U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
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Class 127
SUGAR, STARCH, AND CARBOHYDRATES
Class Definition:
This class is designed to include apparatus and processes
peculiar to the manufacture of carbohydrates and the products
of such processes when not more specifically provided for
elsewhere.
Inventions peculiar to the extraction, purification, and
crystallization of sugars and the extraction, purification,
and treatment of starch, as such, are found here, as well as
the manufacture of sugars by hydrolysis of carbohydrates.
(1) Note. For processes of liberating cellulosic fibers from
natural sources which processes involve some chemical action,
see References to other Classes, below for the class of Paper
Making and Fiber Liberation.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Processes generally for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates,
including their conversion to sugar by other than biochemical
hydrolysis, where the process either stops with such
conversion or is followed by the steps of purification,
concentration, or crystallization of the sugar or sugar
solution thereby produced, are found in this class. Processes
of hydrolysis of carbohydrates which include the action of
diastase or other biochemical steps are for the most part in
Class 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 93, and 98-105, and are included here only when
such hydrolysis is followed by steps of concentration,
purification, or treatment (such as crystallization) to make
a sugar or syrup. Hydrolysis of carbohydrates to sugar by any
method when followed by alcoholic fermentation or when
directed specially to preparation for alcoholic fermentation
is in Class 435. The chemical manufacture or synthesis of
sugar or carbohydrates by any other process than that of
hydrolysis is not included in this class. Molecular
rearrangement of one carbohydrate to form any other
carbohydrate is excluded. For such processes search Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
Process of making sugar foods, per se, or the sugars combined
with a preservative, including hydrolysis of starch to sugar,
are placed in this class. Foods which contain sugars combined
with nonsugars (other than a preservative) and processes of
making them are in Class 426, Food or Edible Material:
Processes, Compositions, and Products.
Mere processes of making, separating, or purifying sugars,
starches, celluloses, or other carbohydrates, by operations
that include fermentations, and compositions and apparatus
that are specialized for use therein, and processes of making
such compositions for such use, are classified in Class 435,
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology.
For electrical or wave energy methods for the preparation of
sugars, starches, and carbohydrates involving chemical
reactions other than those which result merely from the
thermal effects of the electrical or wave energy, see Class
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, especially subclass
697 for electrolytic treatment of sugar and Class 204,
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, especially subclasses
450+ for electrophoretic and electro-osmotic processes (e.g.,
separation of sugars, starches, and carbohydrates, etc.).
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including sugar,
starch, or carbohydrates.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 1+ for
processes of liberating cellulosic fibers from natural
sources, which processes involve some chemical action.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclass for heat exchange
apparatus, per se.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting, Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for separating constitutents of a
mixture by liquid suspension, sifting, and stratifying.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for filtration or gravitational separation
apparatus, especially subclass 360.1 for a centrifugal
extractor.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus for
comminuting sugar, starch, and carbohydrate bearing material.
See section 10 of the main class definition of Class 241, for
a statement of the line.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus not
provided for elsewhere, for carrying out a chemical or
physical reaction or for performing an analysis involving a
chemical or physical reaction.
424, and 514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating
Compositions, particularly Class 424, subclass 418, 461+,
479+, 488, 493+, and 499, Class 514 subclasses 777+ and 970
for a composition of that class containing a sugar, starch or
carbohydrate.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
Apparatus particluarly designed for the treatment of
carbohydrates with chemical reagents to effect hydrolysis of
sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
93 and 98-105, for apparatus for hydrolyzing carbohydrates
by diastatic mashings or other fermentations.
Subclass:
2
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous apparatus for treating sacchariferous material
falling, but not within any of the subclasses indented
hereunder.
Subclass:
3
Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation of sugar
from solid material by lixiviation, leaching, or diffusion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclasses 104+ for presses, not elsewhere
provided for, having drain means for expressed liquids.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 261+
for leaching apparatus not peculiar to the extraction of
sugar.
Subclass:
4
Having means for disintegrating the sacchariferous material.
Subclass:
5
Means is provided for positively moving the solid material
with respect to the container for the leaching liquid.
Subclass:
6
The apparatus through which the solid material progresses
comprises a plurality of containers connected in series for
the leaching liquid.
Subclass:
7
The apparatus through which the sacchariferous solid material
progresses is tubular.
Subclass:
8
The apparatus comprises a system or plurality of cells
adapted to receive the material to be leached and connected
for circulation of the liquid from cell to cell. No means is
provided for moving the solid material with respect to the
containers for the leaching liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 and 68, for apparatus and processes for steeping grain.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 261 for
leaching apparatus not peculiar to the extraction of sugar.
Subclass:
9
Means particularly designed for the treatment of
sugar-bearing solutions for purification or concentration or
for separation of the sugar in solid form.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, for concentrating apparatus
of general application.
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses for heat exchange
apparatus of general utility.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 360.1 for a
filter of the centrifugal type.
Subclass:
10
Apparatus peculiarly adapted for the separation of impurities
from sugar solutions by differential diffusion comprising a
permeable membrane or partition forming a common wall to two
chambers.
Subclass:
11
Apparatus peculiarly designed for the precipitation or
separation of solid impurities from sugar solutions.
Subclass:
12
Apparatus in which the precipitation or separation of
impurities from sugar solutions is caused or furthered by the
introduction of gas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for gas and liquid contact of general application.
Subclass:
13
Vessels particularly designed for permitting or promoting the
separation or precipitation of solid impurities from sugar
solutions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
27 for starch-settling tanks.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 155+ for separating tanks.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 294+ for
a decanter and filter combination, subclasses 322+ for plural
distinct decanters, and subclasses 513+ for a gravitational
separator.
Subclass:
14
Vessels especially adapted for mixing sacchariferous
solutions with other liquids or with solids (as chemicals).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 109 for a heat exchange vessel
of general application with a stirring device.
366, Agitating, for mixing devices of general utility.
Subclass:
15
Apparatus peculiarly adapted for controlling or assisting the
formation of crystals from a solution of sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 58-62.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including sugar,
starch, or carbohydrates.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 245.1 for
non-coating crystallizer apparatus having means for only a
physical reaction not provided for elsewhere and subclasses
129+ for non-coating crystallizer apparatus providing means
for a chemical reaction not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
16
Evaporating apparatus peculiarly designed to effect or
control the evaporation to crystallization of sugar
solutions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, appropriate subclasses, for
concentrating apparatus generally.
Subclass:
17
Apparatus peculiarly designed for the treatment of sugar
crystals.
Subclass:
18
Apparatus comprising a mold provided with means to effect the
removal of adhering liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for vessels peculiarly designed to permit or promote
crystallization of sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 113 for mold with foraminous
liner, and 141 for mold having auxiliary port.
Subclass:
19
The molds are mounted on a centrifugal apparatus and provided
with outlets to permit the discharge by centrifugal force of
the purging liquor or of the liquor adhering to the
crystals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 360.1 for
centrifugal filters or strainers.
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate
subclasses, for apparatus for breaking up a mixture of fluids
or fluent substances into two or more components by
centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member.
Subclass:
20
Apparatus peculiarly designed to free sugar crystals of
impurities by draining or washing without destroying the
crystals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclasses 104+ for presses, not elsewhere
provided for, having drain means for expressed liquids.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 348+ for
apparatus to separate liquid and solid by filtration or
draining.
Subclass:
21
Apparatus comprising a mixing device and peculiarly designed
to dry or size the sugar grains after they are formed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses, for the drying process or apparatus
subcombination.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for comminuting apparatus.
Subclass:
22
Apparatus peculiarly adapted to liquefying crystalline sugars
whether by heating or dissolving.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses
310+ for dissolvers and mixers for discharging the solution
or mixture through a terminal nozzle element.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 256+
and 261+ for leaching, dissolving, and extracting apparatus.
Subclass:
23
Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation or
purification of starch or the treatment of pure starch.
Subclass:
24
Apparatus peculiarly designed for the separation of starch
from starch-bearing raw material or for the treatment and
purification of starch-containing substances.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for separating and
purifying grain.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for grain comminutors.
Subclass:
25
Apparatus designed particularly for the bolting or washing of
starch-bearing material to separate impurities, as the hulls
and chaff of the grain, from the starch or starch liquor.
Subclass:
26
Apparatus comprising an inclined plane or a run adapted to
receive the starch deposited thereon from the starch liquor
as it flows there-over.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting, Solids, subclass
458, and indented subclasses, for stationary troughs and
tables.
Subclass:
27
Vessels particularly designed for permitting or promoting the
separation by gravity of starch from liquid or solid
impurities.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for vessels adapted to separate solid impurities from
sugar solutions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 294+ for
a decanter and filter combination, subclasses 322+ for plural
distinct decanters, and subclasses 513+ for a gravitational
separator.
Subclass:
28
Apparatus peculiarly designed to cook or cook and prepare
starch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for hydrolyzing apparatus.
Subclass:
29
Sugars, starches, dextrines, and miscellaneous carbohydrates,
not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder,
together with processes peculiarly directed to their
production.
(1) Note. Processes when claimed or disclosed as having a
more general character than the production of a special
product are cross-referenced into the process subclasses
below.
(2) Note. For electrical or wave energy methods for the
preparation of sugars, starches, and carbohydrates involving
chemical reactions other than those which result merely from
the thermal effects of the electrical or wave energy, see
Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used
Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
especially subclass 697 for electrolytic treatment of sugar
and Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
especially subclasses 450+ for electrophoretic and
electro-osmotic processes (e.g., separation of sugars,
starches, and carbohydrates, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 31, 32, and 33, see also subclass 71 for processes of
treating starch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses, particularly subclass 5, 31.24, 31.26, 31.68,
31.94, 123.12, 124.51, 124.61, 124.81, 125.1+, 135.1+, and
162.1+, 617, 674, 687, 726, 729+, 779+, 804+, for
carbohydrate containing coating or plastic compositions.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes Compositions, and
Products, subclasses 70+ especially 103, and 213+ for
edible products containing sugars, carbohydrates, admixed
with other substances.
536, Organic Compounds, subclass 1.11 and indented
subclasses for carbohydrate derivatives which are not
carbohydrates.
Subclass:
30
Pure sugar products and processes peculiar to their
manufacture. Includes mixtures of pure sugars.
Subclass:
31
Milk sugar and processes peculiar to its manufacture.
Subclass:
32
Starches which have been chemically modified or incipiently
hydrolyzed either by the action of added reagents or by
cooking or special heat treatments, but which still give a
blue or violet reaction with iodine, and processes of making
them.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 and indented subclasses, for hydrolysis of starch where
it is carried to a point where the blue or violet reaction
with iodine is no longer obtained.
Subclass:
33
Starches which have been chemically modified or hydrolyzed by
the action of added reagents, but which give a blue or violet
reacton with iodine and processes of making them.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclass
145.1, 162.51, 162.81, and 206.1+, for starch containing
coating or plastic compositions.
Subclass:
34
Processes peculiar to the extraction, purification, and
treatment of carbohydrates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 1+ for
the chemical extraction or purification of cellulose fiber.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for synthetic manufacture
of carbohydrates and for molecular rearrangement of one
carbohydrate to form another.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 277+ for purification or separation of cellulose
and subclass 276 for purifying or separating dextrine by
processes that include fermentations.
Subclass:
36
Designed to include processes broadly for the hydrolysis of
carbohydrates by nonbiochemical methods where the process
either stops with such hydrolysis or is combined with steps
of purification concentration, or crystallization of the
sugar or sugar solution thereby produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for apparatus for hydrolysis, and subclasses 32 and 33,
for partial hydrolysis directed to making modified starch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
93 for diastatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, and subclasses
98-105 for other fermentative hydrolysis of carbohydrates.
Subclass:
37
Processes directed toward the manufacture of sugar products
from cellulose or cellulose-containing substances by
hydrolysis of the cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 41.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 1+ for
the chemical extraction or purification of cellulose fiber.
Subclass:
38
Processes directed toward the manufacture of conversion
products from starch or starch-bearing substances by
hydrolysis of the starch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 33.
Subclass:
39
The starch is separated from the other constituents of the
amylaceous material before hydrolysis. The resulting sugar
may be purified.
(1) Note. Actual separation of the starch is effected, not
merely preliminary treatments, as mashing or disrupting
cells.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses.
Subclass:
40
The amylaceous material is treated for hydrolysis without
purification or separation of the starch, and the resulting
sacchariferous product is purified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 39, 42, and indented subclasses for sugar purification.
Subclass:
41
Processes directed toward the manufacture of invert sugar by
the inversion or hydrolysis of sucrose.
Subclass:
42
Processes peculiar to the treatment of sacchariferous
material and to the extraction, purification, and
crystallization of sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
276 for purifying or separating sugars by processes that
include fermentations.
Subclass:
43
Processes peculiar to the separation or lixiviation of sugar
from solid material, as plants.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclasses 35+ for methods of pressing, not
elsewhere classified, and particularly subclass 37 for such
methods involving the separation of expressed liquid from the
material compacted.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 255+
for leaching apparatus.
Subclass:
44
A chemical reagent is present during the separation or
lixiviation.
Subclass:
45
The solid material under treatment and the leaching or
lixiviating liquid are moved in opposite directions.
Subclass:
46.1
Treatment of sacchariferous solutions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes for
treating sugar solutions for purification or
crystallization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for the hydrolysis of starch to sugar and purifying sugar
solutions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, especially
subclasses 450+ for electrophoretic and electro-osmotic
processes (e.g., separation of sugars, starches, and
carbohydrates, etc.).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, especially subclass
697 for electrolytic treatment of sugar.
Subclass:
46.2
Involving ion manipulation, e.g., ion exchange, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes
involving use of ion exchange material or other ion
manipulation material to treat the solution.
Subclass:
46.3
For ion exclusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.2. Processes
wherein the material functions to hold back the sugars and
passes ionic species.
Subclass:
47
The sucrose is precipitated from the solution in chemical
combination, e.g., saccharate.
Subclass:
48
Processes peculiar to the precipitation of impurities from
solutions containing sugars. Precipitation may be effected by
heat or by added reagents provided a rearrangement of
molecules is effected.
Subclass:
49
The precipitation of the impurities is effected by the
addition of an absorbent for impurities, the absorbent being
impregnated with the precipitating reagent.
Subclass:
50
The impurities are precipitated by the addition of a reagent
to a solution previously treated with an alkali or with a
reagent having an alkaline reaction.
Subclass:
51
The precipitation of impurities is effected by the addition
of a precipitating reagent to a solution previously treated
with an acid or with a reagent having an acid reaction.
Subclass:
52
The precipitation of impurities involves the addition of a
reagent in gaseous form.
Subclass:
53
Processes directed to the separation of impurities from sugar
solutions by mechanical processes.
Subclass:
54
The separation of impurities from the sugar solution is
effected by differential diffusion through a permeable
membrane or partition.
(1) Note. When the membrane is the cellular plant structure.
Search this class, subclass 43, and indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 518+
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic barrier separation
(e.g., electrodialysis of sugars, starches, or carbohydrates,
etc.).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for electrolytic treatment involving the use of a membrane,
especially subclass 697 for electrolytic treatment of
sugar.
Subclass:
55
Filtering or sorption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Processes for
separating impurities from solutions by filtration or
selective sorption, or both, which are peculiar to sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclasses 518+
for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic barrier separation
(e.g., electrodialysis of sugars, starches, or carbohydrates,
etc.).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for electrolytic treatment involving the use of a membrane,
especially subclass 697 for electrolytic treatment of
sugar.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 660+ for
a process of purification by ion exchange or sorption,
subclasses 702+ for a purification process including
precipitation, and subclasses 767+ for a purification process
including separating, especially subclasses 781+ and 787+ for
centrifugal extraction.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or
Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst or
sorbent, per se.
Subclass:
56
Processes peculiar to the separation of impurities from sugar
solutions of greater or less specific gravity than the
impurities by centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 781+ and
787+ for a purification process comprising centrifugal
extraction.
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, subclass 37
for a process for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent
substances into two or more components by centrifuging within
a generally solid-walled, receptacle like member.
Subclass:
57
Processes peculiar to the separation of impurities from sugar
solutions of greater or less specific gravity than the
impurities by the action of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 27 and 69.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
appropriate subclasses indented under subclass 155.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 800+ for
a purification process involving gravitational force.
Subclass:
58
Processes peculiar to the treatment of sugar solutions to
effect crystallization or solidification of the contained
sugars.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 295 and indented
subclasses for crystallization of inorganic chemicals.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth
Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes and
non-coating apparatus for growing therein-defined
single-crystal of all types of materials, including sugar,
starch, or carbohydrates.
532, through 570 Series of Classes, Organic Compounds,
appropriate subclasses for the crystallization of a specific
organic compound.
Subclass:
59
Processes directed to the crystallization of sugar in molds.
Subclass:
60
Sugar crystallizing processes in which the crystallization is
promoted or controlled by the addition to the solution under
treatment of crystals from another solution.
Subclass:
61
Processes in which the crystallization of the sugar is
effected or promoted by the concentration of the sugar in
solution by evaporation.
Subclass:
62
Processes directed to the systematic treatment of sugar
solutions to effect crystallization by evaporation in which a
product separated at an intermediate stage of the process is
returned into the process at either an earlier or a later
stage.
Subclass:
63
Processes peculiar to the treatment of crystallized sugar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 and 16.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclasses 295+ for
processes of crystallizing in general.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses indented under subclass 233 for sifting
apparatus.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate process subclasses, for processes of comminuting
sugar.
Subclass:
64
Processes peculiar to the freeing of sugar crystals of
impurities or adhering liquid or to the bleaching of sugar
crystals.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 17+
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclasses 781+ and
787+ for a purification process comprising centrifugal
extraction, and subclasses 360.1+ for centrifugal
extractors.
Subclass:
65
Processes peculiar to the treatment of amylaceous material
and to the extraction, purification, and preparation of
starch.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
275 for purifying or separating starch by processes that
include fermentations.
Subclass:
66
Processes peculiar to the extraction of starch from plant
roots or tubers.
Subclass:
67
Processes peculiar to the treatment of material having starch
as one of its constituents and designed to effect or to
expedite the extraction of the starch. The material treated
may be the plant itself or grain or may be an intermediate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses
6+ for processes involving comminution of grain and the
like.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, especially 288, and 482+,
for processes of removing husks from grain.
Subclass:
68
Processes involving the cooking or softening of grain or
amylaceous plant material by liquid or steam treatment. The
liquid may or may not contain an added chemical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, especially 506+ for
processes involving the treatment of an edible material with
an aqueous material.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
435 for processes that include steeping seeds or grain.
Subclass:
69
Processes peculiar to the treatment of liquids containing
starch or starchy matter for the recovery or purification of
the starch.
Subclass:
70
The treatment of the starch containing liquid involves the
addition of a chemical or involves some chemical action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
42 and indented subclasses, for purification and treatment
of sugar solutions.
Subclass:
71
Processes peculiar to the treatment of starch which fall
short of chemical modification.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 and 33, for modified starches and processes of making,
including cooking, and 36, and indented subclasses for
treatments of starch for conversion to nonstarch products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000