U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 228
METAL FUSION BONDING
Class Definition:
This is a residual class for metal fusion bonding as defined
in this definition.
For placement of a patent in this class, its claimed
disclosure should meet the minimum requirements of the class
definition, and should not extend beyond the boundaries
indicated in Scope of the Class, below, and discussed in
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class.
Terms followed by an asterisk (*) in the definitions are
defined in the Glossary, below.
This class provides for an apparatus for or a method of
joining the meeting faces of juxtaposed or engaged metal work
parts or of the same part originally in a form-sustaining
state, by the direct application of heat and/or mechanical
energy to either of: (a) such work parts, to such an extent
as to effect a flowing or blending together of some of the
metal in neighboring regions of said work parts into a
continuous metallic zone interconnecting said work parts, or
(b) such work parts and a metallic filler, to such an extent
as to effect a flowing or blending together of the filler and
some of the metal of said work portions into a continuous
metallic zone interconnecting said work portions with filler
and thus with each other.
Additionally, this class provides for methods of joining a
metal work part to a juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work part
wherein bonding there between is effected by intermingling of
the molecules of the metal part with the nonmetal part; and
for methods of joining juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work
parts when utilizing metallic cement.
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
Placement of an original patent into Class 228 may be made on
the basis of a claim reciting means for or the step of
applying to work portions energy in the form of: (1) heat;
(2) pressure; and/or (3) vibratory energy, provided that
there is a teaching that a metal fusion bonded product is
produced by the applied energy.
Also see Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 228 includes patents disclosing and claiming certain
steps or instrumentalities useful for a proper operation of
fusion bonding which are partially listed as follows: (1) a
metallic heat applicator (subclasses 51+); (2) seam back-up
means (subclass 50 and subclass 216); (3) specialized solder
pot (subclass 56); (4) solder form (subclass 56)
A patent claiming closing of a minute opening in a single
workpiece (e.g., tipping) is proper subject matter for Class
228, in that the periphery of a single work opening is
considered to constitute meeting faces of a single work part
as required by the definition of this class. Coating of a
work part which may, incidentally, cover small openings in
the part is not considered to be proper subject matter for
this class.
RELATIONSHIP TO CLASSES INVOLVING, PER SE, METAL FUSION
BONDING
Classes Of Article Making
Generally a patent claiming making of a particular article
will be found in the appropriate class directed to making of
that article except that a patent claiming performing a
single fusion bonding operation is placed in this class
(228). Fusion bonding combined with additional operations
which are considered to be ancillary to the bonding (e.g.,
preheating, positioning for bonding, or pretinning) will also
be found in this class (228).
Examples of such classes providing for the manufacture of
particular articles may be found in References to Other
Classes, below.
Because of the technology in the making of semiconductor and
related devices, certain art terms used to designate
operations specially recognized in that discipline are listed
below which, when combined with fusion bonding, will cause
placement of a patent in Class 29, Metal Working, and Class
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for
methods of packaging a semiconductor device and subclasses
455+ for laminating or bonding plural semiconductor
substrates; see the search notes thereunder.
(1) Diffusion (not diffusion bonding)
(2) Assembling two semiconductors for an electrical function
(Note that each semiconductor may be, for example, a player,
an n layer, a chain of p or n layers or a laminated article
of p and n layers).
(3) Shaping a metal layer to form a conductor.
(4) Cutting
(5) Assembling other than to bond (i.e., other than
juxtapose)
(6) Bonding to create a junction
(7) Doping
Also see References to Other Classes, below, for specific
search notes to the following:
The Class Of Wireworking
The Class Of Metal Casting
The Class Of Electric Fusion Bonding
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES
A patent claiming a combination of metal fusion bonding with
a different operation, whether manufacturing or
nonmanufacturing, is proper subject matter for Class 228,
except as specifically noted in the search notes in
References to Other Classes, below, relating to the following
combination classes:
The Class Of Package Making
The Classes Including Post-fusion Treatment
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES
The Heating Classes:
Placement of a patent claiming heating is in the appropriate
heating class, even though the sole disclosed application of
the heat is in the production of a metal fusion-bonded
product of this class (228). In this connection, the term
"heating" includes the usually accepted auxiliary means or
step such as supporting or holding material to be heated, or
causing or permitting relative movement between the material
and the heating means.
But if, in addition to the above recited heating structure or
step, a claim recites a means to further metal fusion
bonding, placement is in this class (228). Examples of such
claimed limitations are: (a) moving or guiding one work part
relative to another work part, into a position for mutual
fusion bonding; (b) forcing or urging one work portion
against another work portion at the immediate zone of fusion;
or (c) moving or guiding flux or filler.
A claim to the combination of a Class 228 application (e.g.,
"soldering") with supplying of heat to such applicator is
considered to define heating, proper for one of the heating
classes (see paragraph 4, below), even though details of the
applicator are also recited, such as: (a.) its alloy
composition or its shape; or (b) adjusting such applicator
relative to its support.
"Means for supplying heat" may be, for example, nothing more
elaborate or detailed than a claimed pair of terminals for
connection of the applicator to an electrical circuit. See
References to Other Classes, below, for examples of classes
providing for heating.
The Work Handling Or Product Handling Classes:
The placement of patents claiming handling work for, or
product of, a metal fusion bonding operation, and also
claiming fusion bonding is in this class (228) except where
the fusion bonding is recited by name only, i.e., in terms
that name but do not describe any characteristics of a metal
fusion bonding operation. The so excepted patents are placed
in appropriate classes related to material handling, per se.
See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of
classes providing for handling the work or product of a
fusion bonding operation.
See References to Other Classes, below, for specific search
notes to the following classes:
The Classes Of Coating
The Class Of Adhesive Bonding
The Class Of Static Structures
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 1.1-25.42, 91+, 592.1 through
623.5 and 825 through 899.1 (class of article making)
29, Metal Working, particularly subclasses 33+, includes the
combination of metal fusion bonding apparatus with another
type of manufacturing apparatus, if the other operation
occurs subsequent to the metal fusion bonding, or if the
disclosure is silent as to whether such other type of
manufacturing operation occurs before or after the bonding
operation generally. (Note that the combination of metal
fusion bonding apparatus with another type of manufacturing
apparatus is found in Class 228 if the bonding occurs
subsequent to the other operation.) Class 29, particularly
subclasses 592+, includes a method of metal fusion bonding
combined with another type of manufacturing operation, other
than when it is clear that the metal fusion bonding occurs
subsequent to the other operation. (Class Including
Post-fusion Treatment)
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), includes in situ
construction of a static structure, even if claimed in
combination with metal fusion bonding. (Class Of Static
Structures)
53, Package Making, includes patents for the combination of
fusion bonding to make or close a metal receptacle, with
receptacle filling or contents material treating or for gas
filling and/or evacuating, regardless of whether or not such
additional operation occurs before, during or after the
fusion bonding operation. (Class Of Package Making)
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making (class of article
making)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures (class providing for heating).
118, Coating Apparatus, includes patents to apparatus for
coating metal upon a single, individual, form-sustaining
metallic work part, or a plurality of discrete parts, even
when the sole use of the coating lies in the subsequent
fusion bonding of such individual work part(s) to another
work part. (class of coating)
126, Stoves and Furnaces (class providing for heating).
140, Wireworking, subclasses 71+. (class of article making)
140, Wireworking, subclasses 111+, for placement of a patent
claiming apparatus for joining metal wire by a fusion bonding
operation, generally. Methods of bonding wire are to be found
in this class (228) unless combined with another operation
peculiar to the making of wire material. (Class Of
Wireworking)
148, Metal Treatment, particularly subclass 127, includes
metal treatment comprising changing of the crystalline
structure of metal combined with metal fusion bonding. (Class
Including Post-fusion Treatment)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
includes fusion bonding wherein: (a) nonmetallic work parts
are bonded directly together; (b) metallic and/or nonmetallic
work parts are bonded together by non-metallic filler
(adhesive); or (c) a metallic work part is bonded directly to
nonmetallic work part by at least slightly melting the
nonmetallic material (to effect a nonmetallurgical bond).
This class (228) includes fusion bonding wherein: (a)
metallic work parts are bonded directly together; (b)
metallic and/or nonmetallic work parts are bonded together by
metallic filler; or (c) a metallic work part is bonded
directly to a nonmetallic work part where there is no melting
of the nonmetal (and a metallurgical bond is effected).
(class of adhesive bonding)
163, Needle and Pin Making. (class of article making)
164, Metal Founding, includes fusion bonding plural metallic
work portions by metal casting involving the use of a "mold".
In the apparatus portion of this class (228), in order to
constitute a "mold" and thereby exclude a claim from this
class, a device must confine molten metallic material in all
directions against the force of gravity and at least a
portion of such device must be readily removable from the
product of the casting operation. On the other hand, in the
process portion of this class (228) in order to constitute
"molding" and exclude a patent from this class, significant
shaping must be set forth. (Class of Metal Casting)
165, Heat Exchange (class providing for heating).
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways (class
providing for handling the work or product of a fusion
bonding operation).
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven (class providing for handling
the work or product of a fusion bonding operation).
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids (class
providing for handling the work or product of a fusion
bonding operation).
219, Electric Heating, includes patents for joining metallic
work parts provided that the work parts or the filler
material constitute part of an electrical circuit that
supplies the energy to produce the bond. For placement of a
patent therein, there must be some indication in a claim that
the fusion bonding apparatus is in fact an electrical
apparatus or that the process includes electrical current
through the work parts or the filler. Hence, placement of a
patent will be in this class (228), if such claim recites
only a "welding device", "welding", or "spot welding"
regardless of the disclosure.
219, Electric Heating (class providing for heating).
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding (class providing for
handling the work or product of a fusion bonding operation).
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length (class
providing for handling the work or product of a fusion
bonding operation).
266, Metallurgical Apparatus (class providing for heating).
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering (class providing for
handling the work or product of a fusion bonding operation).
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements (class
providing for handling the work or product of a fusion
bonding operation).
414, Material or Article Handling (class providing for
handling the work or product of a fusion bonding operation).
427, Coating Processes, includes the step of coating metal
upon a single, individual, form-sustaining metallic work part
or a plurality of discrete work parts, even when the sole use
of the coating lies in the subsequent fusion bonding of such
individual work part(s) to another work part. (class of
coating)
432, Heating (class providing for heating).
901, Robots (class providing for handling the work or
product of a fusion bonding operation).
GLOSSARY:
APPLICATOR
A device by or through which heat, pressure, vibratory
energy, flux* and/or filler* may be applied directly to the
work*.
FILLER
A metallic material to be applied to the work in order to
join meeting face* together and become an integral part of
the product*.
FLUX
A nonmetallic material to be applied to the work in order to:
(1) shield the work from atmospheric oxygen or other harmful
gases, (2) chemically remove oxides or other films, or (3)
otherwise augment bonding.
MEETING FACE
That portion of a work part* intended to abut and be fusion
bonded to another similar portion of the same or another work
part.
METAL
Material which may be subjected to an operation of the class
type; an elemental metal or alloy of mixture of metals in
self-shape-sustaining state (i.e., not molten, gaseous, or
powdered).
PRODUCT
Solid material or article after an operation of the class
type has been performed thereon.
(1) Note. The product of one operation may constitute work*
for a subsequent operation.
ROLLER
A tangible instrumentality having a peripheral surface which
is generated by a line revolving about an axis, said
instrumentality being disclosed as revolving about said axis
so that successive peripheral portions thereof cyclically
move into and out of engagement with a generally planar
surface of another member, with relative movement occurring
between said axis and the planar surface along a direction
parallel to the planar surface, thereby producing a relative
rolling motion between the roller surface and the planar
surface as contrasted with a sliding motion, (i.e., the
surfaces move in the same direction at substantially the same
linear speed so that there is no relative linear movement
between the roller surface and the planar surface at point of
engagement).
(1) Note. The generating line of the peripheral surface of
the roller may have any continuous profile (e.g., straight,
curved, or irregular), and the line may have any desired
inclination, other than at right angles, relative to the
axis. Thus, to be considered a ROLLER, any and all
cross-sections taken at right angles to the axis must show a
circular material engaging periphery.
ROLLER-LIKE MEMBER
A tangible rotating instrumentality having a peripheral
surface with some, but not all, of the characteristics of a
roller*.
(1) Note. (a) In a first type of roller-like member the
surface is generated by a line revolving about an axis (thus
the member looks like a roller), but there is relative
movement between the surface of the roller-like member and
another member to produce sliding action therebetween; or;
(b) In a second type of roller-like member the relative
movement of the roller-like member and another member and
another member produces rolling engagement between their
respective surfaces (thus the roller-like member acts like a
roller), but the surface is not generated by a revolving line
(e.g., the roller-like member is rough, gear-like, or
recessed).
WORK
Material which is intended to be subjected to a treatment of
the class type.
WORK PART
An article to be subjected to the class type operation.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1.1
MEANS TO APPLY VIBRATORY SOLID-STATE BONDING ENERGY (E.G.,
ULTRASONIC, ETC.) TO WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
for subjecting work to an oscillation having a cyclic
frequency within or above that of audible sound, which
oscillation is disclosed as effecting fusion-bonding by a
scrubbing type action of two work parts in intimate contact
thereby tending to disrupt any bond inhibiting substances
therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for means for causing vibratory motion in either the work
or an applicator for the purpose of cleaning the work or
applicator.
44.3 for means for applying continuous pressure to work
parts without the application of ultrasonic energy.
56.2 for a solder pot or bath provided with means to apply
ultrasonic energy to liquid flux or filler.
110.1 for the process of metallurgically bonding by the
effect of vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 56, for a method of or
apparatus for, deforming metal by the application of kinetic
energy of fluid or field.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly subclass 558 for a
process of treating solid or semi-solid metal with high
frequency vibration.
Subclass:
2.1
INCLUDING MEANS TO PROVIDE HEAT BY FRICTION BETWEEN
RELATIVELY MOVING SURFACES (I.E., FRICTION WELDER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for causing motion, one with respect to the
other, of either (a) two mutually engaging work portions or
(b) a work portion and a work-engaging, tangible
instrumentality, which rubbing contact generates heat
sufficient to produce a flow of the metal work portion(s) for
subsequent fusion bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112.1 for a method of fusion bonding using frictional heat.
Subclass:
2.3
Means to rotate one surface relative to the other about a
fixed axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein
the relative movement comprises rotation of one of the
surfaces about a line passing generally normally
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114.5 for a method of fusion bonding including heating of
the work by rotating one surface relative to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 67+ for a device for
deforming work turning about an axis by causing relative
rubbing motion between such work and a tool.
Subclass:
2.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means to release a high energy shock wave and cause
the energy released to directly engage the meeting face of a
work part and thereby cause that face to intimately engage
and become united with the corresponding face of another work
part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 for the process of bonding by release of explosive
energy.
Subclass:
3.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for applying a mechanical force to the meeting
faces* of two work parts to produce a fusion bond at said
area without the aid of any other force or energy (e.g.,
heat).
(1) Note. A patent disclosing the bonding of work heated to
any degree above and beyond room temperature is excluded
herefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44.3 for a device for applying pressure to work which has
been or is being heated.
subclasses 115+ for a method of bonding by pressure alone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 199+, for a roller or
roller-like tool-element for deforming metal work; and see
the search notes thereto.
81, Tools, subclasses 300+, for pliers of general utility.
100, Presses, for a press of general utility.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclasses 90+, for an
impacting device of general utility.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
Subclass:
4.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device,
having means for causing relative movement between separate
workpieces to position such workpieces in adjacency or
engagement and means for fusion bonding one of said
workpieces to the other, forming more than one distinct
bonded joint.
(1) Note. Multiple "spot" welds along a single pair of
meeting faces are not considered to be distinct for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 15+ and 49.1+, for a fusion bonding device
having means for juxtaposing two portions of a single
workpiece.
subclasses 178+ for a process of forming plural
metallurgical joints.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+, for the combination of
apparatus for producing a fusion bonded product plus
apparatus using such product as work in subsequent assembling
operation; subclasses 700+, for apparatus for assembling, per
se; subclasses 428+, for a corresponding method; and see
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, The Classes
Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228).
Subclass:
4.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device
including means to metallurgically unite a first part to an
additional part(s) at first and second points on the first
part to transmit electrical energy from the additional
part(s) with respect thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.1 for a process of making an electrical device involving
plural bonds.
Subclass:
5.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device
including an instrumentality capable of altering some
property, characteristic, or condition of at least one
workpiece before it has become a part of a fusion-bonded
product*.
(1) Note. The alteration, for example, may include
cleaning, cutting, deforming, insulation stripping, etc.,
before bonding.
Subclass:
5.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device
including a flexible member generally adapted to conform to
the surface behind the meeting face of one of the parts and
distribute energy from a power supply to that surface and
cause the meeting faces to be united.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for the process of bonding including use of a compliant
cushioning medium.
Subclass:
5.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device
particularly adapted to cut to shape and unite the rear
longitudinal extent of a first web or work to the front
longitudinal extent of a second web to form a product of the
combined length of the webs.
Subclass:
6.1
Plural discrete workpieces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device which
juxtaposes workpieces, all of whose dimensions are
determinable.
(1) Note. This subclass excludes means for bonding material
of indeterminate length; e.g., forming bimetallic strip, by
rolling laminae together, welding wire (from a reel) onto a
workpiece, etc. Patents to means for bonding such workpieces
are found in subclass 4.1.
Subclass:
6.2
With electrical connection made at joint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Apparatus
wherein the discrete workpieces are electrical devices such
that the bonded joint provides and electrically conductive
path therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44.7 for apparatus for forcing work parts together one of
which is an electrical device.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
provided with detection means for sensing a particular shape,
dimension of property of (e.g., holes, indentations, marks,
magnetic or optical characteristics, etc.) a tangible object
temporarily presented to the device; and with mechanism,
actuated by or responsive to the detection means, for
regulating an operation of the device.
(1) Note. Placement into this subclass requires the
disclosure that the temporarily presented tangible object be
capable of being exchanged with a different object, or its
form be capable of being changed, for the purpose of
performing a different or modified operation. Therefore, an
integral part of a machine (e.g., cam) is not included even
though there is a disclosure that the part may be removed
from the machine for purposes of replacement with a like
part.
(2) Note. The tangible object, may be a workpiece, provided
that the controlled operation is performed upon another
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 10+ for a device controlled by the presence or
absence of work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 76.1, for a cutting means provided with
similar control apparatus.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 9,
for material advancing means provided with similar control
apparatus.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclasses 59+, for
a pattern-controlled selective cutting machine.
901, Robots, subcollection 2+, for the controlling of a robot
arm, particularly subcollection 10, for the guiding of the
arm by direct contact with the work, and subcollection 42,
for an art collection of welding robots.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means for: (1) detecting any of the following
characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or
property, or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any
of the following: the work, the product of a machine, the
machine itself, any part of the machine, or the environment
of the machine affecting the operation thereof; and (2)
initiating (as a direct result of such detection) a force or
energy impulse other than that generated or transmitted by
the detecting means; and (3) regulating or modifying (as a
direct result of such initiation) the operation of said
machine.
(1) Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at
least four instrumentalities for original placement herein.
One of these must be a fusion-bonding machine or a device
(e.g., work feeder, work-heater, product-handler) necessary
to the proximate function of fusion-bonding. The other three
are: (a) a senser (e.g., photo-cell system, trip-lever,
pressure diaphragm) to detect a condition as stated in (a) of
the definition. (b) an activator (e.g., an element to make or
break an electric circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause a
release of energy more than, or different from, that
accounted for by mere change in condition (e.g., position or
movement) of the senser while it is functioning; and (c) a
controller (e.g., a motor or driver for said machine or
device) to change or cause the operation of said machine or
device. Therefore, a cam follower (or senser) directly
linked to a controller, whereby follower movement directly
effects controller movement, is not proper subject matter for
this subclass due to lack of an activator as defined. On the
other hand, disclosure of a cam follower that makes and
breaks an electrical circuit that energizes a motor, may be
placed herein.
(2) Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the
machine is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For
example, disclosure of an on-off switch manipulated by an
operative to start and/or stop the machine (even though the
switch initiates a release of energy) is not included herein,
but is placed on the basis of claimed features of the
machines.
(3) Note. The machine that is regulated by the control
means is not limited to a fusion-bonding machine of this
class. It can be another machine associated with the
fusion-bonding machine if the claim reciting the combination
of the other machine and fusion-bonding machine is acceptable
for placement into this class (228).
(4) Note. The control systems disclosed in the patents of
this and indented subclasses are similar in concept to
control systems of other classes (see the search notes
below). The total operations and the claimed combinations
are, of course, different, but the control systems, per se,
found in the classes referenced in the search notes below are
usually analogous to those herein, and may be applicable to
the machines of this class (228).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 6+ and see (4) Note,
above.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses and see (4) Note, above.
The notes to Class 83, subclass 399 summarize all the
subclasses in Class 83 pertaining to "control" subclasses
therein.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses
10+ and see (4) Note above.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclasses 2+, for
elongated member driving means provided with control
apparatus.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device, whose
detecting means is arranged to sense the presence, absence,
size, temperature, or other property or condition of work
associated with the device.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Device whose
detecting means is arranged to sense the presence or absence
of a workpiece in the device.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Device whose
detecting means modifies or regulates the operation of means
to move filler.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device comprising
a work-holding device which conveys the work to or past a
fusion-bonding device, the detecting means being arranged to
sense the presence or absence of such work-holding device at
a given location.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means for severing or dividing a portion of the
work, filler, flux or product* from a large body thereof,
thus changing at least one of the dimensions of such body.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Device including
means for bringing work, and that portion of the filler or
the flux which has been cut, into mutual engagement.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing
melting of the cut filler or flux before application to the
work.
Subclass:
15.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means for deforming (and defined below) the work,
filler, or flux wherein the deformation occurs prior to the
fusion bonding.
(1) Note. The term "deformation" for this subclass and the
indented subclasses requires a permanent change in the shape
or size of a member without removal of material therefrom.
See the Class Definition and Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class in Class 72 for a definition of metal
deformation.
(2) Note. A single, integral instrumentality (e.g., welding
bell, may be used to deform and then fuse the work.
(3) Note. Placement into this subclass or the indented
subclasses requires only that there be some deformation of a
work part prior to fusion of that work part; the additional
occurrence of simultaneous deformation is immaterial. For
example, a patent to a device for making helical tubing,
wherein a leading portion of a blank is deformed into a
convolution of a tube and then fused to a following portion
of the blank prior to the deformation of that following
portion, is included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 19+ for apparatus for deforming applied filler
material.
141.1 for the method of bonding combined with shaping.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+, for the combination of
apparatus for producing a fusion-bonded produce with
apparatus using such product as work in a subsequent
deforming operation.
72, Metal Deforming, for a metal deforming device,
particularly subclasses 49+, for production of a helical seam
by deformation; subclasses 51+, for production of a
longitudinal seam by deformation; subclass 66, for formation
of a helical coil by means of a work-guide member orbiting
about the longitudinal centerline of the formed coil;
subclasses 135+, for formation of a helical coil by
deflection running-length work; and subclasses 176+, for
production of a longitudinal seam by deflecting
running-length work.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 128, 149+, 603+, 633, and 765
for apparatus for electric fusion bonding and deforming.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1. Device having
an open ended, tapered passageway, through which the work is
moved in the direction of decreasing taper.
(1) Note. The inner periphery of the conduit is closed or
substantially closed along at least a portion of its length.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 274+, for a similar device
for deforming metal without fusion-bonding.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1. Device wherein
the deformation is directly caused by a roller* or a
roller-like* member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a roller for deforming applied filler material.
30 for a roller that accomplishes fusion-bonding itself,
without producing any prior deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 50, for formation of a helical
seam by shaped deforming roll(s); and subclasses 199+, for a
roller or roller-like tool-element for deforming work.
Subclass:
17.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1. Device
including means to shape or distort a single generally planar
part to a cylindrical configuration and means to surface bond
the meeting faces thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 144+ for the method of uniting the margins of a
one-piece blank.
Subclass:
17.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.5. Device
including means to shape or distort a long attenuated web
into a tubular coil to juxtapose the faces of opposite side
edges along a line running spirally axially along the tube so
formed, and means for bonding the resulting seam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for the method of forming a helically bonded tube.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
to which has been added a sub-combination or assembly which
is recognized as the subject matter of some other class.
(1) Note. The subject matter of the specific subclasses
herein following (19-56.5) are considered so basic to the
operation characterizing this class that they are dealt with
as manifestations of that operation, rather than as
combinations. Thus, fusion-bonding devices with means to
handle or cool work or product, or provided with gauge,
indicator or stop, are considered to be so common in the art
that they do not merit the special characterization of
"combined".
(2) Note. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Relationship to Combination Classes, for a statement
of the line between combinations of apparatus proper for this
class (228), and combinations appropriate to other classes.
(3) Note. Many patents in this subclass are directed to
apparatus for performing a metal fusion-bonding operation
combined with apparatus for mechanically cleaning work or
applicator. However, means for supplying an acid to the work
is considered to be fluxing, even though a cleaning operation
is also performed thereby. Patents claiming means for
performing such an operation will be found in subclasses
33+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for a cleaning
device, per se.
29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+, for the combination of
metal fusion-bonding apparatus with apparatus for performing
a subsequent manufacturing treatment other than fusion
bonding; and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this
class (228).
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 39+, for apparatus for
cleaning plus deforming metallic work.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for exerting a force on, or transmitting energy
to flux or filler material after said material has been
applied to the work for the purpose of changing either the
quantity, density or configuration of such material.
(1) Note. Placement of patent into this and the indented
subclasses requires that the modifying means be a device
independent of the fusion-bonding means. Therefore, seam
modification accomplished by an applicator that applies flux
or filler to the work will be found in the appropriate
applicator subclasses, such as 25+, 33+, etc.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass and the indented
subclasses are patents claiming a desoldering device not
elsewhere classified.
(3) Note. Also included in this subclass (19) are patents
directed to means for applying centrifugal force, or to a
compressing roller, for modifying the applied material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 113, 199+, for deforming means,
per se, which may be effective to roll a fusion-bonded seam.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for a
composition having a continuous phase of free metal made by
consolidating metal particles.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 63 and 100+ for apparatus
for acting on an applied coating.
Subclass:
20.1
By fluid blast or suction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device whose
force applying or energy transferring means comprises an
instrumentality for directing a gas, liquid, or other fluid
in a stream under pressure, or for directing a gas, liquid,
or other fluid by subatmospheric pressure.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is a patent claiming
the combination of fusion bonding means and means for
removing fumes of acid flux during a fusion bonding
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for a device for applying a fluid blast or suction to
work or product for cooling purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 63 for apparatus for
applying a fluid blast to an applied coating.
Subclass:
20.5
Hand tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Device
intended to be supported manually by an operative.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device
comprising means (e.g., a barrier or a tube) in addition to
the force-exerting or energy transmitting means, for
directing the material separated from the work.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device where
force applying means engages said material, with a relative
rubbing or sliding motion, for effecting the change of
quantity, density or configuration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for an applicator pad.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for a wiper,
per se.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device having a
material engaging surface generally defining a closed loop
and means to permit every portion of said surface to
continuously travel in and along said loop during work
engagement.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing
a rotary brush wherein the ends of the bristles constitute a
substantially continuous material engaging surface.
(2) Note. A roller which only compresses a seam, and thus
has no sliding engagement therewith is not considered to be a
wiper, but will be found in subclass 19.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a roller for compressing a seam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 110, for a rotary member
acting on an applied coating.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising an applicator and means to move said applicator to
deliver a series of blows against the work, which series of
blows contributes to the formation of a fusion-bonded seam.
(1) Note. Any deformation of the work by such applicator is
considered to occur simultaneously with the fusion-bonding
thereof, not before fusion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 15+ for fusion-bonding apparatus including means
for deforming work before fusion.
44.3 for a device for delivering a single blow against the
work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclasses 90+ for an
impacting device of general utility.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for moving or guiding an applicator while said
applicator contributes to the formation of a fusion-bonded
product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for means for moving an applicator before or after
fusion-bonding.
47.1 for means for moving work past a stationary applicator
during fusion-bonding.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device whose
applicator is moved or guided along a predetermined path, a
length of which substantially coincides in location and
direction with that of work moving through a zone of
fusion-bonding.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing
some relative movement between the applicator and work during
fusion along part or all of the applicator path length.
(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass are patents
disclosing tangential contact between the applicator and work
(e.g., roller applicator).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for a device comprising a roller or
roller-like applicator which makes tangential contact with
work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 184+, for a "flying tool" for
deforming metal work and see the search class notes thereof.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose
applicator is moved or guided along a zig-zag or looped path
which follows the direction of a seam to be formed and
generally defines the width of such seam.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose
applicator is moved to and fro along a generally straight or
curved path with fusion occurring during both a forward and
return stroke of the applicator.
(1) Note. Also included is a patent disclosing an
applicator progressing along a seam to be formed by
increments while in a continuous to-and-fro motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for means to reciprocate an applicator with fusion
occurring only during the forward or return stroke, but not
both.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose
applicator is moved or guided, during fusion either in a
closed-loop path or along a portion of a planar, closed-loop
path, which portion is curved through-out its length.
(1) Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses are
patents disclosing orbital applicator movement and mutual
engagement of the applicator and work at a tangential point
or line.
(2) Note. The movements known as "rotating", "revolving",
or "orbital" are all considered as having a "closed-loop
path".
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device, wherein
the moving applicator is a roller* or a roller-like* member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 199+, for a roller or
roller-like tool-element for deforming metal work; and see
the search notes thereto.
101, Printing, appropriate subclasses, for a roller or
roller-like member employed in a printing operation.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 244+ and 258+, for a
roller for coating work.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Device, whose
movable roller or roller-like applicator is submerged, at
least partially, in a reservoir of liquid flux or filler
material; or is supplied with liquid flux or filler by a
roller (or roller-like member) which is so submerged; or is
supplied with liquid flux or filler by a train of rollers (or
roller-like members) at least one of which is so submerged.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 244+ and 258+, for a
coating device having a rotary applicator associated with a
bath of liquid coating material.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device,
including means to positively impart motion of the
applicator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for movement of an applicator other than during fusion.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means effective to bring work or applicator (on the
one hand), and flux or filler (on the other), into mutual
engagement.
(1) Note. A hand-maneuvered applicator is excluded from
this and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 52+ for means for applying or supplying flux or
filler material, mounted on a hand-maneuvered applicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, for similar apparatus for supplying
material in a coating operation.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device,
comprising means for physically removing scum or oxide from a
portion of an exposed surface of liquid flux or filler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 422, for coating apparatus
including pool surface skimming or conditioning means.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device,
comprising either a filamentary member or a plurality thereof
for transmitting, or a porous member for absorbing and
transmitting flux or filler material in a liquid state to the
work or applicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 264+, for a pad, or
absorbent or porous applicator, for coating work.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device,
comprising means to move or guide at least part of such work
or applicator into liquid flux or filler material contained
in a reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for a reservoir that moves during fusion,
31 for a bath associated with a roller operating to
ultimately transmit flux or filler to work.
56.1 for a solder pot having passive means for guiding
work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 400+, for immersion means
for coating a single work portion.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device including
means to create or support a stream of flux or filler, or to
disturb the surface of a pool of flux or filler, with which
stream or pool the work is brought into contact.
(1) Note. As disclosed by a number of the patents in this
subclass, the work may be partially immersed in the stream or
pool only to the extent necessary to establish a substantial
surface-to-surface contact of the work and liquid.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device, wherein
the immersion means functions either to:
(1) simultaneously translate and turn the work over and
over, or
(2) move the work in a closed-loop path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 416, for apparatus for
rotating work during coating.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device,
including means for: (a) placing a barrier member or layer
into engagement with an area of the work for effectively
separating such area from the liquid, or (b) physically
limiting movement of the work into the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 406, for similar masking
means associated with coating apparatus.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device, which
functions to move or guide only the work, rather than an
applicator.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device whose
applying or supplying means is designed and intended to bring
the flux or filler into engagement with the work or
applicator which at least a portion of such flux or filler is
in a form-sustaining state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 245+ for a corresponding method.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 76+, for coating apparatus
including means to transfer solid coating material to work.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclasses 49+,
for a hand-manipulable implement including a piece of solid
coating material for coating a work surface by sliding
frictional contact therewith.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device whose
applying or supplying means is designed and intended to bring
the flux into engagement with the work or applicator while
the flux is in a gaseous state.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device including
means to impart motion to, or to guide, the work.
Subclass:
44.3
INCLUDING MEANS TO FORCE OR CLAMP WORK PORTIONS TOGETHER
DURING BONDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means to apply, either directly or indirectly, a
continuous pressure to work parts being bonded, such pressure
urging or holding the portions against one another and being
effective at the immediate zone of fusion.
(1) Note. No attempt has been made to distinguish between
various degrees of pressure. Therefore, patents in this
subclass will include those directed to devices having
opposed work engaging surfaces whose disclosed use is only to
hold the work during fusion (where some pressure will
inherently be present at the area of fusion), as well as
those whose disclosure teaches the use of pressure to
complete or produce the fusion bond.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents claiming
the combination of a pair of opposed dies acting upon
juxtaposed work portions, even though there may inherently be
some further applicator movement after engagement with the
work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for a device for producing a fusion bond by pressure
only.
subclasses 15+ for a device for applying pressure for
deforming work before fusion bonding.
24 for means to apply a series of blows which produce a
fusion bond.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, for a press of general utility.
269, Work Holders, for means to grip, hold or clamp a work
part, per se.
Subclass:
44.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 44.1. Device wherein
the pressure applying means includes particular provision to
coaxially position a pair of hollow cylindrical members for
subsequent metallurgical bonding.
Subclass:
44.7
Work portion comprises electrical component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44.3. Device
particularly adapted to a work part intended to be used in
the transmission or regulation of electrical energy.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means to positively impart motion to, or to direct the
motion of, an applicator other than for the direct purpose of
accomplishing fusion-bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for means to impart repetitive movements of a pressure
applicator toward and against work, to accomplish bonding of
the work by successive impacts.
subclasses 25+ for means to move or guide an applicator
while such applicator is taking part in a bonding operation.
36 for means to move or guide an applicator into a bath of
liquid flux or filler.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for bringing work or product*, and a heat
absorbent medium, into mutual engagement.
(1) Note. A device for presenting the work or product to,
or transporting it through, ambient atmosphere is not
considered to be means to cool. However, apparatus (e.g., a
fan) for circulating air over or around work or product is
considered to constitute such cooling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20.1 for a device for removing flux or filler by means of a
fluid blast or suction.
50 for a seam backup which inherently, or by disclosure,
acts to chill hot metal in contact therewith.
Subclass:
47.1
WITH MEANS TO HANDLE WORK OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for moving, guiding, or affecting the motion of
work or product*, relative to a fusion bonding apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for electric means to heat combined
with means to move or guide work before, during, or after the
heating operation; and see section VII, A of this
definition.
432, Heating, subclass 230 for a residual heating device
including means for moving or guiding work relative to a heat
emitter during heating.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device,
wherein said means to move or guide causes work, circular in
cross-section, to turn about a single, stationary internal
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for means for rotating work in a bath of liquid flux or
filler.
Subclass:
49.1
Including means to orient work or position work portion
relative to another work portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device wherein
said means for moving or guiding either: (a) causes, or
facilitates, motion of the work in a path other than
rectilinear, (b) causes relative movement between portions of
the same work to be bonded, or (c) maintains a desired
spatial relationship between portions of work being bonded.
Subclass:
49.2
Means to rotate work and to position work about a different
axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus
wherein the means is provided for moving the work or product
about a rotary axis and further wherein the means is provided
for moving the work of product in a path other than the
rotary axis.
Subclass:
49.3
Pipe joint aligner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus
wherein the means is provided for juxtaposing meeting faces
of a pair of hollow cylindrical bodies.
Subclass:
49.4
Sheet aligner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus
wherein the means is provided for juxtaposing meeting faces
of the thickness dimension of a pair of bodies each having
one dimension much smaller that its other two.
Subclass:
49.5
Work portion comprises electrical component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Apparatus
wherein the device is particularly adapted to a work part
intended to be used in the transmission or regulation of
electrical energy.
Subclass:
49.6
Work portion comprises can body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device wherein
the device is particularly adapted to work on a work part to
be used as a contents holding vessel.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a tangible instrumentality having a surface
portion designed and intended to engage directly the surface
area of the work or material being fused, on the side of the
work opposite to the side which receives energy for
fusion-bonding, for the purpose of reacting against such
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for a similar instrumentality (a "chill") provided with
means to bring it into engagement with work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 160, for back-up means for an
electric welder.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, for a backup member that
constitutes part of, or remains with, the joint as a
coupling.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a tangible instrumentality having a surface of
metal, designed and intended to engage work and/or flux or
filler material for transferring heat energy thereto so that
a fused bond may be produced.
(1) Note. A "soldering iron" under this subclass is a
handtool (i.e., one which is entirely held and fully
manipulated by hand), and may have attachments that move
relatively during treatment, such as an iron combined with
means to feed flux or filler. However, a hand tool comprising
the combination of an iron and an additional work engaging
member that moves relative to the iron during bonding (e.g.,
"capping iron", which is a soldering iron and a work engaging
tool guide) is not considered to be a "soldering iron", per
se, but will be found in subclasses 25+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 25+ for a hand operated applicator movable with
respect to a work engaging tool guide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 236+, for a heater for a
"soldering iron", subclasses 413+, for a "soldering iron"
having an integral liquid or gaseous fuel burner; and see
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Relationship
to Other Classes, The Heating Classes, in Class 228.
219, Electric Heating, for the combination of a "soldering
iron" and electrical heating means, and see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to Other Classes,
The Heating Classes, in Class 228.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device,
including means for moving or guiding the flux or filler
material relative to the surface of the instrumentality or
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material or Indeterminate Length, for means
for moving solid flux or filler of indeterminate length
either, per se, or to a "soldering iron" which is recited by
name only.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Device,
including means to raise the temperature of the
instrumentality.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 236+, for the
combination of a "soldering iron" and a heater, and see Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to
Other Classes, The Heating Classes, in Class 228.
219, Electric Heating, for the combination of a "soldering
iron" and electrical heating means, and see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to Other Classes,
The Heating Classes, in Class 228.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device, wherein
the material of said instrumentality, at or adjacent to the
surface, is composed of a mixture of concatenation of two or
more different metals*.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device,
including means for (a) changing, or facilitating a change
in, the relative position of the instrumentality and a
supporting member (e.g., handle), or: (b) releasing, or
facilitating a release of, the instrumentality from a
supporting member (e.g., handle).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing
means for permitting the relative position to be changed for
purposes of storage or tip heating, as well as for the
purpose of permitting the head or tip to occupy different
positions.
Subclass:
56.1
SPECIALIZED POT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a receptacle for containing liquid flux or filler
and having passive means for directing work into, or holding
work within the receptacle, or having means to treat the flux
or filler by means other than heating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for a bath associated with a roller operating to
ultimately transmit flux or filler to work.
subclasses 36+ for a "solder pot" combined with means for
bringing work into the liquid material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 240, for the combination
of a "solder pot" and a heater.
Subclass:
56.2
Having means to treat flux or filler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device
comprising a receptacle for containing liquid flux or filler
provided with means to subject the flux or filler to an
action which produces a change in the flux or filler.
Subclass:
56.3
SOLDER FORM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising an article (i.e., a discrete three-dimensional
body substantially in its ultimate use form) adapted to be
applied to work as filler material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, and subclass 263.01 for an
exothermic article, per se.
148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 23-26, for a fluxing
composition, per se.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, subclasses 122+, for a
solder alloy, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock
material product in the form or a rod, bar or single or
plural layer web or sheet with structure (e.g., shape or
size) not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
56.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having means for either:
(1) visually or audibly communicating or making known the
physical state or location of, or
(2) establishing, by abutment therewith, the location of
work, filler, flux, product* or machine part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 31.01 for, metal deforming
apparatus having means for indicating the condition or
position of work, product or machine element.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
which does not meet the definition of any prior subclass in
this schedule.
Subclass:
58
Device for bonding together a plurality of assembled and
juxtaposed galvanic cells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process, subclasses 158+, 160 and 161 for plural
galvanic cells having means to bind the cells together.
Subclass:
59
Means for directing the transmission of heat while a
fusion-bonding operation is being performed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, subclass 226 for a residual heating device
having a mask, baffle or conductor concentrating heat on or
protecting a section of an article being heated.
Subclass:
60
A bonding device for deforming, and completely joining by
bonding, material at one end of a tube.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
including the securing discrete juxtaposed meeting faces of
work parts or spaced juxtaposed meeting faces of a single
work part by adherence or coherence at the interface of the
juxtaposed areas.
(1) Note. This is the generic locus for the process of
bonding work faces together. In this and the subclasses
indented hereunder, for example, is a process of securing
metal parts together by welding, brazing or soldering, a
process of bonding a metal and a nonmetal surface together,
as well as a process of joining two nonmetal parts when using
a metallic filler.
(2) Note. The process of coating or casting a layer of
material on a base in which the casting or coating joins as
by bonding to the base is not considered to be surface
bonding for this subclass; however, if solidification of the
cast or coated layer is followed by a treatment, e.g.,
rolling or forging, to effect or improve the bond between the
base and the layer, such process, if it is otherwise
eligible, is classified in this and the indented subclasses.
(3) Note. Where the process claimed includes coating either
the meeting face of a metal work part or a nonmetal work part
with a layer of metallic or nonmatellic material and then
uniting the two such faces together by use of nonmetallic
cement or adhesive or by making of a nonmetallic part plastic
and pressing the parts together so that their meeting faces
adhere to each other, the process will be classified with the
art which provides for the method of making the joint, the
coating operation being only a step in preparation for the
uniting operation. See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Relationship to Other Classes, The Class of
Adhesive Bonding, in Class 228.
(4) Note. Faces of parts are considered to be "meeting" for
this and the indented subclasses if they are bonded together,
even if it is through an intermediate filler material and
even if the faces are oppositely bevelled for the reception
of filler material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 527.2, for a process of casting
and/or coating a layer on a base followed by subsequent
treatment of the layer and base, in which the initial casting
or coating step effects the bond between the layer and base
and the subsequent treatment is for purposes other than to
effect or perfect such bond, and see (2) Note above.
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 59.2 for a process of
bonding glass to metal wherein a uniting operation involves a
glassworking operation, e.g., fusing or softening of the
glass; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 60+ for a process for joining parts utilizing a
nonmetallic cement or by making a nonmetallic part tacky or
adhesive by means of an activating agent and causing it to
adhere to another part.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 91+ for a uniting process
involving metal casting.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 114 for a
process of bonding parts together by electro-deposition.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for a miscellaneous process of molding and at the
same time uniting two or more substances.
403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 265+ for a joint
between two members which joint comprises a fusion bond
between the members.
413, Sheet Metal Container Making, subclasses 24+ for a
process of making receptacles and containers including the
closures therefor from sheet metal, which process may include
joining the parts together by a soldering operation.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, subclasses 5+ for a
process of applying one or more layers of particulate metal
to a metal base and heating the assembly so as to sinter the
particulate metal and concurrently bond that layer or layers
to the base.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 939
for a metallic stock material made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including a step of using means for: (a) detecting any of the
following characteristics: a state or property, or the
occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following:
the work, the product of the machine, the environment of the
machine affecting the operation thereof, an external
preplanned information supply, or a time period limiting
means; and (b) initiating (as a direct result of such
detection) a force or impulse other than that generated or
transmitted by the detecting means; and (c) regulating or
modifying (as a direct result of such initiation) the
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
901, Robots, subcollection 2+ for the controlling of a robot
arm, particularly subcollection 10, for the guiding of the
arm by direct contact with the work, and subcollection 42 for
an art collection of welding robots.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
especially to enable an operative to (1) determine the
occurrence or extent of a variation in an operating condition
or (2) observe or determine the location or condition of an
element or material by direct observation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, for structure similar to that of
this subclass, but lacking the step of surface bonding.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclasses 5+ for flaw
determination by thermal testing, absent a step of surface
bonding.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process
including determining a condition of the product, while
making no change therein, if the product is determined to be
good.
(1) Note. A faulty product may be damaged by a test of this
subclass.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process
including observing by use of means which modifies the path
of light rays from that observed to the eye of the observer.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including the use of a flexible member generally adapted to
conform to the surface behind the meeting face of one of the
parts and distribute energy from a power supply to that
surface and cause the meeting faces to be bonded.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including release of a high energy shock wave and causing the
energy released to directly engage the meeting face of one of
the work parts and thereby cause that face to intimately
engage and become united with the corresponding face of the
other work part.
(1) Note. Energy that reaches the part via a gaseous or
liquid medium is considered to directly engage the part as
required by this subclass; however, energy that reaches the
part via a solid element, e.g., an explosively driven ram, is
not considered to directly engage the part.
(2) Note. Included herein is deformation by chemical or
electrical explosion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.5 for apparatus utilized in explosive bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 940
for metallic stock material made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Process wherein
the explosion progresses at a numerically prescribed, claimed
velocity.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Process wherein
the distance that the parts are spaced or their angular
relation prior to the explosion is numerically recited in the
claim.
Subclass:
110.1
Using high frequency vibratory energy (e.g., ultrasonic):
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including subjecting work in the vicinity of the juxtaposed
meeting faces to oscillating force having a cycle frequency
within or above that of audible sound, which oscillation is
for effecting the fusion bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.1 for apparatus for welding by use of means for producing
high frequency vibratory energy.
18 for means causing vibratory motion in either the work or
the applicator for the purpose of cleaning the work or the
applicator.
27 and 28, for a device for causing vibratory motion in an
applicator for the purpose of agitating a melt.
262 for the process of utilizing vibration to distribute
fused filler material in fusion bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 940
for metallic stock material made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 110.1. Process
including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the filler
material to action which brings about a change in the part or
material, either before or after the bonding operation.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be a treatment for this subclass.
Subclass:
111.5
Soldering or liquid phase bonding:
Process under 110.1 comprising fusion bonding by use of
filler material that (a) is made liquid by application of
heat which is insufficient to make the material being bonded
liquid or (b) is liquid before being subjected to vibratory
energy.
Subclass:
112.1
Using dynamic frictional energy (i.e., friction welding):
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
which the bond is effected at least in part by means of heat
generated (a) by the rapid relative motion of the meeting
faces of the parts to be joined, or (b) by the rapid motion
of a separate part contacting and moving relative to one or
more of the work parts to be joined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.1 for apparatus for welding by frictional heat.
234.1 for a process of joining parts involving a particular
manner of applying welding heat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 73.1 for the process of friction welding
nonmetallic elements.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 940
for metallic stock material made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process
wherein energy for effecting bonding is stored in the moving
mass of the work and/or the work-holding portion of the
machine.
(1) Note. Ordinarily weights are clearly shown and claimed
to provide bonding energy.
(2) Note. Motor power means may be disconnected or may
continue to function during bonding.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process
including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the filler
material to action which brings about a change in the part or
material, either before or after the bonding operation.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be a treatment for this subclass.
Subclass:
114.5
By rotating one work surface relative to another about an
axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process
wherein the relative movement comprises rotation of one of
the surfaces about a line passing generally normally
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2.1 for a device for fusion bonding including means for
heating the work by rotating one surface relative to
another.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
which bonding is effected between the meeting faces of
juxtaposed metal parts solely by forcing one meeting face to
contact and bear upon the other without the application of
adhesive, interface solvent or other extraneous agent, and
without the application of external heat or heat generating
material, or the utilization of residual heat from a previous
heating step.
(1) Note. The essence of this subclass is bonding by the
application of pressure in the absence of heat. Patents
recite this phenomenon variously as "cold welding", or "solid
phase bonding" and are classified here if they otherwise come
within the terms of the definition. Further note that these
terms are confused in the art and that the simple naming in
disclosure will not necessarily cause placement in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233.1 for a process of metal fusion bonding at a specific
rate of varying pressure or schedule of distinct pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 940
for metallic stock material made by a process of this
subclass.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Process
including prior to bonding, subjecting the work part(s) to
action which brings about a change in the part.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be a treatment for this subclass.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Process wherein
the forcing action is effected by the action of a roller*
moving relatively to the work part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233.1 for a process of roll bonding at a specific rate of
varying pressure or schedule of varying pressures.
233.3 for a process of roll bonding at a specific rate of
varying temperature or schedule of varying temperatures.
235.1 for a process of bonding by a specific mode of
applying pressure, particularly subclasses 235.2+ for roll
bonding.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which
include, prior to the bonding operation, (1) treating
portions of the work parts so as to prevent bonding, where so
treated; (2) juxtaposing a series of parts, portions of which
are of materials that will not bond; or (3) treating tools to
be used in the bonding operation to prevent adherence of
bonding material thereto.
(1) Note. The bond preventing of this subclass is intended
to prevent uniting of certain areas of the parts at the
temperatures and pressure of the welding operation. Also,
the "materials that will not bond" include those materials
previously treated in the manner of phrase (1).
(2) Note. The bond inhibiting material of this subclass is
of insignificant thickness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for fusion bonding of plural joints with use of spacing
means for holding bonded parts a significant distance apart.
subclasses 215+ for fusion bonding with use of means which
prevents bonding material from flowing to those portions of
the parts where bonding is not desired.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 289 for a laminating process utilizing a bond
inhibiting parting material.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 72+, for a process of coating
a mold surface with an agent to prevent adherence of cast
metal to the mold.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including operation on a previously constructed but damaged
work part(s) to renew, mend, fix or otherwise treat the part
so as to put it into better or usable condition or to the
state of newness as originally manufactured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 402.01 especially 402.18, for a
process of reclaiming, renewing or repairing articles for
reuse by operations other than surface bonding; see the
search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
which one of the parts being secured by fusion bonding is
non-metallic, and which includes securing a metal
intermediate member to the nonmetal work part by means of a
nonbonded interlock, the sole function of the metal part
being to facilitate the joiner of two work parts, and then
bonding an exposed surface of the metal intermediate member
to the second metallic part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 135+ for mechanically joining two metallic parts
in addition to bonding of those parts.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including securing two or more nonmetal parts together by
means of a liquified metallic intermediate bonding material.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, forming a
coating of metallic material on the parts and then soldering,
brazing or deposit welding the coated parts together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a process of mechanically attaching a metallic
bonding layer of lamina to each of two nonmetallic parts, and
then effecting a bond between the metallic laminae with a
molten metallic cement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for bonding metal parts by nonmetallic cement (filler).
427, Coating Processes, for a process of coating metallic
objects with nonmetallic coatings and for coating nonmetallic
articles with metallic coatings.
Subclass:
122.1
Metal to nonmetal with separate metallic filler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including securing a metallic work part to a nonmetallic work
part by means of a liquified metallic intermediate bonding
material.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a process of forming a
surface layer of metallic material on the nonmetallic part
and then bonding that surface to the metallic part if (a)
during bonding the surface layer flows to fill the space
between bonded parts, or (b) additional filler material is
supplied to fill the space between the bonded parts.
(2) Note. For this class, a metal/nonmetal mixture is
considered to be a metal.
(3) Note. Silicon (Si) is considered to be a nonmetal and
germanium (Ge) is considered to be a metal in the manufacture
of a semiconductor. Broadly, a "semiconductor material" is
considered to be a nonmetal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.1 for the manufacture of a semiconductor including
metal-to-metal bonding at plural joints. Also, that subclass
serves as a collecting place for cross-reference of patents
to the manufacture of semiconductors not meeting the
requirements of this subclass.
188 for a method of metallic fusion bonding of plural joints
without use of an intermediate metallic filler.
194 for a method of coating and subsequently diffusion
bonding a workpiece (which may be nonmetallic) to another, if
there is no use of filler material.
262.2 for a method of joining a nonmetal workpiece to
another workpiece without use of a metallic filler.
903 for an art digest of bonding a metal to a nonmetal.
Subclass:
123.1
Semiconductor-type nonmetallic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
wherein the nonmetal part exhibits asymmetrical
voltage-current conduction characteristics due to either: (a)
the presence, in the crystal lattice of constituent material,
of mobile electrons or electron vacancies (i.e., holes) in
the valance shells of atoms of the material; or (b) the
presence of a layer of interface in mutual contact with two
adjacent conductors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.1 for a process of metal fusion bonding including
uniting multiple terminals to a semiconductor device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for
methods of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search
notes thereunder.
Subclass:
124.1
With treating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the filler
material to an action which brings about a change in the part
or material.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be a treatment for this subclass.
Subclass:
124.5
Active or reactive filler component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
comprising use of material intended to effect bonding, which
material serves to (a) chemically engage the molecular
structure of the member being bonded to another member or (b)
be chemically engaged by the molecular structure of another
member.
Subclass:
124.6
Forming hermetic seal (e.g., welding lid to container):
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
intended to completely join two surfaces (i.e., to make an
airtight joint).
Subclass:
124.7
Forming joint of rotary shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
intended to connect the ends of two rodlike members to
produce a member which is to be used to transmit rotary
energy.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process with
modifying the shape or position of material at the interface
of the bonded juxtaposed meeting faces wherein such material
is the result of flow created by the bonding operation.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including enclosing an inner cylindrical part with a separate
co-extensive hollow outer cylindrical part and bonding the
parts to each other along substantially their entire
contacting faces.
(1) Note. The inner cylindrical part may be tubular.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for a process of coiling a web upon itself to form a
tube having two or more thicknesses.
154 for a process of shaping a portion of either or both of
a telescoping tube and an inner rod-like member prior to
bonding of those parts, wherein only a location such as the
end of the tube is joined to the inner member; the sleeve and
the core piece are not co-extensive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 422, for a process of encasing an
article in a container and deforming the end of the container
to confine the article therein. Subclass 455.1, for a
process of encasing a tube or rod with a sheath radially
spaced therefrom. Subclasses 515+, particularly subclasses
517+, for a process of enclosing a tube or rod with a
separate coextensive tubular member and joining them by a
deforming operation.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process
including heating and/or cooling one or more of the parts
being joined to effect relative radial expansion and/or
contraction of the parts and force the parts into close
contact with each other to effect bonding at contacting
area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 447, for a process of distorting
one part by heating or cooling to change a dimension of that
part, and then joining it to another part while so distorted,
e.g., shrink fitting.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process which
in addition to bonding include providing the parts with
mating structural features which restrict relative movement
of the parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 135+ for fusion bonding in general combined with
mechanical joining.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 521, for a process of joining
parts by interlocking mating projections and recesses carried
by opposed faces of the parts.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process
including juxtaposing a substantially flat sheet or ribbon
external part and the inner cylindrical part by folding the
sheet or ribbon part around or otherwise causing it to be
cylindrical and conform to the inner part and encase the
same.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Process in
which the folding or conforming of the sheet or ribbon part
progresses from one end to the other of that part.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process
including inserting the inner cylindrical part into the outer
cylindrical part and bonding the assembled parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 517+, for a process of joining
a core part to a sheath part by deforming the walls of the
sheath inwardly to grip the core without fusion bonding of
the parts. Subclass 523, for a process of joining parts by
expanding an internal tubular part radially outwardly to grip
a surrounding part without fusion bonding of the parts.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Process in
which bonding is effected by means of an intermediate bonding
material, i.e., a filler*.
(1) Note. In the patents of this subclass, the intermediate
bonding material has no structural or functional
characteristics other than those necessary to the bonding
operation.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Process
including assembling a preformed cylinder of bonding material
between the inner and outer cylindrical work parts.
(1) Note. Included herein is placement of a coating of
filler material on the part(s) which solidifies prior to
bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for a miscellaneous process of joining parts by means of
a separate solid preplaced filler interposed between the
parts.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Process
including pouring or distributing fused metallic bonding
material into the space between the assembled inner and outer
cylindrical parts from a receptacle above the assembled
parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 256+ for a miscellaneous process of applying or
distributing fused filler metal in a joint.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which
in addition to securing by fusion bonding includes use of
structural means to restrict movement of the parts, wherein
the structural means remains a part of the product.
(1) Note. The use of structural means of this subclass may
include the interfitting of the work parts or the use of a
separate fastening member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for cladding a cylindrical member with interfitting of
the work parts.
175 for bonding by fusion bonding combined with additionally
bonding by use of adhesive or another fusion operation.
212 for bonding using clamping means which is not intended
to remain as a part of the product.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process wherein
the structural securing comprises stressing the work part(s)
beyond the elastic limit thereof.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Process in
which the use of structural means includes the interfolding
of two or more sheet material edges followed by a pressing or
flattening of the folds so as to mechanically prevent
dislodgement of the edges.
(1) Note. The "interfolding" of the edges of the material
is intended to be such as to prevent all movement of the
edges except axial of the fold(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 and 15+, for apparatus for joining work portions first by
deforming and then by fusion bonding.
150 for forming a one-piece blank into a tube and bonding
the seam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclasses 610+ and 677+ for seam
structures of metallic receptacles.
413, Sheet Metal Container Making, particularly subclasses
27+ for seaming.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process in
which the additional structural means includes a member
straddling the surface bonded joint at the location of said
joint, which member is attached to each of the sheet material
parts being bonded together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for use of a bridging member that is fusion bonded to
the sheets in addition to fusion bonding of the sheets
together.
212 for a process in which a member is attached to the parts
being bonded to hold them relatively positioned during the
bonding operation, which member is not intended to remain as
a part of the bonded assembly.
216 for a process employing a back-up member that spans the
space between the parts to be bonded and retains the molten
filler metal therein but is removed after solidification of
the filler metal.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process wherein
the structural means used includes a part distinct from the
part(s) being bonded together, wherein the distinct part
remains as a component of the assembled product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for clamping means adapted to be removed from the bonded
product.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Process wherein
the distinct structural part includes a helically ribbed
portion adapted to interfit with either one of the parts
being fastened together or with another cooperatively grooved
member to hold together the parts being bonded.
Subclass:
141.1
With shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including in addition to fusion bonding, physically shaping
the parts bonded either before, during, or after the bonding
operation.
(1) Note. "Shaping" of the subclass is intended to describe
the physical act of permanently altering the form,
configuration, dimensions, proportions, or contour of a part
either with or without the removal of material.
(2) Note. Effecting a bonded joint utilizing pressure that
shapes the work parts in the vicinity of the bond is not
considered shaping for this subclass. For example, roll
bonding in which there is substantial reduction of the parts
is not included in this and the indented subclasses unless
there is shaping remote from the bonding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235.2 for roll bonding in which there is significant shaping
of the parts in the vicinity of the bond, but no remote
shaping claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, subclass 35 for a
process of soldering, brazing, or welding combined with the
bending particular to the formation of a chain link.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 196+ for a process of permanently bending or
reshaping or embossing of self-sustaining lamina combined
with lamination by nonmetallurgical bonding.
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 149+ and 602+ for
electrical heating of metal combined with the shaping
thereof.
413, Sheet Metal Container Making subclasses 1+ for a
process of soldering, brazing or welding combined with
shaping of sheet metal parts at other than the areas to be
joined for making particular products, e.g., automobile
radiator making and can making.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process
wherein each of the meeting faces of the separate parts or
portions of the same part are shaped so that the parts are
matched and united upon a line joining the apexes of the
angle of junction of the parts.
(1) Note. Included herein is the making a picture frame
wherein the corners (meeting faces) are beveled at 45 degrees
and then joined. The making of a picture frame where the
corners are formed by parts cut normal to the frame part are
not included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 599
for metallic stock material having a defined corner
configuration.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process
including shaping or distorting a sheet to coil upon itself
at least two convolutions to produce a tube having a wall of
at least two thicknesses of said sheet, and then bonding one
or more extending edge(s) of the sheet to that part of the
body of the sheet juxtaposed thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for a process of progressively forming a sheath around a
core, and bonding the sheath to the core.
subclasses 144+ for a process of forming a tube of single
thickness by bending a web into tubular form and joining the
meeting edges of the web.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process
including shaping or distorting a single part to juxtapose
marginal portions thereof and surface bonding the meeting
faces thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 and 15+, for bonding apparatus combined with shaping
means.
192 for a process of soldering, brazing or welding the
joints of chain links.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, for apparatus for
making chain links which may include bending the link into a
circular shape and securing the juxtaposed ends to form a
link.
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 48+, for metal tube seaming
by deformation.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, subclass 269 for making a
tube from a sheet or web.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process
including bending a long attenuated web into a tubular coil
to juxtapose the faces of opposite side edges along a line
running spirally axially along the tube so formed, and
bonding the resulting seam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.7 from apparatus for forming and edge bonding to form a
helically seamed tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 49+, for metal tube seaming
by deformation.
140, Wireworking, subclass 76 for a process of making
ferrules by winding wire into a helix and soldering the
adjacent convolutions together.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet of Web, subclasses 299+ for
making a helical tube from a sheet or web.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process in
which the shaping of the marginal portions of the part are
juxtaposed progressively from one end of the part to the
other end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 15+ for apparatus for progressively forming and
bonding a one-piece blank to form a tube.
130 for a process of progressively bending a web around a
core and joining the web to the core.
143 for a process of forming a web into a multilayer tube
and joining the resultant seam.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Process wherein
a tubular article is produced that has no defined trailing
end.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Process wherein
the tubular article is formed about a member to permanently
encase that member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for a process of forming a sheath member about a
coextensive core with bonding of the sheath to the core.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process in
which the single part is of constant thickness throughout and
that thickness is relatively thin compared to the lateral
dimension of the part.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Process wherein
the part is formed into an elongated tubular member and the
margins being bonded extend in a plane common to the axis
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.5 for apparatus for forming a seamed tube.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Process wherein
the meeting faces to be bonded extend along the axis of the
formed part and extend from the radially inner surface to the
radially outer surface thereof.
(1) Note. Faces of parts are considered to be "meeting" for
this subclass if they are bonded together even if it is
through an intermediate filler material and even if the faces
are oppositely bevelled for the reception of filler
material.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process wherein
the single part is of varying thickness dimension and is
relatively thick when compared to the lateral dimension
thereof.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process
including shaping a first part to match a meeting face of a
second part which is other than flat, so that the first part
overlaps the second part followed by joining the meeting
faces of the parts.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Process in
which the lapped portion is annular in shape and is caused to
surround at least a portion of the part to which it is
joined.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process in
which the securing together of the meeting faces of work
part(s) is followed by shaping of the part(s).
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process wherein
the shaping is brought about by pulling a work part along its
axial extent through an orifice to apply tensile force to the
part and elongate that part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 274+ for the process of
shaping a metal part by drawing the part through a closed die
without surface bonding.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process
including bonding a first work part to a second work part at
a first point or line, bonding the first work part at a
second point or line to the second work part or to a third
work part, followed by stretching of the first work part.
(1) Note. In this subclass there is deliberate elongation
of a portion of the work part remote from the bonded faces
with no corresponding significant change in the parts at the
bonded faces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 6.1 for cutting of a single work
part at spaced, offset lines and deforming the severed
portions apart from each other.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process wherein
the shaping is brought about by the action of a roller*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235.2 for roll bonding wherein the roller not only serves to
force the meeting faces of the work parts together to effect
surface bonding but also may deform the work in the vicinity
of the bond.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 199+ for rolling to form
metal work in the absence of surface bonding.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process in
which the shaping operation includes separating some of the
substances of the joined parts therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Deforming, subclasses 557+ for a process of
reshaping a one-piece blank by removing material therefrom.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 2+ for etching shape a workpiece in the absence
of metal fusion bonding.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process wherein
the shaping includes the use of a sharp cutting edge to
pierce and sever one portion of the work part(s) from
another.
(1) Note. The severed portion of the part may be scrap or
may be a usable product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, and see the search notes of that class for
cutting of general utility.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Process wherein
the shaping operation produces a void or recession in the
work part(s) such that a cross-section can be taken there
across which will show the void to be completely encircled by
material of the part(s).
(1) Note. The void in the work part(s) may extend all the
way from one side to the other or may extend only part way
therethrough.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Process wherein
the shaping is done by the action of a crystalline cutting
tooth.
(1) Note. The crystalline cutting tooth may be a naturally
formed element or may be artificially formed to be similar to
a naturally formed element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, for shaping by a crystalline tool in the
absence of fusion bonding.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Process wherein
shaping and removal of material is done by heating the work
part(s) beyond the melting point and removing the flowable
material.
(1) Note. Included herein is cutting by use of oxyacetelene
torch.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process in
which one or more of the parts to be joined is subjected to a
shaping operation prior to the joining operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 135+ for a process of surface of fusion bonding
combined with shaping of the parts to effect supplementary
physical joining.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein
the shaping includes the formation of an elongated recess in
the meeting face of at least one of the parts, which recess
is specifically intended for receipt of metallic intermediate
bonding material.
(1) Note. The groove, channel or trough is frequently of V-
or U-shape, and is formed in one of the parts rather than in
the juncture of the parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for a process involving supplementary lock seaming which
may result in formation of a groove.
170 for cutting of a bevel on each of a pair of mating parts
which may be recited as "grooving".
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Process wherein
the parts are joined along their greater generally straight
margins.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Process wherein
generally flat work parts are angularly joined to form the
walls of an elongated chamber.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Process wherein
the meeting faces of the parts engage along a circular line,
as in the bonding of tubular members.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Process
including forming in at least one of the meeting faces a
channel for the reception of filler material, and subsequent
fusion bonding of the meeting faces.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein
the shaping includes the use of a sharp cutting edge to
pierce and sever one portion of the part(s) from another.
(1) Note. The severed portion of the part may be scrap or
may be a usable product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, for severing by a sharp cutting edge without
fusion bonding.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Process wherein
the shaping serves to cause the meeting faces of the parts to
correspondingly meet and fit against each other.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Process wherein
the shaping operation is done by the action of a crystalline
cutting tooth.
(1) Note. The crystalline cutting tooth may be a naturally
formed element or may be artificially formed to be similar to
a naturally formed element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
451, Abrading, for shaping by a crystalline tool in the
absence of fusion bonding.
Subclass:
173.1
By deforming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein
the shaping is done by stressing a part beyond its elastic
limit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for a process of simultaneously shaping and bonding
metal working parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, for deforming of metallic parts in the
absence of fusion bonding.
Subclass:
173.2
Pressing first work part against second work part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process
wherein a first work part is physically urged against a
second work part with sufficient force to cause their mating
surfaces to complement one another by deformation.
Subclass:
173.3
Preforming work faying surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process
wherein a faying surface, i.e., a meeting face of a work part
designed to mate with a meeting face of a second work part,
is altered in shape by deformation thereof to facilitate a
bonding operation.
Subclass:
173.4
Tube or frame member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process
wherein a work part being deformed is a hollow elongated body
whose longitudinal dimension is much greater than its lateral
cross-sectional dimension, i.e., a tube, or therein a work
part being deformed is an elongated element specially
configured to be used as a structural load bearing member,
i.e., a frame member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 897+, for method of making
structural members proper in that class (29). See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, The Classes Including
Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228) for the
classification line between Class 29 and Class 228.
Subclass:
173.5
Rod, bar, or wirelike object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process
wherein a work part being deformed is an elongated body whose
longitudinal dimension is much greater that its lateral
dimension.
Subclass:
173.6
Sheet material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process
wherein a work part being deformed is a metallic body having
one dimension much smaller that its other two.
Subclass:
173.7
Continuously feeding sheet material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.6. Process
wherein the metallic body is fed continuously to means
performing the shaping operation.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein
the shaping includes the formation of an elongated recession
in at least one of the work parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for a similar operation wherein the elongated recession
is for the express purpose of receiving filler material.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including a bonding operation as provided for under that
definition and including another distinct bonding operation
of a different type.
(1) Note. The two bonding operations of this subclass may
both be provided for in this class, e.g., welding plus
brazing or tack welding followed by diffusion welding. Also,
the two bonding operations may include a first bonding
operation of this class type and a second operation of
another class type, e.g., welding and adhesive bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 for fusion bonding combined with mechanical securing.
187 for a first bonding operation between a first pair of
meeting faces and a second bonding operation between a second
pair of meeting faces wherein both operations are of the same
basic type but include the use of fillers that fuse at
different temperatures.
230 for a first bonding operation between a pair of meeting
faces and a second bonding operation between that pair of
meeting faces wherein both operations are of the same basic
type.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
combination with either (1) an operation to perfect the basic
operation of this class or (2) an operation for treating or
working the work part(s) or the filler prior to during
bonding wherein the additional operation is other than that
within this class definition.
(1) Note. Not included in this subclass is fusion bonding
combined with another operation so intimately associated with
the bonding operation as to be generally considered in the
art to be part of the bonding operation when recited in
combination therewith and specifically provided for under
subclass 101 and below this subclass. Specifically,
application of a coating of flux, filler or bond facilitating
metal, cleaning, heating, handling or the application of a
special environment, combined with bonding is provided for
below and is excluded from this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for fusion bonding apparatus combined with apparatus for
performing other operations.
subclasses 103+ for fusion bonding combined with measuring
or testing.
subclasses 135+ for fusion bonding combined with mechanical
joining.
141.1 for fusion bonding combined with shaping.
175 for fusion bonding combined with other securing.
subclasses 199+ for fusion bonding followed by product
treatment, e.g., cooling and cleaning.
subclasses 203+ for treating of work parts or filler
material prior to fusion bonding, e.g., cleaning, application
of a preliminary bond facilitating coating or other chemical
treatment.
subclasses 214+ for bonding and protecting the work part(s)
or filler, e.g., by a getter, protective vapor, vacuum or by
application of flux.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Deforming, subclasses 1.1-25.42, 91+, 592.1 through
623.5 and 825 through 899.1 (subclasses for making "special
articles") for an operation involving fusion bonding and an
additional step peculiar to manufacture of an article, as
provided for therein, subclasses 592+ for combined operations
involving metal fusion bonding and subsequent, unrelated,
additional work treatment, and subclasses 428+, for fusion
bonding combined with bringing work parts together and
orienting the parts prior to bonding.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein
fusion bonding is set forth in a claim as any of multiple
forms thereof, e.g., "welding", "brazing", "sweating",
"soldering", or "diffusion bonding".
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which
includes securing together a plurality of distinct pairs of
meeting faces.
(1) Note. Bonding at several locations between a single
pair of meeting faces (e.g., spot welding along a pair of
overlapped margins or bonding a corrugated panel to a planar
panel in face-to-face relation) is not considered to meet the
requirements of this and the indented subclasses.
Subclass:
179.1
Of electrical device (e.g., semiconductor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process for the
manufacture of product members intended to be used in the
transmission or regulation of electrical energy.
(1) Note. This subclass serves as a collecting place for
cross-references of patents directed to the manufacture of a
semiconductor device even though only a single joint is
formed, except when bonding a metal to a nonmetal with a
metallic filler.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4.5 for means for bonding a terminal(s) to an electrical
device.
123.1 for bonding of a semiconductor device involving
uniting a metal to a nonmetal utilizing a metallic filler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 592.1 for the manufacture of an
electrical device wherein fusion bonding is combined with an
additional operation not incidental to the bonding
operation.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for
methods of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search
notes thereunder.
Subclass:
180.1
Simultaneous bonding of multiple joints (e.g., dip soldering
of printed circuit boards):
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Process
wherein plural distinct meeting faces are caused to be
secured at the same time.
Subclass:
180.21
Component terminal to substrate surface (i.e., nonpenetrating
terminal):
This subclass is indented under subclass 180.1. Process
wherein electrical terminals of a component are bonded to
contact on a face of a substrate wherein the terminals do not
extend into or through the substrate.
Subclass:
180.22
Lead-less (or "bumped") device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180.21. Process
wherein the terminal extends above the surface of the
substrate.
Subclass:
180.5
Wire bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Process of
fusion bonding a small strand member to another member.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process
including securing of parallel coextensive generally
cylindrical cells to an intersecting plate.
(1) Note. Securing of multiple cells to a single plate is
included herein even though the multiple joints may run
together.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process for the
manufacture of individual distinct definite dimension
products*.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 1.1-25.42, 91+, 592.1 through
623.5, and 825 through 899.1 inclusive for the manufacture
of a specified article wherein welding is combined with
another operation that is peculiar to the manufacture of that
article and is not ancillary to the welding operation.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Process used in
the manufacture of articles intended to contain a first
fluent material separate from a second fluent material and
transmit thermal energy from one fluent material to the
other.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Process used in
the manufacture of enclosed chambers to be used for the
storage of fluent material.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which
includes the bonding of a plurality of similar work parts to
a common base work part in a symmetrical or orderly
arrangement.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process in
which there are first and second fusion bonding operations,
the first bonding operation serving to seal the environment
about the meeting faces of the second bonding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for bonding of the class type preceded by another
bonding operation.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process in
which the forming of the plural joints includes the
utilization of different degrees of heat.
(1) Note. The operation of this subclass normally uses
filler materials of differing melting temperatures whereby
the initially formed joints are not disturbed by successive
joining steps which occur at temperatures below the preceding
fusion temperatures.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process in
which one of the work parts is a material other than metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for a process of mechanically attaching a metallic
bonding lamina to a nonmetal base, and then bonding that
metallic bonding lamina to another work part.
122.1 for bonding a nonmetal to a metal, using a metallic
filler.
903 for an art collection of bonding of a metal part to a
nonmetal part.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which
includes placing an independent part (1) to overlap the
meeting faces of the work part(s) being secured then bonding
said independent part to each of the two work parts or (2) to
separate the parts during bonding, wherein the independent
part is intended to remain as a part of the secured
assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a process of using a mechanically secured bridge
member.
213 for a process of using a securing member to hold work
parts, which securing member is intended to be removed from
the bonded assembly.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which
includes assembling a plurality of generally coextensive
laminae, one upon another, and the simultaneous bonding of
the adjacent interfaces thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for the process of fusion bonding using bond inhibiting
separating material of insignificant thickness.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including securing by fusion bonding the meeting faces and
subsequent separating of the faces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for the process of disassembling a fusion bonded joint
in the absence of the step of fusion bonding.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process for
securing by soldering, brazing or welding the meeting faces
of an element making up one of the parts of a chain.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 144+ for forming and uniting the meeting faces
of a one-piece blank other than a chain link.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, subclass 35 for a
process of soldering, brazing or welding chain links combined
with an additional chain making operation such as, for
example bending or forming the links.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 52 for heating and/or
welding in the manufacture of chain having significant
electric heating, as in utilizing the work part(s) as a part
of the electric circuit.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein
the meeting faces are heated to a prescribed temperature
below the melting point and are subjected to intimate
engagement such that the molecules of one face intermix with
those of the other face.
(1) Note. A solid filler material may or may not be used in
the process of this subclass; however, the filler is heated
up to but below its melting point and/or any molten filler
produced during the process must be substantially absorbed by
the work parts to fall within the scope of this subclass.
(2) Note. Most of the patents including a claim proper for
this subclass include specific reference to the time period
of exposure of the meeting faces to heat and pressure; e.g.,
the parts will be subjected to heat and pressure for
approximately half hour.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Process
including use of filler material or other material which
either unites with one or both of the meeting faces or
influences the faces to help bring about bonding
therebetween.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Process wherein
the temperature of the parts is such that there is some
slight melting and flowing at the points of highest pressure
but wherein the melting point has not been reached and
wherein the bonding is of the type relying on the intermix of
the surface molecules of the faces.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
which one self-sustaining work part is joined to another at
their meeting faces by locally heating at least a portion of
the meeting faces to the fusion point of at least one of the
work parts, the fused material joining the parts being
derived solely from the parts.
(1) Note. The joining of two or more parts by use of a
filler material of the same constituency as the work parts is
sometimes designated as an "autogenous" joint but is not so
considered for this subclass.
(2) Note. Only minor melting of the work parts is found in
this subclass so that the work parts substantially retain
their original configuration. Formation of a substantial pool
of liquid at the meeting faces of the work parts will be
found elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for joining of "pre-tinned" or filler coated parts
either with or without the application of additional filler
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclasses 117+ for a process of
bonding with pressure by the use of electrically generated
heat, and subclasses 137 and 148 for a similar process not
utilizing pressure.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Process
utilizing the phenomenon of molecular intermixing of engaged
meeting faces to augment bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 193+ for bonding by molecular intermixing
without melting (other than incipient melting) of the parts.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein
filler material is delivered to the meeting faces in a
different chemical form from that to be used as the final
bonding filler and wherein a reaction is utilized to release
the filler for the desired function.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including, after the bonding operation, subjecting the work
part(s) or of the filler material to action which brings
about a change in the part or material.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be a treatment for this subclass.
(2) Note. The treatment of this subclass is limited to
treatment related to a welding process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for metallic fusion bonding combined with other
operations taking place before or during bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 592+ for combined operations
involving metal fusion bonding and subsequent unrelated
additional work treatment.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Process wherein
the change brought about is a reduction in the thermal level
of the product of the bonding operation and wherein the
change is brought about in a prescribed order or rate or
manner.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Process wherein
the change brought about is removal of the foreign material
from the product.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Process wherein
the foreign material is removed at least in part by a
molecular change in the product or the foreign material.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including, before the bonding operation, subjecting the work
part(s) or the filler material to action which brings about a
change in the part or material.
(1) Note. Positional change or thermal change is not
considered to be treatment for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 81.01 for a process of removing
scale from metal.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process in
which a material which inherently acts to facilitate the
movement of molten filler by capillarity is placed on one or
more of the work parts or in the space between the meeting
faces of the work parts so as to direct filler material to
the joint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for general application of filler to the work parts.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process wherein
the change brought about is removal of the foreign material
from the work parts or from the filler.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process wherein
the foreign material is removed at least in part by a
molecular change in the parts, filler or foreign material.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein
the cleaning includes the application to the meeting faces of
material which assists in the bonding operation by protecting
the parts during bonding or by being involved directly in the
bonding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for the application of flux in a bonding operation
wherein no change in the work parts or the filler is made
prior to bonding.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process
including, prior to securing, coating one or more of the
meeting faces of the work parts with a metal of such nature
as to cooperate with the filler material to facilitate
securing, wherein the coating metal does not melt during
bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 for a process which includes coating a nonmetallic
part with metal and then soldering, brazing, or welding the
coated part to either a metal or a metal coated nonmetal
part.
254 for a process of soldering, brazing or welding in which
the fusible filler material is supplied from a "pre-tinned"
layer or coating on at least one of the parts to be joined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses
615+ for a metallic composite defined in terms of the
composition of its components.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Process wherein
the coating is applied to the meeting face of the work
part(s) by molecular transfer between the coating and the
part.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Process wherein
the coating is attached to the meeting face of the work
part(s) by physically interlocking the part therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 135+ for bonding workpiece with mechanical
interlocking therebetween.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process wherein
the change in the work part(s) or the filler includes a
molecular change.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including use of means temporarily establishing the position
of the work parts for securing by fusion bonding.
(1) Note. Included herein is use of work holders as well as
clamping means carried by the work but securing one work part
relatively to another and moldable material such as plaster
which holds the work temporarily.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for the process of securing work parts which includes
attaching the parts together by a separate fastening means
which is intended to remain as a part of the bonded product.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Process
including specific recitation of removing clamping means from
the product after fusion bonding of the parts together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
212 for holding work parts during bonding by use of plaster
and subsequent removal of the plaster.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a)
including shielding of the filler, a metal part (or component
thereof) or both against detrimental effects prior to,
during, or subsequent to joining or (b) including application
of a substance to the meeting faces or the filler to promote
union of the meeting faces.
(1) Note. A process of protecting metal parts where not
combined with fusion bonding is classified elsewhere in
accordance with the operation performed.
(2) Note. During the bonding operation the flux substance
of clause (b) may protect the work from oxidation, may clean,
or may catalytically enter into the reaction between the
materials being united.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for fusion bonding combined with subsequent treatment of
the bonded joint.
203 for fusion bonding combined with treatment of work or
filler prior to bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 81.01 for a process of removing
scale from metal.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclasses 1-42
for article cleaning including the application of a
liquid.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 588
and 560+ for stock material having as a component metal
particles mixed with a flux.
451, Abrading, subclasses 32+ for a process of abrading
including tumbling and subclasses 36+ for a process of
abrading utilizing a fluent abradant.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process which
includes provision of means other than the shape of the work
parts being joined for confining the flow of fluent filler
material to the vicinity of the bonded joint.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclass 5.5 for a process in which
a base is protected during a coating operation by a
protective coating, and see the search notes therein.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Process in
which the confining means comprises either (1) a body of
sufficiently high melting point or heat conductivity to
establish, with respect to the fused filler contacting it, a
cooled zone, or (2) a body which acts to retain the fused
filler within the space between the meeting faces of the work
part(s).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 127 for a process of casting
employing a "chill". Note that Class 164 takes molding
apparatus and a process of molding where the mold acts to
contain and shape cast metal for producing a casting, whereas
the body, or "chill", of this subclass acts to simply retain
the filler within the joint; i.e., for all practical purposes
the retainer of this subclass acts only as a back-up, the
joining surfaces providing the other retaining surfaces.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein
for bonding the work is isolated within a chamber within
which a solid material having an affinity for undesirable
gas(es) is placed to rid the environment of the bond of such
gas(es).
(1) Note. The gas most commonly gettered is oxygen.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein
normal atmosphere is restricted from the environment of the
bonding operation (1) by replacement with a different gaseous
atmosphere, (2) by placing the work within a chamber and
removing a portion or all gas from that chamber; or, (3) by
engulfing the area about the bond operation with a flame that
serves to consume that portion of the atmosphere considered
undesirable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 709 for processes of
covering the surface of molten metal to prevent contact with
the ambient atmosphere.
148, Metal Treatment, for a process of significant heat
treatment of metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of metal and, also, for using a reactive or
protective atmosphere. See the Class Definition, Metal
casting, metal fusion bonding, machining, working classes, in
Class 148 to determine what constitutes significant heat
treatment. Also, see Class 148 for processes of chemical
heat removing (e.g., flame cutting etc.) or burning (i.e.,
oxidizing) of metal that use a reactive or protective
atmosphere.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Process as set
forth under clause (1) of that definition.
(1) Note. The atmosphere utilized to replace the normal
atmosphere may be held in the area of the bond by an
enclosing vessel or by the action of a directed blast which
serves to expel the normal atmosphere.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Process wherein
the atmosphere replacing the normal atmosphere reacts with
any available oxygen to eliminate that gas as an available
material from the environment, thereby preventing oxidation
of the work or filler.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Process as set
forth under clause (2) of that definition.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein
the work or filler is shielded against excessive heat by
means which absorbs thermal energy therefrom.
(1) Note. Included herein is the use of a heat shield or
heat sink to protect the work remote from the meeting faces
as well as the use of means to protect the meeting faces from
being brought to a damaging temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for cooling of the work after the fusion bonding has
been completed.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process
including application of a substance to the meeting faces of
the work or the filler to promote union of the meeting
faces.
(1) Note. The flux substance of this subclass may protect
the work from oxidation, may clean, or may catalytically
enter into the reaction between the materials being united,
during the bonding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for bonding with the application of flux wherein the
flux is active prior to the bonding operation to modify a
condition of the work or filler. By comparison, the process
of this subclass serves to modify a condition of the work or
filler during or after the bonding operation.
218 for the application of fluxing material in the form of a
gas or vapor, which establishes a protective or reactive
atmosphere about the vicinity of the bond.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 23+ for a fluxing
composition or method of fluxing using a particular fluxing
composition, even when that method is designated to be a
method of soldering, brazing, welding, or fusion bonding.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Process in
which the fluxing substance is incorporated with a affixed to
the filler prior to application of the filler for their
concurrent application to the meeting faces.
(1) Note. The flux of this subclass may be incorporated
with the filler either as a core or as a coating on a filler
wire or rod.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56.1 for a single or plural layer metal article which is
useful as filler material in a metal fusion bonding operation
and which includes metal united or combined with a flux.
223 for a process involving passing the meeting faces
through a supernatant layer of flux on a bath of molten
filler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 145.22, 145.23+ and 146.1+
for weld rods for gas flame (Class 228) or electric arc
(Class 219) use having a flux incorporated therein, and
consult the search notes in that subclass and those indented
thereunder for related art.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock
material product in the form of a rod, bar or layer, with
structure (i.e., shape), or in the form of plural layers not
including a metal-next-to-metal laminate.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including a first application of filler and a subsequent
application of filler to the same meeting faces for bonding.
(1) Note. Included herein is the application of successive
strata of filler one upon the other, as well as successive
depositions on opposite sides or spaced areas of the joint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for plural bonding operations wherein different bonding
techniques are used.
178 for plural bonding operations at different meeting
faces.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process wherein
the filler material of the first application is chemically
different from that of the second application.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including a first application of thermal energy to the work
or to the filler and a second application of thermal energy
to the work or filler to raise the temperature thereof and
thereby effect or influence the bonding of a single joint.
(1) Note. Included herein is the distinct application of
heat to opposite sides of a single workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, particularly subclass 516 for combined
processes of metal fusion bonding and significant heat
treatment of metal to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
property of the metal. See the Class Definition, Metal
casting, metal fusion bonding, machining, working classes, in
Class 148 to determine what constitutes significant heat
treatment.
219, Electric Heating, for the application of electrical
energy passing through the bonded joint to effect heating
thereof.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process
including in addition to the plural applications of thermal
energy, the application of force to cause the meeting faces
to bond together.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process wherein
the first application of thermal energy is applied to the
work and the second independent application of thermal energy
is applied to the filler.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process
including different types of application of thermal energy.
(1) Note. Included herein, for example, is the application
of heat from an electrical resistance element combined with
heating by a torch.
(2) Note. Heating to a first temperature and subsequently
heating to a different temperature is not considered to be
"diverse" for this subclass. Similarly, heating at a first
rate and then at a second rate is not considered to be
diverse.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process wherein
at least one application of thermal energy is made after
bonding has occurred.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process wherein
at least one application of thermal energy is made before
bonding has occurred.
Subclass:
233.1
Specific rate of varying pressure or schedule of distinct
pressures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a)
including applying changing force between the meeting faces
to effect bonding, expressed in a claim in precise, numerical
language with regard to the rate of change; or (b) including
applying a first force between the meeting faces expressed in
a claim in precise, numerical language and subsequently
applying a second, different force thereto, also expressed in
a claim in precise, numerical language.
Subclass:
233.2
Specific rate of varying temperature or schedule of distinct
temperatures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a)
including applying thermal energy to the meeting faces or to
the filler, to raise the thermal level (i.e., temperature)
thereof, expressed in a claim in precise, numerical language
with regard to the rate of change of the temperature or
expressed as the rate of applying thermal energy to the work;
or (b) including establishing a first temperature to the
meeting faces or to the filler expressed in a claim in
precise, numerical language and subsequently establishing a
second, different temperature thereto, also expressed in a
claim in precise, numerical language.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234.1 for bonding by use of critical temperature or heating
when metal fusion bonding; particularly subclasses 235.1+
when combined with application of critical pressure between
the meeting faces.
Subclass:
234.1
Specific mode of heating or applying pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein
a procedure of or an implement for applying thermal energy or
force to the meeting faces of the work is set forth in a
claim.
(1) Note. Cooling is considered to be "applying
temperature."
(2) Note. Heating ancillary to welding in a furnace which
may be disclosed, but NOT claimed, as electrically heated is
included herein.
(3) Note. Heating by engulfing a work in a liquid or by a
"wave" of liquid over a portion of work is included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for welding using an electrical
heating means, particularly subclasses 56+ for wire, rod,
or bar bonding; subclasses 76.1+ for deposition welding;
subclasses 78.01+ for resistance welding; subclasses 121.13+
for welding using an electron beam; subclasses 121.45+ for
plasma welding; subclass 121.63 for welding with a laser;
subclass 129 for brazing or soldering using an arc; and
subclasses 136+ for welding using an arc.
Subclass:
234.2
Vapor phase heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process
including utilizing the latent heat of vaporization of a heat
exchange medium to heat the work or filler material.
(1) Note. Commonly, work to be bonded is placed with filler
in a chamber filled with a normally liquid heat exchange
medium, some of which is in the gaseous state, to transfer
heat to the work and filler material (and liquify some of the
medium) without heating the work above the temperature of
vaporization of the medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234.1 for a similar operation including transfer of heat
from a liquid medium to filler.
Subclass:
234.3
Exothermic reaction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process
including utilization of material placed on or about the
vicinity of the meeting faces, which material is adapted to
burn to supply sufficient heat to effect securing by fusion
bonding.
(1) Note. Included herein is applying pressure by use of a
vacuum, by use of a magnet, isostatically, etc.
Subclass:
235.1
Mode of applying pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process
wherein the procedure of or implement for applying force
between the meeting faces to effect bonding is expressed in a
claim.
(1) Note. Included herein is applying pressure by vacuum,
by magnetic attraction, isostatically, etc.
Subclass:
235.2
Roll bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235.1. Process
including applying bonding pressure by the action of a
roller*.
(1) Note. In this subclass as well as elsewhere in this
class, deforming a work part by a bonding tool simultaneously
with bonding is considered to be incidental to the bonding
and is accordingly classified therewith. Therefore, included
herein is bonding by use of a roller with simultaneous
deforming of the work part(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141.1 particularly subclass 158 indented thereunder for
bonding combined with independent rolling to deform a
workpiece.
Subclass:
235.3
At specific temperature level:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235.2. Process
including claimed numerical thermal level.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in
which unfused filler is caused to melt at an area of contact
with the meeting faces of the work part(s) and is then
progressively advanced toward said meeting faces
simultaneously with the fusion of additional quantities of
filler.
(1) Note. The unfused filler usually is in the form of a
rod or wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56.1 for preformed solder for fusion bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 303+ and subclasses
252+ for a composition of loose metal particles mixed with
particles of a nonmetal, which may be a flux.
219, Electric Heating, subclass 145.1 and 146.1+ for weld
rods, per se, used in either an electric or a nonelectric
welding process.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 588
and 560+ for stock material having as a component metal
particles mixed with a flux.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which
includes locating a quantity of unfused filler on or adjacent
the meeting faces prior to applying fusing heat to the filler
so located.
(1) Note. The placement of filler may occur either before
or after juxtaposing the parts to be joined.
(2) Note. The solid filler as preplaced frequently is
pre-shaped or in the form of a powder to facilitate
placement.
(3) Note. The filler of this subclass may be liquid when
located but will solidify prior to bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 265+ for a fastener
or connector having a supply of fusible material incorporated
therein.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Process wherein
the filler is a solid, preformed article shaped to fit
prescribed work.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Process wherein
the preformed filler is not limited in length by a trailing
end.
Subclass:
248.1
Applied in powdered or particulate form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Process wherein
the filler is in the form of relatively small metal particles
such that the particles can flow into position on the work
similarly to a liquid.
(1) Note. The filler particles of this subclass may be
suspended in a paste or liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 255+ for a
composition of loose metal particles.
Subclass:
248.5
Nonhomogeneous metal filler particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 248.1. Process
wherein the metal particles of the filler are of distinct,
different size, shape, or material.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Process wherein
the filler is placed in position to be between the meeting
faces for securing by fusion bonding.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein
the work parts are generally sheet-like and wherein the
meeting faces to be secured by fusion bonding comprise
directly abutting marginal edge faces.
(1) Note. Included herein is the bonding of adjacent plates
oppositely bevelled for reception of filler material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for butt joining the edges of a one-piece blank.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein
the work parts are generally sheet-like and are secured to
each other at their margins such that their meeting faces
overlap.
(1) Note. This subclass includes securing the edges of work
if there is only slight overlap (e.g., as occurs when the
edges of adjacent plates or sheets are bevelled in the same
direction), just so a portion of one sheet when considered in
cross-section extends beyond a portion of the other sheet.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein
the work parts comprise a pair of superposed sheet-like
members of generally the same surface area which are secured
together by fusion bonding, one directly on top of the other
and wherein the meeting faces comprise virtually all of the
upper surface of the first sheet and virtually all of the
lower surface of the second sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 for a similar operation wherein at least three
superposed sheets are simultaneously secured by fusion
bonding.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process
including securing filler to at least one of the meeting
faces prior to securing by fusion bonding.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Process wherein
filler is secured to a meeting face by metallurgical (fusion)
bonding or by adhesive bonding.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Process wherein
the filler is secured to a meeting face by the structural
shape of the work part, the filler part or by separate
fastening means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 135+ for structurally securing work parts
together.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which
includes contacting the meeting faces with molten filler or
distributing molten filler to the meeting faces.
(1) Note. Included herein is soldering, brazing or welding
in which contact of fused filler with the meeting faces of
the metal parts is effected by scraping, scratching, brushing
or other surface exposure with some instrumentality while the
surfaces are in contact with the fused filler. Aluminum is
soldered or brazed by this process.
(2) Note. This subclass includes joining parts together
while subjecting molten filler to vibration to distribute the
filler.
(3) Note. Included herein is a process in which the meeting
faces are moved relatively to one another while there is
molten filler between them so to better distribute the filler
throughout the joint.
(4) Note. This subclass includes immersing the assembled
meeting faces in a bath of molten filler to effect fusion
bonding as well as immersing a single meeting face in a bath
of molten filler followed by bringing that face with its
still liquid coating of filler to a corresponding meeting
face to effect securing by fusion bonding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for a process using porous or capillary feed material on
or between the meeting faces to facilitate distribution of
the filler throughout the joint.
212 for application of a resilient clamping pressure to urge
the parts together which, as an incident thereto, causes flow
of filler from between the meeting faces as the filler metal
fuses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclasses 100+ for coating means
having a solid self-sustaining member physically in contact
with the previously applied coating, which member works or
otherwise modifies or distributes the coating on the work.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 431+ for the process of
coating articles by immersion in a molten metal bath.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
the molten filler is caused to flow by the action of the
earth's gravity field thereon.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
the molten filler is drawn by surface tension through the
narrow space between the meeting faces of the work parts.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
molten filler is distributed to the meeting faces by either
(1) plunging the previously assembled faces beneath a
generally nonflowing bath of filler or (2) plunging one of
the meeting faces beneath such a pool and then assembling
that face to the corresponding meeting face prior to
solidification of the molten filler coating the first face.
(1) Note. "Dip soldering", is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180.1 for dip soldering plural joints.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
the filler is moved by the action of a pump into engagement
with the meeting faces of the work part(s) as a solid current
either passing unconfined through space or passing along a
confined passage.
(1) Note. "Wave soldering", is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180.1 for simultaneously wave soldering plural joints.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
the molten filler is pressurized and forced through an
orifice to form moving droplets which travel through space
and engage the meeting face(s) of the work.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein
travel of the molten filler is promoted by imparting high
frequency, short duration, to-and-fro motion thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110.1 for fusion bonding wherein high frequency energy
causes adherence of the meeting faces of work parts to each
other or mutually to filler material to effect bonding of the
parts.
Subclass:
262.1
Critical work component, temperature, or pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
including (a) use of specifically claimed work material, (b)
applying force between the meeting faces to effect bonding,
claimed expressly in precise, numerical language, or (c)
applying thermal energy to the meeting faces or to the
filler, claimed expressly in precise, numerical language with
regard to the thermal level (temperature) or the rate of
applying thermal energy.
(1) Note. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr),
germanium (Ge), manganese (Mn), as well as material claimed
as "metal," are materials included in this and the indented
subclasses, in addition to those specifically named in those
titles or definitions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
233.1 for a process of metal fusion bonding including a
specific rate of applying pressure or schedule of distinct
pressures.
233.2 for a process of metal fusion bonding including a
specific rate of applying temperature or schedule of distinct
temperatures.
234.1 for a process of metal fusion bonding including a
specific mode of applying temperature or pressure.
Subclass:
262.2
Nonmetal work component without metallic filler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of
bonding either a nonmetallic material to another material or
a nonmetallic material having a thin metallic coating to
another material.
Subclass:
262.21
Solid state bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.2. Process
wherein, during the bonding process, the filler material
never goes into the vapor or liquid state.
Subclass:
262.3
Nickel or cobalt member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of
bonding a work article, the greatest percentage of which is
nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co), to another or like material.
(1) Note. The work article of this subclass may be
considered to be nickel or cobalt "based."
(2) Note. "Inconel," "Kovar," or "Monel" is considered to
be nickel based.
Subclass:
262.31
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.3. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.4
Ferrous metal member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process for
bonding a work article, the greatest composition percentage
of which is iron (Fe), to another article.
(1) Note. The work article of this subclass may be
considered to be ferrous "based."
(2) Note. The second article may or may not be ferrous.
Subclass:
262.41
Steel member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.4. Process
wherein composition of the iron (Fe) work article comprises
an alloy containing carbon (C), but not more than 1.7%
carbon.
(1) Note. Steel may be comprised of iron and carbon alloyed
with any of many other materials.
Subclass:
262.42
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.41. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.43
And nonferrous metal member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.42. Process
wherein the composition of the other work article is less
than half iron (Fe).
Subclass:
262.44
And nonferrous metal member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.41. Process
wherein the composition of the other work article is less
than half iron (Fe).
Subclass:
262.45
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.4. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.5
Aluminum or magnesium member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of
bonding a work article, the greatest percentage of which is
aluminum (Al) or magnesium (Mg), to another or like
material.
(1) Note. The work article of this subclass may be
considered to be aluminum or magnesium "based."
Subclass:
262.51
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.5. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C) the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.6
Copper or noble metal member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of
bonding a work article, the greatest percentage of which is
copper (Cu) or a noble metal (i.e., a material resistant to
oxidation), to another or like material.
(1) Note. The work article of this subclass may be
considered to be copper or noble metal "based."
(2) Note. In this art, the term "doping" usually describes
diffusion of dopant in a work article. Therefore, in the
absence of specific disclosure otherwise, such disclosure
will not be considered to be "brazing" or "soldering."
(3) Note. Noble metals (precious metals) are considered
inactive or stable, and are usually found in elemental form
in nature. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), and platinum group metals
(i.e., platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium
(Pd), osmium (Os), and iridium (Ir)) are considered to be
"noble" metals.
Subclass:
262.61
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.6. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.7
Refractory metal member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process for
bonding a work article, the greatest percentage of which is a
relatively hard-to-fuse metal, to another or like material.
(1) Note. The work article of this subclass may be
considered to be refractory metal "based."
(2) Note. Refractory metals have the highest melting points
and the lowest vapor pressures of all metals. Hafnium (Hf),
molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb) (also known as columbium (Cb)),
rhenium (Re), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W),
zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), and base alloys of such are
considered to be refractory metals. Other materials may be
refractory metals in certain uses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262.5 for fusion bonding of aluminum (Al) (which in some
ways is similar to a refractory metal); or for fusion bonding
of any of a group of (refractory) metals including aluminum.
Subclass:
262.71
Titanium or zirconium member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.7. Process
wherein the hard-to-fuse metal is titanium (Ti), zirconium
(Zr), or an alloy thereof.
Subclass:
262.72
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.71. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.8
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.7. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
262.9
Brazing or soldering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of
bonding with liquid filler material at temperature less than
the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing"
or "soldering."
(1) Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less
than 840 deg. F (450 deg. C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840 deg. F (450
deg. C) or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually, in
some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2) Note. An operation described as "brazing" or
"soldering" is included in this subclass without limitation
to the specific temperature range. An operation described as
"welding" is included in this subclass only if the disclosure
clearly is within the limits of the subclass definition.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
for separation of meeting faces of work part(s) which faces
were previously bonded together by used metallic filler or
were previously metallurgically bonded directly together.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for similar separation of meeting faces combined with
metallurgical bonding therebetween.
Subclass:
265
With concurrent bonding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process
wherein the work is simultaneously metallurgically fused and
physically shaped.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
901
Art collection of the process for bonding together a
plurality of assembled and juxtaposed galvanic cells.
Subclass:
902
Art collection of the process for bonding by use of flame in
direct contact with the work or filler.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for protection of work parts or filler by use of a
reactive flame.
Subclass:
903
Art collection of the process for uniting a metal part to a
nonmetal work part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122.1 for bonding a metal and nonmetal by use of metallic
intermediate filler.
188 for making of plural metallurgically bonded joints
including a nonmetallic base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for a process of joining utilizing a nonmetallic cement and
see the search notes in the definition to subclass 101 of
this class.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 114 for
process of uniting metal parts to nonmetallic parts by means
of electro-deposition.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, subclasses 10+ for
process of producing articles in a solid or compact state
from particulate material in which some of the particulate
material is metal and some is nonmetal.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for
methods of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search
notes thereunder.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, subclasses 24+ for a method of making a
display or gas panel, subclass 26 for a method of making a
fluorescent lamp, and subclass 27 for a method of making an
incandescent lamp.
Subclass:
904
Art collection of the process peculiar to the uniting of
small, elongated strands.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000