U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
" " icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 164
METAL FOUNDING
Class Definition:
This is the generic class for:
1. METAL* CASTING - Process and/or apparatus for shaping of
fluid metallic material.
2. MOLD MAKING - Process and/or apparatus, per se, for
shaping of fluent material to produce a forming surface to
carry out in METAL* CASTING, supra.
3. PATTERN MAKING - Process and/or apparatus for shaping a
fluent material to produce a form or pattern to be used in
MOLD MAKING, supra.
4. PRODUCT TREATING - Process and/or apparatus for treating,
mixing, or mechanically working the metallic material while
molding or while the metallic material is in a mold, i.e.,
while carrying out an operation of METAL* CASTING, supra.
5. OTHER - Process and/or apparatus not elsewhere provided
for to perfect or effect METAL*CASTING or MOLD MAKING,
supra.
*Throughout this class, the term "metal" is to include pure
metal, metal alloys and inter-metallic compounds.
AMPLIFIED STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER.
This class in general provides for the foundry operations
including from those of making the molds and patterns to
those of casting a final metal product. These operations,
particularly that of casting the metal, do not have to be
limited to a foundry operation in the locational sense; but
may be performed in any physical location, e.g., cast-welding
rail ends in the field.
The metal casting of this class involves the shaping of a
free flowing liquid metal and as such is distinguished from
other forms of metal deformation such as metal bending,
forging, billet extrustion, etc., where the metal is never
free flowing. Also a shaping surface is required for
placement in the class. For example, forming metal by a shot
tower will be found elsewhere. The shaping surface, though,
may remain as part of the final product. (See References to
Other Classes, below).
The mold making procedures provided for in this class are
generally of the sand shaping type although any fluent
material is included such as metal, plaster of paris, ceramic
materials and synthetic plastics. There molds so formed are
limited to use in metal casting operations and are not of
general utility. Making molds by shaping of solid materials
are found in the particular shaping classes except where the
operation is combined with a subsequent metal casting step;
in such a case, the operation is provided for in this class.
The pattern making procedures provided for in this class are
those of shaping a fluent material such as wax and other
plastic materials. Shaping a pattern from solid material
such as by cutting from wood are provided for in this class
only when followed by a further foundry operation such as
forming a sand mold by using the pattern.
The metal product treating operations provided for in this
class are those that are performed in conjunction with a
metal casting operation. Alloying of metals while pouring
the metal into a mold or while the metal is in a mold is
provided for in this class. Any reshaping of the metal while
in the mold such as cutting, or solid deforming are provided
for in this class. Also, particularly in the case of a
continuously casting operation, the rolling or bending of the
continuously cast product (where the casting is also claimed)
is provided for herein if some of the contiguous product is
still in the mold.
Other miscellaneous adjuncts which are used to perfect a
foundry operation are provided for in this class if there is
not a specific class which provides for the subject matter.
The main items of this type are flasks, mold jackets,
strippers, and core supporting devices, e.g., chaplets. See
Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. MOLDING PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES
1. Molds Without Structure.
A mold recited only by composition with no structure recited
will go to the appropriate composition class. See References
to Other Classes, below.
Patents wherein all the claims are limited to a mold
mentioned by name only with no structure recited and defined
only in terms of the composition of individual layers are
classified in the appropriate composite layer class. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
2. Metal
Class 249 provides for molds of a static character for metal
shaping. Generally any mold having a dynamic feature of the
feature of the following list is included in this class
(164):
(a) A mold combined with means or pressing molding material
within the mold.
(b) A mold combined with a cover having projections
penetrating into the fluent hardenable material upon movement
of the cover to its operative position.
(c) A mold combined with means for moving the mold from one
side to another.
(d) A mold formed of separable and unconnected parts
combined with means to individually handle each part for
assembly.
(e) A mold provided with a core or ejector combined with a
machine-type means for actuating the core or ejector.
(f) A mold combined with means to position the work relative
to the mold and which means functions to release the work to
permit it to fall in the mold.
(g) A mold or core combined with means for creating
differential pressure within the mold or core for dynamically
shaping a molding material.
(h) A mold combined with means for feeding material thereto,
except that a mold with an integral funnel element or a mold
so modified to provide structure especially designed for
supporting a feeding means, is classified in Class 249.
(i) A mold and means to vibrate the mold.
(j) A segmented female mold or core, e.g., tunnel type,
etc., and power means, i.e., motor to move the segments to
inoperative or operative position.
(k) Continuous or semi-continuous forming apparatus.
Also, Class 249 provides for all static molds for metal
shaping except for molds made of sand or a similar
particulate material which is found in this class (164). See
Subclass References to the Current Class, below, for a
subclass reference for mold made of sand or a similar
particulate material. A mold which by claim or disclosure
can be either sand or metal will be found in Class 249.
Combinations of sand and metal molds or cores are provided
for in this class (164) as are sand (only) mold adjuncts
(such as a metal chill).
Classes 264 and 425 provide for processes and apparatus
respectively for metal shaping by liquid or melt comminuting.
In this operation no mold is employed by the particles are
shaped by the cohesive nature of the material, e.g.,
solidifying of a molten metal to a round ball while in free
fall.
Molding processes and apparatus for metal powders are found
in Class 419 (processes with sintering), Class 264
(compacting processes), and Class 425 (particle
compositioning apparatus). In these powder metallurgical
operations, the particles retain their identity as particles
in the product. If they were completely fused, such
operations would be provided for in this class (164).
Processes and apparatus for deforming metal are provided for
elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
Processes and apparatus for casting metal to form either
single type or type-bars that are adapted to be set up as a
printing form are provided for elsewhere. This class (164)
provides for processes and apparatus for casting stereotype
plates. (See References to Other Classes, below)
Processes of casting and molding material wherein a
semiconductor junction device or material is produced by
claim or disclosure are provided for elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below).
3. Nonmetallic Materials
Class 249, Static Molds, provides for static molds for the
general process of molding nonmetallic materials of Class
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, while Class 425, provides for the dynamic molding
apparatus. A claim or, if not claimed, a disclosure of
molding either metals or nonmetals will be classified in the
nonmetallic class. A combination of a nonmetallic operation
followed by an operation of this class (164) will be found in
this class (164). An operation of this class (164) followed
by an operation of a nonmetallic shaping class will be found
in the nonmetallic shaping class, i.e., Classes 264 and 425.
Class 65 provides generally for processes of molding glass.
A patent disclosing working of named materials for this class
(164) and Class 65 is classified in this class (164) unless
the only species claimed is glass or the only specific
example relates to glass in which case the patent is
classified in Class 65. Combined processes including metal
casting and glass working and/or treating are classified in
this class (164).
B. COMPOSITION CLASSES
For placement of patents reciting a mold by name only see
Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, Molds Without
Structure, above.
1. Metallic
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, provides for a process of
refining combined with a Class 164 process (significant or
nominal). Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions,
provides for a process of alloying followed by casting where
the alloying or refining step is either (1) prior to or (2)
subsequent to the casting operation, i.e., removed from mold.
This class (164) provides for apparatus for alloying or
refining combined with casting apparatus where the alloying
or refining is performed prior to or during casting. The
term metal is utilized throughout the class to encompass free
metal alloy or intermetallic compound as designated in
Classes 75 and 420.
The order of superiority among various metal, alloy, and
metal stock areas and methods of manufacture involving them
is as follows:
1. Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.
2. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 22+, compositions
for treatment of solid metal.
3. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,
Compositions for Use therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 300, 301, and 303+, gaseous, liquid, or solid
treating compositions for liquid metal or charges, and
subclass 302, welding rod defined by composition.
4. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,
Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 228+, consolidated metal powder compositions and
subclasses 255+, loose metal particulate mixtures.
5. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, claimed as
products.
6. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 95-122, 194-287,
and 500-714, in class schedule order, providing for certain
processes of treating solid or semi-solid metal by modifying
or maintaining internal physical structure (i.e.,
microstructure) or chemical properties of metal, processes of
reactive coating of metal or processes of chemical-heat
removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning of metal.
However, if metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or
working is involved, there is a requirement of significant
heat treatment as described in the Class 148 class
definition.
7. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 33+ barrier layer
stock material and subclasses 400+, stock.
8. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,
Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclassses 331+, processes of making solid particulate
alloys directly from liquid metal and subclasses 343+,
processes of producing purifying alloys in powder form.
9. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,
Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 10.1+ and 10.67, processes of making alloys by
electrothermic, electromagnetic, or electrostatic processes.
10. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, processes of
manufacture.
11. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes,
Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder
Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 330+, processes of making metal and processes of
treating liquid metals and liquid alloys and consolidating
metalliferous material.
12. Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
processes.
13. Class 164, Metal Founding, subclasses 1+, processes.
14. Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 44+,
processes of operating metallurgical apparatus.
This list is not complete and may be added to as the proper
relationship of other areas is determined.
2. Nonmetallic
This class (164) provides for a process of shaping, per se,
of a mold, pattern or core device which is to be utilized in
a metal casting operation, where there are significant
shaping steps recited. The line with the various chemical
composition classes and this class (164) is the same
generally as that set forth in Class 264, Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Chemical Composition Classes.
Clarification as to some of the technology peculiar to this
class and any departures from the line set forth in Class 264
will be set forth below.
These lines are generally applicable where there is a mixing
or blending of the mold, pattern or core composition recited
to take place prior to the mold-step or a chemical reaction
during the molding step. Where there is no claimed
disclosure as to a chemical reaction, mixing or blending the
patent is classified in this class even when only nominal
shaping is recited.
Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of a
significant molding or shaping step will bring a patent to
this class. Significant molding operations include named
shaping by compaction, centrifugal force, spraying or
slinging material against a shaping surface, or extruding of
mold materials to form a shaping surface, and combinations of
two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other
combinations as set forth in Class 264.
Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent
to a broad molding step, e.g., shaping or molding broadly
plus cutting or removing of excess mold material or heating
subsequent to removal of a shaped article from forming
surface to complete the cure will be placed in this class.
Mere stripping alone or nominal return to ambient temperature
is not considered to be an after treatment or a subsequent
treatment within the scope outlined above.
C. COMPOSITE ARTICLE FORMING CLASSES
1. Coating
The distinction between coating a metal onto a base for Class
118 or Class 427 and casting a metal onto the base for this
class is predicated upon the presence of confining means for
the molten metal as it solidifies on the base. If the melt is
confined in all directions on the base against the force of
gravity it is considered a process or apparatus appropriate
for this class. The confining means may be structural dams,
previously solidified casting material, or part of the base
itself.
Also, if a metal layer is formed in a mold and another layer
coated on the initial layer while it is still in a mold the
operation is considered molding of plural layers for this
class rather than coating since the operation takes place in
a mold.
2. Fusion Bonding
This class (164) provides for a process and apparatus for
joining two or more preforms or portions of the same preform,
where (a) a removable mold member is used and (b) the molten
metallic material is confined in all directions against the
force of gravity (hole filling is considered a joining of
portions). Fusion bonding therefor, not meeting the above
limitation, is classified elsewhere. Processes and apparatus
for bonding or welding by means of electric heating are also
provided for elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
SEARCH NOTES
Only a limited amount of cross-referencing and cross-noting
has been done between process and apparatus subclasses where
the subject matter provides for is of comparable scope. One
is cautioned therefore, to utilize both the process and
apparatus sections of the schedule when determining fields of
search.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
349 for mold made of sand or a similar particulate
material.
374 for flasks.
394 for mold jackets.
397 for core supporting devices, e.g., chaplets.
401 for strippers.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for freeing casting of residual
sand, especially subclass 94 and 304.
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses, especially 527.1
for processes involving casting and additional treatment of
the casting after it is removed from the mold. This class
(164) provides for operation of preparing, e.g., coating,
cutting, shaping by deforming, etc., a preform for a casting
operation where the preform is the casting metal or a part of
a final composite product, or removing a portion of the
preform after the casting operation where the removal was to
perfect the casting operation, e.g., position preform during
compositing. See also Class 29, subclasses 526.2+ for
processes of separation or localization of as-cast defects in
ingots (e.g., anti-pipe). Also, see Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus
Classes and C, Composite Article Forming Classes, supra.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for, per se, drying of a formed mold, and
especially subclass 437 for processes of treating hollow
articles or articles held in or on forms.
53, Package Making, subclass 423 for packing operations
including the step of confining a fluid material so as to
form a closure seal by solidification.
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus for making chains in
which some manufacturing operation more than casting and
joining is involved.
65, Glass Manufacturing, provides generally for processes of
molding glass. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
72, Metal Deforming, for processes and apparatus for
deforming metal. The metal is in a self-sustaining
conditioning during the formation. It may be "plastic" but it
is not liquid (i.e., seeks its own level under the force of
gravity). 253.1 provides for forming by extruding through an
orifice. The metal stock may be supplied to the feed chamber
in the form of a liquid as a convenient way of handling a
charge, but the charge must be solidified before it is forced
through a die for placement in Class 72. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding Process and
Apparatus Classes, above.)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 228 for metal stock, blanks, or
indeterminate articles. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses depending
upon the metal produced for combined processes involving
refining operations where not performed in the mold or while
teeming into mold. See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes and see
Metallic, supra.
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for
pressing particulate material.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.2 for
compositions which are (a) specialized for use in making
molds, (b) specialized for use in coating molds, or, (c)
molds claimed solely in terms of the composition of which
they are composed. Also, see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes,
and B, Composition Classes, supra.
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus
for coating molds where no more of the casting apparatus is
claimed than is necessary to present the mold to the coating
device or station. Also, see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Composite Article Forming Classes, supra.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for methods of freeing castings of residual sand
only, where the cleaning is effected by contact with a
liquid. See subclasses 22-24 for processes of cleaning the
internal surfaces of hollow work and subclasses 166+ for
corresponding apparatus.
140, Wireworking, for process and apparatus for making wire
containing products in which some wireworking operation more
than composite casing or joining is involved.
148, Metal Treatment, particularly 538 for combined
processes of casting and significant heat treatment after
removal from the mold or shaping surface to modify or
maintain the internal physical structure (i.e.,
microstructure) or chemical property of metal. See the Class
148 Class Definition to determine what constitutes
significant heat treatment. In continuous casting
operations, wherein the contiguous product is still connected
to the casting surface, a step involving significant heat
treatment of the solid or semi-solid metal which occurs
outside or away from the molding surface goes to Class 148.
However, chemical heat removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.)
or burning (i.e., oxidation) of a continuously cast metal
goes to Class 164, if some of the continuously cast and
contiguous product is connected to the shaping surface.
Cutting operations, in the mold, goes to Class 164. See,
particularly Class 148, subclasses 194+ for processes of
chemical-heat removing (e.g., flame cutting) or burning
(i.e., oxidizing) of metal; subclasses 100+ for combined
processes involving casting followed by intentional
alteration of the magnetic properties of the casting after
removal from the mold.
163, Needle and Pin Making, for processes and apparatus for
making needles and pins in which some manufacturing operation
more than metal casting is involved.
199, Type Casting, for processes and apparatus for casting
metal to form either single type or type-bars that are
adapted to be set up as a printing form. This class (164)
provides for processes and apparatus for casting stereotype
plates. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
219, Electric Heating, for processes and apparatus for
bonding and welding by means of electric heating.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for ladles,
crucibles, or other metal containers having dispensing
structure such as a pouring lip or spout.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, for fusion bonding.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
disintegrating a mold or core not associated with a flask or
casting.
249, Static Molds, see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, supra.
252, Compositions, see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, supra.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for similar processes of
molding and shaping nonmetallic materials especially 219 for
processes of mold making. See Class Definition, Amplified
Statement Of Class Subject Matter, supra., and Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process and
Apparatus, and Composition Classes, supra.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for process for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject
Matter, supra.)
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for
apparatus adapted for the treatment of metals particularly
168 for apparatus for melting or otherwise treating molten
metal and subclasses 275+ for molten metal receptacles.
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses, particularly 86
for a clamp means, per se, even if a mold or flask is named
as the article held.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, appropriate
subclasses for electric furnaces such as arc, induction and
resistance furnaces.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps, per se, for
molten metal.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
depending upon the metal value utilized for combined
processes involving alloying operations where not performed
in the mold or while teeming into the mold. Also, see Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process And
Apparatus Classes, and Composition Classes, supra.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding Process and
Apparatus, supra.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for apparatus for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject
Matter, supra.)
427, Coating Processes, 133 for a process of coating a
mold.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 411 and 615+
for nonmetallic and metallic composites, respectively,
defined in terms of the composition of its components.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding
Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
433, Dentistry, appropriate subclasses for methods and
apparatus which effect specific dental steps (e.g., taking
impressions of teeth, trial filling, etc.).
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for
processes of casting and molding material wherein a
semiconductor junction device or material is produced by
claim or disclosure. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes,
above.)
451, Abrading, for a method or apparatus for disintegrating a
sand mold or for cleaning a casting by an abrading
operation.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding Process And
Apparatus Classes, above.)
GLOSSARY:
ADDITION AGENT
In founding, any material, including principal alloying
constituents, densifiers, fluidizers, graphitizers, grain
size controllers, etc., added to the molten metal to produce
specific effects in the solid metal.
CAPPING
Intentionally stopping the rimming action in steel after
completion of teeming.
CARBURIZING (Carbonizing)
Introducing carbon into ferrometals by heating above the
transformation temperature range while in contact with
carbonaceous material that may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.
CASTING
The formation of an article by pouring or forcing molten
metal into a mold or die and permitting it to solidify.
CHAPLET
A device for holding a core in place.
CHEEK
The intermediate part of a flask or mold that has more than
two parts.
CHILL
A piece of metal applied to the casting to hasten the
solidification in that area.
CONTINUOUS CASTING
Process of forming a product of indeterminate length wherein
a portion of the product is removed from a forming mold or
surface as a further contiguous portion is cast.
CONTINUOUS CASTING STRAND
Semi-solidified product of a continuous casting process or
apparatus comprising a generally molten center contained
within a cooler solidified shell.
COPE
The upper or topmost section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
CORE
A separable part of a mold that is used to create openings
and various shaped cavities in the casting.
CORE BOX
A box or container in which foundry cores are made.
CORE PRINT
A special projection on a pattern for forming impressions or
core seats in the mold into which the core itself is
inserted. Also refers to the projection on the core itself
which fits into the core seat.
DRAFT
The taper that is provided on otherwise verticle faces of a
pattern to facilitate its removal from the sand mold.
DRAG
The lower or bottom section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
Also referred to as nowel.
DRAW BAR
A bar used for lifting the pattern from the sand of the
mold.
DROSS
The scum that forms on the surface of molten metals.
FLASH
A thin film of metal formed on a casting where the metal has
flowed between mating parts of the mold.
FLASK
A box, usually of metal or wood, used to hold sand in which a
mold is formed.
FLUX
(1) A substance that, by chemical action, promotes fusion of
a solid material.
(2) A material capable of forming with gangue or other earthy
matter, a liquid melt having the fusibility and chemical
characteristics suitable to a specific furnace process.
Also, protective flux to retard undesirable reactions.
GAGGER
A piece of metal used to support sand in deep pockets of sand
molds.
GATE
The end of the runner where the molten metal enters the
mold.
HOT-TOP
An insulated portion of a mold that retains metal molten in
that area so that it can feed into the mold and alleviate
shrinkage voids.
INCLUSIONS
Particles of dirt, slag or other impurities occurring in
metals that were mechanically entrapped during
solidification.
INGOT
An open-mold casting that is intended for remelting and
recasting or reworking to form finished products. Also
referred to as billet.
INGOT MOLD
A heavy mold, usually of cast iron, into which molten metal
is teemed, as in the casting of ingots.
INVESTMENT PATTERN
A pattern of a material having a low melting point for use in
processes employing special techniques such as precision
casting where pattern withdrawal would be difficult.
MATCH PLATE PATTERN
A pattern plate with several patterns secured thereto or a
plate having matching pattern portions mounted on opposite
sides.
MELT
Metal that has been melted in preparation for casting.
NOWEL
See Drag.
PATTERN
A replica of an object to be cast and around which the mold
is constructed.
PATTERN PLATE
A board to which patterns are to be attached and which
extends substantially over the flask opening.
PIPE
A cavity formed in metal during the solidification of the
last portion of liquid metal, causing by contraction.
PREFORMED PRODUCT PART
A self-sustaining body which is to be incorporated in the
final product as a distinct part of the same (e.g., insert,
etc.).
RAMMING
The operation of compacting sand into a sand mold and around
a pattern.
RISER
A reservoir of molten metal provided for feeding into a
casting as the metal in the mold solidifies thus preventing
voids.
SAND MOLD
A mold made of sand and used for the making of sand castings.
A green sand mold is a mold used as made without any drying
operations and contains the original moisture of the mix.
SAND TEMPERING
Adding moisture to molding sand to make it workable.
SCAVENGER
A chemically active material added to molten metal to remove
oxides, gases, or other impurities.
SEGREGATION
The occurrence of impurities, inclusions, and alloying
constituents in nonuniform distribution.
SHELL MOLDING
A casting process utilizing a thin shell composed of
resin-bonded sand for the cope and drag section of the mold.
SINGLE CRYSTAL
A metallic mass that consists of a single crystallos:graphic
grain instead of the usual polycrystalline material.
SLAG
The nonmetallic product of refining metal ores which results
from the reaction of the flux with gangue.
SPRUE
Gates and risers of a mold assembly; the hole through which
molten metal enters the mold; also, the waste portion
attached to the product.
STOOL
The separable base of an ingot mold. The base provides a
surface onto which the mold is placed, and also serves as the
bottom of the mold.
SWEEP
A small section of a regular pattern which is generally
rotated in sand to provide the whole mold cavity.
TEEMING
Pouring metal into a mold.
VENT
Small opening in a mold to allow trapped air to escape.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Methods.
(1) Note. Many of these subclasses have corresponding
apparatus subclasses, therefore, a complete search may
involve apparatus subclasses, which subclasses start at
subclass 139 and continue to end of the class.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process directed
to forming a surface capable of conveying intelligence or a
design by reproducing in printed form.
(1) Note. Included herein is the combination of forming the
mat or matrix and casting of metal thereagainst to form a
plate.
(2) Note. The step of applying a backup member to a
preformed printing plate is not considered forming a printing
plate to be incorporated herein. This operation is found in
the composite article forming area, i.e., subclasses 91+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes of producing composite printing plates by
casting backup metal to a preformed printing surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 21 for processes of finishing
(cutting, grooving, etc.) stereotype plates.
199, Type Casting, for processes of casting elements or bars
of a printing form.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 69 for
processes of electroforming printing plates.
249, Static Molds, for static stereotype molds, particularly
subclass 138 for pivotable type stereotype molds.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclass 309 for a
planing operation performed on a concave surface such as a
stereotype plate.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Process wherein
a dynamic pressure, e.g., vacuum, pneumatic, hydraulic, etc.,
is directly applied to a molten metal to shape the same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for processes of vacuum forming.
113 for pressure casting of articles in general.
Subclass:
4.1
With measuring, testing, inspecting, or condition
determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which
includes the step of visually, audibly, or chemically
testing, sampling, or inspecting, or otherwise physically or
mechanically determining some variable condition in a cast
article, molding material, mold structure, or casting
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150.1 for metal casting apparatus provided with inspection
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 407.01 for processes of testing or
indicating in a mechanical manufacturing operation.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 29.1 and 29.12+ for processes of
testing, inspecting, measuring, or condition determination in
a glass forming or molding operation.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
measuring or testing operations, per se.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 40.1 for processes of measuring, testing
or inspecting in a plastic molding operation.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, for processes of electrical measuring and
testing.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring or testing of a thermal quantity, per se.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for
processes of chemical testing.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process in which
excess material in the form of flash, trim, rejected products
or used mold materials resulting from an intermittent or
continuous process or treating materials therefor, are
recycled or reused in the molding operation with or without
purification, reclamation or separation of the desired
constituents from contaminants.
(1) Note. To be placed herein, a patent must recite a
recycling of material employed previously in the mold making
or casting process.
(2) Note. The use of scrap or worn materials employed in
commerce are not considered to involve a recycling step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
92.1 for processes of repairing or restoring articles for
use.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 37.1 for processes of recycling of reclaimed or
purified process material utilized in a nonmetallic molding
operation.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which
includes the step of producing by shaping (1) a mold, pattern
or core device either as a, per se, operation by a method
within the definition of this class or (2) in combination
with a step of employing said mold or core device in the
production of a cast product by a process classifiable in
this class in which latter instance the mold or core device
may be formed by methods provided elsewhere.
(1) Note. Also included herein is the shaping of a mold to
be used in nonmetal molding of fluent or flowable materials
if such shaping is performed on fluent metallic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for casting processes employing particular shaping
surface material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.2 for particular
mold compositions.
144, Woodworking, 329 for a method of wood shaping.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 70 for
processes of electroforming dies.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 219 for processes of mold forming including sand
molds for nonmetallic shaping.
Subclass:
7.1
Utilizing a vacuum during shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process in which
a less than ambient pressure is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for processes of utilizing a vacuum in shaping metallic
material.
160.1 for casting apparatus provided with means to shape a
forming surface in the form of a shielding film.
Subclass:
7.2
To apply consumable shielding film to shaping surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Process
wherein an impervious consumable membrane is adhered onto a
particulate shaping surface by a vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
160.2 for casting apparatus provided with means to apply
film or suction directly to mold material with a shielding
film.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process wherein
a destructible pattern formed of frozen mercury is utilized
in the shaping operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for processes of employing destructible patterns in
general.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to (1) shaping the forming surface utilizing the material
which is to be ultimately cast as the pattern or preform
member, or (2) shaping the forming surface wherein a preform
member which is to be integrated in the material to be cast
as a final product is embedded in the mold material during
the shaping or forming thereof.
(1) Note. The product part in (2) above to be included
herein must be one which is individually handled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for a process of forming a composite plural part or
multi-layered mold.
91 for, per se, processes of embedding a preform member in
the cast metal.
231 for core shaping apparatus with means for positioning a
preform part which is to be incorporated in the final cast
product.
236 for a pattern member with means for holding a preform
part which is to be incorporated in the final cast product.
332 for apparatus for shaping metallic material including
means to position a preform part.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process wherein
plural preform bodies, i.e., final product part or material,
are utilized in forming or included in the shaping member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for process of uniting plural preforms.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Process wherein
the final product parts or materials are embedded in or held
by a core member of the mold structure.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to fixing or hardening a formed shaping surface by (1)
igniting and burning the mold surface prior to pouring the
casting or (2) by forcibly directing an inert gaseous medium
against the shaping surface.
(1) Note. The gaseous hardening agent to be included herein
cannot chemically react with the mold materials.
(2) Note. The gaseous hardening agent must be under a
positive pressure application to be included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for process of hardening a shaping surface by treating
with a chemically reactive gas.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to shaping pattern which is or is intended to be attached to
a pattern, board or plate.
(1) Note. Generally the plate or board upon which the
pattern is attached or an integral part thereof substantially
covers the open portion of a flask member.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to shaping a forming surface combined with the step of
coating the so formed surface with a treating material for
perfecting a subsequent casting operation.
(1) Note. The primary function of the coating provided for
herein is for treating the casting surface to perfect the
casting operation, e.g., release agent or lubricant to allow
easy withdrawal of cast product, fluxing or wetting agent.
If the main purpose of the coating is to retain or shape the
work during the casting operation and not merely to perfect
the casting operation then the operation will be found in
subclasses 23+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for process of forming composite plural part or
multi-layered mold and especially subclass 33 wherein a mold
surface is lined with mold material which functions to shape
or retain the molten material during the casting operation.
55.1 for process of lining or coating a casting surface with
a material which is to be alloyed with the molten casting
material.
66.1 for process of coating a casting surface with a
material which produces an inert or reducing gaseous
atmosphere upon teeming of the metal.
72 for process of coating-treating a casting surface
combined with casting.
91 for process of lining a casting surface with a material
which forms a composite layer or coating with the cast
material.
138 for casting processes employing a particular mold
coating.
473 for continuous casting processes incorporating an
addition or agent in a melt system.
475 for continuous casting processes including an inert or
reducing gas atmosphere step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.22 for
compositions for coating and lining molds.
427, Coating Processes, 133 for processes of mold coating,
per se.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to shaping from a fluent material the forming surface which
confines and controls the ultimate desired shape of the
molten metal that is to be formed therein.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to perfecting the hardening of the forming surface
of a mold structure by contacting the surface with a gaseous
medium which is chemically reactive with the mold material.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to mechanically removing material from the surface
of a shaped mold structure.
(1) Note. Included herein is the step of mechanically
sub-dividing the mold structure, i.e., dividing a mold
structure into component parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
161 for apparatus for cutting the final mold as well as for
cutting or sweeping to form the mold.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to successively shaping a plurality of molds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for apparatus for shaping sequential molds combined with
casting means.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to applying the mold material, either in bulk,
droplet (mist) or particulate form, by propelling the
material through space under dynamic pressure against the
shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for process of spraying liquid metallic material against
a shaping surface to form a cast product.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Process
directed to applying the solid mold material in particulate
form to the shaping surface.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process wherein
the particulate mold material that is sprayed against the
shaping surface contains a resin material.
(1) Note. This subclass generally includes shell type
molding processes where the resin material functions as a
binder.
(2) Note. See Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural
Rubbers, for a resin or composition containing a resin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for shell molding apparatus.
526 for processes of utilizing resin containing mold
materials generally.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process
directed to employing compressed air as a ram or piston to
force sand from a cartridge or container in which the
material is supplied in the shape of a compacted column or
the like against the shaping surface.
(1) Note. The compressed air does not come into actual
contact with the sand that is being forced against the
shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for those patents in which a stream of compressed air
leaves the machine chamber carrying with it sand which is
aerated before and during the blowing process.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process wherein
different parts or layers of mold materials are integrated by
a shaping or forming operation.
(1) Note. Included herein is the non treating type coating
or lining of the mold structure and also the impregnation of
the mold structure.
(2) Note. A lining which functions to retain the casting
material is included herein.
(3) Note. The mere insertion of a reinforcing member in the
mold material is not sufficient to bring the patent here.
(4) Note. If a flask is a mere container for the mold
material and does not affect the final shaping structure, the
patent will be provided elsewhere on other features.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for processes of mold forming plus subsequent treating
coating.
72 where the coating merely perfects the casting operation
but does not itself shape the material, e.g., lubricate.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in
which the different portions or parts of the mold are
successively shaped or formed on the same mold shaping
member, e.g., pattern member.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in
which at least two different separable portions or parts of
the mold structure are shaped or formed.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Process
directed to shaping plural separable parts which includes
shaping a core member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for, per se, apparatus for shaping cores.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Process
directed to shaping cope and drag sections of the mold
member.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in
which a core is placed, disposed or sustained in fixed
relation with the forming surface of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for a process for assembling mold parts.
340 for apparatus, including a mold, with means to position
a core.
370 for cores having integral aligning means.
397 for core centering or supporting means, per se.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Process wherein
a plurality of cores are utilized.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Process
directed to process of shaping a mold wherein plural cores
are maintained in spaced relationship within the mold
cavity.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process
directed to forming a layer on the mold shaping surface which
functions to shape or retain the molten material during the
casting operation.
(1) Note. Before placing a patent herein a determination
must be made that the lining functions to shape or retain the
molten cast material. Such guidelines as the thickness of
the applied lining, whether or not there are means, i.e.,
stops or dams, for confining the lining material in the mold,
whether or not there are significant shaping steps disclosed,
e.g., compacting, permanency of the lining are to be
considered in making the determination.
(2) Note. The combination of shaping one layer of a
multi-layered mold and separately forming after removal from
the initial shaping member a lining on the preformed layer
would be placed herein.
(3) Note. Generally the patents found herein are those
disclosing lining centrifugal mold flasks with mold
materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for a process of shaping a forming surface combined with
the step of coating the casting surface with a treating
material.
55.1 for a process of lining or coating a casting surface
with a material which is to be alloyed with the molten
casting material.
66.1 for a process of coating a casting surface with a
material which produces an inert or reducing gaseous
atmosphere upon teeming the metal.
72 for a process of coating-treating a casting surface
combined with the step of casting.
91 for a process of lining a casting surface with a material
which forms a composite layer or coating with the cast
material.
473 for continuous casting processes incorporating an
addition or agent in a melt system.
475 for a continuous casting process with an inert or
reducing gas atmosphere.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to extracting a destructable pattern from the mold
structure by (1) a chemical change, e.g., burning, etc., (2)
a physical change of state, e.g., liquefying, etc., or (3) by
reducing a solid to a flowable granular material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for a destructible type pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 423, for processes employing transitory or
temporary material or parts.
249, Static Molds, 61 for a static shaping surface having a
destructible feature.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 221 for processes of destroying a
pattern to disassociate the same from a plastic shaping
mold.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Process
directed to withdrawing the pattern in the liquid state.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Process wherein
a fluid medium is used to effect the liquid extraction of the
pattern.
(1) Note. The fluid medium used herein would include any
solvent fluid, e.g., steam, hot water, etc.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to the step of actively pressing or packing the mold
materials against a mold shaping surface to form a densified
structure.
(1) Note. The pressing or packing force must be greater
than the force of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 35 for process of compressing miscellaneous
materials.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process
directed to applying two or more pressure forces which are
different in kind upon the mold material to densify the
same.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process wherein
the active pressing or packing is effected by jarring the
mold structure with a sudden blow or blows or by oscillating
the structure.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process
directed to shaping a forming surface by compacting the mold
material against a shaping member, e.g., pattern, wherein the
shaping member is utilized as the primary force applying
member.
(1) Note. Patents directed to forming a hollow mold
structure by exerting radial pressure to the mold material
are included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
187 for apparatus wherein the pattern member acts as the
pressing member and including drawing means.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process
directed to the extracting of patterns from a mold by a
mechanical process.
(1) Note. Stripping by name alone does not place a patent
here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for processes of removing a pattern by destruction.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed
to forming patterns by shaping plastic mold materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for processes of utilizing the final product material as a
pattern.
13 for processes of shaping a plate-type pattern.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein
a shaped body of metallic material is produced by effecting a
deposition of a gas, vapor or projected comminuted melted
material, e.g., spray, etc., on a shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for process of spray-shaping a forming surface from
molten material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 5 for the process of comminuting a liquid
material (including metal) to form discrete solid particles,
and subclass 309 for spraying or flinging plastic material
against a shaping surface.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which
includes the step of shaping molten metal by means of a
molding surface.
(1) Note. Metallic material to be incorporated herein must
be a pure metal alloy, metallic composition, or intermetallic
compound. See the class definition of Class 420, Alloys or
Metallic Compositions, for the general definition of the
terms alloy, or metallic composition as used herein.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
an energy quantity is applied directly to the work material
as (1) an electromagnetic wave which is included in the
frequency spectrum including and above audio frequency range
(i.e., 50 cps), (2) an electric field or force or (3) an
explosive force.
(1) Note. Included are such electromagnetic waves as radio,
infrared, light, ultraviolet and gamma rays.
(2) Note. Application of sonic and supersonic wave energy
are included herein. The mere application of vibratory or
oscillatory forces without effecting transmission of wave
energy, e.g, subsonic, are provided for below on other
features.
(3) Note. For radiant energy to be included herein, it must
be specifically claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for process of compacting mold materials by oscillating
or vibrating.
71.1 for process of chemically treating cast material by
vibrating.
478 for continuous or semi-continuous casting processes
wherein the mold is vibrated or reciprocated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry, Electrical and Wave Energy, generally for
processes in which a chemical change is effected by means of
electrical or wave energy.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for electrolytic
treatment.
250, Radiant Energy, 324 for methods and apparatus devoted
to the corona irradiation of material, subclasses 432+ for
methods and apparatus for irradiating contained, supported or
transferred fluent material, subclasses 453.11+ for methods
and apparatus including supports for irradiated objects with
or without the irradiating source and subclasses 492.1+ for
methods and apparatus to irradiate objects or material.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 405 for processes involving the use of electrical
or wave energy in plastic molding operations; subclass 84 for
process of applying an explosive force to make a nonmetallic
article.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a chemically reactive material is employed in or on the body
of casting material itself to raise or maintain the
temperature thereof.
(1) Note. Applying an open flame to the casting material is
not considered a chemical reaction for this subclass.
(2) Note. The reactive heating does not have to be in the
mold cavity but may be in some portion of the mold body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for processes of applying an insulation to a melt
surface to control solidification.
124 for processes of directly applying a flame or gas to the
melt surface to control solidification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 250, for a fuel
composition intended to generate heat without light.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 959 for processes of
thermite type reduction-treating of metals.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 37, for
metal containing thermic compositions.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Process wherein
an exothermic chemical reaction in the proximity of a metal
body in solid state reduces the metal to a liquid in an area
of composition to effect a joining.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes of compositing in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for
formation of a metallic bonded joint between parts or
portions of the same part. Molten filler material may be
confined or retained by the shape or space between the parts
so long as a mold device is not employed.
Subclass:
55.1
Incorporating addition or chemically reactive agent to metal
casting material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a material is directly added to a melt system to (a) either
become incorporated therein physically, e.g., alloying, or
(b) cause a chemical reaction to affect the metallic system.
(1) Note. The added material may include principal alloying
constituent, densifiers, fluidizers, chemical graphitizers
scavengers, grain-size controller, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes for producing metals.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 1 for processes of
chemically treating mixtures to obtain metal containing
compounds.
Subclass:
56.1
To scavenge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Process
directed to adding a chemically active, e.g., scavenger,
material to the metallic casting material to remove oxides,
gases, or other impurities therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes of treating molten metal to remove unwanted
components therefrom.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 1 for processes of
chemically treating mixtures to obtain metal-containing
compounds.
Subclass:
57.1
Adding metal-containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Process
directed to adding a metal-containing material to the
metallic casting material.
(1) Note. The metal material may be in the form of a free
metal, alloy, compound, or composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270.1 for apparatus of this class combined with alloying
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for alloying processes. In Class 420, an alloying processes
is classified with the composition of the specific alloy
made. Subclasses drawn to processes of making alloys are:
18+, processes of adding magnesium to cast iron; 29+,
processes of making cast iron; 71, processes of making over 9
percent chromium steel, e.g., stainless steel; 84+, processes
of adding lead, bismuth, selenium, tellurium or calcium to
ferrous alloys, usually to improve machineability; 115+,
processes of making low chromium steel; 129, general
processes of making ferrous alloys; 590, general processes of
making alloys.
Subclass:
58.1
To produce casting having nonhomogeneous composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Process
wherein the addition of the metal-containing material to the
metallic-casting material produces a casting having a
nonuniform composition.
(1) Note. To be placed herein, the patent must disclose
that a nonhomogeneous casting is produced. A casting having
a varying alloy composition across a given cross section
comes within the scope of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 400 for metallic stock material
produced by a method of this subclass (Class 164, subclass
58.1).
Subclass:
59.1
Utilizing preform body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Process
directed to casting upon a preform body which remains a part
of the casting product.
(1) Note. To be placed herein, the preform must retain its
identity in the cast product.
(2) Note. A mere coating of the mold surface is not
considered a preform body.
(3) Note. Plural preform bodies to be encompassed herein
must be individually handled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for coating a preform to provide a bonding-alloying layer
with subsequently cast metal.
91 for composite article formation.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process
directed to exhausting or partially exhausting air or other
gases from the environment of the casting material, before,
during or after casting by applying a pressure differential
directly to the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.1 for processes of applying a vacuum in a mold forming
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for vacuum
treatment of metals.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 500 for processes of vacuum forming plastic
materials, and subclasses 101+ for processes of vacuum
treating work.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process
directed to applying, in addition to the differential in
pressure effected by the vacuum, a dynamic pressure medium.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein
the pressure differential created by the vacuum effects the
transport of the casting material to the mold cavity thus
effecting the shaping of the material.
(1) Note. Included herein are those processes of applying a
vacuum through a mold to obtain a more perfect reproduction.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein
a vacuum is present in the mold environment during the
introduction of the casting material into the mold.
Subclass:
66.1
Applying an inert or reducing gaseous atmosphere to work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the work material is subjected to an inert or reducing
gaseous environment either before, during, or after charging
the casting material to a mold.
(1) Note. An ambient atmosphere which may be inert is not
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, various subclasses for processes
for gaseous treating of metal.
148, Metal Treatment, 633 or 712+ for combined processes of
significant heat treatment of solid or semi-solid metal and
treatment with a special gaseous composition.
Subclass:
67.1
Atmosphere effected by chemical reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process
wherein the inert or reducing atmosphere is effected by a
chemical reaction involving the casting material or is
initiated by the introduction of a reactive material into the
mold environment.
Subclass:
68.1
While melting casting material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process
wherein the casting material is rendered molten under the
affect of a inert or reducing gaseous ambient.
Subclass:
69.1
With step of subdividing or removing material from product or
preform (e.g., cutting, mechanically or by heat,
sandblasting, chemical milling, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
(a) a portion of a preformed body or a body formed during the
casting operation is removed, or (b) where a body is reduced
into two or more parts.
(1) Note. The body portion may be removed to reduce the
size thereof or, as in the case of a preform, to perfect the
bond between the preform and the metal cast, e.g., as in
cutting to form interlocking means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for process of picking or cleaning a preform prior to
compositing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 21 and 24 for cutting or
finishing printing members; and subclass 527.6 for casting
combined with cutting or finishing after removal from the
mold.
83, Cutting, 13 for processes of metal cutting.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 138 for process of shaping and subsequent cutting
of plastic material.
451, Abrading, 28 for a process of abrading metal.
Subclass:
70.1
With product trimming, cutting, or breaking prior to removal
from mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Process which
includes the finishing of the casting by trimming, cutting,
or breaking before removal from the mold or mold part.
(1) Note. The term "mode" as used herein includes (a) the
core or cores, (b) corelike elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (c)
conveying means serving to support a continuous casting while
said casting is still associated with the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for processes of incorporating a product-dividing member
during casting.
140 for apparatus to cast printing plates including means
for cutting or trimming the casting.
161 for apparatus for shaping a forming surface, e.g., mold,
including cutting or sweeping means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 52 for static mold employing a
static means to produce a groove or depression in the product
to facilitate breaking or cutting.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 161 for flash or sprue removal in a
plastic molding operation.
Subclass:
71.1
With vibratory treatment of casting material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process
directed to vibrating the casting material to effect an
internal change in the structure of the material, e.g., by
removing gases, inclusions, or by refining the crystalline
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for vibratory treatment of molding materials.
260 for apparatus which includes a treating or nontreating
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 558 for processes of treating
solid or semi-solid metal outside the mold with high
frequency vibration.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which
includes the step of applying a coating to the forming
surface before the metal is introduced to the surface.
(1) Note. A coating coming within the scope of this
subclass is one which merely perfects the casting operation
but does not itself shape the material, e.g., to lubricate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for process of forming a coating or lining on the mold
shaping surface which functions to retain and shape the work
during the casting operation.
57.1 for processes including the coating of a mold surface
with alloying material.
138 for particular materials utilized as mold coatings or
linings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.22, for mold
coating compositions.
249, Static Molds, subclass 114.1 for static molds including
a coating or adherent layer.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 133 for processes of mold
coating, per se.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Process wherein
the coating produces a gas during the casting operation.
(1) Note. The gas may be produced by a chemical reaction,
e.g., burning, decomposition, etc., or by vaporization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55.1 for processes of incorporating gaseous constituents in
the casting material.
66.1 for processes of forming an inert or reducing gaseous
atmosphere.
473 for continuous casting processes incorporating an
addition or agent in a melt system.
475 for continuous casting processes with an inert or
reducing gas atmosphere.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process in
which a preformed base member has applied to it a coating to
provide a layered product.
(1) Note. The coating must remain as a product part or
layer subsequent to the operation of this class to be
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
100 for preconditioning of a preform by a coating operation
where the coating does not remain as part of the final
product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 527.3 for processes of casting with a subsequent
coating step.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 134 for processes of coating a workpiece before a
nonmetallic molding operation.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for coating
processes, per se.
Subclass:
76.1
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which
includes an operation which, by itself, is neither an
operation of this class nor a perfecting step of an operation
of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 527.1 for a combined casting and
manufacturing process wherein the manufacturing step is
performed after removing the cast product from the mold.
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 2 for combined casting,
working and heat treatment operations.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
liquid metal is placed into a mold, a layer of metal is
solidified on the mold surface, and the excess liquid is
removed from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 302 for slush casting type processes for
nonmetallic material.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a unit is incorporated into the product during the metal
casting which provides a fracture or division plane to
subdivide the product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 52 for static molds employing a
static means to produce a groove or depression in the product
to facilitate breaking or cutting. Subclass 84 for static
mold providing for a unitable preform which functions as a
partition means.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a substance is randomly incorporated into the metallic
material to produce a porous product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 415 for processes of
producing a metal product which has a mass of pores.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 41 for processes of producing porous nonmetallic
bodies.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, subclass 2 for processes
for making porous articles from metal powders involving
pressure and heat.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 613
for metallic stock which is porous.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the metallic material is introduced into the shaping area in
solid form.
(1) Note. The solid metallic material may either be
introduced initially into the mold or may be added to a
molten charge already in the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.1 where an alloying material is added to the melt as a
solid.
473 for continuous casting processes incorporating an
addition or agent in a melt system.
495 for processes of using a solid consumable electrode.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the shaping surfaces is a molten or liquid layer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 298 for casting nonmetallic material on
a liquid surface.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the product contains at least two distinct parts or portions
which are movable relative to each other and which are joined
by the shaping operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for process of forming a mold and incorporating a product
part therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 434 for processes of assembling with
retention of a clearance for motion between assembled parts.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 242 for similar operation when molding
nonmetallic material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 591
for metallic stock material having components capable of
limited relative movement.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process of
making multi-layered articles by forming a metal onto a
preform or casting two or more metals into contact with one
another.
(1) Note. A composite article must have at least two
distinctive zones of metal of the same or different
materials. If solids of the same metal or different metal are
incorporated into cast molten metal and such lose their
identity this is not a composite for this and indented
subclasses.
(2) Note. Included herein are those operations where two or
more metal preforms are united by fusing a portion of the
metal to provide a joint between them.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for process of shaping mold material wherein the product
part is embedded in or surrounded by shaped material.
23 for process of making composite, plural part or
multi-layered mold.
55.1 for processes of producing layer article by
incorporating an addition or chemically reactive agent in the
casing material.
461 for continuous or semicontinuous casting processes of
forming a composite product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 428 for processes of assembling
or joining in mechanical manufacturing operations, and
subclass 527.3 for casting and coating manufacturing steps.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 36 for processes for fusion bonding
of glass to a formed part.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 241 for processes of producing composite, plural
part or multi-layered articles wherein the molding material
is nonmetal; however one or more parts, portions or
components of the composite may be metal, e.g., process of
uniting two spaced metal preforms is in subclass 261.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 5 for powder metallurgical
processes with sintering for forming plural metallic layers
or parts.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 615 for a
metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its
components.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for
producing semiconductor junction material even when using a
Class 164 operation.
Subclass:
92.1
Repairing or restoring articles for use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein
a worn, damaged, or used article is restored for reuse in a
similar capacity without altering or destroying the overall
configuration of said article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 402.01 for processes of mechanical
repair.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 36.1 for processes of repairing or restoring
nonmetallic articles for reuse by molding operations,
especially subclass 36.18 for articles containing inorganic
materials.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of
forming a composite article wherein two or more different
metals are poured into a mold simultaneously and wherein at
least two of said metals are temporarily separated by a
barrier means which is removed either physically or by
melting same to allow said metals to come into contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes of co-molding metals into direct contact.
99 for processes of co-molding metals and uniting to a
preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 260 for co-molding plural fluent
nonmetal materials and uniting to preform.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of
forming a composite article by sequentially casting molten
metal.
(1) Note. The sequentially cast molten metal(s) may be cast
onto and in contact with the previously cast metal or may be
separated from one another by some preformed portion, part or
component of the composite article.
(2) Note. The metals cast may be of the same or different
materials; however, if the metals cast are the same material,
the prior cast metal must be cooled and solidified, i.e., act
as a preform, before the subsequent metal is cast.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for processes of forming mold by separately molding
different mold portions.
90 for processes of forming interconnected movable parts,
e.g., chain links, universal joints, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 225 for a process involving at
least two applications of filler material to effect a single
joint. Successive depositions of filler material may involve
deposition of successive strata one upon the other as well as
successive depositions on opposite sides of the joint.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 250 for processes of separately molding different
article portions where the material molded is other than
metal; subclass 308 for incremental layer molding of
nonmetal.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Process of
forming composite article by casting two or more metals of
different composition sequentially.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein
at least two of the cast different metallic materials are
maintained stratified although in a liquid condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 where simultaneously molten materials are also cast
simultaneously.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein
the composite is formed by uniting plural nonindividually
handled pieces with the molten metal.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein
the composite article is formed by shaping the metal onto a
self-sustaining body.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein
two or more different metals are simultaneously introduced
onto a shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for co-molding processes wherein a temporary partition is
employed.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process which
includes a step of treating a preform body prior to
compositing.
(1) Note. A treatment step involves, e.g., cleaning the
surface of the preform of foreign matter such as scale, oil,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for process of coating of a workpiece before
compositing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 458 for processes of mechanically
assembling and/or joining of previously coated parts.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 208 for metallurgical bonding
combined with application of a bond facilitating metal
coating.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 265 for process of preconditioning of a
preform in nonmetallic compositing operations.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 30 for powder
metallurgical processes for making products including
sintering and also including significant pretreatment of the
powder prior to compacting or sintering; and subclasses 62+
for similar processes not utilizing heat.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Process of
treating the surface of the preform with some chemically
reactive agent.
(1) Note. Although chemical treatment may result in the
surface layer of the preform being chemically changed, such
treatment does not involve a separate coating which acts as
the bonding medium.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process
wherein the chemical treatment involves the application of a
layer of flux.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 for a process of coating a preformed workpiece where the
coating remains as a part of the final product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, 23 for fluxing compositions.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 223 for a process utilizing flux
materials in a noncasting metallurgical bonding operation.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Process of
raising the temperature of the preform prior to casting the
molten metal thereon.
(1) Note. The preheating may be by open flame contacting
the preform surface or by hot fluid.
(2) Note. Preform may be heated directly on the bonding
surface or a face opposite the bonding face.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for a process of in situ reactive heating during
formation of a composite.
121 for a process of preconditioning of apparatus including
preheating.
338.1 for means to apply heat to a mold.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process
wherein the preheating is accomplished by means of a heating
material in the liquid state which contacts either the
preform or the mold.
(1) Note. Preheating of the preform by means of the cast
material which makes up part of the product is included
herein only if it is specifically claimed as such.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process
wherein the preform is positioned in a mold when preheated.
(1) Note. Processes are included herein of heating a mold
prior to casting wherein the preform is incidentally or
purposely heated.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein
the cast metal acts upon the preform to reshape it while
maintaining the preform's integrity either by the casting
pressure or by the forces set up during cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 266 for simultaneous shaping of
nonmetallic material and reshaping a preform body.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein
a preform is united to a cast metal to perfect the cast metal
by treating rather than to provide a united article as such.
(1) Note. By treating is meant a change in the physical or
chemical properties of the cast metal.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process of
making a composite and unitary product by joining together a
plurality of preforms or two spaced areas of the same preform
with cast metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for mold shaping processes utilizing a final preform part
or material as a part thereof.
333 for apparatus to position plural preforms in a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for uniting
surfaces by a metallic filler without shaping of the filler
by a molding surface.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Process of
forming a composite article by joining together a plurality
of planar laminar preforms positioned in substantially
parallel planes to one another and at least partially
coextensive.
(1) Note. The preforms may be spaced from one another or in
contact with one another.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Process
wherein at least two separate preforms are united into
contacting relation by the casting.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process where
the preform has depressions therein or projection therefrom
which cause the molten metal to mechanically lock with the
preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 343 for cutlery implements in which
the handle is cast onto the blade tang.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 274 for processes of embedding a preform
provided with means to provide an interlock with nonmetallic
molding material.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process of
positioning the preform relative to a forming surface prior
to casting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for process of shaping a forming surface and embedding a
product part therein
231 for core shaping apparatus including means to position
preform product part.
236 for patterns having insert supporting means.
332 for apparatus including means to position a preform part
in the shaping area.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the material is forced against the shaping surface by a force
other than gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for a process of applying explosive pressure directly to
casting material.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process
wherein the material is impelled radially outwardly against
the forming surface by rotation of the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for apparatus for centrifugally shaping a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 311 for processes of utilizing
centrifugal force in shaping nonmetallic material.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process
wherein two or more speeds of rotation are maintained during
the centrifugal casting.
(1) Note. Merely increasing or decreasing rotation to a
desired speed is not considered plural speeds for this
subclass.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process
wherein the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation is
varied between the time of charging of the material and
ejecting the product.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process
wherein the charge of material is introduced incrementally
along the axis of the mold during rotation.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process
wherein the centrifugal mold has applied to it a thermal
differential source.
(1) Note. The source to be intended for inclusion herein
must be other than ambient.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for processes in general of temperature control during
solidification.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process
wherein the forming pressure is provided by a fluid acting
directly on the casting material.
(1) Note. The casting material itself is not included as a
fluid within the meaning of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for processes employing a vacuum.
66.1 for processes utilizing a special inert or reducing
gaseous atmosphere.
475 for continuous casting processes including an inert or
reducing gas atmosphere.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process
wherein a compaction of the material is accomplished after
the primary casting material is against the forming surface
by a separate and distinct force from that used to introduce
the material.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the apparatus is treated or readied for casting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14 for processes of forming a mold and coating the surface
with treating material.
55.1 for processes of incorporating an addition or
chemically reactive material into casting material.
72 for processes of coating-treating a mold.
149 for means lubricating apparatus parts.
158 for apparatus cleaning means.
473 for continuous casting processes including a step of
incorporating an addition or agent in a melt system.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the freezing of the metal is regulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for processes of heating or cooling centrifugal molds.
297 for centrifugal casting apparatus having coolant means.
338.1 for a mold with a heating means.
348 for a mold with a cooling means.
352 for a sand mold having a metal chill.
443 for apparatus for cooling a continuous casting.
486 for processes of applying liquid to a continuous
casting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 111 for static molds employing a
solid heat conductor or insulator.
Subclass:
122.1
Unidirectional solidification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process
wherein an unidirectional temperature gradient is established
along a mold to cause progressive solidification of molten
metal within the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for
growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of
materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in a mold
proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys
which are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper
for Class 117.
Subclass:
122.2
Single crystal formation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process
which includes propagating a single crystallos:graphic grain
of metal within the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for
growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of
materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in a mold
proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys
which are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper
for Class 117.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process
wherein the regulation is effected by the addition of a
separate layer of a heat barrier material to the free surface
of the melt after casting.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process
wherein the regulation is effected by the application of a
gas or flame to the cast material itself.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process
wherein the solidification is varyingly controlled by two or
more simultaneous different rates of heat loss.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Process
wherein the heat removal is effected by use of an applied
liquid.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Process
wherein the differential dissipation of heat is effected by
means of an insert or mold section placed at the mold surface
or embedded in the mold to provide a zone of greater heat
absorption.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process
wherein the solidification and heat removal is effected by
use of an applied liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for utilizing a cooling liquid to obtain a differential
dissipation of heat.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
two or more separate and distinct articles are produced by
the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for a sand type mold having plural article forming
cavities.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Process
wherein the articles are produced one after the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for apparatus including plural molds moving in an
endless mold circuit.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the produced product is separated from the surface of which
it was shaped.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents claiming, per se,
stripping operation, i.e., not including a forming
operation.
(2) Note. Included herein are generally patents which
include a unique article removal operation. Numerous patents
which are directed to a particular casting operation will
also disclose or claim a removal operation. Such patents are
cross-referenced here only where the evidence shows the
article removal operation to be nonconventional.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for a shaping apparatus having means to eject product.
401 for strippers or ejectors, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 334 for processes of stripping nonmetallic
articles from molds.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Process
wherein the surface is that of a separate mold part used to
form an opening or cavity in the product, i.e., core.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
the material to be cast is handled with either a regulation
or directionalization of the charge or a physical treatment
of the charge.
(1) Note. The mere teeming of metal into a mold is not
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for shaping apparatus including ladle or crucible type
receptacle.
362 for a sand mold having means to restrict turbulence of
flow during casting.
437 for continuous casting means having means to distribute
the charge.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process
wherein the treatment results in a separation of some
material from the charge, e.g., filtering.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358 for a sand mold with a strainer means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for processes and apparatus for solid-liquid
separation.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process
wherein the charge is brought into the shaping cavity as two
or more separate flows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for a process of simultaneously introducing plural
different metal streams into a mold.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process
wherein the control or manipulation is accomplished by a
changing orientation or position of the shaping surface,
introduction means or some portion of these members.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
two or more members of a mold are brought into operative
casting relationship.
(1) Note. Included herein are generally patents which
include a unique mold assembling operation. Numerous patents
which are directed to a particular casting operation will
also disclose or claim a mold assembling operation. Such
patents are cross-referenced here only where the evidence
shows the mold assembling operation to be nonconventional.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a particular material is used as a coating, lining or mold in
the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for process of shaping a forming surface by lining.
72 for processes of coating the mold before casting.
520 for process of shaping particular mold materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for mold or coating compositions.
249, Static Molds, 112 for static molds employing a
removable or movable liner. Subclass 114.1 for static molds
employing a coating or adherent layer.
427, Coating Processes, 133 for processes of coating, per
se.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for casting a surface capable of conveying
intelligence or design by reproducing in printed form, e.g.,
type and stereotype plates.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for apparatus specially adapted for casting a backup
member to a preformed electrotype shell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 21 for apparatus for finishing
stereotype plates.
199, Type Casting, for apparatus for casting elements or bars
of a printing form.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for electrolytic apparatus for forming electrotype
plates.
249, Static Molds, for static stereotype molds, particularly
subclass 138 for pivotable type stereotype molds.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclass 309 for
apparatus for planing a concave surface such as the surface
of a stereotype plate.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
including means combined with the casting means for cutting
or trimming the cast plate while said casting is associated
with the mold or a portion of the mold.
(1) Note. The term mold as used herein includes (1) the
core or cores, (2) core-like elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (3)
conveying means serving to support a continuous casting while
said casting is still associated with the molding means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for forming apparatus including a product cutting or
trimming means.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
which includes a separate container for fluidizing or
maintaining fluid for the casting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 for forming apparatus combined with a ladle or
crucible.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus with
means for metering or controlling the flow of molten cast
material from the melting chamber to the casting chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for injection shaping apparatus having a valved mold
gate.
337 for forming combined with flow control conduit means
intermediate the mold and receptacle.
Subclass:
143
Apparatus under subclasses 520+ which include a means
applying pressure to introduce the casting material into the
shaping member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for pressure forming means.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
including a mold with additional heating or cooling means
therefore for treating or conditioning the metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338.1 for a mold including a heating means.
348 for a means including a means to apply a coolant
thereto.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus
which includes means for separating or withdrawing the cast
printing plate from the shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for a mold including means to eject or separate a
product.
401 for strippers or ejectors, per se.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes means for (1) directly applying
magnetic forces to material which is to be a part of the
product, e.g., metal charge, insert, etc., or for (2)
applying the magnetic forces to move or position the shaping
parts.
(1) Note. To be included in (2) supra, the force to move
the shaping part has to be generated by a magnetic force
although it may be indirectly applied through mechanical
linkages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492 for processes of directly applying magnetic energy to
work.
Subclass:
147.1
By electromagnetic means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus
directed to means for applying electromagnetic energy
directly to the apparatus parts or to the work material.
(1) Note. A disclosure or recitation of electromagnetic
means whether applied to the shaping member, in a circuit,
used as a switch, or as an element for any function in the
apparatus is included herein.
Subclass:
148.1
For holding or assembling shaping parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147.1. Apparatus
wherein the electromagnetic means positions, clamps, or
brings into operative relation, portions of a forming
structure.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means to apply a lubricant between
moving apparatus parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for process of coating-treating a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, apparatus subclasses for lubricating
apparatus.
Subclass:
150.1
WITH SIGNAL, INDICATOR OR INSPECTION MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means for visual, auditory, or tactile
annunciation or recording of a condition therein, or means
permitting observation of a portion thereof normally hidden
from view.
(1) Note. Included herein are the indicia type indicators
for imprinting reference symbols in the cast product.
(2) Note. Included herein is an apparatus having a
particular condition intended to be interpreted by human
intelligence.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, for a mechanical signaling
device, per se.
249, Static Molds, subclass 53 for static molds including a
static gage, level, plumb, or level markings.
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
an electrically powered indicator, per se; see particularly
815.01 for a visual indicator, subclasses 384+ for an
audible indicator, and subclass 407 for a tactile indicator;
subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive
indicating systems.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 139 for a thermometer
for molten metal.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Apparatus
wherein the means is an indicator to quantitatively show
fluid pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 626 for
electrical automatic fluid pressure responsive indicating
systems.
Subclass:
151.1
Including speed sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting the velocity of the product, melt,
or any component of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 488 for a device to measure speed
or acceleration.
Subclass:
151.2
Including position or spatial dimension sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting (a) the location of a component or
product therein, (b) the relative placement between any two
components or between a component and a product therein, or
(c) the lineal extent of a component or product therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 483 for straight edge rules.
Subclass:
151.3
Melt level sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151.2. Apparatus
having means for detecting the height of liquid metal
therein.
(1) Note. The liquid metal detected may be in the source
(e.g., tundish, etc.), the mold, or any component of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290, particularly subclasses 305+,
for a device for measuring liquid level using a float.
Subclass:
151.4
Including thermal sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting a process parameter related to
heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy, heat
capacity, etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, particularly 45 for a
device to determine a non-thermal property from a thermal
measurement.
Subclass:
151.5
For detecting or predicting breakout of continuous casting
strand:
This subclass is indented under subclass 151.4. Apparatus
having means for detecting a failure or imminent failure of
the shell of a continuous casting strand to contain the
molten center.
(1) Note. See the GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting strand."
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means to prevent injury to workman or
apparatus in event of malfunctioning or in the operation of
the apparatus or a portion thereof.
(1) Note. Means which merely function to aid or promote the
comfort of the operator are not considered to come within the
scope of this subclass.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus
wherein the safety means prevent damage to the apparatus in
the event of malfunctioning.
(1) Note. Means which are used to allow each cycle of the
machine to be completed as scheduled are not considered to be
safety means responsive to a malfunctioning since they are
actuated in the performance of every complete cycle.
Subclass:
154.1
CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO OR ACTUATED BY MEANS SENSING OR
MEASURING A CONDITION OR VARIABLE (I.E., AUTOMATIC CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having means to regulate the operation thereof
influenced by means monitoring a process parameter of the
apparatus.
(1) Note. A patent need not claim the monitoring means to
be classified hereunder, so long as it claims the regulating
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151.5 for an apparatus having means to indicate a failure or
imminent failure of a continuous casting strand.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, for a servo motor
and controller, per se.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 1-89 for computer controlled
systems or methods, generally, and subclasses 197-205 and
subclasses 207-212 particularly for control systems related
to molding and melting, respectively.
Subclass:
154.2
Responsive to position or spatial dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is (a) the location
of a component or product therein, (b) the relative placement
between any two components or between a component and a
product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or
product therein.
Subclass:
154.3
Responsive to rate of change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.2. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location
or size of the product, melt, or any component of the
apparatus with respect to time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 488 for a device to measure speed
and subclasses 861+ for a device to measure volume or flow
rate.
Subclass:
154.4
Continuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.3. Apparatus
which produces a continuously cast product.
(1) Note. See GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting."
Subclass:
154.5
Continuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.2. Apparatus
which produces a continuously cast product.
(1) Note. See GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting."
Subclass:
154.6
Responsive to thermal condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is related to heat
(e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy, heat
capacity, etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, particularly 45 for a
device to determine a nonthermal property from a thermal
measurement.
Subclass:
154.7
Continuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.6. Apparatus
which produces a continuously cast product.
(1) Note. See GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting."
Subclass:
154.8
Responsive to pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is force per unit
area applied to the melt, the product, or any component of
the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 700 for a fluid pressure gauge.
Subclass:
155.1
Control of feed material enroute to shaping area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus
wherein the operation regulated is the delivery of a
substance comprising (a) molten metal or additives therefor
to a mold or (b) sand, binder, or other additives therefor to
a mold forming means.
Subclass:
155.2
Responsive to material level:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is the fill height of
the substance in a supply (e.g., tundish, etc.), a mold, or
any component of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 612 for condition
responsive indicating system responsive to material level.
Subclass:
155.3
Responsive to pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus
wherein the parameter monitored is force per unit area
applied to the melt, the product, or any component of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 700 for a fluid pressure gauge.
Subclass:
155.4
Responsive to position or spatial dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is (a) the location
of a component or product therein, (b) the relative placement
between any two components or between a component and a
product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or
product therein.
Subclass:
155.5
Responsive to rate of change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.4. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location
or size of the product, melt, or any component of the
apparatus with respect to time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 488 for a device to measure speed
and subclasses 861+ for a device to measure volume or flow
rate.
Subclass:
155.6
Responsive to thermal condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus
wherein the process parameter monitored is related to heat
(e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, etc.) of the melt,
product, or apparatus, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, particularly 45 for a
device to determine a non-thermal property from a thermal
measurement.
Subclass:
155.7
Responsive to weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus
wherein the parameter monitored is the gravitational force on
the melt, the product, or any component of the apparatus, per
se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for a
device to measure a condition derived from a weight
measurement.
177, Weighing Scales, for means to measure weight, per se.
Subclass:
156.1
Including electrode or float sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.2. Apparatus
including means for detecting the process parameter
comprising either an electrically conductive probe or a
buoyant means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290, particularly subclasses 305+,
for a device for measuring liquid level using a float.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a means independent of the apparatus work
performing parts, which allows a set time period to elapse
during an apparatus operation.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including positive means for removing undesirable
material from a mold making or metal casting apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for cleaning of general
application.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for a liquid contact process or apparatus for
cleaning.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus for shaping a mold, pattern or core device.
Subclass:
160.1
Including means applying vacuum directly to mold material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
including means for directly applying a suction to work
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253 for casting apparatus including vacuum means.
Subclass:
160.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 160.1. And means to
apply consumable shielding film to shaping surface: Apparatus
including an impervious consumable membrane adhered onto a
particulate shaping surface by the applied suction.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
including mold forming means in which material is removed by
the operation of a moving sweep, strickle, profile pattern or
cutter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for mold shaping processes utilizing a pattern as a
compaction means, e.g., profile pattern, etc.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus
which includes means specially adapted to remove material for
forming a sprue or riser in a mold structure.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus
having means for removing surface material from the core as
it is being rotated.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus
wherein a revolvable pattern or pattern part is utilized as
the sweeping member.
(1) Note. A rotary cutting tool which shapes the mold is
not considered a pattern or pattern part to be encompassed
herein.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus with
means specially adapted for shaping thin mold sections of
resin-sand mixtures, i.e., shell molds.
(1) Note. Depending upon the extent of unsupported shell
sections and the gravity head of the liquid or molten casting
metal, the shell may be externally backed up with steel shot,
sand or similar material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for shell molding processes of spraying mold materials
against a shaping surface.
361 for shell molds.
526 for processes of shaping fluent mold material containing
resin.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus
which includes plural distinct stations, e.g., dispensing,
for compacting, curing oven, ejection means, etc., for
performing manufacturing operations upon the shell molds
being formed.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus for
shaping a mold in combination with means for introducing
casting material to the mold.
(1) Note. Found herein are apparatus and plants for molding
in which there is an alleged combination between mold making
and metal casting.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Apparatus
which includes assembling means for operatively positioning
formed mold sections or parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339 for a mold including assembling means.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
wherein the mold shaping operation is performed by pressure
means which function to ram pack or compress the mold
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses, for presses.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for means for shaping
plastic or fluent material, especially 376.1 for an
extrusion molding machine, subclasses 406+ for a press
molding machine, and subclasses 425+ for the combination of a
female mold and a tamper or vibrator; see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus with
resilient pressure exerting means for effecting compaction of
the mold forming material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 65, for static molds having an
inflatable element.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus
directed to utilizing plural contiguous or plural independent
diaphragms members.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
wherein two or more pressing heads are utilized in shaping
the mold material.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Apparatus
wherein the rammers are powered by fluid pressure means.
(1) Note. The pressure does not have to be directly applied
to the rammer but may be transmitted through a mechanical
linkage.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus for
shaping cores by forcing the material through a die orifice.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
wherein the mold material is impelled radially outwardly
against the forming surface by the rotation of the surface.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus for
forming hollow cylindrical molds which are to be used as pipe
molds.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Apparatus
wherein the compacting force is effected by a motive pattern
member.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus
wherein the compacting action is effected by (1) rotation of
the pattern member or (2) rotation of the flask as the
pattern member is progressively advanced therethrough.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus
wherein a rotating former or pattern is utilized to form
beads at the end of the pipe mold.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
including means operable for relatively drawing mold parts
from the shaping member after compaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for apparatus having withdrawing means without
compacting means.
401 for, per se, withdrawing means.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
including a distinct withdrawing station subsequent to the
compaction station.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
directed to means adapted to separate a pattern from cope and
drag members where the pattern is situated intermediate said
members and wherein said means effects a parallel draw of
cope and pattern respectively from each other and the drag.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
directed to a machine with means for turning the pattern,
flask or shaping member.
(1) Note. The inverting means may serve a dual function,
i.e., invert the shaping member and also effect the
withdrawal operation or may only serve to deliver the shaping
member to the withdrawal station.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for a press molding machine having an invertible table.
224 for molding apparatus having an inverting means.
402 for, per se, means for inverting a pattern for
stripping.
409 for, per se, means for turning a pattern plate or mold
around a horizontal axis.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus
wherein the inverting means rotates the entire mold machine,
i.e., the press head as well as the mold supporting unit.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus
characterized by having the frame that inverts the pattern
plate oscillatorily supported about an axis located to one
side.
(1) Note. The above apparatus is to be distinguished from
the roll over type machine characterized by having a frame
that carries the pattern plate, oscillatorily supported about
a substantially central axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for vibrating compaction machine of the roll or rockover
type.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
wherein the shaped forming surface is a core member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
228 for core shaping means, per se.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
wherein the pattern member acts as the primary compressing
member in shaping the forming surface, i.e., the shaping or
compacting force is transmitted through or by the pattern
member.
(1) Note. The pattern surface acts as the parting surface
during the withdrawal.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Apparatus
having a plate that fits accurately around the pattern and
through which the patterns are drawn either by moving the
pattern supports down or by raising the plate and the mold
half upwardly free from the pattern.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
which includes a vibrator for facilitating the withdrawal or
separation.
(1) Note. The vibrating means found herein generally
perfect the drawing operation and usually are combined with
another withdrawing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for molding apparatus including vibrating or rapping
separation means.
260 for general apparatus with vibrator means.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
having a plate member that fits accurately around the pattern
and supports the sand of the shaped member during withdrawal
of the pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for molding apparatus including stripping plate
separation means.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus
having means for vertically downwardly displacing the pattern
member from the shaped surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 for molding apparatus having a drop pattern support
separating means.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
which includes means for dispensing discrete charges or
portions of mold forming materials into a flask or receptacle
under the influence of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
handling fluent material.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for fluent material
dispensing apparatus.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus
which includes means for discharging a predetermined quantity
of mold forming material into a flask or receptacle.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus
including separate and distinct means for charging a mold
forming means with molding material and means for compacting
the mold material.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
having two or more dynamic mold compaction means identifiable
as separate units each doing a complete operation of a
different kind, e.g., mold pressing means combined with mold
vibrating means, blow molding means combined with mold
vibrating means, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for processes of compacting mold materials utilizing
diverse pressure applications.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus
comprising press forming means combined with means to shape
by vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
203 for a vibrating compaction.
207 for a press molding means.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus
wherein the compacting means includes a pressure member which
exerts a vibratory force in addition to a pressing type
force.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
having means operable for mechanically slinging wads of sand
at high velocity onto the shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for processes of shaping a forming surface by spraying or
slinging mold material.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus with
a swinging arm including the slinging means which can be
positioned above any portion of the flask or receptacle.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
comprising means utilizing a gaseous pressure discharge
assistant for projecting mold forming material against a
shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for blow type molding processes.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
including means for relatively positioning the blow chamber
and shaping member for operational engagement.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
combined with a perforated element to (1) distribute the
gaseous pressure medium or (2) distribute the mold forming
material just prior to contact with the shaping surface.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
wherein the compacting operation on the mold forming material
is performed by means effecting a vibrating, jarring or
jolting action upon the mold forming material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for plural compacting means including vibrating, jarring
or jolting means.
260 for subject matter of this class combined with vibrator
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 108 for agitation by vibration.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus
including a static rammer means which cooperates in the
compaction of the mold forming material.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus
wherein a pattern supporting frame is either oscillatorily
supported about an axis located to one side of the machine,
i.e., rock over type, or oscillatorily supported about a
substantially central axis of the machine, i.e., roll over
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for rock-over and roll-over type compacting machines
which include a pattern withdrawal means.
209 for a press molding machine with an invertible table.
224 for shaping apparatus having inverting means.
375 for a rock or roll-over flask.
402 for stripping means including pattern inverting means.
409 for, per se, means of inverting a pattern member.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus
having fluid pressure actuator means for effecting the
vibrating, jarring or jolting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for apparatus of this class including fluid pressure
actuated vibrator means.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus
employing a dynamic pressure member for shaping the mold
material.
(1) Note. Apparatus included herein is either a press
machine or press members to be employed therein. A machine
is an apparatus which follows a mechanical law defined by its
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for hand held pressure applying mold shaping members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for residual processes
and apparatus for subjecting material to compressive forces.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
wherein the press member has an annular compacting surface
which is rotated.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in
which a planar surface which holds the work is capable of
being turned over.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for mold shaping apparatus having means to invert the
pattern, flask or shaping member.
409 for means for turning over a pattern member.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
comprising a single plunger co-acting with individual molds
of a group successively presented by movable mold shaping
member support means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for processes of shaping molds sequentially.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
wherein the pressure platen is pivoted for displacement
transversely of the compressing direction to a nonuse
direction.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus
including fluid pressure means moving a mold shaping member
in an oscillatory or reciprocatory movement, generally to
provide engagement with a substantially stationary rammer
member.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
having means to effect a withdrawal of the shaped mold part
from the mold shaping member or vice versa.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for compacting means including withdrawal means.
401 for stripper or ejectors, per se.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
which includes means for withdrawing the cope from the
pattern and the pattern from the drag in parallel relation by
a true rectilinear movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for compacting means including means for withdrawing
pattern member intermediate the cope and drag.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
having means which effect withdrawal of the pattern by a
rotational movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for a rotatable or pivotal pattern plate associated with
a flask member.
247 for a rotatable or pivotal pattern, per se.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus
wherein the pattern member has a helical thread or groove.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 59 for nonsand type static molds
which produce a helical or threaded type product.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
including a plate member surrounding the pattern which
functions to maintain the mold material during withdrawal of
the pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
190 for apparatus for compacting mold materials including a
stripping plate for facilitating withdrawal of the pattern.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Apparatus
directed to means for withdrawing the pattern vertically
downwardly from the shaped member.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus
directed to means for withdrawing a pattern which effect an
equal and parallel draw motion to the pattern with reference
to at least two points.
(1) Note. The withdrawing force must be applied to at least
two points and does not include those means in which the
force is applied at a single point and the pattern merely
guided along parallel lines.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus
wherein a stool is utilized to support a section of the mold
inside the stripping plate during the withdrawal of the
pattern member.
(1) Note. The stool generally supports a green sand core
during the withdrawing of the pattern member.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus
directed to utilizing lever and link means to effect a
withdrawal of the pattern member.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
wherein a plural movable part pattern is utilized as the
shaping member.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with
means for drawing a mold shaping member from a mold with or
without lifting the mold or stripping the pattern in which
the operation is facilitated by means vibrating or rapping
the shaping member or work piece either before or after the
drawing operation commences.
(1) Note. Included herein are apparatus having devices
adapted to be vibrated and to communicate vibrations to the
shaping member, per se.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
including means for inverting or turning the mold shaping
member upside down or vice versa to facilitate the withdrawal
operation.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus
which includes means for holding the flask and pattern while
the mold is being formed and which will be capable of drawing
the pattern downwardly from the mold.
(1) Note. Generally the pattern is mounted on reciprocal
pattern head means for positioning and stripping the
pattern.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with
ejector pin means for contacting the mold part to effect a
lifting of the mold part from the shaping member or vice
versa.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with
means for separating the mold shaping member from the mold by
lifting the latter off the shaping member, in which the
shaping member has no movement during the mold lifting
operation.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
comprising means defining a forming surface in which cores
are shaped.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein the core shaping means includes an indicia or
character forming member.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus with
a preform part, located therein, which is to become
integrated with the core member during the shaping of the
said member.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus
wherein the preform part is to be incorporated into the final
cast product.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein the core shaping means is comprised of plural movable
parts which are adapted to produce a cavity or undercut
portion in the core member.
(1) Note. Mere vent forming means are not considered means
for forming a recess or cavity within the scope of this
subclass.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
directed to a split core mold or box which is hinged on one
side.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
which includes means defining venting passages in the core
box or means for forming vents in the shaped core member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for vents or vent forming apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus
comprising a forming element, i.e., pattern or part of
pattern, for shaping a mold.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is adapted to support an insert or
chill.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in
combination with a container or box without top and without
fixed bottom for confining mold material in which the same is
being shaped.
(1) Note. The flask may either consist of (1) the cope, (2)
the drag or (3) the cope and drag.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus
wherein the pattern or pattern holding member is supported by
apertures in the flask wall or flask supporting member, e.g.,
follow board, etc.
(1) Note. The flask supporting member may be a plate or
follow board upon which the flask walls and pattern rest,
e.g., a flask supported on a follow board having an aperture
in which the pattern rests would be encompassed herein.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is (1) a match pattern plate or (2) the
pattern is temporarily or permanently supported by the plate
or board during the mold shaping operation.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is rotatable or pivotable with respect to
the flask.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
including plate means for temporarily or permanently
supporting patterns and parts of patterns during molding
combined solely with the patterns themselves.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus
which include gate former means attached to the pattern -
match plate proper.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus with
a cope pattern located on one side of the pattern plate and a
drag pattern located opposite said cope pattern on the other
side of the plate, said apparatus being an integral unit.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
which includes means for forming a sprue, gate or runner in
the mold.
(1) Note. The means for forming the sprue, gate or runner
is generally attached to the pattern.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus
wherein the pattern means is particularly adapted for
producing undercut parts in the mold.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is formed of destructible material.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is adapted to be withdrawn solely by
nonlinear movement, e.g., screw type pattern.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
wherein the pattern is composed of at least two parts which
are relatively separable.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus for
patterns defined in terms of a series of materials whether or
not other structural features of the pattern are recited.
Subclass:
250.1
MEANS TO DIRECTLY APPLY ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes means to apply an energy quantity
directly to work material either as (a) wave energy in the
frequency spectrum above the lower audio frequency range,
(i.e., fifty cycles per second), or (b) an electric field or
force.
(1) Note. In order for radiant energy to be placed herein,
the radiant heat must be specifically claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for processes of direct application of electrical or wave
energy to work.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means for (1) exhausting or partially
exhausting air or other gas from the work material, (2)
directly applying a vacuum or suction to work material either
in a melting furnace, material receptacle, or before, during
or after charging of the work material into a shaping member,
or (3) applying vacuum or suction to the apparatus or
portions thereof for positioning, retaining or aligning of
parts.
(1) Note. The application of the vacuum or suction may
perform a dual function, e.g., exhaust air or other gases
from the mold or work material and also effect movement of
the work material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for process of utilizing a vacuum.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Apparatus
wherein the vacuum or suction is directly applied to molten
casting material.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Apparatus
wherein the vacuum is applied to the casting material through
a vent or minute openings in a mold wall.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Apparatus
which includes means for directly applying a vacuum or
suction in a closed system encompassing a receptacle and a
casting mold.
(1) Note. The closed system may include a melting furnace,
an intermediate charging chamber and a casting chamber and
the vacuum or suction may be applied in all or any one of
them.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus with
vacuum or suction means for feeding the molten metal into the
charging chamber receptacle.
(1) Note. The vacuum or suction effect may be created by a
pressure cylinder which operates to force the molten metal
from the charging receptacle to the mold.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus
wherein the closed system includes a melting chamber
receptacle.
(1) Note. The recitation of a melting furnace without
claimed heating means is sufficient for this subclass.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means for providing a special inert
or deoxidizing atmosphere.
(1) Note. To be within the scope of this subclass, the
inert or deoxidizing atmosphere must be claimed as such.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.1 for processes of applying an inert or reducing gaseous
atmosphere to work.
475 for continuous casting processes including a reducing
gas or inert atmosphere.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus combined with means for effecting a vibratory
motion.
(1) Note. "Vibratory" includes any form of reciprocating or
oscillating jarring motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for processes of vibrating while continuously casting.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus
wherein the vibrator means is actuated by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes casting means combined with means
for cutting or trimming the casting while it is associated
with the mold or a portion of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 52 for static molds employing a
static means to produce a groove or depression in the product
to facilitate breaking or cutting.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus
which includes continuous casting means combined with
severing means.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus
wherein a gate forming member severs a gate from the cast
product.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus
directed to rod or punch means which are actuatable to sever
the casting from the gate portion.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a means to chemically purify an ore
or combined metal to produce a metal value.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes for producing metals.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for
refining apparatus.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 1 for chemical
processes of obtaining metal containing compounds from
mixtures.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a means to apply a layer to a base
by a coating operation which base and layer are to be a
composite product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for coating
apparatus.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Apparatus
wherein the base is a continuously cast product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for apparatus for casting metal onto a running
indefinite length base.
472 for processes of lubricating continuous casting molds.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a means for placing, conveying or
otherwise moving in a nonmanufacturing manner the product or
product portion of a casting operation after the product or
product portion has been separated for the shaping surface.
(1) Note. Merely ejecting or removing the product from a
mold will not bring the patent to this subclass. The
manipulation must be more than a mere perfecting of the
casting operation.
Subclass:
270.1
COMBINED:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes a means to perform an operation
which is, per se, not of this class and is not a perfecting
means for an operation of this class.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus wherein such apparatus provides a surface to impart
a shape to molten metal as it freezes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for molding apparatus for
shaping or reshaping fluent or plastic material not elsewhere
provided for; especially see 78 for means for molding
powdered metal.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for stock
materials, e.g., of indefinite length, which are all metal or
have adjacent metal components.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
wherein a means is employed to shape molten metallic material
by peripherally confining, or engaging with a surface only a
relatively small portion of the body of molten material, but
shaping the entire body by moving it across the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 21.1 and 142+ for processes and
apparatus respectively for particulate bead or ball making.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 5 for molten metal comminuting and solidifying
processes.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 332 for a ball former comprising means imparting
a rolling action to a discrete charge of nonmetallic
material.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
wherein the means shapes by a force other than gravity.
(1) Note. The term pressure shaping includes all force type
operations of bringing the metal into contact with a shaping
surface, e.g., centrifugal force, kinetic force, fluid
pressure force, etc., except those operations where the only
force is the static head of the casting material acting
through a riser or gate, i.e., gravity force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for processes of applying pressure to material in a
mold.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus
which includes a means for generating a gaseous product to
provide the pressure shaping force.
(1) Note. The gas is generally produced by a chemical
reaction or by volatilization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for processes of shaping liquid metal against a forming
surface utilizing an explosive force.
307 for manually operated pressure generating means for
charging molten metal.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus
where the means shapes by centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for processes of centrifugally casting metal.
451 for continuous or semi-continuous casting processes
utilizing centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 360.1 for liquid
centrifugal extractors.
249, Static Molds, 137 for a centrifugal mold.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 425, for molding apparatus utilizing mold
motion (e.g., centrifugal molding, etc.), to shape a
nonmetal.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which includes means to compensate or correct a weight
differential across the axis at rotation.
(1) Note. To be included herein, a balancing means does not
have to be adjustable, e.g., it may be a permanent mass
diametrically opposite a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289 for molds which may disclose the counterweight.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 573 for flywheels
and rotors with balancing means.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which includes means to present a preformed article part for
compositing by centrifugal force.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
wherein a forming cavity is positioned so that the axis of
rotation for centrifugal formation does not extend through
it.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
wherein two or more separate product forming cavities are
employed.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
having means to accommodate or neutralize deformations in the
dimensions of the apparatus during the casting operation.
(1) Note. Included herein are apparatus constructions which
are specifically determined to prevent warpage or expansion
deformations from being detrimental even though a separate
member or compensator is not provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for molds having expansible walls in continuous casting
apparatus.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
having means to detachably force fasten either (1) mold parts
together or (2) a mold in the rotating device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, for clamping work holders, per se.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 292. Apparatus
wherein a clamp is actuated by the centrifugal force.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which includes means to stop or slow the rotating mold.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which includes means to strip the casting from the forming
surface.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
having plural cavities extending around the axis of rotation,
each of said cavities forming a separate product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
290 for centrifugal molds having plural radially disposed
molds.
322 for plural independent molds.
350 for sand molds having plural article forming cavities.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which includes means to apply to a mold or product a material
to extract heat therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for means to apply coolant to a mold or casting.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
wherein a mold is adapted to be centrifugally turned around a
generally horizontal axis.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus
which includes a feeding channel extending along at least a
portion of the axis of rotation inside the mold.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus
wherein the trough is enabled to turn around the axis of the
horizontal mold.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus
wherein the trough is enabled to change its position along
the horizontal axis of the mold during the filling of the
mold.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus
which include a separate shaping member which forms an
aperture in the product.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus
wherein the pressure acts upon a body of the charge to force
it into a confined shaping area to be shaped by said
pressure.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus
wherein a stopper or cutoff means is present in the feed port
of a mold for closing the opening.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for a process of controlling the introduction of liquid
metal against a forming surface.
142 for apparatus for casting printing plates including a
melting chamber having a valved gate.
337 for means to shape metallic material including a ladle
or crucible type melt receptacle having flow control means.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus
which includes means specifically provided for facilitating
the removal of gas in the article forming cavity proper or
the introduction port thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for processes of shaping liquid metal against a forming
surface utilizing a vacuum.
254 for casting apparatus of this class having means to
apply vacuum or suction directly to the molten casting
material.
410 for vent or vent forming apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus
wherein the injection means includes means to apply a gas
pressure directly to the casting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for processes of shaping liquid metal against a forming
surface by direct fluid pressure.
285 for pressure shaping apparatus including a pressure gas
or pressure vapor generator.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus
which includes a hand manipulated producer for the pneumatic
charging pressure.
(1) Note. Included herein are those patents wherein muscle
power is utilized in generating the pneumatic pressure
force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 for manually operated pneumatic pressure generating
means for applying secondary pressure.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus
which includes a cover member for a mold holding means which
makes a gas tight closure and contains a port through which
the pneumatic charging pressure is introduced.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus
wherein the pneumatic pressure means forces the metal
directly from a melting unit or part thereof to the casting
cavity.
(1) Note. Apparatus is included herein where a nozzle
acceptor or charge form the melting unit but remains at least
partially submerged in the molten metal of the unit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
316 for casting apparatus of the hot chamber type which
utilizes a piston-cylinder charger.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Apparatus
which includes means to accept and separate a charging
portion from the bulk source.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus
which includes a charging chamber and spout having provision
for introduction of the charge through the ejection end of
the spout, i.e., through the spout port that contacts the
mold gate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336 for means to shape metallic material which includes a
rotatable or dipper type dispenser.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus
wherein the injection means comprises a piston operating
through a cylinder directly on the fluid casting material.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus
which include at least two pistons which have opposed
pressure faces which act to inject the casting material.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus
wherein the piston is operated by liquid pressure.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Apparatus
wherein the hydraulic piston is controlled by a single valve
having three or more flow lines with an actuator arranged so
as to determine the relative order, duration or flow through
each of the several flow lines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 625 for fluid handling systems
employing a multi-way valve.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus
wherein the piston means forces the metal directly from a
melting unit or charge chamber to the casting cavity.
(1) Note. Apparatus is included herein where the charge is
first segregated into a charging chamber while in the melting
area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for apparatus wherein direct pneumatic charging means
forces the metal directly from a melting unit to the casting
cavity.
335 for means to shape metallic material including a ladle
or crucible type melt receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for dispensing means
in general.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Apparatus
wherein the pressure piston has an opening through which to
convey pressurized metal towards the mold.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Apparatus
which includes a fluid pressure operated piston-charger.
(1) Note. The piston may be directly operated by the fluid
pressure or the operating force may be generated by fluid
pressure and transmitted by mechanical linkages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for a cold chamber type fluid actuated piston charger.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus
wherein the pressure shaping means is a solid member which is
applied to the metal after it is in the mold or otherwise
confined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for a process of applying direct fluid secondary
pressure to confined metal.
120 for a process of applying pressure after the
introduction of metal into a confining means.
284 for means to apply a pneumatic secondary pressure force
to confined metal.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Apparatus
wherein the pressure means is an element which applies a
pressure acting in a radially outward direction from a cavity
in the product.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Apparatus
which includes a fluid pressure actuated piston compression
means.
(1) Note. The inelastic compression member may either be
directly or indirectly actuated by fluid force.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
which includes two or more molds which do not rely upon each
other for shaping a complete product and are not filled by
the same sprue, gate or runner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for process of shaping fluent material to sequentially
form discrete molds.
129 for a process of casting plural articles.
167 for mold shaping including metal casting means.
296 for centrifugal casting means having plural mold
cavities.
350 for sand type molds having individual mold cavities for
forming plural products which are filled by a common sprue,
gate or riser.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 81 and 119+ for static type
molds having a community feature.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Apparatus
which includes means to change the loci of the molds.
(1) Note. To be included herein the mold must leave one
locus for another. Mere movement at one locus is
insufficient, e.g., moving mold parts together, tilting of a
mold, etc.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
wherein the molds are moved, one after the other, in a
circuit.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus
wherein the moving means is a rigid structure carrying the
molds in a generally circular circuit around its axis.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Apparatus
wherein the table or wheel is mounted to turn around a
vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, 20, for
horizontal power driven tables.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Apparatus
wherein the molds have two or more shaping parts which are
moved relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for a mold assembling processes of this class.
168 for mold shaping and assembling means including metal
casting means.
339 for means to shape metallic material including means to
assemble mold parts.
364 for a sand type shaping surface comprised of separable
parts.
377 for a flask or flask section having size adjustable
features.
384 for plural part flask or flask sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 155, for a static container type mold
having a size adjustable feature, subclasses 160+ for a
static container type mold having plural mold sections and
subclasses 184+ for a plural section static core member.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus
which includes a cam surface which effects the relative
movement of the separable parts.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus
wherein the molds are moved in their circuit by a flexible,
endlessly linked carrier.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus in
which the serial molds each are made of two or more parts
which are relatively movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for mold assembling processes of this class.
168 for mold shaping and assembling means including metal
casting means.
339 for means to shape metallic material including means to
assemble mold parts.
364 for a sand type shaping surface comprised of separate
parts.
377 for a flask or flask section having size adjustable
features.
384 for plural part flask or flask sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 155 for a static container type mold
having a size adjustable feature, subclasses 160+ for a
static container type mold having plural mold sections and
subclasses 184+ for a plural section static core member.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus
which includes a mechanical member which contacts the mold or
product to separate the cast product from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for means to shape metallic material including product
ejection means; and the search notes thereto for apparatus of
this class including ejector means.
404 for, per se, means to separate a cast product from a
shaping member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 66.1, for static type molds
including product ejecting means.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
which includes means for holding or positioning a preformed
part, which is to become a part of the final cast product, in
a mold during the casting operation.
(1) Note. To be included in this and indented subclasses
the preform must be disclosed as a desired element of the
product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for process of shaping a forming surface within which is
embedded a preform which is to become part of the final
product.
98 for processes of forming a composite article wherein a
preform is incorporated into the metal cast, particularly see
subclass 112 for methods of positioning a preform relative to
the shaping surface.
228 for means of pressure casting including means to hold or
position a preformed product part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 83 for static molds means providing for
uniting a preform with the metal being cast.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 259, for processes of shaping and uniting material
other than metal to a performed product part. See subclasses
275+ for processes of positioning or maintaining position of
preform relative to mold surface.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus
having means for positioning plural preform bodies in a mold
cavity.
(1) Note. The plural preforms may be in contact or may be
in spaced relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for process of shaping a forming surface within which is
embedded plural preform bodies which are to become an
integral part of the final product.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus
having means other than the mold (core) surface for
supporting or holding the preform body.
(1) Note. A mere clamp, e.g., a device integral with or
abutting a molding surface which also aids in supporting the
preform, is not considered to be "other" support means.
(2) Note. A separate and distinct means employed to support
a preform in a particular location within the mold cavity
where said means becomes a part of the cast product is
considered to be within the scope of "other" support means
and is included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 91 for static type molds including means
other than the mold surface for supporting a preform body in
the mold cavity.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
including a receptacle or container for holding and/or
dispensing the molten material into a shaping member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for vacuum systems including a melt receptacle.
437 for continuous casting means having means to dispense or
distribute a metal charge.
311 for front loading nozzle type pneumatic injection
machines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, for dispensing type metal ladles.
249, Static Molds, 105, for permanent-type shaping surface
having static filling means.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus
wherein either (1) the melt receptacle is rotatable together
with the mold to fill same or (2) a ladle, which removes a
portion by dipping from a larger melt receptacle, turns over
to dispense the charge into a mold.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus with
either a flow controller or conduit means located
intermediate the mold and the molten metal dispenser for
effecting discharge of the material into the mold.
Subclass:
338.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Including
means to heat mold:Apparatus including means to heat the
mold.
(1) Note. The heating means may be integrated within the
metal-shaping surface or external thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for processes of preconditioning a preform by preheating
said preform to perfect the bonding between it and the metal
cast.
121 for processes of preconditioning apparatus by heating.
122 for processes of controlling solidification by heating.
144 for heating means combined with means for casting
printing plates.
250.1 for means to directly apply electrical or wave energy
to work including for heating purposes.
492 for processes of heating molten metal by electrical or
wave energy while forming said metal against a shaping
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 79 for a static metal mold
having electric heating means; and subclass 80 for static
metal mold having means within mold body to confine heat
exchange medium.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 402 for processes of heating nonmetal cast
material by direct application of electrical or wave energy;
and subclasses 319+ for processes of applying heat to a
nonmetal cast material which is shaped against a forming
surface.
Subclass:
338.2
In situ chemical reactive heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Apparatus
wherein the means to heat the mold includes chemically
reactive material contained in some portion of the mold
body.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
which includes means for positioning or maintaining mold
parts in operational relationship before or during casting.
(1) Note. The assembling means may encompass machine
elements for effecting and maintaining mating mold parts in
working engagement or may merely encompass means for
positioning a cope and drag assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for processes of assembling mold parts.
168 for mold shaping and assembling means combined with a
metal casting station.
292 for centrifugal casting means having mold or mold part
clamping means.
374 for mold flasks, per se.
377 for size adjustable flasks.
385 for plural part flasks having alignment means.
394 for mold jackets or slip boxes, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 106, for plural part metal molds having
assembly means.
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a "clamp"
means, per se, to grasp or draw portions of a mold or flask
either together or onto a base or support.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus
wherein the assembly means are for effecting placement of a
core section into operational engagement with a mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for process of shaping a composite mold structure wherein
the position of the core is maintained relative to the mold.
370 for a sand type shaping surface including a core with
integral aligning means.
397 for core centering or supporting means, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 177 for a core element of that
class including means to attach the core to a support.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus
having additional means for locking the assembled mold parts
in operational engagement.
(1) Note. The locking means may cooperate with the assembly
means but must be in addition thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 167 for plural mold sections
having removable means to maintain assembly including a clamp
means and subclasses 168+ for plural mold sections having
fastening means.
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus
wherein the mold parts assembled consist of permanent
members.
(1) Note. A permanent mold is one which is reusable several
times and is generally constructed of metal.
(2) Note. Sand resin mold structures, e.g., shell molds are
not considered permanent mold structures to be placed
herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303 for injection pressure shaping means.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Apparatus
wherein fluid pressure actuated means effects the positioning
of the permanent mold parts into assembled relationship.
(1) Note. The fluid pressure may act either directly or
indirectly upon the mold parts.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
including means to remove or withdraw a cast product from a
forming surface or vice versa.
(1) Note. The removal or withdrawal may be with respect to
a mold or core or both.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for processes of removing a product from a forming
surface.
145 for means of stripping cast printing plates.
180 for means to withdraw mold parts after shaping a forming
surface.
213 for means for separating mold from shaping member
subsequent to its formation.
295 for means to remove product from centrifugal casting
means.
401 for means, per se, to eject or strip product from
shaping surface.
441 for apparatus means for continuous or semi-continuous
casting including a product withdrawal means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 66.1, for metal shaping surface
including means to remove or release product from said
surface; subclass 136, for static mold with a bottom movable
through upstanding mold walls to aid product removal;
subclasses 178+, for internal mold means (core) including
means to contract core thereby aiding its removal from a
product and subclass 183, for flexural shaping surface means
which characteristic aids in product removal.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 334, for processes of separating non-metal molded
article from shaping surface.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus
having means for separating a core from the cast product.
(1) Note. The apparatus found herein may also effect
removal of the cast product from the mold in addition to
performing a core removal operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
132 for processes of core removal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 63 for a static mold including a core and
means to remove the core.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Apparatus
wherein the core means utilized is constructed of sectional
or plural parts to facilitate removal from the cast product.
(1) Note. The plural parts of the core may be movably
attached and thusly collapsible or may be composed of loose
pieces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
369 for a sand type shaping surface including a core
member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 178 for expansible and/or contractible
metal cores and subclass 184 for plural section cores.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus
wherein push element means, e.g., ejector pins, are utilized
for contacting the cast product and affecting separation from
the forming surface.
(1) Note. The ejector pins may or may not be an integral
part of the forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for ingot stripping pin means, per se.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
including means to apply coolant to mold or casting or means
within its surface to confine a heat exchange medium.
(1) Note. Coolant means may be integrated within the mold
body or external thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for processes of controlling solidification,
particularly subclasses 126 and 128 for processes of
utilizing a cooling liquid.
144 for printing plate casting means having auxiliary
cooling means.
297 for means to apply coolant to centrifugal casting
means.
443 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means having a
casting material cooling means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 79, for permanent type static metal mold
having means within its surface to confine heat exchange
medium; and subclass 111 for static mold including solid heat
conductor, e.g, chill.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
wherein the shape imparting surface is composed of particles
which retain their individual identity and are bonded or
adhered to one another.
(1) Note. The shaping surface in this and indented
subclasses are static, i.e., the shaping surface does not
move in any way, once they are assembled, in order to effect
shaping of the cast metal.
(2) Note. By the term "sand" is meant granular particles
resulting from the breakdown of rocks. Sand particles have
refractory characteristics. The term includes "silica sand"
from quartz and other siliceous rocks which comprises 50 to
95 per cent of the total material in any molding sand;
specially sands such as zirconite and olivine. Also included
are other particular material such as carbon, clays, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for means to make shell type molds.
169 for means to shape molds from particulate materials.
348 for sand mold including cooling means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, for metal molds having a sand coated
shaping surface. The sand coating takes the shape of the
metal mold and does no shaping, per se.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
wherein the sand type shaping surface has more than one
cavity for forming a separate and distinct product.
(1) Note. The plural cavities are filled through a common
sprue.
(2) Note. The products produced may be totally different in
design.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for plural independent molds not filled through a common
sprue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 119, for plural article forming static
nonsand type molds.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Apparatus
having an inner removable core in at least one of the mold
cavities.
(1) Note. The combination of a mold and internal core is
found in this class so long as one of the elements is
composed of sand.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for process of forming plural part shaping surface and
positioning core relative to a forming surface.
98 for process of forming a composite article by embedding a
preform in or surrounding it with cast metal, e.g., a metal
tubular core of one composition could be positioned in a sand
mold and metal of a different composition cast therearound so
as to form a tubular product.
302 for centrifugal casting means including a core means.
340 for apparatus means to position core within a mold.
345 for means to eject core from mold after casting has
solidified.
348 for core member having coolant means therein.
365 for plural separable part molds, e.g., sand molds
comprising a cope and drag and numerous cores, in which
intricate shapes are cast such as radiators and crankshafts.
369 for sand cores, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 63, for metal mold including
core; subclasses 142+, for metal mold having inner removable
core for forming recess or opening in the material cast;
subclasses 175+, for metal cores (internal molds), per se.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 271.1 process of shaping plastic
material and embedding preform therein.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
comprising a shaping surface and metal chill combination.
(1) Note. A metal chill may be embedded within the
sand-type shaping surface or on the surface thereof. In the
latter case, the chill aids in shaping the cast metal. In
the prior case the chill acts merely as a heat conductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 material introduced into mold as a solid where, e.g., the
purpose is to avoid shrinkage.
98 process of casting metal into contact with preform within
the mold cavity and embedding the preform within the shaped
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 111, for nonsand type static mold
having solid heat conductor or insulator.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Apparatus
where the metal chill is a part of the sand-type shaping
surface.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Apparatus
wherein the shaping surface of which the chill is a part is a
surface which shapes an internal portion of a product.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Apparatus
wherein two or more spaced chill sections act as part of the
shaping surface.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Apparatus
wherein the shaping surface comprises a metal chill which is
annular and has a hole which shapes a portion of a product
intermediate its ends.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 57 for static molds which
produce a ring type product.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Apparatus
wherein the chill is incorporated within the cast metal
product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for process of making sand mold wherein product part is
embedded in the mold material.
80 for process of molding metal wherein material, e.g., a
consumable chill, is introduced into the mold as a solid.
107 for process of making a composite article wherein a
preform is a chill member.
127 for processes of casting wherein a chill member is
utilized to effect localized or zone heat dissipation.
236 for chill supporting pattern members.
371 for chills, per se, if the chills are used as a means to
shape metallic material.
412 consumable chills, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 111 for a static nonsand mold
including a chill member.
Subclass:
358
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
having apertured filter means for preventing the inclusion of
unwanted components, e.g., dross, dirt, oxides, etc., in the
cast product.
(1) Note. The strainer element to be included herein must
have three or more apertures or openings.
(2) Note. The apertured strainer element may be located in
the gate, runner, sprue or riser portions of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for processes of casting utilizing a vacuum.
134 for processes of casting including the step of
separating an unwanted component from the melt.
254 for casting apparatus having means for applying vacuum
directly to the molten casting material.
337 for casting apparatus including a melt receptacle having
flow control means intermediate the receptacle and mold.
362 for a sand type shaping surface having nonapertured
segregating means for separating unwanted components from the
molten cast metal.
Subclass:
359
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
having means to provide a reservoir of molten metal for
feeding into the mold cavity proper as the metal in the mold
solidifies to compensate for liquid shrinkage.
(1) Note. The reservoir, e.g., riser, hot top sink head,
etc., must be designed to furnish additional metal to the
mold cavity proper after the teeming has ceased.
(2) Note. In a top pouring mold the sprue, gate and riser
are often integrated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for processes of making patterns which may have a riser
shaping portion.
80 for processes of controlling pipe by insertion of solid
metal into the mold as the cast metal solidifies.
120 for processes of pressure casting involving a secondary
pressure application to densify the cast metal.
122 for methods of controlling solidification of the cast
metal.
162 for apparatus means for shaping risers.
244 for pattern means to shape sprue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 82 metal mold having means to
adjust mold volume during molding, subclasses 105+ for static
filling means in contact with mold cavity, and subclasses
197+ for sink head or hot top, per se.
Subclass:
360
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Apparatus
wherein the feeding reservoir, i.e., riser, does not extend
to the mold surface.
(1) Note. Generally the blind risers are closed to the
atmosphere by a cap or plug, however, the blind riser may be
vented.
(2) Note. The blind riser may be positioned intermediate
the mold cavity proper and the sprue.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
wherein the shaping surface is a thin shell-like mold formed
from thermosetting resin-bonded sand mixtures.
(1) Note. Generally the shell mold consists of two or more
parts, i.e., cope and drag.
(2) Note. The shell mold may be externally backed up with
steel shot, sand, or similar material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for processes of shaping shell type molds by spraying
resin containing particulate material against a shaping
surface.
165 for shell type molding machine to shape a forming
surface.
520 for processes of shaping shell type molds.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
having runner or gate splash and swirl control means, e.g.,
runner bushes, runner traps, etc., for providing laminar flow
of the molten metal into the mold cavity proper.
(1) Note. Included herein are molds with gates and runners
having specific geometrical shape for reducing flow
turbulence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for processes of introduction control or manipulation of
charge.
244 for combination pattern means including means to shape a
sprue, gate or runner.
337 for metallic shaping means combined with a melt
receptacle having flow control or conduit means intermediate
the receptacle and mold.
358 for a sand type shaping surface including an apertured
strainer means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 105 for metal mold including static
filling means, e.g., see subclass 107 for inlet communicating
with plural feeding passages; and subclass 206, for a splash
control for a static nonsand type mold.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
wherein the runner for feeding the molten metal into the mold
cavity proper is located at or near the bottom of the cavity
or is constructed so as to feed the metal in a substantially
horizontal flow path into the cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
242 for gated patterns match plates.
244 for pattern means including means to shape gate.
304 for injection casting apparatus having a valved gate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 109 for nonsand static molds
having material inlet to cavity at or near the bottom of
cavity.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
comprising a multipart shaping surface which parts are
relatively movable.
(1) Note. A shaping surface having merely a cope and a drag
is subject matter for these subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 64 for metal mold having plural
cores; subclasses 142+ for permanent container type molding
apparatus having an inner removable core; and subclasses 160+
for container type molding device having plural mold
sections.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Apparatus
wherein one of the separate parts is a member to be
positioned in a mold to provide a product cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for centrifugal casting means including core means.
351 for a mold having a core within each of a plurality of
molding cavities.
369 for sand cores, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 63 for nonsand type static mold
including core and means to remove the core; and subclasses
142+ for nonsand type static mold including a removable
core.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Apparatus
wherein the core contains and at least partially surrounds an
element which aids in strengthening or holding the core, sand
or aids in positioning the core relative to a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
379 for flasks having means to reinforce or retain mold
sand.
397 for core centering or supporting means, per se.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Apparatus
wherein the embedded component is hollow.
(1) Note. The component must be hollow when the core member
is functioning as a core in a molding operation to be
included herein.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Apparatus
wherein there is included either (1) two or more individual
cores or (2) a core which has two or more separable parts.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus
wherein the shaping surface is a member which is to be
positioned in a mold to provide a product cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for processes of maintaining position of core while
shaping a composite, plural part or multilayered mold from
fluent mold material.
228 for means to form sand cores.
302 for centrifugal casting means including core means.
340 for means to position core within an assemble of mold
parts.
345 for means to shape metal material having in combination
means to eject the core from the product.
351 for sand mold having a core within each of a plurality
of molding cavities.
365 for separable part shaping surface (including plural
part cores) where one element is a core.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 63 for metal molding including metal core
means; subclasses 122+ for container-type metal molds for
forming plural articles including a core; subclasses 142+ for
container-type molding device having inner removable core;
and subclasses 175+ for static, nonsand type cores.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus
having means integral with the core so that it can by those
means be positioned in a certain way within a mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for a core having embedded sand reinforcing or
supporting component in a shaping surface assembly.
397 for core centering or supporting means, per se.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
directed to a, per se, member which forms a part of the mold
shaping surface and which has a heat conductivity much
greater than that of the remaining parts of the mold.
(1) Note. A chill for this subclass must be disclosed for
use in a sand-type shaping surface and must aid in the actual
shaping of the cast material.
(2) Note. The chills found herein generally comprise a
formed metal shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 for process of compositing by shaping metal and uniting
to a preform which is utilized to chill the cast metal.
127 for a casting process employing a chill member to
control solidification.
138 for a casting process utilizing a particular shaping
surface material.
348 for metal shaping apparatus including particular means
to apply coolant.
352 for sand-type shaping surface in combination with a
metal chill.
412 for a, per se, chill member which does not form a part
of the mold shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 111 for static nonsand molds
including a chill.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the chill has openings in its surface to allow gas to
escape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for vent or vent forming apparatus.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 371. Apparatus
wherein the chill surface is in continuous arcuate form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for a sand type shaping surface including an annular
chill member.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus directed to a container or box for confining mold
material while the same is being shaped.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 for patterns combined with flasks.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus
which includes a means facilitating oscillatory movement of
the flask about an axis through the flask or at one side of
the flask.
(1) Note. Hinged superposed flasks are not considered
subject matter for this subclass, see subclasses 392+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for rock-over and roll-over type compacting machines
which include a pattern withdrawal means.
205 for a vibrating molding machine with roll or rock-over
feature.
209 for a press molding machine with an invertible table.
224 for shaping apparatus having inverting means.
402 for stripping means including pattern inverting means.
409 for, per se, means for inverting a pattern or mold
member.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus
wherein the flask is one in which material for making a
precision-casting (last-wax or investment casting) mold is to
be contained therein.
(1) Note. An investment mold, which to be contained in the
type of flask of this subclass, is characterized by the mold
being formed around and embedding a destructible pattern.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for processes of forming molds wherein the pattern is
destroyed to remove it.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 54 for static dental type
molds.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus
wherein the flask includes means to change the dimensions of
the flask.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
392 for flasks having separable sides with various means to
join the sides.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Apparatus
wherein the adjustable feature of the flask part is for
varying the size of the vertical dimension.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus
which includes means to (1) help maintain the sand in the
flask (2) held strengthen the sand or (3) provide for
locating strengthening members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
411 for reinforcement, per se, for mold material.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Apparatus
where the sand mold retaining means is a strip at the base of
the flask section which overlies a portion of the mold
periphery.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Apparatus
wherein the sand strip is removable from the flask by a
structural element actuating the strip.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Apparatus
wherein the reinforcement is suspended and extends downwardly
in the flask.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Apparatus
wherein the retention of the mold sand is facilitated by
contiguous formations on or in the flask at the general
parting line between the sand mold proper and the flask.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus
wherein the flask or flask section is composed of more than
one separable part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
364 for plural separable part sand type shaping surface.
377 for plural part flask wherein parts are assembled to
vary size of the flask.
379 for flask including means to retain or reinforce mold
sand or to position reinforcement.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Apparatus
having means to aid in precise adjustment or correct relative
positioning of superposed flask section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for processes of assembling mold parts.
168 for means to shape a forming surface combined with metal
casting means including means for assembling shaped mold
parts.
339 for means to shape metallic material including means to
assemble mold parts.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus
which includes an actuatable means operable during or after
assembly to fasten the superposed sections and prevent their
relative vertical movement.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus
wherein the guide means is contained in the flask walls.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus
wherein the guide means are capable of ready change or easy
expansion to bring the flask or contraction part to a true or
more effective relative positioning.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus
wherein the guide means is composed of expansible or
contractable material.
Subclass:
390
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus
wherein the adjustability by means of a threaded fastening
member is variably positioned in a slotted member.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus
wherein the superposed flask sections are provided at a
common meeting edge with a pivot means to allow relative
swinging movement at the edge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
375 for flask having turn over means.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Apparatus in
which a flask section has a joint where the side parts are
not permanently attached to one another.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Apparatus
having a joint permitting motion in one plane between the
adjacent panel section.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus directed to a container or enclosure for
positioning around a sand mold to prevent the mold from
spreading or breaking down when molten metal is poured into
the cavity therein.
(1) Note. The mold jacket or slip box may function to align
portions of plural part molds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
374 for mold shaping flasks or flask sections.
411 for internal mold reinforcement members.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a "clamp"
means, per se, to grasp or draw portions of a mold or flask
together.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Apparatus
having means by which the size of the jacket can be altered.
(1) Note. The mold jackets and slip boxes found herein are
of the flexible or nonfixed type.
(2) Note. The size of the jacket or slip box may be altered
to adapt the same to molds having different taper or to
different size molds.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus
having panel walls thereof so joined together that they
individually adapt themselves to the surface on which they
are placed.
(1) Note. The panel walls to be self-adjustable must act
independent of the will of the operator.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus adapted for insertion in a mold to support or
position a core body relative to the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for means for shaping a composite core which includes
means for positioning a preformed part.
366 for separable part sand molds with a core having
reinforcement.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus
wherein the supporting or positioning means consists of a
member which extends from a core surface to a support surface
to space the surfaces.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Apparatus
wherein the chaplet is positioned by a portion extending
through the core surface or the supporting surface or by
means associated with the core and supporting surface.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus
wherein the core supporting means is intended to extend
inside the core and is constructed to allow a break down or
reduction in volume of the means.
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which has means to disassociate a shaping surface
from the shaped product.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents directed to apparatus
for stripping sand from flasks.
(2) Note. The shaped produce can either be a cast product
or a shaped mold structure.
(3) Note. Included herein is, per se, apparatus utilized to
disassociate a pattern or core member from a mold structure
by fluidizing or liquifying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for processes of destroying a pattern to disassociate the
same from a shaped mold.
44 for mechanical pattern withdrawal processes.
180 for mold material compacting apparatus having means for
withdrawing the forming surface from the shaping means.
213 for mold shaping apparatus including means for
separating the forming surface from the shaping means.
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus
including means for inverting a pattern or pattern plate
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for mold material compacting apparatus including an
invertible pattern and having pattern withdrawal means.
205 for vibratory mold material compacting apparatus of the
roll or rock-over type.
209 for a press type compactor having an invertible table.
224 for mold shaping apparatus having pattern inverting
means.
409 for, per se, means to invert a pattern plate or mold.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus
directed to fluid pressure means for stripping or ejecting a
pattern member.
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus
directed to per se means for stripping or withdrawing a cast
product part from a mold or core member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for a process of removing a cast article from a forming
surface.
344 for shaping apparatus including means to eject or
separate product from shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses for method and apparatus involving the
use of an agitating screen as the sole means for
disintegrating a sand mold or core, regardless of whether the
mold or core is in molding association with a casting or
flask.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
disintegrating a mold or core, not associated with a flask or
casting and not involving abrading or a sifting or other
assorting means.
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Apparatus
directed to means for stripping or withdrawing cast ingots
from their molds.
(1) Note. Means for stripping a cast ingot from an ingot
stool is included herein.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Apparatus
wherein pin or rod plunger means projecting through or
adapted to be projected through an opening in the mold bottom
are utilized to contact the cast ingot and to dislodge or
strip the said ingot from its mold.
Subclass:
407
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Apparatus
directed to means which strip the mold from the ingot by
raising or lifting the mold vertically upwardly away from
engagement with the cast ingot.
(1) Note. The molds stripped herein are generally of the
big and down type.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus
wherein fluid pressure actuated means effects the stripping
of the mold from the ingot.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus directed to means actuatable for inverting a
pattern plate shaping member or flask about a horizontal
axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for molding machines including withdrawal means having
means for inverting pattern, flask, or shaping member.
205 for roll or rock-over vibrator type molding machine.
209 for press type molding machines having an invertible
table.
375 for roll or rock-over flasks.
Subclass:
410
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes or consists of either (1) a means
for allowing otherwise trapped gases to escape from the
apparatus or (2) means to form such escape means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for core shaping means including a vent or vent forming
means.
372 for vented chills.
397 particularly subclass 400 for vented core supporting
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 141 for a static mold which
includes an auxiliary part for transmission of fluid, i.e.,
vent or drain.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus which includes or consists of a member which is to
internally support or strengthen the fluent material making
up a mold or core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for core reinforcement in a sand mold.
379 for a flask having means to reinforce the sand.
Subclass:
412
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus not provided for above.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass among other apparatus
are, consumable chills, mold weights, rapping plates and wear
inserts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 403 for a paper weight
and 404 for miscellaneous weights.
Subclass:
413
Control or product withdrawal means in continuous casting
apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus
wherein the means controlled includes means for removing a
continuously cast product from the mold.
Subclass:
414
Control of coolant applied to continuously cast product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Apparatus
wherein the means controlled applies an agent to remove heat
from a continuously cast product.
Subclass:
415
In continuous casting apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Apparatus
wherein the inert or deoxidizing atmosphere is provided in
conjunction with a mold means which forms a portion of a
product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the
product is removed from the mold.
Subclass:
416
In continuous casting mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus
wherein the vibratory motion is transmitted to a mold means
employed to form a portion of a product as a previously
formed contiguous portion of the product is removed from the
mold.
Subclass:
417
Including continuous casting apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270.1. Apparatus
including a mold means employed to form a portion of a
product as a contiguous portion of the product is removed
from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 414 and 449.1+, for continuous casting apparatus with
condition-responsive control means.
415 for continuous casting apparatus including means to
provide an inert or reducing atmosphere.
416 for continuous casting apparatus with means to vibrate
the mold.
417 for continuous casting apparatus combined with means to
perform an operation which is, per se, not of this class and
is not a perfecting means for an operation of this class.
452 and 460+, for continuous casting methods.
Subclass:
418
Continuous or semicontinuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus
wherein a mold means is employed to form a portion of a
product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the
product is removed from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 414 and 449.1+, for continuous casting apparatus with
condition-responsive control means.
415 for continuous casting apparatus including means to
provide an inert or reducing atmosphere.
416 for continuous casting apparatus with means to vibrate
the mold.
417 for continuous casting apparatus combined with means to
perform an operation which is, per se, not of this class and
is not a perfecting means for an operation of this class.
459 for continuous casting methods.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 67 for plastic filament-forming or film-casting
means comprising a shaping orifice discharging into a liquid
bath, and subclasses 224+ for means casting fluent stock on a
shaping surface with means to provide a continuous length
product.
Subclass:
419
Including means to convey preformed product part to mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
which includes a means to relatively advance a preformed
article part of the mold area.
(1) Note. Also included herein are those patents wherein a
means is included to convey a mold past a preform while
continuously forming a metal layer on the preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
268 for coating a continuously cast product outside of the
mold area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 171.1 for process of continuously forming
composite nonmetallic products.
Subclass:
420
Plural distinct shaping outlets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including either (1) plural mold means, or (2) means for
simultaneously forming a plurality of products.
Subclass:
421
Hollow casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
wherein the product formed contains a central cavity.
Subclass:
422
Rotary mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Apparatus
wherein the mold includes means enabling rotation about its
axis to thus form the central cavity by centrifugal force
upon the molten metal.
Subclass:
423
Filament or wire casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
wherein the product formed is a strand-like member.
Subclass:
424
Including shape-perfecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including means subsequent to the mold means for refining the
shape of a partially solidified product.
Subclass:
425
Including starter bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including means to initially close the mold exit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
445 for a starter bar, per se.
Subclass:
426
Disconnectable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus
wherein means are provided to enable the starter bar to be
separated from the product during the casting operation.
(1) Note. A starter bar is considered to be "separated from
the product" even though a part of the bar, or "head",
remains with the casting.
(2) Note. The separation must be performed prior to any
severing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for a disconnectable starter bar, per se.
Subclass:
427
Continuously advancing mold part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
wherein the mold means includes a shaping surface which moves
through, and out of, the casting zone.
Subclass:
428
Roll couple mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Apparatus
wherein a pair of similar revolvable cylinders provides the
moving shaping surface.
Subclass:
429
Endless shaping means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Apparatus
wherein the moving shaping surface is carried on or comprises
the outer peripheral surface of either (1) an annular or
cylindrical member, or (2) an endless belt or band.
Subclass:
430
Articulated segments (e.g., caterpillar type, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the moving shaping surface comprises a plurality of
flexibly connected rigid elements, which, when in abutting
relationship, define the shaping surface.
Subclass:
431
With plural belts of flexible material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Apparatus
including a plurality of endless bands, each of which
comprises a continuous strip of pliant material cooperating
with the flexibly connected rigid elements to define the mold
means.
Subclass:
432
Plural belts of flexible material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
including a plurality of endless bands, each formed of a
continuous strip of pliant material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
431 for plural belts of flexible material which employ
caterpillar-type shaping means.
Subclass:
433
Casting wheel and flexible band:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the endless shaping means includes an annular or
cylindrical member with a circumferential casting groove and
an adjacent endless band formed of a pliant material, wherein
the shaping area is defined by the groove and band.
Subclass:
434
With dispensing feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Apparatus
wherein significance is attributed to means for supplying
molten metal to the shaping area (e.g., adjustable tundish,
specific pour tube structure, etc.).
Subclass:
435
Having deformable mold wall or thermal expansion compensating
means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
wherein the mold wall, or a portion thereof, either (1)
yields to accommodate casting operation forces, or (2)
includes means specifically provided to accommodate
temperature reactive forces during the casting operation.
Subclass:
436
Adjustable mold size:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
wherein the cross-sectional area of the mold cavity may be
selectively varied.
Subclass:
437
Including means to dispense or distribute metal charge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including means to control or direct the supply of molten
metal to the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
449.1 for supply means controlled in response to a variable
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 591 for molten dispensers, per se.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 236 for discharging vessels
for molten metal which include means for treating the same.
Subclass:
438
Movable dispenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus
wherein the supply means is mounted for some form of movement
(e.g., ladle car, tilting tundish, etc.).
Subclass:
439
Mold contiguous with or within dispenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus
wherein the mold is mounted inside or in contact with the
supply means during the casting operation.
(1) Note. "Supply means" includes funnels or molten metal
reservoirs fixed to, or integral with, the mold.
Subclass:
440
Dispensing into horizontal mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus
wherein the molten metal enters and flows through the mold
means in a substantially horizontal direction.
Subclass:
441
Including product supporting or withdrawal means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including means subsequent to the mold means to remove or
hold the product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 for product withdrawal means controlled in response to a
variable condition.
447 for product-supporting or withdrawal means, per se.
Subclass:
442
Roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus
wherein the means to remove or support the product includes
an annular or cylindrical member which rotates and contacts
the product at points on its periphery.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
448 for product supporting or withdrawing rollers, per se.
Subclass:
443
Having casting material cooling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus
including means to positively apply an agent to remove heat
from the casting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
384 for means to apply coolant to a mold or casting
generally.
414 for means to apply coolant to a casting with control
means responsive to a variable condition.
Subclass:
444
Direct cooling of material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Apparatus
wherein the casting material is directly contacted by the
cooling agent.
Subclass:
445
STARTER BAR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means to initially close the exit of a
continuous casting mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425 for a starter bar in combination with a mold means.
Subclass:
446
Disconnectable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus
wherein means are provided to enable the starter bar to be
separated from the product during the casting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
426 for a disconnectable starter bar in combination with
mold means.
Subclass:
447
PRODUCT SUPPORTING OR WITHDRAWAL MEANS FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING
APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising means to remove or hold a product
subsequent to its formation in and while still connected to a
continuous casting mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
441 for withdrawal means claimed in combination with mold
means.
(1) Note. For original placement in this subclass, a patent
claim must recite a structural limitation (e.g., cooling
jacket, surface coating, etc.) which renders the support or
withdrawal means peculiar to the subject matter of this
class.
Subclass:
448
Roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Apparatus
wherein the means to remove or hold the product includes an
annular or cylindrical member which rotates about its axis
and contacts the product at points on its periphery.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for roller means claimed in combination with mold
means.
Subclass:
449.1
In continuous casting apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.2. Apparatus
which produces a continuously cast product.
(1) Note. See GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting.''
Subclass:
450.1
Including sensor comprising electrode or float:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus
including means for detecting the process parameter
comprising either an electrically conductive probe or a
buoyant means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290, particularly subclasses 305+,
for a device for measuring liquid level using a float.
Subclass:
450.2
Including radioactive sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus
including means for detecting the level of molten metal in
the supply, mold, or a component of the apparatus comprising
means responsive to alpha, beta, or gamma particle emission.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 308 for apparatus to inspect
solids or liquids including a radioactive source and
subclasses 336.1+ for invisible radiant energy responsive
electric signaling devices, per se.
252, Compositions, 625 for radioactive compositions, per
se.
976, Nuclear Technology, digests 410+ for devices to convert
radioactive energy into electrical energy.
Subclass:
450.3
Including thermal sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting a process parameter related to
heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, etc.) of the
melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 295 for a thermal device
to measure liquid level.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 54 for a device
to determine fluid volume from a thermal measurement.
Subclass:
450.4
Including optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus
having means for detecting the level of molten metal in the
supply or mold comprising light detection means.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents directed to the
detection of both endophotonic (i.e., light generated by the
melt or mold itself) and exophotonic (i.e., light generated
by an external source) energy.
(2) Note. A patent claiming control of feed material in
response to detection or recognition of an image related to
the melt or mold is classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 293 and 323+ for a
device to measure liquid level using illumination or sight
glass.
382, Image Analysis, appropriate subclasses for image
recognition or processing, per se.
Subclass:
450.5
Including magnetic sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus
including means for detecting the level of the substance in
the supply, mold, or component of the apparatus comprising
means for detecting variation in a local magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 290 for a device to
measure liquid level.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 200 for a device,
or subcombination thereof, to sense or indicate the sensing
of a magnetic field.
Subclass:
451
Of continuous or semicontinuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process
wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or condition
determination is performed in conjunction with casting a
product removed from a molding surface as a further
contiguous portion is cast.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
415 for continuous casting apparatus provided with inert or
reducing gas atmosphere means.
416 for a continuous casting mold provided with vibrator
means.
417 for a continuous casting apparatus combined with other
structure not provided for in this class.
418 for continuous or semicontinuous casting apparatus, per
se.
447 for product supporting or withdrawal means utilized for
continuous casting apparatus.
459 for continuous or semicontinuous casting processes
without measuring, testing, inspecting, or controlling
steps.
502 for continuous or semicontinuous casting apparatus
including means to apply magnetic forces.
505 for continuous or semicontinuous casting apparatus
utilizing means to apply electrical or wave energy to work
material.
Subclass:
452
And regulating an operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process
wherein a detected variation in a casting parameter is
utilized to affect an operation or effect a change to an
operation in response to the variation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for casting processes controlling solidification.
144 for apparatus for casting printing plates including
positive mold cooling means.
154.1 for casting apparatus provided with responsive control
means.
157 for casting apparatus provided with control means
responsive to an independent timer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 864.01 for measuring and testing
samplers or tollers for measuring liquid in a receptacle.
Subclass:
453
Pouring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process
wherein the effected operation or change includes the
delivery of molten metal to a shaping or casting area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for processes of casting including an introduction
control or manipulation of charge step.
488 for continuous or semicontinuous casting processes
provided with a specific molten metal pouring step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 590 for processes of dispensing
molten metal.
Subclass:
454
Product withdrawing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process
wherein the effected operation or change includes removing a
continuously cast product from a molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
441 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means including
a product supporting or withdrawal means.
447 for a product supporting or withdrawal means for a
continuous casting apparatus.
Subclass:
455
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process
wherein the effected operation or change includes an
application of an agent to remove heat from a shaping surface
or a continuously cast product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means having
casting material cooling means.
458 for casting processes provided with measuring, testing,
or inspecting steps including a cooling step.
485 for continuous or semicontinuous casting processes
provided with specific mold or product cooling steps.
Subclass:
456
During foundry sand treating or mold making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process
wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or condition
determination is performed while foundry mold material is in
the process of being either (a) shaped, or (b) treated (e.g.,
recycled).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for processes of shaping a forming surface.
Subclass:
457
During feeding of metal to mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process
wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or condition
determination is performed in conjunction with the
introduction of solid or liquid metal into a mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for casting processes provided with a charge
introduction or manipulation step.
437 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means provided
with means to dispense or distribute a metal charge.
449.1 for casting apparatus provided with control means
responsive to material level in a continuous casting
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for processes of
charging or discharging devices in electric furnaces.
Subclass:
458
During cooling of mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process
wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or condition
determination is associated with the removal of heat from a
shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means provided
with casting material cooling means.
485 for continuous or semicontinuous processes provided with
a specific mold or product cooling step.
Subclass:
459
Continuous or semicontinuous casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein
a portion of a cast product is removed from a forming mold or
surface as a further contiguous portion is cast.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 for continuous casting apparatus provided with product
withdrawal control means.
414 for continuous casting product coolant control means.
415 for continuous casting apparatus provided with inert or
reducing gas atmosphere means.
416 for a continuous casting mold provided with a vibrator
means.
417 for a continuous casting apparatus provided for means
other than a perfecting feature or specifically provided for
in a class other than 164.
418 for continuous or semicontinuous casting apparatus.
447 for a product supporting or withdrawal means in a
continuous casting apparatus.
449.1 for a continuous casting apparatus provided with
responsive control means responsive to material level.
502 for continuous casting apparatus including means to
directly apply magnetic forces.
505 for continuous casting apparatus provided with means to
directly apply electrical or wave energy to work.
Subclass:
460
Including product cutting or breaking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Processes
which includes the step of finishing the cast product by
mechanically cutting or breaking the cast product while a
contiguous portion thereof is still associated with the
forming mold.
(1) Note. Refer to Class 164, class definition, References
to Other Classes, in the reference to Class 29 for the line
between Class 29 and Class 164.
(2) Note. Flame cutting is considered mechanically cutting
for purposes of this subclass.
(3) Note. The term "mold" as used herein includes (a) the
core or cores, (b) corelike elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (c)
conveying means serving to support a continuous casting while
said casting is still associated with the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70.1 for a casting step provided with a product trimming,
cutting, or breaking step.
78 for processes of incorporating a product dividing member
during casting.
140 for apparatus to cast printing plates including means
for cutting or trimming the casting.
161 for apparatus for shaping a forming surface, e.g., mold,
including cutting or sweeping means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 527.6 for processes of metal
casting followed by a cutting or removing step.
249, Static Molds, subclass 52 for static molds employing a
static means to produce a groove or depression in the product
to facilitate breaking or cutting.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 161 for flash or sprue removal in a
plastic molding operation.
Subclass:
461
Forming a composite article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein the product is multipart or multilayered with at
least two distinctive zones of metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes of producing composite article.
496 for casting processes directly applying electrical or
wave energy to work by electrical discharge forming composite
articles.
Subclass:
462
Forming filament, wire or ribbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein the cast product formed is a thin rod, rodlike or
striplike member.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents unique by the nature
of the product produced. Such patents will not generally be
cross-referenced into following process subclasses unless a
feature is disclosed or appears to have general utility in
other continuous casting processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
423 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means used to
form filaments or wires.
Subclass:
463
Utilizing continuously advancing surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Process
wherein the member is formed by a forming mold or surface
which constantly moves into, through, and out of the molding
area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for continuous casting apparatus provided with means to
continuously advance a mold part.
479 for other continuous casting processes utilizing a
continuously shaping surface.
Subclass:
464
Forming a hollow article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein the cast product formed contains a central cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
421 for continuous or semicontinuous casting means utilized
to form hollow castings.
451 for processes of continuously forming hollow products by
centrifugal force.
Subclass:
465
Using a core or mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Process
wherein the central cavity is shaped by applying molten metal
to an external surface of a forming mold.
Subclass:
466
Utilizing magnetic force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein a magnetic field is applied to work material or to
the cast product.
(1) Note. The term work material implies solid or molten
metal, a thixotropic state thereof, i.e., solid-liquid
mixture, or a slurrry of such metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147.1 for casting apparatus utilizing electromagnetic
means.
498 for casting processes utilizing magnetic energy.
Subclass:
467
Molten metal shaped by electromagnetic field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Process
wherein molten metal is contained and formed into a desired
shape by the application of an electromagnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503 for electromagnetic mold means in casting continuous
casting apparatus.
Subclass:
468
Applying electromagnetic stirring force to molten metal
within mold or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Process
wherein molten metal within a mold or entrained by the outer
skin of a cast product is circulated by an electromagnetic
field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
499 for casting processes utilizing magnetic energy to stir
molten metal.
504 for continuous casting apparatus utilizing
electromagnetic stirring means.
Subclass:
469
Utilizing electric arc or electron beam melting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
including raising the temperature of work material to its
molten state through either (a) electric arc discharge
between an electrode and the work material, or (b) electron
beam bombardment upon the work material.
(1) Note. Included herein is the use of two electrically
charged metal rods adapted to form an electric arc wherein
both are melted to supply casting material and also the use
of a single charged rod in a consumable electrode of suitable
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
494 for casting processes utilizing electron beams to heat
the work material.
495 for casting processes using electrical arc discharges to
heat the work material.
506 for continuous casting apparatus utilizing electron beam
melting means to melt the work material.
508 for continuous casting apparatus utilizing arc
electrodes to apply heat to work material.
514 for casting apparatus utilizing arc electrodes to apply
electrical energy to work material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for electric arc furnace
structures, per se; and subclass 68 for electron beam type
electric furnaces.
Subclass:
470
Electric arc melting with slag or flux:
This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Process
wherein an electrical arc discharge is utilized to raise the
work material to its molten state with the simultaneous
application of slag or flux.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
497 for casting processes utilizing electrical arc
discharges for heating the work material with the application
of slag or flux.
Subclass:
471
Utilizing induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
including raising the temperature of work material by placing
the work material within an induction coil, the work material
thereby constituting the secondary of a transformer or a
continuation of the induction coil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
493 for casting processes utilizing electrical induction
heating means.
513 for casting apparatus utilizing coil induction heating
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 140 for electrical
induction furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
472
Including lubricating of mold surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
including the step of applying a lubricant to the forming
mold or surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 169 and 213 for processes of utilizing a
lubricant and indefinite length plastic work forming.
Subclass:
473
Incorporating additional material or chemically reactive
agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein a material is directly added to the molten metal to
either be alloyed therewith, cause chemical reaction
therewith, or to produce a slag.
(1) Note. The added material may include principle alloying
constituent, densifiers, fluidizers, graphitizers,
scavengers, grain-size controllers, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55.1 for casting processes incorporating an addition or
chemically reactive metal to metal casting material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
processes for producing metals.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 1 for processes of
chemically treating mixtures to obtain metal-containing
compound.
Subclass:
474
Utilizing a vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
including exhausting air or other gases from the immediate
contiguous environment of a casting material to a negative
pressure differential with respect to the surrounding ambient
environment of the casting material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.1 for processes of applying a vacuum in a mold-forming
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for vacuum
treatment of metals.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 500 for processes of vacuum forming plastic
materials; and subclasses 101+ for processes of vacuum
treating work.
Subclass:
475
With inert or reducing gaseous atmosphere:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein work material is subjected to an inert or reducing
gaseous environment.
(1) Note. An ambient atmosphere which may be inert is not
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, various subclasses for processes
for gaseous treating of metals.
148, Metal Treatment, 633 or 712+ for combined processes of
significant heat treatment of solid or semi-solid metal and
treatment with a special gaseous composition.
Subclass:
476
With metal working:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process which
includes alteration of the size or shape of the cast product
by deforming (e.g., rolling) while a contiguous portion is
being cast.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 527.7 for processes of casting, including
a rolling operation.
148, Metal Treatment, 538 for processes of casting and
working that includes significant heat-treatment after
removal from the mold to modify or maintain the internal
physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical
properties of the metal.
Subclass:
477
With diverse treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process which
includes an operation which is, per se, neither of this class
nor a perfecting step for an operation of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270.1 for apparatus of Class 164 combined with apparatus
provided for in other classes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 527.1 for a combined casting and
manufacturing process wherein the manufacturing step is
performed after removing the cast product from the mold.
Subclass:
478
Having mold or product vibration or reciprocation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein the forming surface is oscillated relative to the
product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for vibratory treatment of molding materials.
416 for continuous casting molds including a vibrator
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 558 for processes of treating
solid or semi-solid metal outside the mold with high
frequency vibration.
Subclass:
479
Having continuously advancing shaping surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein the forming mold or surface constantly moves into,
through, and out of the molding area.
(1) Note. The molding area is any or all of that contiguous
portion between the molten metal and forming mold or
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
427 for continuous casting apparatus provided with means to
continuously advance a mold part.
Subclass:
480
Utilizing roll couple mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process
wherein the forming mold or surface moving through the
molding area is provided by a pair of similar revolving
cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
428 for continuous advancing mechanisms in a continuous
casting apparatus in the form of a roll couple mold.
Subclass:
481
Utilizing endless plural belts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process
wherein the forming mold or surface moving through the
molding area includes a plurality of endless bands of pliant
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
429 for continuous advancing means in a continuous casting
apparatus in the form of endless plural belts.
Subclass:
482
Utilizing wheel-band mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process
wherein the forming mold or surface moving through the
molding area includes an annular or cylindrical member with a
casting groove and an adjacent cooperating endless band of
pliant material covering a section of the groove.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
433 for continuous advancing means in a continuous casting
apparatus in the form of a cooperating casting wheel and
flexible band.
Subclass:
483
Starting up or ending casting process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein significance is attributed to a step of either
initiating or stopping the casting operation.
Subclass:
484
Specific product withdrawal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein significance is attributed to a step of removing the
cast product from the forming mold or surface as a contiguous
portion is being formed.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents which usually include
a unique article removal operation. Patents which
incidentally disclose or claim a removal step are
cross-referenced here only where such step appears to be
atypical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
413 for a continuous casting apparatus provided with product
withdrawal control means.
441 for continuous casting apparatus provided with product
supporting or withdrawal means.
447 for product supporting or withdrawal means, per se, for
continuous casting apparatus.
Subclass:
485
Specific mold or product cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein significance is attributed to a step of actively
applying a heat exchange medium to remove heat from the
forming mold or surface, or the cast product.
(1) Note. The step of actively applying a heat exchange
medium implies a manipulative operation of bringing into
thermal contact with the work material a substance, generally
a solid or liquid, thereby producing the cooling effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
414 for continuous casting apparatus provided with control
means responsive to a coolant applied to the product.
443 for continuous casting apparatus having casting material
cooling means.
Subclass:
486
Directly applying liquid coolant to product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 485. Process
wherein the cast product is cooled by having a cooling liquid
physically contact the product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 and 128, for processes of controlling solidification by
a cooling liquid.
348 for a shaping means including means to apply a coolant.
Subclass:
487
Direct chill casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Process
wherein the liquid impinges on the cast product immediately
below the mold and flows downwardly over the surface of the
cast product.
Subclass:
488
Specific molten metal dispensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
wherein significance is attributed to the dispensing of
molten metal into a forming mold or surface.
(1) Note. Included herein, generally, are patents which
include a unique pouring operation, i.e., other than ordinary
teeming; patents which incidentally disclose or claim a
pouring step are cross-referenced here only where such step
appears to be atypical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 for continuous or semicontinuous casting apparatus
including means to dispense or distribute a metal charge.
449.1 for supply means controlled in response to a variable
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 500 for processes of dispensing
molten metal; and subclasses 591+ for molten metal
dispensers, per se.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, 236 for discharging vessels
for molten metal which include means for treating the same.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for charging or
discharging device processes in electric furnaces.
Subclass:
489
Including flow stream deflection or other than vertical
dispensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Process in
which molten metal introduced into a forming mold or surface
is either (a) deflected in a controlled manner by a
downstream structure, or (b) dispensed at other than the
usual vertical direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
440 for continuous casting apparatus provided with means to
dispense or distribute metal charge into a horizontal mold.
Subclass:
490
Dispensing into horizontal mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process
wherein the molten metal enters and flows through the forming
mold or surface in a substantially horizontal direction.
Subclass:
491
Adjusting mold size:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process
including a step of changing the cross-sectional dimension of
the forming mold or surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
436 for continuous casting apparatus provided with
adjustable molds.
Subclass:
492
To electrically heat work material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Process in
which the electrical field or force functions to effect
heating of the work material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 10.1 for electrothermic
processes for purification or melting of metals.
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for processes
of heating by electrical means.
Subclass:
493
By electrical induction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process
directed to raising the temperature of the work material by
the electrical generation of heat within the work material
disposed in an induction coil, the work material thereby
constituting the secondary of a transformer or a continuation
of the induction coil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 for casting apparatus provided with coiled induction
means to directly apply electrical energy to work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for electrical induction heaters,
per se.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 140 for induction furnaces,
per se.
Subclass:
494
By electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process
directed to raising the temperature of the work material by
bombardment with electron beams emitted from a source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
506 for continuous casting apparatus provided with electron
beam melting means.
512 for casting apparatus provided electron beam melting
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.12 for electrical heating of
metal utilizing electron beams.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 68 for electron beam
furnace heaters.
Subclass:
495
By arc discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process
directed to raising the temperature of the work material by
use of an electric arc discharge between an electrode and the
work material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
508 for continuous casting apparatus utilizing an electrical
arc electrode means for applying energy to work.
514 for casting apparatus utilizing an electric arc
electrode heating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, for metal heating utilizing arc
devices.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for arc furnaces
structure, per se.
Subclass:
496
Composite article forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Process in
which a multilayered article having distinctive zones of
metal is formed by either casting a metal onto a preform or
casting two or more metals into contact with one another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes of compositing in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for the
formation of a metallic bonded joint between parts or
portions of the same part. Molten filler material may be
confined or retained by the shape or space between the parts
so long as a mold device is not employed.
Subclass:
497
With application of slag or flux:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Process
wherein a molten slag bath or flux blanket covers the melted
metal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 73.1 for metal heating including
electroslag welding.
Subclass:
498
Utilizing magnetic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Process in
which an induced positive magnetic field is applied to the
work material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147.1 for casting apparatus utilizing electromagnetic means
to apply a magnetic force thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
499
For stirring molten metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process in
which magnetic lines of force produce circulatory motion in a
liquid metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504 for continuous casting apparatus provided with
electromagnetic stirring means.
Subclass:
500
In transporting molten metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process
wherein electromagnetic forces are used to convey molten
metal to the mold, e.g., as a pump or valve would be used to
convey the metal.
Subclass:
501
Utilizing sonic or supersonic wave energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Process wherein
the wave energy is specifically of the sonic or supersonic
range.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250.1 for casting apparatus provided with means to directly
apply electrical or wave energy to work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, subclass 558 for processes of treating
solid or semi-solid metal outside the mold with high
frequency vibration.
Subclass:
502
In continuous casting apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 147.1. Apparatus
wherein a mold means is employed to form a portion of a
product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the
product is removed from the mold.
Subclass:
503
Electromagnetic mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Apparatus
wherein the electromagnetic energy generates forces normal to
the surface of molten metal to laterally confine the molten
metal during solidification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
504
Electromagnetic stirring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Apparatus in
which the electromagnetic energy is utilized to cause molten
metal within the mold or entrained by the outer skin of a
cast product to be circulated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
Subclass:
505
In continuous casting apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
provided with a mold means employed to form a portion of a
product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the
product is removed from the mold.
Subclass:
506
Electron beam melting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises means
for raising the temperature of work material to its molten
state by a bombardment of an electron beam upon the work
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
512 for casting apparatus provided with electron beam
melting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121 for electron beam metal heaters.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 68 for electron beam
furnaces.
Subclass:
507
Induction heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises means
to raise the temperature of work material by placing the work
material within an induction coil, the work material thereby
constituting the secondary of a transformer or a continuation
of the induction coil.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 for casting apparatus provided with electrical coil
induction means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 140 for electrical
induction furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
508
Arc electrode melting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises means
to raise the temperature of work material to its molten state
by the utilization of an electric arc discharge between an
electrode and the work material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514 for casting apparatus provided with electrical arc
heating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.11 for electrical heaters for
melting metal.
373, Electrical Furnaces, subclass 42 for electric arc
furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
509
Electroslag remelting type apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 508. Apparatus
wherein a molten slag bath or flux blanket covers the molten
material in the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
515 for casting apparatus provided with electric arc
electroslag remelting apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 73.1 for metal heating including
electroslag welding.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for electric arc
furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
510
Electrical discharge knockout means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
wherein foundry molds are stripped from castings by means
utilizing high-voltage electrical discharges.
Subclass:
511
High frequency vibration means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
wherein the energy quantity applied to the work material is
of the sonic or supersonic vibration type.
Subclass:
512
Electron beam melting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises means
for raising the temperature of the work material by the
utilization of a bombardment of an electron beam upon the
work material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.11 for metal heating utilizing
electron beam heating.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 68 for electrical induction
furnaces utilizing electron beam heating.
Subclass:
513
Induction coil means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises a
high frequency induction coil for heating the work material.
(1) Note. The material to be heated is placed in the high
frequency magnetic field produced by the induction coil means
wherein eddy currents and sometimes hysteresis losses created
in the work serve to heat the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 600 for inductive heating, subclasses
678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for
capacitive dielectric heating.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 140 for electrical
induction furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
514
Arc electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus
wherein the means to apply an energy quantity comprises an
electrical circuit producing an electrical discharge between
the electrode to the work material.
(1) Note. Consumable as well as nonconsumable electrodes
are provided in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.11 for electrical arc metal
heating means.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for electric arc
furnaces, per se.
Subclass:
515
Electroslag remelting type apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Apparatus
wherein a molten slag bath or flux blanket covers the molten
material in the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 73.1 for metal-heating means
including electroslag welding.
373, Electric Furnaces, subclass 42 for electric arc furnace
structure, per se.
Subclass:
516
Utilizing aqueous slurry material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Process wherein
mold materials, at least in part, are suspended in a water
solution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
process of treating metals and alloys.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.2 for mold or
mold-coating composition.
Subclass:
517
With particular material for treating or perfecting casting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process
wherein a specific mold material is utilized to physically or
chemically treat the cast product to either physically
enhance its properties or to prevent physical or chemical
degradation of the cast product.
Subclass:
518
With particular binder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process
wherein significance is attributed to binding material
utilized in shaping a mold structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
523 and 524, for synthetic resins or natural rubber having a
filler material.
Subclass:
519
With particular refractory material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process
wherein significance is attributed to refractory material
utilized in shaping a mold structure.
Subclass:
520
Utilizing particular mold materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process wherein
specific mold materials are utilized in shaping a mold
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for molds of a particular composition.
516 for processes of forming composite molds using slurry
and particular materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for
process of treating metals and alloys.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 38.2 for mold or
mold coating compositions.
Subclass:
521
Self-hardenable molding material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein the mold materials utilized require no other
chemicals or additives to solidify into a solid material.
Subclass:
522
Water soluble mold material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein the molding materials are capable of being removed
from the casting surface by dissolution in an aqueous
solution.
Subclass:
523
To perfect casting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein specific molding materials are utilized to enhance
the physical properties of the surface of the cast product.
Subclass:
524
To prevent casting oxidation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein specific mold material are utilized to produce a
chemical reaction providing an inert or reducing environment
for the cast product.
Subclass:
525
Particular binder material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein significance is attributed to binding material
utilized in shaping a mold structure.
Subclass:
526
Resin containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Process
wherein a resin-containing binder is utilized in shaping a
mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
523 and 524, for synthetic resins or natural rubber having a
filler material.
Subclass:
527
And inorganic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Process
wherein the binder includes a resin and an inorganic
material, both utilized for shaping a mold surface.
Subclass:
528
Inorganic material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Process
wherein an inorganic-containing binding is utilized for
shaping a mold structure.
Subclass:
529
Particular refractory material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process
wherein significance is attributed to refractory material
utilized in shaping a mold structure.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
RHEO-CASTING
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Cross-reference art collection drawn to rheo-casting.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000