U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 202
DISTILLATION: APPARATUS
Class Definition:
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This class includes all apparatus except as noted herein
below for distillation of either solids or liquids, and
associations of distillation apparatus and other apparatus
adapted to prepare material for distillation. For the
purposes of this classification distillation is defined as
the volatilization of a substance for the purpose of
recovering material from the vapor produced by condensation
or absorption. The product obtained by condensation must be a
liquid. Generally the volatile material separated existed as
a definite chemical entity in the substance, but in the case
of thermolytic distillation it may be formed from other
compounds during and by the heating. The absence from the
claims of means for performing condensation or absorption in
an apparatus patent does not exclude it from this class if it
is disclosed, evident or well known that the apparatus is
designed to be used in connection with such a step.
When all claims are generic and the disclosure indicates that
the apparatus is of wide utility, the patent is classified
here (class 202) and cross-referenced to the classes
disclosed. When the patent includes generic claims and the
disclosure is limited to a class other than Class 202, the
patent is classified in the class disclosed. When a patent
contains generic distillation apparatus claims and species
claims including a Class 202 species, see Lines With Other
Classes, below.
For classification purposes in this class three forms of
distillation are recognized, defined as follows:
Autothermic distillation, in which the distilland, either by
combustion of a portion of itself or by other chemical
change, furnishes at least part of the heat for thermolysis
and volatilization of either the inherent or thermolized
volatile matter.
Separatory distillation, in which the substances separated
pre-exist in the material subjected to distillation, called
herein the distilland, and are recovered usually without
chemical change of composition.
Thermolytic distillation, in which a compound or compounds
found in the distilland undergo chemical decomposition,
thermolysis, and form different chemical compounds, at least
some of which are volatile at the temperature employed, and
can be recovered by condensation or absorption. In this are
included coal, oil shale, peat, and wood distillation when
the latter produces charcoal.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
(A) DISTILLATION PROCESSES
Patents claiming a distillation process and claiming
distillation apparatus of general utility within the purview
of Class 202 are classified in the appropriate distillation
process class and cross-referenced to this Class (202). See
References to Other Classes, below, for processes including a
distillation operation.
(B) DISTILLATION APPARATUS
Patents claiming distillation apparatus of general utility
are classified here unless otherwise provided for.
(1) Class 34, Drying and Gas Vapor Contact With Solids, is
distinguished from Class 202 in that in Class 34 the
combination of means for removing an extraneous liquid from a
solid and means for condensing vapor produced must leave the
solid chemically unchanged. In Class 202 apparatus is
utilized to chemically alter the solid being treated.
(2) Class 48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, takes apparatus
for making heating and illuminating gases. The line between
the apparatus in this class (202) for thermolytic
distillation and the apparatus in Class 48 is that the
apparatus in Class 48 has no solid carbonaceous material left
in the material acted upon.
(3) Class 62, Refrigeration, takes apparatus for vaporizing a
liquid mixture having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure
below 0 deg.C. (32 deg.F.) and condensing the vapor except as
otherwise provided in the Class Definition of Class 62. When
a patent contains claims to Class 62 apparatus and Class 202
apparatus, the patent is classified in Class 62 and
cross-referenced to Class 202.
(4) Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, takes
processes and apparatus for contacting solids with liquids
for cleaning or any purpose not provided for in other
classes. The combination of means for contacting a solid with
a liquid and means for distilling the liquid is in Class 134.
The subcombination of distilling apparatus of general utility
is classified here (202).
(5) Class 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
takes processes for fermentation including a distillation
operation and apparatus that is peculiar to, or specialized
and designed for use in, processes classified in Class 435.
(6) Class 196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, takes all patents
drawn to apparatus for distilling mineral oil. When a patent
contains claims to apparatus for distilling mineral oil and
claims to apparatus for distilling within the purview of
Class 202, the patent is classified in Class 202 and
cross-referenced to Class 196.
(7) Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, takes apparatus for
heating metalliferous material combined with means for
condensing the vapor. The line between Class 202 and Class
266 is that Class 266 takes apparatus for distilling metals,
such as mercury and zinc, from their ores.
(8) Class 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or
Containment, is noted at appropriate subclasses for the use
of apparatus in the destruction of hazardous or toxic waste.
C. EVAPORATING APPARATUS
Apparatus designed to heat material to remove vapor therefrom
without condensing at least a portion of the vapor is
excluded from Class 202. Some classes which provide for
apparatus including means for concentrating or evaporating
without necessarily including condensing means are listed in
References to Other Classes, below.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for processes including a
distillation operation.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 73, for
apparatus for separating liquids from solids combined with
means to condense vapors, subclasses 108+, for apparatus
including a hollow drum rotating about an axis and subclasses
201+, for apparatus including a kiln; also see appropriate
subclasses for processes including a distillation operation.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
apparatus including means for concentrating or evaporating
without necessarily including condensing means
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 629 for an apparatus for
making or treating a fuel composition.
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 61, for gas generators and
subclasses 119+, for retorts for gasifying materials by
heat.
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for apparatus including
means for concentrating or evaporating without necessarily
including condensing means
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus peculiar to removing heat from a substance.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses, for a
process of reducing an ore to the metallic state or refining
molten metal involving distillation or for a sublimation
process.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation. See particularly 155 for degasifying means for
liquid.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 275, for apparatus for
preparing beverages.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, for apparatus including
means for concentrating or evaporating without necessarily
including condensing means
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses, for a coating composition which may be applied to
surfaces of the distillation apparatus or utilized for making
apparatus of a particular composition.
110, Furnaces, subclass 235, for a device for burning garbage
or sewage, subclass 229, for a furnace having a special
repository for fuel for eliminating the combustible gases and
burning them before the coked fuel is fed to the fire and
subclasses 101+, for a device for feeding fuel to a furnace.
Under Class 110, Class Definition, Search Class, see Class
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, and for lines among these
classes.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, for apparatus and methods
for heating liquids, generating vapors from liquids, treating
the vapors generated and conserving the heat remaining in the
liquid or vapor after part of the heat has been used. See
particularly subclass 66, for devices containing a water
cooled coking chamber for fuel.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, 3, for apparatus for
extracting carbohydrates from solid material and subclass 16,
for apparatus for evaporation to crystallization of sugar
solutions.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, for apparatus
including means for concentrating or evaporating without
necessarily including condensing means
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids, appropriate
subclasses for processes including a distillation operation.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for apparatus
including means for concentrating or evaporating without
necessarily including condensing means
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for apparatus and processes
not more specifically provided for elsewhere, peculiar to the
concentration of solids held in solution or suspension by
evaporation of the liquid containing them. See particularly
subclass 2.1, for a flash evaporator, subclasses 3+, for a
spray evaporator and subclasses 5+, for a film type
evaporator.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for apparatus including means
for concentrating or evaporating without necessarily
including condensing means
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for heat exchange
devices, including surface condensers, per se.
201, Distillation: Processes. Thermolytic, appropriate
subclasses for processes including a distillation operation.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, appropriate
subclasses for processes including a distillation operation.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, appropriate
subclasses for processes including a distillation operation.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for purifying or separating any
liquid by (1) filtration (2) sorption or ionic exchange, (3)
liquid-liquid extraction, (4) destruction or conversion of a
constituent thereof.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus adapted to produce an intimate
contact between gases and liquids and see (2) Note under the
class definition.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for
furnaces limited to the treatment of metals or metalliferous
materials, particularly 148, for apparatus for vaporizing
metals and collecting the vapor.
366, Agitating, 219 for apparatus for agitating a liquid or
a particulate material by motion of the container, and
subclasses 241+ for a fixed container with movable stirring
apparatus, particularly subclasses 262+ for pump type
stirrers.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for
conveying solid material in a current of air or other gas.
414, Material or Article Handling, 147 for a chamber of a
type utilized for a heating function and means for moving
material to, into, within, out of, or from the chamber; also
subclasses 586+ for a subcombination of subclasses 147+
subject matter.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 305 for
apparatus for generating fumes.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for concentrating or
evaporating without necessarily including condensing means
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 11, for processes of preparing alcoholic beverages
including distillation.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
appropriate subclasses for processes including a distillation
operation.
GLOSSARY:
CHAR
The generic term applied to the carbonaceous residue from a
thermolytic distillation of any carbonaceous material. It
encompasses such terms as bone black, charcoal and coke.
COKE
Strictly this is the amorphous, solid residue of coal after
the volatile material has been distilled off in a thermolytic
distillation. The term is also applied in the art to the
solid, carbonaceous residue from the thermolytic distillation
of such materials as oil shale, petroleum and pitch.
CONDENSATE
See distillate in the Class Definition.
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
See thermolytic distillation.
DISTILLAND
The material which is undergoing a distillation operation.
DISTILLATE
The liquid product condensed from vapor during the
distillation operation.
EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION
A separatory distillation in which a generally less volatile
substance, often referred to as a solvent, is added to the
distillation column to preferentially remove some components
of the vapor by dissolving it. The added substance and the
dissolved component are removed below the point at which the
less volatile substance is added to the distillation column.
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
A separatory distillation operation in which distillate is
collected over specific temperature intervals.
SUBLIMATION
A process in which a solid passes into the vapor state
without liquefaction and the vapor returns to the solid state
without passing through the liquid phase.
EVAPORATION
The process of changing a solid or liquid into a vapor. This
is the generic term for both sublimation and vaporization. It
differs from "distillation" in that distillation includes the
additional step of condensing vapor produced to a liquid.
VAPORIZATION
The process of changing a liquid into a vapor. See
"Evaporation".
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
81
Apparatus and devices relating to the art of distillation not
provided for in the subclasses below.
(1) Note. For heating see Search Notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus involving compressing, cooling and expanding a
fluid.
110, Furnaces, for furnaces.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, for boilers.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, for heating.
137, Fluid Handling, for fluid handling apparatus.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for evaporators.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclass, for a process of thermolytically carbonizing a
solid carbonaceous material.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, appropriate
subclass, for a process of separatory distillation.
219, Electric Heating, for heating.
432, Heating, for heating.
Subclass:
82
Combinations and associations of apparatus not provided for
in the subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
83
Groupings of distilling apparatus mounted for moving from
place to place as an entirety. This also includes patents
claiming movable heating elements used in connection with
distilling apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for a kiln structure designed to be moved from place to
place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 241 for a portable incinerator.
Subclass:
84
Systems of apparatus including kilns, retorts, or chambers in
which the distilland is subjected to both separatory and
thermolytic distillation. The two species of distillation may
occur simultaneously in separate chambers or successively in
a single chamber.
Subclass:
85
Associations of kilns, retorts, and/or chambers, in which
thermolytic distillation occurs, part of the necessary heat
being supplied by the combustion (or chemical change) of the
distilland.
Subclass:
86
Assemblies of retorts in which material is distilled by
externally-applied heat, and chambers or kilns in which
material is distilled by combustion or a portion thereof. The
retorts may be heated by other means or by the heat carried
by the distillate from the kiln.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76, 77 and 78,
and indented subclasses.
110, Furnaces, subclass 242, for a closed retort for
incinerating garbage.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a process
in which at least a part of the original material is burned.
Subclass:
87
The retort is heated by combustion of the gases from the
kiln, which latter may be a producer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76, 77 and 78,
and indented subclasses.
Subclass:
88
Assemblies of kiln and chamber. The distillation gases and/or
products of combustion from the kiln pass through the chamber
in direct contact with its contents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76 and 203.
Subclass:
89
The kiln and chamber are identical in construction and may
interchange functions.
Subclass:
90
The chamber in which distillation is performed by the direct
action of the heated gas is also heated externally,
frequently by combustion of a part of the gas coming from the
kiln.
Subclass:
91
Systems in which the kilns or chambers in which the
destructive distillation occurs are heated by chemical change
(as combustion) of the distilland itself.
Subclass:
92
The distilland is placed in a structure without a top or is
piled upon the ground or upon a platform and heated by means
of the combustion of a part or its substance.
Subclass:
93
The kiln is closed and partial combustion of its contents
furnishes the heat to distill the remainder. This is the
broad subclass for the beehive ovens.
Subclass:
94
The kiln is closed, and a steam generator of some form is
associated in the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 7.
Subclass:
95
A device for cooling the residue either by a liquid or a
fluid or by preservation from air is associated with the
system. The residue may be cooled within the kiln or after
withdrawal therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for quenching apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 39, for a
thermolytic distillation process directed to cooling the
residue by quenching with an inert medium.
Subclass:
96
Thermolytic systems in which thermolytic distillation occurs,
not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder.
(1) Note. Apparatus for treating the vapor or condensate
from thermolysis, unless provided for in the subclasses
indented hereunder, is found in this class, subclasses 182
and 202 and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 235, for furnaces for incinerating garbage.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclass for a process of carbonizing solid carbonaceous
material.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 390, 391
and 400-435, for a process of recovering mineral oils from
solid natural material not otherwise classified.
Subclass:
97
Horizontal chambers having one end closed, the other
closable, and heated either directly or indirectly, into
which a receptacle containing a distilland may be run and
withdrawn.
Subclass:
98
The stall is openable and closable at both ends and not
necessarily horizontal, and the receptacles are introduced at
one end and withdrawn at the other. Heated directly or
indirectly.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, 121, for a residual material heating furnace
having means by which work is progressed or moved
mechanically.
Subclass:
99
A chamber equipped with means introducing heat into its
interior in direct contact with the distilland, either by
means of heated solids or heated gaseous fluids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76 and 203.
432, Heating, subclass 41, for a residual material heating
furnace in which the material is heated by contact with
combustion products.
Subclass:
100
The directly heated chamber is arranged to be rotated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 136, 216, and 218, for a rotary retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass
108, for a rotating hollow receptacle through which the
material to be treated is carried and see (8) Note thereunder
for related fields of search.
110, Furnaces, subclass 246 for a rotary drum incinerator.
432, Heating, 105, for a residual rotary drum tumbler type
furnace in which combustion products directly contact the
material being heated.
Subclass:
101
The distilling chamber has the form of the beehive oven, but
is heated from the outside through walls or floor, or both.
Subclass:
102
The distilling chamber is heated from the bottom. Heating
flues in the lower portion of the side walls if auxiliary in
function do not exclude from this subclass. The chamber may
have means also for the introduction of gas or vapor to
assist the distillation or react with the distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124 for a chamber having flues, subclasses 138+ and 220, for
a retort having flues also subclasses 121, 129, and 134, for
a retort with fluid injection means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 31 and
38+, for a carbonization process in which fluid is passed
into the carbonizing zone.
Subclass:
103
The hearth has means for moving the distilland over and off
its surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, 153, for a residual heating apparatus in which
the work is pushed across a heating surface.
Subclass:
104
The hearths lie in a vertical series.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, subclass 132, for a residual material heating
apparatus in which the material is moved across vertically
spaced heated shelves and drops from shelf to shelf.
Subclass:
105
Closed vessels of metal, clay, brick, or other material
designed to contain the distilland and with means for
external heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating.
110, Furnaces, subclass 242 for a closed retort
incinerator.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 148 especially subclass 153,
for externally heated ore containing vessels combined with
vapor condensing structure.
432, Heating, 120, for a residual material heating chamber
having heating means.
Subclass:
106
The distilling vessel is heated from the outside and has
associated with it, so as to be heated by the products of the
combustion which heat the retort, or by other sources of
waste heat, means for generation of steam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 7.
Subclass:
107
The system contains a chamber in which the distilland is
treated with a liquid which frees the material to be
distilled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 and indented subclass.
Subclass:
108
The retort is also heated internally by direct contact of its
contents with a heating medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 10, for a
thermolytic distillation process including the step of
heating the retort internally by direct contact with a
heating medium and subclasses 36+ for passing an extraneous
gas through the carbonizing zone.
Subclass:
109
The volatile matter distilled off is moved in a closed
circuit through the retort, with or without intermediate
purification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 28, for a process
of thermolytic distillation including removing, treating and
recycling a product and subclass 43, for a digest of heating
by cyclically circulating a hot, extraneous, inert gas.
Subclass:
110
The retort system is provided with means for maintaining the
distilland under pressure during distillation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 35, for a
thermolytic distillation process in which the carbonizing
zone is under pneumatic pressure.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 73 and 91+, for a
separatory distillation process under pressure.
Subclass:
111
The retort system has both double and single surface air
and/or gas heaters heated by the heat carried off by the
products of combustion. The double-surface heaters are in
this class called recuperators, the single surface,
regenerators.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 123, 130, 132, 140, 141, and indented subclasses, 146 and
148.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange, and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
112
The distillate is passed through tubes or chambers in which
it is subjected to high temperature in order to crack the
higher boiling portions thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 93, 94, 109, 110,
and 112, and indented subclasses.
Subclass:
113
A plurality of retorts are associated. The arrangement may be
either series or parallel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 208 and 295+, for a plurality of
interconnected furnaces.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 26, for a
thermolytic distillation process of carbonizing a plurality
of charges in series or parallel.
Subclass:
114
A plurality of retorts arranged to be heated by a single
furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
432, Heating, 207, for a residual material heating apparatus
including a plurality of structurally related retorts.
Subclass:
115
The retorts are arranged in a closed chain which is not
necessarily circular.
Subclass:
116
The retorts are arranged in cooperating pairs of vertical and
inclined or horizontal units.
Subclass:
117
The retort has means for moving the distilland through it. It
may be fed at top or bottom or end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for distillation apparatus so arranged that the
distilland passes through it in a vertical direction and
subclass 136, for a horizontal retort having a rotary
motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 186, 227+, 255+, and 267+ for refuse
incinerators or solid fuel furnaces provided with conveying
means.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclass, for
conveying means.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 32, for a
thermolytic distillation process in which the distilland
passes through the retort.
432, Heating, 121, for a residual work heating chamber having
heating means and means by which the work is progressed or
moved mechanically.
Subclass:
118
The conveying means comprises one or more screws.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 476.1, 513, 548,
550.6, 550.10, 582, 608, 611, 625, and 657+, for screw
conveying means.
Subclass:
119
The conveyor is reciprocating and may be a reciprocating
floor or plunger.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 109 and 114.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 602, 614, 736+, and
750 for a reciprocating conveyor.
Subclass:
120
The retort is so arranged that the distilland passes through
it in a vertical direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 34, for a
thermolytic distillation process of a gravitating bed type.
Subclass:
121
Means are provided for injection of fluid, including oil,
into the retort before or after or during the distillation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 129, 134, and 149.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 63, 75, 78+, 93, 94, 95,
102+, 108+, and 111+.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 31, for a
process utilizing a fluidized bed and subclasses 36+, for a
thermolytic distillation process including passing an
extraneous gas through the carbonizing zone.
Subclass:
122
The retorts are vertical, and the air and/or gas for
combustion is heated by the waste products of combustion
through double surface heaters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
123
The retorts are vertical, and the air and/or gas for
combustion is heated by the waste products of combustion
through single surface heaters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
124
The vertical retorts are inclosed in a chamber through which
the heating gases pass. The chamber may have baffles to
control the direction of flow of the gas.
Subclass:
125
The heating chamber is divided into vertical flues, alternate
ones of which carry flames and products of combustion in
opposite directions.
Subclass:
126
The heating chamber is divided into flues which are in the
vertical position, the flames or heating gases passing in
either direction.
Subclass:
127
The flues carry the products of combustion or heating gases
around the retort.
Subclass:
128
The retorts are inclined and may pass through a heating
chamber, with or without flues.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
Subclass:
129
The inclined retort has provisions for injection of fluid
into the distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 121, 134, and 149.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 36, for a
thermolytic distillation process including passing an
extraneous gas through the carbonizing zone.
Subclass:
130
The retorts are inclined and associated with single or double
surface air and/or gas heaters which are heated by the waste
products of combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 122, 123, 132, 140, 141, and indented subclasses 146 and
148.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15 for a
carbonizing process including indirectly heating the
carbonaceous material by burning a product of the carbonizing
step and subclass 37 for a carbonizing process in which
combustion gases are passed into the retort.
Subclass:
131
The retort is arranged to rotate around its longer axis, and
thus carry the distilland forward. It may have spiral vanes
or other means to assist the movement of the distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for a thermolytic distillation system including rotary
horizontal retort, subclass 216, for a rotary directly heated
chamber and subclass 218, for a rotary thermolytic retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 108, for a
receptacle rotating about an axis through which receptacle
the material being treated is carried.
110, Furnaces, subclass 246 for a rotary drum incinerator
for carbonizing and burning garbage.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 32, for a
thermolytic distillation process in which the distilland
moves through the apparatus.
366, Agitating, 219 for movably mounted mixing chamber of
general utility.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 84 and
85+ for a rotating electric arc furnace and subclasses 115
and 116, for a rotating electric resistance furnace.
432, Heating, 103, for a residual tumbler type rotary drum
furnace.
Subclass:
132
The retorts are of the well-known gas-bench retort form and
placed in inclined position within the ordinary gas retort
furnace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
133
The retort or retorts are so arranged that the distilland
passes through them in a horizontal direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
Subclass:
134
The retorts have provisions for injection of fluid, either to
react with the distillate or for convective separation of the
distillate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 36, for a
thermolytic distillation process including injecting a fluid
into the carbonizing zone.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 49, for a
process of convective distillation.
Subclass:
135
At least one of the fluids necessary for combustion in the
heating chamber or flues is admitted at separate points in
the path of the flame to lengthen the flame or to preserve a
regulated temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 and 109.
Subclass:
136
The horizontal retort has a rotary motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for a thermolytic distillation system including a rotary
inclined retort, subclass 216, for a rotary directly heated
chamber and subclass 218, for a rotary thermolytic retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 108, for a
hollow drum rotating about an axis through which the material
to be treated is carried.
366, Agitating, 219 for movably mounted mixing chamber of
general utility.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 84 and
85+, for a rotating electric arc furnace and subclasses 115
and 116, for a rotating electric resistance furnace.
Subclass:
137
The retorts, either singly or in groups, are inclosed in a
chamber in which combustion takes place to heat them.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135
Subclass:
138
The retort is heated by combustion in flues.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, 135.1, for a boiler
having one or more fire tubes or flues wholly or partly
surrounded by the water space.
Subclass:
139
The flues are vertical.
Subclass:
140
The products of combustion as they leave the system heat the
air and/or gas in double-surface heaters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
141
The system contains chambers usually filled with refractory
material checkerwork through which hot products pass to the
flues in alternating periods, whereby the incoming
combustible material is heated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus
coming, in which the currents of combustible material and
those of air and/or gas are periodically reversed and the
latter heated. If rich gas is used, the heating of gas may be
omitted. There may be dilution of rich gas fuel with
nitrogen, air, or products of combustion.
Subclass:
143
The flues may be in distinct groups which may lie either
along or across the heating wall in which they are contained
or across the retort, the flame ascending in the flues of one
group and descending in those of another group, all the flues
in which the flame ascends in one wall or section of a wall
being in connection with one regenerator or regenerator
group, and the flues in which the flame descends connected
with another regenerator or regenerator group, these
regenerators being at right angles to the system and reversal
taking place along the system.
Subclass:
144
The regenerators may be in groups and stand parallel or
transverse to the axis of the system, but in either case
their reversal occurs across that axis.
Subclass:
145
The heating flues are horizontal.
Subclass:
146
The air and/or gas for combustion is heated by the waste
products of combustion by means of single-surface heaters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 13, for a
thermolytic distillation process including the step of
heating the combustion gas or air by indirect heat exchange
with the products of the carbonizing step.
Subclass:
147
The retorts are of the well-known gas-retort forms and
inclosed in the ordinary gas-bench furnace structure.
Subclass:
148
The system is provided with means for heating the gas and/or
air for combustion by the waste products of combustion
through double surface heaters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 122, 130, 140, and 141.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 230 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
coking means.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 15, for a
carbonizing process including burning a product of the
carbonizing step and recovering heat from a product by
indirect heat exchange and subclass 37, for a process in
which externally produced combustion gases are passed through
the retort.
Subclass:
149
Provisions are made for injection of fluid into the retort.
Subclass:
150
The retort has means for preheating the distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 134, for apparatus for
vaporizing mineral oils including means for heat recovery
from the vapor or residuum.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 13, for a
thermolytic distillation process including recovering heat
from a product by indirect heat exchange.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 21, for a
separatory distillation process including recovering heat by
indirect heat exchange.
Subclass:
151
Devices for controlling the flow of fuel gases and waste
gases. Burners, dampers, gas and air pipes, and reversing
valves when claimed in combination with the ovens are
classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 285, and appropriate
indented subclasses, for specific dampers and operating
devices.
137, Fluid Handling, for fluid handling in general including
flow control, e.g., for air or gas.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, for damper and valve
structure, per se.
431, Combustion, appropriate subclass for residual apparatus
specialized to combustion.
Subclass:
152
Systems and parts of apparatus directed to separation of
substances preexisting in the distilland where not provided
for in subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, 98, for apparatus for treating
mineral oils including vaporizing and condensing means and
subclasses 104+, for apparatus including vaporizing means.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, appropriate
subclass, for a separatory distillation process.
Subclass:
153
Associations of still and fractionating column, either as
separate or integral structures.
(1) Note. A still is defined for purposes of this class as a
vessel having a tube leading therefrom for the purpose of
carrying vapors generated within it to a condenser or a
vessel adapted and designed and used in connection with a
condenser, which latter is not necessarily shown or claimed.
The vessel is to be heated only to a temperature below that
which would produce chemical change in the distilland. For
definition of "column" see subclass 158 below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 100, for a mineral oil
distilling system including a fractionating column and
subclass 139, for a condensing apparatus including a
fractionating column.
Subclass:
154
Systems embracing a plurality of fractionating columns with a
single still or a plurality of stills.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 71, for a
distillation process including a plurality of vaporization
and condensation steps.
Subclass:
155
A plurality of stills associated with a fractionating
column.
Subclass:
156
The plurality of stills are so related that each delivers its
vapor direct to the column or columns. The stills may be used
alternatively as single stills or in groups.
Subclass:
158
A system of separatory distillation apparatus comprising a
device arranged to conduct a liquid and a vapor derived
therefrom by distillation in counter-current direct contact.
At any plane in the column the liquid has a greater
concentration of low-boiling substances and the vapor of
high-boiling ones than that necessary to maintain equilibrium
as to these substances between the vapor and liquid passing
that plane, whereby the liquid becomes progressively richer
as to high-boiling substances and the vapor as to low-boiling
ones. The column, per se, is a gas and liquid contact
apparatus and is only classed herein when heating and/or
cooling elements are recited in the claims.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 100, 105 and 139.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 75 for specific
contact elements or structures, and subclass 148 for columns
with heating or cooling means for the trays.
Subclass:
159
The distilland entering the system is passed through a device
in which it is heated previous to admission. The heat may be
derived from an extraneous source or from exchange with the
outgoing hot waste liquor (slop), or from condensation of the
vapors, or from both the latter sources.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 and 177+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 100, 134 and 139.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 22, for a
distillation process in which the feed is preheated by
indirect recovery of heat.
Subclass:
160
The column is provided with means for controlling its
temperature or pressure automatically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 183, 184, and 206.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 700, for a device for the direct
measurement of pressure.
137, Fluid Handling, 505, for a device for regulating the
pressure of a fluid in a line.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 132 and 141.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 2, for a
distillation process including the step of measuring the
temperature.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
24.5 and 32.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 160 for
electrical systems not otherwise classified and see "SEARCH
CLASS" under the class definition for various types of
electrical systems.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for a device for
quantitatively determining temperature.
Subclass:
161
The final condensate is divided into two portions, one of
which returns to the column, the other being withdrawn either
as a finished product or to be conducted to some other part
of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 99.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 75 and
82, for a plural distillation process including returning a
part of the condensate to a prior distillation zone and
subclasses 93, 94, 97, and 98, for a single distillation
process in which part of the condensate is returned to the
distillation zone.
Subclass:
162
The vapors may be passed around the dephlegmator, the column,
or a like element of the vapor system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 63.
Subclass:
163
Miscellaneous organizations and parts of a separatory
distilling system not provided for below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 22, and appropriate
indented subclasses.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 105.
Subclass:
164
Special arrangements and devices in apparatus for recovering
residues and waste from barrels, casks, and other containers
by vaporization.
Subclass:
165
Associations of still and stove. The connection may be by way
of a water back.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 34 and 35 for a cooking
stove having a water back, subclasses 53 and 54 for a fluid
fueled cooking stove having a water back, subclasses 364.1
for a liquid heater and stovepipe, or subclasses 513 and 514
for a fireplace with a liquid heater.
Subclass:
166
Associations of still and stand boiler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclasses 13.01-19.2
for a stand boiler (e.g., water heater, etc.) that provides
hot water for domestic or household use (e.g., cooking,
cleaning, washing, bathing, space heating, etc.) that may be
in other than a house or home (e.g., apartment building,
office building, restaurant, laundry, recreational vehicle,
etc.).
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclasses 361.1-363.1 for a
boiler receiving hot liquid or steam from a stove or furnace
(e.g., kitchen boiler, range boiler, etc.).
Subclass:
167
Associations of still and means for heating the water to be
fed to a steam boiler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 441 and 442.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 13, for a
thermolytic distillation process in which heat in the process
is recovered by indirect heat exchange.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 21, for a
separatory distillation process in which heat in the process
is recovered by indirect heat exchange and subclasses 10+,
for a distillation process of purifying water.
Subclass:
168
Associations of a still and a vessel in which a substance is
removed from material by a solvent. The extract is then run
into the still and distilled. Either the solvent or substance
dissolved, or both, may be volatile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 and 170.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclass, for the separation of a liquid from a solid.
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 10, for plant source extraction
of rosin or turpentine.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, 3, for apparatus for
leaching sacchariferous material.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 14.52.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 311.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 255 for extracting
apparatus.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus
coming for continuously extracting and distilling. A
condenser frequently returns its condensate upon the material
within the extractor at short intervals, which condensate is
a solvent of the material to be extracted, and passes it
through to the still. Final separation of the solvent and
volatile is usually in the same still assembly.
Subclass:
170
Devices in which extraction and separation by distilling
occur in the same vessel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, subclass 11,
for a cleaning process including the step exposing the work
to a gaseous or vapor treating agent.
Subclass:
172
The system includes more than one still with or without
individual condensers and arranged to be used either in
parallel or to be used alternately.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 105.
Subclass:
173
A plurality of stills so connected that either the vapor or
the residue of one flows into the other.
(1) Note. When the vapor flows from one still to another in
this subclass, it enters into the still itself, and is not
simply carried through in pipes, which structure is found in
the next subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 106.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 71, for a
separatory distillation process in which the vapor or residue
of a distillation operation is the distilland in a subsequent
distillation operation.
Subclass:
174
The vapor from one still is carried through the distilland of
another in heat-interchange relation, but not in direct
contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 17.1.
201, Distillation: Processes Thermolytic, 14, for a process
directed to using a conversion product as an indirect source
of heat to heat the carbonaceous material.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 25, for a process
in which the distillation zone is indirectly heated by
recovered waste heat.
Subclass:
175
Means are provided for setting the distilland in motion
within the still as a part of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 6.1, 16.1+ and 25.1+.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 123, 124 and 125.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 72 and
89, for a filming distillation process in which the film is
agitated.
366, Agitating, appropriate subclass for agitators in
general, particularly 241 for movable stirrers.
Subclass:
176
Systems provided with means for treating the distilland
before or during distillation. This may include filtering,
decanting, aeration, preheating, or other treatment of the
distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 159 and 168+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 277.1 and
277.2.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclass for a process directed to treating a solid,
carbonaceous distilland before or during distillation.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, appropriate
subclass for a distillation process directed to treating a
distilland before or during distillation, particularly 28
for a process including a chemical reaction, subclasses 39+
for a process including a disparate physical separation step
and subclasses 50+, for a process including adding a
substance to alter the relative volatility of the components
of the distilland.
Subclass:
177
Systems coming under the preceding subclass in which the
distilland is preheated. The preheating may be with agitation
and by the distilling residue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 134.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 14 and 32+, for a
process directed to preheating a solid carbonaceous
distilland.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 22, 88 and 90, for
a process directed to preheating a distilland.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 353 and
364+.
Subclass:
178
The preheater has a straining device.
Subclass:
179
The distilland enters a device for heat exchange with the
distillate vapors, from which it condenses the
high-boiling-point constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 139, for condensing
apparatus in which the vapor is partially condensed.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 22, for a
distillation process in which the feed is heated by indirect
heat exchange with the distillate vapor and subclass 87, for
a process of fractional condensation of the vapor.
Subclass:
180
The distilland before it enters the still is used as the
cooling fluid in the condenser.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 134.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 10, for a process
of purifying water by distillation in which the feed water is
used as the cooling fluid in the condenser.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 353 and
364+.
Subclass:
181
Automatic means for controlling the level of the distilland
or rate of feeding the still are provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 and 196.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 386, for a liquid level responsive or
maintaining system.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus.
Subclass:
182
Patents for apparatus directed to physical treatment of the
distillate, such as filtering, dephlegmating, washing,
absorbing, or condensing, when in combination with the
elements of or limited to being a part of a distilling
system. Apparatus for treatment of the volatiles from
thermolytic distilling, unless provided for under thermolytic
apparatus, is included here.
(1) Note. For filters, see Search Notes below.
(2) Note. For condensers see Search Notes below.
(3) Note. For washers see Search Notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclasses following subclass 474 for
filters; subclass 220 and appropriate indented subclasses for
washers.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 146 for washers;
subclass 46.1 for filters; subclasses 138+, for condensers;
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 348 for filters.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 19 and 75
for washers; subclasses 76, 78.1 and 115, for condensers.
Subclass:
183
System comprises a still and a second vessel in which the
vapor undergoes absorption either with or without
intermediate physical treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 101, 141+ and 476+ for sorption type
refrigeration producing processes and apparatus.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 108 for solid sorbent
apparatus for gas separation.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, 104.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 41 and
42, for a distillation process including a sorption
operation.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 341 and 348.
Subclass:
184
Comprises a still which is heated to remove volatile material
from a distilland, then along with its contained residue,
cooled and the volatile material returned to the still and
allowed to absorb in the residue, either with or without
intermediate physical treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, 101, 141+ and 476+ for sorption type
refrigeration producing processes and apparatus.
Subclass:
185.1
Condenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
comprising the association of a still and a device for
condensing the vapors produced by the still to the liquid
state.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 73 for
apparatus having means for condensing vapor.
62, Refrigeration, 80, 91+, 93+, 150+, and 272+ for
refrigeration processes and apparatus involving atmospheric
condensate handling.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 347 for cooking
apparatus having means for condensing vapors and returning
the condensate to the material being cooked.
165, Heat Exchange, 110 for a heat exchanger having a first
holder or collector in a flow path to a second fluid.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, 138 for mineral oil treating
apparatus including a still and condenser.
Subclass:
185.2
Direct contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject
matter in which the vapors to be condensed are cooled by
being mingled with a cooler gas or liquid.
Subclass:
185.3
Air condensers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject
matter in which the cooling or the vapor is effected by air
at a lower temperature than the vapor on the outer surface of
the vapor container.
Subclass:
185.4
Circulating coolant in cap or top closure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject
matter in which the condenser comprises means for circulating
a coolant substance which is located in the topmost part of
the still in the top cap or closure thereof or a pipe
connects the top of the still with the condenser unit.
Subclass:
185.5
Helical coil for vapor stream:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject
matter in which the vapors to be condensed are passed through
a helical coil which is surrounded by a lower temperature gas
or liquid.
Subclass:
185.6
Helical coil for coolant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Subject
matter in which the lower temperature gas or liquid coolant
is passed through a helical coil which is surrounded by the
warmer vapors which are to be condensed.
Subclass:
186
The system contains more than a single condenser.
Subclass:
187
The still and condenser are concentric.
Subclass:
188
The still and condenser are so arranged that the still is
supported by the condenser.
Subclass:
189
The condenser is supported by the still.
Subclass:
190
The condenser forms a cap or closure for the still.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 293, and
indented subclass, for condenser type beverage infusers.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 381.1 and 382.1 for an
open-top liquid heating vessel that may include a lid having
a condenser for steam from the vessel.
Subclass:
191
The condenser forms the cap of the still and is surrounded or
surmounted by a jacket to contain a cooling fluid.
Subclass:
192
The cooling liquid in the cap condenser passes to the still
and is distilled.
Subclass:
193
Means is provided for controlling the height of the
distilland in the still as it passes from the condenser.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 and 196.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 451, and
appropriate indented subclasses.
137, Fluid Handling, 386, for a liquid level responsive or
maintaining system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 43.1.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 135.
Subclass:
194
The condenser is supported by or upon the still and the
cooling fluid therefrom passes into the still.
Subclass:
195
The cooling liquid from the condenser passes into the still,
at least in part.
Subclass:
196
The amount of liquid entering the still from the condenser is
automatically limited to that which will keep the level of
the distilland constant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 and 193.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 386, for a liquid level responsive or
maintaining system.
Subclass:
197
The vapors from the still pass through a vessel or chamber in
which they deposit the particles of liquid and of solids
entrained within them. These vapors do not pass through
condensed liquids, nor is there condensation except
incidental.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 489 and 492.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 4, for a
thermolytic distillation process including separating a solid
by-product from a gas or vapor.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 40, for a
separatory distillation process including the step of
removing entrained particles from a gas or vapor.
Subclass:
198
The vapors from the column or still pass through a condenser
in which the higher-boiling fractions are condensed and
returned directly to the column or still.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 139.
Subclass:
199
The vapor from the still or column is passed through a
condensate from itself to which it surrenders its
high-boiling constituents and from which it evaporates its
low-boiling constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 140.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 30, for a
thermolytic distillation process of fractionally condensing
the removed vapor.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 42, for a
distillation process including sorption of a component of a
removed vapor in a liquid and subclass 87, for a process
including fractional condensation of the removed vapor.
Subclass:
200
The vapor from the still or column is passed through porous
material or other filter which removes from it entrained
particles of liquid and solids. The filtering material in
some instances may have a chemical effect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, subclasses following 474 for filter
structure for gas.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 40, for a
distillation process including removing entrained particles
from a gas or vapor and subclass 41, for a distillation
process including utilizing a solid sorbent.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 347.
Subclass:
201
Means are provided for admitting or injecting air or other
gas into the vapor element of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 356 and
362+.
Subclass:
202
Patents for apparatus or parts directed to physical treatment
of the condensate, such as filtering, decanting, aerating or
reboiling, when in combination with the elements of the still
or limited to the distilling art. Treatment of the condensate
of thermolytic distillation is here unless provided for in
the thermolytic subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 441 and 448.1
for feed-water reboilers.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 188 and
349.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, particularly 294 for diverse separators,
subclasses 348+ for filters and subclasses 513+ for
gravitational separators.
Subclass:
203
Air or other gas is passed through the condensate for
purification, flavoring, preserving, or other purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for structure of gas
and liquid contact apparatus.
Subclass:
204
The condensate consisting of immiscible liquid is passed into
a vessel where it is allowed to separate into two or more
layers, one of which may be removed separately from the
others.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, particularly 294 for diverse separators, and
subclasses 513+ for gravitational separators.
Subclass:
205
The system is provided with means for producing a vacuum
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 92,
for apparatus for contacting solids with a gas under vacuum.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 17, 21 and 22+.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 114.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 35, for a
process for applying differential pressure to the carbonizing
zone.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 73 and 91+, for a
separatory distillation process utilizing a vacuum and see
"SEARCH CLASS" thereunder.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 54, 63,
110+, and 140+, for an electric furnace which is operated
under pressure or vacuum.
Subclass:
206
Means for automatically controlling or cutting off the heat
from the still when any conditions making it desirable are
found in the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 447 and 448.1.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 132 and 141.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
appropriate subclass for regulating-apparatus combinations.
Subclass:
-2
Apparatus, Types:
This group is directed to the structure of the still,
chamber, kiln, heap, or retort which may be incorporated into
the system rather than to the system in which it is
incorporated.
Subclass:
207
A portable chamber designed to be placed over a stump and
heated from the outside, with means for carrying off the
vapors, the temperature being so controlled that first
separatory, then thermolytic, distillation occurs.
Subclass:
208
A single chamber which is heated internally by heating medium
passed therethrough directly in contact with the distilland.
Subclass:
209
A chamber heated either externally or by internal tubes or
furnace in such a way that first separatory, then
thermolytic, distillation occurs.
(1) Note. The two heating stages here are distinct and do
not refer to the periods of gradual increase in temperature
involved in heating up a retort.
Subclass:
210
Arrangements of wood or other carbonaceous material in piles
covered with material to exclude air, mainly used in charcoal
burning.
Subclass:
211
Structures in which carbonaceous material is to be placed and
carbonized by combustion of a part of its own substance. It
may also have flues in its walls and floors inside by means
of which it is heated, in addition to the heat of combustion
of its contents. Many beehive ovens are here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 171, for ore treating
furnaces.
Subclass:
212
The kiln has an arched top and greater length than breadth,
i.e., is noncircular in horizontal section.
Subclass:
213
Kiln structures designed to be moved from place to place and
needing no base on which to place the carbonaceous material
or having a new base constructed at each new location. The
kiln may be constricted so as to be moved as a whole or in
sections or parts to be separated and reassembled in a new
location.
Subclass:
214
The kiln is discharged at the bottom, which may either
rotate, and thus dump the residue, or have other provision
for discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 62, 69 and 76.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 195 and 236+, for furnaces and
other vessels which have material discharges means associated
therewith.
Subclass:
215
A chamber arranged with means for introducing hot gaseous
substances into direct contact with the distilland. It may
have auxiliary external heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, subclass 492.
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 63, and indented
subclass, and 94.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 186, for a furnace having fluid
feeding means associated therewith.
Subclass:
216
The directly-heated chamber is arranged for rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 108 for a
receptacle rotating about an axis through which receptacle
the material being treated is carried.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 145, for fume handling
structure associated with a rotary furnace, see the search
notes associated with this subclass.
432, Heating, 105 for a residual rotary work heating furnace
heating the work by direct contact with combustion products.
Subclass:
217
The structure of the closed vessel constituting the retort.
It is heated externally, but may also have auxiliary means
for indirect heating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 242 for a refuse incinerator in the
form of a closed retort.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, appropriate subclasses,
for a closed liquid container apparatus in which heat is
applied directly or indirectly to the walls.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 153, for furnaces
having retort condenser units and subclasses 171+ for
furnaces having retorts.
Subclass:
218
The retort is arranged for rotation, usually on its longer
axis, or for tilting or pivoting to empty.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 and 136, for a thermolytic distillation system including
a rotary retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 108 for a
receptacle rotating about an axis through which receptacle
the material being treated is carried.
110, Furnaces, subclass 246 for a refuse incinerator in the
form of a rotary drum.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 112.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 195 and 236+ for furnaces and
other vessels having material discharge means associated
therewith and 243+ for pivotally mounted Bessemer type
treating vessels.
366, Agitating, 219 for movably mounted mixing chambers.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 84 and
85+ for an electric arc furnace including means for rotating
the furnace chamber and subclasses 115 and 116.
Subclass:
219
The retort is surrounded by or contains a mass of fusible
substance through which the heat is conveyed to the retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 92.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 118 and 120.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 11 for a
thermolytic distillation in which the distilland is heated by
a molten metal bath.
Subclass:
220
The retort is constructed with flues or pipes either internal
to it or a part of its wall.
Subclass:
221
Retorts designed to be charged at the top and discharged at
the bottom and to occupy the vertical position. The retort
may be of ring shape and may have jalousie walls.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 165 for
apparatus for vapor contact with solids in which the material
being treated is fed in at an elevated level and flows
generally downward through the treating zone.
Subclass:
222
The claims are directed to features of retort structure or
shape.
Subclass:
223
Patents disclosing the structure of the retort, oven, or kiln
walls.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, 247 for the chamber structure of a residual,
material heating furnace.
Subclass:
224
The retort is coated with protective material over a whole or
part of its surface or has a baffle or refractory substance
shielding it from the flame.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
432, Heating, subclass 248 for residual heating chamber
structure including a protected, lined or reinforced melt
holding section.
Subclass:
225
Structures to be inserted within the retorts to subdivide the
charge. The core may have channels for removal of volatile
material and may be removed with the residue or remain in the
retort.
Subclass:
226
The distilling retorts are associated with devices for
crushing, grinding, or compressing or otherwise treating the
residue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 227+, 261, and 262+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, subclass 492.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 5, 7 and
39 for a process directed to treating a distillation
residue.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 47 for a process
in which a solid is removed from a liquid.
Subclass:
227
Miscellaneous means for quenching or cooling the residue of
distillation. It may consist of an open or a closed chamber
attached to or separate from the retort in which the residue
is cooled by gas or liquid or merely held to cool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
95 and 253.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 165 for a device for receiving and removing
ashes when furnace structure is included.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 39, for a
thermolytic distillation process directed to quenching char
with an inert material.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 122, for means for
contacting a heated ore with a cooling liquid.
432, Heating, 77 for a residual material heating furnace
having work cooling structure.
Subclass:
228
Receivers for hot distillation residue arranged to cool or
quench the residue by circulation through or over it of
neutral gas or by generation and/or circulation of steam or
other vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 229 for a solid fuel furnace provided with
means to release a gas from the fuel.
Subclass:
229
A chamber or holder arranged to be lowered into a tank of
quenching liquid after filling with hot residue.
Subclass:
230
A conveyor upon which the residue is held while it is being
quenched or cooled. The conveyor may itself be submerged in
the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 165.
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, for the Conveyor structure, per
se.
Subclass:
-2
Apparatus, Types, Separatory:
Structure and form of stills and other parts peculiar to
separatory distillation and not provided for in the system
subclasses.
Subclass:
232
This group of subclasses is restricted to the structure or
shape of the still itself and to the means associated
therewith for heating it and other characteristic features of
the still, apart from the system in which it is used.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 22 and subclasses
23-28.1+, indented thereunder.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses, for means for
modifying temperature not provided for in other classes and
note "Search Class" under the class definition for related
fields of search.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 104, and appropriate
indented subclasses.
Subclass:
233
Single stills with heating furnace, tube, jacket, or other
means of heating its contents without contact of heating
fluid and contents and also means for introducing heating
fluid directly to the interior of the still.
Subclass:
234
The distilland is heated by a heating fluid directly in
contact with it, by radiant heat (as by the sun, etc.), by
electric elements immersed in the distilland, or in contact
therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 4.1, 8 and 16.1.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 126 and 127.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 19 for a
thermolytic distillation process in which electrical energy
is applied directly to the distilland.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 10 for a process
of solar distillation of water and subclass 100 for a
collection of methods of heating in a separatory distillation
process.
Subclass:
235
Stills heated by fluids carried in or through or around them,
in coils, pipes, or jackets, or in superficial contact, the
fluids being held from contact with the distilland.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 14 for a process
directed to thermolytic distillation in which a conversion
product is used as an indirect source of heat.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 25 and 27 for a
process in which the vaporization zone is indirectly heated
by a product of the process.
Subclass:
236
The still has means for introducing the distilland in the
form of a spray or for forming a spray after its
introduction, or the distilland flows into or through the
still in the form of a film.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 3 for a spray evaporator and
subclasses 5+ for a film evaporator.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 128.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 90 for a
distillation process of spraying the distilland into the
distillation zone and subclasses 72 and 89 for distillation
utilizing filming.
Subclass:
237
The still is composed of a tube or tubes in which the
distilland is subjected to distillation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 110.
Subclass:
238
The still is mounted upon an axis and rotated or tilted
during distillation or to discharge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, 108 for a
receptacle rotating about an axis through which receptacle
the material being treated is carried.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 112.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 84 and
85+ for an electric arc furnace including means for tilting
or rotating the furnace.
Subclass:
239
Elements used in connection with stills, retorts, or the
like, not constituting a type of distilling apparatus, and
not provided for in other classes.
Subclass:
241
Means for cleaning and decarbonizing or preventing the
fouling of the retort or still or the tubes of the heating
system therefor.
(1) Note. The means herein are either mechanical, as
scrapers, or chemical, as the introduction of air to unite
with the carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 104.001 and
subclass 246.5 for tank cleaner attachments, or Class 414,
Material or Article Handling, subclass 291 and other
appropriate subclasses, for carbon removing devices which are
not claimed as being permanently associated with the retort
or still but may be applied to other chambers.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, 379.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for cleaning in which a solid is
contacted with a liquid.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 122.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 2 for a
thermolytic distillation process including the step of
cleaning the apparatus.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 48 for
processes of removing deleterious carbon accumulations formed
on the equipment during a chemical conversion of the mineral
oil.
252, Compositions.
432, Heating, subclass 75 for a furnace including means
peculiarly adapted for cleaning the furnace.
Subclass:
242
Miscellaneous closures for retorts and stills not provided
for below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 201
for enclosing apparatus which may be open on one side, and
see "(6) Note" for related fields of search.
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 124 for a retort
having a lid.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses,
for closures of the type provided for and see the search
notes in section IV of Class 49 for the loci of closures in
other classes.
110, Furnaces, 173.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 498 for
water-cooled furnace doors.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 89 for closures and or
plugs for pipes.
220, Receptacles, 200 for receptacle closures.
Subclass:
243
The doors, lids, or other closures are cooled by a fluid
within or flowing through them.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 179 and 180.
165, Heat Exchange, 73 for a heat exchanger having a cover
which is cooled by a liquid passing through it.
Subclass:
244
Patents showing the structure of the openings for charging
dome ovens, the air and gas flues surrounding these, the
castings or other devices inserted for their protection, and
the lids closing the charging holes.
Subclass:
245
Doors so mounted as to be removable by other than a hinged
motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 173.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 190.
Subclass:
246
Closures supported and turnable on hinges at either their
side, top or bottom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 194.
220, Receptacles, 810.
Subclass:
247
Closures for retorts occupying the horizontal position. This
includes doors, lids, mouthpieces and securing devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 173.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 498.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 190, 191 and 192.
Subclass:
248
Doors and devices for handling them when claimed in
combination, which close the horizontal retorts of coke
ovens.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 173, 175, 176, and 177.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 498.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 191 and 192.
Subclass:
249
Patents disclosing means for closing and charging or
discharging rotary cylinders which claim means for other
functions than merely charging the distilland or discharging
the residue.
Subclass:
250
Devices to close the tops of vertical retorts, ovens or
stills.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 76.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 184, for furnaces
having bell and hopper type charging structure and subclass
199, for shaft furnaces having specific top structure.
Subclass:
251
Closures having devices for feeding the charge into the
distilling receptacle. The feeding device may be a simple
magazine or means for forcing the material into the retort
and may have preheating means in the top.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 73.
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 135.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 176, for ore treating furnaces
having means to feed a charge of solid material thereto.
Subclass:
252
Devices for closing the bottoms of retorts, kilns or stills.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, 130.
Subclass:
253
The closure has means for cooling or quenching the residue
before discharging it from the retort.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 750 for
devices disclosed as useful for moving coke through a fluid
treating zone for quenching the coke.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclass 197, for shaft
furnaces having specific bottom structure.
Subclass:
254
Tubes or pipes for carrying off the vapors from distilling
chambers.
(1) Note. If claimed in combination with hydraulic main or
its equivalent, the patent is to be classified in this class,
subclasses 255 and 256.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 136.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 144 for treating vessels
having means to handle gases evolved therein.
Subclass:
255
Hydraulic mains and gas pipes extending there into leading
from the gas generator. The mains may be provided with means
for maintaining a liquid seal for the pipes.
Subclass:
256
Dip pipes having valves for closing the pipe or by-passing
the seal.
Subclass:
257
The retort or still is fitted with a plurality of tubes for
removal of the distillate. The removal may be from more than
one point.
Subclass:
258
The offtake or offtakes are valved.
Subclass:
259
The pipe through which the distillate is removed from the
retort or still is jacketed to contain either a heating or
cooling agent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 and 158+, for distillation systems including a column
and 185.1+ for a system including a condenser.
Subclass:
260
The offtake is cooled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259
Subclass:
261
Means for discharging the residue.
Subclass:
262
The still or retort is associated with means for introducing
material into it or for removing residue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, 101 for devices for feeding fuel to a
furnace.
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, 2 for
chutes of particular structure or use.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 602, 614 and 736+ for
a reciprocating pushing bar.
221, Article Dispensing, 208, for apparatus having means to
affirmatively segregate, separate or move articles from a
supply source toward a point of egress.
366, Agitating, 150.1 and 185+.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, 33, 79+, 115, and
142+ for charging and discharging devices for electric
furnaces.
414, Material or Article Handling, 147 and 586+ as explained
in Part V of the definition of this class (202).
Subclass:
263
Means for disposing of the smoke and fumes produced while
charging or discharging hot distilling chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 144, for miscellaneous
metallurgical apparatus including means for arresting the
fumes from the gases produced in the metallurgical
operation.
Subclass:
264
Means is associated with the still for preventing foam
formation or for breaking foam already formed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 155 for degasifying means for
liquid.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 9, for a
process directed to treating a solid distilland to inhibit
foaming.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 20, for a
process directed to inhibiting foaming of a distilland.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 115 for processes of or compositions for or
subcombination compositions for the breaking of or inhibiting
of foam colloid systems, when generically claimed or when
there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for
the specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
265
The retort or still is provided with means to rock, shake, or
otherwise agitate it and the contained distilland or has
agitating means provided internally thereof for the same
purpose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for means for setting the distilland in motion as a part
of the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 277.1 and
277.2.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 25.1+
196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 123 and 124.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 31 and
32, for a process directed to agitating the distilland.
366, Agitating, for specific agitators.
Subclass:
266
The still or retort is furnished with supports upon or in
which the distilland rests. The container may be removable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 628.
Subclass:
267.1
Materials of construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter
claiming the materials of which the structures classified in
this class are constructed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for a furnace
lining which reacts with the charge.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 18 for a
thermolytic distillation process including utilizing
apparatus of a particular composition.
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, subclass 86 for
separatory distillation process including reciting apparatus
or an element in terms of its composition.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 30 for forming or repairing furnace
lining and see, "SEARCH CLASS" thereunder for related fields
of search.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate
subclasses for electric furnace linings and processes for
making.
Subclass:
267.2
Corrugate walls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 267.1. Subject
matter wherein the walls of the structure display alternately
ridges and groves or furrows.
Subclass:
268
The distilling assembly has provision for expansion and
contraction as the structure is heated and cooled. This may
be in the form of sliding or other joints or devices for
allowing expansion and forcing contraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 82, wherein molding means is
provided to adjust the volume of the apparatus during the
molding operation to compensate for change in volume of the
material.
Subclass:
269
Miscellaneous devices for preventing access or exit of air or
gas to the chambers and pipes of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass
242, for drying apparatus having means to seal an opening
against gas or vapor leakage and providing for feeding
material through the opening.
220, Receptacles, subclass 228.
Subclass:
270
Miscellaneous group of details of apparatus not provided for
above and devices accessory to the operation of the
distilling apparatus not otherwise provided for.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000