U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 162
PAPER MAKING AND FIBER LIBERATION
Class Definition:
This class includes:
A. Processes for the liberation, recovery or purification of
fibers as individual staple fibers or as a pulp of such
fibers, including cellulosic fibers, from a fibrous
containing material by use of a reagent which exerts some
chemical or solvent action upon the fibrous material.
B. Reagent compositions employed in the processes "A" above,
and processes of preparation of such compositions, not
otherwise provided for;
C. Processes including the deposition of fibers from a
liquid suspension thereof in order to form an interfelted
product and processes of treatment of the deposited fibrous
product prior to the final drying thereof;
D. Fibrous pulps and deposited fibrous webs or articles
which are produced by processes "A" or "C" above, which are
not otherwise provided for;
E. In addition to the products set forth in "D," this class
also includes any nonstructural fiber or fiber containing
product (e.g., particular fiber blend) manufactured by any
other process (e.g., airlaid) where not elsewhere provided
for. See Subclass References to the Current Class, below,
and also see References to Other Classes, below, for classes
that refer to this section.
F. Apparatus employed in carrying out processes "A" and "C"
above, not otherwise provided for;
G. An endless Fourdrinier wire is provided for in this
class.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. FIBER PREPARATION OR TREATING PROCESSES
Within this class processes of fiber preparation are
classified in subclass 1. This portion of the class is
concerned with the treating of fiber and fibrous materials
with chemicals for the purpose of making a pulp or suspension
of individual staple fibers which may be deposited from a
liquid suspension thereof, thus forming an interfelted
fibrous product (paper) or the fibers may be employed for
textile purposes.
This class provides for the chemical liberation of these
fibers as well as the purification or refining, bleaching,
etc., of the fibers with a reagent which exerts some chemical
action.
LINE WITH CLASS 8 AND CLASS 19
This class is related to Class 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid
Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
and Class 19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, which also provide
for fiber treating processes. Class 8 provides for processes
of fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and
fibers not elsewhere provided for. With respect to pulps and
suspension of individual fibers the line with Class 8 is as
follows:
Class 162 takes (1) processes involving liberating,
purifying, bleaching or refining such fibers, (2) processes
in which the fibers are modified by hydration, mercerizing or
parchmentizing; Class 8 takes all processes of chemically
modifying such fibers other than by hydration, mercerization
or parchmentizing. Class 162 (in subclass 100 particularly
subclass 162) also takes dyeing of such fibers.
Class 8 provides for purifying, bleaching, etc., of fabrics,
strands, yarns, filaments, etc., as distinguished from
fibrous pulps. Patents to processes in which both a fibrous
pulp and a fabric, strand, yarn, etc., is claimed (or
disclosed if claimed only generically) are classified in
Class 8. Combinations of a step of purifying or liberating
the fiber with a step of modifying it, per se, belonging in
Class 8, are classified in Class 162.
Class 8, particularly in subclasses 137+ and 147+, provides
for the cleaning and laundering of textile fabrics and
fibers, that is, for the removal of materials not originally
associated with a natural fiber and the removal of any
material from synthetic fibers. The treatment may be
effected with or without chemical action. Thus, manipulative
processes of washing pulp or fibers in bulk form are
classified in Class 8, subclass 156.
Class 19 provides for the mechanical treatment of fibers to
put them in condition for use.
See References to Other Classes, below, for related fiber
preparation or treating processes classes.
B. FIBER TREATING AGENTS
Chemical reagent compositions used for liberating fiber from
a fiber containing material (e.g., wood) are included and are
classified with the corresponding process. This class
provides also for processes of making or regenerating such
agents. Also see Subclass References to the Current Class and
References to Other Classes, below.
C. FIBROUS PRODUCT MAKING AND TREATING
This class includes processes of forming an interfelted
fibrous product by deposition from liquid suspension
including the addition of other material to the fibrous
suspension whether the deposition step is included or not.
This class also includes processes for treating the deposited
web or article prior to final drying thereof. The fibrous
character of the product must be retained in the final
product. Also see Subclass References to the Current Class
and References to Other Classes, below.
D. COMBINATIONS WITH OTHER PAPER TREATING OPERATIONS
This class generally includes combinations of a fiber
liberation or purification step with other fiber treating
steps or of a deposition from a liquid suspension with other
treatment of the interfelted product (in which the fibrous
nature of the product is retained). Processes of fiber
liberation or purification combined with processes of
employing the liberated fibers for the manufacture of a
product (other than by deposition from a fiber suspension)
are, in general, classified in the class providing for the
particular manufacturing operation involved. See References
to Other Classes, below.
E. PRODUCTS
This provides for paper products resulting from processes
classified herein. However, articles and materials having
structure or other characteristics provided for in other
classes are classified therein, even though made of paper, or
disclosed or claimed as having been made by a process
classifiable herein. Also see References to Other Classes,
below.
F. APPARATUS
This class includes apparatus employed for carrying out
processes classifiable herein not otherwise provided for.
Also see Subclass References to the Current Class and
References to Other Classes, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for processes of making or regenerating agents.
70 for chemical reagent compositions used for liberating
fiber from a fiber containing material (e.g., wood).
100 for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product
by deposition from liquid suspension including the addition
of other material to the fibrous suspension whether the
deposition step is included or not.
141 through 181 for any nonstructural fiber or fiber
containing product (e.g., particular fiber blend)
manufactured by any other process (e.g., airlaid) where not
elsewhere provided for.
160 and 161 for paper impregnated for purposes of preserving
the paper.
232 for apparatus employed for carrying out processes
classifiable herein not otherwise provided for.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclasses 400-696 for
dyed paper, produced by the action of a dye upon dry paper,
subclasses 115.51+ for chemically modified fibers, per se.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
"Products", above.)
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses for
air felting. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, "Fibrous Product Making and Treating", above.)
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses for
air felting, per se, of fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses,
appropriate subclass for textile products having significant
textile characteristics or features not provided for in other
textile classes. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Products", above.)
29, Metal Working, 90.1 for burnishing waterlaid products.
(see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fibrous
Product Making and Treating", above.)
29, Metal Working, 90.1 for burnishing apparatus employed
for treating fibrous layers or paper. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contacted With Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for processes of drying a wet web or
article of deposited fibers. (see Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating,
above.)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclass for drying a freshly deposited fibrous layer. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus,"
above.)
65, Glass Manufacturing, 376 for a process of making glass
fibers or mineral wool. (see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating,
above.)
65, Glass Manufacturing, 376 for glass fibers or mineral
wool forming. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, "Apparatus," above.)
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses, per se,
even though employed for treating paper or fibrous webs or
articles. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, "Apparatus," above.)
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses, for mere pressing to
express moisture from a web or article deposited, and for
pressing or calendering dry paper. (see Fibrous Product
Making and Treating)
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclass
for nonwaterlaid plastic and coating compositions comprising
fibrous and inorganic materials, as well as fibrous material
associated with an organic material, other than a synthetic
resin. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Products, above.)
131, Tobacco, subclass 365 for tobacco-containing paper,
intended to be burned in smoking. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses for
tube structure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Products, above.)
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 4 for processes of regulating
or maintaining the consistency of a fiber suspension by
control of liquid flow. (see Fibrous Product Making and
Treating, above.)
137, Fluid Handling, particularly subclass 92 and 467.5 for
apparatus employed in the regulation or maintenance of the
consistency of a fibrous suspension which may be disclosed as
useful in making paper. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
62.2 for deposition of particulate material by other than
water laying to form a self sustaining web or batt, combined
with a laminating step, and subclasses 369+ for apparatus for
forming self-sustaining webs from particulate material. See
the search note to Class 264 below, for processes of forming
self sustaining webs from bulk deposited particles, per se.
(see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Fibrous
Product Making and Treating," above.)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 52-56, for
impregnated paper used for electrolytic printing (see the
Class 162 definition, Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Products section) and subclasses 689-694 for
electrolytic treatment of organic fibrous material (see the
Class 162 definition, Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Fiber Preparation or Treating Processes
section).
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, particularly 727, for separating
solids from fibers by a solids separation procedure there
provided for. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses particularly 727 for apparatus used
in separating nonfibrous solids (e.g., sand) from fibers.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
"Apparatus," above.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for separating liquid from a
fibrous suspension. Such separators which are designed for
the laying down of a felted fibrous product, as the
Fourdrinier type machine, are classified in Class 162 even
though there is a separation of the liquid, usually water,
from a fibrous suspension. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for the separation of liquid from fibers other
than those resulting in the formation of a felted fibrous
product. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and paper Board Boxes, for articles
of that type. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Products, above.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for grinders, heaters, comminutors,
etc., employed for treating fibrous material for reducing it
to individual fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
particularly subclass 4 for the grinding, comminuting or
heating of fibrous material, uncombined with any chemical
treatment, in order to separate the material into smaller
individual fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes, above.)
252, Compositions, subclass 567 for a paper web or sheet
impregnated with a defined liquid dielectric. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
252, Compositions, 186.1 and 188.1+ for bleaching agent
compositions even though disclosed as being useful for
bleaching pulp. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Fiber Treating Agents, above.)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes within the
class definition, for shaping or molding of plastic materials
including that of a dried, preformed blank of paper pulp,
with or without remoistening thereof. Class 264 also
generally takes processes for forming articles by uniting of
discrete bulk assembled particles, and also forming articles
by depositing particles other than fibers from a slurry
(e.g., mica, clay, etc.). (see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Fibrous Product Making and Treating,
above.)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes within the
class definition, for molding or shaping plastic materials
which may include the step of destroying the fibrous or
felted nature of a deposited web or article. See subclass 80
for flame contact or heat decomposition of work, broadly,
and subclasses 109+ for forming articles by uniting of
discrete bulk assembled particles, not containing free metal
particles, per se. (see Combinations With Other Paper
Treating Operations, above.)
383, Flexible Bags, for bags. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, Products, above.)
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 61 for processes for
forming articles by uniting randomly associated metal
particles without heating. (see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Combinations With Other Paper Treating
Operations, above.)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 285 and
307+ for cookers and digesters other than those used for
liberating or treating fibers. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Apparatus," above.)
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate
subclasses, for process of preparing or reclaiming inorganic
compounds by a chemical reaction. See especially 511 for
sulfur containing compounds; for the line between the classes
see line note to Class 162 in definition of Class 423, Search
Notes. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Fiber Treating Agents, above.)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 14
and especially subclasses 16+ for a composition of that class
including a structural feature which may included a coating
or impregnation of a paper base. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Products, above.)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 80.1 for means forming self-sustaining bodies of
particulate material including an air felting type shaping
means, and subclasses 84+ for a shaping surface and means for
removal of liquid vehicle or component as a liquid. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Apparatus,"
above.)
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses for paper impregnated with a
food treating agent. This class (162) provides for paper
impregnated for purposes of preserving the paper. (See
Subclass References to the Current Class, above.)
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes
of coating paper not combined with a paper making step, or
where the paper is not still wet from the paper forming
operation. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Products, above.)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a nonwaterlaid fiber or fiber containing
product as set forth in "E" in the class definition of this
Class 162 where said product processes either internal
structure (e.g., crimped fiber, etc.) or external structure
(e.g., nonplanar component, etc.). (See Class Definition, E,
above.)
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, 496 for paper coated with a radiation
sensitive composition. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Products, above.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
277 and 278 for fiber treating processes involving
fermentation. (See Fiber Preparation Or Treating Processes,
above.)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
277 for combination of fermentative and chemical digestion.
(see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations, above.)
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for nonwaterlaid
synthetic resin or natural rubbers containing compositions.
536, Organic Compounds, 30 and 56+ for cellulose liberation
or purification followed by conversion of the cellulose to a
cellulose derivative which is not followed by deposition of
fibers from liquid suspension or other step provided for in
Class 162. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Combinations With Other Paper Treating Operations,
above.)
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 254 for containment of asbestos and subclass 255
for containment with polymers. (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, Fiber Preparation Or Treating
Processes, above.)
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for the liberation, recovery or purification of
cellulose or of fibers as individual fibers or fibrous pulp
occurring in a fibrous material by the use of a reagent which
exerts some solvent or chemical action upon the fibrous
material and the reagent compositions employed in such
processes.
(1) Note. Processes classifiable in this or indented
subclasses include those involving the use of a material
which exerts some solvent action or reacts with some
constituent of the fibrous material, without destroying the
fibrous characteristics of the material. Included are
treatments with steam and water heated above atmospheric
temperature. Processes involving hydration, mercerizing or
parchmentizing of the resultant liberated fiber or of an
undried web of fibers freshly deposited from liquid
suspension are also included, however other treatments of
chemically modifying of fibers are classified in Class 8,
Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly subclasses
115.5+.
(2) Note. Chemical reagent compositions employed in
processes of liberating (digesting) fibers are classified
with the corresponding process of liberating, note
particularly subclasses 70+. Processes involving recovering
or regenerating such compositions in condition for reuse in
digestion (liberation) are classified in subclasses 29+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for processes including the recovery, reuse or recycling
of the digestion agent or liquor (see (2) Note).
70 for processes of liberating cellulosic fiber employing a
particular digesting composition and for the compositions
employed (see (2) Note).
100 for liberated fiber compositions and fiber pulps
resulting from processes classifiable herein (subclasses 1+)
not otherwise provided for.
232 for apparatus employed in processes of digestion of
fibrous material classified herein (subclasses 1+).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclass for
chemical modification and fluid treatment of fibers and
textiles, not otherwise provided for. Processes of bleaching
and purifying individual fibers or fiber pulp, as
distinguished from filaments, yarns, textiles, etc., is
classifiable in this class (162). Similarly, hydration,
mercerization or parchmentizing such fibers or undried web
thereof are also in this class (162). Other chemical
modification or fluid treatment of textiles and fibers,
(e.g., dyeing) are found in Class 8. Bleaching or purifying
processes which, as claimed, may be applied either to a fiber
or fibrous pulp as well as to a filament yarn or textile are
classified in Class 8.
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, appropriate subclasses, for
the purification, recovery or liberation of fibers by
mechanical action only.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 123.1 for
coating or plastic compositions having as one ingredient
thereof a cellulose liberation liquor.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 689-694
for electrolytic treatment of organic fibrous material.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass
28 and other appropriate subclasses, for processes of fiber
liberation involving mechanical comminution only, or such
comminution in the presence of water at ambient or lower
temperatures. The combination of mechanical comminution and
chemical treatment or treatment of fibrous material with
water at higher than ambient temperature, is classified in
Class 162. See especially subclasses 20 through 28.
252, Compositions, 186.1, 187.1 and 188.1+ for mere bleaching
agents, even though they may be used for bleaching fibers as
provided for herein (in Class 162).
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate
subclasses, for the recovery of chemical elements or
inorganic compounds, per se, and for the line between the
classes, see line note to Class 162 in the definition of
class 423, Search Notes.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
277 and 278 for processes of liberating, recovering and/or
purifying of fibers, involving fermentation.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or speading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
536, Organic Compounds, particularly subclass 30 and 56 for
processes of modifying cellulose in which its fibrous nature
is destroyed, e.g., in the production of cellulose esters.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include the liberation, recovery and/or purification of
animal fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 and 151, for processes of depositing fibrous products
from waterlaying a liquid suspension which include animal
fibers, and the products of such processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 94.1 for fluid or
chemical treatment of hides, skins, feathers and animal
tissues, not otherwise provided for, subclass 127.5 for
processes of chemically modifying proteinaceous fibers, and
subclass 138 for processes for fluid or chemical treatment of
silk for the removal of servicing, or other naturally
occurring gum or wax. Processes classifiable in this
subclass (2) generally include the production of a fiber pulp
from a raw proteinaceous fibrous material, (e.g., leather).
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 112 for proteins and
reaction products thereof.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
251 and 252 for processes of liberation or purification of
silk, keratins or protein involving fermentation.
Subclass:
3
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include the purification, recovery and/or liberation of
mineral fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 and 152+, for processes of waterlaying products
depositing fibrous products from a liquid suspension which
includes mineral fibers, and the resulting products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 376 for a process of making glass
fibers or mineral wool.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
62.2 for laminating processes in which at least one lamina,
e.g., a batt, is formed by bulk deposition of discrete
particles.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 109 for processes under the class definition for
forming articles by uniting randomly associated particles,
not containing free metal particles, particularly subclass
110 providing for mica particles.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 326 for the chemical
preparation of silicates not combined with a fiber liberation
step; see also line note to Class 162 in definition of Class
423, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class.
Subclass:
4
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include the treatment of paper or textile waste such as old
newspapers, waste rags, etc.
(1) Note. Many of the processes classifiable herein are
drawn to the "deinking" of news print. Many processes also
include a mechanical defibration. In this subclass the
chemical or solvent agent may act upon the ink, or other
material associated with the waste paper or textile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
191 for processes including the recovery or reuse of the
"broke" or "trim", which is the waste material from a
previous waterlaying step, for the production of pulp for
further waterlaying, which process does not involve any
repulping with a chemical or solvent agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for processes
of chemically removing coatings, such as wax, from a paper
base without otherwise affecting the base, where the coating
is not recovered.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, 24, for processes
of recovering wax from waxed paper which does not include the
recovery of fiber or fibrous pulp.
Subclass:
5
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes in
which an organic agent is employed.
(1) Note. In many cases the organic agent is a solvent for
the ink in a deinking process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for the digestion or treatment of nonwaste or unused
cellulose in which an organic agent is employed.
Subclass:
6
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes in
which elemental chlorine, a chlorine compound, oxygen, ozone
or a percompound is employed.
(1) Note. Example of percompounds are hydrogen peroxide,
sodium perborate and potassium permanganate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 74 and 87+, for processes of digesting or treating
nonwaste or unused cellulose in which chlorine or a chlorine
compound is employed.
78 for processes of digesting a treating nonwaste or unused
cellulose in which a percompound is employed.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes in
which elemental sulfur or a sulfur compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for processes of digesting or treating nonwaste or unused
cellulose with sulfur or a sulfur-containing material.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Processes in
which an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or ammonium
compound is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for processes of digesting or treating nonwaste or unused
cellulose in which an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or
ammonium hydroxide or carbonate is employed.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a chemical or physical modification of the
liberated fiber.
(1) Note. Examples of chemical or physical modifications
included a formation of a cellulose derivative, change of
shape of the fiber as curling, twisting, untwisting, puffing,
swelling (with agent other than water), etc.
(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass are (1) dyeing, (2)
removal of a constituent of the fiber unless accompanied by
some physical deformation of the fiber such as curling,
puffing, etc., and (3) hydration, mercerizing or
parchmentizing of the fiber, even though combined with a
digestion or purification of the fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for processes of parchmentizing cellulose fibers by use
of zinc chloride.
82 for processes of parchmentizing cellulose fibers by use
of sulfuric acid.
90 for processes of mercerizing cellulose fibers.
146 and 157.1+, for processes of making paper products
(depositing from liquid suspension) in which chemically
modified fibers are employed.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with the addition or retention of a nonfibrous
ingredient to or in the feltable fibrous product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 for processes involving adding or retaining one or more
nonfibrous ingredients to or in the fibrous product not
combined with the digestion, liberation or purification of
the fibers.
Subclass:
11
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in
which the nonfibrous ingredient is derived in whole or in
part from the plant or portion thereof from which the fiber
is liberated.
(1) Note. The nonfiber material may be extracted from the
raw fiber-containing material and later added to the same
batch of material from which it was derived, or to a
different batch. The nonfiber material may also be the
reaction product of an original constituent of the plant,
such as a gum, wax, resin, lignin, etc., and an externally
applied reagent. It may also be present as the result of
redistribution within the fiber, as where it is desired to
have the constituent uniformly distributed within the fiber.
(2) Note. A digestion process will seldom result in the
removal of all the nonfibrous ingredients from vegetable
growth. Processes will be classified in this and indented
subclasses only when the digestion is purposefully
incomplete, as where it is stated that a substantial amount
of fiber-impregnating or adhesive matter is retained.
(3) Note. This subclass includes for example the
combination of digestion and returning the waste liquor to
the pulp as a nonfiber additive.
Subclass:
12
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Processes in
which the nonfiber material is added to self-sustaining
fibrous web or body which has been deposited or formed from a
liquid suspension of the fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 particularly subclasses 184+, for the application of a
nonfiber additive to a formed fibrous web or article not
combined with a liberation or purification of the fibers.
Subclass:
13
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with the step of depositing or forming a fibrous web
or article from a liquid suspension of the liberated or
purified fibers.
(1) Note. Processes including liberating or purifying
fibers followed by forming a web or article in which the
formation is set forth by name only, as for example,
"waterlaying" without including any details of the
waterlaying operation, are not classifiable in this subclass
but elsewhere on the basis of the particular fiber liberation
or purification.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for processes of this type also including the addition of
a nonfiber material to the resultant web or article.
Subclass:
14
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with the recovery of an organic constituent from the
raw fibrous material or a reaction product derived from such
constituent, in addition to the liberated fiber.
(1) Note. The organic material recovered must originate or
be formed from the fibrous material. Mere separation of the
organic material is sufficient unless it is destroyed or
discarded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for digestion or chemical treating processes in which the
digestion liquor or treating agent is recovered or reused for
treatment of further quantities of fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly 123.11
for processes of preparation of plastic or coating
composition wherein a cellulose liberation liquor is
employed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
251 and 252 for processes of fermenting cellulose liberation
waste liquor not combined with a fiber liberation.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, 205 for tall
oil and its reaction products, and subclasses 500+ for
lignins and reaction products thereof.
Subclass:
15
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in
which the organic material is recovered from gases given off
from a digester.
(1) Note. An example of gas given off from a digester is
that in relief of pressure.
Subclass:
16
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Processes in
which the organic material is recovered from waste fiber
treating agent or liquor following its separation from the
chemically treated fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for digestion or chemical treating processes in which the
digestion liquor or treating agent is recovered or reused for
treatment of further quantities of fibrous material.
Subclass:
17
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which the fibrous material passes substantially continuously
into and out of the treating zone.
(1) Note. The raw fibrous material is continuously fed to,
flowed through and discharged from the treating zone with the
material normally being admitted and discharged at the same
rates. "Continuous batch" processes, characterized by the
passage of baskets filled with fibrous material, through a
treating solution, are also included.
Subclass:
18
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes in
which the raw fibrous material is subjected to compression at
the point of entrance to the treating zone so as to form a
plug sealing off the zone from the exterior thereof.
Subclass:
19
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes in
which the fibrous material is subjected to a plurality of
dissimilar chemical treatments.
(1) Note. The treatments may be dissimilar in the
composition or concentration of the treating medium, the
temperature, pressure, or time, of the treatment, etc.
Subclass:
20
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a step of (1) subjecting a nonwood fibrous
material to a mechanical attrition step to strip off the husk
or outer shell or to separate the fibrous material from
nonfibrous material, or (2) subjecting fibrous material to be
used in textile operations to a mechanical operation to
modify or facilitate the preparation of the fibers for
textile use.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, for processes of
decortication fiber preparation not involving any chemical
treatment of the fiber.
Subclass:
21
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with the separation of the fibers from each other
(1) by subjecting them to a sudden and drastic release of
pressure, or (2) by projecting the fiber clumps against a
solid surface.
(1) Note. In view of the fact that steam and hot water are
considered as chemicals for treating the fiber within the
scope of subclass 1 explosion or projection in the presence
of steam or hot water is classified herein, even though no
other digestion chemical is present.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for apparatus for use in explosion or impact type
defibering operations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, 323.4 apparatus for
subjecting cereals to sudden changes in pressure to disrupt
the same and produce a puffed food product.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass 1
for processes for comminuting solid material by explosion
and subclass 5 for processes utilizing kinetic energy of
projected or suspended material.
Subclass:
22
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Processes in
which the fibrous material is treated with a chemical agent
other than water or steam usually to facilitate the
liberation or purification of the fibrous material.
Subclass:
23
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which the fibrous material is subjected simultaneously to a
mechanical disintegrating or attrition step and a digestion
in the presence of a gas at an elevated temperature or
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for processes in which the fibrous material is subjected
to a simultaneous chemical treatment and mechanical
defibration not in the presence of a gas.
63 for processes of fiber treatment in the presence of a
gas, vapor or mist.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, 18 for
other disintegration or comminution processes carried out in
the presence of a gas or vapor.
Subclass:
24
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with mechanical defibration step in which chemical
treatment is initiated after the start or the completion of a
mechanical defibration of the fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
particularly 15 for processes of mechanically comminuting
defibering fibrous materials with application of a fluid to
the material not involving any chemical treatment of the
fibrous material.
Subclass:
25
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Processes in
which the fibrous material is also subjected to a chemical
treatment before the start of the defibering process.
(1) Note. The chemical treatment prior to the mechanical
defibration step is necessarily separate and distinct from
that following the start or completion of the defibration,
but may employ the same chemicals and conditions of
treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 for processes involving simultaneous chemical digestion
or treatment and mechanical defibration of the fibrous
material.
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which the fibrous material is subjected to concurrent
attrition or defibration and chemical digestion or
treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for continuous processes for treating fibrous material in
which the material is subjected to a chemical treatment and
simultaneous defibration.
23 for processes of mechanically defibering fibrous material
in the presence of a gas at elevated temperature or
pressure.
24 for processes in which the chemical treatment is
initiated subsequent to the start or completion of mechanical
defibration.
235 for apparatus for concurrently digesting and chemically
treating fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
particularly 15 for processes of mechanically comminuting
defibering fibrous materials with application of a fluid to
the material not involving any chemical treatment of the
fibrous material.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which logs or billets of fibrous material are subjected to
chemical treatment which does not destroy its log or billet
form, which are then subjected to a mechanical grinding or
attrition to convert the logs or billets into a defibered
form.
(1) Note. Processes in which the chemical digestion or
treatment results in a destruction of the log or billet form
followed by attrition are classified in the appropriate
subclass below on other bases.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
particularly 15 for processes of mechanically comminuting
defibering fibrous materials with application of a fluid to
the material not involving any chemical treatment of the
fibrous material.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with (1) a plurality of separate and distinct
attrition or defibering steps, or (2) a specifically defined
attrition or defibering step.
(1) Note. Processes in which a defibering step subsequent
to chemical treatment is claimed broadly as, for example,
"defibering" "refining", "disintegrating", "comminuting",
etc., are not classified in this subclass but are found in
the appropriate subclass below, usually classified on the
basis of the chemical treatment. Processes in which
subsequent plural distinct defibering steps are included are
classified herein even though the defibering steps are
recited broadly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
70 for processes including a chemical treatment combined
with a broadly recited single attrition step (see (1) Note).
234 for digester apparatus combined with mechanical
defibering means.
261 for other paper making apparatus combined with heating,
refining and/or disintegrating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for particular attrition processes and
means, per se.
Subclass:
29
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
involving (1) the regeneration, reclamation, reuse or
recycling (to a fiber treating zone), or (2) the destruction
of the digestion or treating fluid or chemicals after being
used at least once for treating a fibrous material.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses include processes
within the scope of the above when combined with a fiber
treatment step or such processes not so combined with fiber
treatment which are not provided for elsewhere. The
preparation of cellulose liberation agents from such waste
liquors is found in this or indented subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for processes for chemically treating fibrous material in
which waste liquor from the digestion is employed solely for
the purpose of charging or discharging the fibrous material
to or from the treating zone.
60 for processes of chemically treating fibrous material in
which the waste liquor is employed for washing a fibrous
pulp.
239 for the combination of a digester and means for
recovering waste liquor discharged therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for electrolytic processes of regenerating or treating waste
cellulose liberation liquor (e.g., subclasses 689-694 for
electrolytic treatment of fibrous organic material, subclass
698 for electrolytic treatment of cellulosic organic
material, and subclasses 742-761 for electrolytic treatment
of water, sewage, or other waste water, etc.).
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for regenerating, reclaiming, or
destroying used digestion agents.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate
subclasses, for the preparation or recovery of inorganic
compounds, not combined with a fiber treating or liberating
step and for the line between the classes see the note to
Class 162 in the definition of Class 423, section III, Line
and Search Notes.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
262 for processes for the recovery of chemicals from used
cellulose digestion agents involving fermentation and not
combined with fiber treatment steps.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, 205 and
500+, for the recovery of organic compound from waste fiber
treating agents, not combined with fiber treating steps.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses for destruction of hazardous digestion
or treating fluid chemicals.
Subclass:
30.1
With destruction of organic ingredient in or smelting of
liquor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes which
include (a) the destruction of the organic constituent of the
waste liquor, or (b) treatment of the product of such
destruction to produce a chemical composition for further use
in a cellulose digestion process.
(1) Note. Processes of destruction of the organic
constituent of waste liquor by oxidation, as well as such
processes when accompanied by smelting of the inorganic
constituents of the liquor, are included. Also included are
processes of digestion which start with smelt, or a product
of the smelt such as an aqueous solution thereof, (e.g.,
green liquor).
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses include the
preparation of cellulose liberation, a treating liquor from
"smelt" derived from wastes of cellulose treating, or
liberating processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for digestion combined with means to heat the used
digestion chemicals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for apparatus for regenerating, reclaiming, or
destroying used digestion agents.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for the preparation, or recovery of inorganic compounds, not
combined with a fiber treating, or liberating step and for
the line between the classes, see the note to Class 162, in
the definition of Class 423, Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class.
Subclass:
30.11
Treatment of kraft pulping chemicals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1. Subject
matter wherein the waste liquor being treated results from
the kraft (i.e., sulfate) process for paper fiber
liberation.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which organic constituent suspended in a liquid is oxidized
in situ, without removing all the liquid.
(1) Note. This type of destruction of organic constituent
is known as "liquid phase oxidation".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 238 for furnaces for burning wet
fuel, (e.g., sewage).
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 63 for
processes for purifying a liquid by an oxidizing treatment.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which the original fiber liberation liquor contains an
organic compound or an element other than sodium, calcium,
magnesium, oxygen, carbon, hydrogen or sulfur.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which waste liquors from at least two different types of
fiber digestion or treatment are mixed before or after
destruction of the organic ingredient or smelting.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which a charge of fibrous material is subjected to two
successive dissimilar chemical treatments.
(1) Note. The dissimilarity may reside in any one or more
of the following factors: composition or concentration of the
treating medium, the temperature, pressure or time of the
treatment, etc.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which waste liquor is subjected to a destruction of contained
organic material or is smelted and subsequently the residue
is reconstituted into a cellulose liberation liquor which is
chemically different than that originally employed for
treating the fibrous material.
(1) Note. This subclass provides, for example, for the
treatment of the waste liquor from a "sulfate" process by
smelting and converting the residue into a sulfite type
cellulose liberation liquor.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Processes in
which the waste liquor from a cellulose digestion with a
sulfite or sulfur dioxide is subjected to smelting or the
destruction of a contained organic material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for processes of digesting or treating cellulosic fibrous
material with a sulfite or sulfur dioxide.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in
which liquor resulting from a chemical treatment of one batch
of fibrous material is subsequently used for the chemical
treatment of a different batch of fibrous material.
(1) Note. In this and indented subclasses are placed all
processes in which liquor or chemicals from a digestion or
fiber treating operation is subjected to treatment which
under the disclosure conditions it for reuse for fiber
digestion or treatment, regardless of whether the reuse is
claimed unless it is positively disclosed that it is reused
on the same fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for processes in which used treating liquor or agent is
reused on the same fibrous material.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes which
include the addition of chemicals other than water or steam,
to waste liquor, prior to reuse thereof.
(1) Note. The purpose of the addition of chemicals to the
used digestion fluid is of no significance. Thus, addition
may be for the removal of impurities, as well as for
enhancing the chemical activity of the liquor during
subsequent use.
(2) Note. The added chemicals, of the above definition, may
be previously unused materials or other regenerated waste
liquor, as well as any other material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45 for the addition of fresh chemicals to digestion fluid
while moving in a closed circuit to and from the same fibrous
mass.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Processes in
which the chemicals are added to the used digestion fluid in
the digester in which the regenerated fluid is employed for
digesting or treating the second batch of fibrous material.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Processes in
which digestion fluid resulting from treatment of one batch
of fibrous material is employed without treatment or
modification for treatment of a different batch of fibrous
material.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in
which the used fiber liberation or treating agent is
separated from the fibrous mass and returned and reused on
the same fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for digesters with fluid circulation means.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in
which some property of the digestion fluid is altered during
the circulation thereof.
(1) Note. Many of the patents appearing in this subclass
involve heating the digestion fluid during circulation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for digesters, combined with means for recirculating the
digestion fluid and means for heating the fluid during
recirculation.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes in
which a portion of the fiber treating fluid is removed from
the recirculating stream thereof.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes in
which at least a part of the removed portion of fiber
treating fluid is combined with the remainder of the
recirculating fiber treating fluid before it is again brought
into association with the fibrous mass.
(1) Note. In many of the patents of this subclass, gases or
vapors separated from the fiber treating liquid are
recombined therewith.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes in
which chemicals, other than water or steam, are added to the
fiber treating fluid being recirculated.
(1) Note. The "added chemicals" of the above definition
have the significance indicated in (2) Note under the
definition of subclass 38.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for the addition of chemicals to fluid which has been
used in treating one batch of fibers, to fortify it for use
on another batch of fibers.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in
which the fluid being circulated consists of steam.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a separation or recovery of heat from the
chemical digestion or treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for processes of fiber digestion or treatment combined
with means to cool the liquid so as to freeze at least a
portion thereof.
239 for a digester combined with means to recover heat
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses, for heat exchange
methods and apparatus not otherwise provided for.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
involve a treatment of the apparatus employed to clean,
preserve or condition it for use in the digestion operation.
(1) Note. This subclass takes the above steps in
combination with digestion or fiber treating steps or such
cleaning, preserving, or conditioning steps, per se, if not
otherwise provided for. This subclass includes, for example,
digestion in the presence of an autocorrosion agent or
performed in such a manner as to prevent corrosion of the
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for processes involving the cleaning, preserving,
conditioning or repairing apparatus used in the making of
webs or articles from liberated fibers.
272 for apparatus for performing processes classified in
subclass 199.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 27 for a glassworking
and/or treating process including a step of repairing or
cleaning of apparatus.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for processes of cleaning, not otherwise provided
for, but not combined with fiber digestion.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly
141 for processes of cleaning by electrolysis not combined
with fiber digestion.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a step of sampling, or chemically or physically
determining some property or characteristic of the fibers or
treating fluid.
(1) Note. The testing, etc., may be performed on fibers or
treating fluid without disturbing their normal flow, or upon
a sample extracted from such flow.
(2) Note. Processes which are carried out at specified
temperatures, pressures, or "until acid", for example, are
not classified in this subclass even though a test or
measurement might be necessary to determine the temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for processes of chemically or physically determining
some property or characteristic of fibers combined with a
paper making operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 377 for a glassworking and/or
treating process including a step of testing or inspecting.
73, Measuring and Testing, especially 53.03 for testing
physical properties of pulp not combined with fiber
digestion.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for
processes of chemical testing of fibers or digestion fluid
not combined with fiber digestion.
Subclass:
50
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which electrical or radiant energy is directly applied to
fibrous material.
(1) Note. Indirect electrical heating, such as by contact
of fibrous material with an electrically heated plate, is not
included. Included are, for example, exposure to high
frequency electric discharge, corona discharge, ultraviolet
or infrared radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
192 for processes involving the application of electrical or
wave energy directly to an unfinished fibrous web or
article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 689-694
for electrolytic treatment of organic fibrous material.
Subclass:
51
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include a step of controlling odors given off in connection
with the fiber treating or digestion process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 5 for
process of deodorizing not otherwise provided for.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 76 for a deodorant composition, per se.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses depending on the chemical composition
of the odors.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include a step of charging a reaction vessel with fibrous
material or discharging it therefrom, or from another vessel
closely associated therewith, such as a blowpit.
(1) Note. A broadly recited step of "charging", "loading",
"discharging", "blowing", etc., is not a sufficient basis for
placing a process in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for processes involving continuous charging or
discharging of cellulosic material into and out of a reaction
vessel.
246 for the combination of a digester and means for charging
and/or discharging the same.
Subclass:
53
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include a step of subjecting the fibrous material and/or
treating fluid to a subatmospheric pressure.
(1) Note. Processes in which fibrous material is first
subjected to a steaming treatment followed by treatment with
a cold liquid which causes condensation of the steam, are not
included in this subclass even though a momentary vacuum is
caused to exist within the fibrous material.
Subclass:
54
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include a step of lowering the temperature so as to freeze at
least a portion of the liquid employed in the fiber
liberation or treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for digestion processes combined with the step of
recovering heat therefrom.
239 for a digester combined with means to recover heat
therefrom.
SEARCH CLASS:
62 Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, for refrigeration
processes and apparatus.
Subclass:
55
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a step of separating solid components of the
fibrous material undergoing chemical treatment, from one
another, in grades or classes according to physical
characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for processes for the separation of
solids from solids in grades or classes according to physical
characteristics.
Subclass:
56
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a step of applying a mechanical force to the
fibrous material, of sufficient magnitude to remove at least
a portion of a liquid associated with such material from the
cells or surfaces thereof, or to knead or rub the fibrous
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for processes involving compressing, squeezing or
compacting of the fibrous material in connection with
continuous digestion or continuous charging or discharging of
the fibrous material.
20 through 28, for processes which include a defibration or
comminution of the fibrous material.
Subclass:
57
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes which
include imparting to the fibrous material and/or fluid
treating agent some positive motion during the treating or
digestion operation.
(1) Note. Agitation caused solely by the bubbling or
boiling of the treating liquid is not sufficient to place the
process in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for processes of continuous digestion or continuous
charging or discharging of the fibrous material.
41 for processes in which the treating fluid is separated
from the fibrous material and recirculated to the digestion
operation.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in
which motion is imparted to the fibrous material and/or
treating liquid by rotation of the treating vessel.
Subclass:
59
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes in
which the fibrous material and/or treating liquid is forced
to travel in a closed path by circuit defining elements of
the apparatus employed.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
combined with a step of passing a nonreactive liquid through
the fibrous material so as to remove undesired material
therefrom.
(1) Note. Processes in which the washing is included only
broadly, as by name only, are not included but are classified
elsewhere on other bases.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing: Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly subclass
156 for processes of washing of pulp or fibers.
Subclass:
61
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
directed to controlling the conditions of the digestion or
fiber treatment, e.g., temperature, pressure, feed of fibers
or treating agent, etc.
(1) Note. Chemical treatment of fibrous material involving
the use of a specified pressure or temperature for example is
not sufficient by itself to justify classification in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for digestion processes combined with a sampling or
testing or analysis step.
Subclass:
62
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Processes in
which the operating condition controlled is the concentration
of a fiber treating agent.
Subclass:
63
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
wherein the fibrous material is forcibly and directly
contacted with a gas, vapor or mist during digestion or
chemical treatment for some purpose other than drying.
(1) Note. Admission of a gas or vapor into a portion of a
reaction vessel in which the fibers are immersed in a liquid
is not sufficient basis for classification in this or
indented subclasses unless it positively appears that there
is direct contact with the fibrous material. Nor is the
generation of a gas in situ by a chemical reaction of two
liquids sufficient basis for classification in this group of
subclasses.
(2) Note. The gas, vapor or mist may be nonreactive with
the fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for processes of digestion including a mechanical
defibration in the presence of a gas under elevated
temperatures and pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in
which the gas or vapor is sulfur dioxide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for processes of digestion or treatment of fibrous
material with a sulfite or sulfur dioxide (not involving
gas-fiber contact).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
65
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in
which the gas or vapor is oxygen, ozone or air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for processes of fiber digestion or treatment by
percolating the treating fluid therethrough, even though the
fibrous material may contact the ambient air.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in
which the gas, vapor or mist contains chlorine, free or
combined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for processes of digestion or treating fibrous material
with a chlorine containing agent (not involving gas-fiber
contact).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
67
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Processes in
which the gas or vapor is chlorine dioxide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Processes in
which steam is the only gas or vapor coming into direct
contact with the fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
69
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which a mass of fibers is impregnated with a chemical agent
to such a limited extent that the agent does not form a
continuous liquid phase completely enveloping the fibrous
material.
(1) Note. In many of the patents, a slow digestion of the
fibrous material takes place while the material is in
storage, as by percolating through a fixed bed of fibrous
material.
Subclass:
70
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes in
which the fibrous material is treated with a particular,
identified treating agent or chemical.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses also provide for
particular treating compositions or mixtures employed in the
digestion or treatment. Such compositions are classified
with the corresponding process.
(2) Note. Processes classified in this or indented
subclasses may involve a plurality of the same or different
distinct treatment steps, the particular agent used must be
identified in at least one step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30.1 for processes of preparation of fiber treating agents
from smelts or residues left from waste treating agent from a
previous digestion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 115.5 for chemical
treatment or modification of dry paper.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter
relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions,
dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or
wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or speading);
subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at
least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to
use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions
and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for
or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting
colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or
systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or
inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
71
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which the fibrous material being treated includes groundwood
or sawdust.
Subclass:
72
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which an organic compound is used as the fiber treating
agent.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope of the term
"organic compound" and of the various types of organic
compound provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes which
involve the use of inorganic chlorine containing material in
addition to an organic compound.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes in
which a chlorine containing organic compound is used.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes in
which a fat, fatty oil or a higher fatty acid is employed.
(1) Note. By "fats" and "fatty oils" is meant the
glycerides of higher fatty acids, including naturally
occurring mixtures thereof present in a single oil or fat.
By "higher fatty acid" is meant a carboxylic acid containing
an unbroken chain of at least 7 carbon atoms bonded to a
carboxyl group, e.g., lauric, palmatic, stearic, oleic,
ricinoleic, linoleic, and behenolic. Where there are several
unbroken chains of carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group,
one of the chains must contain at least 7 carbon atoms.
Included in this subclass also are salts, amides, esters and
anhydrides of such acids.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes in
which an organic acid, salt or ester thereof is employed.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes in
which an alcohol or phenol is employed.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a so- called inorganic "per" compound is employed.
(1) Note. Includes as "per" compounds are those having
oxygen atoms bonded to each other, as in hydrogen peroxide
and sodium per perborate, for example, as well as other "per"
compounds having oxygen containing anions such as
perchlorates, permanganates, etc.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a chemical containing aluminum or a metal having a
specific gravity greater than four is employed.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for instance, processes
of parchmentizing with zinc chloride.
Subclass:
80
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a chemical containing phosphorus, boron or silicon is
employed.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a chemical containing an oxide of nitrogen an acid of a
nitrogen oxide or salt thereof is employed.
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a chemical containing sulfur is employed.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, processes of
parchmentizing with sulfuric acid.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Processes in
which a chemical containing a sulfite or free
SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 processes of digesting or treating fibers in which the
fibers are contacted with sulfur dioxide in the gaseous
state.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Processes in
which the fibrous material is subjected to a plurality of
separate dissimilar chemical treatments, at least one of
which involves treatment with SO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt] or
a sulfite.
(1) Note. The separate treatments may differ in composition
or concentration of the treating medium, temperature, or
pressure, of treatment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 especially subclass 36 for processes of sulfite digestion
in which the waste liquor is regenerated, reclaimed, reused
or recycled.
Subclass:
85
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Processes in
which a chlorine containing material is employed in at least
one stage.
(1) Note. The chlorine containing material may be used in
combination with the sulfite or sulfur dioxide in the same
stage or in a stage separate therefrom in a multistage
process.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Processes in
which a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal, ammonium,
an alkaline earth metal or magnesium is employed in at least
one of the separate treatments.
(1) Note. The alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium and cesium.
(2) Note. The alkaline earth metals are calcium, strontium
and barium.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a chlorine containing material is employed.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this and indented
subclasses are directed to the bleaching of fibrous pulps.
Subclass:
88
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Processes in
which the fibrous material is subjected to a plurality of
separate, dissimilar chemical treatments, at least one of
which involves treatment with a chlorine containing
material.
(1) Note. The separate treatments may differ in composition
or concentration of the treating medium, temperature or
pressure, of the treatment, etc.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Processes in
which a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal, ammonium,
an alkaline earth metal or magnesium is employed in at least
one of the separate treatments.
(1) Note. The alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium and cesium.
(2) Note. The alkaline earth metals are calcium, strontium
and barium.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Processes in
which a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal, ammonium,
an alkaline earth metal or magnesium is employed.
(1) Note. The alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium and cesium.
(2) Note. The alkaline earth metals are calcium, strontium
and barium.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of a
particular species or type of cellulosic fibrous material.
(1) Note. In this and indented subclasses are placed
processes of treating and digesting fibrous material of
particular specified kinds of sources. In view of the fact
that most fiber digesting processes are provided for in
preceding subclasses, these subclasses contain many cross
references of patents provided for above. Cross references
of patents classified in subclasses 100 and 232, disclosing
the use of fibers from particular sources, may also be found
herein.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for the digestion of
particular species of wood fibers.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of petrified
vegetable material, such as peat or lignite.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of the
tissues of the woody stem which are outside the cambium layer
of the plant, that is the bark.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of bamboo.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of raw staple
cotton or the short fibers which adhere to cottonseed after
the ginning operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for processes of treating the hulls of cottonseeds.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of sugar cane
after the sugar has been extracted, such cane in crushed or
other comminuted form, or is derived from cornstalk.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of a cereal
grass or straw.
(1) Note. The most common cereals involved are wheat, rye,
oat, barley and rice.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical treatment of flax,
hemp, jute or ramie.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass, the term "hemp"
includes Manila hemp (Musa textilis) and sisal hemp (Agave)
as well as true hemp (Cannabis sative).
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Processes
directed to the digestion or chemical in which the material
treatment of fibrous material, other than a wood, not
provided for in any of the preceding subclasses (92-98).
(1) Note. Types of material, the treatment of which is
classifiable in this subclass, are noncereal grasses such as
esparto, as well as leaves, roots, reeds, stems, seaweed and
other forms of aquatic plant life.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes, for depositing fibers from a liquid suspension
thereof to form an interfelted fibrous product (paper),
combinations of such fiber depositing steps with other
treatments of the deposited fibrous product, treatments of
the deposited product prior to the final drying thereof not
otherwise provided for, paper treating processes not
otherwise provided for, and products of such processes not
otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. In processes classified in this or indented
subclass the fibrous nature of the product must be retained.
Processes in which the fibers are converted to a nonfibrous
form are classified in the appropriate material working
class, e.g., Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article
Shaping or Treating: Processes.
(2) Note. In this and indented subclasses the articles are
usually classified with the corresponding processes, however,
certain subclasses by their nature, as for example, those
providing for various manipulative procedures, take only
processes, the products being old or conventional or
classifiable elsewhere on other bases.
(3) Note. Articles and materials provided for in other
classes are not classified in this class (162) merely because
they are made of paper (deposited fibers).
(4) Note. Indented subclasses (141-181) also, include the
products under "E." of the class definition of this class
(162).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for processes of digesting fibrous material combined with
forming a web or article from the liberated fibers.
232 and 252 to 411, 415 and 416, for apparatus for forming
paper from fibrous materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 90.01 for processes restricted burnishing
or the combination of burnishing and calendering of a dried
felted fibrous product.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for processes restricted to drying of wet felted
material by evaporation of the moisture contained therein.
100, Presses, for processes restricted to mechanically
expressing liquid from a wet felted web, and processes for
calendering a dried web, with or without the steps of
moistening and/or drying, the steps of calendering,
moistening and drying being taken in any order.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes under the
class definition for forming articles from rewetted paper,
see References to Other Classes in the class definitions of
this class (162) and (1) Note above, sor a search note to
Class 264.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes
of coating paper not combined with a paper making step, or
where the paper is not still wet from the paper forming
operation, and for processes of coating dried felted fibrous
material.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, appropriate subclasses for
making an article from finished paper.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of forming pores or other type of open space
in situ within a felted body during or subsequent to the
felting operation, and products of such processes.
(1) Note. The pores are usually formed by introducing a gas
under pressure to the interior of the felted body or by
generating a gas in situ in such body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 particularly subclass 181 for formation of porous paper
by the addition of a porous material thereto, e.g., expanded
perlite.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 601, and 672+ for
processes of making various types of coating or plastic
compositions, including a step forming pores in situ in the
composition.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 39 and 80+ for
pore-forming ceramic compositions.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 50 for
pore-forming, per se, in a synthetic resin composition when
the composition in which the pores are formed is a synthetic
resin.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes in
which the fibers are deposited from a liquid other than
water.
(1) Note. Liquids are considered to be nonaqueous if the
medium includes more than 50 percent of such nonaqueous
liquid. Examples of such nonaqueous liquids are alcohols,
turpentine, toluene, gasoline, etc.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes in
which a web or article deposited from a liquid suspension of
fibers (waterlaid) is united with a solid preformed body not
so deposited either during fiber deposition or prior to final
drying thereof, and products of such processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for the combination of a process of this class followed
by a laminating step such as is provided for in Class 156,
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.
219 for processes of forming composite articles consisting
of a plurality of separately waterlaid components.
267 for apparatus for molding pulp with a nonpulp insert or
preform.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes in
which the nonwaterlaid preform is positioned between and in
contact with separately formed waterlaid webs, and the
products thereof.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes in
which the nonwaterlaid preform is a metal, and products of
such processes.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Processes in
which the metal is disclosed as being used as a conductor of
electricity, and the products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47 for processes of making electrical conductors of
indefinite length, not otherwise provided for.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, appropriate
subclasses, for electric conductors.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes in
which the nonwaterlaid preform contains glass, and the
products thereof.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Processes in
which the nonwaterlaid preform is a woven fabric or comprises
a plurality of parallel strands or filaments; and the
products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 181 for a woven fabric and subclasses 304+ for a knit
fabric.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes for
producing an essentially flat web or sheet having some
irregularity or variation from the plane configuration, which
variation is slight in proportion to the web's length and
width so as not to destroy its essentially flat condition,
and the webs or sheets so produced.
(1) Note. The irregularity may be produced during the
deposition of the fibers or by a subsequent treatment of the
undried web.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for processes for the production of discrete and finite
shaped articles by deposition of fibers, which shaped
articles may have a pronounced irregularity and be
nonplanar.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
including a step or redistributing the fibers in the web or
sheet or altering their configuration in a limited area of
the web or sheet so as to produce a mark or design in the
product which is visible when viewed by transmitted light,
and the products of such processes.
(1) Note. The watermark is most frequently produced by a
raised or depressed pattern on a dandy roll. In the former
case, there is less fiber at the mark than in the balance of
the sheet; in the latter case, there is more fiber. In either
case, there is a difference in transparency between the area
of the mark in the one hand and the balance of the sheet on
the other.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes in
which the irregularity imparted to the web or sheet is a
crinkle, or wrinkle effect known as a "crepe", usually
substantially over the entire surface, and the products of
such processes.
(1) Note. The paper treated may be dry and rewetted for the
creping operation, or may still be wet from the papermaking
operation during the creping operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for corrugating, crinkling, creping
and embossing, particularly subclass 183, 205+, 210, and
219+.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 153 for
creped paper, and subclasses 174+ for a stock material
product embodying a non- planar uniform-thickness (e.g.,
corrugated, pleated) component with or without a coating.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Processes
combined with the deposited fibrous material or uniting the
deposited layer to a second (1) coating layer and products of
such processes.
(1) Note. The term "coating" signifies both the application
of a surface layer to a base, and penetration of the interior
of the base by impregnation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for apparatus for making a paper web or article combined
with a coating means.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Processes
combined with a step of deforming the web or sheet in
addition to the creping or crinkling, and the products
thereof.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes in
which the configuration is imparted to the web or sheet by
formation of an opening which extends completely through the
thickness of the web or sheet, and the products thereof.
(1) Note. The opening may be formed by a suitable raised or
marked portion on the forming means, as well as by subsequent
mechanical penetration of the web or sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for apparatus for forming a web or article combined with
means to perforate the web or article.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes in
which the configuration is imparted to the web or sheet by
the direct action of a fluid under pressure thereon, and the
products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for apparatus for making a running or indefinite length
web with means to treat the web with fluid pressure acting
directly on the work on the mold surface.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes in
which the configuration is imparted to the web or sheet by
deposition of the fibers upon a forming mold having an
irregular surface and the products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
296 for apparatus for forming a running or indefinite length
product which includes an irregular or configured forming
surface.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes in
which an irregular configuration is imparted to the web or
sheet subsequent to its removal from the surface upon which
it was formed, and the products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes within the
class definition, which may involve the shaping, molding or
embossing a preformed paper sheet either dry or with
rewetting thereof.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of winding or wrapping a wet web upon
itself, or upon a core to produce a multiply tubular
article.
(1) Note. This group of subclasses takes processes of
forming tubes by winding followed by cutting the tube axially
and flattening it out into a sheet. Products of processes of
this and indented subclasses are classified on the basis of
the character of the product.
(2) Note. Winding can take place, for example, by (1)
passing the web at least once about the longitudinal axis of
the article being formed, without displacement of the web
axially of such article, resulting in the formation of a
multilayered article, with each turn in close proximity to
the immediately preceding and immediately succeeding turns,
or (2) by advancing the web axially of the product being
made, while revolving the web about such axis, resulting in
the formation of a single ply tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for multilayer webs or sheets which may be produced by
winding, followed by cutting the tube axially, and flattening
it out into a sheet.
283 for paper making apparatus including means for winding
the paper product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 100-178,
especially subclasses 129+, 144, 150, and 154 for spirally
wound layers or pipes.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 520 for convolute
winding.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes
which include the application of a coating to the undried
web, either before, during or after winding.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes
which include a step of cutting the fibrous material or
removing a portion thereof, following winding.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes
combined with a step of heating the fibrous material.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes
combined with a step of applying mechanical pressure to the
fibrous material.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes in
which a plurality of formed fibrous webs or sheets are united
prior to the final drying of at least one of the webs or
sheets and the products thereof.
(1) Note. The uniting may be during the formation of one or
more of the fibrous layers or may be accomplished by the
folding or lapping of an undried fibrous layer upon itself.
For example, the layers must be separately formed, or formed
at different times or places, a single source of pulp may
supply a plurality of forming means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for processes in which plural layers are formed by a
winding operation. Layered products, not otherwise provided
for are found in this or indented subclasses (123+).
188 for processes of producing from a unitary source of pulp
suspension or from a plurality of contiguous sources of pulp
suspension, a single-ply web or sheet, characterized by a
gradual transition or other nonuniformity, in the nature of
the fiber, in progressing from one surface of the product to
the other.
196 for processes involving a step of folding, twisting or
rolling, where the product is not a multilayered web or
sheet. Subclass 196 takes processes of producing pulp
rovings by rolling a narrow strip of a waterlaid strip upon
itself.
203 for processes of producing a homogeneous single-ply web
or sheet by means of two forming members, in which two webs,
felted on the respective forming means, are in contact with a
common pulp bath at the time the webs are joined.
298 for apparatus for applying a plurality of separate
streams of fibrous pulp to the same mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 150 and 156+ for
pipes produced by winding a web, in a plurality of turns, to
desired thickness.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses, for processes of adhesively uniting
preformed layers of material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet not provided for in any
other class.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in
which a nonfibrous material is added between waterlaid webs
or sheets, and the products thereof.
(1) Note. The nonfibrous material may be applied in the
form of a liquid film, or in the form of granules or flakes.
For the purpose of this subclass water is not regarded as
coming within the term, "nonfiber".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for processes wherein a solid preformed body or layer is
positioned between formed fibrous layers.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in
which at least one layer or the fibers thereof differ in some
property from another layer or the fibers thereof, and the
products thereof.
(1) Note. Examples of properties in which the layers may
differ, provided for in this subclass are: density,
thickness, width, and absorbency.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes in
which at least two layers are of different colors or have
different color or other type of visual effects, and the
products thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for processes of forming a single fibrous layer having a
coloring material added thereto.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes in
which at least two layers are associated with different
amounts or types of a nonfibrous organic material, and the
products thereof.
(1) Note. The difference may reside in the fact that one
layer is mixed with an organic material, while the adjoining
layer is free of organic material. The organic material need
not be specifically identified. It is sufficient if a
functional term such as "sizing", indicative of the organic
nature of the additive, is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 through 180, for processes of adding nonfibrous organic
material to a fiber slurry, pulp or wet web, and the
resulting products.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes in
which at least two layers are associated with different
amounts of nonfibrous inorganic material, and the products
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for processes of adding nonfibrous inorganic material to
a fiber slurry, pulp or wet web.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes in
which the fibers of at least two layers differ in some
property, and the corresponding products.
(1) Note. The making of a composite product by joining a
cellulosic web and an asbestos or animal fiber web is
included in this subclass.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes in
which the fibers of one layer are of a different dimension or
range of dimensions from those in another layer, and the
corresponding products.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188 for processes of preparing single ply waterlaid products
having a nonuniform distribution of fibers.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes in
which the major axis of some fibers of one layer are at an
angle to the major axis of some fibers in another layer, and
the corresponding products.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in
which a web or sheet is deposited on each of a plurality of
separate forming means and subsequently united after
substantial felting of each web or sheet has taken place.
(1) Note. This subclass takes processes in which a
plurality of separately formed webs are united while one of
the webs is still in contact with its forming means, as well
as those in which pressure rolls, momentarily in contact with
the work, effect association of the webs.
(2) Note. This subclass does not take products. For
products of processes classifiable in this subclass, see the
appropriate one of subclasses 123+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 through 131, for processes of producing multilayer
waterlaid webs or sheets involving the use of a single
forming means, or in which a second layer is waterlaid in
situ directly on the surface of a previously formed layer,
and for products formed by processes classified in this or
indented subclasses (132+).
300 for apparatus for carrying out processes classified in
this or indented subclass.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes in
which the separately formed webs or sheets are brought into
association while at least one of them is supported by a
member, other than a forming mold, which moves bodily with
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for apparatus for carrying out the processes of this
subclass (133).
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a treatment of the web or sheet which provides it
with a surface having one or more areas which are different
from other areas in coloring or appearance and the resulting
products.
(1) Note. The treatment may take the form of agitation of a
web at some stage of its formation, or a specialized coating
operation, such as printing or the addition of a medium which
provides a mottled or marbled effect. The coating may be in
the form of flakes, granules or fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for the formation of a multilayered web, one layer of
which bears printing or variegated coloring on a surface.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
combined with a step of coating the deposited product after
it has been substantially freed of the water derived from a
paper making operation.
(1) Note. The use of water alone as a moistening or
humidifying medium on a dry sheet or web is not regarded as
coating for the purpose of this group of subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
158 particularly subclasses 184+, for processes of coating a
web or sheet while it is still wet from a waterlaying
operation.
225 for processes of board making involving moistening or
rehumidification.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 567 for a paper web or sheet
impregnated with a defined liquid dielectric composition.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Processes
which include some treatment of the coating after application
thereof to the formed paper product.
(1) Note. For the purposes of classification broad
references to drying or calendering of the coating are not
regarded sufficient to cause classification in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 331 for coating combined with a
post-treatment of the coating.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Processes
which include the application of a plurality of layers of
dissimilar coating materials.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes for
producing a product having specified electrical or magnetic
properties, and the resulting products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 567 for a paper web or sheet
impregnated with a defined liquid dielectric composition.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, 129 and 247+ for separators combined
with battery structure and separators, per se, respectively.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes for
producing paper disclosed as being suitable for use as the
outer covering of a cigarette or cigar, and products
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
131, Tobacco, subclass 365 for paper, intended for use as a
covering for cigars or cigarettes, which contains tobacco and
for cigarette or cigar paper of specified shape or structure
specializing it for this use.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes for
making (1) a product of such specialized structure as to
enable one to identify the source or maker thereof or to
detect attempts to reproduce such structure by unauthorized
persons or (2) a product of such character that attempts to
alter its appearance can be detected by visual or other type
of sensing means; and resulting products.
(1) Note. Examples of the type of paper forming the basis
of this subclass are: various forms of paper produced by the
Government such as currency, bonds, stamps, visas, and
financial instruments such as checks, and bank notes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 199
for a stock material product which has a developable image or
soluble portions which indicate when alterations are
attempted, and subclass 916 (a cross-reference art
collection) for a product which indicates attempts at
tampering therewith.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
involving the deposition of fibers from a liquid suspension
containing a plurality of different types of fibers, so as to
form a single layer (web or article) in which the different
fibers are homogeneously distributed, and the resulting
products.
(1) Note. Different types of fibers must be deposited to
form the product to justify classification of processes and
products in this or indented subclass. Thus, this group
excludes processes of treating a slurry of two types of
fibers in such a way that one type is gelatinized to the
point where it completely loses its fibrous nature.
(2) Note. This subclass (141) contains processes of forming
pulps or paper products from mixtures of pulps from different
wood sources, as well as pulps derived from different
chemical treatments of the same or different woods, e.g., a
mixture of kraft and sulfite pulps.
(3) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188 for processes of producing a web or article having a
nonuniform distribution of mixed fibers, and the resulting
products, as where coarse fibers are concentrated at one
portion, and fine fibers at another, with or without a
gradual transition in respective fiber content at
intermediate points.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layer stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber), or external structure (e.g.,
corrugated sheet), where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying), other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which one of the fibrous components is undigested
cellulosic fiber, such as groundwood or sawdust.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for processes involving the chemical liberation or
purification of groundwood or sawdust.
150 for processes and products in which undigested
cellulosic fibers constitute the sole fibrous component.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which one of the fibrous components is
proteinaceous or are fibers of animal origin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for processes and products in which animal or
proteinaceous fibers constitute the sole fibrous material.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Processes and
products which include leather fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for processes and products in which leather fibers
constitute the sole fibrous material.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which one of the fibrous components is mineral in
origin.
(1) Note. The mineral fibers most frequently used are
asbestos and glass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 for processes and products in which mineral fibers
constitute the sole fibrous material.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which one of the fibrous components comprise
synthetically produced fibers.
(1) Note. Examples of synthetic fibers are synthetic
resins, cellulose esters and chemically modified cellulosic
fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157.1 for processes and products in which synthetic fibers
constitute the sole fibrous material.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which one of the fibrous components comprises
fabric, rags, or previously used rags.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass, broke, trim and
wet lap are not regarded as waste paper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for processes for chemically liberating or purifying fiber
from textile wastes, waste paper, etc.
191 for processes of recovering pulp, in the form of broke,
trim or wet lap.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Process and
products in which one fibrous component comprises fibers from
a nonwood source.
(1) Note. Cotton, bagasse, straw and flax are examples of
nonwood fibers found in this subclass.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes and
products in which the fibrous component differ from each
other in dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188 for processes of producing a web or sheet having a
nonuniform distribution of fibers of different dimensions,
and the resulting products, as where coarse fibers are
concentrated at one portion, and fine fibers at another, with
or without a gradual transition in respective fiber content
at intermediate points.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products which include undigested cellulose, such as
groundwood or sawdust.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for processes and products which include undigested
cellulose fiber mixed with a different fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layer stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber), or external structure (e.g.,
corrugated sheet), where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying), other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products which include proteinaceous fibers or fibers of
animal origin.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for processes of chemically liberating or purifying animal
fibers.
143 for processes and products containing animal or
proteinaceous fibers mixed with a different fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layer stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber), or external structure (e.g.,
corrugated sheet), where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying), other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products which contain mineral fibers.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for processes of chemically liberating or purifying
mineral fibers.
145 for processes and products containing mineral fibers
mixed with a different fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 110 for forming articles by uniting
randomly associated particles of mica.
428, Stock Material Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layer stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber), or external structure (e.g.,
corrugated sheet), where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying), other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Processes and
products which include asbestos fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses dealing with asbestos.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes and
products in which Portland cement is associated with
asbestos.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 703 for
plastic or coating compositions, not deposited from a
suspension, which include Portland cement and a fibrous
filler, (e.g., asbestos).
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Processes and
products which include an organic material in addition to
asbestos.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
145 for processes and products which include a mixture of
asbestos and an organic fibrous material.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Processes and
products which include glass fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 2 for a process of making glass
fibers or mineral wool.
Subclass:
157.1
Synthetic fiber (including chemically modified cellulose):
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products which include synthetically produced fibers or
chemically modified natural fibers.
(1) Note. This subclass takes the formation of felted
products from such fibers as regenerated cellulose, cellulose
ethers and esters, synthetic resins, and wool-like cellulosic
fibers, as well as such formation combined with the synthetic
production or chemical modification of the fibers, in any
sequence.
(2) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for processes and products which include such synthetic
fibers in admixture with other fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layer stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber), or external structure (e.g.,
corrigated sheet), where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying), other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
157.2
Synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Processes
and products in which the fibers consist of synthetic resin,
that is, complex organic compounds produced from ingredients
which are nonresinous in themselves and which compounds
simulate natural resins in that they are usually adapted for
forming films or fibers or for use as binders in plastic
compositions.
(1) Note. Fibers which are primarily carbohydrates or
derivatives thereof are excluded from this subclass or
subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
157.3
Polyamide, polyester or polyurethane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.2. Processes
and products in which the fibers consist of synthetic resin
containing recurring amides, ester or carbonic acid half
amides, half ester, i.e., urethane groups in the main polymer
chain.
Subclass:
157.4
Polymerized unsaturated compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.2. Processes
and products in which the fibers consist of an addition
polymer through carbon to carbon unsaturation, i.e., a double
or triple bond linking two adjacent carbon atoms.
Subclass:
157.5
Hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.4. Processes
and products in which the fibers are carbon to carbon
unsaturated compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen or
carbon, hydrogen and halogen.
Subclass:
157.6
Cellulosic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.1. Processes
and products in which the fibers consist of cellulosic
material.
Subclass:
157.7
Regenerated cellulose, viscose or rayon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157.6. Processes
and products in which the cellulosic fibers include
regenerated cellulose, viscose or rayon.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products in which a nonfibrous material, other than the
suspending water is added, either to the fibrous material
prior to deposition, or to the deposited fibrous product
prior to the final drying thereof, and the fibrous products
so produced.
(1) Note. The added material need not remain in the
ultimate product, but may be merely transitory. Processes
and products are, in general, classified in this and indented
subclasses on the basis of the particular additive, subclass
183 providing for processes which involve some particular
manipulation of incorporation (many by way of cross
references).
(2) Note. The scope of indented subclasses providing for
particular additives is determined by the definition of the
class or subclass providing for the particular additive, per
se, e.g., Classes 23, Chemistry: Physical Processes and 260,
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
(3) Note. This subclass includes the products under "E." of
the class definition of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for processes of chemically liberating or purifying fiber
combined with incorporating a nonfiber material in the final
product.
135 for processes of forming a fibrous web combined with
incorporating a nonfiber material after final drying of the
fibrous web or article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a coated, impregnated, or bonded stock
material product, not elsewhere provided for, and appropriate
subclasses for a fiber or fiber containing single or plural
layers stock material product with either internal structure
(e.g., crimped fiber) or external structured (e.g.,
corrugated or pleated) where the sole disclosed method of
manufacture is some process (e.g., air-laying) other than a
process of fiber deposition from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products in which the additive renders the final fibrous
product fireproof.
(1) Note. Patents are placed in this subclass only when the
additive has the specific effect of imparting fireproof
qualities.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 15.05 for
fireproofing coating compositions.
252, Compositions, 601 for fire retarding agents.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 921
for an art collection of flameproof products.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a nonfiber additive which acts as a
preservative for the paper or is an agent for preventing
oxidation.
(1) Note. Processes and products which preserve paper
merely by exclusion of the atmosphere are not included, such
processes and products are usually classified on the basis of
the identity of the nonfiber additive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 380 for preservative agents.
426, Foods and Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 138, 178+, for food products having
antioxidants and subclass 228, for a food antioxidant, per
se.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Processes and
products in which the additive has the affect of destroying
living plants or animals, (e.g., a poison).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 15.05 for biocidal
and antifouling coating compositions.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclass for a composition for destroying an
animal or micro-organism, i.e., a biocidal composition. See
especially 27 for a paper base (carrier or vehicle) coated
or impregnated with a composition of that class.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclasses
116.1-367 for a composition for destroying plant life
(including algae), especially subclasses 150+ for processes
of killing algae, which may be part of a slime material,
which are no more involved than the mere addition of a
compound or composition to the slime material.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products including the addition to the fibers of (1) a dye,
or (2) a pigment or chemical agent which produces a color in
the product other than white.
(1) Note. If a "pigment" is claimed, there must be a
positive disclosure that the product has a color other than
white, in order to justify inclusion of a process or product
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for processes of producing a multilayered web or sheet
in which the layers have different colors and products
thereof.
181.1 for processes and products which include a pigment
such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, etc., which
impart a white color.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, see subclasses 400-696
for processes of dyeing finished dry paper.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products in which the additive is derived in whole or in part
from the fibers being treated.
(1) Note. The nonfiber material may be extracted from the
raw fiber-containing material and later added to the same
batch of material from which it was derived, or to a
different batch. The nonfiber material may also be the
reaction product of an original constituent of the plant,
such as a gum, wax, resin, lignin, etc., and an externally
applied reagent. It may also be present as the result of
redistribution within the fiber, as where it is desired to
have the constituent uniformly distributed within the fiber.
(2) Note. The fact that the fiber present in a process or
product claimed is identified as "lignocellulose" is not, by
itself, a sufficient basis for classification in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 for processes involving the steps of chemical liberation
or purification, and adding to or retaining with the fibers,
a nonfiber material of the type provided for in subclass
163.
Subclass:
164.1
Synthetic resin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Subject matter
including a so-called synthetic resin, that is, complex
organic compounds resembling natural resins prepared from
nonresinous ingredients.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which is not deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
164.2
Ion exchange resin or molecular sieve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Subject
matter wherein the synthetic resin is a cross-linked polymer
carrying acid or basic groups which may be chemically reacted
to substitute therefor anions or cations from other
substances of opposite polarities, or substances such as some
zeolites having channels within their structure large enough
to admit small molecules such as water, but not large enough
to admit larger molecules of the order of the size of
benzene.
Subclass:
164.3
Epoxy containing reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Subject
matter wherein the synthetic resin is made in part from a
reactant having the following group:
[figure]
(1) Note. Typical disclosures classified herein recite as
one of the resin forming reactants as epihalohydrin, such as
epichlorohydrin.
Subclass:
164.4
Silicon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Subject
matter wherein the synthetic resin molecules include the
element silicon.
(1) Note. Typical resins included in claims for this
subclass are (e.g., silicones, siloxanes, etc.).
Subclass:
164.5
Sulfur containing:
Subject matter under 164.1 wherein the synthetic resin
molecules include the element sulfur.
(1) Note. The synthetic resin may be, e.g., a polysulfonium
resin, etc.
Subclass:
164.6
Nitrogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Subject
matter wherein the synthetic resin molecules include the
element nitrogen.
(1) Note. The synthetic resin may be, e.g., polyamide, a
polyamine, a polyimine, etc.
Subclass:
164.7
Ester type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Subject
matter wherein the synthetic resin is the reaction product of
an alcohol or phenol and an organic acid.
(1) Note. The synthetic resin may be e.g., vinyl acetate,
an acrylate, a reaction product of a polyhdroxy alcohol, and
a polybasic acid (such as the alkyd resins), etc.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes and
products including a phenol-aldehyde reaction product resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic resin composition which
is not deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Processes and
products including an amine- or amide-aldehyde reaction
product resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic resin composition which
is not deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Processes and
products in which the resin is prepared or is reacted with an
organic material other than the amine or amide and aldehyde.
Subclass:
168.1
Polymerized unsaturated compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1. Processes
and products in which the resin has been prepared by
polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated organic
compound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, subclass 17.4 for
compositions including polymerized unsaturated resins and
cellulose which have not been deposited from liquid
suspension.
Subclass:
168.2
Nitrogen containing compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.1. Processes in
which the unsaturated compound contains at least one atom of
nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164.6 for similar processes wherein the nitrogen containing
compound is not ethylenically unsaturated.
166 for similar processes wherein the nitrogen containing
compound is an amine, or amide-aldehyde.
Subclass:
168.3
Acrylamide containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.2. Processes in
which the nitrogen containing compound is an amide of acrylic
acid, or of an analogue of acrylic acid.
(1) Note. The nitrogen containing compound may be, e.g.,
methacrylamide, etc.
Subclass:
168.4
Heterocyclic N or S or epoxy component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.3. Subject
matter wherein one component of the polymer contains a
heterocylic nitrogen or sulfur containing group or an epoxy
group as below: [figure]
Subclass:
168.5
Heterocyclic N or S epoxy component:
Subject matter under subclasss 168.2 wherein one component of
the polymer contains a heterocyclic nitrogen or sulfur
containing group or an epoxy group as below: [figure]
Subclass:
168.6
Hetero S or epoxy component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.1. Subject
matter wherein the unsaturated monomer contains a
heterocyclic sulfur containing group, or an epoxy group as
below: [figure]
Subclass:
168.7
Ester type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.1. Subject
matter wherein the unsaturated monomer is the reaction
product of an alcohol, or a phenol with an acid.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.1. Processes
and products in which the unsaturated compound (monomer)
which is polymerized has more than one ethylene type bond,
e.g., butadiene.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a natural hydrocarbon gum (rubber).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
524, subclass 13 and 35+ for a rubber composition containing
celluslose and which is not deposited from a liquid
suspension.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a bituminous material such as asphalt,
tar, tarry residues, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly subclass
164.12, 164.6, 166.7, 169.54, 170.56, and 196.1 for
compositions comprising cellulose and bituminous material
which are not deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a wax.
(1) Note. The wax may be either an ester type wax, e.g.,
beeswax or a hydrocarbon wax, e.g., paraffin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 164.42,
166.51, 166.7, 169.21, 169.54, 170.56, 196.1, and 203.3 for
composition comprising cellulose and wax which are not
deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a nonfibrous proteinaceous material.
(1) Note. Cereal flours, such as corn, oat, wheat, etc.,
are proteinaceous material for purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for processes and products including cellulose and a
fibrous proteinaceous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 126.3, and
136.1+ for compositions including a protein and cellulose
which are not deposited from liquid suspension.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products in which the additive is a carbohydrate.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Processes and
products which include, as the additive, cellulose in a
nonfibrous form.
(1) Note. Examples of nonfibrous cellulose are regenerated
cellulose and cork.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for processes and products which include a mixture of
two or more types of fibrous cellulose.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Processes and
products which include a nonfibrous cellulose derivative,
such as a cellulose ether or ester.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 and 157.1, for processes and products including
chemically modified cellulosic fibers or synthetic cellulose
derivative fibers.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Processes and
products which include a carbohydrate gum, e.g., gum
tragacanth.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a fat, fatty oil, or higher fatty
acid.
(1) Note. A higher fatty acid is a monocarboxylic acid
containing an unbroken chain of at least seven carbon atoms
bonded to the carboxylic group, e.g., lauric, palmitic
stearic, etc. Fats and fatty oils are glycerides of higher
fatty acids including naturally occurring mixtures thereof.
This subclass includes those derivatives or modifications of
these substances as do not involve the destruction of the
carboxylic group and also those modifications which involve
the conversion of the carboxylic group into derivatives which
upon hydrolysis reverts to a carboxylic group, e.g., salts,
esters, amides, acid halides, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 164.11,
164.43, 169.22, 169.26+, 170.23+, and 179.1 for compositions
including cellulose and a fat, fatty oil, higher fatty acid
or salt which are not deposited from a liquid suspension.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include a natural resin or derivative
thereof.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass include
rosin or rosin soap sizing for the paper. Merely stating
that the paper is "sized" is insufficient to cause
classification herein unless it positively appears that a
natural resin is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 137.5,
164.41+, 166.51, 169.18+, 170.21, 178.1, and 203.3 for
compositions including a natural resin or derivative thereof
and cellulose which are not deposited from a liquid
suspension.
Subclass:
181.1
Inorganic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes and
products which include an inorganic nonfibrous material,
other than water.
(1) Note. Many patent in this subclass are directed to
processes and products which include a filler. Mere
recitation of a filler broadly without identifying the
material is not enough to cause classification herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for processes and products including an inorganic filler
or pigment which imparts a color other than white to the
product.
Subclass:
181.2
Metal salt other than silicate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.1. Subject
matter comprising a metal salt other than a salt of silicic
acid.
Subclass:
181.3
Sulfate or sulfite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.2. Subject
matter wherein the salt is a salt of H2SO4 or H2SO3.
Subclass:
181.4
Metal oxide or hydroxide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.1. Subject
matter comprising a binary compound of oxygen and a metallic
element or a metallic element connected to an -OH group.
Subclass:
181.5
Metal other than alkali metal, magnesium, or alkaline earth
metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.4. Subject
matter wherein the metal is not a Group IA metal nor Mg, Ca,
Sr, or Ba.
Subclass:
181.6
Silicon containing additive other than clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.1. Subject
matter comprising a silicon containing substance other than
those substances considered to be clays.
Subclass:
181.7
Alkai metal silicate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.6. Subject
matter wherein the silicon containing substance comprises
lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium silicate.
Subclass:
181.8
Clay:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.1. Subject
matter wherein the inorganic substance comprises any
substance considered to be a clay.
(1) Note. See the Glossary in the main class definition of
Class 501, Compositions: Ceramic, for the definition of the
term clay.
Subclass:
181.9
Free metal or free carbon containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 181.1. Subject
matter comprising a metal or carbon in elemental form.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes
including a treatment of fibers prior to addition of a
nonfibrous medium to a fibrous slurry, which so conditions
the fibers that the medium will coat or impregnate them upon
addition to the slurry.
(1) Note. The treating agent usually imparts to the fiber
an electrostatic charge opposite in polarity to that of the
coating medium.
(2) Note. The processes of this subclass are to be
distinguished from coating of fibers by adding a
precipitating agent to a fiber slurry after the nonfibrous
coating medium has been associated with the slurry.
(3) Note. Most of the patents in this subclass are cross
references from subclasses 158 through 181, since in
processes of the type under consideration, the nonfiber
additive is usually specifically identified in the claims.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes
which are drawn to a particular manipulative procedure of
adding a nonfibrous material to pulp or a wet web, sheet or
article.
(1) Note. This and indented subclass are intended to be the
collecting place for disclosures of particular manipulative
procedures for incorporating a nonfibrous additive with the
fibers during manufacture of fibrous webs or articles which
procedures are or appear of general application to various
types of additives. Since most processes specifically
identify the additive which is generally provided for in a
prior subclass, many of the patents herein are cross
references from previous subclasses, particularly subclasses
159 to 181.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in
which the nonfibrous material is added to a formed web or
article after it has been deposited from the liquid
suspension.
(1) Note. The nonfibrous material may be added to the web
before or after removal of the web or article from the
forming means but must be prior to final drying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for processes reciting chemical liberation or
purification of cellulosic material followed by adding
nonfibrous material to a web formed therefrom.
135 for processes in which the web or article forming step
is combined with the addition of a nonfibrous material after
final drying.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes in
which a portion of the nonfiber material additive is added to
the fibrous material before the material is deposited from
the liquid suspension.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes in
which the nonfibrous material is added to the deposited web
or article while it is still on the forming mold.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the addition of nonfibrous
material to wet fibrous material on the forming means, at any
time after its initial contact therewith.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products in which the cellulosic fibers are chemically or
physicochemically united with water to produce a hydrated or
partially gelatinized fiber.
(1) Note. The water is usually associated with the fibers
by being agitated therewith, as in a beater or Jordan. The
fibers may also be subjected to mechanical comminution
simultaneously with the hydration. In all processes in which
fibers are treated in suspension or in the presence of water
some hydration may take place. Processes of this character
are not classified herein unless the hydration or
gelatinization is distinctly disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, subclass 37 for the
hydrolysis of cellulose in the manufacture of other
carbohydrates.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes for shaping
or molding plastic materials within the class definition,
which may involve gelatinization of a web or body so as to
destroy the fibrous or felted nature thereof. See the class
definition of this class (162), Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class and see References to Other Classes, in
reference to Class 264, under "SEARCH CLASS".
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 98 for colloid systems of continuous or
semcontinuous solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase
(gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specially claimed
art.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes and
products characterized by a difference in some property of
the fibers between two portions of the interior or between a
portion of the interior and a portion of the surface.
(1) Note. The product must have been by a single
waterlaying operation. The nonuniform internal structure may
be produced during waterlaying or by a subsequent operation.
(2) Note. The most frequent types of nonuniformity
encountered are differences in fiber orientation, fiber size,
density, and amount of additive associated with the fibers at
different portions of the thickness of the product.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of recovering for reuse some material used
in the fiber deposition, or portions of the deposited
product.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
involving the recovery of the aqueous fiber suspending medium
(white water) for reuse in a subsequent fiber deposition or
other paper making step.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes in
which all or part of a body of uncured deposited fibrous
material is recovered for reuse in a paper making operation
usually the waste or trimmings from the formed web.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for processes of recovering paper waste which include a
step of chemically digesting or purifying the fibrous
material.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including the step of treating the material directly with
electrical, radiant or wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
50 for other processes for treating fibrous material with
electrical or wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 620 for coating apparatus
utilizing electrical or wave energy, and see especially the
Notes thereto for the locus of other patents relating to this
step.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclasses 689-694
for electrolytic treatment of organic fibrous material.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of facilitating the handling of a web of
fibrous material by forming a narrow tongue-like portion on
the leading end of the web or including the manipulation of
such narrow tongue like portion through the paper making or
treating device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
255 for apparatus having means automatically forming a lead
strip.
286 for cutting means forming a lead strip.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of severing, cutting or slitting the fibrous
product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for apparatus there provided for including means to
sever the fibrous body, and see especially the notes thereto
for the locus of other art relating to the severing, per se,
of fibrous bodies.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Processes in
which the severing operation occurs because of the action of
a thin fluid jet on the product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for apparatus including a fluid jet for severing or
slitting.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes in
which the deposited web or article, is subjected to a
folding, twisting or rolling prior to the final drying
thereof.
(1) Note. The process may include a step of unfolding,
untwisting or unrolling, so that the web or sheet is returned
to its original configuration but with modified properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for processes in which the web is wound upon itself
during deposition so as to form a plurality of united
layers.
123 for processes of folding a single web or sheet into one
or more folds, so as to produce a structure having at least
two superposed layers united so as to form a multilayered
product.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of distorting the product by stretching,
subjecting a product to tensile force, repeatedly bending a
product to physically modify the product without altering its
shape, or restoring a distorted normally planar sheet to its
original planar configuration by a mechanical shaping step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for apparatus performing similar functions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for stretching, stressing, shaping and
deforming steps combined with laminating. See particularly
160, 196+ and 229.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
combined with a step of subjecting the product (1) to a
quantitative determinative, (2) to a visual inspection, or
(3) to a testing procedure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for processes of fiber treatment there provided for
combined with a testing, sampling or analyzing step, and see
Notes thereto for the locus of patents relative to testing,
per se.
263 for paper making apparatus combined with measuring or
testing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 64 for methods of measuring, testing or inspecting,
in combination with a laminating step.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
including a step of preparing the apparatus for the paper
making operation or of placing it in better condition to
perform its function or of removing undesirable residue of
the paper making operation, from the apparatus, not otherwise
provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for cleaning processes not otherwise provided
for.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Processes
including a step of removing or inserting an endless
foraminous forming surface or wire from or into a paper
making apparatus.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
combined with a step of treating the fibrous material either
before or after deposition not otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. This subclass includes combinations of
waterlaying with such operations, not provided for in this
class, as mechanical comminution of solids (Class 241, Solid
Material Comminution or Disintegration), and adhesively
bonding the waterlaid product to a solid preform which
bonding operation, per se, is classified in Class 156,
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
peculiarly adapted to the production and/or treatment of
endless fibrous webs.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found
(1) processes for producing a fibrous web from a water
slurry, (2) certain processes not elsewhere provided for,
treating a fibrous waterlaid web either during or after
manufacture of the web, and (3) combinations of (1) and (2)
above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for processes producing or treating discrete articles as
distinguished from endless webs.
289 for paper making apparatus producing and/or treating a
running length product.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes in
which a unitary fibrous web is produced by continuously
introducing slurry between separate face-to-face foraminous
molds whereby formation and interfelting of the fibers occurs
at both faces of the web.
(1) Note. Merely treating a web while still on the mold
surface by pressure means or even by means of a suction couch
roll to further dewater the formed web is not here
classified, being rather in subclass 208. To be here
classified the slurry must be in such condition, when
contacted by both mold surfaces, that the fibers are still in
suspension and felting occurs on both mold faces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 and see (1) Note above.
300 for paper making apparatus having plural molds.
Subclass:
204
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes in
which an interfelted fibrous web is subjected to a treatment
step after removal from the mold surface on which it was
formed either before or after final drying.
(1) Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses are
various treatments, per se, of a completely formed web not
provided for in other classes. For example, calendering, per
se, of dry paper may be found in subclass 205.
(2) Note. Various subsequent treatments are set out in
subclasses above and search must be made in those subclasses
for the specific treatment. Thus by way of example search
must be made in subclass 109 for after treatments which
result in the formation of a non- uniform irregular or
configured web or sheet, subclass 135 for processes of
coating paper after drying, subclass 192 for processes
involving electrical or wave energy treatment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 135+ and 192, and see (2) Note above.
305 and 361+, for apparatus for subsequently treating a
formed paper web.
SEARCH CLASS:
29 Metal Working, subclasses 90.1+ for processes for
burnishing dry paper.
Subclass:
205
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes in
which the fibrous web is subjected to mechanical pressure by
solid surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for processes involving subsequent treatment of paper by
an irregular or configured die.
305 and 361+, for apparatus for treating paper with solid
press means.
Subclass:
206
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Processes
combined with a step of altering the temperature of the
treated web.
Subclass:
207
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes in
which the subsequent treatment is that of altering the
temperature of the formed web and/or directing a treating gas
or vapor into association with the web.
(1) Note. Mere delivery of the web into the ambient
atmosphere is not considered to be gas or vapor contact for
this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for processes for heating discrete articles.
290 for paper making apparatus including heat exchange
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for drying, per se, of fibrous webs, and see
especially subclass 23 of that class for gas and vapor
treatment of sheets, web or strands.
Subclass:
208
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes in
which the slurry on the foraminous mold surface is subjected
to a treatment in addition to the mere expression of liquid
from the slurry.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found,
for example, processes in which the slurry is vibrated to
facilitate felting, subjected to pressure to aid dewatering,
compacted, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
110 for processes producing a watermarked paper.
186 for processes for applying a nonfibrous additive to the
slurry on a mold surface.
308 for apparatus having means to treat the slurry on the
mold surface.
Subclass:
209
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes in
which the slurry is subjected to shaking, the action of a
reciprocating member, or some other agitating influence.
(1) Note. The agitation is usually for the purpose of
aiding interfelting of the fibers in the slurry.
Subclass:
210
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes in
which the slurry is subjected to pressure by means of a solid
member acting thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for solid means acting on the slurry on the mold surface
to produce an irregular web.
312 for apparatus having a solid member treating the slurry
on the mold surface.
Subclass:
211
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes for
forming an endless web by draining the suspending medium
through a foraminous mold and controlling the rate of
drainage of the medium.
(1) Note. Mere regular application of suction is not
sufficient for classification in this subclass. See subclass
217 below for such subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 and see (1) Note above.
351 for apparatus having means retarding or controlling
drainage.
Subclass:
212
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes
including a step of bringing the pulp slurry into direct
contact with a foraminous molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 for paper making apparatus having means directing the
pulp slurry into contact with the mold surface.
Subclass:
213
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in
which the pulp slurry is sprayed or directed against the mold
surface in a stream while completely unsupported by confining
means.
(1) Note. The slurry may fall freely by gravity on the mold
surface or may be projected under pressure but it is not
channelized by head box or other similar structures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
292 for apparatus in which the slurry is flung or projected
against the mold surface.
Subclass:
214
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in
which the slurry is applied to the mold surface under
pressure greater than the normal hydrostatic head of the
slurry on the mold surface.
(1) Note. The increased pressure is usually achieved by
utilizing a seal or gland between the mold and the stock
supply conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for pressure forming apparatus.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in
which the slurry is applied to a traveling mold and is
directed in a direction differing for the direction of travel
of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 325 and 336+, for apparatus in which the stock is applied
in directions other than the direction of travel of a moving
mold.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in
which the slurry is subjected to a mechanical treatment
directly before application to the mold surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
processes for rectifying the stock in the head box or
subjecting it to mechanical vibration just before application
to the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for processes for treating the stock on the mold
surface.
341 for apparatus for treating the slurry in the head box or
approach flow channel.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Processes in
which is recited a step of applying reduced pressure to the
side of the foraminous mold to aid drawing the suspending
medium through the pores of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for apparatus applying suction directly to the slurry on
the mold.
335 and 354+, for porous molds combined with suction means.
363 for suction devices, per se, adapted for use in making
paper.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Processes
involving depositing fibers on a surface so as to form a
product of definite and limited dimensions and shape as
distinguished from a web of a definite length.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses relate to forming
articles by "pulp molding".
(2) Note. Processes of this group of subclasses usually
result in an article having a nonplanar configuration, but
this is not necessary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes of forming webs or sheets which are
irregular in configuration, but which irregularity is not
such as to destroy its essentially flat condition.
231 for articles, produced by a process classifiable in this
or indented subclasses (218+) and not provided for
elsewhere.
382 for apparatus for carrying out the processes of this
group of subclasses.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes in
which fibers are deposited from suspensions thereof at a
plurality of different times or locations.
(1) Note. One of the component layers or units of the
product may have been previously produced by a waterlaying
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for processes of producing a composite web, sheet or
article, which includes at least one solid nonwaterlaid
component.
123 for processes of making composite webs or sheets from a
plurality of waterlaid webs or sheets.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes in
which a flexible diaphragm is brought into contact with the
deposited fibrous material at some stage of formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
401 for pulp molding apparatus provided with a flexible
diaphragm.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes
including a treatment of a pulp molded article after removal
from the forming means.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Processes
including a step of altering the surface character of at
least a portion of the article.
(1) Note. The surface treatment of this subclass is to be
distinguished from the subject matter of subclass 223, which
involves a substantial change in the overall configuration of
the article. Such treatments as smoothing and elimination of
mold parting lines and other mold configurations are among
the surface treatments provided for in this subclass (222).
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Processes
including changing the shape or configuration imparted to the
article by the original forming means, after removal
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for processes of treating a web with an irregular or
configured die.
224 for the treatment of a pulp molded article which does
not change its general configuration but merely densities or
decreases its thickness.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Processes
including the application of heat and/or mechanical pressure
to the article after removal from its original forming
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for processes in which the pressure causes a change in
overall configuration (other than mere decrease in thickness)
of the article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes under the
class definition, for shaping or molding which may involve
reshaping of a rewetted fibrous article.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for shaping a dry paper
article by means of dies, and see the notes to the class
definition thereof.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Processes
resulting in a product which is rectangular in a
cross-section through its thickness.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass involve the
simultaneous treatment of a plurality of boards or sheets.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes
which include a step of applying heat to fibrous material
after waterlaying, but while it is still in contact with a
forming surface.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes
which include a step of applying mechanical pressure to
fibrous material, while it is still in contact with a forming
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
220 for processes wherein the pressure is applied by means
of a flexible diaphragm.
Subclass:
228
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes in
which a bulk supply of pulp suspension is brought into
association with a forming means, the fibrous material being
deposited on the surface thereof as by withdrawal of the
suspending water, followed by the separation of the excess
pulp from the forming means with the deposited fibrous
material thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for corresponding apparatus.
Subclass:
229
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Processes
including a step of vibrating the forming means, or the pulp
slurry while it is in contact with the forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
380 and 385, for apparatus which includes means for
effecting vibration of a slurry in a container.
Subclass:
230
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Processes
which include a step of separating the deposited fibrous
article from its forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for apparatus for ejecting or removing a deposited
fibrous article therefrom.
Subclass:
231
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Products which
are deposited fibrous articles having some significant
structural shape or characteristic other than a web or
sheet.
(1) Note. The significant characteristic may be surface
texture or configuration. This subclass does not include
articles of manufacture having structure which is
classifiable in some class providing for that structure, even
though it be made of deposited fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for nonuniform, irregular or configured sheets or webs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 169, for fibrous material acoustical
diaphragms.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus relating to structures or mechanisms for producing
and/or treating water or liquid laid fibrous products and
various combinations of such structures with other structures
or devices not elsewhere provided for and subcombinations,
per se, not elsewhere provided for.
(1) Note. See the class definition of this class (Class
162) for the locus of other and similar apparatus for use in
making and/or treating waterlaid fibrous webs and articles.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
comprising means for bringing and/or maintaining fiber
containing stock material in intimate association with a
chemical treating fluid for the purpose of at least partially
liberating discrete fibers by destroying nonfibrous bonding
material in the stock.
(1) Note. To be classified in this and the indented
subclasses, the structures must include more than a mere
container in which the reaction occurs. Thus, containers or
receptacles of general utility, or having no structure
limiting the device to a digester and various subcombinations
of general utility are classified in other classes as set
forth below under "SEARCH CLASS". The presence of means
introducing a treating fluid into the digester structure is
sufficient structure for classification in this class (Class
162).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for a residual in situ erected type material
container, particularly subclass 192, 223.1+, 245+, 250+, and
261+.
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for metallic
receptacles with or without closure members and see the class
definition of that class for the locus of analogous
structures.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 285 and
307 for cookers and digesters other than those used for
liberating or treating fibers.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
combined with means to physically disrupt the bond material
causing adherence of fibers one to the other.
(1) Note. The defibering means may act on the pulp stock
before, during or after digestion.
(2) Note. Apparatus for exploding or for impinging the
material after digestion against a target is not considered
to be mechanical defiberating means for this subclass. For
the locust of such devices see the search note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for devices in which defibering occurs by explosion or
impingement of the material against a target after
digestion.
261 for defibering means combined with paper making
apparatus other than digesters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for defibering means, per se.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Combinations
in which the digester and defiberator operate on the material
simultaneously and under the same conditions of temperature
and pressure.
(1) Note. The defiberating means in this combination may
operate only part of the time.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in
which the stock material is fed to and discharged from a
digester and defiberating apparatus at substantially the same
rate, whereby a more or less steady flow of material is
maintained.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Devices
provided with means to charge and discharge the digester at
substantially the same rate, whereby a more or less steady
flow of material is maintained through the treating device.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass may be operated
intermittently or with separate batches just so long as the
material is fed in and discharged from the apparatus at
approximately the same rate and during the same time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for processes for continuous digestion.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means sensing a condition in the material undergoing
treatment or in the treating fluid or chemical and in
response thereto causing a control operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for apparatus other than digestion devices having
automatic control features and see the Notes thereto for the
locus of other apparatus having automatic control features.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
provided with means to salvage or make available for reuse
heat and/or products resulting from the digestion process.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
apparatus in which materials salvaged include chemicals used
to liberate or free the fibrous materials, or in which means
are provided to utilize excess thermal energy that would
otherwise be lost in the digestion process.
(2) Note. Mere recirculation of digestion materials through
the same batch of material to be treated is not classified in
the indented subclasses. For such subject matter search
subclass 248 below. Also, the recovery of used liquor or
heat by passing it directly into another digester containing
chips to be digested is not included here. For such subject
matter see subclass 241 below and the Notes thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for processes including a step of recovering the
digestion fluid, and subclass 47 for digestion processes
including a heat recovery step.
241 and see (2) Note, above.
248 and see (2) Note, above.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus
having means to apply heat to the used chemicals to cause a
change in the state or nature of the chemicals to render them
fit for reuse.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having two or more digesters in operational association.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing plural completely independent
digesters are not classified in this subclass. To be here
classified the patents must recite some structural
interrelationship or interdependency. For example, in this
subclass may be found digesters with connections so that
cooking gas or liquor may be passed directly from one into
the other.
(2) Note. Multiple digesters arranged so that the material
to be treated flows serially from one to the other are not
provided for in this subclass. For such subject matter see
subclasses 243 and 246.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means combined with or in addition to digester
structures which means either perfects the operation of the
digester or performs some function other than digestion.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means to maintain the stock material undergoing
digestion in a state of motion.
(1) Note. The circulation is usually for the purpose of
insuring intimate contact of the material with the chemical
treating agent.
(2) Note. This subclass includes forced circulation of the
material being digested, but does not include mere forced
circulation of the digestion fluid through the material being
digested. For the latter subject matter see subclass 248
below.
(3) Note. This subclass does not include circulation caused
by heating alone. For such subject matter see subclass 250
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for apparatus in which the circulating means causes
substantial defibering of the stock material.
248 and see (2) Note above.
250 and see (3) Note above.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Apparatus in
which the agitation is caused by motion of the digester
structure about an axis of rotation.
(1) Note. Mere tilting of the digester for discharge is not
included in this subclass. For such subject matter search
subclass 246.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means separable from the digester for either (1)
containing a charge of material undergoing treatment or (2)
constraining a charge from movement within the digester.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus in
which the body of the digester structure is provided with
means to permit the introduction of the stock material to be
digested, or the delivery of the material after treatment
within the digester.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for mere means to
permit recirculation of either material treated or the
chemical treated material even though the material may be
removed bodily from the digester. For such subject matter
search subclass 248 below.
(2) Note. The mere provision of an inlet opening in the
digester structure either with or without a closure member is
not sufficient to classify the patent in this subclass where
the patent in the absence of such opening would be classified
elsewhere. Patents claiming this subject matter in the
absence of other features classifiable here may be found in
classes relating to vessels of general utility, such as Class
220, Receptacles, for example.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for digestion processes including a step of charging
and/or discharging the fibrous material.
236 and 237, for means for charging and discharging
continuous digesters.
239 for discharging means combination with recovery means.
241 for digesters having means for discharging material into
another digester.
248 and see (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, particularly 200 and see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Apparatus in
which the stock material is treated by (1) projecting it
violently from the digester against a fixed abutment or (2)
the material is caused to disintegrate by suddenly releasing
the digestion pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for digestion processes including a step of defibering by
projection or explosion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverage: Apparatus, 323.4 see the Notes
thereto for other apparatus for expanding or disintegrating
material by a sudden release in pressure.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having means to positively force the flow of digestion
chemicals through the material being treated.
(1) Note. The material is usually forced through a separate
conduit, which conduit may be entirely in the digester or may
be outside of the digester proper.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for circulation of
the treating chemical or stock material within the digester
by heating means alone where the circulation is not through
the separate conduit or orifice such as, for example
circulation caused by the introduction of steam alone. For
such subject matter search subclass 250 below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for apparatus in which the circulation is caused by
mechanical stirring of the contents of the digester.
250 and see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Apparatus
having means to either maintain or cause a rise in
temperature in either stock undergoing treatment or the
treating chemical.
(1) Note. The heating means may be in the circulating
circuit or in the digester.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
provided with means to cause a rise in temperature of either
the stock material or the chemical treating fluid.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass may be found for
example, means discharging or introducing fluids through a
heating steam line.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Apparatus
having a foraminous screen at an outlet of the digester to
retain stock material and permit the passage of fluid
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, 505 for flow line end coupled filter
units and subclasses 301+ for cohesive filter media cleaning
means.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means to sense a condition and in response thereto
cause a control operation of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for digestion apparatus having automatic control
features.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the control is of more than a single device.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the control is of a means preparing the stock for the
forming operation.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices to sense the consistency of the stock and in response
thereto control a refining device to vary the characteristics
of the stock.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, 33 for
fibrous material comminutors having automatic control
features.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the sensing means determines the continuity of the
fibrous web or in which the control means causes the
actuation of a device intercepting a rupture in the formed
web and maintains continuity thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for processes for forming and/or guiding the initial
strip of web to be trained through the web forming or
treating machine.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the control means affects the rate of speed or
direction of motion of a moving foraminous forming surface.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in
which the controlled motion of the foraminous forming surface
is in a plane normal to the length of the surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices for either causing or preventing lateral shift of a
traveling Fourdrinier wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for Fourdrinier devices having means transversely
vibrating the wire in which no automatic control devices are
present.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,
101, and in particular subclasses 102+ for mechanism in which
the invention relates to devices for maintaining a flexible
band in predetermined paths of travel. This class (162)
provides for devices in which positive cyclical shifting
motion is imparted to a forming belt to prevent wear on the
surface over which it slides, and in addition to control the
tracking of the forming belt.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the control device regulates the ratio of liquid to
fibers of the pulp.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses and, subclass 91
and 92 in particular, for consistency control devices, per
se.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the device controlled directs the stock onto the
forming device.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices for sensing the thickness of the formed web and in
response thereto regulating the amount of stock applied to
the wire.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 252. Apparatus in
which the device controlled severs at least a portion of a
shaped article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for other cutting devices not having automatic control
features.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means subjecting the stock material to an attrition
step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for apparatus for performing an
attrition step on fibrous material when not in combination
with a chemical treatment.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having electrical means for causing or controlling a paper
making operation that consists of more than mere power or
motive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for automatic controls which may or may not utilize
electrical systems in the control operation.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means (1) to detect some condition in the operation of
the machine, the detecting means operating a visual and/or
audible indication of the condition, (2) or to indicate or
test a physical or chemical condition of the material under
treatment, (3) or means permitting or peculiarly adapted to
permit examination of the machine or the material undergoing
treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for processes involving a step of testing, sampling or
analyzing.
252 for means detecting a condition and in response thereto
causing a control operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 99 for presses having measuring,
inspecting or testing means and see the search notes thereto
for the locus of other art relating to these features.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrical
automatic condition responsive indicating systems.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
including means (1) to enable reuse of the pulp slurry fluid
after drainage through the forming surface during the web
forming step, with or without means to subject the fines
carrying fluid to a reclaiming treatment, (2) or means to
collect or make available for reuse the freshly formed web at
some point before final drying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for liberation processes including a step of utilizing as
stock material waste paper and textile waste.
147 for processes and products utilizing plural fibers at
least one of which is waste paper or textile waste.
189 for other processes including the use of white water or
waste material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 174 for press rolls including a
deflector adjacent the outgoing side of the roll body which
deflector is so mounted as to direct the pressed material
away from the surface of the roll body.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with means applying a surface film and/or absorbed
layer of material other than a fibrous water-laid substance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for processes of forming a waterlaid product including a
step of printing or applying a variegated coating.
135 for processes including a step of applying a coating
after drying of the product.
158 for processes including a step of applying a nonfiber
additive to a fibrous product at an intermediate stage of its
manufacture.
267 for apparatus for molding waterlaid fibrous material
about or in contact with a nonfibrous body or material.
298 and 300, for apparatus for producing a composite web of
waterlaid fibrous material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses including
apparatus for coating devices, per se.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus in
which the coating material is applied to the product while
still on the foraminous forming surface.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in
which the fibrous slurry product is formed in contact with or
about a shaped body or member, which member is not waterlaid
and becomes a part of the finished article or product.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found,
for example devices for making insulated wire by applying a
fibrous waterlaid material about a wire core.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 and 300, for apparatus for forming composite waterlaid
webs.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Apparatus in
which the molded pulp article is of very great length
relative to its width or cross-section.
Subclass:
269
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with means arranging the molded pulp articles in
superposed relationship, or in adjacent face-to-face
juxtaposition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering, appropriate subclasses for
sheet handling devices, per se, and see the Notes thereto for
the locus of other art similar thereto.
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus for
treating a dried article having means for either (1)
temporarily distorting the article within its elastic limits,
or (2) returning a deformed or distorted article to its
normal planar configuration.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices for decurling photos:graphic prints, for "breaking"
the coatings on flexible webs, or for flattening folded or
creased computer cards.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for processes there provided for involving a step of
stretching, tensioning, decurling, flexing or breaking.
286 for paper making apparatus combined with means for
trimming, scoring, cutting, severing or perforating the
produced product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, appropriate subclasses,
for devices for ironing or smoothing textile materials.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Apparatus in
which the material undergoing treatment is in the nature of a
sheet or web.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means to prepare the apparatus for the paper making
operation or place it in better condition to perform its
function or to remove superfluous and undesirable residue of
the paper making operation from the structure.
(1) Note. This subclass includes modifications of the paper
making machine structure whereby parts may be more readily
interchanged or removed from the machine. For example, in
this subclass and the indented subclasses may be found paper
making devices modified to permit replacement of the
Fourdrinier wire or means mounting the suction boxes for
ready removal and/or replacement. Also in this and the
indented subclasses may be found devices for cleaning or
renewing the foraminous or porous felts or screens.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for processes involving a step of conditioning,
preparing or repairing the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 402.01, for processes of repair generally
and see especially the notes thereto for the locus of other
art relating to repair.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the apparatus is structurally modified to permit
removal and substitution of the foraminous forming surface or
in which means are provided to maintain the proper degree of
tension on an endless foraminous forming member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,
particularly 101 for means for adjusting belt tension.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in
which the part of the apparatus undergoing treatment is
pervious and permits the passage of fluid therethrough.
(1) Note. In this subclass, for example, may be found
devices in which a fibrous brush cleans the porous or
foraminous member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses, and see especially the Notes thereto for the
locus of other art relation to the cleaning of fabric
articles.
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, 494 for a conveyor having
installed as part of its structure a means for cleaning a
component of the conveyor.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 391 for filter
cleaning devices.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Apparatus in
which the cleaning or conditioning medium is a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
380 for fluid jet screen cleaning devices.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus in
which the member being treated rotates about an axis and is
circular in transverse section, the center of the circular
section coinciding with the axis of rotation.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus in
which the means supplying the liquid translates with respect
to the member being cleaned or conditioned.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus
having in addition to the means supplying the liquid a source
of reduced pressure acting on the surface to be treated.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Apparatus
having in addition to the means supplying the liquid a source
of reduced pressure acting on the surface to be treated.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
specifically or peculiarly adapted to produce an endless
product that is bodily wrinkled in character.
(1) Note. The product is usually produced, for example, by
crowding the moist paper on itself to induce it to wrinkle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for processes for producing a creped or crinkled
product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 369 for apparatus including an endless
surface for corrugating a nonmetal sheet (e.g., paper, etc.),
and subclass 391 for a preform convoluting or twisting means
not otherwise provided for.
Subclass:
281
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Apparatus in
which a solid scraping means removes a web product from the
circumference of a drum which scraping means causes crowding
of the material on itself.
Subclass:
282
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in
which the cylinder is provided with continuous recesses
extending around its outer surface in planes normal to the
axis of the cylinder.
(1) Note. The circumferential grooves may be for the
purpose of additionally longitudinally corrugating the
product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
296 for pulp web forming devices having a corrugated surface
with no additional creping feature.
Subclass:
283
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with means to lay the product in turns about a
mandrel or core.
(1) Note. The winding device may function to form a
tube-like article or may merely be for the purpose of winding
a finished web on a roll for storage or transport.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for processes including a step of winding or roll
forming.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 520 for convolute
winding.
Subclass:
284
This subclass is indented under subclass 283. Apparatus
specially adapted or peculiar to forming a hollow cylindrical
body.
Subclass:
285
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus
provided with means for severing the formed tubular body.
(1) Note. The severing may be for the purpose of trimming
the tube or slitting the tube so that it may be opened up and
discrete sheets formed therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for processes of roll forming involving a step of
cutting and/or removing material.
Subclass:
286
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with (1) means causing separation of a unitary
portion of a web or article into separate parts, (2) means
forming holes by piercing or perforating means or (3) means
incising or scratching the surface of a pulp body.
(1) Note. The combined means may be either a solid
instrument or a fluid jet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes involving a step of making a nonuniform,
irregular or configured web or sheet, and see especially
subclass 114 for perforating processes.
193 for processes involving the formation of a lead strip.
194 for forming processes combined with a step of cutting or
slitting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
cutting and slitting when not combined with a paper-making
step.
Subclass:
287
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with means distorting a single workpiece to bring
separate areas of the workpiece into face-to-face
relationship or distorting the workpiece into a grossly
altered configuration.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found for example,
devices for twisting or rolling a web to form a strand of
roving, or devices for forming a folded shaped article.
(2) Note. The art in subclass 270 differs from the art
herein in that the distortion in the instant subclass is
permanent, the material is distorted beyond its elastic
limits, whereas in subclass 270 the distortion is transitory
or temporary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 and see (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
270, Sheet-Material Associating or Folding, subclass 61 for
folders, per se.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for making an article of
commerce from sheet or web material such as paper involving
folding where there is no thickening or thinning flow of the
material. Note that shaping of wet or damp paper usually
involves thinning or thickening flow.
Subclass:
288
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means to form a waterlaid felted product combined with
a solid work piece treating member acting on the work piece
after formation which solid member contacts the surface of
the work piece under pressure and has a motion relative to
the surface of the work piece to modify at least the surface
characteristics of the work piece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for combinations of molding devices with separate
pressing means where no rubbing is involved.
358 for pressing devices including a porous or foraminous
carrier to carry the pressed web through the pressing
instrumentality.
359 for the combination of separate pressing and drying
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 90.01 for burnishing, per se, and
especially subclasses 90.1+ for the burnishing of paper.
Subclass:
289
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
specifically adapted or peculiar to the handling of work of
great length relative to its cross-section which work is
continually produced or treated.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found,
for example, devices for producing from a slurry endless webs
of paper, endless tubes of fiber containing material and also
means specialized to this class for treating such products
after initial forming on a foraminous forming surface whether
or not the forming device is claimed.
(2) Note. For devices producing discrete articles search
must be made in subclass 375 or the subclasses following it
in the schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 for running or indefinite length work forming and/or
treating processes.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having foraminous forming means and including in combination
therewith means to alter the temperature of the formed
article.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example, the
combination of web forming means and separate web drying
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for processes for winding or roll forming including a
step of heating the article.
135 for processes involving a step of coating a product
after drying.
192 for processes involving the application of electrical or
wave energy to the product, which energy may heat the
product.
206 and 207, for processes for the subsequent treatment of a
formed web including the step of heating or cooling the
formed web.
224 and 226, for article heating processes.
359 for the combination of a press and felt with separate
heated drying means.
375 for apparatus including heating means for discrete
articles as distinguished from endless webs of the instant
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for drying, per se, of formed pulp articles and
especially 110 for external drum type driers and subclasses
611+ for devices for drying sheet, web or strand form work.
100, Presses, 300 for heated presses, per se.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the fibrous pulp material is brought into contact with
a foraminous forming surface by a solid nonporous transfer
member which separates a film of pulp from the bulk supply
and carries it into contact with the mold surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
apparatus in which an impermeable cylinder is immersed in the
pulp supply and in rotating carries on its surface a film of
the pulp in a manner of an applicator and applies it to the
surface of the endless foraminous mold.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the stock material is sprayed or directed in a stream
against the foraminous molding surface while completely
unsupported or unconfined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 for processes for projecting or slinging the stock
against a mold surface.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which an endless molded product is formed on a molding
surface of a limited length.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
apparatus for producing an endless waterlaid tube of pulp
material on a short foraminous core through which the carrier
fluid is removed from the pulp, the endless tube as it is
formed being continuously removed from the core.
(2) Note. The means of this subclass are in some respects
analogous to the continuous casting devices of Class 164,
Metal Founding, the plastic metal shaping devices of Class
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 253.1+, and Class 425,
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 253.1 and see (2) Note Above.
164, Metal Founding, 273 for continuous casting devices and
see (2) Note above.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 376.1 for extrusion shaping apparatus for
nonmetals not otherwise provided for; see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the pulp supply container and the mold have a
stop-and-go motion relative to one another whereby an endless
article is formed in stepwise fashion.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the face of an endless foraminous forming surface is
curved either transversely or longitudinally of the direction
of motion, the low point of the curvature being on the stock
carrying face.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
forming devices having an endless screen which screen is
bowed transversely of its length to assume a trough-like
configuration, perhaps to retain the material on the screen,
or also, for example, endless screens that slump or form a
curve between the entrance point of the stock and the web
take off point.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 501 and 818+ for an
endless belt conveyor trough-shaped in cross section.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the foraminous molding face presents a grossly
interrupted or broken surface or carries a design or pattern
on its face, whereby a nonplanar surfaced product is
produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes for producing nonuniform, irregular or
configured sheets and webs and especially subclass 116 for
such processes utilizing a configured forming mold.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which means are provided for either increasing or decreasing
the pressure of the atmosphere immediately contacting the
surface of the pulp on the mold.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are devices which
draw a vacuum through the mold surface and thus act
indirectly on the stock on the mold. For such subject matter
see the various subclasses provided for below. In the
instant subclass the action is directly on the stock and not
through the pervious mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for processes for treating the slurry on the mold
surface.
308 for other apparatus for treating stock on the molding
surface.
335 351 and 363+, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which more than a single means directs the pulp into the
immediate contact with the forming surface.
(1) Note. The separate streams of this subclass are in fact
discrete applying means as distinguished from a vaned single
applying means. For a single flow bow or applying means
having vanes or streams splitting means search subclass 343
below.
(2) Note. The separate streams may be positioned either
transversely of the direction of motion of the molding
surface or longitudinally thereof.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus in
which the foraminous molding surface is endless and travels
longitudinally of itself and the plural separate streams of
stock applied at spaced positions along the length of the
foraminous molding surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices for making endless multilayer webs by depositing
stock from separate sources on previously formed webs on a
common carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for processes for the production of plural layered
webs.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having plural discrete foraminous molds and/or discrete
separated portions of a single mold against which stock is
applied.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses either
separate web products may be produced or the plural molds may
coact to produce a single ultimate web.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for processes producing multilayer waterlaid webs or
sheets.
203 for processes producing a single web between opposed
forming surfaces.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus in
which a single source of supply directs the pulp against the
molding surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for molds having means treating the stock on the mold
surface which means may be in the form of an endless
foraminous belt. In the instant subclass the stock must have
fibers in suspension while in contact with the plural
foraminous members whereby web formation occurs at the plural
surfaces whereas in subclass 312, the product has been formed
when contacted by the endless treating members.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Apparatus in
which the plural molds each comprise a cylinder and in which
the outer circumferential surface is foraminous and forms the
molding surface, the foraminous surfaces being in touching
contact or closely spaced one with the other to unite the
accreted webs.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus in
which the forming surfaces of separate molds approach a
single point in their travel to bring together the separate
webs formed on each mold surface.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus in
which the separate webs produced on the molding surface are
applied to a moving additional surface in sequence so that
they may be joined together to form a laminated product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
133 for processes in which separately formed webs are united
on a common carrier.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having means for compressing the work after removal from the
foraminous forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for processes for pressing a web after removal from the
mold.
358 for press and felt combinations, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses, per se, and
see the Notes thereto for the locus of other press
structures.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having means to displace the formed body from the surface on
which it is felted or layed.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus in
which the means displacing is a fluid blast directed through
the foraminous molding surface.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having means positioned adjacent the foraminous forming
surface and acting directly on the pulp material before it is
removed therefrom.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found
devices which in some way modify the characteristics of the
finished product by a physical action on the stock either
while still in a state of suspension (note subclass 311) or
after felting but while still on the mold, but in either case
the action on the fibers must occur adjacent the mold surface
while the fibers are in contact with the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for processes for the treatment of the slurry on the
mold surface.
290 for the combination of a forming mold and separate
drying means for the product after removal from the mold.
297 for apparatus in which pneumatic pressure or vacuum
means act directly on the stock mold surface.
305 for the combination of a foraminous mold and means
subjecting the product to pressure after removal from the
mold.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Apparatus in
which the means acting on the pulp (1) has a different affect
on increments of the pulp in a direction transverse of the
produced article, (2) acts in random manner on the pulp, or
(3) is configured to impress a particular pattern on the
pulp.
(1) Note. In the indented subclasses may be found, for
example, devices for embossing the pulp layer or imparting
different surface characteristics to the layer which
characteristics are not uniform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes producing a nonuniform, irregular or
configured web or sheet.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Apparatus in
which the means comprises a fluid stream directed against the
pulp layer, and/or a suction nozzle locally affecting the
pulp layer.
(1) Note. The instant devices all treat the product
nonuniformly as distinguished from the devices in subclass
297 which apply fluid or treat with vacuum in uniform manner
over the entire product on the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for processes producing a nonuniform sheet or web
utilizing fluid pressure.
286 for trimming or cutting means utilizing a fluid jet.
297 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Apparatus in
which the treating means is positioned at the point where the
stock stream initially contacts the foraminous forming
surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
rectifier rolls positioned adjacent the molding surface. The
position of the roll must be such that the fibrous material
on the mold is modified in some way by the direct action
thereon of the roll. In subclass 342 may be found rectifier
rolls immersed in the stock in the head box and treating the
fibers while in suspension and before felting on the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for head boxes having rectifier roll structures therein
but not adjacent the molding surface and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Apparatus in
which the treating means is a solid member as distinguished
from a fluid current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
286 for paper making devices combined with means for
severing the formed web which means may act on the pulp on
the mold surface.
300 and especially subclass 301 for plural opposed mold
surface forming a web therebetween.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus in
which the treating member is mounted for motion relative to
the layer of pulp on the forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for processes for treating slurry on a mold surface in
which the treatment includes a step of vibration or
agitation.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Apparatus in
which the solid treating member has motion about an axis of
rotation.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
"dandy" rolls acting on the pulp material on the mold.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
having means for bringing a pulp slurry into association with
a foraminous mold whereby a fibrous body may be formed
thereon.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses may be found
either the subcombination of the stock directing means, per
se, (note subclass 336, for example) or the directing means
in operational association with the foraminous mold.
(2) Note. The directing means may be any instrumentality
for either bringing the pulp slurry from the supply and into
association with the mold or merely to maintain the slurry
against the mold so that felting to form a product can occur.
Thus even a claimed cylinder vat (subclass 323) is
sufficient structure of a stock directing means for this
subclass in that it maintains the stock against the mold.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the mold surface is generally flat and horizontally
disposed and the stock slurry contacts only the lower surface
of the mold.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the means directing the stock into contact with the
forming surface is a closed conduit completely embracing the
stock slurry and is in sealing contact with the foraminous
forming surface.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass are known in the art
as pressure forming devices and are for the purpose of
increasing the pressure with which the stock is applied to
the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
214 for pressure forming processes.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the foraminous molding surface comprises a permeable
rotary body circular in section transverse to the axis of
rotation having trained thereabout an endless foraminous
flexible forming member longer in length than the
circumference of the cylinder and at least a portion of which
is spaced from the cylinder at a point removed from the
slurry supply point.
(1) Note. In these devices, the article is usually formed
on the area where the endless belt is in contact with the
forming cylinder and is then removed from the forming
cylinder and carried down the endless belt away from the
forming cylinder.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Apparatus in
which the forming surface forms a restraining wall for the
stock container or supports the bulk supply of pulp slurry
from which the article is accreted.
(1) Note. In the devices of this subclass the stock slurry
supply container is an incomplete receptacle and one wall of
the receptacle is formed by the forming surface. If the
forming surface would be removed, the slurry would flow out
of the receptacle.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the forming surface forms a restraining wall for the
stock container or supports the bulk supply of pulp slurry
from which the article is accreted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 and see (1) Note of that subclass.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Apparatus in
which the mold is cylindrical in nature and the
circumferential surface is foraminous.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for cylinder mold forming devices of the immersion vat
type.
357 for cylinder molds, per se.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus
having means for introducing material other than pulp slurry
into the device directing the stock against the forming
surface.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
devices for introducing water into the stock stream, or solid
particles of nonfibrous material.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus
having a complete container for the pulp slurry and in which
the forming member dips into the pulp supply and while
immersed therein accretes a layer of stock to form the
article.
(1) Note. The majority of the devices in this subclass have
the conventional cylinder mold wherein both the forming
cylinder and the immersion vat are recited in the claims.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for cylinder machine devices having a forming belt
thereabout.
320 for forming devices of the superposed or lateral stock
pool type.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus in
which the pulp slurry container has means therein for
diverting the stock flow in opposite directions at will or
wherein the supply of slurry to the vat is such that the
direction of flow may be reversed at will.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus in
which the pulp slurry is brought into contact with the
foraminous forming surface and sweeps across the surface in a
direction at right angles to the direction of motion of the
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for slurry supply devices having a transversely crossed
inlet into the flow box.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus in
which the pulp slurry is caused to contact the mold surface
at more than a single area on the mold.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus in
which the immersion vat is provided with separate diverters
in addition to the vat structure, per se, causing the stock
slurry to flow into direct and intimate contact with the mold
surface.
(1) Note. Mere configuration of the vat whereby it
approximates the shape of the mold is not sufficient to
render the patent classifiable in this subclass.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in
which the baffle structure approximates the external
configuration of the immersed cylinder mold.
(1) Note. Mere vat bottoms contoured to approximate the
circumference of the contained cylinder mold are not provided
for in this subclass. To be here classified the baffle must
be inserted into the vat with stock on opposite sides of the
baffle in normal operation.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Apparatus in
which the baffle structure is adjustable or in which the
position of the baffle may be altered at will to increase or
decrease the space between the baffle and the cylinder mold.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
provided with means to regulate the height of the pulp slurry
contained within the immersion vat.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
having gland structures preventing leakage of the pulp slurry
at the points of rotary support for the cylinder mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, 358 for a relatively rotatable radially
extending sealing face member (e.g., face, mechanical, etc.)
or subclasses 500+ for a dynamic, circumferential, contact
seal for other than a piston.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
relating to the mounting of the cylinder mold within the
vat.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus
wherein the rotatable cylinder mold is supported at its
periphery rather than at the axis of rotation.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
provided with means to limit or control the area of contact
or shield the contact of the pulp slurry with the foraminous
molding surface.
(1) Note. The devices in this subclass block mask off
portions of the foraminous surface whereby no accretion
occurs at these portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes producing a configured web or sheet.
353 for endless wire molds and associated mask, deckle, or
apron structure.
383 for devices molding discrete articles and having masking
means.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Apparatus
provided with means to collect or guide the fluid material
passing through the foraminous forming surface, either with
or without suction means to impel the fluid material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for apparatus for the recovery, recirculation or
treatment of white water. "Recovery" entails more than mere
collection of the fluid in that the material collected must
be modified in some way.
363 for suction systems and devices, per se, for use in
paper making devices.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in
which the directing means (1) spreads slurry into a thin
sheet for discharge onto the mold, (2) provides a hydrostatic
or pressure head to give the slurry the requisite speed of
discharge onto the mold, and/or (3) keeps the slurry
sufficiently agitated to prevent flocculation before
discharge onto the mold.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass are positioned
between the slurry producing or conditioning means and the
forming means, and may be in the nature of a large box to
steady the flow of stock, or in the nature of a spreading
nozzle only directing the slurry on the forming means.
Included also are subcombinations of flow arrangements into
the flow box to produce particular effects on the slurry.
(2) Note. The devices of this subclass deliver the stock
onto a traveling endless mold, usually either an endless
flexible belt or a foraminous cylinder.
(3) Note. The subject matter of this group deals with the
problem of transforming the relatively small cross-section
output of a feed pump into a wide flat stream directed
against the moving endless mold surface and the subject
matter includes within its confines all structure necessary
for so shaping the flowing fluid slurry stream. The devices
of this and the indented subclasses are known in the art as
flow box, head box, slice, inlet, approach flow devices.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus
provided with means (1) directing at least a portion of the
stock slurry that is surplus back to the forming area, (2)
means for removing from the forming area a layer of the pulp
slurry, or (3) means removing surplus slurry or waste from
the forming area before contact of the surplus material with
the forming surface.
(1) Note. "Surplus" or "excess" stock does not mean the
white water drained through the forming wire. Rather it is
stock over and above that which is necessary to form the
product. For means removing white water search subclasses
335 and 348.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335 and 348, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
338
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus in
which the means directing the slurry onto the molding surface
has at least two inflow passages for the slurry, which
passages enter on opposite sides of the directing means and
the direction of flow of slurry through the means is toward
each other.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus in
which the container or head box for the stock supply
directing the stock onto the forming surface is sealed
against atmospheric pressure or contact of atmosphere with
the slurry supply.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for devices in which a confined stock stream is directed
onto the forming surface and in which the confining means is
in sealing contact with the foraminous forming surface.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus in
which a gas under pressure higher than atmospheric pressure
is maintained over the slurry supply within the head box
usually to the velocity of the issuing slurry supply.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus
having a solid body in contact with the pulp slurry which
body is mounted for motion, the motion of the body some way
influencing the characteristics of the stock.
(1) Note. The moving body may be separate from the flow box
and immersed in the slurry, or it may be a vibrating wall of
the flow box itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
216 for processes including a step of mechanically treating
the slurry in the head box or approach flow passage.
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 341. Apparatus in
which the moving body is a rotating cylinder, immersed at
least in part in the slurry.
(1) Note. The rolls of this subclass are frequently called
"rectifier" rolls and are usually perforated.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus (1)
having means that are perforated or provide separate
passageways for the slurry.
(1) Note. The means may be a separate member immersed in
the slurry stream so as to cause the stream to be divided.
Examples of this type of device are immersed perforated
screens, rake like members, or honeycomb structures. The
means may also be separating passageways or conduits for the
slurry which are not immersed but rather comprise the
conducting system for the slurry.
(2) Note. The dividing means do not permanently divide the
stock stream so that separate streams are applied to the mold
surface, rather they are inserted in the slurry stream and
permit the stream to recombine so that the unitary sheet of
slurry is applied to the mold.
(3) Note. In this subclass may also be found, for example,
head boxes in which a plurality of vaned members are inserted
in the stock stream to reduce the cross-section of the stream
confining means to thereby increase the velocity of the
stream. Also in this subclass the vanes may, for example,
have the function of quieting turbulence in the stream.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Apparatus
having means to doctor or limit the thickness of the stock
stream at the point of issuance from the supply container
onto the foraminous forming surface.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus
having more than a single stock thickness regulating means
which means are separated one from the other and disposed in
separated relationship in the direction of stock travel
whereby the pulp slurry contacts the regulating means in
sequence.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus in
which means are provided for regulating at will the
side-to-side span of the issuing slurry stream.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for adjustable width suction boxes.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus in
which the spacing between the effective edge of the slice
member and its opposed passage defining element is varied by
either bodily distorting the adjacent portions of the slice
member, or causing the slice member to swing about on an axis
of pivot.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which the forming surface comprises a pervious distortable
looped web, traveling longitudinally of itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 for combinations of an endless web mold and means
directing stock into contact with the molding surface, and
especially subclasses 318+ for cylinder molds with an endless
mold trained around the cylinder.
323 for immersion vat type molding devices, most of which
utilize a cylindrical mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 400 for belt type
filters.
245, Wire Fabrics and Structure, appropriate subclasses, and
especially subclass 8 for mesh belts, per se, made of woven
wire and see the notes to the class definition of that class
(245) for the locus of other wire fabric structures.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 304.4
for a composite web or sheet in which one component is porous
or cellular.
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components,
particularly 237 for a friction drive belt.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus in
which the flexible endless band is supported during at least
a portion of its travel by a concomitantly traveling
foraminous or pervious flexible member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for pervious cylinder molds with an endless pervious
forming belt thereabout.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus
provided with means to adjust or alter at will the general
disposition of the foraminous forming surface relative to the
horizontal.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus
provided with means for regulating the quantity of fluid
material passing through the foraminous forming surface.
(1) Note. Any structure which bears against the bottom of
the wire will in some way effect the drainage of the water
through the wire, as for example, the table roll structures
aid in removing water from the bottom of the wire, however
for the purpose of this classification a specific disclosure
of the influence on the drainage must be recited for
classification in this subclass. For details of table
structure or wire supporting structure in which such
disclosures are not present search must be made in subclasses
354+ below.
(2) Note. The devices of this subclass are positioned on
the side of the wire away from the molding surface as
distinguished from a mask or apron that is positioned on the
molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
297 for pneumatic pressure or vacuum means acting directly
on stock on mold surface.
353 for devices controlling the area of contact of the pulp
with the mold surface and see (2) Note above.
363 for suction devices, per se.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in
which a solid member bears against the bottom surface of the
flexible endless band for doctoring fluid material passing
through the band.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus
provided with means to restrict or alter the area of contact
of the pulp slurry with the forming surface.
(1) Note. The apparatus of this subclass control the
application of slurry to the mold surface and are associated
with the pulp carrying side of the mold as distinguished from
devices under the mold and controlling the flow of white
water or filtering medium after separation from the retained
pulp. For the latter type of device see subclass 351 above.
(2) Note. The devices of this subclass include, for
example, the following: deckled straps, which are endless
bands traveling with the mold and serving to form the side
dams for the molding surface; apron devices which usually
comprise a flexible cloth attached to the head box or stock
supply means and extending over the endless belt to help
carry the stock onto the endless belt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for cylinder molds having associated therewith mask
deckle or apron structure.
351 for flexible endless band mold devices provided with
means placed below the mold surface for collecting or
controlling the flow of white water through the mold and see
(1) Note above.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Apparatus
having means relating to the support and mounting of the
flexible endless band.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example, table
roll assemblies, breast roll mountings, cantilever frame
structures, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for endless belt mold table structures specifically
adapted to permit changing and/or tensioning of the mold.
332 for mounting means for cylinder molds.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus
provided with means imparting a shaking or reciprocating
motion to the flexible endless band which motion is
transverse to the general longitudinal motion of the band.
(1) Note. The motion is usually for the purpose of causing
better felting of the slurry during dewatering and forming on
the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for processes for forming by felting and/or dewatering
including the step of vibrating or agitating the slurry on
the mold surface.
311 and 313+, for means separate from the mold for treating
the stock on the molding surface.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Apparatus in
which the direction of motion is at right angles to the
direction of extension of the molding surface.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
relating to the structure of a rotary foraminous mold member
which member is circular in a plane transverse to the axis of
rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for cylinder molds in combination with immersion vats,
which vat contains the slurry.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
492, Roll or Roller, 30 for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, having surface projections, indentations or
slits. A roll of Class 492 is a material working roll rather
than a forming or molding roll as provided for in this class
(162).
Subclass:
358.1
Press and felt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
comprising a means for subjecting wet formed paper web
carried on a flexible permeable belt to solid pressure
applying surfaces (e.g., roll pair, etc.).
(1) Note. In this subclass, the pressing applying surface is
usually a roll couple and the felt is generally for the
purpose of carrying, pressing and dewatering the fragile wet
paper web or interfacing between the paper web and the
pressing means. Roll couples, per se, for treating webs
either wet or dry when not in combination with a felt for the
web may be found in the appropriate subclasses of Class 100,
presses. However, if the sole purpose of the roll couple is
disclosed to be for operation with a felt for Class 162
purposes, a mandatory cross is also made in this subclass.
Subclass:
358.2
With felt structure or felt composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Apparatus
wherein a porous felt lying between a roll and the wet paper
web for conveying and pressing the wet paper web has
significant felt structure(e.g., groove, shape, dimension,
etc.) or identified felt composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclass 383, for woven
fabric, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for nonwoven fabric having structure.
Subclass:
358.3
Extended nip press:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Apparatus
wherein the pressure applying surfaces include conforming
opposing press means (e.g., roll opposing overlapping
stationary shoe having an impermeable belt structure moving
between the shoe and wet paper web, etc.) which increases the
area of the nip sandwiching a continuously moving wet formed
paper for dewatering thereof.
(1) Note. Thus, the nip that would normally be a single
line contact point between two rolls is said to be an
extended nip due to the greater pressing area of the
conforming overlapping opposing press means.
Subclass:
358.4
With impermeable belt structure or impermeable belt
composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.3. Apparatus
wherein an impermeable belt for conveying and contacting the
wet web riding over the opposing conforming press means has
significant belt structure(e.g., groove, shape, dimensions,
etc.) or identified belt composition.
(1) Note. The impermeable belt riding over the overlapping
opposing press means is not to be confused with the permeable
felt that lies between the roll and the wet paper web.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 844.1, for
conveyor belts, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for belts with structure.
Subclass:
358.5
With heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.3. Apparatus
having separate means at the location of the extended nip
press for directly or indirectly heating the wet paper web
during an extended nip pressing operation.
Subclass:
359.1
With separate heated drying means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Apparatus
having, in addition to the solid pressure applying surfaces,
a separate means for heating to dehydrate the wet-formed
paper.
Subclass:
360.2
Plural sequential presses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358.1. Apparatus in
which the pressure applying surfaces are in spaced serially
arranged relationship providing plural pressing locations.
Subclass:
360.3
Having three or more coacting rolls (e.g., compact press,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 360.2. Apparatus
having three or more coacting rolls wherein at least one of
the rolls is simultaneously in contact with at least two
other rolls to form plural press surfaces for simultaneously
pressing a wet paper web moving therethrough.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus in
which a solid member directly contacts a formed web of felted
fibers and directly alters or modifies the structure of the
web in some way.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for apparatus of the web creping or crinkling type and
see also subclass 282 for devices which additionally
corrugate the crinkled web.
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Apparatus in
which the solid member is irregular in surface configuration
or imparts different characteristics to adjacent areas of the
web.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices, per se,
for treating a felted web whether the web is dry, still damp
from the water laying process, or rewetted to facilitate
working.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes for forming a nonuniform, irregular or
configured web.
309 for apparatus in which an irregular treating member acts
on the web on the forming means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working 90.01 and especially subclasses 90.1+ for
burnishing of paper.
101, Printing, 3.1 for apparatus for embossing dry paper
webs.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Apparatus
provided with means operating on the web at a reduced
pressure relative to atmospheric pressure for the purpose of
dewatering the moist slurry web.
(1) Note. The devices of this and the indented subclasses
are not forming molds, or molds in combination with suction
applying means, but are rather the suction means, per se,
which may or may not be disclosed as acting through a forming
mold. Thus, the devices may act on the moist web either on
the forming mold, or after removal from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
252 for suction means having an automatic control feature.
278 and 279, for apparatus conditioning devices including
means to apply suction to the apparatus being conditioned.
297 for vacuum means acting directly on the stock on the
mold surface.
335 for cylinder molds combined with drain or suction
means.
351 for flexible endless band type molding devices having
drainage control means for white water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 300.1 for
cleaning machines of the suction type.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus in
which more than a single discrete suction device are
associated in treating a single workpiece or in which the
source of suction and the conduits external of the suction
applying means is claimed.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus in
which the suction device has a to-and-fro motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
355 for devices in which an endless belt-type foraminous
mold reciprocates transversely of the suction box.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus
having means to alter at will the area of action of the
device in a direction transverse of the length of the work
piece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 and 353, for molding devices in which a foraminous mold
has masking means associated therewith.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus in
which the suction device has a permeable work contacting
surface through which the suction is drawn, which surface is
mounted for motion.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Apparatus in
which the moving suction device is a cylinder mounted for
rotation about its axis and the permeable surface is the
circumferential surface of the cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for rotary pervious cylinder structures which are
cylinder molds, that is, adapted to accrete a layer of pulp
on the surface thereof.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Apparatus in
which the active suction area of the pervious cylinder
consists of a restricted portion of the circumference of the
cylinder, the restriction being caused by a confined suction
producing chamber bearing against the inner walls of the
rotary pervious cylinder.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus in
which plural discrete chambers or a single partitioned
chamber bears against the inner peripheral wall of the
cylinder whereby more than a single suction area is applied
to the inner wall.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus in
which the internal suction box is provided with glands or
packing means where it bears against the inner surface of the
rotary cylinder.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Apparatus in
which the invention relates to the structure or details of
the rotary pervious cylinder, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus in
which the contact surface of the suction device comprises at
least one solid impermeable cylindrical member mounted for
rotation about it symmetrical axis.
(1) Note. In this subclass the suction is not through the
rollers but between the rollers, the rollers being
nonpervious. Subclasses 368+ provides for suction devices
utilizing a pervious cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Apparatus in
which the product bears against and slides relative to the
suction device and some detail of the bearing surface is
recited.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having means to modify the temperature of the work or any
portion of the apparatus.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are molding devices
combined with separate heated drying means, ovens, etc., for
drying the molded product and also heat exchange means
directly associated with the molding device for heating the
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for processes of winding or roll forming utilizing
heat.
192 for processes utilizing electrical or wave energy, which
energy may generate heat in the product.
207 for processes producing or treating running length work
involving a heating step.
224 and 226, for processes involving a step of heating
discrete articles.
290 for the combination of means producing and endless web
and separate heat exchange means.
359 for press and felt devices with separate heated drying
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for drying means, per se, and see the class
definition of that class (34) for the locus of other heating
and/or drying devices.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Apparatus
having means to increase the temperature of a pervious
felting mold for forming the work.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 375. Apparatus
having a solid heated shaping member which contacts the
work.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Apparatus in
which the heated shaping member is brought into heat exchange
relationship with the felted article while it is still on the
felting form.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Apparatus in
which more than a single heated die is contacted serially
with the work piece.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
including means to prepare the stock material for the forming
step or to maintain or continue the proper condition of the
stock material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for various processes for preparing pulp which include a
step of chemical liberation, recovery or purification of
fibrous material and subclasses 233+, for corresponding
apparatus.
158 for processes involving a step of adding a nonfibrous
material to the pulp.
187 for pulp preparation processes including a step of
hydration or gelatinization.
189 for processes involving a step reclamation salvage or
reuse of materials.
261 for paper making apparatus combined with beating,
refining and/or disintegrating means.
263 for apparatus having measuring or testing means.
264 for apparatus for the recirculation or treatment of
white water or broke.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for devices, per
se, controlling the consistency of the slurry stock and
especially subclass 92 and 467.5.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
combined with means, per se, classifiable in another class.
(1) Note. Search must be made in various subclasses above
in the schedule for those combinations specifically set out
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for combined processes.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having a pervious die for accreting a fibrous article from a
suspension of fibers in a liquid by draining surplus liquid
through the pores of the die.
(1) Note. The devices for this and the indented subclass
produce discrete articles as distinguished from the devices
of subclass 289 in which endless, running, or indefinite
length article is produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
218 for discrete article forming processes.
289 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in
which the foraminous die has separate areas adapted to pass
therethrough different amounts of suspending fluid.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found for example,
apparatus in which a portion of the foraminous die is masked
off to prevent accretion of pulp in those areas or to vary
the thickness of the deposited layer of pulp. Also in this
subclass may be found apparatus in which different degrees of
suction are applied to various areas of the mold to increase
or decrease selectively the amount of deposition of pulp on
the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for processes producing a nonuniform, irregular or
configured sheet or web.
334 and 353, for apparatus for producing an endless web and
having masking means.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in
which the water or liquid carrying the fiber is caused to be
expressed through the foraminous forming mold at least in
part by the action of centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 286 for centrifugal metal casting
apparatus.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 360 for apparatus
having a filter medium adapted for rapid movement about an
axis of rotation and see the Notes thereto for the locus of
other centrifugal devices.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 425 for an apparatus including mold motion to
distribute or compact stock therein.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in
which the bulk supply of slurry is brought into contact with
the forming means by bodily moving the container for the bulk
supply into association with the foraminous forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
388 for means for causing this association in which the mold
moves into the slurry supply while the supply remains
stationary.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus
having means to grasp the foraminous forming mold for
manipulation directly by the operator during the forming
step.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in
which a foraminous forming surface is brought into contact
with an excess of pulp slurry and that amount of fibers
necessary to form the completed article are deposited on the
mold by difference in pressure between the back surface of
the foraminous mold and the supply of pulp, and the mold with
the fiber layer thereon is then removed from the body of the
pulp slurry.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Apparatus
provided with means for bodily changing the position of the
foraminous mold to bring it into and/or out of relationship
with the bulk supply of pulp slurry.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus
provided with concurrently moving means applying suction to
the nonmolding side of the foraminous forming surface which
means are separable from the mold or have a different motion
therefrom.
Subclass:
390
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which the means holding the pulp slurry is partitioned to
provide separate areas of slurry and/or separate discrete
pulp slurry holders are provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 for plural stage deposition processes.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus in
which the means moving the mold is mounted for motion about
an axis of rotation.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Apparatus
having in addition to molding means a separate means for
applying pressure to the felted article on the forming die or
after removal from the forming die.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus
having means mounting the foraminous mold for to and fro
motion relative to the pulp supply.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Apparatus
provided with means to apply pressure to the felted article
either while still on the forming die or after removal
therefrom.
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus
provided with means for applying pressure to the felted
article either while still on the forming die or after
removal from the forming die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for apparatus forming an indefinite length product
combined with means to thereafter subject the product to
pressure.
415 for compressors, per se.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in
which at least a portion of the liquid of the slurry fiber
supply is expressed through the foraminous mold by a solid
member moving toward the foraminous molding surface to
increase the pressure of the slurry against the mold
surface.
(1) Note. In these devices the pressure differential
between the two faces of the molding surface may be increased
or supplemented during the molding step by applying a vacuum
behind the mold face.
(2) Note. The pressing surface opposed to the foraminous
molding surface may itself be a foraminous molding surface.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus
having more than a single molding set whereby plural discrete
articles are produced.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus in
which the opposed foraminous mold platen and opposed pressure
surface are generally planar and quite extensive relative to
the thickness of the article produced.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus in
which the opposed foraminous mold platen and opposed pressure
surface are generally planar and quite extensive relative to
the thickness of the article produced.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Apparatus
provided with means extending between the opposed molding
surfaces whereby holes are formed in the article during the
molding step.
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus in
which the pressure applying platen is an elastic member,
which is distorted to apply pressure to the slurry on the
mold.
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus in
which the pressure applying means surrounds the pulp body and
a foraminous core.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus in
which the mold surface generates a cylindrical cavity and
pressure is exerted on the pulp slurry by causing the mold to
contract thus reducing the cavity in volume.
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus in
which a hollow foraminous member is positioned within the
mold and through which liquid is expressed during the
pressure applying step.
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus in
which a core member is adapted to be changed in dimension in
normal operation.
(1) Note. The core may be expanded to exert pressure on the
slurry material, or it may be contracted for ease of removal
from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 178 for static cores having means to
expand or contract the core.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Apparatus
having a mold member which forms a hole or cavity in the pulp
product which member is foraminous so that the suspending
fluid may be drained therethrough.
Subclass:
407
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus
having means for filling a mold cavity with the liquid pulp
slurry.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for apparatus for moving a mold into a slurry supply.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in
which the means for filling the mold form a closed passageway
interconnected with the hollow mold and further means are
provided for increasing the pressure of the slurry within the
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 303 for metal injecting apparatus.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Apparatus in
which separate charges are applied to distinct areas within
this mold.
Subclass:
410
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus
provided with means for bodily removing the formed product
from the forming mold.
(1) Note. To be classified in this subclass means must be
present for positively displacing the article from the mold
or mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 344, for metal casting devices including
product ejecting means.
249, Static Molds, subclass 66.1 for mold having means to
apply a force to remove or release the product.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus
comprising a dipping mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 400 for an immersion type coating
apparatus.
249, Static Molds, appropriate subclasses, for mold having a
movable or removable foraminous liner and subclass 141 for a
foraminous mold, per se.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 269 for apparatus comprising a dipping type
shaping form with disclosed product removal.
Subclass:
415
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
having solid means for compacting a felted water-laid fibrous
article.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass operate on the
fibrous body while still moist. The shaping or compressing
of dry paper is provided for in other classes, such as Class
100, Presses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for processes for reshaping a fibrous article.
224 for processes for subjecting a fibrous article to heat
and/or mechanical pressure.
305 for apparatus forming a running length product combined
with separate pressing means.
358 for press and felt devices.
361 for solid means acting on a formed web.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses, per se,
where no shaping is involved.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, 395 for die shaping a
sheet or web article.
Subclass:
416
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Apparatus in
which the surface of the compressor contacting the work is
contoured or is other than flat.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
PAPERMAKING PRESS FELTS:
Cross-reference art collection of porous felts, per se, which
are utilized to carry, press and dewater a wet paper web and
which felts are defined by structure or composition.
(1) Note. The felt usually rides between a roll and the wet
paper web. It is not to be confused with the foraminous wet
paper forming means (e.g., wire) on which the paper is formed
from paper pulp or with the impermeable belt utilized to
convey and press the wet paper web or with the drier section
fabrics which generally have higher permeability.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358.2 for press and felt combinations having significant
felt structure or having felt composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclass 388, for woven
fabric, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for nonwoven fabric having structure.
Subclass:
901
IMPERMEABLE BELTS FOR EXTENDED NIP PRESS:
Cross-reference art collection of impermeable belts, per se,
defined by structure or composition and utilized as a wet
paper web contacting, pressing or carrying means that rides
over the opposing conforming press means (e.g., shoe or
shoes, etc.) to form with a cooperating roll the extended nip
for pressing the wet paper web.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
358.4 a press with felt that is utilized as an extended nip
press and has an impermeable belt with structure or
composition in combination therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 844.1, for
conveyor belts, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for belts with structure.
Subclass:
902
WOVEN FABRIC FOR PAPERMAKING DRIER SECTION:
Cross-reference art collection of woven fabrics for
supporting or conveying wet paper web through the drying
section of the papermaking system, not to be confused with
felts utilized in the pressing section or members utilized in
the paper forming section.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, particularly
subclass 243, for drier fabrics.
139, Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclass 383, for woven
fabric, per se.
Subclass:
903
PAPER FORMING MEMBER (E.G., FOURDRINIER, SHEET FORMING
MEMBER, ETC.):
Cross-reference art collection of foraminous papermaking
members, per se, onto which a wet paper web is formed from a
slurry of fibrous pulp with or without other wet end paper
additives.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for papermaking apparatus having as an element thereof a
flexible endless band forming member (e.g., Fourdrinier,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclass 425, for from
woven fabric.
Subclass:
904
WITH SPECIFIED SEAM STRUCTURE OF PAPERMAKING BELT:
Cross-reference art collection wherein structural details of
the seam which joins two ends of papermaking fabric to
produce an endless belt are recited.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles: Weaving, particularly subclass 383, for woven
fabrics having seam structure.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000