parallel flow of material.
145 for parallel roll mills having means to simultaneously
position separate rolls by a single operator.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus
limited to the simultaneous control of inter-related feed
means and surface positioning means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for such devices embodying an automatic control means.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to modify the temperature of
the material being treated.
(1) Note. The temperature modifying treatment may take place
before, during, or after the comminution.
(2) Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines
With Other Classes of the class definition of this class for
notes to related art and for a statement of the lines
followed with the various heating, cooling and drying
classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 17, 23, for processes involving comminution combined with
steps of heating or cooling.
38 for comminuting devices in which the temperature
modification is effected by the application of a fluid to the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids.
62, Refrigeration, particularly 320.
100, Presses, subclass 92 for presses not elsewhere provided
for, with means for heating, cooling or drying the material.
110, Furnaces.
126, Stoves and Furnaces.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for temperature
modifying structure, per se.
219, Electric Heating.
432, Heating.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Apparatus in
which the heating or cooling of the material is accomplished
by means which modifies the temperature of a comminuting
member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 47 for a structurally installed
heat exchange arrangement.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus in
which the temperature of a moving comminuting element is
modified by fluid within or carried by the element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 200 for roll coolers and heaters in
metal rolling mills.
100, Presses, 300 for presses not elsewhere classified
having heating or cooling means.
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 87 for a screw type impeller,
and subclasses 92+ for a stirrer or scraper, with passages
for heat exchange fluid.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to separate or classify the
material undergoing treatment according to the physical
characteristics of the parts separated.
(1) Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for notes to
related art and for a statement of the lines followed with
the separating classes.
(2) Note. Classification in this group is proper only if the
separator consists of means other than the elements which
effect the comminution. Where the separation is effected by
the comminuting elements or a portion thereof, the patents
have been classified elsewhere in the class. See, for
example, subclasses 82, 83+ and 96.
(3) Note. For purposes of this classification, where
material is subjected to a plurality of successive separating
operations, without an intermediate comminution, (e.g., where
the material flows over and through a plurality of superposed
screens) the operation is considered in its entirety as a
single separation (i.e., separating zone) to obtain a
plurality of grades.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24.1 for the corresponding process.
38 for comminutors combined with separators which involve
the application of a fluid to the material.
82 83+ and 96 (see (1) Note above).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for separating
solids from gases, per se.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 601 for a grain huller
that segregates diverse materials.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, and the notes thereto, for apparatus
for separating solids into grades.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, and see the reference to Class 210 in References
To Other Classes of the class definition of this class.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the separating means comprises a screen or grating so
arranged relative to the comminuting mechanism as to allow
the discharge of sufficiently comminuted material during the
comminuting operation, while the oversize material is
retained within the comminuting zone for further treatment.
(1) Note. The line maintained between this group and
subclasses 79+ is that where the material has been fed to a
screen from the comminuting zone in such a way that a
conveyor (other than the comminuting elements) would be
necessary to return it to the zone, then the material has not
been merely retained within the zone, as is necessary for
this group, and the device is properly classifiable in
subclasses 79+. However, where the arrangement is such that
following treatment by the comminuting elements the material
is so fed to the screen that the oversize is presented again
to the comminuting elements by mere gravity flow or by action
of the comminuting elements, then it is considered that the
oversize has been merely "retained" as defined above, and
such devices are classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for discharge permitting screens associated with means to
apply a fluid to the material to convey it to the screen.
83 for comminutors provided with discharge permitting
screens but in which the screen elements acts to accomplish
at least a portion of the comminuting operation (see (1) Note
under subclass 68).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 233 and
the notes thereto for sifters, per se.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in
which the discharge permitting screen forms a partition or
end wall in a rotary comminuting drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 105, 115, 137, and 153, for rotary comminuting drums
provided with partitions which do not have a separating
function.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of screening partitions or end
walls.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus in
which the material is presented to and flows past the plural
partitions in succession.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in
which the screen is in the form of an arc which is concentric
with the axis of rotation of a separate rotary comminuting
member which cooperates with a member on which the arcuate
screen is mounted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 and 90, for arcuate screens which cooperate with rotary
comminuting members to assist in the comminuting operation.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in
which the discharge permitting screen takes the form of an
annular screen which surrounds the comminuting zone or is
mounted thereabove.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for devices having such screens combined with elevating
fan means to apply material thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 605 for a grain huller
having a cylindrical or conical perforated enclosure.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the material flows (1) from a single comminuting zone
in separate paths to a plurality of separators, (2) from a
single separator in separate paths to a plurality of
comminuting zones, or (3) in separate paths through a
plurality of separating and comminuting zones, or any
combination of features (1), (2) and (3).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 and 44, for such combinations involving the application
of a fluid to the material.
74 for similar structures but in which screen partitions
retain the material within the comminuting zone until
sufficiently reduced.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Devices in
which the material flows alternately in succession through a
plurality of distinct comminuting zones and distinct
separating zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for corresponding processes applied to cereal grains.
42 for such devices in which the separation involves the
application of a fluid to the material.
72 for similar structures but in which the material is
retained within the comminuting zones until sufficiently
reduced.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the material flows from one separator through a
comminuting zone to another separator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for such devices in which the separation involves the
application of a fluid to the material.
76 for the above defined combination provided with an
additional comminutor or comminutor-separator combinations
through which the material flows in series.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the material flows from one comminuting zone through a
separator to another comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 and 43+, for such combinations in which the separation
involves the application of a fluid to the material.
76 for the above combination provided with additional
separators or separator-comminutor combinations through which
the material flows in series.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the material flows from a comminuting zone to a
separator.
(1) Note. Classification in this subclass is proper only if
the separation takes place in a zone that is so spaced from
the comminuting zone that a conveying means would be
necessary to return the material to the comminuting zone. For
screen type separators wherein oversize material is retained
in the comminuting zone, see subclasses 69+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 and 60, for such combinations in which the separation
involves the application of a fluid to the material.
76 77 and 78, for the above combination provided with
additional separators and/or comminutors through which the
material flows in series.
Subclass:
79.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device provided
with means to separate materials by electrostatic or magnetic
attraction, differences in material densities, adherence to a
surface, or by combination of material at the molecular
level.
Subclass:
79.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device having a
disintegrating member which revolves in an arc of at least
369 deg. about a fixed axis, the device being provided with a
perforated separating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185.5 through 197, 220+ and 277+, for rotary comminuting
members not provided with material classifiers.
Subclass:
79.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.2. Device
provided with a perforated separating surface which revolves
about a fixed axis in an arc of at least 360 deg..
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in
which material classified as oversize in the separator is
conveyed back to the comminuting zone for retreatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for corresponding methods applied to cereal grains.
52 and 61+, for comminutor-separator combinations in which
the oversize is returned to the comminuting zone but which
involve the application of a fluid to the material.
69 for devices where the material is retained within the
comminuting zone until sufficiently reduced in size.
97 for comminutors combined with recirculation means.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in
which the material flows from a separator to a comminuting
zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for such combinations in which the separation involves
the application of a fluid to the material.
76 77 and 78, for the above combination provided with
additional separators and/or comminutors through which the
material flows in series.
96 for devices in which the comminuting surface or surfaces
reject oversize material before passing to the comminuting
zone.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with a chamber into which the material of
certain characteristics is projected by the movement of the
comminuting members and is thus prevented from passing to the
comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 and the notes thereto for comminutors provided with means
to separate material of certain characteristics from the feed
to the comminutor, but in which the separator is distinct
from the comminuting elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
642, for article assorters, per se, which involve the use of
a thrower.
Subclass:
82.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including a part having a shape that is generally
cylindroidal, on the periphery of which is a ridge that
circumscribes the cylindroid for a plurality of convolutions
that are spaced from each other parallel to the centerline of
the cylindroid, which part rotates within the confines of a
casing and an element having a plurality of apertures that
serve as passageways for the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for a rotary propeller or screw feeding or discharge
means.
Subclass:
82.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus
provided with means to change the size of the pieces of
product that emerge from the passageways.
Subclass:
82.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus
wherein the surface provided with passageways is a curved
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89.3 for a perforated concave surface without a claimed
helical pusher.
Subclass:
82.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of comminuters (e.g., knives) that
turn about a common axis, and that act on the material in
succession.
(1) Note. The turning comminuters are in addition to the
helical pusher.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for series material flow through plural comminuting
zones.
Subclass:
82.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus
provided with a revolving comminutor (e.g., knife) which acts
on the work before the work goes through the openings in the
perforated member.
Subclass:
82.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.5. Apparatus
wherein the casing which surrounds the cylindroidal part has
an irregular interior surface (e.g., ribs) cooperating with
such part.
Subclass:
82.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus
provided with a revolving comminuter (e.g., knife) which acts
on the work after it has passed through the passageways in
the apertured element.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which at least a portion of the comminuting
surface which is presented to the material to effect the
comminution is provided with openings through the surface to
permit the passage of sufficiently comminuted material
therethrough to discharge it from the comminuting zone.
(1) Note. This group is meant to include only the surfaces
which present completely bounded openings for the passage of
material. Mere intermeshing comminuting surface
characteristics are not included and are classified with the
various types of comminutors below.
(2) Note. Patents directed to the subcombination of the
apertured surface, per se, have been classified in this group
on the basis of the disclosed combination.
(3) Note. See (2) Note to the definition of subclass 68.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for comminutors provided with comminuting surfaces having
openings to which material is borne by a gas current.
69 for devices which permit the discharge of comminuted
material during the comminuting operation, but in which the
screen has no comminuting function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 104, for presses not elsewhere classified
having drain means for expressed liquid.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 233, 674,
675+, and 680+, for screens, sifters, and apertured members
designed for the separation of solids into grades, but having
no disclosed comminuting function.
210, Liquid Purification of Separation, 483, particularly
subclasses 498 and 499, for filter plates or screens.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in
which the comminuting surface which is provided with the
material passages cooperates with a comminuting surface or
member which moves relative to it to effect comminution.
(1) Note. Loose grinding body comminutors (e.g., ball or rod
mills) provided with perforated receptacles are included in
this subclass since the grinding body was considered to
present a moving comminuting surface which cooperates with
the perforated receptacle. See this class, subclasses 170+,
for loose grinding body comminutors with imperforate
receptacles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 94 and 95, for comminutors having perforated comminuting
surfaces which cooperate with a stationary imperforate
surface or directly with the material (single surface type).
198.1 for other comminutors having cooperating comminuting
surfaces.
Subclass:
84.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus
provided with members, (including shapes such as cylinders,
spheres, parallelepipeds, tetrahedrons and/or mixed shaped),
having free movement in the comminuting zone, and not having
any fixed connection with other parts of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for loose grinding bodies in plural comminuting zones
with parallel material flow.
153 for loose grinding bodies in plural comminuting zones
with series material flow.
170 for a loose grinding body comminutor.
Subclass:
84.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus
wherein the perforated surface cooperates with a tool which
has compound movement in the form of rotation about an axis
passing through the tool and concurrent lateral movement
relative to the perforated surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for compound movement comminutor not provided with a
perforated surface.
Subclass:
84.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus
provided with a cooperating member which swings back and
forth in an arc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for an oscillating perforated surface.
264 for an oscillating comminutor not cooperating with a
perforated surface.
Subclass:
84.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus
wherein the cooperating surface or member moves back and
forth in a straight line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for reciprocating cooperating comminuting surfaces not
cooperating with a perforated surface.
283 for a reciprocating comminuting surface.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in
which the screen comminuting surface has a rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 284-299, 301, and 304+, for rotating screens.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in
which the surface having openings cooperates with a rotary
surface or member to effect the comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185.5 through 197, for similar devices which do not include
a claimed surface having passages for the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 600, for a grain hulling
means that may leave cooperating rotating surfaces.
Subclass:
86.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the rotary member hurls the work through space so
that the work impacts the foraminous surface with sufficient
force to comminute the work, or to contribute to the overall
comminuting effect of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for devices having means to cause a gas flow in the
comminuting zone.
Subclass:
86.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the work contacting member is loosely joined to a
revolving carrier (e.g., hub) so that the work contacting
member is free to swing about a pivot as it is moved in a
circular path by the carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for a striking member loosely mounted on a rotor.
194 for a striking member pivoted to a rotor.
201 for compound movement comminutors not provided with a
surface having discharge openings.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in
which the screen or elements thereof have some movement other
than rotation during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for devices in which the rotary striking member
cooperates with a rotary surface having openings.
187 for such devices in which the rotary striking member
cooperates with a movable member which is not a screen.
Subclass:
87.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the rotor has projections which move past projections
on the stator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for similar devices not provided with a comminuting
screen.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in
which the screen surface is provided with projections or
other characteristics which assist in effecting the
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 242+, 260+, and 291+, for other comminuting elements
provided with nonsmooth surface characteristics.
Subclass:
88.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
wherein the openings in the foraminous surface are defined,
at least in part, by an acute margin of the surrounding
surface portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.1 for similar surfaces in devices provided with a helical
pusher inside a tube.
273.1 for comminuting surfaces having sharp edges, but not
provided with discharge openings.
Subclass:
88.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
provided with a nonporous comminuting surface in addition to
the foramionous comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 605 for a grain hulling
device provided with both perforated and nonperforated
surfaces.
Subclass:
88.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.2. Apparatus in
which the material is subjected to a succession of at least
three comminuting faces which are porous and nonporous by
turns.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for devices in which the material is subjected to a
series of comminuting operations.
Subclass:
88.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus
wherein the apertured surface includes a plurality of
separated parallel elongated members.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the perforated surface is pivotally mounted or
readily moveable to a dumping position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for means to adjustably or yieldably mount normally
stationary comminuting elements.
Subclass:
89.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in
which the surface having openings, or portions thereof, is
movable to change the size of the openings or its position
relative to the comminuting member.
Subclass:
89.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the perforated surface or parts thereof can be
completely separated from the apparatus or the perforated
surface is moved so a different part of said surface is in
the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
89.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the stationary comminuting surface is an interior
curved surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273.1 for a stationary curved surface provided with a
plurality of points or punched out barbs, but not discharge
openings.
Subclass:
89.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus
wherein the discharge openings pass through a level, radially
extending element that has a large surface area as compared
with its thickness, and which surface remains immobile during
comminution.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in
which the material is presented to rotary comminuting surface
provided with passages for the material.
(1) Note. Most of the devices in this subclass comprise
perforated rotating screen drums in which the material is
tumbled or devices in which the material is presented to a
nonradial, nonperipheral face.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for such devices in which there is provided a screen in
addition to the comminuting surface which prevents the
discharge of oversize material.
85 for devices in which rotary surfaces having openings
cooperate with a moving surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses relating to rotary
cutters.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 522, 603+ and
605+, for grain hullers having perforated surfaces.
144, Woodworking, 162.1 for a wood slicer having similar
structure.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 284-299, and 303+, for rotating drum sifters.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in
which the face of the comminuting member, which is presented
to the material, is generally in a radial plane relative to
the axis of rotation of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for perforated radial comminuting surfaces which
cooperate with a moving comminuting surface.
244 and 278.1, for devices having imperforate radial
comminuting faces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 622 for a
radial face grain hulling surface.
144, Woodworking, subclass 118 and 176, for a similar device
which functions to impart a shape to wood or like material.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in
which the perforated rotating comminuting surface has the
general shape of a cylinder and the material is presented to
the outer periphery thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for perforated peripheral comminuting surfaces which
cooperate with a moving comminuting surface.
221 277, 279, and 280+, for such devices having imperforate
peripheral comminuting surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, particularly 331 for a
rotary flying cutter, and subclasses 355+ and 607+ for a
cutter with simple revolving motion.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 605 and 639 for a
perforated cylinder type grain huller and stemmer,
respectively.
144, Woodworking, 117.1, 172+ and 188, for a similar device
which functions to impart a shape to wood and like material.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in
which a comminuting surface which is provided with openings
for the passage of material has reciprocating motion, i.e.,
traverses the same path and reverses its motion at the end of
this path.
(1) Note. The path may be rectilinear or curvilinear.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 and 274, for devices in which the material is given a
reciprocating motion relative to a stationary comminuting
surface.
262 for relatively reciprocating surfaces which cooperate to
comminute the material.
283 for reciprocating single surface comminutors having an
imperforate comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, 121 and 182+, for a similar device for
operating on wood and like material to impart a shape
thereto.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in
which a stationary comminuting surface is provided with
openings for the passage of material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for pencil-sharpening implements discharging debris
through comminuting openings into a catch receptacle.
274 for stationary single surface comminutors in which the
stationary member is imperforate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 453, for pencil-sharpening implements
discharging debris through comminuting openings into a catch
receptacle.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 518 and 600+ for grain
hullers that may have a perforated stationary hulling
surface.
144, Woodworking, 120, 175, and 190, for a similar device
operating on wood or like material for imparting a shape
thereto.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the comminuting surface or surfaces are so
arranged or have such characteristics that material of more
than a given size is rejected by the surfaces before
comminution.
(1) Note. In the devices classified herein, the material
which is rejected never reaches the comminuting zone as
distinguished from the devices found in this class,
subclasses 69+, in which the oversize material is prevented
from leaving the comminuting zone after having been treated
therein.
(2) Note. Most of the devices classified here are clay
grinders which reject the stones mixed in the clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for apertured comminuting elements which reject oversize
material.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to carry discharged material
back to the comminuting zone to be retreated therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 13 and 29, for processes involving subjecting the material
to a plurality of comminuting operations.
48 for apparatus in which gas is recirculated to the
comminuting zone.
52 and 61, for apparatus involving the application of a gas
to the material in which the material is recirculated to the
comminuting zone.
69 for apparatus in which the material is prevented from
leaving the discharge zone until sufficiently comminuted.
80 for apparatus in which material is recirculated between a
separator and a comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 72 for presses not elsewhere provided
for with means for recycling the compacted material.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means to cause parts of the material
undergoing treatment to move irregularly with respect to each
other so as to cause them to commingle.
(1) Note. Agitators which merely assist in the feed or
discharge and do not act to commingle the materials are
excluded and will be found in the various feeding and
discharging subclasses. Likewise, plows and the like for
moving the material to and from the comminuting zone are
excluded and will be found in the various comminutor groups.
Agitation by the comminutor elements themselves is excluded,
i.e., while the agitation and comminution may be coincident,
the agitator elements must be distinct from the
instrumentalities which effect the comminution. The material
undergoing treatment by the agitator must be that which has
been, will be, or is being treated in the comminutor.
Comminutors combined with agitators which mix material other
than that being comminuted are classified in subclasses
101.01+ of this class (241).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for comminutors combined with means to apply a fluid to
the material for agitation or other purposes.
97 for agitators which act to recirculate material to the
comminuting zone.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus peculiarly adapted for breaking friable containers
or a portion thereof to render them unfit for reuse or to
recover the material from which they are made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 94, 262+, and 283, for comminuting devices having
reciprocating comminuting members.
185.5 through 197, for comminutors in which material is
subjected to blows by rotary striking members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses, for patents to a device
for crushing hollow metal bodies (containers, car bodies,
etc.) and disclosed as also capable of breaking bottles.
169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 58 for automatic system of
that class comprising a frangible container, and subclasses
80 and 83 for portable vessels provided with means therein to
break a chemical containing bottle.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with (1) a detachable receiver for the
material discharged from the comminutor, or (2) means on the
comminutor adapted to engage a removable receiver for the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for detachable receivers for material separated by
projection from the remainder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 320 for the combination of a comminutor
with a receiver where the latter is claimed as means for
utilizing a refrigerant.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, 11 and 69+ for devices for filling separable
receivers, combined with means to subject the material to
some treatment other than comminution.
Subclass:
101.01
Combined or convertible:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the means for comminuting the material is
(a) combined with apparatus for another purpose not provided
for above, or (b) in which a part is relatively movable or
interchangeable in order to convert the apparatus to another
apparatus either within or outside the class definition.
(1) Note. The combined feature of clause (a) is in addition
to:
(1.) the necessary drive or static mounting means for the
comminutor;
(2.) means for controlling the flow of material to, through,
or from the comminuting zone
(3.) an additional comminuting device within the comminuting
zone,
(4.) means for retaining material within the comminuting zone
or for returning escaped material thereto
(5.) means for cleaning a comminuting surface
(6.) means to balance a comminuting element; or
(7.) means to lubricate the comminutor.
See the Search This Class, Subclass notes below for subclass
references.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 135+, 171, 185.5+, 202, 222+, 245, 265, or 271 for
examples of means for controlling the flow of material to,
through, or from the comminuting zone.
104 105, 108, 115, 134, and 152.1+, for examples of an
additional comminuting device within the comminuting zone,
(e.g., subclasses );
46.016 119, 124, and 226, for examples of means for retaining
material within the comminuting zone or for returning escaped
material thereto.
112 166+, for examples of means for cleaning a comminuting
surface
285.1 for examples of the necessary drive or static mounting
means for the comminutor.
292 for examples of means to balance a comminuting element.
(2) Note. In this subclass, for example, is a comminuting
device combined with signaling or indicating means;
inspection means; ambulant supporting means; material
handling means other than necessary to feed material to or
remove material from the comminuting zone; means to compress,
cut, mold, or otherwise shape the material prior to
comminution; sampling means; vacuumizing means; huller or
sheller for seeds; container opener; blade sharpener; or
agitating means for material other than that being
comminuted.
(3) Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for
particular combinations within this definition but which are
specifically provided for above.
(4) Note. See the notes to the class definition for the
combination of a comminutor with other apparatus provided for
in other classes.
Subclass:
101.1
Apparatus under subclasses 101.01+ which parts are relatively
movable or interchangeable in order to convert the apparatus
for some other purpose.
Subclass:
101.2
Apparatus under subclasses 101.01+ including comminutors with
features other than the comminuting structure.
(1) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 101.01 for noncomminuting
means provided for in this class (241).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.012 for a comminutor combined with a dishwasher.
Subclass:
101.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus
having means to provide information relating to the operation
of the machine, or relating to a characteristic (e.g., size
or weight) of the material either before or after
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, for
measuring and testing devices not combined with a
comminutor.
Subclass:
101.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus
having means (other than of the class type) to change the
physical form of the material before comminution (e.g.,
cutting).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.1 for a series of comminuting zones of the class type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for cutting devices not
combined with comminutors.
Subclass:
101.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus
having means to move the work or the product except directly
to or from the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
111, Planting, 8, 34+, and 130+, for mechanisms for planting
seeds, etc., at intervals.
Subclass:
101.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.5. Apparatus
provided with means to blend two or more substances, one
comminuted and one not comminuted by the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for devices having means other than the comminutor to
agitate the comminuted material.
101.8 for a mill combined with a mixer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, particularly 152.1, 160.1+, 162.1+, and
177.1+ for mixing of plural substances, per se.
Subclass:
101.71
With support vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus
wherein the comminuting apparatus is mounted on a movable
carrier (e.g., a vehicle with wheels).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, for ambulant supporting apparatus not
combined with a comminutor.
Subclass:
101.72
Having extendable, comminutor-supporting arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus
including a comminutor mounted on the support vehicle for
manipulation by a support member that is mounted for movement
outwardly from the vehicle.
(1) Note. The arm of this subclass may be comprised of
multiple links pivotally connected to each other or comprised
of aligned segments mounted to slide past each other.
Subclass:
101.73
Reciprocating surface-type comminutor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.72. Apparatus
wherein the comminutor is of the type that functions by the
action of a work engaging member that moves from a starting
point to traverse a path and reverses motion at the end of
the path to move therealong in the opposite direction to the
starting point.
Subclass:
101.74
Self-propelled vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus
wherein the vehicle includes means that cause the vehicle to
move over the earth.
Subclass:
101.741
Refuse support vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.74. Apparatus
wherein the vehicle is particularly adapted to haul domestic
waste from a pickup point to a disposal center.
Subclass:
101.742
Self-loading from ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.74. Apparatus
including a provision to receive the material being
comminuted or disintegrated directly from the earth over
which the vehicle is propelled.
Subclass:
101.75
Detachable from propelling vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus
intended to be removably secured to another vehicle, which
other vehicle includes means to apply thrust to the earth to
cause the comminutor-supporting vehicle to move thereover.
Subclass:
101.76
From rear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.75. Apparatus
wherein the comminutor-supporting vehicle is intended to be
pulled behind the propelling vehicle.
Subclass:
101.761
Tub grinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.76. Apparatus
including a hopper structure, for containing material to be
comminuted, comprised of a bottom portion having an opening
allowing passage of the material to the comminuting means and
a cylindrical wall portion extending upwardly from the bottom
that turns about its axis causing the material to move to the
opening in the bottom portion.
Subclass:
101.762
Operated while propelled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.76. Apparatus
intended to comminute or disintegrate material while being
transported.
Subclass:
101.763
Self-loading from ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.762. Apparatus
including a provision to receive the material being
comminuted or disintegrated directly from the earth over
which the vehicle is propelled.
Subclass:
101.77
From front:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.75. Apparatus
wherein the comminutor-supporting vehicle is intended to be
pushed ahead of the propelling vehicle.
Subclass:
101.78
Manually propelled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus
intended to receive thrust from a human to cause the
comminutor-supporting vehicle to move over the earth.
Subclass:
101.8
With mixer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus
combined with apparatus for intermixing one material to
another in a zone separate from the comminution zone.
(1) Note. The materials can be mixed together either before
or after comminuting. Further, the apparatus for comminuting
and that for mixing can be structurally integral or
separate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101.1 for apparatus that is convertible between a mill and a
mixer.
101.6 for a comminutor provided with apparatus to blend two
or more substances, one of which is comminuted and one of
which is not comminuted.
152.1 for apparatus having plural serially connected zones
for performing the same type function.
604 for an art collection including a comminutor having
plural inlets for diverse solid materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, for mixing apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the comminuting surface is resilient or is
constructed in sections so that parts thereof are deformable
relative to other parts of the surface by contact with the
material in the normal operation of the device.
(1) Note. These devices normally operate to comminute one
ingredient of a mixture of materials more extensively than
one or more other ingredients of the mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for processes involving the use of devices of this type
for the selective comminution of mixed materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 600 for grain hullers
having similar characteristics.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which rolling members which effect the
comminution are mounted in contact with a plurality of
relatively moving surfaces so as to be frictionally driven
thereby and at least one of the surfaces forms the support
for the roller members.
(1) Note. These devices are commonly referred to as "ball
chasers".
(2) Note. For the most part, the devices herein are provided
with a plurality of roller members, but those including only
a single roller are found in this group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 for similar devices in which a plurality of rollers are
supported by means other than one of the frictional drive
surfaces.
173 for similar devices in which rolling comminuting bodies
are moved relatively to a receptacle by pusher members rather
than being frictionally driven between relatively movable
surfaces.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus in
which the devices provided for in this group is combined with
another diverse type of comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for devices which include a plurality of comminuting
zones, each being of the type provided for in this group.
108 115+, 134+, and 152.1+, and the notes thereto for other
plural comminutor combinations.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus
embodying a plurality of comminuting zones of the type
provided for in this group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 115+, 134+, and 152.1+, and the notes thereto for other
plural comminutor combinations.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus in
which one of the frictional drive surfaces rotates about a
horizontal axis.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which a plurality of rotary or oscillatory
surfaces cooperate with the same portion of another surface
so as to comminute material.
(1) Note. In the titles and definitions below, the term
"plural surfaces" has been used to denote the plural rotary
or oscillatory surfaces, and the term "common surface" to
denote the single surface, or portion of a surface with which
the plural surfaces cooperate.
(2) Note. In general, those devices in which a plurality of
surfaces are mounted rigidly (sectional surfaces) to rotate
about a single axis have not been considered to present
plural surfaces to the common surface and have been
classified as if a single surface were so presented. If the
plural surfaces are adapted to move relative to the axis
during comminution they have been included in this group. An
exception to this rule was made in the case of devices in
which a unitary member carries a plurality of striking
members which cooperate with another surface. These have been
considered to present a single surface and have been
classified as impact mills for which see this class,
subclasses 185.5-197.
(3) Note. The plurality of rotary or oscillatory surfaces in
the devices of this group must be mounted so as to be
restricted in their movement. See this class, subclass 170,
for devices in which a plurality of loose comminuting bodies
cooperate with a common surface to effect the comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for chasers provided with an annular screen surrounding
the comminuting zone to prevent the discharge of uncomminuted
material.
79 for chasers in which the common surface is provided with
an annular perforated extension thereof to separate the
material.
83 for chasers in which one or more of the comminuting
elements are perforated.
103 for ball chasers in which rolling members are supported
and driven by surfaces common to all of the rolling members.
198.1 for cooperating surface comminutors in which a single
surface which cooperates with another surface may have a
movement corresponding to some of the motions of the plural
surfaces provided for in this group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, 108, for chasers
applied to textile treatment.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus
provided with an additional comminutor not of the type
included within this group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 134+ and 152.1+, for other plural diverse type
comminutors.
115 for plural comminutors of the type provided for in this
group.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone or for controlling the flow of material
thereto.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed. The
feeding must be an operation other than the mere comminuting
movement of the comminuting surfaces.
(2) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for articles
dispensers not otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces have movement across the common
surface in addition to their rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for arrangements in which a single surface has planetary
motion relative to another surface and also moves across it.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the outer peripheral surface of the moving common
surface cooperates with the plural surfaces to effect the
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 159 and 227+, for other devices in which the peripheral
portions of rotary surfaces cooperate to effect the
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 100, for
similar devices used in treating textiles.
100, Presses, 104 for presses not elsewhere classified
having drain means for expressed liquid.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Apparatus in
which at least one of the cooperating surfaces is provided
with a scraper or other cleaner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for cleaners or scrapers for roll members in other
comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 256.5
and the notes thereto for cleaners and scrapers for moving
comminuting elements in which no claim is made to significant
comminuting features.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces cooperate with each other as well
as the common surface to perform the comminuting function.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for devices in which the plural surfaces cooperate with
the outer periphery of the common surface and in addition
cooperate with each other.
143 158+ and 227+, for other devices embodying plural roll
members which cooperate to comminute.
170 for devices in which a plurality of loose comminuting
bodies cooperate with each other and a common surface to
effect the comminution.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces rotate about their own axes and
present radial faces to the common surface.
(1) Note. The term "radial face" is meant to denote that
plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
244 for devices in which a single rotary member presents a
radial face to another surface, particularly subclasses 252
and 254, for those in which the cooperating members are not
coaxial.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which there is provided a plurality of sets of plural
surfaces, each of which sets cooperates with a different
common surface or with a different portion of the same
surface.
(1) Note. The material may flow in series from one
comminuting zone to the next or in series-parallel or through
parallel paths through independent zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 and 108, for devices in which a comminutor, providing
plural surfaces cooperating with a common surface, is
combined with another type of comminutor.
105 for similar devices providing for a plurality of
comminuting zones of the type in which plural rolls are
frictionally driven and supported by relatively moving
surfaces.
118 and 125, for devices providing a plurality of sets of
plural surfaces but in which the sets cooperate with the same
common surface or the same portion thereof.
134 and 152.1+, for devices having plural comminuting zones
of the other types.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Apparatus in
which at least two of the plural surfaces of different sets
are coaxial, are spaced radially of the common surface axis,
and are arranged on the same side thereof.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the common surface has movement during the comminuting
operation.
(1) Note. The common surface movement is simple rotation
about a single axis in most cases.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for comminutors in which a loosely supported roller is
guided for movement relative to a moving surface.
228 for devices in which a single rotary comminuting surface
cooperates with an internal rotary comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 108, for
chasers having movable beds utilized in the treatment of
textiles.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces have rotary motion about a
plurality of axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for planetary movement plural surfaces cooperating with
a stationary surface.
206 for devices embodying a single compound movement surface
cooperating with a moving surface.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus
provided with means to move the material within the
comminuting zone or to discharge it therefrom. The means
usually takes the form of a movable or stationary plow
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 and 166+, for rotating member scrapers in other types of
comminutors.
124 for similar devices in which the plural surfaces have
planetary movement and the common surface is stationary.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 256.5, for
moving surface scrapers of general application.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for subcombinations
comprising means to discharge material from rotating
members.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus in
which at least one of the plural surfaces has a drive means
which imparts to it a positive rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for positively driven plural surfaces which have
planetary motion and cooperate with a stationary common
surface.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces are so mounted as to be forcible
away from the common surface by the material under abnormal
conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for devices embodying plural surfaces having planetary
motion which are forcible away from the common surface.
230 and 238, for yieldably mounted single rotary surfaces.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Apparatus in
which the common surface rotates on a substantially
horizontal axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for similar devices having a single rotary surface
cooperating with an outer surface rotating on a horizontal
axis.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces have rotary motion about a
plurality of axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for devices having these characteristic but in which the
common surface has movement during comminution.
207 for devices provided with single surfaces which have
planetary movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 98, for
planetary movement rolls for treating textiles.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus
provided with means for moving material within the
comminuting zone or discharging it therefrom. The means
usually takes the form of a plow member moving with the
plural surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for devices having these characteristics but in which
the common surface has movement during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for subcombinations
comprising means to unload receptacles.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces have movement about more than two
axes.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in
which at least one of the plural surfaces is provided with a
drive means to impart to it a positive rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for devices having these characteristics, but in which
the common surface moves during comminution.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces are mounted so as to be forcible
away from the common surface by the material under abnormal
conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for devices in which a moving common surface cooperates
with plural surfaces mounted for forced movement.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces are pivotally mounted for movement
toward and away from the common surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for devices having pivotally mounted rotary surfaces
which cooperate with another rotary surface.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Apparatus in
which the rotary motion of the plural surfaces centrifugally
urges them toward contact with the common surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for devices having these characteristics in which the
common surface rotates about a horizontal axis.
131 for such devices in which the plural surfaces are not
pivotally mounted.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus in
which the centrifugally urged plural surfaces are provided
with means to modify the centrifugal force. The means usually
takes the form of a spring mounted to augment or lessen the
centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for devices having these characteristics in which the
common surface rotates about a horizontal axis.
132 for nonpivotally mounted surfaces provided with means to
urge them into contact with the common surface.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in
which the rotary motion of the plural surfaces centrifugally
urges them toward contact with the common surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for such devices in which the plural surfaces are
pivotally mounted.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus
having any means (such as pressure applying mechanism,
springs, added dead weights, weight receiving receptacles,
etc.) in addition to the weight of the plural surfaces for
urging the surfaces toward contact with the common surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for plural surfaces spring urged against a common
surface which rotates on a horizontal axis.
130 for pivotally mounted plural surfaces having spring or
the like means for modifying the centrifugal force which
urges the surfaces toward contact with the common surface.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in
which the plural surfaces are so mounted as to be forcible
away from the common surface independently of each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for devices in which the plural surfaces are
independently forcible away from a common surface which
rotates on a horizontal axis.
128 for devices in which the plural surfaces are pivotally
mounted to be independently forcible away from the common
surface.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which there is provided a plurality of
comminuting zones through which the material flows in
parallel paths.
(1) Note. Devices in which the material flows serially and
also in parallel paths through plural comminuting zones are
to be found in this group. Where the flow is solely from one
comminuting zone to another in succession, the patents have
been placed in subclasses 152.1+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 and 44, for devices including fluid applying means in
connection with means for causing parallel material flow
through plural comminuting zones.
75 for devices in which the material passes through plural
comminuting and separating zones in parallel.
104 105, 108, and 115+, for comminutors of the type there
provided for arranged for parallel material flow.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus
provided with (1) a single or unitary mechanism to feed the
material to the plural zones or a unitary control for the
flow of material to the zones, or (2) plural mechanisms or
controls which are interconnected to feed material to the
plural zones or control the feed thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for automatically controlled feed means and the various
feeding subclasses in this class and the notes thereto for
nonautomatic feeders combined with comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for
conveyors, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, 92 for devices which feed articles
from plural sources and particularly subclass 133 where such
devices feed to common discharge outlet.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclass 129, 265 and 478.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus in
which the feed mechanism comprises plural interconnected
means for forcing material against a moving comminuting
surface or surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for interconnected feed devices of this type combined
with automatic control features for the feed.
151 for single surface comminutors with plural comminuting
zones provided with feed devices which are not
interconnected.
274 277+ and 283, for single surface comminutors, per se.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the type in which
the comminution is effected by a loose grinding body or
bodies.
(1) Note. This subclass includes partitioned receptacles
provided with loose comminuting bodies wherein the material
passes in parallel through separate portions of the
receptacle, and in which the partition is sufficiently
extensive to create distinct comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for such devices where the material flows from one
comminuting zone to the other in series.
170 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the rotary striking
member type, i.e., a rotary member strikes the material a
sudden blow.
(1) Note. This subclass may include devices in which a
plurality of striking members carrying rotors cooperate with
each other, if each rotor acts to comminute material
independently of the other. If there is no such independent
function and the comminution is due solely to the cooperation
of the rotors, proper classification is in subclass 187.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 for rotary striking member comminutors arranged for
serial flow of material.
185.5 through 197, and the notes thereto, for single rotary
striking member comminutors.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are the type in which the
comminution is effected between cooperating surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 for such plural comminutors arranged for series flow of
material.
198.1 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces at least one of which has compound movement, i.e., a
movement which is the sum of several simpler motions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for compound movement type comminutors arranged for
serial flow of material.
201 for single compound movement type comminutors.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones involve the use of
cooperating surfaces at least one of which rotates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 for such comminutors arranged for series flow of
material.
220 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the type in which
the material flows circumferentially or tangentially of the
rotary surface during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for such devices arranged in series.
221 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Apparatus in
which all of the cooperating surfaces of each comminuting
zone rotate relative to each other to comminute the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for such devices arranged for series flow of material.
227 for single comminutors in which both cooperating
surfaces rotate.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus in
which a rotary surface of one of the comminuting zones is
coaxial with a rotary surface of another comminuting zone.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus in
which a single operator member adjusts or positions
simultaneously surfaces of separate comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for devices having inter-related, feed, drive and surface
positioning means.
230 for devices including means to adjust the rotary
surfaces of a single comminuting zone.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus in
which the material flows axially and/or radially of a rotary
comminuting surface during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for such devices arranged for series flow of material.
244 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces which have relative reciprocation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for reciprocating surface comminutors arranged for
serial flow of material.
262 for single reciprocating surface type comminutors.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Apparatus in
which the reciprocating surface has an oscillating movement.
(1) Note. For reference to the definition of oscillating
type comminutors, see the Search This Class, Subclass,
references below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for oscillating type comminutors arranged for serial
flow of material.
264 for single oscillating type comminutors see note (1)
above.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Devices in
which the reciprocation of the moving surfaces is in a
vertical straight-line path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for plural devices of this type arranged for series flow
of material.
270 for single devices of this type.
291 for plural mortar arrangements, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, 7, for linear bearings for plurality of
reciprocating stamp stems and no significant comminutor
structure claimed.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in
which there is provided three or more vertically
reciprocating surfaces arranged in an annulus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 56, for axial cam devices
for actuating vertically reciprocating members.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the type in which
material is presented to a single comminuting surface.
(1) Note. A comminutor in which a plurality of distinct
columns of material are fed against a common surface for
comminution thereby was considered to present a plurality of
comminuting zones in parallel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for plural comminutors of this type provided with
interconnected feed devices.
152.1 for devices of this type arranged for series flow of
material.
274 277+ and 283, for single comminutors of the defined
type.
Subclass:
152.1
Series material flow only through plural comminuting zones:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is fed in succession to a
plurality of comminuting zones to be treated in series by the
comminutors.
(1) Note. Where the comminuting zones were so closely
related that there was difficulty in determining whether a
plurality of zones or a single zone was involved, the line
followed was that if there was a substantial cessation of the
comminuting operation between separate zones, the patent was
classified as a plural device and will be found herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for the process of subjecting material to a plurality of
successive comminuting operations.
42 for means applying fluid to same material at a plurality
of spaced points within plural comminuting zones.
43 for means applying fluid to material within plural
distinct comminuting zones.
76 for means for comminuting with means for separating or
classifying material with series material flow through plural
alternate comminuting zones.
78 for means for comminuting with means for separating or
classifying with a separator interposed between plural
comminuting zones.
80 for means for comminuting with means for separating or
classifying having a separator in the discharge from the
comminuting zone and having an oversize return to the
comminuting zone.
82.4 for a comminuting means including a helical pusher
inside a tube which moves material toward a perforated
member, with a series of axially aligned rotary knife
blades.
104 for rolls frictionally driven and supported by
relatively moving surfaces and additional diverse type
comminutor.
105 for rolls frictionally driven and supported by
relatively moving surfaces with plural comminuting zones.
108 for plural rotary or oscillatory surfaces cooperating
with a common surface and a diverse type comminutor.
115 for plural sets of rotary or oscillatory surfaces
cooperating with plural common surfaces.
Subclass:
152.2
Diverse type comminuting zones:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in
which the plural zones are adapted to comminute in diverse
manners.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the type in which
the comminution is effected by a loose grinding body or
bodies.
(1) Note. This subclass includes partitioned receptacles
provided with loose grinding bodies in which the material
passes from one portion of the receptacle to another in
series and in which the partition is sufficiently extensive
to create distinct comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for partitioned rotary ball or rod mills in which the
partition is provided with apertures for the passage of
material.
137 for such devices where the flow of material is parallel
or series-parallel.
170 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the rotary striking
member type.
(1) Note. For the definition of rotary striking member
comminutors, see the definition of subclasses 185.5-197 of
this class (241).
(2) Note. This subclass may include devices in which a
plurality of striking member carrying rotors cooperate with
each other, if each rotor acts to comminute material
independently of the other. If there is no such independent
function and the comminution is due solely to the cooperation
of the rotors, proper classification is in subclass 187.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for rotary striking member comminutors arranged for
parallel or series-parallel flow of material.
185.5 through 197, for single rotary striking member
comminutors.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are the type in which the
comminution is effected between cooperating surfaces.
(1) Note. In general, where a plurality of relatively
movable surfaces cooperate with a single surface so as to
treat the material serially, the device was considered to
present plural comminuting zones and has been classified in
this group. See the note to subclass 160 for an exception to
this rule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for such devices arranged in parallel or
series-parallel.
198.1 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones employ at least one
surface which has compound movement.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclass 201 of this class,
for a definition of compound movement type comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for compound movement type comminutors arranged for
parallel or series-parallel flow of material.
201 for single compound movement type comminutors.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones involve the use of
cooperating surfaces at least one of which rotates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for such comminutors arranged parallel or
series-parallel.
220 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are the type in which the
material flows circumferentially or tangentially of the
rotary surfaces during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for such devices arranged parallel or series-parallel.
221 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus in
which all of the cooperating surfaces have rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for such devices arranged parallel or series-parallel.
227 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of rotary surfaces each of which
cooperates with a nonrotary surface.
(1) Note. See this class, subclass 240, for devices in which
a plurality of independently adjustable nonrotary surfaces
cooperate with a single rotary surface. For purposes of this
classification, material which is subjected to the action of
a single rotary surface cooperating with a plurality of
nonrotary surfaces is considered to be treated in a single
comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for such devices arranged parallel or series-parallel.
221 237 to 243, for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus in
which the material flows axially and/or radially of a rotary
comminuting surface during the comminuting operation in each
of the comminuting zones.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for such devices arranged in parallel or
series-parallel.
244 for single comminutors of this type.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus in
which the rotating surfaces of the respective comminuting
zones have a common axis of simple rotation.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Apparatus in
which the common axis of rotation is horizontal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for single comminutors of the type having horizontal
axes.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces which reciprocate relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for reciprocating comminutors arranged for parallel or
series-parallel flow of material.
262 for single reciprocating type comminutors.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus in
which the reciprocation of the moving surfaces is in a
vertical straight line path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for plural devices of this type arranged for parallel or
series-parallel flow of material.
270 for single devices of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, 7, for linear bearings for plurality of
reciprocating stamp stems and no significant comminutor
structure.
Subclass:
165.5
All comminuting zones of rotating noncooperating type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in
which all of the comminuting zones are of the type in which
the comminution is effected by a single comminuting surface
which has a simple rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a comminuting device, per se, which has a single
comminuting surface with a simple rotary motion.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which there is provided means to scrape or
otherwise clean a comminuting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for fluid applying combinations in which the fluid may
have a cleaning function.
119 and 124, for cleaning and discharge devices combined
with comminutors of the type there classified.
172 for material moving members in loose grinding body
comminutors which do not have a cleaning function.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
256.5, and the notes thereto, for cleaners and scrapers for
moving comminuting elements in which no claim is made to
significant comminuting features.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Apparatus in
which the cleaning or scraping member acts upon the material
contacting surface of a rotary comminuting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for other comminutors provided with scrapers for roll
members.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus adapted to be hand supported during the operation
of the comminutor. Most of the devices found herein are table
or kitchen devices used to comminute condiments and the
like.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 196.1, for dispensers of the hand
manipulable shaker type which have a jarring or vibrating
element to aid in the dispensing.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus in
which the comminution is effected by cooperating surfaces
which reciprocate relative to each other.
(1) Note. Most of the devices in this subclass are ice
crushers having means to handle only a single ice cube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 and 262+, for comminuting devices having relatively
reciprocating comminuting surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 164.5, for ice picks and chippers.
100, Presses, subclass 234 and 243 for presses not elsewhere
classified of the plier type.
Subclass:
169.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
including a comminutor which moves in an arcuate path during
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
452, Butchering, subclass 105 for a rotary hand-held fish
scalers.
Subclass:
169.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
comprising a manually manipulated pressure or striking tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for devices of this type combined with a cooperating
surface of a batch container.
274 for a stationary comminuting surface or material bed.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the comminution is effected by a loose
comminuting body or bodies. These devices are mostly of the
type commonly called ball or rod mills in which loose balls
or rods are tumbled with the material within a moving
receptacle.
(1) Note. By the term "loose" as used above is meant the
body or bodies are not restricted in their movement to any
particular direction. Devices in which the body or bodies are
mounted so as to be free to reciprocate, rotate or oscillate
in restricted paths will be found in other appropriate
subclasses of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for the defined devices provided with gas supply means.
70 for the defined devices provided with discharge
permitting screens.
83 for such comminutors provided with perforated
receptacle.
103 for comminutors employing balls or rolls supported on
frictional drive surfaces (ball chasers), also see subclasses
173+, below.
137 and 153, for plural loose grinding body comminutors.
Partitioned receptacles were considered to be plural devices
where the partition was sufficiently extensive to create
distinct comminuting zones.
284 for comminutors in which material (without the use of
loose bodies) is tumbled within a moving receptacle to effect
the comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 600, for grain
hullers employing loose abrading material.
451, Abrading, 326 for a device adapted to tumble objects or
articles in order to remove unwanted coatings, etc. Such a
device often includes loose bodies to assist in the abrading
operation.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge but may include merely means attached to the
moving receptacle of the comminutor.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving the
comminuting receptacle out of comminuting position for the
specific purpose of discharging material was considered a
discharging organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutor were considered to be combined features which were
more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and were
classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for partitioned loose body grinders provided with means
to transfer material from one section of the comminutor to
the next.
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se, particularly subclass
658 for drum feeders comprising an internal screw conveyor
within the trunnion of the drum.
221, Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article
dispensers, not otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
provided with means mounted independently of the receptacle
for the loose grinding bodies which moves or guides the
material and/or the grinding bodies during the comminuting
operation to aid in the comminution.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Apparatus in
which the means for moving the grinding bodies comprises a
rotary member which pushes the bodies about the receptacle in
contact therewith to cause them to roll thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for devices in which the comminuting bodies are mounted
between relatively moving frictional drive supporting
surfaces which are not mere pushers.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Apparatus in
which the pusher member rotates about a horizontal axis.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the receptacle for the loose grinding bodies has
movement which is the combined result of several simple
movements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for other comminutors provided with members having
compound movement.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the loose grinding body or bodies are mounted in a
receptacle which has a rotary motion.
(1) Note. Search for mounting and drive means or other
characteristics applicable to rotary receptacles in general
should be continued in the many classes containing patents
utilizing rotary receptacles. See the notes appended to the
definition of subclass 108 in Class 34, Drying and Gas or
Vapor Contact With Solids, for references to many of these
classes. Particular attention is directed to Class 259,
Agitating, subclasses 3, 14+, 50+, 57+, 81+, and 175+, for
rotary receptacles which function as agitators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for such devices in which a gas current passes through
the receptacle.
70 for such devices provided with oversize discharge
preventing screens.
91 for such apparatus in which the receptacle walls are
provided with passages for the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 130 and 131, for supports for rotary
receptacles.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Devices in
which the receptacle is so mounted that the axis may be
tilted for adjustment of the inclination of the axis about
which the receptacle rotates during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for receptacles tiltably mounted for discharge of the
contents.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Apparatus in
which the rotary receptacle is supported for rotation upon
roller members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 549 for a roller supports for
rotating receptacle.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the claims are directed to the structure of the
receptacles for the grinding body or bodies.
(1) Note. Patents claiming the combination of the receptacle
with the grinding bodies, but in which no significant
characteristics of the grinding bodies or of their
relationship with the receptacle are claimed, will be found
herein.
(2) Note. Many classes include the treatment of material in
moving receptacles. A partial list of such classes will be
found in the notes to subclass 108 in Class 34, Drying and
Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids. Metallic receptacles of
general application will be found in Class 220, Receptacles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for receptacle structures in which the receptacle wall is
perforated to allow discharge of comminuted material.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus in
which the receptacle is provided with an opening at some
point other than at the axis thereof. Usually the opening is
provided with some form of removable cover.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus in
which the receptacle is provided with means at the end or
ends thereof to lift and/or distribute the material and
grinding bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for devices in which the lifting or distributing means
is for the purpose of feeding or discharging the material to
or from the receptacle.
183 for lined receptacles provided with lifting or
distributing characteristics.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus
provided with means lining the interior of the receptacle.
Such means usually has wear resistant properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
285.1 and 291+, for frames and comminuting elements provided
with wear-resistant linings or coverings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 23.9, 62.21, 495.01+, 574.3, and
908.1+ for a receptacle having a liner.
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes, 117.27 and
164.2 for a paperboard box having a lining.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in
which the lining means is provided with means for lifting or
distributing the contained material.
(1) Note. See the notes to subclass 179 for a list of
classes providing for receptacles having lining means with
lifting or distributing characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 for such devices in which the end structure of the
receptacle is provided with lifting or distributing
characteristics.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in
which the claims are directed to the structure of the
grinding body or bodies. Patents claiming the receptacle in
combination with the grinding bodies, but no significant
structure of the receptacle, will be found herein.
(1) Note. Where the grinding element is claimed with no
significant structure, but merely in terms of the composition
of which it is composed, it will be classified in the
appropriate composition class, even though there is no claim
to the composition, per se In this connection the classes in
the Search Notes below should be considered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 for other types of comminuting elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for articles defined solely by
their metal or alloy composition.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, Note particularly the
main class definitions of Class 106 for the classification of
other compositions.
148, Metal Treatment, especially 400 for materials which are
products of processes of treating metals classifiable in
Class 148 or for products distinguished only by the internal
structure or characteristics of the metals, metallic
compositions or alloys comprising such structures.
451, Abrading, subclass 330 for loose bodies to be used in
an abrading tumbling device.
Subclass:
185.5
Rotary striking member with feed or discharge conveyor or
regulator:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect comminution; combined with means to supply material to
or remove material from the vicinity of the rotary
comminuting member; or combined with means to control the
flow of supply or removal of material from the comminuting
zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed or
discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding or discharging must be an operation
other than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting
surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting member out
of comminuting position for the specific purpose of
discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutors were considered to be combined features which
were more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and
were classified in subclass 101 unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. A feeder or discharger in combination with a
particular comminuting device is to be found with the
comminuting device in this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminuting device in which the rotary striking
member cooperates with a surface having openings.
138 and 154, for the combination of a plurality of rotary
striking member comminutors.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having a rotary member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+ for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
185.6
Rotary striking member combined with pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus in
which the material is subjected to the action of a rotary
member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect
comminution; wherein the means to feed or discharge material
is particularly adapted to transfer flowable material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.012 for a dishwasher combined with a comminutor which may
be associated with a drain pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, especially
subclass 121.1 for a device of that class including an
impeller which comminutes material passing through the
device.
Subclass:
186.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus
provided with channels which guide the material as it flows
toward the zone where it is engaged by the comminuting
member.
(1) Note. The channels may be grooves or apertures that are
not necessarily parallel.
(2) Note. Although some of these devices have openings which
permit discharge of material, as in subclasses 83+, they are
not true comminuting surfaces, being offset from the knife.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for a device provided with plural parallel material
paths through plural parallel comminuting zones.
Subclass:
186.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus
provided with means to effect a change in the flow of
material to or from the comminutor.
Subclass:
186.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.2. Apparatus
provided with means to change the course of the material as
it flows to or from the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
186.35
Endless loop feed or discharge conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus
wherein the means to supply material to or remove material
comprises a flaccid belt supported at spaced areas such that
portions of the belt travel in an orbit, one portion thereof
following the other.
Subclass:
186.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus
wherein the material mover revolves, or swings back and forth
about an axis that passes through the mover.
Subclass:
186.5
Screw feed or discharge conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.4. Apparatus
wherein the material mover revolves about an axis passing
through its center and is helically ribbed so that the rib
functions to engage the material and transport that material
along its axis.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect the comminution in which the surface or member which
cooperates with the rotary striking member has movement
during the comminuting operation. The cooperating member may
be another rotary striking member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminuting device in which the rotary striking
member cooperates with a surface having openings.
138 and 154, for comminutors having plural cooperating
striking members but in which each rotor, without the other,
functions as an independent comminutor.
200 227+ and 237, for similar comminutors in which a rotor
cooperates with a moving surface.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having a rotary member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+ for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
188.1
Rotary striking member with axial or radial flow of
material:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect comminution in which the material flows radially or
axially of the rotary striking member during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminuting device in which the rotary striking
member cooperates with a surface having openings.
138 and 154, for the combination of a plurality of rotary
striking member comminutors.
244 for other comminutors in which the material has a radial
or axial flow.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having rotary a member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+, for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
188.2
Radial flow, pin-disc comminutor, overlapping pins on
cooperating members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
including a rotor having a planar surface, which rotor is
adapted to turn about an axis normal to and passing through
the center of that planar surface, having a circular row of
elongated striking members extending axially from that planar
surface; the apparatus including fixed structure having a
circular row of elongated members concentric to the row on
the rotor; and either the rotor or the fixed member having an
additional concentric, circular row of elongated members the
concentric rows arranged to interfit with each other.
(1) Note. Each pin (elongated member) is finger-like, but
may be bridged to an adjacent pin. A flow directing member,
e.g., a vane, is not considered to be a "pin" for this
subclass. Also, a perforated cylinder is not considered to be
a series of bridged pins.
Subclass:
189.1
Rotary striking member with circumferential or tangential
flow:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect comminution including provision to guide the material
being comminuted (a) to move generally along the perimeter of
the rotary striking member during comminution or (b) to move
along a line intersecting the perimeter of the rotary
striking member during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminutor having a rotary moving comminuting
surface and a cooperating comminuting surface provided with
openings to permit discharge of material.
138 and 154, for the combination of a plurality of rotary
striking member comminutors.
221 and the notes thereto for other rotary comminutors in
which the material has similar flow but having no striking
member.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having a rotary member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+ for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
189.2
Reversible rotary mill:
This subclass is indented under subclass 189.1. Apparatus
wherein the rotary striking member is adapted to comminute in
either direction of rotation.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189.1. Apparatus in
which the members which cooperate to subject the material to
a blow intermesh or overlap each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for similar devices having intermeshing comminuting
members, but in which the rotary member has no striking
function.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect the comminution in which the claims are directed to
the rotary support for the striking members or the striking
members in combination with such support.
(1) Note. Patents claiming the combination of parts of the
machine and the rotary structure have been included only
where there is no mention of significant characteristics of
such other parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminuting device in which the rotary striking
member cooperates with a surface having openings.
138 and 154, for the combination of a plurality of rotary
striking member comminutors.
195 for hammer or striking members, per se.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having rotary a member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
291 for other comminuting elements, per se.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+, for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in
which the striking members are so mounted relative to the
rotary support that their radial projection may be adjusted.
(1) Note. Alternatively usable means to support the striking
members in various positions on the rotor was considered
adjusting means for this subclass.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in
which the striking member or members have a loose connection
with the rotary support for free movement in at least one
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for ring type striking members which are adapted to be
loosely mounted on a rotor support member.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in
which the rotor is provided with material striking members
which are pivotally connected thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for striking members, per se, which are adapted to be
pivotally connected to a rotor.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action of
a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to
effect the comminution in which the claims are directed to
the striking members, per se, which deliver the blow to the
material being comminuted.
(1) Note. Patents claiming the combination of other parts of
the machine with the striking members have been included only
where there is no significant characteristics of such other
parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for the process of comminuting by use of a rotary
striking member.
39 for apparatus in which fluid suspended material is
projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of
projecting material in a fluid current to effect further
comminution against a surface or other portions of the
material.
55 for a comminuting device having a rotary striking member
combined with gas moving means.
86 for a comminuting device in which the rotary striking
member cooperates with a surface having openings.
138 and 154, for the combination of a plurality of rotary
striking member comminutors.
191 for such striking members in combination with the rotary
support therefor.
275 for a device in which a rotary member merely acts as a
projector for material to centrifugally force it against
another surface. A device having rotary a member which
projects material centrifugally as described and in addition
strikes the material a blow to effect a partial comminution
before being projected is classified in subclasses
185.5-197.
301 for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in subclass directed to the
specific comminutor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 30, 33, 35+, and
85+, for a textile preparation machine having similar
operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a feeder or discharger
involving the use of a conveyor, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, not
otherwise classified, per se.
222, Dispensing, for a fluent material dispenser, per se.
366, Agitating, 279 for agitation only effected by rotatable
member.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, 59 for a threshing
machine using a rotary striking member.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which the striking member is in the form of an annulus
adapted to be loosely mounted on its support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for this type of striking member combination with the
rotary support therefor.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in
which the striking member is provided with a rigidly attached
wear member at the striking surface thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 298 and 300, for other types of comminuting elements
provided with means to attach a wear face thereto.
Subclass:
198.1
Cooperating comminuting surfaces (e.g., jaw crusher):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the comminution of the material takes
place between two relatively moving surfaces which cooperate
to effect the comminuting operation.
(1) Note. A number of classes provide for the treatment of
material between relatively moving cooperating surfaces to
change the dimensions, particle size, or other properties of
the material. A partial list of such classes as were
considered to present analogous subject matter will be found
below under "Search Class".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 277+ and 283, and the notes thereto, for a device in
which the comminution is effected by the cooperation of the
material directly with a single surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
17, Butchering, 25.
29, Metal Working, 4.51.
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 97 and
244+.
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses.
81, Tools, 9.4.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, for food separating means
that has relative movement.
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 152.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 363 for a press couple including an
endless surface and subclasses 406+ for other press couples.
451, Abrading, subclass 110, 112, 132+, 194+, 262, and 302
for an abrading machine using opposed abrading tools.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus in
which the material is treated in batches rather than as a
stream passing through the comminuting zone.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass will be found a number
of patents directed to devices for forming dental amalgam. In
some of these devices the function appears to be purely one
of mixing, but in view of their similarity to mortars and
pestles used for comminution these patents have been
classified here even though there is no mention of a
comminuting function.
Subclass:
199.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Apparatus
wherein the batch of material is retained in a zone of
comminution by a material holder, and means to move the
holder or structure supporting the holder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for a similar device in which there is a flow of
material through the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
199.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.9. Apparatus
including means to move a tool or tool holder in a straight
line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199.8 for reciprocating tools with a moving support.
262 for reciprocating surface or surfaces.
Subclass:
199.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.9. Apparatus
including a tool or tool holder mounted for movement about a
fixed axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199.7 for rotary tools with a moving support.
220 for rotary surface or surfaces.
Subclass:
199.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Apparatus
wherein a comminuting tool moves relative to the material
holder and the material holder moves in a stop-and-go
fashion; and wherein the means to cause tool motion and the
holder motion are connected together or synchronized with
each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for a similar device in which there is a flow of
material through the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
199.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.2. Apparatus
wherein the comminuting tool moves to-and-fro in a straight
line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84.4 for a reciprocating comminuting tool urging a mass of
material toward a comminuting surface having material
discharge passageways.
270 for a vertically reciprocating comminuting tool in a
device having a flow of material through the comminuting
zone.
Subclass:
199.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.2. Apparatus
wherein the work-contacting edge of the comminuting tool has
an oscillating motion about an axis perpendicular to the
length of the said tool edge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for an oscillating tool in a device in which there is a
flow of material through the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
199.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Apparatus
wherein the change of position of the material holder is
one-way only.
(1) Note. The motion may be intermittent, as in a rotatable
support.
Subclass:
199.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.5. Apparatus
including means to introduce a batch of material to, and/or
to deliver it from, the material holder or means to
facilitate removal of material.
(1) Note. The material holder may be removed by hand for
dumping the material from it.
Subclass:
199.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.5. Apparatus
wherein a tool is mounted for movement in one direction only
about a fixed axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199.12 for rotary tools where the container is stationary
during comminuting.
220 for rotary surface or surfaces.
Subclass:
199.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.5. Apparatus
wherein a tool or tool holder is moved in alternate
directions in a straight line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199.11, for reciprocating tools where the container is
stationary during comminuting.
262 for reciprocating surface or surfaces.
Subclass:
199.9
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Apparatus
wherein a material holder is immobile.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Devices in
which one or both of the comminuting surfaces is in the form
of an endless member.
(1) Note. The motion of the belt may be intermittent or
continuous.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for such devices in which the endless comminuting surface
is provided with openings for the passage of material.
187 for devices in which the endless member cooperates with
a rotary striking member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 151 and see the Notes thereto for presses not
elsewhere classified, having a pressing member in the form of
an endless belt.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 804, and the notes thereto for
endless belt conveyors.
222, Dispensing, subclass 371 and 415 for endless type
dispensers.
451, Abrading, subclass 302 for an abrader comprising
opposed endless bands.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus in
which the moving comminuting surface or surfaces has a motion
which is the combined result of a plurality of a simple
motions.
(1) Note. It is to be noted that the defined compound
movement relates to the surface of the comminuting member,
not the member as a whole. See the note to subclass 203.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 and 107+, for plural surfaces having compound movement
relative to a common surface.
140 and 156, for plural comminutors of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for
operating mechanisms, per se, for compound movement
comminuting elements.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be and
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting
member out of comminuting position for the specific purpose
of discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutor were considered to be combined features which were
more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and were
classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus in
which the moving comminuting surface or surfaces has a motion
which is the combined result of a plurality of simpler
motions one of which is rotation.
(1) Note. Mere nonsymmetrical arrangement of the rotary
surface about a shaft (e.g., eccentrically mounted) was
considered to give the surface compound movement.
Accordingly, all devices having such eccentrically mounted
surfaces were classified in this group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 and 107+, for plural surfaces having compound movement
relative to a common surface.
220 and the notes thereto for devices in which the
comminuting surface has a simple rotary motion with no
additional movement during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 20-24, for
machine elements, per se, involving the defined type of
motion.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in
which the material flows circumferentially and/or
tangentially of the moving surface during comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 and the notes thereto for devices having these
characteristics in which the motion of the moving surface or
surfaces is simple rotation.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in
which the compound movement surface has a reciprocatory
motion as well as a simple rotary motion relative to a
cooperating surface to comminute material therebetween.
(1) Note. The described motion of the surface must occur on
the working or material comminuting stroke of the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for circumferential or tangential flow devices in which
rotary surfaces also reciprocate.
272 for devices in which a reciprocating comminuting surface
is given a rotary motion on the noncomminuting stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, 102, for devices
having similar roll movements applied to textile treatment.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 22, for operating
mechanisms for imparting the above movement to comminuting
elements.
451, Abrading, 119 for an abrading device in which an
abrading tool has the defined motion.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in
which the surface which cooperates with the compound movement
surface has movement during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for comminutors in which a plurality of surfaces having
compound movement cooperate with a common surface which has
movement.
204 for devices in which both surfaces move and the material
flows circumferentially or tangentially of a rotary surface.
205 for devices in which the compound movement surface
rotates and reciprocates and cooperates with a moving
surface.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in
which the single compound movement surface has a simple
gyratory or planetary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for comminutors in which a plurality of surfaces having
planetary movement cooperate with a common surface.
203 for devices in which the comminuting element has a
movement in addition to a simple gyratory or planetary
motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 98 and
108+, for planetary and gyratory rolls for treating
textiles.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 86, for mechanical
movements for transforming rotary motion into gyratory
motion.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in
which the gyratory movement is effected by an eccentric drive
sleeve which is surrounded by the comminuting surface of the
gyratory comminuting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for devices provided with an eccentric drive sleeve
above the gyratory member.
215 for devices in which the eccentric sleeve is below the
gyratory member.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in
which the gyratory member is provided with a support or guide
means above the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for rotary members suspended from a support above the
comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, 428 for bearing for gyrating shafts.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the gyratory movement of the moving member is effected
by means of an unbalanced weight.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 87, for unbalanced
weight means for transforming rotary motion into gyratory
motion.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the gyratory member is yieldingly mounted so as to be
forcible away from the cooperating surface under abnormal
conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 127+, 230+, 239, and 286+, for other comminuting devices
embodying a yielding mounting for the comminuting member.
210 for unbalanced weight driven gyratory comminuting
members which are yieldably mounted.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the upper guide or support for the gyratory shaft
embodies means to effect the gyration of the comminuting
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for devices in which the gyratory drive is within the
comminuting member.
215 for devices in which the gyratory drive member is below
the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in
which the shaft for the gyratory member is provided at its
lower end with adjusting means to vary the gap between the
cooperating surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 258, and 259, for rotary members provided with adjusting
means therefor.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in
which the comminuting member is mounted upon an eccentric
shaft to effect the gyratory movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and 215, for devices in which the gyratory movement is
effected by an eccentric sleeve surrounding the shaft of the
gyratory member.
212 for gyratory comminuting members actuated by an
eccentric shaft above the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in
which the gyratory movement of the comminuting member is
effected by a driven eccentric sleeve on the comminuting
member shaft below the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for such gyratory drive sleeves mounted within the
gyratory member.
212 for eccentric sleeve drives for gyratory comminuting
members mounted above the comminuting zone.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
provided with means to seal the comminuting zone from the
drive means or other moving parts of the device.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Devices in
which the compound movement of the comminuting member is
derived from an eccentric strap which is unitary with the
comminuting member.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Devices in
which the compound movement surface cooperates with a surface
which moves during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 and the notes thereto for other devices having plural
moving cooperating surfaces.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Devices in
which the compound movement surface is supported from a
stationary part of the device by a link which is pivotally
connected both to the comminuting member and to the
stationary part.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus in
which at least one of the cooperating surfaces rotates about
an axis which is contained within the confines of the
surface.
(1) Note. For the purpose of classification in this group,
the rotation must be continuous. Devices in which the
rotation was intermittent were classified in subclass 198.1
or other appropriate subclass.
(2) Note. The notes to subclasses 198.1, 221 and 244, should
be referred to for notes to other classes having similar
organizations involving rotary surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 138+, 154, and 185.5-197, for devices in which the
comminution is effected by rotary striking members.
103 123+ and 203, for compound movement comminuting surfaces
having rotary motion as a component thereof.
107 for plural rotary surfaces which cooperate with a common
surface.
141 and 157+, for plural comminutors having rotary
cooperating comminuting surfaces.
277 for comminutors having rotary surfaces which do not
cooperate with a cooperating surface.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in
which the material flows circumferentially or tangentially of
the rotary surface during the comminuting operation.
(1) Note. Many patents were found in which the flow of the
material through the comminuting zone was both that as
defined above and also that of subclasses 244+. The factor
which was considered to determine the proper classification
of these patents was the general path of the material through
the machine as defined by the relative position of the inlet
and outlet for the material, i.e., even though there was
incidental movement of the material in a circumferential
direction during comminution, the patent was classified under
subclasses 244+, if the inlet and outlet of the devices were
axially spaced.
(2) Note. A number of classes (see "Search Class" below)
provide for the treatment of material between cooperating
members in which the material has the defined movement. See
the notes to subclass 227 for references to such classes
which provide for plural rotating surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 and 158+, for plural devices of the defined type.
189.1 for devices providing for similar flow of material
relative to rotary striking members.
204 for devices providing for similar flow of material
relative to compound movement surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 155, and see the Notes thereto for roll type
presses, not elsewhere classified.
452, Butchering, subclass 143 and 145.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, subclass 46 and 59+.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting
member out of comminuting position for the specific purpose
of discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutors were considered to be combined features which
were more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and
were classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided the patents were classified
with particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in
which the mechanism for feeding and/or discharging comprises
an endless belt conveyor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 804, for endless belt
conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, subclass 371 and 415, for endless belt type
dispensers.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in
which the feed mechanism operates in conjunction with a
hopper to feed the material to the comminuting zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for hopper feeders operating in conjunction with other
types of comminutors.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in
which the feed mechanism comprises a roll or some form of
rotary material agitator which operates in connection with a
hopper to effect the feeding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 410, and the notes thereto for dispensers,
per se, having rotary nongravity discharge assistants.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
provided with means mounted at the axial end or ends of the
rotary surface or surfaces which functions to prevent
material from escaping at said ends.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in
which both of the cooperating surfaces rotate.
(1) Note. The devices classified in this group are those
generally termed "roll mills". Devices in a number of classes
treat material between rotating roll members for various
purposes. A partial list of analogous devices will be found
under "Search Class" below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for devices in which plural rotary surfaces cooperate
with each other as well as a common surface.
143 and 159, for plural devices of this type.
187 for such devices in which the cooperating surfaces are
rotary striking members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 99 and
244+.
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 520, 574, 584,
620, 624, and 627 for cooperating, rotating or moving
surfaces used to separate a food item.
100, Presses, 155 and see the notes thereto for roll type
presses not elsewhere classified.
222, Dispensing, subclass 281.
425, Plastic Article or Earthernware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 363.
451, Abrading, 194 for a machine using opposed rotary
cylinder abrading tools.
452, Butchering, subclass 142.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in
which one of the cooperating rotary members presents an
internal annular comminuting surface to the other rotary
surface for cooperation therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for similar devices in which a plurality of rotary
members cooperates with an internal comminuting surface
especially subclass 122 for devices having an internal rotary
comminuting surface.
170 for rotary members cooperating with internal comminuting
surfaces in which the rotary member is loosely mounted.
252 for devices of similar structure, but in which the flow
of material is in a generally axial direction, rather than
circumferential.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in
which (1) the cooperating surfaces rotate in the same
direction and/or (2) the one or both of the surfaces rotate
on vertical or inclined axes and/or (3) one or both of the
surfaces is eccentrically mounted on its axis.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus
provided with means for adjustably or yieldably mounting one
or both of the rotary surfaces.
(1) Note. See the reference to "Search Class" under
subclasses 221 and 227, for other classes providing for
adjustably or yieldably mounted roll members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for overload release devices as applied to rotary surface
mounting means.
37 for devices providing for automatic control of
comminuting surface contiguity.
63 for means to control the surface positioning means
simultaneously with other functions of the device.
122 for devices in which plural rotary surfaces are
tensioned against a rotary internal surface.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in
which (1) the adjusting or yielding means comprises hydraulic
or pneumatic pressure devices and/or (2) one or both of the
rotary surfaces is adjustable or yieldable in the direction
of its axis of rotation.
(1) Note. Most of the devices under (2) above have surfaces
which are of other than cylindrical shape. When the surface
so departs from a cylinder that the material cannot be said
to pass circumferentially or tangentially thereof, the device
is properly classified in subclass 220.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, 202 for flexible, or pneumatic bearing
supports.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in
which at least one of the rotary surfaces is provided with a
pivotally mounted support.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 and 128+, for pivotally supporting a plurality of rolls
relative to a common surface.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in
which the pivoted roll support is provided with an adjustable
pivot point.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in
which means is provided for adjustably and/or yieldably
mounting both rotating surfaces.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in
which one or both of the cooperating surfaces are not smooth
but are provided with cooperating grooves, channels,
protuberances or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for rolls provided with cooperating surface
characteristics which reject certain types of material to
prevent it from passing to the grinding nip.
242 and 260+, for surfaces provided with cooperating
nonsmooth characteristics in other types of comminutors.
293 for single cylindrical comminuting elements provided
with nonsmooth surfaces.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in
which the nonsmooth surface characteristics of the respective
surfaces cooperate by intermeshing with or overlapping each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 243 and 261, for intermeshing comminuting surface
characteristics in other types of comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 341 for a
roller cutter type earth boring bit provided with plural
rolling cutters having intermeshing teeth.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in
which the nonrotary surface which cooperates with the rotary
surface is provided with means to move it during
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
187 for such devices in which the rotary member is a rotary
striking member.
200 for such devices in which the nonrotary surface is a
moving endless belt.
201 for such devices in which the nonrotary surface has a
compound motion.
206 for such devices in which the rotary surface has a
compound motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 105, for
devices having similarly moving parts applied to textile
treatment.
100, Presses, subclass 47 for presses not elsewhere provided
for, having automatic or triggered control of roll separation
or speed.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in
which (1) there is provided a plurality of nonrotary surface
parts so arranged as to cooperate with the rotary surface
alternatively, or (2) the rotary member is provided with
parts or projections adapted to be moved relatively to other
parts of the rotor or (3) the rotary member is adjustably or
yieldably mounted in the frame of the apparatus or in which
the apparatus is provided with a combination of all or any
two of features (1), (2), or (3).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for deformable comminuting surfaces, parts of which move
relatively to other parts due to contact with the material.
230 and the notes thereto for devices in which a rotary
surface is adjustably or yieldably mounted relative to
another rotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 291 and 343, for feed rotors
having retractable projections.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in
which a nonrotary surface which cooperates with the rotary
surface is mounted so as to be adjustable or yieldable
relative to the rotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for means mounting a nonrotary surface for release upon
overload.
37 for devices providing for automatic control of
comminuting surface contiguity.
89 and 189, for similar arrangements wherein the rotary
surface is a rotary striking member.
286 for such devices in which the claimed invention is
limited to the mounting of the nonrotary surface relative to
the frame of the machine (i.e., the rotary member is not
included significantly in combination).
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus in
which the nonrotary surface which cooperates with the rotary
surface is made up of a plurality of independently adjustable
sections.
(1) Note. For purposes of this classification,
circumferential or tangential flow devices in which material
is subjected to the action of a single rotary surface
cooperating with a plurality of nonrotary surfaces are
considered to present a single comminuting zone. Such devices
are therefore classified in this or other appropriate
subclasses in this group rather than as a plural comminutor
combination.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160 for the combination of a plurality of rotary surfaces
each cooperating with a nonrotary surface.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus in
which the nonrotary surface is so mounted as to be adjustable
or yieldable radially of the rotary surface.
Subclass:
241.5
Single roll jaw crusher:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus in
which the rotary surface is comprised of rotary member having
a radially outwardly facing cylindrical working surface.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in
which one or both of the cooperating surfaces are not smooth
but are provided with cooperating grooves, channels,
protuberances or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 and 260+, for surfaces provided with cooperating
nonsmooth characteristics in other types of comminutors.
291 for single comminuting elements provided with nonsmooth
surfaces.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Apparatus in
which the nonsmooth surface characteristics of the respective
surfaces cooperate by intermeshing with or overlapping each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 for rotary impact comminuting devices having
intermeshing characteristics.
236 and 261, for intermeshing comminuting surface
characteristics in other types of comminutors.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in
which the material flows in a generally axial and/or radial
direction relative to a rotary surface during the comminuting
operation.
(1) Note. See the note to subclass 221 for the line between
this group and that providing for devices in which the
material flows circumferentially or tangentially of the
rotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 114, 188.1, 206, and 207+, for other comminutors in which
the material flows axially and/or radially of a rotary
member.
146 and 161+, for plural devices of this type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 155 and see the Notes thereto for roll type
presses, not elsewhere classified.
451, Abrading, subclass 112 and 262+ for cooperating disk
abraders.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting
member out of comminuting position for the specific purpose
of discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutor were considered to be combined features which were
more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and were
classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Devices in
which the feeding mechanism comprises a rotary propeller or
screw conveyor mounted axially of the rotary comminuting
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.1 for a rotary propeller, comminuting member and a
perforated plate for passage of material feed by the
propeller.
162 for comminutors in which the axially mounted rotary
screw feeder is provided with means to subject the material
to a preliminary comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, subclass 425, 550.6, 550.10,
550.01, 513, 545, 548, 582, 608, 611+, 625, and 657+ for a
screw conveyor.
222, Dispensing, 412, for dispensers, per se, having screw
propeller feeders.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Devices in
which the axis of rotation of the propeller or screw is
horizontal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 and 255+, for horizontal axis comminutors of the type
here provided for in which no feed propeller or screw is
claimed.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Devices in
which the control or feed mechanism operates in conjunction
with a hopper.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, subclass 311, 359+ and 523+ for
a conveyor feeding a load to, or receiving a load from, a
hopper, and subclasses 550.01 and 582 for a bin having a
conveyor for discharging a material therefrom.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses, for hopper
dischargers, per se.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Devices in
which the feed mechanism comprises a receptacle beneath the
hopper outlet which has a shaking movement to effect the
feeding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 199 and the notes thereto for
similar feeders, per se.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Devices in
which the rotary surface cooperates with a comminuting
surface which moves during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for compound movement elements which cooperate with a
moving surface.
237 for circumferential or tangential comminutors, having
means to move the nonrotary surface.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Devices in
which both cooperating surfaces have a rotary motion.
(1) Note. The rotary motion of one of the surfaces may be
due solely to frictional contact with the material or
cooperating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for devices in which a plurality of rotary surfaces
cooperate with a common rotary surface.
227 for comminutors in which the material flows
circumferentially or tangentially between a plurality of
rotary surfaces.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Apparatus in
which the surfaces rotate about axes which are respectively
noncoaxial or eccentric relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for devices in which a surface having compound movement
cooperates with a moving surface.
220 for devices in which the off-center or eccentric
mounting is such that the path of the material is not in a
generally radial and/or tangential direction.
254 for devices in which a single moving surface is mounted
noncoaxially or eccentrically relative to a stationary
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 155 and see the Notes thereto for roll type
presses, not elsewhere classified.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Devices in
which the rotary motion of both surfaces is about a vertical
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257.1 for devices in which a single surface rotates relative
to another about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus in
which one comminuting surface rotates about an axis which is
noncoaxial or eccentric to the axis or center line of the
cooperating nonrotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for devices where the rotating surface has a compound
movement relative to the axis of the stationary member.
220 for devices in which the off-center or eccentric
mounting is such that the path of the material is not in a
generally axial and/or radial direction.
252 for devices in which both cooperating surfaces rotate
about noncoaxial axes.
Subclass:
257.1
Vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus in
which the moving surface rotates about a vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.017 for a garbage disposal having a liquid submerged
comminutor having a vertical axis of rotation.
253 for a comminutor having two moving surfaces which both
rotate about a vertical axis.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 257.1. Devices in
which the rotary shaft which drives the rotary comminuting
member is supported on the frame at a point above the
comminuting zone.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 257.1. Devices in
which the rotary comminuting member is adjustable to vary the
contiguity of the relatively moving surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for adjustable comminuting members mounted for rotation
on a horizontal axis.
Subclass:
259.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus
provided with means to change the distance between the
comminuting faces.
(1) Note. Usually the purpose of this means is to vary the
particle size of the product, or to compensate for wear of
the surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.2 for means to vary particle coarseness in a helical
pusher type comminutor.
230 for an adjustable or yieldable mounting and a rotary
cooperating surface.
259 for an adjustable rotary member.
Subclass:
259.2
Apparatus under 259.1 wherein the means to vary the distance
between the surfaces includes hydraulic or pneumatic
pressure.
Subclass:
259.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 259.1. Apparatus
wherein the means to vary distance between the surfaces
includes means to urge one surface toward or away from the
other surface.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Devices in
which one or both of the cooperating surfaces are not smooth
but are provided with cooperating grooves, channels,
protuberances or the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 and 242, for surfaces provided with cooperating
nonsmooth characteristics in other types of comminutors.
291 for single comminuting elements provided with nonsmooth
surfaces.
Subclass:
260.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus
provided with a rotary helical comminuting member.
(1) Note. The device herein is distinguished from those of
subclass 247 in that the worm is the only comminutor (other
than the cooperating surface) in this subclass (260.1)
whereas the device of subclass 247 is provided with an
additional comminuting member, the worm or screw functioning
as a feeder which may also comminute as it feeds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82.1 for a helical pusher device provided with a comminuting
surface having material discharge openings.
243 for an intermeshing cooperating nonsmooth surface.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Devices in
which the nonsmooth surface characteristics of the respective
surfaces cooperate by intermeshing with or overlapping each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188.1 for comminuting devices of a similar type provided
with disk-like members having intermeshing impact pins.
236 and 243, for intermeshing comminuting surface
characteristics in other types of comminutors.
Subclass:
261.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus
wherein one surface member is circular in a cross section
taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and convergent
in a cross section taken parallel to such axis.
Subclass:
261.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus
provided with circular plates facing each other with their
centers in alignment.
Subclass:
261.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 261.2. Apparatus
provided with ribs or channels which intersect each other, or
which would intersect within the confines of the surface if
extended.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus in
which at least one of the cooperating comminuting surfaces
has a reciprocating motion, i.e., traverses the same path and
reverses its motion at the ends of such path.
(1) Note. The path may be rectilinear or curvilinear.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for reciprocating surfaces having openings.
147 and 164, for plural reciprocating type comminutors.
169 for hand support type comminutors having this character
of motion.
201 for compound movement comminutors in which the motion
may have a reciprocating component.
237 and 250, for devices in which a reciprocating surface
cooperates with a rotary surface.
283 for single surface type reciprocating comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, appropriate subclasses, for fluid motor
actuating means for reciprocating comminuting surfaces.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 25, for machine elements for actuating
reciprocating comminuting surfaces.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, appropriate subclasses, for
internal combustion motors for actuating reciprocating
comminuting surfaces.
452, Butchering, subclass 144, for meat tenderizers of
similar construction.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus in
which the surfaces have reciprocating movement parallel to
each other.
(1) Note. The surfaces may be held in sliding contact and
may oscillate relative to a substantially concentric curved
surface or have rectilinear motion relative to a flat
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 and 152.1+, for the combination of a plurality of such
devices.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus in
which the comminuting surface or surfaces have oscillating
motion, i.e., the path of reciprocation through which the
surface moves is a portion of a circle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for oscillating comminuting surfaces provided with
openings.
148 and 164, for plural comminutors of this type.
263 for oscillating surfaces moving parallel to a
cooperating surface.
283 for single surface type oscillating comminutors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 25, for oscillating surface actuating
mechanisms, per se.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting
member out of comminuting position for the specific purpose
of discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutor were considered to be combined features which were
more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and were
classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Devices in
which the oscillating surface cooperates with a surface which
has movement during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for related devices in which the surface which
cooperates with the oscillating surface has a rotary motion.
Since subclasses 220+, provide for surfaces having continuous
rotary motion only, those devices providing an intermittently
rotated surface cooperating with an oscillating surface have
been classified in this subclass (266).
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Devices in
which the oscillating comminuting element is actuated about
its pivot by an eccentric which imparts movement to a single
link which has pivotal connection with the comminuting
element.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Devices in
which the oscillating comminuting element is actuated about
its pivot (1) by a plurality of serially arranged links which
are pivoted together or are each pivoted to a common member
or (2) by a single link which has movement imparted to it by
a driven lever member.
(1) Note. These types of actuators are those ordinarily
known as "toggles".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 106 and 520, for
actuating means of the specified type, per se.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Apparatus in
which there is provided means acting upon the pivotal
connection between the plural serial links to impart movement
to it and thus change the inclination of the links to
oscillate the comminuting surface.
(1) Note. In most of the patents included here, the pivot
actuating means is an eccentric which drives a pitman member
that is interposed between the adjacent ends of the links and
forms the pivotal connection thereof.
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus in
which the reciprocation of the comminuting surface is in a
vertical straight-line path.
(1) Note. Most of the devices classified in this group are
those ordinarily known as "stamp mills".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 and 165, for plural devices of this type.
205 for devices having the characteristics of this group in
which the reciprocating surface is given a rotary motion on
the comminuting stroke.
263 for vertically reciprocating surfaces moving parallel to
a cooperating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for
actuating devices of the type there provided for in which no
claim is made to a significant comminutor combination. See
the notes in the class definition.
81, Tools, 463, and see the notes thereto for other impact
tools.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses,
for actuating devices of the type there provided for in which
no claim is made to a significant comminutor combination. See
the notes in the class definition.
100, Presses, 214 for reciprocating presses not elsewhere
provided for.
384, Bearings, for vertically reciprocating stems of stamp
mills where no significant structure of the comminutor is
included. See the line with Class 384 in the notes to the
class definition.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate
subclasses, for rotary expansible chamber motors, per se, or
in which no claim is made to a significant comminuter
combination. See OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS and Refernces To
Other Classes of the main class definition to this class
(241).
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus
provided with mechanism for primarily presenting material to
the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom or for
controlling the flow of material to and/or from the
comminuting zone.
(1) Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to denote means
in addition to gravity for positively effecting the feed
and/or discharge.
(2) Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the
comminuting surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting
member out of comminuting position for the specific purpose
of discharging material was considered a discharging
organization for this group.
(3) Note. Material handling features in addition to those
necessary to effect the mere presentation of the material to
the comminuting zone or to remove the material from the
comminutor were considered to be combined features which were
more than mere feeding or discharging combinations and were
classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified
with the particular comminutor combination claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for feeders and/or dischargers combined with comminutors
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present
a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers
involving the use of conveyors, per se.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensers, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for the generic subject
matter of material handling, per se.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Devices
provided with means to rotate the reciprocating surface only
upon its movement away from the cooperating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for comminutors in which the comminuting surface is both
reciprocated and rotated during the comminuting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses,
especially subclass 24, for actuators for imparting the above
motion to a comminutor element.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Devices in
which the vertically reciprocating surface is projected
toward the cooperating surface solely by the force of gravity
on the comminuting stroke.
Subclass:
273.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a surface provided with many closely spaced
raised portions of a cutting tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for a comminuting surface with openings to permit
discharge of material.
274 for a stationary comminuting surface or material bed
having points or a sharp edged tool.
277 for a rotating comminuting surface having points or a
sharp edged tool.
283 for a reciprocating comminuting surface having points or
a sharp edged tool.
Subclass:
273.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 273.1. Apparatus in
which the comminuting surface is substantially planar and has
a circular periphery.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278.1 for a rotary radial surface not cooperating with
another surface and not provided with barbs.
Subclass:
273.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 273.1. Apparatus
wherein the work-engaging part of the tool is the surface
traced by one side of a rectangle rotated around the parallel
side as an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84.2 for a travelling roller-like surface cooperating with a
surface having discharge passageways.
280 for a rotating cylindrical surface in an apparatus
provided with means to force material toward such surface.
Subclass:
273.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 273.1. Apparatus
wherein the closely-spaced raised portions are arranged on a
nonplanar configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89.3 for a stationary concave surface provided with
discharge openings.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which a single comminuting surface is stationary
relative to the material presented to it for comminution and
may comprise a bed of the material being comminuted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for corresponding processes involving the movement of
material relative to a stationary material bed.
40 for devices in which fluid conveyed material is impacted
upon a stationary abutment to effect comminution.
95 for identical devices in which the comminuting surface is
provided with passages for the material.
136 for a plurality of such devices arranged for parallel or
series parallel flow of material. Apparatus in which a
plurality of distinct columns of material are fed against a
common surface was considered to present a plurality of
comminuting zones in parallel.
152.1 for a plurality of such devices arranged for series
flow of material therethrough.
198 for devices in which material is presented to a
stationary surface for comminution by a cooperating
comminuting surface.
284 for mutual attrition and compression devices in which
there is no disclosure of the moving material being presented
to a stationary material bed for comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for a cutting device
having a stationary anvil, bed, or ledger blade.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 506 and 589 for static
means separating a food item.
451, Abrading, 312 for a sandblast device in which the sand
is projected by centrifugal force.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Apparatus in
which the centrifugal force generated by a material engaging
rotating member projects or urges the material against the
stationary surface or material bed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for corresponding processes.
39 for comminutors of this type utilizing a centrifugally
generated stream of fluid to support and project the material
against a surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 519 and 571 for
apparatus wherein separation of a food item is caused by
impact which may be as a result of centrifugal force means.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, 4, for centrifugal
object projectors of the type there provided for.
222, Dispensing, 410, for rotary material dispensers.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 7,
650+, appropriate subclasses, 214+ and 380+, for methods and
apparatus for scattering fluent material by centrifugal
force.
451, Abrading, 94 for a sandblast device in which the sand
is projected by centrifugal force.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Devices in
which a conveyor engages the material to force it into
comminuting contact with the stationary surface or bed of
material.
(1) Note. The locomotive stoker type and the scroll type of
crushers are included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for devices in which the comminution is effected by the
mutual attrition or compression between particles of the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 48.1 and 232+ for
locomotive type stokers with comminuting means and
significant railway vehicle structure.
110, Furnaces, particularly subclasses where means for
distributing the fuel fed is claimed or where the
relationship to or structure of a firebox is claimed. The
mere reference to the firebox as the point of delivery (no
structure thereof and no relationship thereto) will not cause
classification in Class 110.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses,
especially 657, for conveying structures of general utility
or for stokers combined with nominal railway vehicle
structure.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which material is presented for comminution to a
single comminuting surface which has a simple rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for identical devices in which the comminuting surface is
provided with passages for the material.
136 and 151, for plural devices of this type arranged for
parallel or series-parallel flow of material. Apparatus in
which a plurality of distinct columns of material are fed
against a common surface was considered to present a
plurality of comminuting zones in parallel.
152.1 for plural devices of this type arranged for series
flow of material.
185.5 through 197, for rotary comminuting devices provided
with members which strike the material.
220 for rotary surfaces which cooperate with other surfaces
to effect comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, the various rotating tool subclasses, for
similar devices for shaping wood.
451, Abrading, 177 for an abrading device employing a
rotating tool.
Subclass:
278.1
Radial comminuting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in
which the rotary surface is generally normal to the axis of
rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for comminuting apparatus in which the comminuting
surface is provided with a radial comminuting face having
openings to permit discharge of material.
244 for a comminuting device in which comminution is
effected between the cooperating radial surfaces of rotary
comminuting members
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 622 and 631+
for a rotating radial face food separating machine.
451, Abrading, 259 for an abrading machine in which a rotary
tool presents a radial face to the material.
Subclass:
278.2
Internal comminuting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in
which the material is presented to a rotary comminuting
surface that is generally curved about and faces the axis
thereof.
(1) Note. The comminuting surface may comprise the inside of
a rotary drum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for comminuting apparatus provided with a rotary
comminuting surface having openings to permit discharge of
material.
228 for comminuting apparatus in which material is
comminuted between an internal comminuting surface and a
cooperating rotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, 259 for an abrading machine in which a rotary
tool presents an internal face to the material.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in
which the material is supported for presentation to the
rotating comminuting surface by means which permits the
rotation of the material about an axis within itself or which
imparts a rotary motion to it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 for means for supporting material for rotation relative
to a stationary comminuting surface having passages for the
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, appropriate lathe subclasses, for a similar
device which provides for rotation of the work for shaping
wood as opposed to comminution.
451, Abrading, the various "work rotating" subclasses, for
similar relationships in abrading machines.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus
provided with mechanism to carry the material up to and
against the periphery of the comminuting surface.
(1) Note. Most of the devices classified here are the
abrading wood pulp type grinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 151 and 152.1+, for plural devices provided with feed
means of this type.
278.1 and the notes thereto for means for forcing material
against a radial or internal surface.
279 for such devices having means to rotate material.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Apparatus in
which the material forcing mechanism comprises means to
engage a side or sides of the column of material being
carried toward the comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
144, Woodworking, subclass 181.2 for a roller feed for a
wood slicer.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses, for
conveyors, per se, which engage the side or sides of a column
of material.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Devices in
which the material forcing mechanism comprises a
reciprocating follower which is generally radially arranged
relative to the rotating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for interconnected means for operating a plurality of
reciprocating followers as defined above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 386, for containers provided with followers
to dispense material therefrom.
451, Abrading, 212 for a reciprocating work feeder for a
rotary abrading tool.
Subclass:
282.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus
provided with a knife or blade-like comminuting element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
292.1 for similar devices not involving rotation.
Subclass:
282.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 282.1. Apparatus
wherein the member is removably fastened to a revolving
support.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which material is presented to a single
comminuting surface which has a reciprocating motion relative
to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94 for identical devices in which the comminuting surfaces
are provided with passages for the material.
136 and 151, for a plurality of such devices arranged for
parallel or series parallel material flow therethrough.
Apparatus in which a plurality of distinct columns of
material are fed against a common surface was considered to
present a plurality of comminuting zones in parallel.
152.1 for a plurality of such devices in series.
205 237, 250, and 262+, for devices having surfaces which
reciprocate relative to a cooperating surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, 136, for hand manipulated scrapers adapted to be
reciprocated over the surface of material.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for a cutting device
provided with a reciprocating tool.
144, Woodworking, appropriate reciprocating cutter subclasses
for a device for cutting wood or a similar material.
451, Abrading, 162 for an abrading machine having
reciprocating tools.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which (1) portions of the material are caused to
move relatively with respect to other portions to effect
comminution by attrition, or (2) portions of the material are
subjected to pressure against other portions thereof, or (3)
the material is subjected to the combined action of both
attrition and compression.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for corresponding processes.
39 for attrition devices in which the material is suspended
in a fluid.
91 for rotary screen receptacles for tumbling material to
comminute it by attrition.
170 for attrition devices employing loose grinding bodies.
276 for devices in which a conveyor forces material against
a stationary surface or material bed to effect the
comminution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses not
elsewhere provided for, and see especially 104 for presses
having drain means for expressed liquids.
451, Abrading, 32 and 326+ for a process or apparatus for
abrading articles by mutual attrition.
Subclass:
285.1
Comminutor mounting means, frame or other normally stationary
structure:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus in which the claims are limited to the means for
supporting the comminutor, the stationary frame parts of the
comminutor, and other parts combined therewith which are
adapted to remain stationary during the normal operation of
the device and are not provided for above.
(1) Note. See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPORT AND
MOUNTING MEANS and Lines With Other Classes of the class
definition of this class for notes to related art and for a
statement of the lines followed with other classes as to
supports, frames, etc.
(2) Note. The combination of a frame with a normally
stationary comminuting element is included here unless the
particular combination is provided for above. Where a moving
comminuting element is significantly included, classification
is proper in a subclass above which provides for the moving
comminuting element. Combinations limited to a comminuting
element and its immediate supporting structure, where no
reference to significant frame structure is included, are
classified below as elements in subclasses 291+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.014 for a garbage disposal housing.
65 for a frame or other stationary comminutor part provided
with means (e.g., a heating jacket) to change the temperature
of the material.
83 for a frame for mounting a comminuting element having
openings.
226 for a frame having attached means for retaining material
on a rotary surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 27 for a residual
building structure combined with an article or article
support and subclasses 648.1+ for a three-dimensional
openwork frame, tower, etc.
248, Supports, 637 for a machinery support of general
application.
384, Bearings, 428 for a support for a bearing.
Subclass:
285.2
Removable or displaceable housing section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Apparatus
including a portion for encasing the comminuting structure
which is intended to (a) be readily detached from the
remainder thereof or (b) be repositioned relative to the
remainder thereof.
Subclass:
285.3
Pivoted housing section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.2. Apparatus
including a portion for encasing the comminuting structure
which is intended to be repositioned relative to the
remainder thereof by movement about an axis.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 285.1. Apparatus in
which the frame members are provided with means to adjustably
or yieldably mount the normally stationary comminuting
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for means mounting comminuting elements for release upon
overload.
37 for automatically controlled means for adjusting the
distance between cooperating comminuting surfaces.
46.014 for the housing of a sink mounted garbage disposal.
239 for comminutors in which a nonrotary surface is mounted
so as to be adjustable or yieldable relative to a
significantly claimed cooperating rotary surface.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in
which the stationary comminuting element is pivotally
connected to the frame structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for pivotally mounted perforated comminuting elements
which cooperate with a rotary striking member.
239 for pivotally mounted comminuting elements in
combination with a cooperating rotary surface.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Apparatus in
which the comminuting element is so pivoted to the frame,
usually by a universal mounting or its equivalent, as to be
capable of assuming and maintaining a number of different
positions, i.e., by self- adjusting relative to the moving
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 107 for a coupling which accommodates relative
displacements between a millstone and a vertically oriented
shaft.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Apparatus in
which the normally stationary member is mounted to yield
about the pivotal connection as an axis upon the application
of an abnormal force.
(1) Note. The mounting must be such as will return the
comminuting element to its original position upon cessation
of the abnormal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for overload release devices for supporting comminuting
elements for yielding movement but which are not adapted to
return the element to its original position upon cessation of
the force.
290 for yieldingly mounted comminuting elements mounted
otherwise than upon a pivot.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in
which the normally stationary comminuting element is so
connected to the frame as to be capable of yielding movement
upon the application of abnormal force.
(1) Note. The mounting must be such as will return the
comminuting element to its original position upon the
cessation of the abnormal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for overload release devices for supporting comminuting
elements for yielding movement but which are not adapted to
return the element to its original position upon cessation of
the force.
289 for pivotally mounted yielding comminuting elements.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising single comminuting elements not provided
for above.
(1) Note. Supporting means for the element in combination
therewith has been included in this group except where such
means locates the element relative to the frame of the
machine or the other comminuting elements.
(2) Note. In all cases where a plurality of cooperating
comminuting elements are claimed significantly or the driving
means of a moving element was included, the device was
considered to be a comminuting organization and was
classified as such and excluded from this group.
(3) Note. See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND
MOUNTING MEANS and Lines With Other Classes, References to
Other Classes of the class definition of this class for notes
to art in other classes relating to supports or shaft
couplings for comminutor elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for comminuting elements provided with means to modify
the temperature thereof.
83 for comminuting elements having openings therein to
permit the discharge of material.
102 for comminuting elements deformable by contact with the
material.
179 184, 191+, and 195+, for comminuting elements which are
considered restricted in use to particular organizations and
classified therewith.
235 242+ and 260+, for comminuting elements having nonsmooth
surface characteristics where such elements are claimed
significantly in combination with cooperating elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, Note particularly the
class definitions for the classification of other
compositions.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 327 for an earth
boring bit or bit element.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, 79.1
for a cutter head or tooth for recovering valuable material
or breaking up hard material in situ.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, for patents having
claims to comminuting elements claimed solely in terms of
their metal or alloy composition, whether or not the alloy is
claimed, per se.
451, Abrading, 540 for similar elements which abrade the
material.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Comminuting
elements provided with means attached thereto to adjust or
alter the distribution of weight about the axis of the
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 66, for machines for testing rotor
unbalance.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 573, for rotors
and fly-wheels provided with balancing means.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 107 for coupling which accommodates
displacement between a millstone and a vertically oriented
shaft.
Subclass:
292.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus
wherein the comminutor is a knife-like element which is
perpendicular to an axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282.1 for similar devices in a rotary comminutor.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Comminuting
elements having a generally cylindrical or frusto-conical
shape and which present a peripheral comminuting surface.
(1) Note. See the notes to subclass 291, for such elements
classified elsewhere in this class on the basis of special or
combined characteristics, and see the notes to the definition
of subclass 221, for references to other classes employing
rolls in organizations which change the dimensions of the
material or its particle size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 242+ and 260+, for such elements having nonsmooth surface
characteristics in cooperation with other comminuting
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 54, for textile gin
rollers.
100, Presses, 155 for roll type conveying presses not
elsewhere classified, and see especially subclass 176 for
roll pairs.
451, Abrading, 541 for cylindrical abrading elements.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Comminuting
elements provided with comminuting surfaces formed in a
plurality of sections or embodying separable surface
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for cylindrical comminuting elements having apertures
with means for securing cutting blades thereto.
191 for rotors having striking members having the defined
characteristics.
298 for sectional disk-like comminuting elements.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Comminuting
elements in which the sections are generally annular.
(1) Note. The cleavage planes between the sections are
usually normal to the axis but may be in the form of a helix
or set at an angle to the normal plane so long as the
sections are generally annular.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Comminuting
elements which have comminuting surfaces in the general shape
of a disk on a radial face.
(1) Note. Most of the patents classified in this subclass
are concerned with the surface characteristics of the disk,
i.e., the millstone "dress".
(2) Note. See the notes to subclass 291 for such elements
classified elsewhere in the class on the basis of special or
combined characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for such elements having nonsmooth surface
characteristics arranged in cooperative relationship with
another element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 622 and 631+
for rotating radial face food separating means particularly
subclass 633 for an irregularly shaped radial face.
100, Presses, 155 for roll type conveying presses not
elsewhere classified, and see especially subclass 176 for
roll pairs.
144, Woodworking, subclass 176, for a wood slicing disk.
403, Joints and Connections, 230 for a joint between a hub
or plate-like member and shaft.
451, Abrading, subclasses 508-520, and 548+, for an abrading
tool in the form of a disk.
460, Crop Threshing or Separating, subclass 47, for disks
used in corn shellers.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 107 for a coupling which accommodates
displacement between a millstone and a vertically oriented
shaft.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Comminuting
elements provided with comminuting faces on both sides.
(1) Note. The plural faces of the elements may either be
adapted for alternative use (reversible) or for simultaneous
use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for organizations embodying such elements in which the
plural faces are adapted for simultaneous use.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Comminuting
elements in which the comminuting face is made up of sections
or parts, at least one of which is prefabricated, which are
subsequently assembled to form the comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92 for disk-like comminuting elements having apertures
therein provided with prefabricated assembled sections of
parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for
joints and connections of general utility.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Comminuting
elements comprising annular structures which present an
internal comminuting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for such elements provided with temperature modifying
means.
83 for such elements provided with openings for the passage
of comminuted material.
102 for such elements provided with a surface deformable by
contact with the material.
179 for receptacle structure including internal comminuting
surface features.
228 for such elements combined with a cooperating rotary
member.
260 for such elements having nonsmooth surface
characteristics arranged in cooperative relationship with
another element.
278.1 for such elements combined with means to present to
the internal face the material to be comminuted.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Comminuting
elements in which the wear face or a section thereof is
provided with means to attach it to a backing member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for rotary striking members having attached wear
members.
294 for sectional or separable surface elements adapted to
form a wear face for, and be attached to, cylindrical or
frusto-conical elements.
298 for wear face sections to be applied to disk-like
comminuting elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for
joints and connections of general utility.
Subclass:
300.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Apparatus
wherein the comminuting elements are thin, knife-like
members; some lie evenly in a plane and others lie unevenly
in such plane.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus not hereinbefore provided for.
(1) Note. For example, in this subclass will be found
miscellaneous types of comminutors not hereinbefore provided
for and combinations of feeders with comminutors in which the
latter is not claimed with such particularity as to form a
basis of classification in a preceding subclass.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of disclosures
pertaining to various aspects of the comminuting art which
aspects do not form appropriate bases for subclasses in the
foregoing classification (i.e., subclasses superior hereto in
the schedule), wherein original copies of patents are placed
on basis of proximate function of the apparatus. These
subclasses assist a search based on remote function of the
apparatus and may be of further assistance to the searcher,
either as a starting point in searching this class or as an
indication of further related fields of search inside or
outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a second
access for retrieval of a limited number of types of
disclosures.
(1) Note. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for
their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
secondary fields of search, without regard to their original
classification or their claimed subject matter.
(2) Note. The disclosure found in the following subclasses
are examples only of the indicated subject matter, and in no
instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior
art.
Subclass:
600
Apparatus which comminutes fuel and is provided with means to
deliver the product to a combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101.5 and other appropriate subclasses involving material
handling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 232 for a refuse incinerator or
solid fuel furnace provided with comminuting means.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, for the combination of a fuel
comminutor and a furnace or stove.
Subclass:
601
Apparatus which are used to disintegrate lumpy sand or other
hard material, usually as a reconditioning treatment of
previously used material.
Subclass:
602
Apparatus which comminutes and dispenses soap.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
221, Article Dispensing and 222, Dispensing, appropriate
subclasses, for soap dispensers not provided with a
comminutor.
Subclass:
603
Animal powered mill:
Apparatus in which power is derived from an animal to drive a
comminutor.
Subclass:
604
Plural inlets for diverse materials:
Apparatus in which plural inputs are adapted to feed material
of diverse characteristics to a comminutor.
Subclass:
605
Hay unbaler:
Apparatus specifically designed to break apart tightly
bundled hay.
Subclass:
606
Medical/surgical waste comminution:
Apparatus designed to comminute material or a device used in
a medical or surgical procedure, generally intended for
further disposal.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000