U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 138
PIPES AND TUBULAR CONDUITS
Class Definition:
This class includes:
A. Tubular members of definite or indefinite length including
wall structure of the tubular members, the end structure of
the tubular members of definite length, if not elsewhere
classifiable.
B. Fluid pressure compensators (e.g., accumulators or
cushioning devices), flow regulators, or baffles not
restricted by structure to use with any particular art.
C. Devices for thawing frozen fluid in pipes, for preventing
the fluid in the pipes from freezing and for preventing the
pipe from bursting if the fluid freezes.
D. Pipes with closures and plugs where tied with the
structure of the pipe or limited by structure to use with a
pipe.
E. Methods and apparatus for repairing pipes where not
elsewhere classifiable.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
For articles embracing a short length of a tube having some
added feature which makes them into a shot shell, box, can or
other article, the proper article class should be searched.
This class (138) includes conveyor pipes comprising the mere
tube. If the device is an open chute, is more than a mere
pipe, or is otherwise limited to use as a conveyor, it is
classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes, below
for the conveyor classes.
For tubular textile fabric for use in making hose, see Class
66, Textiles: Knitting, subclasses 169+, Class 87, Textiles:
Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making, subclasses 6 and 9,
Class 57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining,
appropriate subclasses, and Class 139, Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 387+.
For pipe joints and couplings, see Class 285, Pipe Joints or
Couplings. The combination of pipe wall structure and a
coupling is classified in Class 285.
Methods of, and apparatus for, manufacturing tubes are not
classifiable in this class but are found in the various
manufacturing classes. See References to Other Classes,
below.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 104.03 for
pipe cleaning.
29, Metal Working, 890.03 for processes of making metal
tubes, subclasses 700+ for apparatus for applying tubes to
and removing tubes from the device with which they are
associated, subclass 435 for processes of making flexible
tubing, subclass 455.1 for processes of making tubular
elements having concentric walls spaced from each other. See
subclasses 700+ for a residual apparatus not elsewhere
classified which assembles component parts into a tube by
means other than welding them.
37, Excavating, 335 for pipe supports and couplings for
dredgers.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate
subclasses for buildings with internal passages or conduits
or hollow structures which are more than a mere tubular
structure capable of use as a pipe or conduit and see the
reference to Class 138 in the class definition of Class 52.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 11 for a roof with
an eave or valley gutter, subclasses 220.1+ for a service
duct within a building barrier, subclasses 245+ for buildings
with a curved barrier, subclasses 716.1+ for an in situ
attached type channel or trim strip, subclass 722.1 for a
stone-like conduit, and subclass 731 for load-bearing members
forming a hollow column or beam and see the reference to
Class 138 in the class definition of Class 52.
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, above).
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for a process
of, or apparatus for making, reshaping or treating glass
tubular stock.
66, Textiles: Knitting, 169 (See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, above).
72, Metal Deforming, and particularly 367.1, for a method or
a means for making a metal tube by plastically deforming the
metal.
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses and particularly subclass
54 and 178+ for tube punching methods and apparatus.
87, Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making, subclass 6
and 9 (See, above).
110, Furnaces, subclass 184 for furnace smokestacks.
114, Ships, subclass 187 for ship's smokestacks.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 511 for tubes
and connections limited by structure to use with liquid
vaporizers.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 307 for pipes limited by structure
to use as stove pipes.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclass for pipes and
conduits combined with other fluid handling features, and 317
for apparatus and processes for tapping pressurized
containers or mains.
139, Textiles: Weaving, subclass 387. (Also see Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class and Within This Class,
above).
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus for
manufacturing pipes and tubular conduits by a laminating
operation.
165, Heat Exchange, 177 for a tube limited by structure to
heat exchange.
166, Wells, 75.11 for well heads or closures having some
fluid handling feature, subclass 91.1 for well head structure
with flow resisters, subclasses 192+ and subclass there noted
for plugs inserted into a prepositioned well conduit, and
subclasses 242.1+ for conduit wall structure specialized to
use in wells.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, particularly 8,
and 68.1+ for conduits limited to electrical use. Conduits
disclosed for electrical use even though the tube is made of
or lined with insulating material, unless there are claimed
features in addition to the conduit structure which limit the
same to electrical use, such as junction boxes, the contained
electrical conductors, grounds, etc., are in this Class
(138).
181, Acoustics, for speaking-tubes, mufflers, and sound
filters.
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways Also see
Lines With Other Classes, above.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven. Also see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, above.
219, Electric Heating, 59.1 for methods of an apparatus for
welding tubes, which involve significant electric heating.
220, Receptacles, 200 for pipes with closures and plugs when
not tied with the structure of the pipe or not limited by
structure to use with a pipe.
222, Dispensing, particularly 92 for containers having
collapsible walls of a particular character. Structures
disclosed as dispensing containers and having collapsible
walls are classified in Class 222, collapsibility per se
being a dispensing feature. On the other hand, mere tubular
collapsible members not disclosed or claimed as containers or
receptacles are classified in this class (138).
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 126 for the process of encasing a
rod or tube with a separate tube or sheath and bonding the
parts together.
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes, subclass 4.5
for a cylindrical paperboard container having an open end,
and subclass 93 for a paperboard tube intended for mailing
drawings or similar articles, which tube may have an open end
or ends.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 33
for portable drinking tubes and straws; subclass 145 for
porous hose or pipe; and subclasses 266+ for sprinkler
pipes.
248, Supports, 49 for pipe supports.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes within the
class definition, for molding and shaping plastic
substances.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings. See Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class and Within This Class, above.
291, Track Sanders, 41 for sand delivery pipes for track
sanders limited by structure to that use.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 239 for wave
guides which claim significant wave propagation
characteristics, and subclasses 1+ for plural channel systems
of such guides.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus 2 for road drain
or gutter structure.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 43 for porous or
apertured pipes, flumes, or tile ways for drainage or
irrigation; subclasses 119+ for a flume or attachment; and
subclasses 124+ for culverts.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, 191 for conveyor conduits.
Also see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
above.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for shaping
or reshaping nonmetallic pipe, especially 131 for extrusion
shaping means fed from plural sources to form a composite
pipe; subclass 380 for an extrusion shaping apparatus,
subclasses 392+ for a tubular preform reshaping means; and
subclass 414 for a plunger-mold press shaping apparatus
including means to insert or remove a core.
427, Coating Processes, for coating processes of general
application and note especially 230 for coating the interior
of hollow articles.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and subclass 586 for a
metallic workpiece for making tubular stock, which has a
longitudinal passageway or stop weld material, and subclass
598 for metallic stock material having a T- or X-type cross
section.
454, Ventilation, 1 for ventilating chimneys.
473, Amusement Devices: Games, 316 for tubular golf club
shafts.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, 269 for making a tube
from a nonmetal sheet or web.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
26
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices, in the pipe line, attached thereto, or adapted to be
attached thereto, for allowing expansion of the conducted
fluid upon change in temperature, for receiving and
delivering energy from and to the conducted fluid to maintain
a more nearly constant pressure of the fluid and for
dampening pulsations in pressure caused by a quick-shutoff of
flow or by the nonuniform action of a pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 277 for such devices
tied up with the structure of a water meter or its casing,
and subclasses 700+, where tied up with pressure gauges.
181, Acoustics, 212 for similar structures in mufflers and
sound filters.
417, Pumps, 540 for such devices in combination with a
significantly claimed pump.
Subclass:
27
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Devices
intended to prevent the bursting of the pipe when the fluid
therein freezes by providing an air pocket or other chamber
into which the fluid can flow when it expands.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41.5, for similar
devices tied up with the structure of an internal combustion
engine cooling system.
137, Fluid Handling, 59 for fluid handling system including
safety devices responsive to freeze conditions, subclasses
301+ for hydrants having means for preventing freezing,
subclasses 334+ for fluid handling devices including heating
means to prevent freezing, subclass 375 for jacketed or
insulated fluid handling apparatus and subclass 593 for fluid
distribution systems provided with expansion chambers.
Subclass:
28
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Devices in
which the tube itself or a part thereof is expansible or an
element in the tube is compressible to allow for the
expansion of the fluid when it freezes.
Subclass:
30
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Devices in the
form of a chamber whose capacity is variable usually by means
of a flexible diaphragm or sliding plunger.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 89
and 96 for accumulator chambers which store fluid under
pressure for subsequent delivery to a nozzle.
Subclass:
31
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Devices in
which the chamber is of variable capacity by reason of a
slidable piston or plunger.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for thawing the frozen fluid in pipes or pipes having
means for preventing the fluid from freezing or for
preventing the bursting of the pipe when the fluid freezes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 where the device allows for the expansion of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 277 for similar devices
tied up with the structure of a water meter or its casing.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 41.5, for similar
devices tied up with the structure of an internal combustion
engine cooling system.
137, Fluid Handling, 59 for fluid handling systems including
safety devices responsive to freeze conditions, subclass 107
for drain or waste valves responsive to the stopping of the
main line flow, subclasses 301+ for hydrants having means for
preventing freezing, subclasses 334+ for fluid handling
devices including heating means to prevent freezing, subclass
375 for jacketed or insulated fluid handling apparatus and
subclass 596 for stop and waste devices.
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 134.1 for a heat exchanger with
a protector.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 80 for similar devices tied
up with a heating system.
Subclass:
33
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices which
are in the form of an electric heater.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 535 for the electric
heaters, per se, adapted for use in thawing pipes.
Subclass:
34
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices which
have means for putting an antifreeze substance into the fluid
in the pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 190 for the
addition of combustible, antifreeze solutions to gaseous
fuels.
252, Compositions, for antifreeze compounds.
Subclass:
35
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Thawing
apparatus which is portable and not elsewhere classifiable as
a stove or heater.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Pipes
having means whereby they will be caused to leak when worn so
as to need replacing and other wear indicating means.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Pipes
or pipe fittings having baffles or other means for changing
the direction or rate of flow of fluid in the pipe or for
governing the degree of turbulence of the flowing fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 180 for conduits having
mixing means for fuel gases.
110, Furnaces, 324 for baffles or heat retainers
structurally defined for engaging pipe structure.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for processes and
apparatus having means for controlling the flow of fluid
therein and multiple valves, per se, and particularly 98 for
baffles employed for securing self-proportioning flow,
subclass 505+ for pressure regulators where the regulation is
varied by the pressure in the pipe, subclass 574 for baffles
employed to form plural compartments for serial flow,
subclasses 610+ for deflectors forming a flow control device
at the junction of a plurality of flow passages.
181, Acoustics, 212 for similar structures in mufflers and
sound filters.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
valves where the flow may be shut off, particularly 118 (and
the search notes thereto) for other fluid handling devices
with baffles or other material guide structure.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclass 92 for conduit
having means to create whirling motion in a conveying fluid
current; subclasses 155+ for proportional flow distributors;
and subclasses 191+ for a conduit having a flow regulator or
baffle therein, and some structural feature peculiar to the
conveying of solids in a fluid current.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Pipes in which
the baffle or other means is designed to facilitate a
transfer of heat between fluids inside and outside of the
pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, 177 for a pipe or tubular conduit
limited by structure on its exterior for use as a heat
exchanger; particularly subclass 181+ for such an element
with exterior fins.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Pipes in which
the baffles or other means are designed to facilitate the
flow of fluid in the pipe.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Pipes in which
the means restricts the flow in the pipe, but does not cut
off entirely.
(1) Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses include
some devices disclosed for the purpose of forming a mixture
or emulsion of a plurality of fluids but in which the claims
are limited to the structure of the conduit and the flow
restrictor. See the Search Class Notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 511 and 527+ for restrictors
tied up with a refrigerating system.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 707 for restrictors for
protecting gages and claimed in combination therewith or
otherwise tied up with the gage structure, and subclasses
861.42+, where the restrictor is tied up with connections to
a flow meter.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for apparatus other than a mere mixer, for treating foods and
beverages and not elsewhere provided for. See the (1) Note
above.
166, Wells, subclass 91.1 for well head apparatus with
chokes or beans.
184, Lubrication, 6 and subclass 52 for restrictors tied up
with a lubricating system.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 118 for the
combination of a separator and a variable restrictor
responsive to a condition, subclasses 418+ for a filter and
flow controller combination, and subclasses 435+ for
strainers in pipes which incidentally restrict.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for apparatus for forming suspensions
of solids in liquids. See the (1) Note above.
366, Agitating, 336 for mixing devices having features
additional to merely a conduit and flow restrictor for
effecting agitation in a liquid flowing therethrough, and
subclasses 176.1+ for a similar device including force
applying feed means to effect emulsification. See the (1)
Note above.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 9 for colloid systems of liquid continuous phase
(e.g., emulsions, suspensions, dispersions, foams) or agents
for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or
agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Pipes which
have a screen in the line of flow in addition to the
restrictor.
Subclass:
42
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Devices in
which the path of flow of the fluid is tortuous.
Subclass:
43
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Devices wherein
the device is adjustable to vary the restriction.
Subclass:
44
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Devices in
which the path of flow of the fluid is centrally of the
tube.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Devices wherein
the restrictor is adjustable to vary the restriction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Photography, subclass 64 for camera diaphragms.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 408 and 451+
for spray nozzles having adjustable restrictions.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Devices in
which the restrictor is adjustable to vary the restriction.
Subclass:
89
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to pipes or pipe fittings having
closures or plugs, or closures and plugs limited by structure
to use with pipes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for patches.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, 286 for bath,
closet, and sink closures.
89, Ordnance, subclass 31 for plugs or other devices for
closing the gun-muzzle or other opening in the barrel of a
gun.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, 360 for closures and
couplings for water tube boilers.
137, Fluid Handling, 247.11 for liquid seals including
access openings and closures therefor, especially subclasses
247.47 and 247.51.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 294 and 423 for processes and apparatus for
inserting a core within a tube in combination with a
laminating step.
166, Wells, 75.11 for well head closures having some fluid
handling feature and subclasses 192+ and the subclasses there
noted for plugs inserted into a prepositioned well conduit.
174, Electricity: Conductors, and Insulators, subclass 20,
22 and 23, for fluid stops associated with electrical
conduits, cables, end structures or joints.
202, Distillation: Apparatus, 242 for closures for
distillation apparatus.
215, Bottles and Jars, 37 for closures for bottles and
jars.
217, Wooden Receptacles, 56, subclasses 76+ and subclasses
98+ for closures for wooden receptacles.
220, Receptacles, 200 for closures and plugs having a more
general use.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 126.1 for couplings
having an access opening with closure means.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 42 for an end
closure for irrigation or drainage conduit.
Subclass:
89.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures for
pipes of the inflation stem type comprising an air cap which
closes the end of the pipe and a dust cap which shrouds the
air cap and a portion of the pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 232 for inflation stems combined with
cap or closure for protecting and/or sealing the end
thereof.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass 428 for one or
both of the caps combined with the inflation stem and the
attachment to the wheel, rim, felly, or tire.
Subclass:
89.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Closures in
which the air cap and dust cap are combined in one
structure.
Subclass:
89.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures for
pipes of the inflation stem type comprising air caps.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass 431 for combined
caps and deflating tools.
Subclass:
89.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures for
pipes of the inflation stem type comprising dust caps.
Subclass:
90
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Plugs for pipes
having provisions whereby a fluid may be introduced into the
pipe through the plug or for the attachment of a gauge for
the purpose of testing the pipe for leaks.
Subclass:
91
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Plugs for pipes
wherein both ends of the pipe are plugged by connected
plugs.
Subclass:
92
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures and
plugs designed to close an opening in the side of a pipe.
Subclass:
93
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Plugs for pipes
having an inflatable member to seal against inside of the
pipe opening.
Subclass:
94
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures and
plugs for the inside opening of a pipe which are insertable
through a lateral opening in the pipe.
Subclass:
94.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Closures of the
type generally known as "line blinds" which are of platelike
form.
(1) Note. These devices differ from valves in that they
have no surrounding housing to prevent leakage of fluid when
the closure and seat are moved relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for line blinds combined with flow restrictors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 167, 193+ and 326+ for
reciprocating gate valves, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
94.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.3. Closures in
which the plates are pivoted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 177 and 301+, for pivoted
gate valves.
Subclass:
95
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Closures and
plugs, specially designed to be used with a return bend
fitting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 360 for return
bend fittings, for boilers combined with the connection to
the tubes and the closures.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 135.1 for return bend
fittings.
Subclass:
96
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for protecting the ends of pipes, usually threaded,
from damage when not in use as while being shipped or
handled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 2.1 and 108+ for thimbles.
Subclass:
97
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes and apparatus for repairing leaks in pipes and hose
and not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 15.2 for tire repairing tools.
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 15.08-15.17 for a process
of securing, replacing, or servicing a pipe, joint, valve, or
tank, or subclasses 315.01-329.4 for a fluid handling system
with repair, tapping, assembly, or disassembly means.
249, Static Molds, 83, particularly subclass 90 for molds for
repairing leaks in pipes.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 154 for a process or
apparatus for laying a pipe or cable into a submerged or
subterranean location; and subclass 188 for an apparatus or
method for enabling personnel to work on a section of
submerged pipeline.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 11 for a product or preform repair or restoring
means comprising a molding apparatus for shaping or reshaping
nonmetals.
Subclass:
98
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter,
relating to patches for leaky pipes or hose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 227 for leak stoppers for ships.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 367 for pneumatic tire
patches.
220, Receptacles, 243 for patches for metal pipe which are
inserted through an opening in the pipe wall and having clamp
members gripping the wall between them.
Subclass:
99
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Patches which
are applied externally of the pipe and usually have a clamp
band encircling the pipe.
Subclass:
100
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter where in joints transverse to the length of
the pipe are staggered or in break-joint relation to other
joints in the pipe wall make-up which are also transverse to
the length of said pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 245 for in-site
erected type tubular structures of longitudinally juxtaposed
modules.
Subclass:
101
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Device wherein
the pipe wall comprises more than one layer, one layer having
transverse joints that break joint relative to transverse
joints of another layer.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Device wherein
the pipe comprises base sections, joined to adjacent base
sections, the joints of said sections being staggered in
relation to joints of other sections which make up the pipe
wall or parts thereof.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising structure in addition to or
combined with the wall structure of the pipe or tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 47
for the combination of a fluid conduit and an electrical
conductor.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including indicating means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for a wear indicator.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including a trench in which the pipe lies or is received.
Subclass:
106
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including means externally of the pipe for supporting same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for one pipe supported within another pipe or a casing,
by a means external of said one pipe so as to form plural
ducts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 80 for a stand for supporting pipe.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Device wherein
the pipe is suspended by the supporting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 58 and 65+ for a suspended support for pipe.
Subclass:
108
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including means in the pipe to support a disparate element
therein; which, per se, is subject matter for other
classification.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device having
structure at an end portion thereof which is not other where
classifiable
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
89 for a pipe with a closure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 600 for a pipe having at least one closed
end.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Device
including structure for protecting a pipe from kinking, being
bent too abruptly, or from wear due to its coming in contact
with other objects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
96 for an end protector.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having a plurality of unconnected passageways extending
completely through the pipe.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device
supported by spacer elements and having a duct encircling
member which is not fully coextensive with said duct.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device wherein
an inner duct is surrounded by a coextensive duct and
radially spaced therefrom by a plurality of axially spaced
support members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for a duct having means therein to support an element
which, per se, is subject matter for other classification.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device wherein
one duct lies coaxially within another duct.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Device having
a longitudinally extending element therein which constitutes
a common wall for more than one passageway.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Device wherein
the element is separable from the duct.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Device
comprising complementary sections, at least one of the
sections having the common wall integral therewith.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the pipe wall is readily moved transversely of its
longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
118.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device in the
form of a casing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 802 for a
Cross-Reference Art Collection of shirred casings.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Articles Shaping or Treating:
Process, appropriate subclasses, especially 183+, for
processes of making artificial, nonedible casings.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus: appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for forming
artificial nonedible casings.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 138 for edible casing or container and 276+ for
processes of making edible casings.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 35
and 36 for an inedible food casing having a closed end.
452, Butchering, 21 for a method or apparatus for shirring a
casing.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device having
a crease or other means in the pipe wall for facilitating
collapsing of the pipe.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device wherein
the tube wall is made up of jointed, short and tubular,
relatively movable sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, subclass 78.1 for a
pipe the sections of which constitute chain links.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 144.1 for movable joints.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device having
folds or corrugations in the wall thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 174 for a
single or plural layer stock material product embodying a
nonplanar (e.g., corrugated or pleated) component.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Device wherein
the folds are found in the shape of a spiral or helix.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device
comprising braided, interlaced, knitted or woven material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
148 and 393 for processes and apparatus for forming tubes,
etc., by laminating in combination with a braiding step.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 175, 190, 193,
and 196+ for a single or plural layer stock material product
embodying a component having mechanically interengaged
strands or strand-portions (e.g., woven, knitted).
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric, subclasses
181+ for a woven fabric, and subclasses 304+ for a knit
fabric.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Device wherein
there is more than one layer in the pipe wall make-up.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for distinct layer break-joint pipe.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Device wherein
at least one of said layers includes a plastic material.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Device wherein
said material is rubber.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Device
including metal.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device having
a longitudinally extending seam therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 203 and 466 for forming tubes, etc., by
longitudinally bending a web to form a tube and laminating
the edges.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device wherein
at least one spirally wound layer constitutes the wall
structure or a part thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for spirally corrugated flexible pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclass 207
and 210+ for a strand comprising a core with a spirally wound
constituent.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for apparatus and processes for
forming tubes, etc., by a laminating operation and see
especially 169, 184+ and 425+ for forming tubes etc., by a
winding operation. See also subclasses 143+ for processes of
reinforcing a flexible tube with a helical wire coil or wire
rings.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein
there are plural layers of material spirally wound in
opposite directions.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device wherein
the spirally wound material constitutes a metallic core or
innermost part of the pipe wall.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device which
is embedded in the pipe wall or enclosed between two or more
layers of the pipe.
Subclass:
133
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Device
comprising metal.
Subclass:
134
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Device
comprising metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for distinct layer with metal.
131 for a metal core.
133 for embedded metal.
Subclass:
135
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Device wherein
a spiral edge is interlocked with an adjacent spiral edge.
Subclass:
136
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Device having
a packing or sealing material between the interlocked or
clamped edges.
Subclass:
137
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Device wherein
the pipe wall is made up of more than one layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for distinct layer pipe wherein at least one of the
layers is braided, interlaced, knitted or woven.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
forming tubes, etc., with distinct layers by a laminating
operation.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 457, for
a nonstructural plural layer web or sheet including at least
one layer of metal.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Device having
a metallic element embedded in one of the layers or
positioned between at least two layers.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Device wherein
at least one of the distinct layers is a metal liner.
(1) Note. The liner includes a metal sleeve or axially
spaced metal elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for a metal liner in distinct layer braided, interlaced,
knitted or woven pipe.
131 for a spirally wound metal core.
134 for a spirally wound metal liner.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having more than one layer in the pipe wall make-up.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for distinct layer pipe wherein the transverse joint of
one layer breaks joint with the transverse joint of another
layer.
124 for a distinct layer pipe wherein at least one layer is
braided, interlaced, knitted or woven.
137 for a flexible distinct layer pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product including a coating,
impregnation or bonded preformed layer, especially 411 and
615+ for nonmetallic and metallic composites, respectively,
defined in terms of the composition of their components.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
at least two contacting layers are bonded to each other, by
an intermediate layer.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Device wherein
the bonding means is a braze, solder or weld.
Subclass:
143
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Device wherein
at least one of the contacting layers is metal.
Subclass:
144
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Device wherein
at least one layer is spirally wound.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
169, 184+ and 425+ for processes and apparatus for forming
tubes, etc., by a winding operation in combination with a
laminating step.
Subclass:
145
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
the pipe has one or more layers of material deposited
thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for flexible distinct layer pipe including metal.
134 for flexible, spirally wound, metal pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for plastic coating composition.
148, Metal Treatment, 400 for a nominal pipe made of
metallic stock material appropriate to that subclass, e.g.,
heat reheated, etc.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for a nominal pipe claimed in terms of the alloy or metallic
composition from which it is made.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Device wherein
at least one coated layer is of a material different from the
material of another coated layer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for flexible pipe spirally wound.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
mechanical means, such as clips, clamps, bolts, rivets, etc.,
are used to hold one layer within or on another layer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 594
for composite metallic stock having plural layers
discontinuously bonded, e.g., by spot welds or mechanical
fasteners.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
at least one layer is spaced from an adjacent layer to form
an enclosing chamber therearound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
113 for radially spaced plural ducts.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
there is an intermediate layer of insulation material.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
at least one layer has a spiral seam therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for spirally seamed flexible pipe.
144 for a spirally seamed, bonded, plural layer pipe.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
at least one layer has a longitudinally extending seam
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for longitudinally seamed flexible pipe.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device wherein
the edges of at least one layer are spaced from each other
and another layer has a part thereof extending into said
space.
Subclass:
153
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Device wherein
one of said layers is reinforced.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having a spirally extending seam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for flexible pipe having a spiral seam.
144 for a distinct layer pipe wherein at least one layer is
spirally wound.
150 for a distinct layer wherein at least one layer has a
spiral seam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 592
for metallic stock which is helical or has a helical
component.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the pipe wall is made up of short tubular sections
which are rigidly joined to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses, for
similar structure involving in the joint the internal wall
structure of the tube.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
having a longitudinally extending seam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for a flexible pipe with a longitudinal seam.
151 for a distinct layer pipe wherein one layer is
longitudinally seamed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 677 for containers having a longitudinally
extending seam.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 583
for a metallic intermediate article held together by bonding
at the edges only.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device having
more than one longitudinal seam so as to comprise
longitudinal sections which are secured one to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for sectional break-joint pipe.
117 for sectional plural duct pipe.
155 for joined sections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 101
for removable wall electric conduits.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Device wherein
said longitudinal sections have distinct mechanical means,
cooperating with the pipe wall, for securing said sections
together.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device having
bolts, nails, rivets or screws securing them together.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 410 for a bolt or
screw utilized to form a joint.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Device
extending radially through the pipe wall.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Device
comprising an external element encircling or partially
encircling the pipe.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Device wherein
there is a tongue in one section which passes through a slot
in an adjacent section to secure said sections together.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Device wherein
at least one of said longitudinal sections has a bent over
lip or flange.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device
including packing to prevent leakage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 681 for a container having a
longitudinally extending seam with a packing.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, 602 for a static contact seal intended for
use on a pipe, conduit, or cable.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 335 for a pipe coupling with
a packing.
Subclass:
165
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device having
a wedge locking together the adjacent edges thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 421 for a joint
including a wedge type clamp means.
Subclass:
166
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device wherein
there is a tongue or projection received in a slot to lock
together adjacent edges of the seamed pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for tongue and slot locking means in a sectional
conduit.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device having
different structural means holding together adjacent
longitudinal edges of the seamed pipe.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device wherein
the adjacent longitudinal edges of the pipe have hook-like
formations which interlock to form a seam.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device wherein
the seam forming structure changes its character somewhere
along the length of the seam.
Subclass:
170
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Device wherein
the seam is permanently formed or locked.
Subclass:
171
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Device wherein
the forming or locking means is a braze, solder or weld.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for brazed, soldered or welded distinct layer pipe.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
wherein the wall structure of the pipe is reinforced either
by the shape of the wall or by at least one element applied
to said wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for a pipe having more than one layer in the pipe wall
make-up, one of said layers being reinforced.
Subclass:
173
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Device wherein
the reinforcement is in the form of corrugations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for corrugated flexible pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 174 for a
single or plural layer stock material product embodying a
nonplanar (e.g., corrugated, pleated) component.
Subclass:
174
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Device wherein
the pipe wall is reinforced by an embedded element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for a tube that is coated on one side with a coating
material that is different from the coating material on the
other side of said tube.
Subclass:
175
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Device wherein
said wall is clay, concrete or masonry.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, particularly subclass 30, 31+, 228, and 603+.
Subclass:
176
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Device wherein
the reinforcement is tensioned to prestress the clay,
concrete or masonry.
Subclass:
177
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to the make-up of the pipe wall and
not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for the composition of plastic pipe.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for the composition of metal pipe.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not classifiable in any of the other
subclasses.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000