U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 123
INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
Class Definition:
This class contains inventions relating to prime movers or
engines in which a combustible material is burned within an
inclosed space or chamber and the heat energy thus developed
converted into work by permitting the resulting products of
combustion to act upon and through mechanical powers, the
engine in question including suitable mechanism whereby the
functions above enumerated are continually and automatically
carried out, and such engine being designed to communicate
power to some machine or device exterior to itself.
The space or combustion chamber above referred to is
ordinarily the interior of the working cylinder of the
engine, the products of combustion acting immediately upon a
reciprocating, rotating, or oscillating piston moving within
the same chamber in which combustion takes place or in an
extension thereof. Some types of internal-combustion engines,
however, besides fulfilling the conditions above mentioned,
have a transfer valve operated by and in unison therewith
located between the combustion chamber and the elements upon
and through which the products of combustion act to thereby
control the flow of said products, in which case the above
mentioned transfer valve is operated to establish
communication between the combustion chamber and the working
cylinder at the instant of ignition or prior thereto, so that
the piston is driven by burning products of combustion.
The working fluid is ordinarily such as results from
combustion alone; but in some of the engines in this class a
small quantity of water is supplied to the engine, generally
by injecting it directly into the interior of the combustion-
chamber during or after the combustion of the combustible
material; but in all engines using water the amount used is
comparatively small, so that the resulting steam is
necessarily in a superheated condition.
This class also includes separate parts of engines coming
within the above definition and also subordinate elements
designed for use with such engines, and incapable of use in
the manner contemplated with other devices or in other
relations.
From the above it will be seen that devices go into this
class because of a function performed by a given element or
combination of elements rather than because of any particular
structure of such elements, and therefore, given structural
features forming a machine adapted for use as an
internal-combustion engine, may be found in any other classes
having machines of like general structure. Thus probably any
given structure adapted for use as an internal-combustion
engine could generally with slight modification be used as
steam or other heat engine, and often as an air, gas, or
water pump, a hydraulic motor, a meter, etc. This would not
ordinarily be the case with the subordinate or auxiliary
devices included in this class, as from what appears above
such subordinate elements as the class contains are adapted
for use in the manner contemplated only with or forming a
part of an internal-combustion engine.
It therefore follows that a search for a given general
mechanical structure adapted for use as an
internal-combustion engine will generally need to be
continued in the classes above indicated.
Further fields of search for the various subordinate elements
designed for and adapted to be used only with
internal-combustion engines, and therefore included in this
class, are indicated in the definitions hereinafter appearing
of those various subclasses.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A compilation of all types of motors will be found in the
Notes to the class definition of Class 60.
The following examples of terminology have been considered to
be a nominal inclusion of an internal combustion engine and
if so claimed would not preclude classification in Class
417:
(a) a cam driven pump; (b) a "crank (shaft)" driven pump; (c)
a "gear" driven pump; (d) a "chain" driven pump; (e) a "belt"
driven pump; (f) a "fluid" driven pump; (g) an "electrically"
driven pump; (h) a pump and an "outlet" "tube" and
"injector".
The following pump control parameters are separately
appropriate for Class 417. Control by both of these
parameters is appropriate for Class 123;
(a) engine speed control; (b) manifold vacuum.
The following examples have been considered to be significant
inclusion of an engine and if so claimed would cause
classification in Class 123 if otherwise appropriate.
(a) timing of the pump relative to the engine; (b) engine
temperature control of the pump.
(1) Note. When the pump-engine combination is claimed
broadly, it is properly classified in Class 123. When the
output of the pump is not delivered to the engine,
classification is proper in Class 417.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 198.8 for a
method of making a fuel gas from methane using an internal
combustion engine.
60, Power Plants, 39.6, for engines of the
external-combustion type.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses. Class
123 takes an expansible chamber device or element thereof
which is limited for use in an internal combustion engine.
However, since Class 123, has not been cleared, many
expansible chamber devices which are not limited for use in
an internal combustion engine will be found in Class 123,
without any stated line or perceptible distinction with the
subject matter found in Class 92.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 45, for devices utilizing an
explosive jet to propel a vessel through the water.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps, per se, which
may be disclosed as internal-combustion engine accessories
and particularly subclass 34 for an internal-combustion
engine driving a pump and having means for controlling the
engine in response to a condition of the pump or pump fluid,
subclasses 73+ for pumps in which one fluid is pumped by the
ignition of another in direct contact therewith; subclass
364, for pumps driven by an internal-combustion engine; and
subclass 380, for fluid motor driven pumps in which the
motive fluid for the fluid motor is generated by an
internal-combustion engine. Internal-combustion engine driven
pumps are classified in Class 417 even though the pump may be
solely disclosed as a mere accessory of or ancillary to the
operation of the engine (e.g., cooling fluid pump, fuel pump,
etc.). However, this class (123) takes those
internal-combustion engine driven accessory pumps when the
claims reflect a fluid connection between the pump and the
engine, provided there is no additional pump fluid inlet or
outlet claimed for supplying or exhausting fluid for use
external of the engine.
477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine
Control, for interrelated controls between an engine and a
transmission, clutch, or brake.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
appropriate subclasses wherein the waste is destroyed by
burning it in an internal - combustion engine. Also, see
cross-reference art collection, subclass 900, for apparatus
used to treat hazardous or toxic waste.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
Internal combustion engines not coming within the terms of
the definition of some one of the following
internal-combustion engine subclasses. This subclass contains
patents relating to cycles or modes of operation not
hereinafter provided for or in which the cycle or mode of
operation is not definitely determined by the structure
disclosed and will not ordinarily contain patents relating to
definite mechanical structure.
(1) Note. Given mechanical structures not provided for in
structural subclasses, but operating upon a definite and
determined cycle of operation provided for in this
classification, are classified in miscellaneous functional or
cycle subclasses, such as 65, and subclasses indented
thereunder, and 311+, and indented subclasses, etc.
(2) Note. The use of unconventional fuels as found in this
subclass are commonly hazardous and toxic waste and their
destruction or containment is found in Class 588, Hazardous
or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment.
Subclass:
2
Combinations not coming within the terms of the following
subclasses of combined devices in which an
internal-combustion engine, is disclosed and claimed in
combination with some other device not in itself classifiable
in some appropriate subclass of internal-combustion engines
and which combined device itself is not treated as a unitary
machine in the general system of Office classification and as
such classified in some appropriate class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, for the combination of
internal combustion engines and dynamoelectric machines.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, subclass 5
for an horological device acted upon by an internal
combustion engine.
Subclass:
3
Combinations of an internal-combustion engine together with
means for generating and supplying a combustible mixture
thereto, the engine and generating apparatus being ordinarily
capable of separation, but disclosed and claimed in
combination, and the elements collectively forming a complete
plant for developing and applying power. In the power plants
occurring herein the various elements constituting the
generating portion of the plant are of ordinary or commercial
form and if presented by themselves would be classified in
other classes or subclasses. Patents covering the engine and
generating device together are classified in the class of
internal-combustion engines, because all the elements of the
plant are so correlated as to develop and apply power by
means including an internal combustion engine.
(1) Note. The devices occurring in this subclass differ from
many of the engines in subclasses of oil engines in that in
an oil-engine the source of power is always a liquid
hydrocarbon and the elements concerned with the vaporization
of the oil and those constituting the engine are so designed
with reference to each other as to form a single unitary
machine incapable of being separated into its component sets
of elements without defeating the operation of the engine as
a whole in the manner contemplated.
Subclass:
18
Internal-combustion engines irrespective of cycle or mode of
operation, comprising a stationary inclosing casing, sections
of which perpendicular to its axis are bounded by circular
arcs concentric to said axis, and a movable member or piston
therein moving in contact with the inner walls of the said
casing, said piston partaking of an oscillating or swinging
motion about the axis of the casing and, together with the
walls thereof, inclosing a space or chamber within which the
burned gases act expansively to impel the piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 223 and 339+
for cyclically operable expansible chamber motors of the
oscillating piston type.
Subclass:
19
Internal-combustion engines in which a body of liquid is
interposed between the burned gases and the working piston or
equivalent element, whereby power is communicated to the main
driving-shaft of the engine, the said liquid preventing the
burned gases within the combustion-chamber and working
cylinder from coming into direct contact with the working
piston or equivalent element.
Subclass:
21
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston-reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, in which means are provided whereby the
mode of operation of the engine may be determined and the
engine caused to operate upon either a two-stroke or a
four-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
22
Engines including in their structure elements normally found
only in hot-air engines and other elements normally found
only in internal-combustion engines and having steps in their
cycle of operation peculiar to both such types of engines.
This subclass includes engines including elements selected
from both the above-mentioned types and convertible either at
will or automatically, as by a suitable governing device, so
as to operate either as hot-air or as internal-combustion
engines, and engines operating upon a predetermined cycle,
including working strokes, upon which the piston is impelled
alternately by gases heated within the working cylinder by
combustion, as in internal-combustion engines, and by gases
heated within the working cylinder by contact with the inner
surface of said working cylinder and the clearance-space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 and 68.
Subclass:
23
Internal-combustion engines in which a solid nonexplosive
fuel or combustible is introduced into and burned within the
working cylinder of an internal-combustion engine or into a
combustion-chamber in permanently open communication
therewith and the energy of the resulting gases converted
into work by permitting them to expand and act upon a piston
moving in the said cylinder. The solid fuel may be introduced
into the working cylinder upon each successive cycle of
operation of the engine and in quantities sufficient only to
supply the energy required for the successive working strokes
of the engine, or it may be introduced at comparatively long
intervals of time and in quantities sufficient to furnish
energy for several working strokes, in which case air only is
supplied upon the successive cycles of operation to consume
portions of the charge of fuel already within the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 and 445+, for feeding mechanism available generally for
the purpose of supplying solid fuel to engines of the type
occurring in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 39.461, for combustion motors
other than internal-combustion engines operable on solid
nonexplosive fuel.
Subclass:
24
Internal-combustion engines in which a charge of gun powder
or other explosive substances is supplied to and exploded
within the cylinder of the engine or combustion-chamber in
communication therewith and the energy of the resulting gases
converted into work by permitting them to act upon a moving
part of the engine. This subclass is intended to include all
engines using an explosive substance as above, irrespective
of other structural features, cycle, or mode of operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 and 445+, for feeding mechanism available, generally for
the purpose of supplying the explosive substance to engines
of the type occurring in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion actuated
expansible chamber type motors, and subclass 39.47 for
combustion products generators combined with motors, other
than internal-combustion engines, which operate on solid fuel
containing an oxidizer.
Subclass:
25
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
the combustible mixture supplied to and burned within the
working cylinder contains a quantity of aqueous vapor or in
which water in any form is supplied to the working cylinder
after a charge has been ignited therein. The water may be
supplied to the air and hydrocarbon before the charge is
ignited in which case the combustible charge is made up of
air, hydrocarbon, and aqueous vapor, or a combustible mixture
of air and hydrocarbon may be ignited in the working
cylinder, the water being supplied to the expanding gases
therein during the working stroke. In cases where water in
the form of steam is supplied to the combustible mixture, as
above, the steam is frequently generated by means of heat
ordinarily lost in the operation of the engine, as by the
heat of the exhaust-gases, or the cooling-jacket may be
utilized as a steam-generator to supply water to the
combustible charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.22 for similar devices designed primarily to reduce the
pressure of the cooling system and thus reduce the boiling
point of the liquid coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 39.05 and 39.54 for a motor
operated by externally generated combustion products in which
water or steam is introduced into the power cylinder; and
subclass 712 for an engine operated selectively or
simultaneously by internal combustion of fuel and by
expansion of motive fluid.
Subclass:
26
Internal-combustion engines in which a combustible mixture is
ignited in the working cylinder at the beginning of the
working stroke, as in the ordinary operation of
internal-combustion engine, after which and at some time
before the end of the working stroke an additional quantity
of compressed air or equivalent non-combustible gas is
supplied to the working cylinder and mingles with the burned
gases therein, the piston being impelled through the
remaining portion of its working stroke by the combined
action of the burned gases and the air supplied thereto.
Subclass:
27
Internal-combustion engines in which air or equivalent
noncombustible gas is supplied to the working cylinder and
compressed therein by a distinct compression-stroke of the
working piston to such a degree that the temperature of the
gas rises to such a point that a combustible supplied thereto
will be ignited by the highly- compressed noncombustible gas
upon coming into contact therewith, after which and after the
beginning of the working stroke a combustible upon being
supplied to the body of the compressed noncombustible gas
ignited as it comes into contact therewith and burns at
constant pressure or perhaps constant temperature. The cycle
upon which the engines occurring in this subclass operate, is
sometimes designated by text-writers as the "Diesel" cycle.
(1) Note. For engines in which gas is burned at constant
pressure, see this class, subclasses 61 and 68.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
495 for with Fuel Pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclass 86, 87, 88+, 95, 96, and
533.2+ for nozzles disclosed for injecting fuel into
combustion chambers of internal combustion engines.
Subclass:
-2
Oil-Engines:
The "oil-engine" subclasses contain internal-combustion
engines, having a cylinder and a working piston reciprocating
therein, but irrespective of other structural features,
cycle, or mode of operation, which are designed to be
operated by a liquid hydrocarbon and in which the means
concerned with the supply and vaporization of the oil so
closely associated with the elements constituting the engine
that a true combination would appear to exist between the two
sets of elements. A given mechanism including an engine and
means for supplying oil thereto to be burned therein is not
classified as an oil-engine merely because it is designed to
use oil as a source of power if the means whereby the oil or
vapor is supplied to the engine is capable of separation
therefrom and of use with other engines without affecting the
operation of either the engine or the oil-supplying devices.
A given structure will be classified in these subclasses only
in cases where mechanical separation of the elements
concerned with the supply or vaporization of the oil from the
elements constituting the engine is impossible without
defeating the operation of the device as a whole in the
manner contemplated by the inventor, and a simple pipe or
equivalent connection through which the exhaust-gases from
the engine are conducted to the oil-supplying or vaporizing
device to heat the same is not considered as bringing the two
sets of elements into such intimate association as to make
the whole mechanism a single device and as such classifiable
as an oil-engine. From these considerations it therefore
ordinarily follows that patents disclosing both an engine and
a device for supplying it with oil or vapor therefrom and
which do not come within the terms of the above definition,
and are therefore not classifiable in oil-engine subclasses,
are classified and cross-referenced according to the separate
groups of elements entering into and forming the complete
device, the oil-supplying or vaporizing device ordinarily
going into appropriate subclasses of Charge-forming devices
and the engine into appropriate subclasses in this class,
according to its form, mode or operation, of other
distinguishing features.
Subclass:
37
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
two or more separate and distinct charges of combustible
mixture are burned and act in succession upon the working
piston during each working stroke thereof, each charge after
the first upon ignition entering the cylinder and mingling
with and tending to increase the pressure of the burned gases
already therein.
Subclass:
38
Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type wherein
the working piston is permanently connected with the main
driving-shaft of the engine in which a combustible mixture is
burned within the working cylinder thereof and the resulting
gases cooled and condensed, thereby producing a more or less
perfect vacuum within the said working cylinder, whereupon
atmospheric pressure acts upon the said working piston to
move it through a working stroke. The pressure of the
atmosphere may be the only force acting upon the working
piston, or the engine may be so designed that the combustible
gases upon being ignited generate pressure which also acts
upon the said working piston.
Subclass:
39
Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type, but
irrespective of other structural features, in which the
combustible mixture is ignited in the working cylinder at or
substantially at atmospheric pressure. The combustible
mixture ordinarily begins to enter the working cylinder at
the beginning of the working stroke in which case it is
ignited at atmospheric pressure, as above, after a definite
portion of the working stroke has been performed and the
whole charge supplied, the engine thus working upon a
two-stroke cycle without compression. The charge may,
however, be drawn into the working cylinder by a distinct
charging stroke, such stroke being followed by a stroke
corresponding with the compression-stroke in four cycle
engines during which the exhaust-valve is held open and the
charge then ignited under atmospheric pressure at the
beginning of the third or working stroke, in which case the
engine works upon a four-stroke cycle without compression.
(1) Note. Engines in this subclass working on the two stroke
cycle without compression, as above, differ from the majority
of the engines occurring in subclass 68, and engines working
upon a similar cycle occurring in subclass 61, only in the
degree of pressure under which the charge exists before the
ignition thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38
Subclass:
41
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
means are provided for causing the engine to run in either
direction at the will of the operator and subordinate
mechanism for accomplishing the same result, but not
disclosed in connection with all the elements necessary to
form a complete and operative engine.
(1) Note. In this connection it should be observed that
engines working upon a two-stroke cycle are frequently
capable of operating in either direction without addition to
or change in the elements necessary to the operation thereof,
and this especially true of the engines in subclasses 71, 73
and 74.
Subclass:
41.01
Such miscellaneous devices for cooling the working cylinder,
piston, piston-rod, or other element of an
internal-combustion engine as do not come within the terms of
the definition of some one of the following subclasses of
internal-combustion engines, cooling, and accessary devices
designed for and used with cooling systems for
internal-combustion engines and not classified in some
appropriate cooling subclass.
(1) Note. The expressions "primary coolant" and "secondary
coolant", found in the definitions of the indented
subclasses, refer, respectively to a fluid employed to cool
an engine surface by direct contact therewith and to a fluid
employed to cool such contacting fluid. For example, the
liquid which flows through a radiator for an
internal-combustion engine is the primary coolant, whereas
the air passing through the radiator to cool the liquid
coolant is a secondary coolant.
(2) Note. Class 165 will receive the combination of an
internal-combustion engine and radiator when the
internal-combustion engine is included by name only.
(3) Note. For structures including shutters for controlling
the air flow, which devices do not include significant
internal-combustion engine structure, search Classes 49, 180,
236, and 454.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 39.83 for cooling of parts of an
engine of the internal combustion type; subclasses 597+ for a
fluid motor driven by the waste heat of an internal
combustion engine; subclasses 320+ for an internal combustion
engine having a cooled exhaust or in which the exhaust is
used as a heat source and subclass 714 for plural motors with
a common cooling means.
165, Heat Exchange, 41 for a heat exchanger installed on a
vehicle, and subclasses 51+ for a heat exchanger installed on
an engine.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 68.4 and 68.6 for motor
vehicle combinations including radiator mountings; and
subclasses 68.1+ for hoods and such combinations including
shutters. See (3) Note.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, 34 for
automatic radiator cooling. See (3) Note.
237, Heating Systems, 70, for heating system radiators, per
se.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 53, for aircraft engine cowling or
enclosure devices; see (3) Note to subclass 53 in Class 244
for the line; and subclass 57, for radiators combined with
aircraft structure.
417, Pumps, subclass 372, for an interrelated or common
cooling means for a pump and drive motor therefor.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 83, for such devices
provided with heat exchange means.
454, Ventilation, 3 for ventilating cowls and subclasses
284+ for registers. See (3) Note.
Subclass:
41.02
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Devices with
means to sense some condition, which means causes operation
of a control device for stopping, varying, or starting the
flow of either the primary or secondary coolant.
(1) Note. Control of replenishment from a reserve supply,
which may be condensate, is included.
(2) Note. The inclusion of significant engine structure or
specific engine operation is the characteristic which
distinguishes this type of device from those found in Class
236.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 351.1 for a fluid fuel
burner other than a top-accessible liquid heating vessel and
a condition responsive feature.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 457 and 468 for valves
controlled by change in the line temperature.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, 34, for
automatic coolant flow control. See (2) Note.
Subclass:
41.03
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling
systems wherein the control of the coolant flow is directly
or indirectly controlled by a device which floats on the
surface of the coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
52, for float control combined with thermal sensing means.
Subclass:
41.04
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling
systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant is air or
gas and the device for stopping, varying, or starting the
flow of the air or gas is a shutter, valve, damper,
adjustable cowl, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 74.1 for louvers interconnected for concurrent
movement.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,
appropriate subclass, for curtains, shades or screens, for
radiator protectors.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
35.2, for automatic shutter control.
454, Ventilation, 3 for ventilating cowls and subclasses
284+ for registers.
Subclass:
41.05
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in
which the shutters are controlled by a temperature responsive
device and also include an engine responsive device, e.g., an
intake or exhaust manifold pressure responsive device or an
oil pressure responsive device.
(1) Note. The engine responsive device usually acts to
automatically close the shutters upon stopping the engine and
cooperates with the thermostat to control the shutters in
response to engine temperature while the engine is in
operation.
Subclass:
41.06
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices
wherein an operator of the servo-motor (fluid, electric,
etc.) type is interposed between the condition sensing means
and the shutter, valve, damper, adjustable cowl, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
35.3, for heat responsive control of shutters including a
servo-motor within the control linkage.
Subclass:
41.07
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in
which the control of the engine carburetor throttle valve
also controls a shutter or shutters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.13 for nonautomatic interrelated throttle and coolant
flow control.
Subclass:
41.08
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling
systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant is a fluid
and the device for stopping, varying or starting the flow of
liquid is a valve.
Subclass:
41.09
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.08. Cooling
systems wherein the responsive valve interrupts the flow of
fluid coolant from the engine block to a coolant source as in
the case of a primary coolant, or from a radiator or heat
exchanger to a coolant source in case of a secondary coolant,
and directs the coolant to a bypass omitting the coolant
source.
(1) Note. The coolant source may be either an exchanger or
an external supply, as an intake from the sea.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.25 for systems in which a liquid coolant bypasses a vapor
condenser.
41.29 for bypasses for pump, radiator, etc., not
automatically controlled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
34.5, for radiator bypass valves controlled by heat
responsive means.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 88, for combinations
involving boat modification. Inclusion of hull by name only
is not sufficient to place a patent in Class 440.
Subclass:
41.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.09. Cooling
systems wherein the coolant source is a radiator or
condenser.
Subclass:
41.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Devices
wherein the primary or secondary coolant is air and the
device for stopping, varying or starting the flow of air is
an impeller or fan which is controlled by an automatic
device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, 35, for
automatic air impellers which are used to cool radiators.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 31 for an
impeller, per se, controlled by an automatic device.
Subclass:
41.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.11. Devices in
which the automatic control device is actuated in response to
temperature.
Subclass:
41.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems for controlling the flow of primary or secondary
coolant flow conjointly with the engine throttle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.07 for automatic shutter and throttle control.
Subclass:
41.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems including (1) devices or arrangements for draining
the entire cooling system or any part thereof, usually to
prevent freezing, or (2) devices for storing heat to be
returned to the system when the engine is stopped to prevent
freezing.
(1) Note. The draining devices usually include a heat
insulated tank into which the coolant is drained and stored.
(2) Note. Mere internal passages in a cooling system which
are not closed in normal operation of the system are not
considered draining devices, even though indented to allow
complete emptying of the block or other port.
(3) Note. Heat storing devices must include something in
addition to mere bulk of coolant or stopping of circulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 59 for drain valves operated in
response to a sensing of freeze conditions; subclass 107 for
drains responsive to flow stoppage; and subclasses 301+ for
hydrants combined with means to prevent freezing.
417, Pumps, subclass 434, for means for draining a pump or
pump portion.
Subclass:
41.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems having means for indicating the condition or amount
of coolant in the cooling system or any part thereof and
devices responsive to the condition or amount of cooling
fluid for preventing injury to the engine being cooled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.5 for tank, radiator, or jacket constructions which
permit rupture of easily replaced parts in case of excessive
pressure or which have compressible means or air pockets or
resilient walls to prevent damage to the system.
Subclass:
41.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cylinders,
pistons, or valves with chambers containing a confined
coolant therein which may be either a liquid, solid or gas.
(1) Note. If there is also an external flow circuit, there
is no communication between the two.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 176 for a piston
provided with an enclosed insulating space therein.
Subclass:
41.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems in which the coolant, after cooling the engine or
engine parts, discharges into the engine cylinder combustion
space or valve passages or is merely exposed to the interior
of said cylinder or valve passages.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for water injected into the cylinder during the working
stroke, which water may be derived from the cooling system.
543 for admission of heated air to the cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 310 for a motor-exhaust
combination in which the exhaust system includes liquid
contact structure and subclasses 317+ for a system in which
external fluid is mingled with exhaust gas.
Subclass:
41.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems which are capable of operating in more than one way
or of changing from the use of one coolant to another, as
air, vapor, liquid, and having means for changing the system
to adapt it to the coolant or mode of operation selected, or
having means for substituting tanks for radiators or making
other equivalent changes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.2 for vapor systems which are converted to liquid systems
or vice versa merely by adding more liquid or according to
the heat developed, without change or adjustment of the
physical structure.
Subclass:
41.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems including a vaporized liquid other than water which
is liquefied and then allowed to expand into gas, thus
removing heat directly from the engine parts or from the
engine coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.2 for aqueous vapor systems, especially subclass 41.25,
for systems in which all the circulating coolant is
vaporized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, for refrigerating systems, per se.
Subclass:
41.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems in which (1) vaporization is intended to occur, as
evidenced by the creation of vapor in the jacket, the
provision of vapor space therein or by a circulating system
requiring vapor for its operation; (2) a closed system is
provided which is claimed to be operated at pressures other
than atmospheric; (3) there is manipulation to change the
normal boiling point of the coolant in a part of the system
as by providing a vacuum or pressurizing; or (4) a condenser
is interposed in the system other than and/or in addition to
the normal passage of the liquid coolant through a heat
exchanging radiator, as (a) the radiator is vented through a
condenser, or into the circulating fluid, (b) the radiator is
modified to mix or recirculate vapors, or (c) the outlet from
the water jacket enters the radiator at the bottom.
(1) Note. Vapor type operation may occur only in the
starting and warming up period of motor operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.19 for refrigerating type coolers which involve
vaporizing a nonaqueous primary coolant.
Subclass:
41.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.2. Cooling
systems in which there is condensation of vapor in parts of
the system external to the block or cylinder jacket and
ultimate or immediate return of the condensate to the
system.
(1) Note. Condensation of vapor may be induced by passing
the vapor through a heat exchanger, either with or without
accompanying liquid, or by introducing it into a body of
liquid either in a tank or in the circulating system.
(2) Note. Circulation involves return of at least a portion
of the condensate to the block or cylinder jacket, either
directly or after a period of storage. The path is usually
circuitous, but may be a surge in and out through the same
line.
(3) Note. Condensation of vapor in a heat exchanger opening
widely and directly into the block water cavity or cylinder
jacket is considered circulation, but a mere tank at the top
of the water space or jacket is not so considered.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.51 41.53, 41.54, and 41.55, for reserve supply tanks and
for radiators combined with cooling systems.
Subclass:
41.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems in which a connection to the combustion intake or
carburetor reduces pressure in the system or a portion of it,
usually to promote circulation or reduce the boiling point of
the coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for systems in which vapor from the cooling system is
drawn into the combustion chamber to effect combustion.
41.17 for systems in which coolant escapes directly into the
combustion chamber or valve passages or is exposed thereto.
Subclass:
41.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems in which the vapor emitted from the block or jacket
or a portion of it, or the condensate resulting therefrom, is
added to or separated into a fluid circuit which does not
include the block or jacket, i.e., a secondary cooling
circuit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.55 for cooling a primary liquid coolant by a secondary
liquid coolant.
Subclass:
41.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems in which vapor and/or water flows from the top of the
block or cylinder jacket to the bottom of the radiator.
(1) Note. This usually results in the water returning to the
block or cylinder without circulating through the heat
exchanger, which is an upflow condenser.
Subclass:
41.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems in which vapor and water flow from the block or
cylinder jacket through the same or adjacent outlets and the
water is separated from the vapor and returned to the block
or cylinder without passing through the condenser for the
vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.24 for similar systems in which the vapor and water flow
from the top of the block or jacket to the bottom of the
radiator.
Subclass:
41.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems in which only vapor is emitted from the block or
cylinder jacket.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.19 for similar systems in which the vapor is nonaqueous.
Subclass:
41.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling
systems provided with an overflow vent from the
radiator-condenser which leads to a means for condensing
vapors escaping from the system through the overflow.
(1) Note. The overflow tube may lead to a heat exchanger, a
tank or reservoir or to a part of the system in which liquid
is circulating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.54 for cooling system vents.
Subclass:
41.28
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems having (1) conduits for furnishing each of a
plurality of cylinders with an individual supply of coolant
the distribution system branching either externally or
internally of the jacket, or (2) passages within the jacket
having capacities varying from cylinder to cylinder to
produce equal cooling effects on all cylinders.
(1) Note. Circulation through the head or body of the
cylinder block or jacket with apertures individual to each
cylinder for transfer of fluid between the head and body is
not included under (1) above, but is included under (2) if
the apertures vary in size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.72 for multiple cylinders having coolant circulating
jackets or block passages where individual head chambers are
supplied from the body or lower chambers through passages of
uniform size. See (1) Note.
Subclass:
41.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems in which a liquid coolant is circulated through
plural paths which have at least some portion in common and
which are diverse in character.
(1) Note. Typical examples of art are (1) bypass circuits,
whether for pump, radiator or jacket; (2) primary and
secondary liquid coolant circuits having a common portion in
which the fluids mingle; and (3) separate circuits connecting
either the pump or radiator to both the top and bottom of the
block or jacket.
(2) Note. Mere circulation from one part of a cylinder block
or jacket to another is not included, even though the
connection is external.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.09 for automatically controlled bypass for coolant.
41.2 especially subclass 41.25, for plural path coolant
circulators where vapor forming or condensing or structure
especially adapted thereto is claimed.
41.28 for plural circuits to plural cylinders which are
either interior manifolds or externally divergent or which
vary the flow to different cylinders.
41.72 for plural circuits which are developed internally of
cylinder blocks or jackets and are mere duplicates.
Subclass:
41.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems wherein air is admitted to coolant water for cooling
the water and/or for circulating the water around the cooling
system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.2 for vapor systems.
41.44 and 41.45, for other circulating systems involving a
gas other than air, such as exhaust gases.
41.48 for positively circulated gaseous secondary coolant.
Subclass:
41.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems with means for cooling such additional elements as
spark plugs, exhaust manifolds, plural manifolds for both
intake and exhaust, bearings, guides, transmissions, etc., or
means for cooling substances such as exhaust gases, etc.,
together with the cooling of (1) the cylinder, (2) piston or
(3) valves, or any combination thereof.
(1) Note. Where the claims include exhaust manifold cooling
with no detailed engine cooling, the patent belongs in Class
60, Power Plants, subclass 321, unless the exhaust gases are
diverted to the engine, in which case the patent belongs in
this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
434 and especially subclasses 543+, for inlet manifold
cooling or heating.
Subclass:
41.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.31. Cooling
systems in which the additional part that is cooled is a
spark plug.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for spark plug cooling, per se.
Subclass:
41.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.31. Cooling
systems in which the additional substance cooled is a
lubricant.
(1) Note. The passage of air through the crankcase is
considered cooling lubricant in crankcase.
(2) Note. Devices wherein the air is circulated through the
crankcase by the pumping action of the piston are also
included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.86 for crankcase ventilation, per se.
196 for lubricant cooling, per se, where the lubricating
system includes significant internal combustion engine
structure.
Subclass:
41.34
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
means in which various movable elements of the engine have
their inside surfaces, which are not exposed to combustion,
cooperating surfaces, or direct atmosphere, cooled.
(1) Note. Movable elements in this subclass and in indented
subclasses comprise pistons, cylinders, valves, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.16 for pistons and valves having a coolant sealed
therein.
41.56 for air cooled pistons which do not have a definite
fluid receiving compartment.
41.76 for valve seats and valve stem guide cooling by fluid
circulating in a jacket.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 173 for a piston
having an enclosed insulating space therein; subclass 186 for
a piston having a ported chamber therein for circulating a
heat exchange fluid; subclass 239 for a piston provided with
heat radiating rib means.
Subclass:
41.35
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.34. Cooling
means wherein the element cooled is a piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 173 for a piston
having an enclosed insulating space therein; subclass 186 for
a piston having a ported chamber therein for circulating heat
exchange fluid; subclass 239 for a piston provided with heat
radiating rib means.
Subclass:
41.36
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling
means in which the piston has attached thereto a conduit, or
the piston is shaped to include a conduit, which conduit
slides in or on a stationary or fixed conduit for delivering
coolant to or from said piston interior.
Subclass:
41.37
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling
means wherein the piston rod is hollow or has passages
therein for conducting coolant to and/or from the piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 109 for a piston having a
hollow piston rod.
Subclass:
41.38
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.37. Cooling
means wherein the hollow piston rod is pivotally or otherwise
nonrigidly connected with the piston to permit said rod to
swing.
Subclass:
41.39
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling
means wherein the piston has openings in its side wall or
cylindrical surface which usually communicate with openings
in the cylinder for the passage of a coolant to or from the
interior or side of the piston.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.78 for cylinder jackets adapted to be traversed by
sidewall type cylinder valves.
Subclass:
41.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.34. Cooling
means wherein the movable element cooled is a rotary valve.
Subclass:
41.41
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.34. Cooling
means wherein the movable element cooled is a poppet type
valve.
Subclass:
41.42
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems employing liquid coolants other than water or water
which has been treated to prevent freezing, corroding, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.16 for nonaqueous coolants sealed in cylinder valves or
pistons.
41.19 for nonaqueous coolants which are vaporized and
condensed in a refrigerating cycle.
142.5 for systems in which water is heated by external
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 71, for heat exchange compositions having
low freezing point or high boiling point, and 387+, for
anti-corrosion agents.
Subclass:
41.43
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems employing at least one tank or radiator which is
capable of linear or angular motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, 86 for a movably mounted heat exchanger
not limited to use on an internal combustion engine.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 57 for radiators which may be
movably mounted on aircraft.
Subclass:
41.44
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems having positively acting means for circulating a
liquid coolant within the engine block, through the block to
the head, or through the block and head to a radiator.
Subclass:
41.45
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.44. Cooling
systems wherein the circulating means comprise a jet or
aspirating device.
(1) Note. The jet may be liquid or gas operated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.2 particularly 41.23, for vapor type cooling systems
having a jet type condenser.
Subclass:
41.46
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.44. Cooling
systems where the device for circulating the liquid is a pump
which is operated in conjunction with an air cooling fan.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.49 for air cooling fans for liquid heat exchangers.
Subclass:
41.47
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.44. Cooling
systems wherein the liquid coolant circulating means is
driven from the engine shaft.
(1) Note. The pump may be mounted on the engine shaft or may
be on a separate shaft connected by some transmission to the
engine drive shaft.
Subclass:
41.48
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems including devices which guide, force, or direct air
over surfaces which enclose a liquid coolant or which
separate the air and liquid coolant.
Subclass:
41.49
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.48. Cooling
systems wherein the device which forces the air is of the fan
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.46 for air cooling fans operated in conjunction with a
liquid pump.
41.48 for driving impellers as means for forcing the air.
41.65 for fans which cause air to flow over air cooled
engines.
Subclass:
41.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems having a normally rigid body, as a tank, radiator or
jacket wall, constructed of yieldable material or provided
with a replaceable portion weaker than the normal wall, or
having a compressible or yieldable body within a tank,
radiator or jacket, to prevent breakage of permanent rigid
parts, particularly when the coolant freezes.
Subclass:
41.51
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems in which two or more heat dissipators and/or tanks
are included in a single circulating system so that the
coolant passes through them successively.
Subclass:
41.52
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems including a radiator or heat exchange for liquid
coolants mounted on or integral with the engine or engine
cylinder.
(1) Note. See (2) Note under subclass 41.01.
Subclass:
41.53
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.52. Cooling
systems wherein the heat exchanger or radiator is in the form
of a tank shaped like a hopper and forming an extension of
the block or cylinder jacket. The hopper or tank is
coextensive with the cylinder exchange portion of the system
or opens widely into it, and there is no other means for
dissipating heat.
Subclass:
41.54
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems having means for venting air or vapor to the
atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.27 for overflow type vents delivering fluid into a tank
or condenser.
Subclass:
41.55
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
systems including matter other than heat exchange jackets or
casings for the combustion chambers, valves, pistons or their
immediate associated parts or the heat exchange elements of
the same as fins or air passages.
(1) Note. Included are miscellaneous heat dissipators for
liquid coolants including those involving a secondary liquid
coolant, automatic devices not concerned with coolant, flow,
combinations with external power and/or heat using devices,
i.e., auxiliary power plants, filters, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for internal combustion engines in which the heat energy
imparted to the cooling medium is utilized for generating
steam for general purposes.
41.02 for automatic coolant flow control.
41.13 for interrelated coolant flow and throttle control.
41.15 for combined indicator and safety devices.
41.31 for cooling of parts in addition to cooling of
cylinders, valves and pistons.
41.44 for combined flow causing means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 204, for devices in which the heat
energy imparted to the cooling medium is utilized for warming
purposes.
Subclass:
41.56
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling
means wherein the primary coolant is air or other gaseous
fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.19 for nonaqueous vapor coolant.
41.2 for aqueous vapor coolants.
Subclass:
41.57
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Cooling
means wherein a part of the engine is cooled by a liquid,
i.e., there is a primary liquid coolant as well as a primary
air coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.3 for mixed air and water coolant.
Subclass:
41.58
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Cooling
means comprising means forming an air duct or passage for
conducting cooling air to or against the engine including
devices for controlling the flow of air through the duct or
passages.
(1) Note. These devices for the most part include shutters
mounted in or on cowling.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.04 for automatic control of shutters.
41.7 for cowlings surrounding the engine cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses,
particularly 74.1 for louvers interconnected for concurrent
movement.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 69.2, for hoods having
adjustable shutters combined therewith.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass
35.2, for automatic shutter control.
454, Ventilation, 3 for ventilating cowls and subclasses
284+ for registers.
Subclass:
41.59
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.58. Subject
matter wherein the flow of air through the duct of passage is
controlled by adjustable means at the discharge end of the
duct or passage.
Subclass:
41.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices for
cooling a multiple cylinder engine which include vanes,
baffles, conduits or the like, for dividing the flow of air
into separate streams and directing said streams to different
cylinders or portions of the cylinders of the engine.
Subclass:
41.61
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.6. Subject
matter wherein the stream dividing means comprise deflecting
baffles positioned adjacent to or attached to the cylinders
of the engine for directing air to or about each cylinder.
Subclass:
41.62
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.6. Subject
matter in which the stream dividing means comprises an air
duct or passage having discharge ports or conduits for
directing the air flow to or against different parts of the
engine.
Subclass:
41.63
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Subject
matter which includes devices for impelling cooling air over
the engine.
(1) Note. The impelling means includes fans, pumps, or like
devices but excludes cowlings, ducts, or the like which
merely direct the flow of air over the engine due to the
movement of the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.48 for means to force or direct air over a surface of a
liquid coolant.
Subclass:
41.64
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.63. Cooling
means wherein the air impelling device is a jet pump or the
like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.45 for jet pumps for impelling liquid coolants.
Subclass:
41.65
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.63. Subject
matter in which the air impelling device is a fan.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.49 for fans used to cause air to flow over radiators
and/or water cooled engines.
Subclass:
41.66
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.65. Devices in
which the air impeller is a suction fan for withdrawing air
from the engine housing.
Subclass:
41.67
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices
comprising a jacket, casing or conduit supported by or
enclosing an individual cylinder for directing the flow of
air thereover.
(1) Note. Various shaped baffles which cause the air flow to
be deflected over the cylinder heads are included in this
subclass.
(2) Note. Devices in which the heat dissipating fins
cooperate with the jacket or casing to form channels to
conduct the cooling air over the cylinder are in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.62 for conduits surrounding the cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 144 for a cylinder
for an expansible chamber device encompassed by a heat
exchange modifying space or jacket.
Subclass:
41.68
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.67. Devices in
which baffle means or cylinder fins are formed to impart a
spiral flow to the air within the jacket, casing or conduit
as it passes over the cylinder.
Subclass:
41.69
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Subject
matter which includes cylinders and/or cylinder heads
constructed with various shaped fins to increase the cooling
area of the cylinder walls.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
165, Heat Exchange, subclass 51 for heat exchange means
installed on an engine; subclasses 181+ for a tubular
structure with discrete heat transfer means; and subclass 185
for a heat transmitter, per se.
Subclass:
41.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices
which comprise air ducts or passages which surround the
engine to conduct or direct a stream of cooling air to or
against the engine.
(1) Note. These devices are usually cowling and may include
structure for supporting the air duct or cowling on the
engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 68.1 for similar structure combined
with significant vehicle features.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 53, for like structures. See (3)
Note under definition of Class 244, subclass 53.
Subclass:
41.71
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cylinder,
piston or jacket construction in which a plurality of
materials, usually of different thermal capacity, are
combined in a single element.
(1) Note. A liner or cover permanently attached is
considered a combined single element.
Subclass:
41.72
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Structures
comprising an engine part which is immediately connected with
the combustion process, as a cylinder wall or head or valve
seat jacketed, channeled or constructed to form a passage for
a confined coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.34 for coolant introduction into moving parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 83, for such devices
provided with heat exchange means.
Subclass:
41.73
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
in which all or a portion of the coolant is confined in a
channel within or adjacent jacket or coolant housing to a
point immediately adjacent the part to be cooled, where it is
released into the larger space with sufficient force to form
a current, jet or spray directed toward said port.
Subclass:
41.74
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
including a plurality of cylinders within the same jacket or
cooled by the same system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for multiple cylinder engines.
Subclass:
41.75
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Subject
matter in which the cooling head is formed with an internal
concave portion with which the jacket is coextensive.
(1) Note. This concave portion usually constitutes the
combustion space.
Subclass:
41.76
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
in which the cooling chamber is especially adapted to cool
the valve areas, i.e., passages, seats and valve stem
guides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.16 for valves and cylinder ports having coolant sealed
therein.
41.34 for means for cooling the moving parts of this area
internally.
41.4 for internal cooling of valves combined with external
cooling of valve seats or guides.
41.85 for cooling of valve seats or guides, per se.
Subclass:
41.77
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.76. Cooling
means in which the valve seats or guides support a
poppet-type valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.41 for internal cooling of poppet type valves.
Subclass:
41.78
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.76. Cooling
means in which the valve passages, etc., are located in the
side walls of the cylinders.
Subclass:
41.79
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Cooling
structures in which the jacket or cylinder walls are
constructed with channels or in such a way as to form
channels, or baffles, fins, ribs or grooves are provided
inside the coolant chamber, either to guide the coolant in
particular paths or directions, or to increase the area of
the wall exposed to the coolant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.67 for air cooled cylinders having cooling passages or
baffles.
Subclass:
41.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.79. Structures
in which the path formed for the coolant is spiral, or forms
an ascending or descending path extending around the
cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.68 for air cooled cylinders having spiral passages or
conduits.
Subclass:
41.81
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
in which a member forming the external wall or walls of a
coolant containing chamber are secured to the cylinder or
cylinder block proper, so that they are carried thereby and
have no other support or mounting means.
Subclass:
41.82
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
involving the cylinder head cooling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.76 for similar constructions involving coolant chambers
for valve seats or stem guides.
Subclass:
41.83
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures
in which the cylinder or cylinder liner is detachably
supported within the assembly in such a way as to form one
wall of the coolant chamber.
Subclass:
41.84
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.83. Structures
in which the cylinder or liner has a flange by which it is
engaged with or supported in the assembly.
Subclass:
41.85
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Structures
in which the cooling means is especially adapted to cool the
valve areas, i.e., passages, seats or valve stem guides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.76 for cooling of valve areas combined with cooling of
the cylinder or cylinder head.
Subclass:
41.86
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Engines wherein air is forced through the crankcase by some
manner other than the mere pumping effect of the engine
pistons for ventilating or removing fumes from the
crankcase.
(1) Note. Air may be forced through the crankcase by the
forward motion of the vehicle or by the fan due to the
formation of a venture or aspirating nozzle on the
crankcase.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.31 for crankcase cooling or oil cooling by confined
coolants and for crankcase ventilation combined with
cylinder, piston or valve cooling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 78 for a means to purify a
fluid to or from a portion of an expansible chamber device,
subclass 80 for a force exerting means to move fluid from a
nonworking chamber of an expansible chamber device, and
subclass 82 for a means to control the flow of fluid from a
nonworking chamber of an expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
42
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
the working cylinder partakes of an oscillatory motion about
a fixed axis as the piston reciprocates therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 176 and 210+
for expansible chamber motors of the oscillating cylinder
type.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 118 for an expansible
chamber device having an oscillating cylinder.
Subclass:
43
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
the working cylinder partakes of a continuous rotary motion
about a fixed axis as the working piston reciprocates therein
and engines including a plurality of working cylinders each
coming within the terms of this definition, the engine in
question not coming within the terms of the definition of the
subclass following this.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 176, 197 and
472+, for expansible chamber motors of the rotating cylinder
type.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 54 for an expansible chamber
device having a rotating cylinder.
Subclass:
44
Internal-combustion engines differing from those occurring in
the preceding subclass in that axial lines of the rotating
cylinders lie in a plane perpendicular to the crank-shaft of
the engine and are also radial thereto, the cylinders or
cylinder when one only is disclosed being immovable
relatively to the member by which they are carried and with
which they rotate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 491, for expansible
chamber type motors having three or more radial rotating
cylinders.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 58 for an expansible chamber
device provided with a plurality of radially disposed
rotating cylinders.
Subclass:
45
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
the working piston rotates or oscillates upon its
longitudinal axis and that of the working cylinder as it
reciprocates therein and in so doing opens and closes in
proper order the various ports necessary to supply
combustible mixture to and to permit the exhaust of the
burned gases from the engine, the periphery of the piston or
an extension thereof forming a closure for the supply and
exhaust ports when they are required to be closed.
Subclass:
46
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and one or more
reciprocating pistons therein, one at least of which pistons
is movable freely and independently of the main shaft of the
engine on the stroke of such piston immediately following the
ignition of the charge, during which stroke the energy of the
burned gases is stored and thereafter transferred to the main
shaft of the engine. Ordinarily the freely-movable piston is
the only piston employed in engines in this subclass. The
energy is ordinarily stored by forcing the piston against the
pressure of the atmosphere; and the stored energy is
ordinarily transferred to the main shaft by securing the
piston thereto by means of a suitable clutch provided with
suitable converting mechanism upon its return stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 595 for an internal combustion
type free piston device supplying motive fluid to a motor and
subclass 596 for an internal combustion type of free piston
device with a pressure fluid type starting structure.
Subclass:
47
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, the said
working piston being provided with a passage leading into the
working cylinder and controlled by a valve depending upon the
engine for its operation, said valve being concerned either
with the supply of the successive combustible charges to the
working cylinder or with the exhaust of the burned gases
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 222 for cyclically
operable, expansible chamber motors having a valved piston.
Subclass:
48
Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other
structural features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which
means are provided whereby the volume of the clearance-space
or combustion-chamber may be varied or adjusted either
manually or automatically as by a suitable governing device,
to thereby insure a proper degree of compression of the
combustible charge before ignition thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 for internal-combustion engines in which the volume of
the clearance-space is varied in unison with the
exhaust-stroke, such action being a definite step in each
cycle of operation of the engine.
Subclass:
50
Internal-combustion engines comprising a cylinder and a
piston therein, the cylinder being capable or reciprocatory
movement in a straight line relatively to the piston and the
piston being either immovable or adapted for simultaneous
movement in a direction opposite to the movement of the said
movable cylinder whereby the gases resulting from the
combustion of a combustible mixture within the cylinder as
they expand act upon the movable cylinder and transmit power
therethrough to the main driving-shaft of the engine or act
upon the movable cylinder and the piston, when it also is
movable, to transmit power through both said elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 117 for an expansible
chamber device having a moving cylinder.
Subclass:
51
Internal-combustion engines comprising two working pistons
moving simultaneously in the opposite directions in a single
cylindrical structure composed of two working cylinders
arranged tandem with a combustion-chamber between and in
permanently open communication with both said cylinders or
two working pistons moving in like manner in two
similarly-arranged cylinders whose axial lines when extended
are parallel and adjacent and which communicate with a single
combustion chamber, as above, whereby the gases resulting
from the combustion of a combustible mixture within the
combustion-chamber as they expand act with equal pressure
upon both pistons and transmit substantially equal amounts of
power through each piston to the main driving shaft of the
engine, and internal-combustion engines comprising two or
more such units as are above defined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 170 and 508+ for
multi-piston or cylinder type expansible chamber motors.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 61 for an expansible chamber
device having relatively movable working members.
Subclass:
52.1
MULTIPLE CYLINDER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Internal-combustion engine having two or more separate and
distinct cylinders and a single piston reciprocating in each
cylinder to transmit force to a load.
(1) Note. The following terms are defined as used in this
subclass and indented subclasses.
(2) Note. A "stroke" consists of a movement of the piston
away from the cylinder head or a movement toward the cylinder
head.
(3) Note. An internal-combustion engine may be defined by
the number of strokes between ignition, the most common types
are as follows:
(a) A "four-stroke" engine is one which operates as follows,
starting with the piston near "top-dead-center": (1) The
piston moves away from the head, for the "power" stroke, as
the ignited fuel expands as gases, to go to
"bottom-dead-center". (2) The piston moves toward the head
for the "exhaust" stroke in which the combustion gases are
expelled. (3) The piston again moves away from the head for
the "intake" stroke in which air is drawn into the cylinder.
(4) The piston moves toward the head for the "compression"
stroke, at the conclusion of which ignition will occur and
the cycles start over.
Note that a "four-stroke" engine makes two complete
revolutions for each power stroke.
(b) A "two-stroke" engine is one which operates as follows,
starting with the piston near "top-dead-center": (1) The
piston moves away from the head for the power stroke, with
exhaust beginning at the bottom of the stroke. (2) The piston
moves toward the head as exhaust completes, with the charge
simultaneously being transferred to the cylinder, the latter
part of the stroke serving to compress the charge, at the
conclusion of this stroke ignition will occur and the cycles
start over.
Note that a "two-stroke" engine makes one complete revolution
for each power stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 170 and 508+ for a
multi-piston or cylinder type, noninternal combustion,
expansible chamber motor.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 146 for plural unitarily
mounted cylinders or a frame therefor for an expansible
chamber device (that is not an engine).
CHARGE:
a quantity of "working fluid" intended to be ignited for a
working stroke of the "piston".
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
that volume of a "cylinder" enclosed by the "head" and the
"piston" when the piston is closest to the head.
CONNECTING ROD:
The most common link for transmitting power from a "piston"
to a "crankshaft".
CRANKSHAFT:
The most common type of "output shaft", which is journaled to
turn about a fixed axis and including an offset portion for
receiving energy from the piston.
CYLINDER:
a member having an internally facing surface of a shape
generated by a straight line rotating a fixed distance about
an axis.
HEAD:
the portion of a cylinder which closes off one end thereof.
Subclass:
52.2
Simultaneous compression, distinct pistons, restricted
communication to a single combustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least two cylinders each of
which is connected to a single combustion chamber by a
passage which is constricted to limit free flow of gasses
between at least one of the cylinders and the combustion
chamber and including means to coordinate movement of the
pistons so as to compress the charge in the single combustion
chamber.
(1) Note. One piston of the "at least two" cylinders may
move somewhat in advance of the other. There may be provision
to prevent a fresh combustible mixture separate from the
residual products of combustion from the previous charge, as
by leading the supply-conduit into one working cylinder,
while the exhaust-conduit leads from another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for an engine including multiple pistons that utilize a
single combustion chamber without restriction of flow of
combustion gases there between. The engine of that subclass
may include two oppositely moving pistons in a single
cylinder.
Subclass:
52.3
Four-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a four-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
52.4
Multiple crankshafts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.3. Multiple
cylinder engine including two output shafts, the first having
at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected to a
first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the
second output shaft having at least one crank thereon which
is drivingly connected to a second piston so as to convert
the reciprocating motion of that piston into rotary motion of
the second output shaft.
Subclass:
52.5
Two-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a two-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
52.6
Multiple crankshafts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.5. Multiple
cylinder engine including two output shafts, the first having
at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected to a
first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the
second output shaft having at least one crank thereon which
is drivingly connected to a second piston so as to convert
the reciprocating motion of that piston into rotary motion of
the second output shaft.
Subclass:
53.1
Cylinder offset from crankshaft axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a crankshaft that turns about an
axis extending generally perpendicularly to a plane passing
through the axis of at least one cylinder the piston of which
is drivingly connected thereto, wherein the cylinder axis, if
extended, would not intersect the crankshaft axis.
Subclass:
53.2
Multiple crankshafts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including two output shafts, the first having
at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected to a
first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the
second output shaft having at least one crank thereon which
is drivingly connected to a second piston so as to convert
the reciprocating motion of that piston into rotary motion of
the second output shaft.
Subclass:
53.3
Cylinders opposite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and a second
cylinder are spaced from each other by 180 deg. about the
crankshaft.
Subclass:
53.4
Two-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.3. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a two-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
53.5
Crankshaft between parallel cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the axes of two cylinders are
parallel and the axis of the crankshaft extends between the
parallel axes.
Subclass:
53.6
Cylinders having opposing heads:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein a first and a second cylinder having
axes collinear and have the combustion chamber ends of the
cylinders facing one another along their axes.
Subclass:
54.1
Cylinders radiating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a rotary output shaft that turns
about an axis intersected by and extending generally
perpendicular to the axes of the first and second cylinders,
the pistons of which are drivingly connected to the output
shaft, wherein the cylinder axes are not parallel to each
other.
(1) Note. The axes of the first and second cylinders may
intersect the rotational axis of the crankshaft at the same
or at different points along the axis of the crankshaft.
(2) Note. When viewed as a cross-section normal to the
crankshaft axis, the first and second cylinder axes intersect
at the point defining the crankshaft axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 148 for a plurality
of radially disposed cylinders for an expansible chamber
device that is not an internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
54.2
Star:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein at least three cylinders are equally
spaced about the centrally disposed rotary output shaft.
Subclass:
54.3
Cam on rotary output shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft includes a
disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which is
engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the
pistons to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons
into rotary motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
54.4
"V" type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein first and second radially extending
banks of cylinders are spaced apart by an angle of less than
180 deg..
Subclass:
54.5
Odd number of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.4. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the total number of cylinders is not
evenly divisible by two.
Subclass:
54.6
Six cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.4. Multiple
cylinder engine including six or more cylinders.
Subclass:
54.7
Eight cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.6. Multiple
cylinder including eight or more cylinders.
Subclass:
54.8
More than eight cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.7. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the total number of cylinders is an
even number greater than eight.
Subclass:
55.1
Semi-radial:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least three cylinders radially
disposed and unequally spaced about the centrally disposed,
rotary output shaft.
Subclass:
55.2
Cylinders opposite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the first and second cylinder axes
are spaced from each other 180 deg. about the crankshaft
axis.
Subclass:
55.3
Cam on rotary output shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft includes a
disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which is
engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the
pistons to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons
into rotary motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
55.4
Four-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the cylinders operate
on a four-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
55.5
Cylinders opposite and aligned:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.4. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and a second
cylinder are spaced from each other by 180 deg. about the
crankshaft and wherein the first and second cylinder axes are
collinear.
Subclass:
55.6
Two-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a two-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
55.7
Cylinders opposite and aligned:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.6. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and a second
cylinder are spaced from each other by 180 deg. about the
crankshaft and wherein the first and second cylinder axes are
collinear.
Subclass:
56.1
Having rotary output shaft parallel to cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including an elongated rotary output shaft
intended to turn about its axis, in which the cylinder axes
are parallel with the rotary output shaft axis.
(1) Note. In the engine of this subclass, the cylinder axes
are usually at equal radial distances from the axis of the
main shaft and are arranged around said shaft at equal
angular intervals.
Subclass:
56.2
Cam on rotary output shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft includes a
disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which is
engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the
pistons to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons
into rotary motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
56.3
Swash plate type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the cam comprises: (a) a disk-shaped
plate rigidly connected on an incline to the output shaft,
the pistons engage the periphery of the disk-shaped plate
with a follower linkage thereby converting reciprocating
motion of the pistons to rotary motion of the output shaft;
or (b) a disk-shaped plate journaled to an incline to the
output shaft such that the plate wobbles without rotating
about the output shaft, the pistons are linked to the
periphery of the disk-shaped plate by swivel joints so that
the reciprocating movement of the pistons produces a wobbling
motion of the disk-shaped plate turning the inclined crank
producing rotation motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
56.4
Single bank of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are oriented in the
same direction and are configured in one group equally spaced
from and encircling the output shaft.
Subclass:
56.5
Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are separated into two
groups, one on either side of the swash plate, each group is
oriented in one direction and encircles the output shaft at
equal spacing.
Subclass:
56.6
Multiple swash plate drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft includes at
least two disk-shaped plates inclined to the axis of the
output shaft and at least one piston is linked to the
periphery of each of the disk-shaped plates such that the
reciprocating motion of the pistons is converted into rotary
motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
56.7
Single bank of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are oriented in the
same direction and are configured in one group equally spaced
from and encircling the output shaft.
Subclass:
56.8
Motion converting means between two banks of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are separated into two
groups, one on either side of the swash plate, each group is
oriented in one direction and encircles the output shaft at
equal spacing.
Subclass:
56.9
Multiple cam drives:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft includes at
least two contoured disks or drums and at least one piston
linked by a follower arrangement to the contoured surface of
the cam, so that reciprocating motion of the pistons is
converted into rotary motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
57.1
Shaft rotates through piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft extends
through and is rotatable in a longitudinal bore in the
piston.
Subclass:
58.1
Cylinders in-line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a crankshaft that turns about an
axis in the same plane with the axis of first and second
cylinders, the pistons of which are drivingly connected to
the crankshaft.
Subclass:
58.2
Locked pistons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons of the first and second
cylinders are immovably secured to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 150 and 151+ for
coaxially disposed cylinders for an expansible chamber
device.
Subclass:
58.3
Two-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.2. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a two-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
58.4
Lengthwise charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including means for charging the working
cylinders, whereby the charging travels generally along the
length of the working cylinders.
Subclass:
58.5
Step piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.4. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least one piston configured with
at least two different cross sections along the piston's
length, the configured piston is received in a cylinder with
at least two different diameter bores.
Subclass:
58.6
Step piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least one piston configured with
at least two different cross sections along the piston's
length, the configured piston is received in a cylinder with
at least two different diameter bores.
Subclass:
58.7
Cylinder supercharged by pressure pulse of released exhaust
gases:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein prior to opening of a first
cylinder's exhaust port, the high pressure exhaust gases of
the first cylinder are released to push additional charge
into a second cylinder which has already inlet charged at
atmospheric pressure.
Subclass:
58.8
Exhaust to next cylinder ready to fire:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein exhaust from a first cylinder is
released into a second cylinder to combust the residual fuel
in the exhaust.
Subclass:
58.9
Oscillating or reciprocating, nonpoppet valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a valve mechanism which moves
to-and-fro excluding poppet valves.
(1) Note. A poppet valve consists of a valve member
including a rodlike portion (i.e., stem) connected to the
center of a disk-shaped portion, said valve member is
resiliently biased into sealing engagement with the rim of a
hole (i.e., the seat)
Subclass:
59.1
Rotary valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a rotating valve mechanism.
Subclass:
59.2
Tapered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the outer surface of revolution of
the rotary valve includes at least one conical segment, the
conical segment is received in a conical bore thereby sealing
the conical portion of the rotary valve.
Subclass:
59.3
Sleeve valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary valve consists of a
hollow, thin walled surface of revolution lining or in
surrounding relationship to at least a portion of a working
cylinder.
Subclass:
59.4
Disc valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the rotary valve has one or more
thin, circular member(s) with at least one flat surface
perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Subclass:
59.5
Plural carburetors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least two devices for mixing air
and fuel external to the combustion chamber.
Subclass:
59.6
Multiple crankshafts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including at least two output shafts, each
including one or more cranks, wherein the pistons are at the
working cylinder and are drivingly connected to the cranks,
thereby converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons
into rotary motion of the output shaft.
Subclass:
59.7
Two-stroke cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple
cylinder engine wherein the pistons in the working cylinders
operate on a two-stroke cycle.
Subclass:
60.1
Locked annular piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple
cylinder engine including a first piston of circular cross
section and including a second piston that is hollow and
concentric about the first piston, wherein the two pistons
are secured to each other so that they move together.
Subclass:
61
Internal-combustion engines working on a two-stroke cycle and
in which successive burned charges act upon opposite sides of
a single piston reciprocating in a single cylinder, whereby
the working piston is impelled alternately in each direction.
Includes two-cycle engines operating upon recompression and
also two-cycle engines operating upon pump-compression
cycles, both of which terms are more fully explained
hereinafter. The working cylinder in the engines in this
subclass is of simple cylindrical form, and the supply-pump
for the combustible mixture is wholly separate and distinct
from the working cylinder and is not considered in this
definition.
Subclass:
62
Internal-combustion engines working on a two stroke cycle and
in which successive combustible charges after ignition
thereof act so as to impel the working piston alternately in
each direction, the elements of the engine and of the pump
for supplying the combustible mixture thereto being all
contained within a single cylinder structure and so
intimately associated as to make mechanical separation of the
two sets of elements impossible without defeating the
operation of the engine as a whole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for combined pump and motor cylinder.
Subclass:
63
Internal-combustion engines working on the four-stroke cycle,
hereinafter defined, in which successive burned charges act
alternately upon opposite sides of a single reciprocating
piston moving in a single cylinder.
Subclass:
64
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.
Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type working
upon a modified four-stroke cycle with recompression in the
working cylinder, as defined in the definition of ..., below,
and in which air unmixed with combustible is drawn into and
expelled from the working cylinder one or more times upon
distinct suction and expelling strokes of the working piston
after the end of the exhaust-stroke and before the beginning
of the suction-stroke of the normal four-stroke cycle,
whereby a more complete removal of the burned gases, from the
working cylinder and combustion-chamber is secured.
Subclass:
65
Internal-combustion engines having a single single-acting
working cylinder and a single working piston reciprocating
therein and having suitable means for supplying a combustible
mixture thereto, such engines working on the two-stroke cycle
and not coming within the definitions of the following
subclasses of two-cycle engines. Internal-combustion engines
are said to work upon the two-stroke cycle when a combustible
mixture under pressure materially greater than atmospheric
pressure is burned and the resulting products of combustion
allowed to expand within the working cylinder upon every
second stroke of the working piston of the engine. The means
for supplying the combustible mixture to the engine
ordinarily includes a pump operated by and in unison
therewith, which pump and engine are generally inseparable
without destroying the identity of the device as a whole. In
the engines occurring in two-cycle subclasses a combustible
mixture is supplied to the working cylinder and burned
therein under pressure upon each second stroke of the working
piston, and such mixture after having been supplied to the
working cylinder at a pressure not necessarily greater than
is sufficient to insure its flow there into may be
recompressed therein by the working piston or by the working
and pump pistons acting together before ignition and the
beginning of the working stroke, which is the more ordinary
mode of operation, or the mixture may be supplied to the
working cylinder after the beginning of the working stroke
and at the maximum pressure under which it exists before
ignition, in which case it is not recompressed in the working
cylinder before ignition, but is ignited either at constant
pressure as it enters or at constant volume after the whole
charge has been supplied. Two-cycle engines coming within the
latter of the above cases are classified as two-cycle
pump-compression engines. The combustible mixture is
ordinarily supplied to the working cylinder by a pump, and in
the first of the above cases, while the charge may be
compressed to a considerable degree by the supply-pump, such
charge enters the working cylinder only against the pressure
of the atmosphere and after having entered must exist therein
at or substantially at atmospheric pressure, and the initial
compression of the charge upon which the efficiency of an
internal-combustion engine so largely depends is produced
wholly by recompression of the charge in the working cylinder
while in the second case such initial pressure is produced
wholly by the supply-pump which compresses the charge
directly to the maximum pressure at which it exists before
ignition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for double-acting two-cycle engines having a separate and
distinct supply pump.
62 for double-acting two-cycle engines in which the engine
and supply pump elements are contained within a single
cylinder structure.
Subclass:
66
Two-cycle internal-combustion engines in which separate and
distinct working and pumping pistons operate in a single
cylinder a portion of which together with the working piston,
forms a motor, while another portion of such cylinder,
together with the pumping-piston forms a pump for supplying a
fresh charge to the working cylinder. The supply-pump is
operated by and in unison with the engine, and as the
supply-pump and motor elements of the engine are all
contained in a single cylinder the two sets of elements are
necessarily inseparable without wholly defeating the
operation of the engine in the manner contemplated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
62 for combined pump and motor cylinder.
Subclass:
67
Two-cycle internal-combustion engines in which the air pumped
by a single supply-pump operated by and in unison with the
engine is separated or divided into two separate and distinct
streams, one of which passes to the working cylinder
unchanged, while the other receives a supply of hydrocarbon
on its way to the working cylinder. The stream to which no
hydrocarbon is supplied ordinarily acts to more or less
thoroughly expel the burned gases from the working cylinder
prior to the formation of a new charge therein, and the two
streams frequently reunite as they enter the working cylinder
or shortly before entry thereinto.
Subclass:
68
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Two-cycle
internal-combustion engines in which the combustible mixture,
or both the constituents thereof, is supplied to the working
cylinder under pressure materially greater than atmospheric
pressure, such supply beginning at the beginning of the
working stroke and continuing for a determinate portion
thereof, the combustible mixture being ignited either at
constant pressure as it enters the cylinder or at constant
volume after the whole charge has been supplied thereto, in
either case without recompression in the working cylinder.
The combustible mixture or the constituents thereof may be
supplied directly to the working cylinder without preliminary
storage or may be supplied to suitable reservoirs interposed
between the compressing means and the working cylinder and
within which a considerable volume of combustible mixture, or
its constituents, is stored. Engines in this subclass in
which ignition takes place after the whole charge has been
supplied to the working cylinder differ from those in ...
which work upon a two-stroke cycle, only in the degree of
compression to which the charge is subjected before ignition,
and as some of the engines in the subclass above mentioned
are provided with a supply-pump for forcing air through a
charge-forming device to the cylinder of the engine the
combustible mixture thus produced is necessarily supplied to
such engines under some pressure. However, where the
structure and operation of the device as a whole clearly
indicate that the pressure under which the charge is supplied
is so slight as to be sufficient only to insure its flow into
the working cylinder the engine is classified in subclass 39.
In engines working on the two-cycle pump-compression cycle
the whole charge properly mixed to form a combustible mixture
may be compressed by a single pump or the air and combustible
may be compressed by separate pumps to be mixed on their way
to the working cylinder or after such constituents have
entered thereinto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for double-acting engines working on the two-stroke
pump-compression cycle.
495 and 590+, for oil-engines operating upon a cycle similar
to that defined by this definition.
Subclass:
69
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
air and combustible in the gaseous form are supplied to the
working cylinder or combustion-chamber by separate and
distinct pumps, each operated by and in unison with the
engine, one at least of the constituents being recompressed
within the working cylinder before the ignition of the
combustible mixture. The air is ordinarily supplied to the
working cylinder of the engine before the gas, and such air
is frequently designed to more or less completely scavenge
the working cylinder. In such cases a part of the air thus
supplied remains in the cylinder to form with the gas
subsequently supplied thereto the next following charge. The
air and gas may, however, enter the working cylinder
simultaneously. The air and gas are ordinarily intermixed
within the working cylinder before the completion of the
compression stroke, so that the complete charge is
recompressed in the working cylinder before the ignition
thereof and the beginning of the working stroke; but this
subclass also includes engines in which one only of the
constituents of the charge is recompressed in the working
cylinder, in which case the other is supplied thereto under
pressure during the working stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 and 68, for other internal-combustion engines having
separate pumps for air and gas.
590 for oil-engines having one pump for supplying air to the
working cylinder thereof and another for supplying oil and
air, the oil being frequently atomized by the air, but not
vaporized prior to its entry into the working cylinder.
Subclass:
70
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the working cylinder and the pump for supplying a combustible
mixture thereto are located adjacent each other, axial lines
through the pump and motor cylinders being parallel and
perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft of the engine and
both lying in a plane passing through the axis of the main
shaft. In engines in this subclass the supply-pump is
inseparable from the engine and may draw both air and
hydrocarbon into the cylinder thereof upon the
suction-stroke, so that the pump operated upon the whole
charge to be supplied to the working cylinder, or the
supply-pump may draw in and discharge air only, in which case
the combustible constituent of the charge is supplied to the
air during its passage to the working cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for pump compression.
Subclass:
71
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the axes of the working and pump cylinders form a single
straight line which, if extended, would intersect the main
shaft of the engine at right angles, the cylinders abutting
and the working piston being prolonged and extended into the
pump-cylinder and enlarged therein to form the
pumping-piston, thereby forming an annular pumping-chamber
which surrounds the extension of the working piston. From the
above it follows that the working and pump pistons form a
single rigid structure. In engines in this subclass
compression of the charge prior to the ignition thereof is
effected by the joint action of the pump and motor pistons.
The arrangement above defined may be reversed, in which case
the cylinder above described as the working cylinder becomes
the cylinder of the supply-pump and the annular
pumping-chamber becomes the working chamber.
(1) Note. The supply-pump is inseparable from the engine and
ordinarily operated upon the whole charge, as in engines in
subclass 70.
Subclass:
72
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the working piston and the pump for supplying a combustible
mixture thereto are arranged at an angle to each other, axial
lines through the pump and motor cylinders being
perpendicular to the main shaft of the engine and lying in
planes inclined to each other, which pass through the said
main shaft. The axes of the pump and working cylinder also
ordinarily lie in a single plane perpendicular to the main
shaft of the engine.
(1) Note. The supply-pump is inseparable from the engine and
ordinarily operated upon the whole charge, as in engines in
subclass 70.
Subclass:
73
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines having a
cylinder closed at one end and an air-tight casing inclosing
the connecting-rod and crank and forming a closed crank-case
in open communication with the other end of the cylinder and
a piston reciprocating in the said cylinder, such piston
performing at the same time the functions of both a working
piston and a piston for the pump which supplies a fresh
charge to the engine, one end of the cylinder and the
corresponding end of the piston constituting the working
cylinder and piston, while the other or rear end of the
piston and the corresponding end of the cylinder, together
with a closed crank-case form a pump for introducing a new
charge into the working end of the cylinder. In engines in
this subclass the supply or exhaust ports, or both, are
generally formed in the cylinder-wall and are then controlled
by the piston as it reciprocates, the piston forming a
closure for such ports when it is required that they be kept
closed.
Subclass:
74
Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines having a
cylinder closed at both ends and a piston reciprocating
therein, such piston performing at the same time the
functions of both a working piston and a piston for the pump
which supplies a fresh charge to the engine, one end of the
cylinder and the corresponding end of the piston constituting
the working cylinder and piston, while the other or rear end
of the piston and the corresponding end of the cylinder form
a pump for introducing a new charge into the working end of
the cylinder. In engines in this subclass the supply or
exhaust ports, or both, are generally formed in the
cylinder-wall and are then controlled by the piston as it
reciprocates, the piston forming a closure for such ports
when it is required that they be kept closed.
Subclass:
76
Four-cycle internal combustion engines in which a volume of
air unmixed with combustible is caused to pass through the
working cylinder of the engine or the combustion-chamber
thereof at any time between the end of the working stroke and
the beginning of the next following charging stroke, whereby
to secure a more complete removal of the burned gases of the
previous charge from the cylinder and combustion-chamber, so
that the successive charges will be unmixed with residual
burned gases from a previous charge. The scavenging action
may take place before or after or be simultaneous with the
regular exhaust stroke of the engine. In the engines in this
subclass a complete charge comprising all the ingredients
necessary to form a combustible mixture enters the cylinder
upon distinct charging stroke, the air supplied for the
purpose of scavenging, not being necessary to form or
complete the following charge.
(1) Note. Engines frequently described as scavenging engines
and in which a volume of air is caused to pass through the
working cylinder and combustion-chamber for the same purpose
as in this subclass, but in which a portion of such air is
necessary to complete the following charge, are classified in
this class, subclass 69. In subclass 76, the engine begins
its suction-stroke with air in the clearance space only,
while in engines in subclass 69, the engine begins it
compression-stroke with a considerable volume of air in the
cylinder thereof, to which a combustible is supplied to
complete the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 and 69, for six-cycle two-cycle Separate Air and Gas
Pumps.
Subclass:
77
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines in which a four-stroke
cycle is carried out during a single revolution of the main
shaft of the engine. For the purposes of this definition of
continuous movement of the working piston in one direction is
considered as two strokes and the sequence of the strokes is
varied from that present in engines working on the ordinary
four-stroke cycle, the working stroke being followed by the
charging stroke as the piston moves in one direction and the
exhaust and compression strokes taking place in the order
named as the piston moves in the reverse direction.
(1) Note. For engines working on this cycle, but having two
or more working cylinders, see this class, subclass 53.
(2) Note. For other engines in which the four strokes
comprising a single cycle occur during a single revolution of
the main shaft of the engine, see this class, subclass 78.
Subclass:
78
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with means
whereby the clearance-space is varied in unison with the
movement of the working piston, being as far as practicable
eliminated at the end of the exhaust-stroke and greatest at
the end of the compression-stroke, whereby to secure a more
complete removal of the residual burned gases from the
cylinder and combustion-chamber of the engine. The
clearance-space is ordinarily varied by causing the strokes
of the working piston to vary in length, and the four strokes
required for a complete cycle are frequently performed during
a single revolution of the main shaft of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 84 for an
expansible chamber device having a resilient means interposed
between the working member and a relatively movable power
transmission element.
Subclass:
79
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines in which the
combustible charge enters the working cylinder and after
ignition and expansion the burned gases are exhausted
therefrom through a single passage controlled by a single
positively-operated poppet or equivalent valve, said common
passage being provided with means for directing the flow of
the combustible charge from a supply-conduit to the common
conduit and for directing the flow of the exhaust-gases from
such common conduit into the exhaust-conduit leading from the
engine. The directing means ordinarily comprise a valve or
valves operated either positively or by the suction and
pressure alternately existing in the common conduit, and such
means are protected from the pressure of the gases within the
cylinder by the single valve.
Subclass:
80
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with a
rotating valve for directly controlling the supply of
combustible mixture to the working cylinder or the exhaust of
burned gases therefrom and means operated by the engine for
rotating the said valve to secure the continuous and
automatic operation of the engine. The rotating valve in the
engines in this subclass ordinarily control both the supply
to and the exhaust from the engine and frequently also a
passage used in connection with a flame or incandescent
igniting device, and the valve is so designed with reference
to the particular engine with which it is used or with
reference to other elements of the engine as to be incapable
of convenient separation therefrom or of use with other
engines.
(1) Note. For rotating valves capable of general use with
internal-combustion engines, the structure of the engine or
of elements thereof other than the valve not being involved,
see this class, subclass 190.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 and 151, for flame and combined Sparker and Valve.
Subclass:
81
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with an
oscillating valve for directly controlling the supply of
combustible mixture to the working cylinder or the exhaust of
burned gases therefrom and means operated by the engine for
oscillating the said valve to secure the continuous and
automatic operation of the engine. The oscillating valve
ordinarily controls both the supply to and the exhaust from
the engine and frequently also a passage used in connection
with a flame or incandescent igniting device, and the valve
is so designed with reference to the particular engine with
which it is used or with reference to other elements of the
engine as to be incapable of convenient separation therefrom
or of use with other engines.
(1) Note. For oscillating valves capable of general use with
internal-combustion engines, the structure of the engine or
of elements thereof other than the valve not being involved,
see this class, subclass 190.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
144 for flame.
Subclass:
82
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having a rotating
shaft driven from the crank-shaft thereof and extending
parallel to the axis of the working cylinder and ordinarily
along the side of the engine, said shaft being provided with
means, generally in the form of cams, for operating in the
proper order one or more of the valves, the igniting device
or other element necessary for the continuous automatic
operation of the engine, and mechanism including a rotating
shaft located as above set forth and designed to operate the
valves or other elements of the engine, but not shown in
connection with all the elements necessary to form a complete
and operative engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for cylinders tandem.
Subclass:
83
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having a rotating
shaft driven from the crank-shaft thereof and extending
transverse to the axis of the working cylinder and clear
across the engine, said shaft being provided with means,
generally in the form of cams, for operating in the proper
order one or more of the valves, the igniting device, or
other element necessary for the continuous automatic
operation of the engine, and mechanism including a rotating
shaft located as above set forth and designed to operate the
valves or other elements of the engine, but not shown in
connection with all the elements necessary to form a complete
and operative engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for engines coming within the terms of this definition,
except that the transverse shaft does not extend clear across
the engine, the axis of such shaft lying in a plane passing
through the axis of the working cylinder.
Subclass:
84
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply and
exhaust valves thereof located adjacent and in a single
valve-chamber, the axes of such valves being parallel with
the axial line of the working cylinder and both valves being
positively operated, and reciprocating rods extending
longitudinally of the engine and operated by and in unison
therewith for operating such valves in the proper order to
secure the continuous automatic operation of the engine, and
similar arrangements of valves and operating means therefor
but not shown in connection with all the elements necessary
to form a complete and operative engine.
Subclass:
85
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply and
exhaust valves thereof arranged in alinement and in a single
valve-chamber, the common axis of such valves being parallel
with the axial line of the working cylinder, and a
reciprocating rod or rods extending longitudinally of the
engine and operated by and in unison therewith for operating
one or both such valves in the proper order to secure the
continuous automatic operation of the engine, and similar
arrangements of valves and operating means therefor, but not
shown in connection with all the elements necessary to form a
complete and operative engine.
Subclass:
86
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply and
exhaust valves thereof located in separate valve-chambers
upon opposite sides of the working cylinder, the axes of such
valves being parallel with the axial line of the working
cylinder and lying in a plane passing therethrough and
through the axis of the crank-shaft, and a reciprocating rod
or rods extending longitudinally of the engine and operated
by and in unison therewith for operating one or both of such
valves in the proper order to secure the continuous automatic
operation of the engine, and similar arrangements of valves
and operating means therefor, but not shown in connection
with all the elements necessary to form a complete and
operative engine.
Subclass:
87
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply or
exhaust valve thereof, or both, located in the cylinder head
and disposed longitudinally to the working cylinder, the
movement of such valve or valves being along a line parallel
with the axial line of the working cylinder, a lever disposed
transverse to the working cylinder and a reciprocating
operating member operated by and in unison with the engine
for operating such valve or valves in the proper order to
secure continuous operation thereof, and similar arrangements
of valves and operating means therefor, but not shown in
connection with all the elements necessary to form a complete
and operative engine.
Subclass:
88
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply or
exhaust valve thereof, or both, disposed transverse to the
working cylinder, the axis of such valve or valves lying in a
plane perpendicular to the axial line of the working
cylinder, and a lever extending longitudinally of the engine
and operated by and in unison therewith for operating the
valve or valves aforesaid in the proper order to secure the
continuous automatic operation thereof, and similar
arrangements of valves and operating means therefor, but not
shown in connection with all the elements necessary to form a
complete and operative engine.
Subclass:
89
Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply or
exhaust valve thereof, or both, disposed transverse to the
working cylinder, the axis of such valve or valves lying in a
plane perpendicular to the axial line of the working
cylinder, and a bell-crank lever operated by and in unison
with the engine for operating such valve or valves in the
proper order to secure the continuous automatic operation
thereof, and similar arrangements of valves and operating
means therefor, but not shown in connection with all the
elements necessary to form a complete and operative engine.
Subclass:
90.1
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter relating to mechanism intermediate the
crank-shaft and the poppet-type intake or exhaust valve of an
internal combustion engine for operating at least one such
valve.
(1) Note. If the mechanism operates a reciprocating valve of
a type other than a poppet valve, a body of art of such
mechanism--as well as the valve that it operates--has evolved
in subclass 188.
(2) Note. The majority of the valve operating devices of
this subclass are disclosed in connection with
four-stroke-cycle engines; however, the devices occurring
herein are not dependent upon the mode of operation of the
engine, and are ordinarily capable of operating a poppet-type
valve of an engine functioning upon a cycle of some other
number of strokes. Valve operating mechanism especially
designed for use with an engine of a particular form or mode
of operation will be found in the subclasses pertaining to
that engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for valve operating mechanism rendering the engine
reversible.
64 for valve operating mechanism peculiar to a six-cycle
engine.
65 for valve operating mechanism peculiar to a two-cycle
engine.
152 for valve operating mechanism combined with sparker
operating mechanism.
179 (particularly subclass 182), for valve operating
mechanism related to facilitating engine starting.
188 for valve operating mechanism peculiar to reciprocating
valves not of the poppet-type; see (1) Note above.
311 (particularly subclasses 79 through 89), for valve
operating mechanism peculiar to a four-cycle engine.
319 for valve operating mechanism peculiar to the regulation
of engine speed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
the actuation of valves of more general utility.
Subclass:
90.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein electrical energy provides the source of power for at
least one direction of movement of the valve.
Subclass:
90.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein a liquid under pressure provides an essential link in
the valve operating mechanism for at least one direction of
movement of the valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 12, for a valve of more
general utility which is opened or closed by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
90.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.12. Device
wherein the liquid under pressure is cyclically delivered
through a manifold by an engine-driven distributor.
Subclass:
90.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein positive or negative pressure of a gas provides the
source of power for at least one direction of movement of the
valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.32 for a pneumatically-controlled interruption in the
drive train of a valve that is not pneumatically actuated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 12, for a valve of more
general utility which is opened or closed by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
90.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means provided to vary the time, extent of duration
of valve opening relative to the operating cycle of the
engine.
(1) Note. In the art herein the timing is varied to maximize
engine efficiency, whereas in that of subclasses 319+ it is
varied for the purpose of speed regulation or braking.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, 1 for a speed responsive device
for adjusting the relative rotational position of coupled
members.
Subclass:
90.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.15. Device
wherein the means is located between a cam and the valve
actuated thereby and serves to modify the operational
relationship of the one to the other.
Subclass:
90.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.15. Device
wherein the means varies the structure or the axial
disposition of a camshaft or its cam.
Subclass:
90.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.17. Device
wherein the means provides for displacing the camshaft in the
direction of its longitudinal axis, thereby bringing a
different cam contour into play.
Subclass:
90.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided to compensate for structural
deformation in an element of the operating mechanism
occurring as a result of a change in the ambient temperature
of the element.
Subclass:
90.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means in the form of a groove, or its equivalent, in
the outer surface of a revolving drum is provided to displace
the cam follower both axially and radially of the camshaft.
(1) Note. The groove is usually in the form of two,
intersecting loops, of different effective elevations, and
the effect of the axial displacement of the follower from one
loop to the other is to impart a valve-actuating movement to
it upon every other revolution of the camshaft.
(2) Note. In a device of this nature, the crankshaft
frequently serves as the camshaft.
Subclass:
90.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided, usually in the form of lobes
perpendicular to the principal surface of a rotating disc, to
displace a cam follower in a direction parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the camshaft.
Subclass:
90.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein one actuating element (cam) operates one or more
other elements (followers, rods, rockers, etc.), in the valve
trains of two or more valves of a cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.4 for plural valves operated by a single train having a
forked or branched rocker.
Subclass:
90.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.22. Device
wherein the two or more valves control the intake and the
exhaust passages of the cylinder.
Subclass:
90.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided to mechanically drive the valve in
its closing (i.e., seating) direction of travel.
(1) Note. While correctly identified as Desmodromic
actuation, this aspect of valve operation frequently is
termed "positive closing" (as contrasted with "spring
return").
Subclass:
90.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.24. Device
wherein the driving means is the rocker that opens the
valve.
Subclass:
90.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.24. Device
wherein the driving means is a follower that is joined to the
cam in such fashion as to partake of the total range of
movement of the cam.
(1) Note. By virtue of their marked similarity,
eccentric-actuated unitary followers are included herein.
Subclass:
90.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein the shaft carrying the actuating element (cam) of the
operating mechanism is located in proximity to, and generally
somewhat above, the valve-containing head of an engine
cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for structural features of an engine cylinder.
Subclass:
90.28
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided for movement of the valve in
addition to that of opening and closing.
(1) Note. Ordinarily this movement is in the form of
rotation of the valve about the principal axis of its stem
for such purposes as random seating surface engagement, seat
cleaning, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 330, for nonvalving motion in a valve of
more general utility.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 56, for a pressure
actuated valve of more general utility having plural motions
of the valve, and subclasses 215+, for a mechanical movement
actuated valve of more general utility having plural motions
of the valve.
Subclass:
90.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.28. Device
wherein means is provided within the operating mechanism to
convert the oscillation imparted to the valve by the
compression and decompression of its return spring into
unidirectional movement (i.e., rotation).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.28 for devices generally similar to those of this
subclass but involving (e.g., by attachment thereto) an
element external to the operating mechanism.
Subclass:
90.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.28. Device
wherein means is provided within the operating mechanism to
rotate the valve.
(1) Note. A device of this subclass is often referred to as
a positive rotator, and usually comprises a self-contained,
insertable unit.
Subclass:
90.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided to drive a member (normally a
rotating shaft) carrying the actuating element (cam) of the
operation mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for
a specific power transfer means.
Subclass:
90.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided in an element (e.g., push rod,
tappet, etc.), between the cam and the valve rendering that
element ineffective--and interrupting the valve
actuation--during alternate revolutions of the crankshaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.31 for a cam that is driven in such fashion as to produce
alternate interruption of actuation.
Subclass:
90.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
wherein means is provided for supplying, or controlling a
supply of, lubricant to one or more elements of the operating
mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
196 for lubricating means in general for internal combustion
engines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, subclass 6, for lubricating systems for
machines, particularly the bearing parts thereof, where no
special combination exists between the system and the
machine.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 355, for
lubricating a valve of more general utility.
Subclass:
90.34
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device
wherein a lubricant supply means directs lubricant under
pressure to the camshaft and its cams.
Subclass:
90.35
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device
wherein a lubricant supply means directs lubricant under
pressure through a tappet to another element of the operating
mechanism.
Subclass:
90.36
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device
wherein a lubricant supply means directs lubricant under
pressure through a rocker fulcrum (sometimes a tubular rocker
support shaft) to another element of the operating
mechanism.
Subclass:
90.37
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device
wherein a lubricant control means is provided to restrict,
confine or direct a supply of lubricant for the operating
mechanism.
(1) Note. Included herein are valve stem seals or shields
which are movable with the operating mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188.6 for a valve stem seal or shield fixed to the engine
(e.g., fixed to the valve stem guide, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, 500 for a dynamic, circumferential contact
seal for other than a piston, especially subclass 502 for a
valve stem seal for an internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
90.38
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device
wherein means is provided to enclose a portion of the
operating mechanism which is subject to unrestrained
lubricant flow.
(1) Note. Ordinarily the means is detachable, and frequently
is serves as an access opening cover.
Subclass:
90.39
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
comprising a pivoted element, usually directly engaging a
valve stem, which transmits the motion developed in the
operating mechanism to the valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 519 and 559, for linkage
system elements in the form of a lever and a rocker arm,
respectively.
Subclass:
90.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device
wherein the rocker element includes means to transmit motion
to more than one valve.
Subclass:
90.41
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device
wherein the pivot means provided for the rocker element is
separate form and independent of the pivot means provided for
any like, pivoted element.
Subclass:
90.42
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.41. Device
wherein means is provided to restrict the pivotal movement of
a rocker element to a plane defined by the pivot and by the
stem of the valve which the rocker element engages.
Subclass:
90.43
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.41. Device
wherein means is provided in the region of the pivot to vary
the relationship of the rocker element to other elements of
the operating mechanism in order to create, modify or
eliminate clearance (lash) in the mechanism.
(1) Note. In most instances the lash adjusting means of a
device of this subclass is of the self-operating kind; i.e.,
it functions on its own initiative in response to the
presence of an incorrect amount of lash.
Subclass:
90.44
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device
wherein the rocker element is in direct contact with the
actuating element (cam) of the operating mechanism.
Subclass:
90.45
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device
wherein the rocker element is provided (other than at its
pivot) with means to create, modify or eliminate clearance
(lash) in the operating mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 522, for a linkage
system element in the form of an adjustable lever.
Subclass:
90.46
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.45. Device
wherein the lash adjusting means is of the reciprocating
hydraulic chamber type.
Subclass:
90.47
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device
wherein means is provided to afford a degree of resilience to
the transmitting of motion by the rocker element.
(1) Note. In keeping any clearance or slack taken up
(although not eliminated), the resilient means also serves to
reduce the noise of operation.
Subclass:
90.48
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
comprising an element which is in direct contact with the
actuating element (cam) and which transmits (ordinarily by
reciprocatory movement) the motion of that element to other
components of the operating mechanism.
(1) Note. Occasionally a tappet is more descriptively
referred to as a cam follower.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 569 for a
mechanism element in the form of a cam follower.
Subclass:
90.49
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device
wherein the tappet element includes a nonmetallic insert or
yieldable clearance take-up means to soften and/or reduce the
noise of its transmitting of motion.
Subclass:
90.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device
wherein means provided to restrict the movement of the tappet
element to the reciprocatory one intended to be imparted to
it by the actuating element (cam).
(1) Note. This provision is most likely to be found where
the tappet includes a roller for engagement by the cam.
Subclass:
90.51
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device
wherein the composition of material or the surface treatment
or the process of manufacture, or more than one of them, of a
tappet element is of primary concern.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 888.43, for a process of making a
tappet.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for stock
materials, e.g., of indefinite length, which are all metal or
have adjacent metal components.
Subclass:
90.52
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device
wherein the tappet element is provided with means to create,
modify or eliminate clearance (lash) in the operating
mechanism.
Subclass:
90.53
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.52. Device
wherein the adjusting means of the tappet element functions
on its own initiative in response to the presence of an
incorrect amount of clearance (lash) in the operating
mechanism.
Subclass:
90.54
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.53. Device
wherein the self-operating adjusting means is of the
mechanical screw type.
Subclass:
90.55
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.53. Device
wherein the self-operating adjusting means is of the
reciprocating hydraulic chamber type.
(1) Note. Requisite to a device of this nature is the
presence, within the tappet element, of a reservoir, a
pressure (or power) chamber, and a check valve to isolate the
chamber from the reservoir.
Subclass:
90.56
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device
wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means has its
pressure chamber located above (gravity-wise) its reservoir.
Subclass:
90.57
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device
wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means has a
fluid vent from its pressure chamber.
(1) Note. This characteristic is in contrast with the
provision of such an outlet from the reservoir, which is
relatively common.
(2) Note. The presence of an anti-pump-up provision may be
indicated where the medium vented is a liquid; the venting of
a gas, on the other hand, indicates merely a provision to
maintain the hydraulic fluid in a noncompressible (liquid)
state.
Subclass:
90.58
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device
wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means is
precharged with fluid and usually sealed; consequently, it
does not require a continuous, external fluid supply (e.g.,
the lubricating system of an engine).
Subclass:
90.59
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device
wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means is
modified in such fashion as to maintain the reservoir
sufficiently charged that the check valve will be kept
submerged while the means reciprocates in a generally
horizontal plane.
Subclass:
90.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
comprising a noncircular or eccentrically disposed surface
formed on a rotating element, which constitutes the initial
actuating means of the operating mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 567, for a
mechanism element in the form of a cam.
Subclass:
90.61
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
comprising an elongated, reciprocating element located
between a tappet and a rocker or valve and serving to
transmit the motion of the tappet thereto.
(1) Note. An element of the kind contemplated here may
include means whereby its length can be changed manually in
order to create, modify or eliminate clearance (lash) in the
operating mechanism. In some types of mechanism (e.g.,
cam-engaged rocker), the element is not utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 579, for a mechanism
element in the form of a rod.
Subclass:
90.62
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.61. Device
wherein the rod element includes a length-changing means
which functions on its own initiative in response to the
presence of an incorrect amount of clearance (lash) in the
operating mechanism.
Subclass:
90.63
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.62. Device
wherein the self-adjusting means of the rod element is of the
reciprocating hydraulic chamber type.
Subclass:
90.64
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.61. Device
wherein the rod element is subjected to tension while
performing its operational function.
(1) Note. This characteristic is in contrast with the
arrangement found with most rod elements, which are of the
"push" type and therefore function in compression. In a few
instances the pull-type rod directly engages the valve,
thereby eliminating the rocker element.
Subclass:
90.65
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device
comprising a resilient element which is utilized to bias a
valve toward its normal (usually closed) position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 337, for a valve
spring and for means for associating a spring with a valve
where the valve is of more general utility.
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses for a spring
device of more general utility.
Subclass:
90.66
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.65. Device
wherein means is provided to dampen or otherwise regulate the
rate at which the spring element imparts to the valve the
potential energy that it received through the operation of
the valve mechanism.
Subclass:
90.67
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.65. Device
wherein means is provided for receiving the fixed end portion
of a spring element and/or for retaining the other end
portion thereof in engagement with a valve or its operating
mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.28 for a spring seat or a retainer comprising a portion
of a device having to do with nonvalving motion of a valve.
Subclass:
142.5
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices not provided for in any of the preceding subclasses
or in other classes including (1) the combination of an
internal-combustion engine with means for supplying external
energy to heat the engine, or (2) the combination of an
internal combustion engine and means supplying external
energy to heat some part or adjunct of the engine such as a
radiator, or (3) internal-combustion engines having means
using heat from one part to heat another part by exchanging
heat between the parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.01 for internal combustion engine cooling systems and
devices and see notes thereto. Such systems and devices
including means to heat the radiator and/or other parts of
the cooling system are classified in this subclass (142.5).
179 for starting devices there provided for combined with
heating means where some starting feature other than heating
is claimed.
196 for internal combustion engine lubricators there
provided for combined with means for heating and/or cooling
the lubricant or lubricator only, including such devices
using the engine cooling fluid for lubricant or lubricator
heating and/or cooling.
543 for charge-forming devices there provided for combined
with heating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, particularly subclass 23
and see notes thereto for field of search for fluid fuel
heaters not in combination with an internal-combustion
engine.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 19.5 for a combustion
engine heated cooking stove, oven, or vessel; subclasses
93-97 for a heating stove that burns liquid fuel that may
have a detachable hood that is placeable over an
internal-combustion engine; and subclasses 271.1-271.3 for a
surface heater that may use heat from the exhaust or cooling
fluid of an engine.
165, Heat Exchange, 51 for an engine installed heat
exchanger that does not include significant
internal-combustion engine structure.
184, Lubrication, subclass 6 and 104.1+, for lubricators
combined with heating means there provided for.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 2, 5, 12.3, and 12.4+ for
vehicle heating systems using rejected heat of internal
combustion engines.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, particularly subclass 2, for
prime mover dynamo systems producing heat, and subclass 38,
for prime mover dynamo systems having an electric motor for
starting the prime mover.
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, 311 for electric
heaters for heating fluids not limited to an
internal-combustion engine combination.
432, Heating, subclasses 227-232 for a heat generator with
an associated work support or heat delivery structure.
Subclass:
143
Miscellaneous devices not coming within the terms of the
definitions of the following subclasses of igniters for
igniting the successive combustible charges supplied to and
burned within an internal-combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for devices for igniting the charge within the working
cylinder at starting and designed for temporary use at such
times.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, 118 for spark
plugs of the jump spark type.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 247 for
electric igniters and igniter systems.
Subclass:
144
Igniting devices for internal-combustion engines comprising a
burner located without the working cylinder and means for
igniting the combustible charge in the working cylinder from
the flame of the burner either by causing the flame itself to
come into direct contact with the combustible charge within
the working cylinder or by causing the flame to ignite an
auxiliary volume of combustible gas, which burning gas is
then moved into direct contact with the combustible charge
within the working cylinder. Also contains patents in which a
flame-igniting device as above defined is disclosed and
claimed in combination with the supply or exhaust valve of
the engine or with a valve controlling both the supply and
exhaust ports. Flame-igniting devices capable of use only
with internal-combustion engines operating upon
noncompression cycles are when disclosed or claimed in
patents claiming also a complete noncompression engine,
considered as a part of such an engine and are not
cross-referenced into this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 noncompression.
Subclass:
145
Igniting devices for internal-combustion engines comprising
an igniting member maintained at a temperature sufficient to
ignite the combustible mixture when it comes into contact
therewith and heating means for maintaining such igniting
member at a high temperature, generally at incandescence,
whereby the combustible charge will be ignited upon coming
into contact with the igniting member.
(1) Note. The igniting member may extend without the working
cylinder or combustion-chamber of the engine, in which case
it is generally maintained at a high temperature by means of
an external heating-burner or the said igniting member may be
located wholly within the working cylinder or
combustion-chamber, in which case it is ordinarily maintained
in a heated condition by the burning gases within the engine.
The heating means for the igniting devices ordinarily forms
no part of the igniting device itself; but such burners as
are especially designed for and adapted to be used with an
incandescent igniting device and are disclosed in connection
with such a device are classified in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 and indented subclasses, and 146, for other patents
relating to devices located within the working cylinder or
combustion-chamber of an internal combustion engine and
designed to or which in fact would both vaporize oil supplied
to the engine and ignite the resulting combustible mixture.
Subclass:
146
Incandescent igniting devices differing from those in the
preceding subclass in that a valve operated by and in unison
with the engine is provided for controlling the flow of the
combustible charge to the igniting elements, whereby the time
at which ignition of the charge takes place may be
determined.
Subclass:
146.5
Devices for igniting the successive combustible charges
supplied to and burned within an internal-combustion engine,
comprising electrodes extending into the space occupied by
the charge to be ignited and electrical means for producing a
spark or a series of sparks between the said electrodes,
whereby the charge is ignited and subordinate and auxiliary
devices designed and especially adapted for use with igniting
devices of the type set forth above and incapable of use in
the manner contemplated in other relations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass
19.01, and indented subclasses, for intermittent
circuit-closers which include distributors for
internal-combustion engine ignition.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
appropriate subclasses, for electrical, systems for supplying
electric energy to electric space discharge devices of the
arc or spark type. Merely claiming the spark or arc system as
an ignition system will not exclude the system from class
315, provided that the claims are not otherwise limited by
claimed subject matter to use with an internal-combustion
engine. Such systems which include a periodic switch driven
by the engine for timing the spark with reference to the
engine cycle are in this subclass (146.5) or the indented
subclasses of this class (123). Merely calling the discharge
device a "spark plug" will not exclude the patent from Class
315. Note especially subclass 209 and indented subclasses of
class 315, which provide for systems having a periodic switch
in the supply circuit of the discharge device, and subclass
211, where the system includes a plurality of discharge
devices and a distributor switch for distributing the energy
to the discharge devices in sequence.
Subclass:
147
Miscellaneous sparking devices for internal-combustion
engines in which a current of electricity of low
electromotive force is employed, thus necessitating the use
therewith of electrodes normally out of contact with each
other and which must be brought into contact and separated to
produce a spark, as in the following make-and-break
subclasses of electrical igniting devices, and subordinate
and auxiliary devices designed for use with and to form a
part of such an igniting device and incapable of use in the
manner contemplated, in other relations, the device in
question in either case not coming within the terms of the
definition of some one of the following sparker subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 247 for
electric igniting devices.
Subclass:
149
Mechanism whereby a dynamo-electric machine is operated by an
engine and is adapted to furnish a current of electricity for
the purpose of igniting the successive, combustible charges
supplied thereto and patents disclosing and claiming a dynamo
in combination with igniting mechanism, which, considered by
itself, would be classifiable in some one of the following
igniter subclasses, the connection between the two being
other than by means of mere conducting-wires, and patents
disclosing and claiming dynamo-electric machines having
features of construction or peculiarities in mode of
operation particularly adapting them for use with
internal-combustion engines for the purposes of igniting the
successive combustible charges supplied thereto and rendering
their use in other relations or with other devices
impossible, or at least unlikely. Dynamo coming within the
last of the above cases are generally so intimately
associated with or built into the elements constituting the
engine with which they are used as to be incapable of
separation therefrom and of operation or existence as
separate mechanism.
(1) Note. Dynamo-electric machines complete in themselves
having no element in common with an internal-combustion
engine and capable when put in operation of furnishing a
current of electricity available for any purpose to which the
current produced by the said dynamo is suitable are
classified in suitable subclasses of Class 310, Electrical
Generator or Motor Structure, according to the type of device
in question, and neither a positive statement in the
specification to the effect that the device in question is
intended to be used to furnish current for the igniting
device of an internal-combustion engine nor the fact that a
claim positively includes an internal-combustion engine or
its igniting device in general terms will be sufficient to
cause a patent for such a dynamo to be classified as an
igniting device for internal combustion engines.
(2) Note. Mechanism interposed between an internal
combustion engine and a dynamo driven thereby and designed to
furnish current for the igniting device of such engine, the
purposes of said mechanism being to maintain a constant speed
of the dynamo irrespective of variations in speed of the
engine, are not classified in this subclass. For such devices
see Class 188, Brakes, subclasses 180+; Class 192, Clutches
and Power-Stop Control, subclasses 103, 104 and 105 and Class
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses
75+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 and 594+, for low tension and high tension ignition
systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants.
Subclass:
150
Manually operated means used in connections with sparking
devices for determining the time in the cycle of operation of
the engine at which the charge will be ignited, in
combination with means for acting upon the exhaust-valve of
the engine to regulate the said valve, said last-mentioned
means ordinarily operating either to cause the exhaust-valve
to be opened upon the compression-stroke of the engine to
thereby facilitate the starting thereof or to maintain the
exhaust-valve in a partially or wholly open position thereby
acting as a manually controlled speed-regulator.
Subclass:
151
Devices comprising a valve for controlling the supply of
combustible mixture to the working cylinder or
combustion-chamber of an internal-combustion engine or the
exhaust of burned gases therefrom, or both the supply and
exhaust, together with a sparking device one or both the
electrodes of which is carried by and moves with the said
valve.
Subclass:
152
Valve-operating mechanism and sparker-operating mechanism in
combination and either with or without speed-controlling
mechanism. In such of the devices occurring in this subclass
as include speed-controlling mechanism the speed-regulator is
frequently of the charge-omitting type, and the combined
valve and sparker operating mechanism then takes the form of
means operating to interrupt the operation of the igniting
device of the engine while the supply of combustible charges
thereto is suspended. The valve acted upon may be the supply,
exhaust, fuel, or other valve upon which the operation of the
engine depends, and the sparking device is always of the
make-and-break type, hereinafter defined.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include devices in which
the only connection between the valve-operating mechanism and
the igniting device is that the valve-operating mechanism
controls a circuit-closing device, whereby a circuit included
in the sparking device is controlled. Such devices are
classified in subclass 146.5, in this class.
Subclass:
153
Sparking devices comprising relatively fixed and movable
electrodes normally out of contact with each other and
mechanically-operated means adapted to move the movable
electrode into contact with the fixed electrode shortly
before and to separate the electrodes when the combustible
charge is to be ignited, whereby an electric circuit in which
the electrodes are included is alternately made and broken
and a spark produced, and subordinate and auxiliary devices
designed and especially adapted for use with sparking devices
of the type above set forth and incapable of use in the
manner contemplated in other relations, the device in
question in either case not coming within the definition of
some one of the following make-and-break subclasses. The
make-and-break subclasses include sparking devices in which
the time during which the electrodes are in contact with each
other is much greater than the time during which they are
separated, the normal condition of electrodes which must be
brought into contact and then separated to produce a spark
being considered as out of contact with each other.
Subclass:
154
Sparking devices differing from those defined in the
preceding definition in that the operating means for the
movable electrode includes an electromagnet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 247 for
electric ignitors and ignitor systems.
Subclass:
155
Sparking devices differing from those defined in the second
preceding definition in that the means whereby the movable
electrode is actuated and is dependent for its operation upon
a gas under pressure.
Subclass:
156
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode partakes of a reciprocating motion of translation,
the relatively fixed electrode being either rigid or
yieldable.
Subclass:
157
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes
separated by a reverse movement of the movable electrode, the
relatively fixed electrode being rigid and unyielding the
operating means to the movable electrode including a hammer
element adapted to separate the electrodes by delivering a
blow to the movable electrode, whereby a more sudden
separation of the electrodes is secured and a more effective
spark produced.
(1) Note. For other sparking devices in which the means for
separating the electrodes include an element designed to
deliver a blow to the movable electrode, but which do not
have the structural features enumerated in this definition,
see the preceding subclass.
Subclass:
158
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes
separated by a reverse movement of the movable electrode, the
relatively fixed electrode being rigid and unyielding.
Subclass:
159
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes
separated by a reverse movement of the movable electrode, the
relatively fixed electrode being yieldable, so as to move
slightly after contact of the electrodes and during the
slight further movement of the movable electrode.
Subclass:
160
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode is carried by the rock-shaft and the electrodes
separated by a farther movement of the movable electrode in
the same direction.
Subclass:
161
Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable
electrode is carried by the rotating shaft driven
continuously or intermittently in one direction.
Subclass:
162
Sparking devices comprising an electric circuit including
relatively fixed and movable electrodes, the movable
electrode being adapted to make and break the circuit, as in
the preceding make-and-break subclasses, and the operation
thereof depending immediately upon the piston of the engine
with which the device is used. In the devices in this
subclass the movable electrode is either carried by the
working piston or is located in the clearance space of the
engine, and said electrode when not carried by the piston is
generally operated directly by the piston or by a projection
thereon as it comes into contact with the movable electrode
near the end of the compression-stroke.
Subclass:
163
The form of construction of the stationary electrode designed
for use with and to form a part of a sparking device
including relatively fixed and movable electrodes, as in the
preceding make-and-break subclasses, such stationary
electrodes being ordinarily capable of use with and as
forming a part of any sparking device which includes fixed
and movable electrodes.
(1) Note. It is intended that patents classifiable in other
make-and-break subclasses, but which disclose specific
stationary-electrode structure shall appear in this subclass
as cross-references. Inasmuch, however, as all make-and-break
sparking devices necessarily include a stationary electrode,
a search involving stationary-electrode structures may
sometimes extend to all make-and-break subclasses.
Subclass:
164
Inventions relating to manually-operated means used in
connection with make-and-break sparking devices for
determining the time in the cycle of operation of the engine
at which the electrodes shall be separated and the
combustible charge ignited. Includes manually-operated
devices for temporarily delaying the ignition of the
combustible charge when the engine is to be started for the
purpose of preventing a reversal of rotation of the engine at
such times.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing devices designed for use with
and to form a part of a high-tension electric igniting system
for internal-combustion engines and including an electric
circuit having suitable means therein for making and breaking
such circuit and also means for adjusting the circuit making
and breaking mechanism to vary the time at which the ignition
of the charge takes place do not appear in this subclass as
cross-references. For such devices see this class, subclass
146.5, and indented subclasses, and Class 200, Electricity:
Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 19.05, 19.11, 19.19,
and 319.21+.
(2) Note. For devices for regulating the speed of an
internal-combustion engine by automatically varying the time
at which the charge therein is ignited, see this class,
subclasses 406+.
(3) Note. For devices for determining the time at which the
ignition of the charge shall take place in combination with
means designed to act upon and regulate the exhaust-valve of
the engine, generally for the purpose of facilitating the
starting thereof, see subclass 150 in this class.
(4) Note. Patents classifiable in other make-and-break
subclasses but which discloses specific spark adjusting or
timing mechanism, appear in this subclass as
cross-references. Inasmuch, however, as make-and-break
sparking devices ordinarily include means for varying the
adjustment thereof, so that the charge will be ignited at the
proper time, a search involving an adjusting or timing
mechanism may extend to all make-and-break subclasses.
Subclass:
169
Combinations of a jump spark ignitor with internal combustion
engine structure or an internal engine and spark plug
accessory which is especially designed for use with an
internal combustion engine.
(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to the
combination of a spark plug and a cylinder head; the
combination of a plug and cylinder space in which the
interior of the skirt has a special claimed relationship to
the cylinder volume; the combination of a spark plug with an
adaptor of the screw coupling type (which, for example,
permits a small plug to be inserted in a large hole or which
acts to extend the shell skirt to provide a chamber for the
spark), etc. Also included are accessories designed to fit
onto the engine and also provided with means to hold the
spark plug which are not of general utility.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, provides for the
structure of spark plugs, per se. See especially subclass
11.5 and 118+ and the subclasses mentioned in the Notes
thereto for the subclasses to be searched for spark plugs.
Note also the classes listed under "SEARCH CLASS" in Class
313, subclass 118 for other classes which provide for parts
of spark plugs and accessories used with spark plugs.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass
32 and indented subclasses, for electric space discharge
devices of the spark plug type and other electric space
discharge devices which have combined therewith an electric
circuit element, such as a resistance inductance, or
condenser, the discharge device and the circuit element being
structurally united so as to form a unitary device.
Subclass:
179.1
STARTING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus, for starting an internal combustion engine from a
condition of rest or for facilitating the starting of such an
engine (i.e., starter) or accessory device designed to
facilitate the starting of such an engine and incapable of
use in the manner contemplated in other relations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142.5 for internal combustion engine combined with heating
means where no starting features are claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632, for one shot explosion actuated
expansible chamber-type motor.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 53 for
expansible motor of the engine rotating or starting type.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, 10, 22+, 30, 31+, 36+, 38,
46, 47, and 48 for an electric starting motor and for an
electric generator used as a starting motor.
Subclass:
179.11
Manual pump device or squeeze bulb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.9. Apparatus
wherein the primer is a hand-operated fluid transfer means.
Subclass:
179.12
Condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.9. Apparatus
wherein the primer operates in response to a sensed
parameter.
Subclass:
179.13
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.12. Apparatus
wherein the sensed parameter to which the primer responds is
temperature.
Subclass:
179.14
Condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.7. Apparatus
wherein the means for supplying a mixture operates in
response to a sensed parameter.
Subclass:
179.15
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.14. Apparatus
wherein the sensed parameter to which the means for supplying
a mixture responds is temperature.
Subclass:
179.16
With fuel or intake air control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter regulates hydrocarbon delivery or
incoming air.
Subclass:
179.17
Fuel injection pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.16. Apparatus
wherein the hydrocarbon regulating means is a fluid transfer
means which delivers hydrocarbon directly into a cylinder of
the engine.
Subclass:
179.18
Intake air control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.16. Apparatus
wherein a means regulates the flow of incoming air.
Subclass:
179.19
Includes auxiliary internal combustion engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter is an additional or another engine.
Subclass:
179.2
Remote control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
having a means separated from the engine which directs the
operation of the starter (e.g., radioed instruction).
Subclass:
179.21
With charge or cylinder heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein an accessory device increases the temperature of the
hydrocarbon in a combustion chamber or cylinder which makes
up a combustion chamber.
Subclass:
179.22
Inertia type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the energy for the starter is obtained from a moving
mass (e.g., flywheel).
Subclass:
179.24
Either power or manual starting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
having a starter which can be manipulated by hand or by an
application of energy.
Subclass:
179.25
Having specific mounting or drive connection for electric
starter motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
having detail to an electric motor support or to its linkage
between the starter and the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
179.26
For nonoperator supporting wheeled platform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.25. Apparatus
wherein the internal combustion engine and starter are
mounted on a distinct wheeled platform such as a mower which
is not intended to support a human.
Subclass:
179.27
For airplane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter is especially adapted for use with an
aircraft (e.g., toy airplane).
Subclass:
179.28
With electric generating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter is equipped with a producer of
electricity.
Subclass:
179.29
Auxiliary magneto:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the electric producer generates alternating current
with small magnets.
Subclass:
179.3
Condition responsive control of starting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
having means to regulate operation of the starter in response
to a sensed parameter.
Subclass:
179.31
Having fluid-driven starting motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter includes a motor which is powered by
pneumatic or hydraulic means.
Subclass:
179.4
Including automatic engine stop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.3. Apparatus
wherein the regulation of the engine is a ceasing operation
for the engine.
Subclass:
179.5
Control of spark ignition during starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein a means is provided to regulate intermittent firing
of the igniter when the engine is starting.
Subclass:
179.6
Control of glow plug during starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein a means is provided to regulate a small heating
element used to start ignition, when the engine is starting.
Subclass:
179.7
Auxiliary fuel supply device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the accessory device comprises means for supplying a
combustible mixture of air and hydrocarbon directly to the
working cylinder of the engine, together with means for
igniting the mixture within the working cylinder after the
mixture is supplied to the cylinder, and the accessory
devices being separate and distinct from the elements
constituting the engine and not involved in its normal
operation.
(1) Note. The accessory device for this and the indented
subclasses include means for supplying an easily vaporized
fluid to the engine when it is to be started, whereby the
initial combustible charge is more easily formed, the engine
being afterwords operated by a less volatile fluid, the means
not coming within the terms of subclass 127 definition. The
means for igniting the combustible mixture is frequently the
regular igniting device of the engine or such device with
suitable auxiliary appliances to adapt it to use in a
starting device of the type occurring in the subclass. The
essential features in the devices is that a combustible
mixture is supplied directly to the interior of the working
cylinder and ignited to start the engine by power generated
within itself. Such mixture may be supplied at substantially
atmospheric pressure or at a comparatively high pressure, and
it may or may not be compressed in the working cylinder by a
movement of the working piston before ignition.
(2) Note. Inventions limited to a mechanism for igniting a
combustible mixture as above where the engine is to be
started are classified in this class, subclass 184.1,
notwithstanding the fact that the starting devices occurring
in this subclass are necessarily provided with some type of
igniting device or the fact that the igniting device in
question may be designed for use with a starting device of
the type occurring in this subclass.
(3) Note. For internal combustion engines which are
self-starting because of the cycle upon which they operate, a
combustible mixture being supplied to the working cylinder
under pressure, see this class, subclass 68.
Subclass:
179.8
Starting fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.7. Apparatus
having a separate distinct liquid or gas, such as alcohol or
acetylene, used to initiate ignition.
Subclass:
179.9
Priming means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.7. Apparatus
... having means to prepare the engine for ignition by
adding an initial amount of priming fuel to a carburetor or
cylinder.
Subclass:
182.1
Compression relieving type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the accessory device comprises means for permitting a
portion of the combustible charge in the working cylinder to
escape during a part of the compression stroke of the engine,
whereby the volume of the combustible charge compressed and
ignited upon the initial strokes of the engine is reduced and
the external work necessary to start the engine is lessened.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for combined adjusting and exhaust regulating.
Subclass:
183.1
Gunpowder type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the accessory device utilizes a charge of gunpowder
or other explosive substance which is exploded and the
resulting gases act upon the working piston of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 632 for one shot explosion activated
expansible chamber-type motors.
Subclass:
184.1
With auxiliary igniters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the engine is started by introducing and burning a
combustible mixture within the working cylinder, and the
starting means includes either (1) a supplemental igniting
device separate and distinct from the regular igniting device
of the engine and designed for temporary use at starting or
(2) a device independent of the engine for actuating the
regular igniting device.
(1) Note. The combustible mixture may be supplied to the
working cylinder by separate and distinct means as in
subclasses 179.7+, or it may reach the cylinder by way of the
regular supply passage and inlet valve of the engine in their
ordinary manner.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include a device for
delaying the ignition of the combustible mixture to
facilitate the starting of the engine, but which device is
not in itself capable of igniting the charge. For such
device, if manually operated, see subclass 164, and if
automatically operated, see subclasses 406+ in this class.
(3) Note. For electrical igniting devices provided with
interchangeable sources of electricity, one for use at
starting and the other in the normal operation of the engine,
see this, class subclasses 147 and 594+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.7 for combustible mixture supplying means.
Subclass:
184.21
INTAKE MANIFOLD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Internal-combustion engine component including at least one
passage in fluid communication with an inlet port of the
engine through which working fluid (i.e., air, air and fuel
mixture, etc.) is distributed to the engine.
(1) Note. A manifold that conveys intake gases to an engine
and also conveys exhaust gases away from an engine is
included herein. Preheating of intake gases may be done by
the exhaust gases in such a manifold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 323 for an exhaust manifold, per
se, or in combination with a power plant.
Subclass:
184.22
Passage to crankcase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold wherein the chamber enclosing the crankshaft is
connected to the intake manifold to draw working fluid
therethrough.
Subclass:
184.23
For use with carburetor upstream of manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake
manifold which communicates between the engine and a device
for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
Subclass:
184.24
Manifold having plenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake
manifold including a chamber in which the working fluid is
contained at a pressure different from the pressure
surrounding the chamber.
Subclass:
184.25
Plural plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.24. Intake
manifold including more than one chamber in which the working
fluid is contained.
Subclass:
184.26
Interconnection between plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.25. Intake
manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one another so
that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
Subclass:
184.27
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake
manifold including more than one passage communicating with
inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed
therethrough.
Subclass:
184.28
For engine having radiating cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold adapted to be used on an engine which includes a
rotary output shaft that turns about an axis intersected by
and extending perpendicular to the axes of first and second
cylinders, the pistons of these cylinders are drivingly
connected to the rotary output shaft, wherein the cylinder
axes are separated at an angle with respect to one another.
Subclass:
184.29
Star-type engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.28. Intake
manifold wherein the engine includes at least three cylinders
which are equally spaced about the centrally disposed rotary
output shaft.
Subclass:
184.31
For V-type engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.28. Intake
manifold wherein the engine has first and second cylinders
with axes spaced apart by an angle less than 180 deg..
Subclass:
184.32
For use with carburetor upstream of manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake
manifold which communicates between the engine and a device
for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
Subclass:
184.33
Inlet manifold heated by outlet manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.32. Intake
manifold wherein the engine also includes at least one
exhaust passage intermingling with or in thermal
communication with at least a portion of the intake
manifold.
Subclass:
184.34
Manifold having plenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake
manifold including a chamber in which the working fluid is
contained at a pressure different from the pressure
surrounding the chamber.
Subclass:
184.35
Plural plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake
manifold including more than one chamber in which the working
fluid is contained.
Subclass:
184.36
Interconnection between plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.35. Intake
manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one another so
that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
Subclass:
184.37
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake
manifold including more than one passage communicating with
inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed
therethrough.
Subclass:
184.38
For in-line engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold wherein the engine has first and second cylinders
with axes coplanar with the axis of the rotary output axis.
Subclass:
184.39
For use with carburetor upstream of manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake
manifold which communicates between the engine and a device
for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
Subclass:
184.41
Intake manifold heated by outlet manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.39. Intake
manifold wherein the engine also includes at least one
exhaust passage intermingling with or in thermal
communication with at least a portion of the intake
manifold.
Subclass:
184.42
Manifold having plenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake
manifold including a chamber in which the working fluid is
contained at a pressure different from the pressure
surrounding the chamber.
Subclass:
184.43
Plural plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.42. Intake
manifold including more than one chamber in which the working
fluid is contained.
Subclass:
184.44
Interconnection between plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.43. Intake
manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one another so
that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
Subclass:
184.45
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake
manifold including more than one passage communicating with
inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed
therethrough.
Subclass:
184.46
For use with carburetor upstream of manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold which communicates between the engine and a device
for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
Subclass:
184.47
Manifold having plenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold including a chamber in which the working fluid is
contained at a pressure different from the pressure
surrounding the chamber.
Subclass:
184.48
Plural plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.47. Intake
manifold including more than one chamber in which the working
fluid is contained.
Subclass:
184.49
Interconnection between plenums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.48. Intake
manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one another so
that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
Subclass:
184.51
Adjustable plenum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.47. Intake
manifold wherein the volume of the plenum chamber is variably
controlled.
Subclass:
184.52
Multiple passage leading to inlet of one cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold including more than one passage communicating with
inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed
therethrough.
Subclass:
184.53
Manifold tuning, balancing, or pressure regulating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold including means to: (a) select the resonant
frequency of the chamber for desired flow of the working
fluid; (b) optimally vary the passage to one cylinder with
respect to another; (c) control the pressure of the working
fluid therein.
Subclass:
184.54
With back flow prevention valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold including a one-way valve for restricting the flow
of working material to one direction.
Subclass:
184.55
Adjustable length passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold including a means for changing the length of the
work fluids path to the engine.
Subclass:
184.56
Adjustable cross section passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold including a means for reversibly blocking a portion
of the flow path of the working fluid.
Subclass:
184.57
Resonator chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold including an enclosed portion that is tuned to
convert the pressure pulses of the pistons sucking in air
into resonating waves which facilitates more efficient
charging of the cylinders.
Subclass:
184.58
Return loop to inlet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold including a recirculation passage which allows a
portion of the working fluid to bypass the engine cylinder
and return to the inlet of the manifold.
Subclass:
184.59
Interconnection between passages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake
manifold wherein the inlet passages communicate with one
another allowing working fluid to pass there between.
Subclass:
184.61
Manifold material or composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake
manifold wherein the material or composition of the manifold
is specifically claimed.
Subclass:
185.1
Mechanical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter includes mechanical means forming a
connection between the mainshaft of the engine and starting
force input operating member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 6, and indented
subclasses for engine starters, per se.
Subclass:
185.11
Includes worm gear in linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating member
to the main shaft includes a threaded shaft and a wheel with
teeth that mesh into the threads.
Subclass:
185.12
Including crank-type handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the operating member for the mechanical means
consists of a hand operated lever or arm attached at a right
angle to the engine or a linking shaft which it revolves.
Subclass:
185.13
Means provided to prevent counter rotation of crank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.12. Apparatus
having a means to preclude the lever or arm from revolving in
a direction opposite its normal direction of operation.
Subclass:
185.14
Includes mechanical potential motor (e. g., spring motor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the starter includes a motor which is powered by
means which stores mechanical energy.
Subclass:
185.15
Operated by wheels of vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.14. Apparatus
wherein the energy input source for the energy storing means
is a wheel of a vehicle.
Subclass:
185.2
Includes cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the operating member or mechanical means includes an
elongated flaccid member (e.g., cord, chain, etc.) which the
operator uses to revolve the main shaft of the engine.
Subclass:
185.3
Including recoil mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.2. Apparatus
which also includes a grooved wheel around which the
elongated flaccid member is turned and a resilient coil which
draws the cord tight.
Subclass:
185.4
Lever connected to the cable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.3. Apparatus
having a rigid rod pivoted on a fixed fulcrum attached to the
elongated flaccid member which assists the operator in
revolving the mainshaft of the engine.
Subclass:
185.5
Includes lever or slide linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means includes a rigid rod pivoted on
a fixed fulcrum or a rod that glides along a guide and is
used to revolve the main shaft of the engine.
Subclass:
185.6
Lever or slide actuates a gear segment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus
wherein the rod moves a toothed machine element to revolve
the mainshaft of the engine.
Subclass:
185.7
Manual type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.27. Apparatus
wherein starting means is hand-operated.
Subclass:
185.8
Includes friction means in linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating member
to the main shaft includes means which transmits power to the
main shaft solely by rubbing contact between two or more of
its components.
Subclass:
185.9
Includes coaxial cooperating threaded members in linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus
wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating member
to the main shaft includes means which transmits power to the
main shaft when two helical or spiral ridged members rotate
relative to each other about the same axis.
Subclass:
188.1
VALVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus relating to either (1) the intake, exhaust, or fuel
valve of an internal-combustion engine having a stationary
opening (i.e., seat) and moving closure (i.e., head) or (2),
a component thereof (e.g., a valve-seat), or (3), an adjunct
accessory (e.g., supply conduit for valve) solely for use
with the supply, exhaust or fuel valve of an internal
combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.16 for valve having coolant sealed therein.
41.34 for internal cooling of moving valve parts.
41.76 for valve seats and guide with cooling means.
144 for supply or exhaust valves or a single valve
controlling both the supply and exhaust ports of the engine,
in combination with a flame igniting device.
434 for valves used in connection with charge-forming
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for valves
claimed broadly by name only and defined significantly or
broadly solely by their metal or alloy compositions and
including a specific Class 148 treatment of the metal or
alloy, or for products distinguished only by the internal
structure or characteristics of the metals, metallic
compositions or alloys comprising such structures.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, particularly 251 for cam
actuated valves.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses
for valves claimed by name only and defined solely by their
metal or alloy composition.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for valve
element or adjunct having only nominally claimed structure,
that is, one insufficiently defined in its ultimate use form,
comprised all of metal or having metal components.
Subclass:
188.11
Wear feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
wherein a feature or means is provided to compensate for
changes or deterioration of a valve component or accessory
caused by prolonged use.
Subclass:
188.12
For spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.11. Apparatus
wherein the component or accessory compensated is a resilient
element.
Subclass:
188.13
Including attaching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.12. Apparatus
having means to hold spring in place.
Subclass:
188.14
Valve head cooperates with manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
wherein the valve head has a specific form to engage an
aperture of the manifold.
Subclass:
188.15
Shepherd type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.4. Apparatus
having two valve heads one on top of the other with
concentric valve stems.
Subclass:
188.16
Pivoted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.2. Apparatus
wherein there is a hinge member between the stem and the
valve head.
Subclass:
188.17
Having actuation springs concentric with valve stem:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
wherein a valve return spring encircles the valve stem and is
centered around the same axis.
Subclass:
188.2
Poppet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.4. Apparatus
wherein the valve head has a flat disk shape on the end of a
vertically set stem.
Subclass:
188.3
Material or structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.2. Apparatus
having specific substance, or arrangement (e.g., ceramic) of
the valve.
Subclass:
188.4
Reciprocating valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
wherein the valve head slides to and fro during an opening
and closing operation.
Subclass:
188.5
Sleeve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.4. Apparatus
wherein the valve head consists of a thin cylindrically
shaped sheet having an inlet or outlet port.
Subclass:
188.6
Packing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
having a sealing means located around a valve stem.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.37 for a poppet valve mechanism's lubrication system
including a seal or shield that may include a valve stem seal
or shield movable with the operating mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, subclass 502 for a valve stem seal for an
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
188.7
Combustion improving accessory:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
having adjuncts for the valve (e.g., vanes) for enhancing the
combustion process.
Subclass:
188.8
Valve seat relation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
having specific characteristics of a stationary opening with
which the valve head cooperates.
Subclass:
188.9
Guide, lubricant or coolant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
either (1) having means to direct the motion of a valve stem
or (2) having a substance to reduce friction or (3) has a
substance to dissipate heat.
Subclass:
189
Conveniently disassembled valves and accessories thereof and
ordinarily comprises means for attaching the supply or
exhaust conduit to the engine in such a way as to be readily
disconnected therefrom, thereby permitting the convenient
inspection and generally the removal of the valve located at
the end of the conduit in question.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 454, for expansible chamber type pumps
having means to facilitate assembly or disassembly of a pump
valve.
Subclass:
190.1
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus
having a valve that rotates, or revolves during opening and
closing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for rotating valve, specific to a 4 cycle engine.
Subclass:
190.11
In horizontal plane on the side of the cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus
wherein the rotary valve lies in a plane perpendicular to the
cylinder axis and is located at the side of the cylinder.
Subclass:
190.12
Sleeve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
wherein the rotary valve comprises a thin cylindrical sheet
which rotates on an axis which is the same axis as the
central axis of the cylinder.
Subclass:
190.13
With lubrication means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.12. Apparatus
having a means to reduce the friction of the valve.
Subclass:
190.14
Disc, cone, or sphere shaped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
wherein the rotating valve body is in the form of either (1)
a thin flat rotor; (2) a surface generated by a straight line
passing through a fixed point and moving along the
intersection with a fixed curve; or (3) a three-dimensional
surface all points of which are equidistant from a fixed
point.
Subclass:
190.15
Controls plural cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.14. Apparatus
wherein the valve controls the intake, exhaust or fuel to
more than one cylinder.
Subclass:
190.16
Lubricant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
having means to reduce the friction of the rotary valve.
Subclass:
190.17
Seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
having means to prevent leaking of fluids around the rotary
valve.
Subclass:
190.2
Single function, (i.e., exhaust and intake by separate
tube):
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
wherein the rotary valve moves between individual distinct
ducts.
Subclass:
190.3
For crankcase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
wherein fuel and combustion products enter or leave the
crankcase through a rotary valve.
Subclass:
190.4
Double function type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus
wherein a single rotary valve handles both intake and exhaust
gases for cylinder.
Subclass:
190.5
For two or more cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus
wherein a single multi-passage rotary valve handles both
intake and exhaust gases for multiple cylinders.
Subclass:
190.6
Elongated rotary double-function valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus
wherein a cross section of the rotary valve perpendicular to
its rotational axis is significantly smaller than the
dimension of the valve parallel to its rotational axis.
Subclass:
190.7
Tapered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.6. Apparatus
wherein the cross section of the rotary valve becomes
gradually narrower along the rotational axis.
Subclass:
190.8
In horizontal plane above cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus
wherein the rotary valve lies in a plane which is
perpendicular to the cylinder axis and located over the top
of the cylinder.
Subclass:
190.9
Tapered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.8. Apparatus
wherein the cross section of the rotary valve perpendicular
to the rotational axis becomes gradually narrowed along the
rotational axis.
Subclass:
192.1
VIBRATION COMPENSATING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a stabilizing device adapted only for use
with an internal combustion engine, which renders the force
transmitted to the main driving shaft of the engine more
uniform and minimizes or counteracts a shaking or oscillating
motion caused by the reciprocation of engine parts.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 6.01 for crankshaft making
73, Measuring and Testing, 66 for testing instruments for
determining imbalances including arrangements employing
compensating countershafts.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 36, for overcoming
dead centers and 573 for balanced flywheels.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 7 for an expansible
chamber device having an over center means to bias the
working member in opposite directions over different portions
of the stroke.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclass 180 for shafting
having particular balancing or vibration dampening
structure.
Subclass:
192.2
Balancing arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.1. Apparatus
wherein the stabilizing device comprises means to establish
equilibrium using equal opposing forces.
Subclass:
193.1
PARTICULAR PISTON AND ENCLOSING CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus including a specific detail of either a piston
(e.g., shape, material, construction) or a guiding chamber
cooperating with and surrounding the piston, the piston or
guiding chamber being adapted soley for use with an internal
combustion engine or having a feature, construction, or
peculiarity in mode of operation rendering its use in other
relations or with other devices either impossible, or
improbable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.01 for cylinder or piston cooling arrangement, especially
subclass 41.16, for those having coolant sealed inside;
subclass 41.34 for cooling of a piston and moving cylinder;
and subclasses 41.67+ and 1.72+, for a jacketed or finned
cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 169.1 for cylinder details
for an expansible chamber device, subclasses 172+ for a
piston for an expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
193.2
Cylinder detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.1. Apparatus
having a specific detail of the chamber in which a piston
moves.
Subclass:
193.3
Having detail of connection to other cylinder structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.5. Apparatus
having specific means which is utilized in fastening the
structures to the upper end of the chamber.
Subclass:
193.4
Having detail to guiding structure cooperating with
cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.6. Apparatus
wherein the piston has a specific surface or formation
cooperating with the chamber.
Subclass:
193.5
Cylinder head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.1. Apparatus
having structure which is utilized in an assembly which fits
on the upper end of the combustion chamber and which may have
provision for valves, spark plugs, etc.
Subclass:
193.6
Piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.1. Apparatus
having a structure, shape, material or construction which is
utilized in a piston (i.e., a solid cylinder or disk fitting
snugly in a cylinder and reciprocating).
Subclass:
195
The form, construction, or other features of the casing,
frame, or bed-plate which supports the various elements
necessary to form a complete internal-combustion engine and
maintains them in proper operative relation with one another
and includes such constructions of the cylinder as relate to
the means of attachments to the bed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 606.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 146 for a plurality of
unitarily mounted cylinders or frame therefor for an
expansible chamber device, subclass 161 for a support or
frame for an expansible chamber device, and subclass 261 for
a crankcase, per se, for a crank associated with an
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
196
Lubricating means for internal-combustion engines, the device
in question being designed and adapted for use only with such
an engine and being dependent for its action upon
peculiarities of operation present only in
internal-combustion engines.
(1) Note. Lubricating means capable of use with engines
generally, irrespective of the fluid by which they are
operated, and capable of use with air, steam,
internal-combustion, or other engines are classified in Class
184, Lubrication appropriate subclasses, notwithstanding they
may be designed with reference to use with
internal-combustion engines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 153 for lubricating means
for an expansible chamber device.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 153 for a structural
installation of a separator, especially subclasses 167 and
171 wherein an internal-combustion engine may be broadly
recited as the source of the material to be treated.
Subclass:
197.1
TRANSMISSION MECHANISM FROM PISTON:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a mechanism intermediate the working piston
and the main driving-shaft of the engine through which power
is transmitted to the shaft.
(1) Note. A patent proper for this and the indented
subclasses may have ordinary parts of the engine mentioned
broadly in the claims, provided no specific construction of
such parts is involved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 and 78, for a transmission-mechanism involved in the
cycle upon which the engine operates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses
according to the character of the device in question.
Subclass:
197.2
With particular piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Apparatus
provided with specific details to the working piston.
Subclass:
197.3
Particular connecting rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.4. Apparatus
wherein the transmitting mechanism includes specific details
to the reciprocating rod.
Subclass:
197.4
Crankshaft and connecting rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Apparatus
wherein the transmitting mechanism includes a reciprocating
rod linking rotating parts and one of the rotating parts is a
shaft that has a handle or arm attached at right angles.
Subclass:
197.5
Including clutch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Apparatus
wherein the transmitting mechanism includes a device to
engage or disengage it from a drive shaft.
Subclass:
198
Miscellaneous accessory device designed for use with
internal-combustion engines not otherwise provided for in
this classification.
(1) Note. For thermometers combined with internal-combustion
engine structure wherein no more of said internal combustion
engine is included than is necessary to locate the
thermometer, see the Search Class notes below.
(2) Note. Cleaning apparatus and processes are for the most
part provided for elsewhere. See the Search Class notes
below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for cleaning
apparatus which involve at least one of the following means
or operations: a gas blast or vacuum, brushing, beating,
scraping, wiping, shotting, the use of a squeegee, with or
without a detergent.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for processes
of cleaning engines or parts thereof even though claimed in
combination with steps of engine operation, when only such
engine operation steps are claimed as are necessary for the
cleaning operation claimed and also for apparatus for
cleaning engines when a combination with the engine is not
claimed.
148, Metal Treatment, for metal cleaning or pickling
processes combined with other metal treating steps.
181, Acoustics, subclass 204 for acoustical machine type
enclosures specifically adapted for internal-combustion
engines.
252, Compositions, for detergent compositions and for
cleaning processes limited to the mere use of a detergent
even though the thing or surface cleaned be specified.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 144, and
indented subclasses, for thermometers combined with
internal-combustion engine structure wherein no more of said
internal combustion engine is included than is necessary to
locate the thermometer,
Subclass:
200
ROTARY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus having a cylinder structure enclosing a piston
structure wherein the piston structure cooperates with the
cylinder structure and one or more other elements to
constitute an enclosed space for burning the combustible
material wherein the piston structure and cylinder are
capable of relative rotary movement.
(1) Note. A rotary expansible chamber device having only
nominally claimed air or fuel supply, air or fuel modifying
means or ignition means without recitation of any other
combustion aspects such as stratification, charge forming,
scavenging, compression, etc., is properly classified in
Class 418.
(2) Note. Included in these subclasses are engines wherein a
gas is transferred or moved from one variable volume to
another. Transfer of gas after being acted upon by one
surface of said piston to a point where said gas acts upon
another surface of said piston is considered to be a transfer
to a different volume.
(3) Note. The majority of the engines found within this and
indented subclasses are of the type in which the cylinder
structure is stationary and the piston structure rotates;
however, also included are engines wherein the cylinder
structure rotated and the piston structure remains
stationary, such engines being treated as kinematically
inverted.
(4) Note. The term "rotor" herein is synonymous with "piston
structure"; the term "enclosed space" is synonymous with
"working chamber". The term "rotation" herein includes
"plantation". The term "partition structure" and "vane" are
synonymous and refer to the generally long, thin platelike
elements capable of reciprocation and designed to form
working chambers within the engine by the separation of one
volume of the piston-cylinder volume from others.
(5) Note. Further included in these subclasses, from Class
60 (old subclass 39.61) are rotary engines provided with a
volume structure external to the enclosed space for burning
and with means for intermittently communicating the enclosed
space with the external volume structure such that the
combustion may occur either within the enclosed space or the
external volume structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for internal-combustion engines comprising a cylinder or
cylinders having a continuous rotary movement, and pistons
having reciprocating movement relative to the cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate
subclasses for devices with similar structure but without
significant internal-combustion features. See Class
Definition, section III, miscellaneous class notes of Class
418, and (1) Note above in this subclass for statements of
the line between Class 123 and Class 418.
Subclass:
201
Reversible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with means to allow the burning material to act on
the piston structure or elements to produce rotary motion in
either direction.
(1) Note. An example of reversing arrangements not included
within this subclass is reverse gearing to reverse the
direction of rotation of the output while the direction of
rotation of the engine remains unchanged. See Class 74,
Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 810.2.
Subclass:
202
With means to control degree of compression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with distinct means to vary the level of pressure of
the air or combustible material prior to combustion.
(1) Note. The means of this subclass is distinct structure,
such as a bypass valve, e.g., and excludes the cooperating
elements which normally and inherently produce compression in
a rotary engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 283 for a rotary expansion chamber
device having a condition responsive bypass or relief valve.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 159 for a
rotary expansible chamber device provided with means adjacent
to the fluid inlet or outlet for controllably modifying the
flow of fluid.
Subclass:
203
With combusted gas treatment or handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with means for treating or handling the burning
combustible material within the volume where the burning
occurs during the expansion or exhaust phase of operating
cycle.
(1) Note. The treatment or handling of the combusted
material is in addition to the expansion occurring in the
working chamber and includes air injection, scavenging, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 272 for an engine in which combusted gases
are treated or handled after exhausting from the working
chamber.
Subclass:
204
With compression volume means in uninterrupted communication
with expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
wherein the piston structure cooperates with one or more
other elements or with another piston structure or with the
cylinder structure such that an unobstructed passageway
always exists between the volume in which the air or
combustible material is compressed and the volume in which
the combustible material is burned.
(1) Note. This subclass includes engines operating on the
Brayton (constant pressure) cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 39.01 for nonpositive
displacement engines operating on the same cycle.
Subclass:
205
With fuel injection means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with means for introducing liquid combustible
material under pressure into an air supply to form a
combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for other types of internal-combustion engines provided
with fuel injectors.
Subclass:
206
And pump or control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
further provided with distinct means to either increase the
pressure of the fuel being injected or to modify the amount
of the fuel being injected into the combustion space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
139 for a fuel injection pump, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for generic pump
structure.
Subclass:
207
Into intake port:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
wherein the fuel injector is located so as to inject the fuel
into the passageway leading to the working chamber of the
engine.
Subclass:
208
Into intake chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
wherein the fuel injector is located so as to inject the fuel
directly into the working chamber during the air and fuel
induction stroke of the operating cycle.
Subclass:
209
Into prechamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus
wherein the fuel injector is mounted for feeding fuel into a
cavity structure external to but communicating with the
working chamber via a passageway.
Subclass:
210
With ignition means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with a source of heat energy for initiating the
combustion reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
143 for ignition structure, per se.
Subclass:
211
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of ignition means.
Subclass:
212
With plural compression volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of means to pressurize and deliver
air or combustible material to the enclosed space.
(1) Note. The volume designated for compressing the air or
combustible material inherent in the operating cycle of most
rotary piston engines is included as one of the compression
volume means for this subclass.
Subclass:
213
In series:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus
wherein the plural compression volume means are arranged such
that the pressurized air or combustible material is passed
directly in line from one compression volume means to the
next.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for other types of internal-combustion engines provided
with serially arranged superchargers.
Subclass:
214
With plural expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with a plurality of space means capable of
enlargement to receive the combusted material from the
combustion space such that the reception of the combusted
material causes the space means to enlarge.
(1) Note. The volume designed for receiving the combusted
material inherent in the operating cycle of most rotary
piston engines is included as an expansion volume means for
this subclass.
Subclass:
215
In series:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Apparatus
wherein the plural expansion volume means are arranged such
that the combusted material is passed directly in line from
one expansion volume means to the next.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 623 for a rotary motor driven by
waste heat or exhaust energy.
Subclass:
216
With charge treatment means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
provided with means to modify or prepare the combustible
material prior to or during its delivery to the combustion
space.
(1) Note. Charge treatment means includes, e.g., preparation
means such as mixing means for the fuel and air, or for a
plurality of substances to form a combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
434 for charge forming devices, per se.
Subclass:
217
Exhaust gas recirculation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus
wherein the treatment means consists of structure returning a
portion of the combusted material to the air or fuel being
delivered to the combustion space.
Subclass:
218
Rotor shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus
wherein the treatment means consists of a cavity structure
integral to the piston structure for creating turbulence so
as to mix the air and fuel during the compression phase of
the operating cycle in preparation for combustion.
Subclass:
219
Stratification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus
wherein the treatment means consists of structure for feeding
air or air/fuel mixtures having different air/fuel ratios
into the working chamber.
Subclass:
220
Preheating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus
wherein the treatment means consists of structure for raising
the temperature of the air or combustible material prior to
delivery to the combustion space.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 86 for a
rotary expansible chamber device provided with heat exchange
means wherein the heating of the working fluid is an
ancillary function to the cooling of the rotary device.
Subclass:
221
With transfer means intermediate single compression volume
means and single expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
having a singular space means to pressurize the combustible
material and a singular space means capable of enlargement to
receive the combusted material and with means, located
therebetween, to deliver the pressurized combustible material
to the receiving space means.
(1) Note. Combustion of the gas mixture may occur in the
transfer passage means, in the expansion volume means, or in
both.
(2) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses include
engines having an unequal number of compression volumes and
expansion volume, wherein each compression volume serves only
a single expansion volume at any one time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, and appropriate
subclasses for similar rotary expansion chamber device.
Subclass:
222
Isolated charge in movable transfer element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
provided with means to isolate and physically move a quantity
of combustible material from a source to the space in which
it may be burned, there being no volumetric change in the
material as it is being moved.
Subclass:
223
Reciprocating or oscillating compression volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material has
a member capable of moving alternately backward and forward
thereby pressurizing the combustible material.
Subclass:
224
Radially spaced from expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus
wherein the compression volume means is spaced from the
combusted material receiving means on a line radiating from
the center or approximate center of rotation of the combusted
material receiving means.
Subclass:
225
Abutment acts as compression means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
wherein the means to receive the combusted material is formed
in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the cylinder structure for oscillation or
reciprocation relative thereto during rotation of the piston
structure, wherein the first portion of the partition
structure engages the periphery of the piston structure to
form a seal therebetween, and further wherein a second
portion of the partition structure acts as a means to
compress the air or combustible material.
Subclass:
226
Compression means disposed in rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus
wherein the compression volume means is mounted on the rotary
piston structure.
Subclass:
227
Vane acts as compression means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus
wherein the means to receive the combusted material is formed
in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the piston structure for oscillation or reciprocation
relative thereto during rotation of the piston structure,
wherein the first portion of the partition structure engages
the inner periphery of the cylinder structure to form a seal
therebetween, and further wherein a second portion of the
partition structure acts as a means to compress the air or
combustible material.
Subclass:
228
Compression volume means circumferentially disposed relative
to expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material is
distally located from the means to receive the combusted
material on a closed curvilinear boundary about the axis of
rotation of the piston structure.
Subclass:
229
Transfer means in rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein at least a portion of the means to transfer the
pressurized material is composed of the rotary piston
structure.
Subclass:
230
Compression volume is also expansion volume:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein the singular space means to pressurize the
combustible material acts alternately as the singular space
means to receive the combusted material, the combustible
material being confined in the transfer means after
compression and prior to expansion.
Subclass:
231
Vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material and
the means to receive the combusted material are formed in
part by a partition structure mounted within the piston
structure for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto
during the rotation of the piston structure wherein the
partition structure engages the inner periphery of the
cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 259 for vane-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
232
Interengaging rotors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material and
the means to receive the combusted material are separated by
a seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable element
structure with the periphery of the piston structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 191 for gear-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
233
Nonparallel axes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus
wherein the piston structure and the partition structure are
mounted for rotation about lines of center that are at an
angle relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 195 for a
gear-type rotary chamber device having nonparallel axes.
Subclass:
234
Compression volume means axially disposed relative to
expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material is
spaced from the means to receive the combusted material on
the line of center of rotation of the piston structure.
Subclass:
235
Transfer means in rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
wherein at least a portion of the means to transfer the
pressurized material is disposed within the rotary piston
structure.
Subclass:
236
Vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material and
the means to receive the combusted material are formed in
part by a partition structure mounted within the piston
structure for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto
during the rotation of the piston structure, wherein the
partition structure engages the inner periphery of the
cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 259 for a vane-type
rotary chamber device.
Subclass:
237
Abutment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
wherein the means to receive the combusted material is formed
in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the cylinder structure for oscillation or
reciprocation relative thereto during rotation of the piston
structure, wherein the first portion of the partition
structure engages the periphery of the piston structure to
form a seal therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 243 for
abutment-type rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
238
Interengaging rotors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus
wherein the means to receive the combusted material is formed
in part by a seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable
element structure with the periphery of the piston
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 191 for gear-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
239
Compression volume means radially disposed relative to
expansion volume means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material is
spaced from the means to receive the combusted material on a
line radiating from the center or approximate center of the
combusted material receiving means.
Subclass:
240
Concentric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus
wherein the means to pressurize the combustible material and
the means to receive the combusted material both are
essentially toroidally, and further wherein one of the means
encircles the other, with a common center, such that the air
or combustible material is transferred from one toroidal
shaped means to the other.
Subclass:
241
With compression, combustion, and expansion in a single
variable volume:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
wherein the pressurization of the combustible material, the
ignition of the combustible material, and the expansion of
the combusted material all occur within the same enclosed
space.
Subclass:
242
Planetating rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus
wherein the geometric center of the piston structure rotates
about an axis noncoincident with said center.
(1) Note. The term "planetating" includes both the rotary
motion of an object about an axis other than its own
geometric axis with or without rotary motion about its own
geometric axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 54 for planetating
working member rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
243
Vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus
wherein the enclosed space is formed at least in part by a
partition structure mounted within the piston structure for
oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during the
rotation of the piston structure, wherein the partition
structure engages the inner periphery of the cylinder
structure to form a seal therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 259 for vane-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
244
Abutment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus
wherein the enclosed space is formed at least in part by a
partition structure mounted within the cylinder structure for
oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure
engages the periphery of the piston structure to form a seal
therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 243 for
abutment-type rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
245
Alternately approaching and receding elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus
wherein the enclosed space is formed by the simultaneous
combined movement produced by the rotation of a plurality of
elements or piston structures and the oscillation of two or
more of the elements or piston structures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for an internal-combustion engine wherein the piston
reciprocates relative to a toroidal cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 33 for alternating
piston-type rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
246
Eccentric interengaging rotors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus
wherein the peripheries of the elements or piston structures
cooperate to form a seal therebetween thereby forming the
enclosed space.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 191 for gear-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
247
Only combustion and expansion of charge in engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus
wherein the piston structure, the cylinder structure, or the
other elements cooperate to form an enclosed space in which
only burning of the combustible mixture and the enlargement
of the combusted material occurs, the compressed combustible
material being supplied from an undefined source.
(1) Note. This subclass is limited to patents which do not
claim the kinetic compressor or other source of the
compressed air or fuel mixture. Patents claiming such a
compressor or source have been classified in subclasses
221+.
Subclass:
248
Abutment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus
wherein the enclosed space is formed at least in part by a
partition structure mounted within the cylinder structure for
oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure
engages the periphery of the piston structure to form a seal
therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 243 for
abutment-type rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
249
Interengaging rotors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus
wherein the enclosed space is formed at least in part by a
seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable element
structure with the periphery of the piston structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 191 for gear-type
rotary chamber devices.
Subclass:
250
ENGINE MEANS HAVING INTERNAL VAPORIZING IN PRECHAMBER WITH
ALL COMBUSTION IN MAIN CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having a main combustion chamber in which all
combustion takes place and an auxiliary chamber (prechamber)
that is used only to vaporize liquid fuel or thoroughly mix a
fuel-air mixture before it is burned in the main combustion
chamber.
Subclass:
251
Whirling in prechamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter
in which means is provided to effect swirling of the fuel or
fuel-air mixture in the prechamber to more thoroughly
vaporize or mix the fuel.
Subclass:
252
Vaporizing by a hot surface of prechamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter
in which the fuel in the prechamber is vaporized by heat
stored in a surface (e.g., wall) of the prechamber.
(1) Note. The heat is usually obtained from combustion in
the main chamber.
Subclass:
253
PRECOMBUSTION AND MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS IN SERIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having at least two distinct physical volumes
or chambers in which combustion occurs. The combustion is
multi-stage and is initiated in a first chamber, known as a
prechamber or auxiliary combustion chamber, and spreads into
a final or "main" combustion chamber where combustion is
complete and expansion occurs.
(1) Note. The prechamber must be a volume that is physically
provided for and distinct from the main combustion space and
must have at least intermittent fluid communication with the
main chamber.
(2) Note. Multiple prechambers may be provided for, emptying
serially into each other and then into the main chamber, or
each emptying in parallel into the main chamber.
Subclass:
254
Chamber temperature control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which means is provided to adjust, maintain, heat, cool,
or otherwise control the temperature of the main combustion
chamber or prechamber.
(1) Note. The means may include particular positioning or
construction of a chamber.
Subclass:
255
Vaporizing in precombustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which means is provided in the prechamber to aid in the
vaporization of fuel droplets to promote complete and smooth
burning.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for an engine in which the vaporization is aided by
heating.
Subclass:
256
Plural precombustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which more than one prechamber is provided.
(1) Note. They may empty separately into the main chamber,
serially into each other then into the main chamber, or
both.
Subclass:
257
Two-cycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the engine operates on the two-stroke cycle
principle.
(1) Note. An engine operating in the two-stroke cycle
principle completes its operating cycle in one crankshaft
revolution.
Subclass:
258
Having timed valves to precombustion and main combustion
chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the main and prechamber each have at least one
intake valve, with significance attributed to the relative
valve timing.
Subclass:
259
Having volumetric relation between precombustion and main
combustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which a specific ration of the volumes of the main and
prechamber is specified.
Subclass:
260
With ignition means particularly positioned relative to
precombustion and main combustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the location of the
ignition means in relation to the pre and main chambers.
Subclass:
261
With injection means particularly positioned relative to
precombustion and main combustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the location of the
injection means in relation to the pre and main chambers.
Subclass:
262
Having fluid whirling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to cause whirling of the fluid in
the pre or main chamber or in the intake manifold adjacent a
pre or main chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for atomizer, deflector, or shield in prechamber.
290 for positioning of connecting passage to cause
whirling.
Subclass:
263
Whirling in precombustion chamber only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter
wherein the means causes whirling of the fluid only in the
prechamber.
Subclass:
264
Precombustion chamber is carried by a valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the prechamber is attached to or formed as an
integral part of an engine valve.
Subclass:
265
Precombustion and main chambers form an "L" head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the main and prechamber are so located relative to
each other than their cross section is in the shape of an
"L".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
658 for "L" shaped combustion chamber, per se.
Subclass:
266
Precombustion chamber assembly inserted in spark plug hole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the prechamber is attached to the engine by
insertion into the hole provided for the spark plug.
(1) Note. This type of prechamber is usually used as a
retrofit device on an engine not normally having a
prechamber. The displaced spark plug is usually screwed into
a hole provided for in the prechamber assembly.
(2) Note. Prechamber usually screws in.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for other prechamber mounting means.
Subclass:
267
Separate fuel or combustible mixture added to precombustion
chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter
in which fuel or air-fuel mixture is added to the prechamber
in addition to the fuel or mixture obtained from the main
chamber.
Subclass:
268
Valveless precombustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which the prechamber contains no valving of any type.
Subclass:
269
Piston shape complements precombustion chamber discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which an engine piston is shaped to conform to the shape
or direction of the discharge from the prechamber outlet and
allows free flow therefrom.
(1) Note. The piston may also be further shaped to direct
the flow from the prechamber to a particular part of the main
combustion chamber.
Subclass:
270
Precombustion chamber liner or coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
in which a surface of the prechamber is provided with a
coating or liner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
280 for deflector or shield.
Subclass:
271
With liner mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter
in which means is disclosed to secure the coating or liner
within the prechamber (glue, screw, friction fit, etc.).
Subclass:
272
Including combustion catalyst liner or coating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter
in which the liner or coating contains a catalytic agent that
aids or enhances the combustion in the prechamber.
(1) Note. The catalyst may even initiate combustion in the
prechamber.
Subclass:
273
Precombustion chamber mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein some specific structure or method is disclosed for
fastening or removing the prechamber body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for a prechamber mounted in a spark plug hole.
Subclass:
274
Having combustible mixture forming means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein specific means is disclosed to provide an air-fuel
mixture for the pre or main combustion chamber.
Subclass:
275
By fuel injection into precombustion or main combustion
chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
wherein fuel at a pressure greater than atmospheric is
introduced into either the pre or main combustion chamber.
Subclass:
276
Fuel injected into precombustion chamber formed in piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter
where fuel under pressure greater than atmospheric is
introduced into a prechamber which is located in the engine
piston.
Subclass:
277
By fuel injection into precombustion chamber with carbureted
main chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter
wherein fuel is introduced under pressure greater than
atmospheric into the prechamber and the main chamber is fed
with an aspirated or carbureted mixture of air and fuel.
Subclass:
278
By fuel injection into main chamber with carbureted
precombustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter
wherein the main chamber is charged with fuel at a pressure
greater than atmospheric and where the prechamber is fed with
an aspirated or carbureted mixture of air and fuel.
Subclass:
279
Piston carried precombustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the prechamber is carried by and mounted on the
engine piston.
(1) Note. The prechamber may be fueled from the combustion
chamber, or through the piston, and/or cylinder wall.
Subclass:
280
Atomizer, deflector, or shield in precombustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the prechamber or prechamber throat contains an
atomizer, deflector, or shield mounted in the path of the
fuel or air-fuel mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for prechamber with a liner.
Subclass:
281
Precombustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the three-dimensional shape of the precombustion
chamber can be formed by rotating a single planar shape,
formed from a combination of straight or curved lines,
through 360 deg. about an axis.
(1) Note. Connecting throats are not considered as part of
the figure of revolution.
(2) Note. An example would be to rotate a semicircle about a
straight line connecting its free ends (diameter) thus
forming a sphere.
Subclass:
282
Figure of revolution is multishaped to form a precombustion
chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the three-dimensional shape of the prechamber can be
formed by rotating a plurality of separated planar shapes
through 360 deg. about an axis.
(1) Note. The resulting separate volumes generally have an
interconnecting passage.
Subclass:
283
Cylindrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the resulting 3-D shape is a cylinder.
Subclass:
284
Spherical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter
wherein the resulting 3-D shape is a sphere.
Subclass:
285
Precombustion chamber having a specific shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein the prechamber has a shape disclosed as critical to
the engine operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for a prechamber having a shape that can be formed by a
figure of revolution.
Subclass:
286
Having specific connecting passage means between
precombustion and main combustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter
wherein significance is attributed to the design of the
passage between the pre and main combustion chambers.
(1) Note. The design is usually disclosed as being critical
to the combustion process.
Subclass:
287
With ignition means in connecting passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein combustion initiating means is employed in the
connecting passage.
Subclass:
288
Having fuel, a combustible mixture, or air added in the
connecting passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein either fuel, air, or a mixture of both is supplied in
the connecting passage.
Subclass:
289
Fluid flow through passage controlled by working piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein the flow or fluid in the connecting passage between
the main and pre chamber is valved or otherwise controlled by
some portion of or attachment to the engine working piston.
Subclass:
290
With whirling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter
wherein means is provided for swirling the fluid contained in
the pre or main chamber, or the connecting passage.
Subclass:
291
Multiple connecting passages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter
wherein there are multiple connecting passages or divisions
of a single passage between the pre and main chambers.
Subclass:
292
With valve means or variable orifice means in the passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein the means is provided in the connection between the
pre and main chambers to vary the flow path therebetween.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289 for piston-controlled connected passage.
Subclass:
293
Having multiple passages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter
wherein there are multiple connecting passages or divisions
of a single passage between the pre and main chambers.
Subclass:
294
COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS HAVING FUEL INJECTION ONLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which all fuel, liquid or gaseous, and
unmixed with air, is supplied under pressure to the interior
of the combustion or working chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
495 for a fuel pump available for supplying fuel to form the
combustible charge in an engine of the type in this
subclass.
531 for engines having air-fuel mixture injected into
combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 533.2 for
injection nozzle structure, per se.
417, Pumps, subclass 364 for a fuel pump available for
supplying fuel to form the combustion charge in an engine of
the type in this subclass.
Subclass:
295
Combustible mixture stratification means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
in which means is provided to deliberately create a
nonhomogeneous mixture charge within the combustion chamber.
Subclass:
296
Injector is an integral part of engine valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
in which the fuel injector is mounted on, carried by, or
otherwise an integral part of an engine intake or exhaust
valve.
Subclass:
297
Combination igniting means and injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein an engine spark plug or external ignition device and
an engine fuel injection nozzle or valve are at least in part
combined in one structural unit.
Subclass:
298
Injection of fuel onto igniter, deflector, heater, or
atomizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein the injected fuel spray pattern or some part of the
pattern in the combustion chamber impacts on a heater,
igniter, deflector, or atomizer.
Subclass:
299
Using multiple injectors or injections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein, a plurality of injectors or a plurality of distinct
spray patterns from the same injector are employed in each
engine cylinder.
(1) Note. This includes simultaneous or sequential
injections.
Subclass:
300
Alternating multiple injectors (e.g., series injection):
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter
wherein multiple injectors make their injections, one
following the other, with no overlap of their injection
periods (e.g., series injection).
Subclass:
301
Injected fuel spraying into whirling fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein the injected fuel is sprayed into a whirling,
swirling, or rotating fluid mass in the engine cylinder.
Subclass:
302
Air entering combustion chamber through plural inlets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber has plural separate air or
oxidant inlet ports.
Subclass:
303
Having inlet uncovered by working piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the inlet ports is valved by a part
of the engine piston during some portion of its working
stroke.
Subclass:
304
Injecting diverse fuels or different states of same fuel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
wherein at least two different types of fuel or the same fuel
in two or more different states (e.g., liquid and gas, are
injected directly into a combustion chamber).
Subclass:
305
Having a particular relationship between injection and
ignition characteristics (e.g., nozzle location, spray
pattern, timing relative to igniter location, timing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the relationship
between the functional or structural characteristics of
injection and ignition.
Subclass:
306
MEANS TO WHIRL FLUID BEFORE, UPON, OR AFTER ENTRY INTO
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which employs a combustion chamber and some
means either in the inlet or outlet of the combustion chamber
or within the chamber itself to whirl the engine fluid so
that some fluid whirling results in the combustion chamber
itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 and 290, for fluid whirling means with a prechamber.
Subclass:
307
Structural projection on working piston causes whirling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the engine working piston includes some form of
projection which induces whirling of the engine fluid in the
combustion chamber.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include a piston projection
which merely directs the fluid along some nonrotary path.
Whirling is rotary motion and is generally about the cylinder
axis.
Subclass:
308
Having multiple oxidant inlet means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber has a plurality of separate
air or oxidant inlet members.
Subclass:
309
Specific spark plug location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter
wherein significance is attributed to the specific location
of the spark plug with respect to the whirling fluid.
Subclass:
310
COMBUSTION CHAMBER HAVING MULTIPLE SPARK GAPS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which employs a plurality of spark plugs per
engine combustion chamber or which employs a plurality of
spark gaps per combustion chamber with the spark gaps
extending beyond the diameter of spark plug hole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for multiple gap spark plug.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
313, Electrical Lamp and Discharge Devices, 123 for multiple
gap spark plug.
Subclass:
311
FOUR-CYCLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having a single-acting working cylinder and a
single working piston reciprocating therein and in which
compression takes place in the working cylinder before
ignition, said engine working upon a cycle comprising four
distinct strokes, namely, an expansion stroke following
ignition of the charge, followed by exhaust, intake, and
compression strokes.
(1) Note. This subclass and those indented hereunder are
intended to include four-stroke cycle engines in which at
least one of the cycles is varied or modified from the
conventional four-stroke cycle engine. A nominally claimed
four-stroke cycle is not sufficient for classification in
this and indented subclasses, if there is significant
disclosure for classification elsewhere in the class, unless
there is a claim for a specific four-stroke engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
559 for a super-charged four-cycle engine.
Subclass:
312
Engine cylinder having a reciprocating sleeve valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
in which the four-stroke engine utilizes a reciprocating
sleeve to valve the intake or exhaust port. The sleeve is
reciprocated in timed relationship with the movement of the
piston in the cylinder.
(1) Note. The sleeve valve is usually cylindrical in shape.
Subclass:
313
Having a junk ring seal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
in which a sealing ring is provided between the sleeve valve
and cylinder head.
(1) Note. The ring is referred to as a junk ring, and is
usually located between the head and the inside surface of
the sleeve valve.
(2) Note. The junk ring is usually provided to prevent
combustion residue from entering the space provided for
sleeve valve and interfering with the operation of said
valve.
Subclass:
314
Having sleeve valve lubrication means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
including means to provide for lubrication of the sleeve
valve.
Subclass:
315
Multiple exhaust:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein said exhaust means comprises a plurality of exhaust
apertures.
Subclass:
316
Having subcharger associated with the cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein some part of the charge is bled from the cylinder
upon compression, stored and then returned to the system upon
a subsequent intake stroke.
Subclass:
317
Crankcase compression of air or combustible mixture to be
subsequently pumped into the working cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the charge or any part of the charge is compressed at
least partially in the chamber housing the engine crankshaft
upon the downstroke of the engine working piston; the
pressurized air or mixture is then pumped into the cylinder
to insure complete filling.
Subclass:
318
Rear compression of air or combustible mixture to be
subsequently pumped into the working cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter
wherein the charge or some part of the charge is compressed
by the engine working piston on its downstroke in a volume
other than that of the engine crankcase.
(1) Note. This volume is generally immediately adjacent the
connecting rod side of the engine piston and is sealed at the
passage of the connecting rod to the crankcase. The
pressurized air or mixture is pumped into the cylinder to
insure complete filling.
Subclass:
319
ENGINE SPEED REGULATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the output shaft speed of an internal
combustion engine is controlled (i.e., accelerate,
decelerate, or maintain constant R.P.M.) by varying the power
input thereto.
(1) Note. The primary purpose of a speed regulator is to
regulate the shaft speed of the engine and includes feedback
or nonfeedback types. Since fuel injection pump governors
almost always regulate the engine shaft speed by varying the
amount of fuel injected, they have been included in the speed
regulating subclasses. The primary purpose of the charge
former is to form a combustible charge to be fed to the
engine at any given operating condition. Charge former may
utilize sensed engine parameters to adjust the quality of the
mixture formed. The parameters may include engine speed,
vacuum (load), air flow, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 144 and 180.1+.
60, Power Plants, subclass 39.03 and 39.2+ for regulation of
the power output of a power plant employing products of
combustion.
73, Measuring and Testing, 488 for a speed-responsive device
to general application.
137, Fluid Handling, 47 for speed-responsive valve control.
180, Motor Vehicles, 170 for vehicle speed-responsive
regulators.
188, Brakes, 266 for internal resistance brakes of the fluid
type in which no significant internal combustion engine is
claimed.
477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine
Control, for interrelated controls between an engine and a
transmission, clutch, or brake.
Subclass:
320
Responsive to deceleration mode (e.g., engine acting as a
brake):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
wherein the speed regulator senses high manifold vacuum,
closed throttle, and rpm above idle and responds to cause or
attempt to cause a further reduction in engine rpm.
(1) Note. In many instances, the speed regulator includes
means to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas causes by the
deceleration condition.
Subclass:
321
Valve timing altering means (e.g., axially sliding cam
shift):
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
in which a device is provided to alter the instant at which
opening or closing of an engine valve begins, to cause the
engine to act as a brake.
Subclass:
322
Electrical means adapted to alter valve timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter
having means to change the amount of time the intake or
exhaust valve is open, each cycle wherein said means is
electric.
Subclass:
323
Exhaust throttling or blocking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
to throttle or block the exhaust as the engine acts as a
brake.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, subclass 273 for a brake on an internal
combustion engine acting by restricting the exhaust from said
engine.
Subclass:
324
Part of the air or combustible mixture to the engine cylinder
omitted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
that includes means to omit a portion of the engine input air
or charge, further decelerating the motor or clean the
exhaust of the already decelerating motor.
Subclass:
325
Deceleration responsive cutoff of fuel to engine (e.g.,
pollution control):
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
including means to stop fuel flow of the engine to decal the
engine or clean up the emissions of the already decelerating
engine.
Subclass:
326
Rich resupply of fuel at end of deceleration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter
to deliver a squirt of fuel to the engine to facilitate a
burst of power for an impending acceleration.
Subclass:
327
Auxiliary air fed to the engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
wherein means are provided to supply additional air to the
engine cylinder in response to a deceleration condition.
Subclass:
328
Idle jet bypassed by a slight opening of the throttle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator includes means to open the
throttle butterfly slightly when the engine is in a
deceleration condition to prevent an excessive amount of fuel
from being drawn from the idle jet.
Subclass:
329
Having means to retard spark (e.g., ignition timing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator includes means to retard the
spark firing instant so that the plug fires closer to or
after top dead center.
Subclass:
330
Engine speed reduction by overriching the combustible mixture
(e.g., choking engine):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
to regulate the engine speed by adding more fuel to the mix
or otherwise providing less air per part of mix, thus
producing a choking effect on the engine, resulting in engine
speed reduction.
Subclass:
331
By electric means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter
wherein said engine speed regulating means is electrical or
is an electrically actuated mechiready decelerating engine.
Subclass:
332
Engine speed reduction by fuel cutoff:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
to regulate the engine speed by stopping the fuel supply to
the engine.
Subclass:
333
By electric means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
including means to stop fuel flow to the engine wherein said
means is electric or is an electrically actuated mechanical
or fluidic means.
Subclass:
334
Engine speed reduction by partial or complete omission of the
ignition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which a means to regulate engine speed is operative to
prevent ignition in at least one engine cylinder.
Subclass:
335
By electric means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter
in which a means to prevent ignition is electrically
operated.
Subclass:
336
Having plural throttle valve structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
having more than one butterfly valve in the engine intake
(e.g., carburetor).
Subclass:
337
Specific throttle valve structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
wherein the carburetor or engine intake has a unique
butterfly configuration that is significant to its operation
as a speed regulating device.
Subclass:
338
Fuel injection pump bypass control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
having a fuel injection pump bypass governor so that fuel is
diverted from the pumping chamber during the pump intake
stroke, or part of the fuel delivered past the pump outlet
valve is diverted from delivery to the associated engine.
(1) Note. The fuel diverted is usually conducted back to the
supply tank or inlet of the pump.
Subclass:
339.1
Idle speed control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
(a) wherein the output shaft has a varied minimum operating
speed, and (b) comprising a manual input member and means for
adjusting the minimum operating speed of the shaft while
maintaining the manual input member (e.g., accelerator pedal,
hand control) at a minimum position.
(1) Note. An engine idle speed control responsive to a
signal indicative of an engine operating condition or
indicative of an external load applied to the engine (e.g.,
power steering pump, lights, electric generator) is provided
for here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses,
especially 40 for engine idle speed control responsive to a
sensed parameter of an electric generator.
477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine
Control, appropriate subclasses, especially 34 for an engine
idle speed control responsive to a signal indicative of a
transmission, clutch, or brake condition.
Subclass:
339.11
By regulating spark ignition timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject
matter comprising a combustion chamber, a combustible
mixture, a piston traveling in the chamber, a rotatable
crankshaft, and means creating a short pulse or flow of
electric current for causing the combustible mixture to burn
in the combustion chamber wherein the minimum output shaft
operating speed is adjusted by varying the point of piston
travel or crankshaft rotation at which the short pulse or
flow of electric current occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.19 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing control adjusted in response to sensed engine shaft
output speed.
Subclass:
339.12
And air-fuel ratio feedback controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject
matter comprising a combustion chamber having a space
therein, a combustible mixture containing an oxidant and a
fuel, and wherein the minimum output shaft operating speed is
adjusted and the relative proportion of oxidant and fuel in
the combustible mixture which is fed to the combustion space
or chamber is varied according to a sensed parameter
indicative of the proportion of oxidant in the mixture.
(1) Note. The parameter sensed may be indicative of an
amount of a component of the combustible mixture fed to the
combustion chamber or an amount of a component of the exhaust
gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for a device for controlling the engine speed by varying
the air-fuel ratio.
680 for a charge-forming device which is responsive to
engine exhaust gas condition and idling condition.
704 for a charge-forming device which is responsive to a
sensed air-fuel ratio prior to combustion.
Subclass:
339.13
Manual adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject
matter wherein the means for adjusting the minimum output
shaft operating speed of the internal combustion engine is
adjusted by hand or through use of a hand-manipulated tool.
(1) Note. The manual adjustment may be combined with an
electrically operated control device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for carburetor adjustments, per se.
Subclass:
339.14
Electrically operated control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject
matter wherein the means for adjusting the minimum output
shaft operating speed of the internal combustion engine is
powered by electrical energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
with the engine being part of a closed loop condition
responsive feedback system.
395 for an open loop condition responsive speed regulator
for an engine.
Subclass:
339.15
With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
includes an electrical circuit having a circuit element and
wherein the electrically powered adjusting means (a) upon
sensing failure in the circuit element shifts operation (1)
into a substitute circuit, or (2) to a substitute mechanism
to accomplish the same function, or (b) senses functioning of
the circuit or circuit element outside of acceptable
parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
479 for a charge-forming device having an electrically
actuated fuel injector and an actuator circuit including a
fail-safe, backup, or failure indicator.
690 for an exhaust gas condition responsive charge-forming
device including a fail-safe, backup or malfunction means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for
an electrical alarm or indicating system.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, appropriate
subclasses for an electrical fail-safe or backup system
without significant internal combustion engine structure.
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 99
for control means for an internal-combustion engine including
specific computer or data processing details.
Subclass:
339.16
External load condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means is
adjusted or modified in response to a signal from a
transducer responsive to a parameter indicative of the
resistance to rotation of the output shaft of the engine by a
device driven by the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 69.3 for a motor vehicle
having means to increase the idle speed of an internal
combustion engine to compensate for an accessory load.
Subclass:
339.17
Air conditioner operating mode responsive (i.e., compressor
on-off):
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.16. Subject
matter including (1) an apparatus (a) for lowering a
temperature and humidity of an enclosed space, and (b) having
a clutch compressor and (2) wherein the minimum engine output
shaft operating speed is adjusted in response to a parameter
indicative of the state of engagement (i.e., on or off) of
the compressor clutch.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.19 for an internal combustion engine cooled by a
refrigeration cycle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, especially 323.1
for engine idle speed control in response to a specific air
conditioner parameter (e.g., refrigerant pressure).
Subclass:
339.18
Accessory load (e.g., lights, heater blower motor, radiator
fan motor, generator) on engine electrical system
responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.16. Subject
matter comprising an ancillary device that induces a
resistance to rotation of the output shaft and wherein the
electrically powered means for adjusting the minimum engine
output shaft operating speed responds to a condition
indicative of the resistance to rotation of the output shaft
induced by the ancillary device.
(1) Note. An internal combustion engine idle speed control
electric generator combination in which the electric
generator is merely a nominal load driven by the internal
combustion engine is found here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, 40 for the combination of an
internal combustion engine idle speed control and an electric
generator in which is included (a) any detail of the
generator, (b) any relationship between a generator part and
an internal combustion engine, or (c) any control of the
internal combustion engine in response to the electricity
produced by the generator.
Subclass:
339.19
By engine speed error feedback:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means (a)
measures an actual minimum engine output shaft operating
speed, (b) compares the measured output shaft operating speed
to a target minimum output shaft operating speed, and (c)
adjusts the measured output shaft operating speed to achieve
the target minimum output shaft operating speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
352 for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
with the engine being part of a closed loop condition
responsive feedback system and an error signal producing
circuit.
395 for an open loop condition responsive speed regulator
system for an engine.
Subclass:
339.2
Dynamic state variable model:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means (a)
has a preprogrammed memory of stored values from a previous
test phase (e.g., bench test), (b) compares actual engine
condition values to the stored values, and (c) anticipates
adjustments necessary to control the minimum output shaft
operating speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
350 for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
with the engine being part of a closed loop condition
responsive feedback system.
395 for an open loop condition responsive speed regulator
for an engine.
418 for a spark ignition timing control responsive to engine
output shaft operating speed.
480 for an electrically actuated fuel injector actuator
circuit having a microprocessor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 101
for control means for an internal-combustion engine including
specific computer or data processing details.
Subclass:
339.21
And integral or derivative control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject
matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
(a) receives a signal indicative of an engine operating
parameter, and (b) either (1) determines on a continuous
basis the total value of the parameter being measured as a
function of time or (2) determines a rate of change of the
parameter being measured as a function of time, and (c) uses
the result to vary the minimum engine shaft operating speed.
Subclass:
339.22
And temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject
matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
additionally adjusts the minimum engine shaft operating speed
in response to changes in temperature (e.g., temperature of
an engine component, engine fluid, or the ambient
environment).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
362 for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed of
a cold engine with the engine being part of a closed loop
condition responsive feedback system having an error signal
producing circuit.
588 for a charge-forming device having the quantity of
auxiliary air or oxygen added to the combustible mixture
controlled by engine temperature.
Subclass:
339.23
Controlling throttle bypass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject
matter comprising a combustion mixture forming conduit having
a means for varying its cross-sectional area and wherein (a)
a fluid passage extends from a location upstream from the
means for varying the cross-sectional area of the mixture
forming conduit to a location downstream from the means for
varying the cross-sectional area of the mixture forming
conduit, and (b) a device controls the flow of fluid through
the fluid passage to vary the minimum engine output shaft
operating speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
585 for a charge-forming device having a quantity of
auxiliary air or oxygen added to the combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
specific details of a valve of general utility.
Subclass:
339.24
Temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
adjusts the minimum engine shaft operating speed in response
to changes in temperature (e.g., temperature of an engine
component, engine fluid, or the ambient environment).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.16 for an engine starting device with fuel or intake air
control.
588 for a charge-forming device having the quantity of
auxiliary air or oxygen added to the combustible mixture
controlled by engine temperature.
Subclass:
339.25
Including rotary actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
includes a member which is turned about an axis by a source
of electrical energy.
(1) Note. The member may turn about its axis less than 360
degrees and still be proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
with the engine being part of a closed loop condition
responsive feedback system and an engine speed error
producing circuit controlling an electric throttle operator.
399 for an open loop condition responsive engine speed
regulator having an electrical device between the input and
the speed regulator.
585 for a charge-forming device having a quantity of
auxiliary air or oxygen added to the combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for a
valve of general utility and a valve actuator therefor, and
especially 129.01 for an electrically actuated valve.
Subclass:
339.26
Stepping motor type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.25. Subject
matter comprising (a) a device which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy which tends to assume a
predetermined angular position in response to being
continuously energized, and indexes in discreet angular
increments of essentially uniform magnitude as a function of
electrical pulse inputs, and (b) wherein the member which is
turned about its axis is driven by the device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses, especially 49 for a specific rotary step-by-step
motor of general utility, per se.
Subclass:
339.27
Including linear reciprocating solenoid control device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
comprises an actuator which uses electrical energy to change
the position of a movable element to regulate the minimum
output shaft operating speed, the actuator having a coil and
an armature, and the coil and armature being mounted for
relative movement in a straight line back and forth along its
axis when the coil is energized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339.25 for an idle speed control including a device having a
rotary actuator.
585 for a charge-forming device having a quantity of
auxiliary air or oxygen added to the combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, especially 129.09 for
plural solenoid valve arrangements, and subclasses 129.15+
for solenoid valves, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 15 for an
electromagnetic reciprocating motor, of general utility, in
which the elements move in a straight line.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 220 for specific details of an
electromagnet having an armature.
Subclass:
339.28
Having valve controlled vacuum actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.27. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
controls the flow of a fluid through a passage connected to
an expansible chamber of negative fluid pressure, and the
negative fluid pressure in the chamber is used to actuate the
movable element that varies the minimum output shaft
operating speed.
Subclass:
339.29
By overriding injection pump governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject
matter (a) comprising a fuel pressurizing and metering
device, a mechanical fuel quantity regulator that varies the
amount of fuel fed to the engine from the fuel pressurizing
and metering device at all operating speeds, and (b) wherein
the means for adjusting the minimum output shaft operating
speed of the internal combustion engine modifies operation of
the mechanical fuel quantity regulator when the engine is at
the minimum output shaft operating speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339.13 for an idle speed control having manual adjustment.
Subclass:
342
Regulator changes length of accelerator linkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
having means to change the length of the linkage connecting
the engine throttle valve and the operating lever or pedal.
(1) Note. Changing the linkage length changes the amount
that the throttle valve may be opened.
Subclass:
343
Regulator accessory (e.g., cleaner, adjusting tool, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
for use with an engine speed regulator not provided for
elsewhere.
(1) Note. Including accessory safety device, cleaner, tool.
Subclass:
344
Charge proportion varying (e.g., the fuel-air ratio is
varied):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
including means for regulating the speed of an engine by
automatically varying the relative amount of air and fuel
forming the combustible charge.
(1) Note. The volume of each successive charge remains
constant and the pressure thereof being at or substantially
at atmospheric pressure at the beginning of the compression
stroke. The proportion of air and fuel may be varied by (a)
controlling the flow of both air and fuel, (b) controlling
the flow of one constituent, leaving the other uncontrolled,
or (c) supplying variable and regulated quantities of an
air-fuel mixture to the working cylinder along with an
additional amount of fluid as is necessary to fill the
cylinder at atmospheric pressure.
Subclass:
345
By changing valve lift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator acts to alter the lift of a
cyclically operated valve controlling the flow of the
fuel-air mixture to or from the combustion chamber.
(1) Note. A device which shuts this value or which holds it
to a constant lift less than full lift is also properly
classified in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
347 and 348, for a device which holds the valve at full open
position.
Subclass:
346
Intake valve lift altered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
in which the regulated valve is the mixture inlet valve.
Subclass:
347
By changing valve timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator acts to alter the timing of a
cyclically operated valve controlling the flow of the
fuel-air mixture to or from the combustion chamber.
(1) Note. Such a device which shuts the valve or which holds
its lift to a constant valve less than full lift is
classified in subclass 345. A device which holds the valve at
full open is properly classified in this subclass.
Subclass:
348
Intake valve timing altered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
in which the cyclically operated valve is the mixture inlet
valve.
Subclass:
349
Having condition responsive means with engine being part of a
closed feedback system (e.g., cruise control):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator (a) responds to an engine
parameter and produces an initial speed control output to
alter the present speed of the engine, (b) monitors the
engine's response to this initial speed control output, and
(c) if necessary, modifies the speed control output of the
regulator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicle, 170 for a vehicle speed regulating
system.
Subclass:
350
Electrical sensing or regulating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
in which the parameter is electrically sensed or in which the
regulating action is electrically effected.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, 170 for an electrical vehicle speed
regulator.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 30.01 for
electromagnetically actuated fluid pressure pilot valve, and
subclasses 129.01+ for electrically operated valves.
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, 40 for general purposes
speed regulating systems for generators.
Subclass:
351
Engine overspeed sensing with an indicator or alarm and speed
regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter
in which the engine speed is sensed and the speed regulated
to decrease rpm when the engine speed is higher than a
predetermined limiting speed, and combined with an overspeed
alarm or indicator.
Subclass:
352
Engine speed sensing having an error signal producing
circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter
in which the regulator employs a specific type or design of
circuit to (a) compare the actual engine speed with a desired
or preset speed, and (b) produce an output signal when the
two speeds are unequal.
Subclass:
353
Having variable duty cycle multivibrator (e.g., length of
"time on" in each cycle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the regulator employs an output of a variable duty
cycle controlled oscillator to effect the speed regulation.
(1) Note. The oscillator or multivibrator operates at a
constant frequency with regulation effected by varying the
length or "on" time of the output control pulse.
Subclass:
354
Having variable frequency multivibrator (e.g., number of
"time ons" per unit of time):
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the regulator includes a variable frequency
oscillator or multivibrator having a constant length output
pulse.
Subclass:
355
Having phase difference detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the error signal producing circuit has means to
compare an electrical signal representative of the desired
engine speed with an electrical signal representative of the
actual engine speed in order to determine if the two signals
are coincident in time (in phase) with each other, thereby
producing an error signal if the signals compared are found
not to be coincident in time (out of phase).
Subclass:
356
Circuit resonates (e.g., tuned) at governed speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the error signal producing circuit has means to
compare the actual engine speed to the desired engine speed
and contains means to tune the circuit so that the circuit
resonates or oscillates, producing no error signal output
when the speeds compared are the same.
Subclass:
357
Electric fuel injection pump governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the output of the error signal producing circuit is
used to control the engine speed by controlling the fuel
delivery of a fuel injection pump.
Subclass:
358
Max-min governor (i.e., no control in between):
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
in which the circuit output regulates the fuel injection pump
output to maintain a minimum engine speed and prevent engine
speed from exceeding a maximum value.
Subclass:
359
Fail-safe feature (e.g., cuts off fuel pump):
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter
in which safety means is provided to effect backup control
when part of the electric regulator fails.
(1) Note. The said safety means may cut off the pump, reduce
the pump output to effect engine idling, etc.
Subclass:
360
Circuit controls a fluid throttle operator (e.g., vacuum):
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the output of the circuit is used to control a
throttle valve or speed adjusting mechanism that is fluid
powered.
(1) Note. The fluid may be air (vacuum or pressurized),
lubricating oil, fuel, etc.
Subclass:
361
Circuit controls an electric throttle operator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
in which the output of the circuit is used to control a
throttle valve or speed adjusting mechanism that is
electrically powered.
Subclass:
362
Cold engine control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter
in which the regulator includes means to effect special
control of engine speed during engine starting or warm-up
conditions.
Subclass:
363
Mechanical sensor or regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
in which the sensor or regulator is a mechanical device,
e.g., lever, gear, cam.
Subclass:
364
Fuel injection pump governor (e.g., diesel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
in which the engine employs a fuel injector regulator to
control the speed of the engine by adjusting the amount of
fuel fed to the engine by its fuel injection pump.
(1) Note. The regulator usually controls the position of a
pump "rack" or control rod to regulate fuel quantity in
response to at least engine speed, and may be responsive to
other engine parameters as well.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
375 for fuel delivery rate controlled by fuel pressure.
Subclass:
365
Governor override:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which means is provided to prevent or modify normal action
of the regulator.
(1) Note. The means may be provided for as an integral part
of the speed regulator.
Subclass:
366
Engine starting or warm-up control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter
in which the means for modifying normal action of the
injection pump governor is operative during starting or
warm-up of the associated engine.
Subclass:
367
Variable throttle or control rod stop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter
in which the means for modifying normal action of the
injection pump governor operates to limit the distance that
the governor can move the control rod (rack) of the pump.
Subclass:
369
Three-dimensional cam control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which the governor includes a rotary cam whose profile is
such that axial movement of the cam is effective to alter the
cam lift action (e.g., at one axial extreme the cam provides
maximum lift to a valve while at the other extreme minimum
lift is produced).
Subclass:
370
Acceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which the governor includes means for special adjustment
of the pump output in response to a sudden demand for an
increase in the power output of the engine (acceleration).
Subclass:
371
Deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which the injector pump governor is responsive to (a) high
manifold vacuum, (b) closed throttle, and (c) rpm above
idle.
Subclass:
372
Biased axial link (e.g., sliding rod with spring return):
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which the governor regulation is effected through a biased
axially moving rod or link.
(1) Note. One end of the link is connected to the fuel pump
rack, i.e., member which determines pump delivery, the other
end of the link is acted upon by at least one engine
parameter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for axial link devices in which the parameter end of the
link is acted on by a pivoted link.
Subclass:
373
Pivoted link connected to pump rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Subject matter
in which the governor regulation is effected by a pivoted
lever one end of which is connected to the fuel pump rack
(member which controls pump delivery amount).
(1) Note. The lever is pivoted somewhere along its length at
a fulcrum or pivot and the other end of the lever is acted
upon by at least one engine parameter.
Subclass:
374
Movable fulcrum (e.g., slot and pin):
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter
in which the point at which the lever is pivoted (fulcrum
point) is movable.
Subclass:
375
Fuel injection pressure governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
wherein speed regulation is effected by means that controls
the fuel injection pressure.
Subclass:
376
Throttle positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 363. Subject matter
in which the speed regulator is effected by means controlling
the position of an engine intake throttle.
Subclass:
377
Safety override of dangerous manual position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Subject matter
wherein feedback means is provided to override a manually
positioned throttle so as to prevent an unsafe or undesired
engine operating condition.
Subclass:
378
Fluidic sensor or regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
wherein the engine speed or other parameter sensed, the
sensing action, the regulator, or the output control actuator
is fluidic.
(1) Note. The term fluidic is intended to include pneumatic
or hydraulic controls or a fluidic amplifier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 479 for combustion engine
induction-type valves which are responsive to changes in line
condition.
Subclass:
379
Fuel injection pump governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
in which the fuel for the engine is provided to an engine
cylinder or intake manifold by a fuel injection pump and in
which the speed of the engine is regulated by varying the
delivery amount of the pump.
(1) Note. The system must include a speed input to a speed
regulator and must be fluidic. The system is generally used
on diesel or a compression ignition engine but can include
Otto or a spark ignition engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for fuel delivery rate controlled by fuel pressure.
Subclass:
380
Barometric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
wherein atmospheric pressure is an input parameter to the
injection pump governor.
Subclass:
381
Fuel viscosity sensor (e.g., temperature sensing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
wherein the viscosity of the injected fuel is an input
parameter to the injection pump governor.
(1) Note. This input may be fuel temperature.
Subclass:
382
Manifold pressure sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
where the engine intake manifold pressure is a parameter
input to the fuel injection pump governor.
(1) Note. This subclass includes sensing the pressure at a
venturi in the intake manifold.
Subclass:
383
Supercharger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter
where a supercharger or other means of pressurizing the
engine intake air is employed.
Subclass:
384
Floating piston-type governor (e.g., Bessiere):
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
in which the injection pump governor includes a freely
floating piston whose position within the pumping cylinder is
determined by (a) the amount of fluid trapped between said
floating piston and a second driving piston, and (b) the
position of the driving piston, and in which the effective
pumping stroke may be controlled by varying the amount of
trapped fluid during part or all of the pumping cycle.
Subclass:
385
Liquid fluid governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter
in which the sensor or regulating action of the governor is
provided by means that makes use of a liquid fluid.
Subclass:
386
Lubrication pressure sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
in which the governor control means is responsive to the
pressure of the fluid used to lubricate the engine.
Subclass:
387
Fuel pressure sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
in which the fluid is the fuel that is to be burned in the
engine.
Subclass:
388
Override for basic mechanical governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter
in which liquid fluid means acts to modify or prevent
operation of a mechanical governor. This may occur during
starting, cold engine operation, etc.
Subclass:
389
Intake manifold vacuum responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
where the speed regulator utilizes engine intake manifold
vacuum as in input.
Subclass:
390
Fuel injection pressure governor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein speed regulation is effected by means that controls
the fuel injection pressure.
Subclass:
391
Responsive to intake airflow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
in which engine speed is regulated in response to the output
from a device sensing the flow of air being inducted into the
engine air intake.
Subclass:
392
Responsive to cooling fan airflow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
in which engine speed is regulated in response to the output
from a device sensing the flow of air past or through the
engine cooling means.
(1) Note. Including airflow through radiator of water-cooled
engine.
Subclass:
393
Responsive to exhaust gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter
wherein the fluid sensed is the engine exhaust gas.
Subclass:
394
By combustion air or air-fuel mixture cutoff:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Subject matter
wherein the flow of the engine's intake air or air-fuel
mixture is throttled or cutoff by a valve means in the engine
intake (other than the engine throttle) acting in response to
engine speed.
(1) Note. The valve means may itself sense the engine rpm by
responding to airflow rate.
Subclass:
395
Open loop condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
in which speed regulating means responds to (a) an engine
parameter, or (b) an environmental condition to alter the
present engine speed without regard to the resulting engine
speed.
Subclass:
396
Resistance or override acts on input connection to
regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
in which condition responsive means are provided to alter or
override the action of a speed control of the engine.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are devices that act to
override a closed-loop device but do not themselves have a
feedback system.
Subclass:
397
Shutdown safety device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter
which acts to place the speed regulator at idle or full stop
position when a condition indicating an unsafe or otherwise
undesirable engine condition occurs.
Subclass:
398
Throttle position lock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Subject matter
that act in response to a sensed condition to lock the speed
regulator at a particular throttle position.
Subclass:
399
Having an electrical device between input and speed
regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
in which there is some electrical device in the control path
between the sensed engine condition and the actual engine
speed regulator.
(1) Note. This includes any condition sensor, comparison
circuitry, or output actuator. This subclass includes any
system in which only a part of the control path is
electrical.
Subclass:
400
Mechanical connection between input and speed regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
in which the control path between the sensed engine condition
and the actual engine speed regulator is mechanical.
Subclass:
401
Fluidic device between input and regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Subject matter
in which there is some fluidic device-hydraulic or
pneumatic-in the control path between the sensed engine
condition and the engine speed regulator.
(1) Note. This includes any condition sensor, comparison
device, or output actuator. This subclass includes any system
in which only a part of the control path is fluidic.
Subclass:
402
Charge volume varying (e.g., total amount of mixture fed to
engine is varied; relative amounts of air and fuel are
fixed):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
for regulating the speed of an internal combustion engine by
varying the volume at constant pressure of successive charge
of air-fuel mixture fed to the working cylinder.
(1) Note. The relative amount of air and fuel is fixed.
Subclass:
403
Throttling (e.g., volume varying using throttle valve):
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
in which the flow of fuel, oxidant, or combustible mixture to
the engine or mixing chamber is controlled by varying the
cross-sectional area of the mixture conduit or of the
conduits of the components of the mixture, thereby varying
the volume of charge for induction into the engine cylinder.
Subclass:
404
Suction operated supply valve lift regulating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
in which the volume of the charge of combustible mixture to
the engine is varied by controlling the degree of opening or
amount of lift of an intake valve whose operation is
dependent on the suction created in the cylinder during the
intake stroke.
Subclass:
405
By engine operated valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter
in which said device includes an engine driven valve and acts
either to open the valve to a variable degree during the
entire engine intake stroke, or open the valve during
variable portions of the intake stroke.
(1) Note. The regulator may include a valve to control the
flow of mixture or valves to individually control the flow of
the mixture constituents.
Subclass:
406.11
SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein (a) a short pulse or flow of electric
current which arcs across a pair of electrodes in the
combustion chamber is used to cause a mixture of combustible
material and oxidant in the combustion chamber to burn (i.e.,
spark ignition), (b) the engine has a point of piston travel
or crankshaft rotation during each combustion cycle at which
the spark ignition occurs (i.e., spark ignition timing), and
(c) the engine has a regulator means (i.e., control) to vary
spark ignition timing in response to a change in either (1)
an engine operating condition (e.g., temperature, load,
etc.), (2) an ambient operating condition (e.g., ambient
temperature, barometric pressure, etc.) or (3) the position
of a manually operated control device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146.5 for a mechanical ignition distributor in combination
with an internal combustion engine.
179.5 for control of spark ignition during starting which do
not include timing control.
329 for an engine speed regulator control responsive to a
deceleration mode including means to retard spark ignition
timing.
339.11 for idle speed control of an internal combustion
engine by regulating spark ignition timing.
594 for spark ignition systems which do not include timing
control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 19.01 for a
periodic circuit maker and breaker and subclasses 80+ for a
centrifugal circuit maker and breaker (e.g., an ignition
distributor, rotor or breaker points).
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 378, for means for
testing electrical ignition systems for internal combustion
engines
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housing, and Flexible Couplings
For Rotary Shafts, 1 for a particular relationship between a
rotary shaft of a component such as an ignition distributor
and ignition points.
Subclass:
406.12
Electronic control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.11. Subject
matter wherein the regulator means for varying spark ignition
timing includes an electrical component which either (a)
modifies an electrical input signal to the component, or (b)
creates an electrical output signal from the component.
(1) Note. An electronic control to be proper for this and
the indented subclasses must do more than merely complete a
circuit (e.g., a switch), it must modify the electrical input
signal being received or create an electrical output signal
(e.g., amplification, signal generation, signal processing,
signal control, etc.). Therefore, a transistor acting as a
switch would be proper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.67 for ignition timing control actuated by engine
vacuum.
406.75 for a centrifugal ignition timing mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 101 for a data processing system associated with
an internal-combustion engine, where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.13
With fail-safe, backup or malfunction detecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing includes electrical adjusting means that upon
detecting failure in a circuit or circuit element (a) shifts
operation (1) into a substitute circuit or (2) to a
substitute mechanism to accomplish the same function, or (b)
indicates functioning of the circuit or circuit element
outside of acceptable parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
519 for a fail-safe, backup or malfunction detecting circuit
for an engine fuel system having a fuel vapor recovery and
storage system having an absorbent canister.
568.15 for a fail-safe, backup, or malfunction detecting
means for an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system.
630 for a safety device for a high tension ignition system
which do not include timing control.
690 for a fail-safe, backup or malfunction detecting means
for an exhaust gas condition responsive combustion charge
forming device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing 378 for electrical
measuring and testing of internal combustion engine ignition
systems or device.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 107 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine designed to detect an abnormality in operating
conditions and carry out the appropriate sequence of
instructions to stabilize the air/fuel ratio or fuel
injection operation, where significant details of the
mechanical construction of the component or subsystem within
a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.14
Including spark failure responsive means (e.g., misfire):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.13. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing includes means to detect the omission of the short
pulse or flow of electric current which arcs across the pair
of electrodes in the combustion chamber of the internal
combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for a combustion charge forming device having means
responsive to cylinder temperature or pressure.
436 for a combustion charge forming device having means
responsive to an instantaneous change in engine speed (e.g.,
roughness).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for explosive-detonation or
knock measuring and testing, and subclasses 116+ for motor
and engine testing.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 399 for
electrical measuring and testing of spark plug condition.
Subclass:
406.15
Fuel sensor malfunction responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.13. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of a cessation of proper functioning (i.e.,
outside of normal operating parameters) of a transducer
sensitive to a characteristic of that component of the
combustible mixture which is consumed to produce energy
(i.e., fuel).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
479 for malfunction detecting circuit for an engine fuel
injection system having an electrically actuated fuel
injector.
Subclass:
406.16
Knock control malfunction responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.13. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of a cessation of proper functioning of a circuit
means which is responsive to an unusually high force (i.e.,
outside of normal operating parameters) of a shock wave
produced when the mixture of combustible material and oxidant
in the combustion chamber is detonated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.21 for an engine knock responsive spark ignition timing
control having closed loop feedback control with separate
control for each cylinder.
406.29 for an engine knock responsive spark ignition timing
electronic control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for explosive-detonation or
knock measuring and testing.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.17
Cylinder pressure sensor malfunction responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.13. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of a cessation of proper functioning of a
transducer which responds to changes of pressure of fluid
(e.g., combustible mixture, products of combustion, etc.) in
the combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.22 for an engine cylinder pressure responsive spark
ignition timing electronic control having closed loop
feedback control with separate control for each cylinder.
406.41 for an engine cylinder pressure responsive spark
ignition timing electronic control.
Subclass:
406.18
Engine shaft rotational position sensor malfunction
responsive (e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.13. Subject
matter wherein (a) the engine includes an elongated member
located in the engine block or in the cylinder head which
continuously turns in the same direction about its axis
during engine operation and transmits torque or motion and
(b) the regulating means is responsive to a signal indicative
of a cessation of proper functioning of a transducer which
responds to changes in rotational displacement of the
elongated member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.58 for an engine shaft rotational position responsive
spark ignition timing electronic control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for motor and engine
testing.
Subclass:
406.19
Closed loop feedback control of spark timing:
Subject matter under subclass 406.12 wherein the regulating
means (a) measures an actual engine parameter, and produces
an initial control output signal to alter spark ignition
timing, (b) compares the measured parameter to a target
value, and (c) if necessary, modifies the spark ignition
timing to cause the measured parameter to achieve the target
value.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 101 for a data processing system associated with
an internal-combustion engine, where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.2
Separate control for each cylinder:
Subject matter under subclass 406.19 wherein the regulating
means varies the spark ignition timing for each combustion
chamber individually.
Subclass:
406.21
Knock responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.2. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of an unusually high force (i.e., outside of
normal operating parameters) of a shock wave produced when
the mixture of combustible material and oxidant in the
combustion chamber is detonated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.16 for a spark ignition timing electronic control
responsive to engine knock control malfunction.
406.29 for an engine knock responsive spark ignition timing
electronic control without separate timing control for each
cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for explosive-detonation or
knock measuring and testing.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.22
Cylinder pressure responsive:
Subject matter under subclass 406.2 wherein the regulating
means is responsive to a signal indicative of the force per
unit area of either (a)the combustible material or (b) the
products of combustion in the combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.17 for a spark ignition timing electronic control which
is responsive to malfunction of an engine cylinder pressure
sensor.
406.41 for an engine cylinder pressure responsive spark
ignition timing electronic control without separate timing
control for each cylinder.
Subclass:
406.23
Engine output (e.g., torque, speed, horsepower) or fuel
consumption optimization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.19. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means responds to a signal
indicative of either (a) the power or force produced by the
internal combustion engine, or (b) the rate at which the
combustible material is burned, and (c) continuously varies
the spark ignition timing to obtain either (1) the best
attainable power or force produced by the engine, or (2) the
best rate, for a given set of conditions, at which the supply
of the combustible material is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
436 for a charge forming device including means responsive
to instantaneous change in engine speed.
Subclass:
406.24
Including means responsive to the instantaneous change in
engine speed (e.g., roughness, unstable combustion, etc.):
Subject matter under subclass 406.19 wherein the regulating
means is responsive to sudden variations in the rate of
rotation of an engine output shaft.
(1) Note. The patents placed in this and the indented
subclass must at least sense and respond to instantaneous
changes in engine speed. Those patents which sense and
respond to changes in the combustion chamber without sensing
instantaneous changes in engine speed are classified in the
subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.2 for an engine spark ignition timing control having a
closed loop feedback control with separate control for each
cylinder.
406.26 for an engine spark timing control responsive to
sensed changes within the combustion chamber.
436 for a charge forming device including means responsive
to instantaneous change in engine speed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.25
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.24. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a sudden
demand for an increase or decrease in the power or torque
output of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.5 for an open loop spark ignition timing control
responsive to an acceleration or deceleration engine
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for internal-combustion
engine testing, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 110 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to include the regulation of the vehicle
speed, acceleration, or deceleration, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.26
Combustion condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.19. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means senses a characteristic
or parameter indicative of the state of burning of the
combustible mixture (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.) and
uses such information to modify spark ignition timing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for a combustion charge forming device having means
responsive to cylinder temperature or pressure.
Subclass:
406.27
Combustion failure responsive (e.g., misfire):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.26. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing includes means to detect a complete omission of the
burning of the combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
436 for a charge forming device including means responsive
to instantaneous change in engine speed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for engine testing.
Subclass:
406.28
Combustion condition sensed by optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.26. Subject
matter wherein the condition or parameter is detected by a
transducer responsive to visible, infrared, or ultraviolet
radiation within the combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for an optical sensor for
detecting a combustion condition.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for an optical
sensor, per se.
Subclass:
406.29
Engine knock responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.26. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of an unusually high force (i.e., outside of
normal operating parameters) of a shock wave produced when
the combustible mixture of combustible material and oxidant
in the combustion chamber is detonated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.16 for a spark ignition timing electronic control
responsive to knock control malfunction.
406.21 for a spark ignition timing electronic control having
a closed loop feedback control of timing with a separate
knock responsive control for each cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.01 for explosive-detonation or
knock measuring and testing.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.3
Fuel quality or composition signal responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.29. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is additionally responsive to a signal indicative of
either (a) how well the combustible material burns (e.g.,
octane rating, grade) or (b) the relative proportion of
constituent chemicals in the combustible material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses, especially
53.01 for a fuel quality or composition sensing, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 103 for digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control the air/fuel ratio or the
injection of fuel based on engine operating conditions or
environmental conditions, where significant details of the
mechanical construction of the component or subsystem within
a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.31
Alcohol concentration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.3. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is additionally responsive to a signal indicative of
the relative proportion of a colorless, volatile, flammable
liquid, produced by yeast fermentation of carbohydrates or,
synthetically, by hydration of ethylene (e.g., C2H5OH) (i.e.,
alcohol) per unit of volume of combustible material.
Subclass:
406.32
Having a plurality of speed/load maps related to fuel quality
or composition:
Subject matter under subclass 406.3 wherein the regulating
means to vary spark ignition timing includes (a) more than
one digital memory table addressed by both the rate of
rotation of the engine output shaft and the resistance to
rotation of the engine output shaft and (b) wherein one of
the tables is selected according to the signal indicative of
either (1) how well the combustible material burns (e.g.,
octane rating, grade) or (2) the relative proportion of
constituent chemicals in the combustible material (e.g.,
composition).
(1) Note. The engine load may be indicated by fuel
injection quantity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 115 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, includes specific structure to function either as
data storage or as an information interconnecting device,
where significant details of the mechanical construction of
the component or subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.33
With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning):
Subject matter under subclass 406.29 wherein the regulating
means to vary spark ignition timing includes an information
storage section for storing values of spark ignition timing
adjustment, the values being stored at a plurality of memory
locations, and wherein the stored values may be replaced by
newly determined values to produce the desired spark ignition
timing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 106 the digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to indicate information or control the
air/fuel ratio or fuel injection by the manipulation of a
value of a predetermined function of antecedent and
consequent operations corresponding to the operating
conditions of the combustion engine, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed
Subclass:
406.34
Modification of knock signal by engine operating condition
signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.29. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing (a) generates a signal indicative of a measured actual
engine operational parameter (e.g., engine speed, engine
temperature), (b) produces an initial control output signal
indicative of the unusually high force (i.e., outside of
normal operating parameters) of the shock wave produced when
the combustible mixture of combustible material and oxidant
in the combustion chamber is detonated, and (c) changes or
interrupts the initial control output signal in response to
the signal indicative of the measured actual engine
operational parameter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.35
Engine operating condition is load or speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.34. Subject
matter wherein the operational parameter is indicative of
either (a) a resistance to rotation of an engine output
shaft, or (b) the rate of rotation of (1) the engine output
shaft, or (2) of a component driven by the engine output
shaft.
(1) Note. The engine load may be indicated by an intake
manifold pressure, throttle position, or intake airflow
quantity signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 110 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to include the regulation of the vehicle
speed, acceleration, or deceleration, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.36
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.35. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a sudden
demand for either (a) an increase in the power or torque
output of the engine or (b) a decrease in the power or torque
output of the engine.
(1) Note. Acceleration or deceleration may be indicated by
the rate of change of engine speed or load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.5 for an acceleration or deceleration responsive spark
ignition timing electronic control which is not responsive to
combustion condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for internal-combustion
engine testing, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 110 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to include the regulation of the vehicle
speed, acceleration, or deceleration, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.37
Having specific knock detecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.29. Subject
matter including a particular structural aspect of either (a)
the transducer for sensing a characteristic of the force of
the shock wave or (b) the complete path of an electric
current, including the generating apparatus, intervening
resistors, or capacitors for sensing a characteristic of the
force of the shock wave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 35.07 for explosive-detonation or
knock measuring and testing.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.38
Knock frequency distribution pattern responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.37. Subject
matter wherein an amplitude of the signal indicative of the
unusually high force (i.e., outside of normal operating
parameters) of the shock wave produced when the combustible
mixture of combustible material and oxidant in the combustion
chamber is detonated is measured, and the amplitude
measurements of the signal are classified according to the
number of occurrences per unit of time.
(1) Note. The pattern may be represented as a graph
plotting frequency of knock signals against knock signal
amplitude measurements.
Subclass:
406.39
Knock signal counting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.37. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means totals the signals
indicative of the unusually high force (i.e., outside of
normal operating parameters) of the shock wave produced when
the combustible mixture of combustible material and oxidant
in the combustion chamber is detonated is measured over a
predetermined interval.
(1) Note. The predetermined interval may be a period defined
by a specific number of engine rotations, a particular
portion of one engine rotation, or a predetermined time
period.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control or sense vibration, roughness, or
knocking condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.4
And specific system component mounting or location details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.37. Subject
matter including a particular structural aspect of a means
for attaching to the engine either (a) a portion of the
regulating means or (b) the transducer for sensing a
characteristic of the force of the shock wave.
Subclass:
406.41
Engine cylinder pressure responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.26. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means is responsive to a signal
indicative of the force per unit area of either (a)the
combustible material or (b) the products of combustion in the
combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.17 for a spark ignition timing electronic control
responsive to malfunction of an engine cylinder pressure
sensor.
406.22 for a spark ignition timing electronic control with
closed loop feed back control for each engine cylinder
separately, the control being responsive to engine cylinder
pressure.
435 for an internal combustion engine charge forming device
responsive to engine cylinder pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 115 for a device for
testing engine cylinder pressure as related to engine
performance.
Subclass:
406.42
Peak pressure responsive:
Subject matter under subclass 406.41 wherein the regulating
means is responsive to the point in a combustion event at
which the force per unit area of either (a) the combustible
material or (b) the products of combustion in the combustion
chamber reaches the greatest magnitude.
Subclass:
406.43
Responsive to derivative, integral or average of pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.41. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing (a) receives a signal indicative of the force
per unit area of the fluid in the combustion chamber, and (b)
either (1) determines a rate of change of the force per unit
area as a function of time, (2) determines on a continuous
basis the total value of the force per unit area being
measured as a function of time, or (3) determines on a
continuous basis the sum of the forces per unit area measured
divided by the number of force per unit area measurements
taken.
(1) Note.The signal indicative of the pressure within the
combustion chamber may be treated to remove noise or
distortion.
Subclass:
406.44
Exhaust gas condition responsive control of spark timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.19. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is responsive to a signal indicative of characteristic
or parameter of the products of combustion (e.g.,
composition, temperature, pressure, etc.) of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
672 for an internal combustion engine charge forming device
responsive to exhaust gas condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 108 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control the air/fuel ratio or fuel
injection to change the exhaust gas system, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed, subclass 109 for
a digital or programmed data processing system associated
with an internal combustion engine where exhaust gas
circulation is controlled or modified in response to a sensed
oxygen content in the exhaust gas, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.45
Including control of combustible mixture or a constituent
thereof (e.g., air, fuel, exhaust gas):
Subject matter under subclass 406.12 wherein the regulating
means to vary spark ignition timing includes means to vary
either (a) the (1) amount of or (2) timing of the supply of a
component of the combustible mixture to the combustion
chamber or (b) the relative proportion of the components of
the combustible mixture supplied to the combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
434 for a charge forming device for an internal combustion
engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for apparatus adapted to produce an intimate contact between
gases and liquids, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 103 for digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control the air/fuel ratio or the
injection of fuel based on engine operating conditions or
environmental conditions, where significant details of the
mechanical construction of the component or subsystem within
a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.46
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
Subject matter under subclass 406.45 wherein the regulating
means to vary spark ignition timing is responsive to a sudden
demand for either (a) an increase in the power or torque
output of the engine or (b) a decrease in the power or torque
output of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.25 for an internal combustion engine closed loop spark
ignition timing electronic control responsive to engine speed
roughness, and acceleration or deceleration.
406.36 for an internal combustion engine closed loop spark
ignition timing electronic control responsive to engine
knock, and acceleration or deceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for internal-combustion
engine testing, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 110 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to include the regulation of the vehicle
speed, acceleration, or deceleration, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.47
With fuel injection control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.45. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing further adjusts the spraying of liquid fuel into
either (a) a passage in communication with an inlet port of
the combustion chamber (i.e., an intake manifold) or (b) the
combustion chamber of the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for a charge forming device for an internal combustion
engine having a an actuator circuit for an electrically
actuated fuel injector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Sprinkling, Spraying and Diffusing, 88, 533.2+ and 584+
for particular fuel injector structure, per se for internal
combustion engines.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 103 for digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control the air/fuel ratio or the
injection of fuel based on engine operating conditions or
environmental conditions, where significant details of the
mechanical construction of the component or subsystem within
a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.48
With exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.45. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing further varies either (a) the returning of the
products of combustion exhausted from the engine combustion
chamber (i.e., exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)) either (1) to
a passage in communication with an inlet port of the
combustion chamber (i.e., an intake manifold) or (2) directly
to the combustion chamber for subsequent re-burning or (b)
regulates the amount of the products of combustion which are
retained in the combustion chamber for re-burning during a
successive combustion event (i.e., internal exhaust gas
recirculation).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
568.21 an internal combustion engine charge forming device
having exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture and
electrical actuator control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 108 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to control the air/fuel ratio or fuel
injection to change the exhaust gas system, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.49
Barometric pressure responsive:
Subject matter under subclass 406.12 wherein the regulating
means to vary spark ignition timing is responsive to ambient
atmospheric pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.68 for a spark ignition timing control utilizing engine
vacuum and responsive to barometric pressure.
Subclass:
406.5
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is responsive to either (a)a sudden demand for an
increase in the power or the torque output of the engine, or
(b) a sudden demand for a decrease in the power or the torque
output of the engine.
(1) Note. Acceleration or deceleration may be indicated by
the rate of change of engine speed or load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.25 for an internal combustion engine closed loop spark
ignition timing electronic control responsive to engine speed
roughness, and acceleration or deceleration.
406.36 for an internal combustion engine closed loop spark
ignition timing electronic control responsive to engine
knock, and acceleration or deceleration.
406.46 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing electronic control which also includes fuel or
combustible mixture control and is responsive to engine
acceleration or deceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 116 for internal-combustion
engine testing, per se.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 110 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to include the regulation of the vehicle
speed, acceleration, or deceleration, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.51
Acceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.5. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is responsive to a sudden demand for an increase in
the power or the torque output of the engine.
Subclass:
406.52
Throttle position responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is responsive to the orientation of a means for
varying the cross-sectional area of a fuel and oxidant
mixture forming conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.74 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing control having a mechanical or hydraulic link to a
throttle valve.
Subclass:
406.53
Starting condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing detects and is responsive to an engine operational
parameter during or before the engine is attempted to be put
in operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179.5 for control of spark ignition during starting which
does not include timing control.
594 for spark ignition systems which do not include timing
control, and especially, 639, for a multiple spark ignition
system using a vibrator for multiple sparks upon starting,
and subclass 641 for a dual ignition system having one
ignition system for starting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 113 for digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, designed to sense or control the starting condition
or warmup condition of the engine, where significant details
of the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.54
Start detected by engine speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.53. Subject
matter wherein the engine operational parameter is the rate
of rotation of an engine output shaft during or before the
engine is attempted to be put in operation that is sensed to
be at a rate below a minimum normal operating rate.
Subclass:
406.55
Temperature responsive (e.g., ambient, engine, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing is responsive to the temperature of either
(a) an engine component, (b) engine fluid, or (c) the ambient
environment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for temperature
measuring devices, per se.
Subclass:
406.56
With magneto:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein an electric generator is driven by the engine,
the electric generator has a rotating armature for converting
energy from a mechanical to an electrical state by means of
an electromagnetic effect, and the electric generator
supplies ignition current for the internal combustion
engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for internal combustion engine magneto structure, per
se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses for magneto structure of general utility, per se.
Subclass:
406.57
And capacitor discharge for ignition spark energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.56. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing includes (a) a capacitor, (b) means to charge the
capacitor, and (c) means to discharge the capacitor through
an ignition coil primary winding thereby creating the high
voltage used for combustible mixture ignition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.66 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing electronic control responsive to engine shaft
rotational speed and including an RC timing circuit.
599 for an internal combustion engine having a capacitor
discharge powered by a magneto ignition circuit.
Subclass:
406.58
Having engine shaft rotational position signal generator
(e.g., crank shaft, cam shaft):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.12. Subject
matter wherein (a) the engine includes an elongated member
located in the engine block or in the cylinder head which
continuously turns in the same direction about its axis
during engine operation and transmits torque or motion and
(b) the regulating means to vary spark ignition timing
includes a transducer which generates an output signal
indicative of the rotational displacement of the elongated
member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
612 for an internal combustion engine high tension ignition
system having an engine component position sensor.
Subclass:
406.59
Speed responsive timing control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.58. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing is further responsive to the rate of rotation of the
elongated member.
Subclass:
406.6
Having counter or addressable memory (e.g., digital timing
circuit):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.59. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means to vary spark ignition
timing includes a component which either (a) accumulates a
total number of input pulses over a predetermined interval or
(b) has an information storage section for a value for
calculating ignition timing, the information storage section
has a label (e.g., integer, symbol, other set of characters,
etc.) designating a location where the information is stored
for subsequent recall, and the information is directed to the
respective label by a signal indicative of an engine
parameter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.33 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing electronic control responsive to engine knock and
having a digital memory.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 115 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal combustion
engine, includes specific structure to function either as
data storage or as an information interconnecting device,
where significant details of the mechanical construction of
the component or subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.61
Plural engine shaft position sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.6. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing is responsive to more than one transducer
which generate the output signal indicative of the rotational
position of the same or a different elongated member.
Subclass:
406.62
Position sensors at separate shafts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.61. Subject
matter wherein (a) one of the transducers that generates the
output signal indicative of the rotational position of the
elongated member monitors one elongated member and (b)
another transducer generates another output signal indicative
of the rotational position of another elongated member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for
position sensors, per se.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses, especially 207.11 for magnetic apparatus for
measuring rotary displacement per se.
Subclass:
406.63
Position sensors having different pulse rates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.61. Subject
matter wherein (a) the output signal from the transducer
indicating rotational position of the elongated member is in
the form of a momentary, sudden fluctuation in an electrical
quantity (e.g., voltage or current) per unit of time, and (b)
the output signal from another transducer indicating
rotational position of an elongated member is in the form of
another momentary, sudden fluctuation in an electrical
quantity (e.g., voltage or current) per unit of time, and (c)
the fluctuations per unit time are not the same.
Subclass:
406.64
Memory addressed by engine speed or load:
Subject matter under subclass 406.6 wherein (a) the
information storage section has a label (e.g., integer,
symbol, other set of characters, etc.) designating a location
where the information is stored for subsequent recall, and
(b) the information is directed to the respective label by
(1) a signal indicative of the rate of rotation of the
elongated member, or (2) a signal indicative of the
resistance to rotation of the elongated member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.35 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
electronic timing control responsive to engine knock and
engine speed or load.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 101 for a data processing system associated with
an internal-combustion engine, where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed, especially subclass 115 for
a digital or programmed data processing system which includes
specific structure to function either as data storage or as
an information interconnecting device, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.65
With microprocessor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.64. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing includes an integrated computer circuit that
performs all of the functions of a central processing unit
for retrieving information from the information storage
section according to a prestored program to either generate
or change an output signal in response to a variation in an
input signal, the input signal being indicative of the rate
of rotation of the elongated member in the engine block.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 101 for a data processing system associated with
an internal-combustion engine, where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed, especially subclass 115 for
a digital or programmed data processing which includes
specific structure to function either as data storage or as
an information interconnecting device, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
406.66
With resistor/capacitor (RC) timing circuit (e.g.,
multivibrator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.59. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing includes both (a) an electrical conductor
which opposes the passage of electrical current and (b) a
component for accumulating and holding a charge of
electricity, the component consisting of two equally charged
conducting surfaces having opposite polarity signs, the
surfaces being separated by a dielectric (e.g., condenser)
and wherein the ignition timing is determined by a measured
charge or discharge interval of the component for
accumulating and holding a charge.
Subclass:
406.67
Vacuum timing control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.11. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing includes an actuation device which has an
enclosed space from which a gas (e.g., intake air) has been
partially removed so that the gas remaining in the space
exerts less pressure than the atmosphere.
Subclass:
406.68
Barometric pressure responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.67. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing is responsive to the pressure of the ambient
atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.49 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
electronic control responsive to barometric pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 384 for barometric pressure
measuring devices, per se.
Subclass:
406.69
Condition responsive valve in fluid path from vacuum source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.67. Subject
matter wherein the actuation device includes a means for
varying the cross-sectional area of a fluid conducting
conduit between the enclosed space and a source of gas at
less than atmospheric pressure in response to an operational
parameter of the internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
406.7
Temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.69. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing is responsive to changes in temperature of
either (a) an engine component, (b) an engine fluid, or (c)
the ambient environment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406.55 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing electronic control responsive to temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for temperature
measuring devices, per se.
Subclass:
406.71
Fluid delay between vacuum source and actuator (e.g., fixed
restriction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.67. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means includes an element which
hinders the flow of gas at less than atmospheric pressure
between (a) the source of the gas at less than atmospheric
pressure and (b) the enclosed space that supplies and
transmits a measured amount of energy for varying spark
ignition timing.
Subclass:
406.72
Increasing vacuum retards spark timing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.67. Subject
matter wherein an increase in the force provided by the gas
at less than atmospheric pressure (i.e., a decrease in the
pressure of the gas) causes a delay in occurrence of the
short pulse or flow of electric current which arcs across the
pair of electrodes in the combustion chamber during a
combustion cycle.
Subclass:
406.73
Plural diaphragms or actuators:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.67. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means includes either (a) more
than one thin flexible wall which separates a chamber for the
gas at less than atmospheric pressure or (b) more than one
actuation device.
Subclass:
406.74
Mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or
accelerator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.11. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing includes either a mechanical or hydraulic
linkage connection to either (a) a means for varying the
cross-sectional area of a combustible mixture forming
conduit, or (b) to a device which is manually adjusted by an
operator for controlling the rate of rotation of an engine
output shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
395 for an engine speed regulator which has an open loop
condition responsive control.
406.52 for an internal combustion engine spark ignition
timing electronic control responsive to engine throttle
position.
Subclass:
406.75
Centrifugal timing mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.11. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means for varying spark
ignition timing includes a rotating mass for producing a
mechanical movement dependent upon the rate of rotation of
the engine output shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 19 for a
periodic circuit maker and breaker, and subclasses 80+ for a
centrifugal circuit maker and breaker.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housing, and Flexible Couplings
for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses, especially 6 for
a speed responsive device for adjusting the relative
rotational position of coupled members.
Subclass:
406.76
Spark delay actuated or deactuated by starting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406.11. Subject
matter wherein the regulating means postpones spark ignition
in response to operation of a device to initiate rotation of
the engine.
(1) Note. The devices classified herein are typically used
in an engine having a hand operated mechanical starter, or a
starter motor operating device.
Subclass:
429
COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS COMBINED WITH AIR-FUEL MIXTURE
FORMING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which a combination of combustion chamber
means and charge-forming means is claimed.
(1) Note. A particular relationship between the cyclic
movement of the piston within the cylinder or the design of
the combustion chamber and the formation or disposition of
the mixture charge within the combustion chamber is usually
disclosed.
(2) Note. The charge-forming means may be of any type except
direct fuel injection of "all" fuel into the combustion
chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for a combination of a combustion chamber and direct
injection of all fuel.
Subclass:
430
Stratification in combustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter
in which the combination of combustion chamber and
charge-forming device is designed to produce a nonhomogeneous
combustible mixture or charge in the combustion chamber.
Subclass:
431
Having a single combustible mixture inlet combined with means
for injecting additional fuel into the combustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter
in which the combustion chamber has a single inlet passage
for mixture entry and also has an injector means for
injecting additional fuel directly into the combustion
chamber.
Subclass:
432
Air or combustible mixture entering the combustion chamber
through plural inlets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Subject matter
in which the combustion chamber contains more than one inlet
port for air or the combustible mixture.
Subclass:
433
One inlet is uncovered by piston travel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter
in which one of the air or mixture inlet ports is constructed
so as to be controlled by the engine piston.
Subclass:
434
CHARGE-FORMING DEVICE (E.G., POLLUTION CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means for forming a mixture of fuel
and an oxidant, or an accessory therefor not provided for
elsewhere.
(1) Note. The device may use airflow through it to entrain
the fuel (carburetor) or may force the fuel under pressure
into the air (fuel injection). Fuel may be injected into the
air intake or directly into the combustion chamber of an
associated engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 482 for control of fuel supply
in response to variations of barometric pressure in
combustion engine induction type flow control.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 38 for carburetors,
per se, including those with thermostatic or vacuum
controls.
Subclass:
435
Including cylinder pressure or temperature responsive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the air-fuel mixture is adjusted in the charge
former in response to cylinder pressure or temperature.
Subclass:
436
Including means responsive to the instantaneous change in
engine speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device includes means to
determine instantaneous changes in engine speed (roughness)
and adjust the quality of the air-fuel mixture accordingly.
Subclass:
437
Auxiliary control of carburetor fuel metering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device is a carburetor in which
fuel flow is primarily controlled or adjusted by venturi
metering means with auxiliary fuel flow control means
responsive to engine parameters other than vacuum or
temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 38 for carburetors
having auxiliary metering control means responsive to vacuum
or temperature.
Subclass:
438
By electrical or electronic control system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter
wherein the auxiliary control means utilizes some form of
electrical or electronic circuitry in its sensing or
controlling action.
Subclass:
439
Variable venturi carburetor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter
in which the carburetor is of the type having an airflow
venturi that is variable in size.
Subclass:
441
By mechanical speed sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter
in which the means used to adjust fuel flow is mechanically
responsive to engine speed.
Subclass:
442
Injection or carburetion system having a series of throttle
valves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device has more than one throttle
valve in series flow relation in the engine intake.
Subclass:
443
Alternate or simultaneous lean-rich:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device alternately or
simultaneously supplies rich mixture to some of the engine
cylinders and lean mixture to the remaining engine
cylinders.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes those charge-forming
devices which switch from a lean or rich mixture to all
cylinders to a lean or rich mixture to less than all
cylinders.
Subclass:
444
Having fluidic logic control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein the charge-forming device includes some type of
fluidic logic or fluidic amplifying device.
Subclass:
445
Fuel injection system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device is of the type that forces
the fuel under pressure into the air to form the mixture.
Subclass:
446
Fuel pump flow regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
in which means is provided between the output of a fuel
injector supply pump and a fuel injector nozzle to control or
adjust the amount of fuel delivered to the engine.
Subclass:
447
With accumulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
wherein the means used to regulate the flow includes some
type of fuel accumulator used to store some quantity of fuel
generally under system pressure.
(1) Note. These accumulators are commonly of the spring or
air-compressing type.
Subclass:
448
Sequential distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
in which the means between the pump and injector is a device
that directs the fuel to the engine cylinders in a
predetermined sequence.
Subclass:
449
Rotary and reciprocating distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter
wherein the distributor valving member rotates and
reciprocates with one of these motions performing the
distributing of the fuel.
(1) Note. Generally the rotary motion distributes the fuel
and the reciprocating motion is a fuel-pumping stroke, or an
injection-timing or fuel quantity-metering adjustment.
Subclass:
450
Rotary distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter
in which the device contains a valving member that rotates
about its axis to sequentially direct the fuel to the engine
cylinders.
Subclass:
451
Reciprocating distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Subject matter
in which the device contains a valving member that
reciprocates to sequentially direct fuel to the respective
engine cylinders.
Subclass:
452
Nonsequential distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
wherein fuel is delivered to all said engine injectors
simultaneously.
Subclass:
453
Enrichment of the combustible mixture for cold starting or
cold running:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
containing means to effect mixture enrichment during engine
cold starting or running conditions. Said means to enrich the
mixture may be part of the distributor or a separate device.
Subclass:
454
Equal pressure valve type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein the distributor includes fuel metering valves that
are operated by a difference in pressure.
(1) Note. This difference in pressure is the same for all
metering valves. Pressurized fuel is usually used as the
pressure source.
Subclass:
455
Distributor and metering unit are in common housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein the distributor that directs the fuel to the
individual injectors and the fuel flow metering unit that
determines how much fuel will flow to the injectors are
contained in a common enclosure.
Subclass:
456
Common rail system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter
wherein the distributor is a fuel supply conduit containing
outlets for fuel to flow to all the injectors.
(1) Note. Pressurized fuel is always present in the
conduit.
Subclass:
457
Regulating means adjusts fuel pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Subject matter
wherein the flow rate of the fuel is regulated by controlling
the fuel pressure in the system.
Subclass:
458
Electric regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the regulator means is electrically operated or
electrically controlled to adjust the fuel pressure.
Subclass:
459
Bleed off valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the pressure regulator adjusts the fuel pressure by
bleeding some of the fuel.
(1) Note. Usually the bleed fuel is returned to the tank or
pump inlet.
Subclass:
460
Series regulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein said regulating means is between the pump and
injector, and all fuel pumped flows through the regulator.
(1) Note. The regulator adjusts or throttles the fuel flow
by changing the area of the fuel flow path.
Subclass:
461
Having vapor returned to tank or pump inlet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
including means to recycle fuel vapor to the fuel tank or to
the inlet of the fuel pump.
(1) Note. The vapor returned means may or may not be part of
the pressure regulator.
Subclass:
462
By throttle control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
including means to adjust fuel pressure in accordance with
the position of the engine throttle valve.
Subclass:
463
Manifold pressure responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
including means to adjust the fuel pressure in accordance
with the pressure in the intake manifold of the engine.
Subclass:
464
Temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein said regulating means is a temperature sensor.
Subclass:
465
Barometric responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the regulating means responds to barometric or
atmospheric pressure.
Subclass:
466
Having an antitampering device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein said regulating means includes means to sense or
determine if said regulating means has been tampered with.
(1) Note. The device may sense abnormal fuel pressure and
take corrective action, such as engine shutoff, or may only
indicate that the regulating means has been tampered with.
Subclass:
467
Drip prevention means at injector nozzle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
wherein the system includes means to prevent drip or drool at
the nozzle when injection is not occurring.
(1) Note. The device may, for example, positively hold the
injector closed, or bleed excess fuel from the injector or
fuel line to a fuel storage tank means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 533.02 for
injector nozzle structure.
Subclass:
468
Having a specific shape, material, or location of the fuel
line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
wherein significance is attributed to the construction,
material, or position of the fuel line.
Subclass:
469
Specific fuel line mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter
wherein means is provided for fastening or mounting said fuel
line.
Subclass:
470
Injection nozzle mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
including means to secure the injection to the engine.
Subclass:
471
Nozzle isolated from manifold vacuum effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter
wherein said injection nozzle is secured to the engine in a
manner that prevents manifold vacuum from sucking fuel from
the nozzle, or otherwise modifying fuel flow from said
nozzle.
Subclass:
472
Electrically actuated injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter
in which the fuel injection system includes a valve means
that is electrically actuated to control the flow of
pressurized fuel into the engine intake or combustion
chamber, and further includes switching means to direct
electrical current to actuate the injection valve.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for subcombinations that include electronic calculating
or computing circuitry between the switching means and a
nominal injector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, 585.1 for
electromagnetic injector valves, per se.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 129.01 for electromagnetic
valves, per se.
Subclass:
473
Mechanically actuated switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
having means whereby the switch means which controls the fuel
valve-actuating current is mechanically actuated, e.g., by a
cam.
Subclass:
474
Ignition distributor used as a switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Subject matter
in which the switching means is the distributor switch used
to direct the electrical energy to the individual spark plugs
of the engine.
Subclass:
475
Actuated by ignition pulse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
in which the injector valve actuating current is controlled
by means that senses current flow in the primary or secondary
of the engine ignition coil.
Subclass:
476
Magnetically actuated switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
in which magnetic means is used to effect switching of the
electrical current to actuate the injector valve.
Subclass:
477
Radiation actuated switching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
in which the injector valve-actuating current is switched by
a radiation actuated device (e.g., light, etc.).
Subclass:
478
Actuator circuit (e.g., engine condition responsive
electronic circuit actuates injector valve):
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
wherein the said fuel injector valve is controlled by an
electronic circuit having at least one engine parameter
sensing means to determine the correct amount of fuel to be
metered to the engine.
Subclass:
479
Backup systems, fail-safe, and failure indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the system includes means to provide backup
operation, or physical indication upon failure of any part of
the system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location,
subclass 114 for backup, interrupt, reset, test of
internal-combustion engines which include digital or
programmable data processors.
Subclass:
480
Having microprocessor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the injector valve-actuating circuit includes a
microprocessor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location,
particularly subclass 102 for microprocessor control of a
power plant.
Subclass:
481
Engine cylinder cutout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
in which fuel injection to some portion of but not all of the
engine cylinders is interrupted in response to a
predetermined condition.
(1) Note. The condition is usually low load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for other devices which cutout one or more cylinders.
Subclass:
482
Circuit activates valve for continuous fuel flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said circuit controls the injector valve for metered
continuous fuel flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
497 for a circuit that generates a continuous output signal
that drives an electric pump.
Subclass:
483
Having plural multivibrators:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said injector valve control means includes a circuit
having more than one multivibrator circuit therein.
Subclass:
484
Having single multivibrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said injector valve control means includes a circuit
which employs a single monostable, bistable, or a stable
multivibrator circuit at some stage between the input
parameter sensor and a means motivating the injector valve.
Subclass:
485
Having ramp generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said injector valve control means includes a circuit
which utilizes a ramp or staircase generator in a computing
or decision making process.
Subclass:
486
Having a digital memory addressed by an engine parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein a digital memory is addressed by the output of an
engine parameter sensor to retrieve a stored valve
corresponding to the correct fuel output for each particular
input from the sensor, thereby actuating the injector valve
to provide the correct amount of fuel to the engine.
Subclass:
487
Having an up or up-down counter in circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said injector valve control means includes up or
up-down counter means.
Subclass:
488
Subcircuit operates on a parameter sensor output before input
to main fuel control (e.g., function generator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the circuit employs a subcircuit, generally a type of
function generator, between the engine parameter sensor and
the input to the decision making or computing section of the
circuit, so that for every input to the subcircuit there is a
predetermined output to the injector fuel control valve.
Subclass:
490
Injector solenoid drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said circuit has a decision making or computing
section and employs a particular subcircuit connected to the
output of that section to amplify or alternatively switch the
output of said circuit to a particular injector valve or
group of valves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for
circuits for driving electromagnetic devices.
Subclass:
491
Starting condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said circuit responds to an engine-starting condition
or engine warm-up period to alter the fuel metering
accordingly.
Subclass:
492
Acceleration or full load condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said circuit responds to (a) an engine acceleration
(rapid load or power output increase), or (b) full load
operating mode to alter fuel metering accordingly.
(1) Note. This usually enriches the mixture.
Subclass:
493
Deceleration condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein said circuit responds to an engine "deceleration"
condition, generally denoted by high manifold vacuum and rpm
above idle, signifying a rapid power decline of the engine,
or where the engine is driven by the load.
Subclass:
494
Having specific transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
in which the construction or other feature of a sensor or
transducer used in the system is significantly claimed.
Subclass:
495
With fuel pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
(a) for supplying fuel to a charge-forming device, or (b) for
supplying fuel directly to the working cylinder or combustion
chamber of an engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, 26 for lubricating oil pumps.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 34.1 for accelerator
pumps for carburetors.
417, Pumps, 236 and 321+ for pumps, per se, and pumps with
nominal engine recitation for a statement of the line between
Class 123 and Class 417; see the search note to Class 417 in
the class definition of this class.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 40 for rotary
expansible chamber devices, per se.
Subclass:
496
Variable rate of injection stroke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump includes means to vary the speed of a pump
working member so as to vary the rate at which fuel is forced
from the pump chamber.
Subclass:
497
Electric fuel pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump is electrically driven or its operation is
electrically controlled.
Subclass:
498
Piezoelectric drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member which is driven by a
piezoelectric crystal or the crystal itself is the pump
working member.
Subclass:
499
Solenoid drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 497. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member which is driven by an
electromagnetic solenoid.
(1) Note. Pump working member may be the solenoid armature.
Subclass:
500
Variable beginning and ending of pumping stroke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member having constant length
strokes and a control means to vary the points during the
travel of working member pumping stroke where pumping action
will both begin and end.
Subclass:
501
Variable beginning of pumping stroke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member having constant length
strokes and a control means to vary the point during the
travel of the working member pumping stroke where pumping
action will begin.
(1) Note. Control means may vary the angular relationship
between pump drive shaft and the driven shaft powered by the
engine to control timing.
Subclass:
502
Fluid pressure control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Subject matter
wherein said control means utilizes fluid pressure in its
operation, e.g., air, lubricant, fuel.
Subclass:
503
Variable ending of pumping stroke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member having constant length
strokes and a control means to vary the point during the
travel of the working member pumping stroke where pumping
action will end.
Subclass:
504
Variable stroke:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the actual physical stroke length of the pump may be
varied to control fuel delivery, e.g., as with a variable
stop which limits the pump piston travel.
Subclass:
505
Fuel pump and intake air controls interconnected:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
in which means is provided to associate the engine air intake
control means with the pump output control means to provide a
desired relationship between fuel and air flow.
Subclass:
506
Having pressure relief valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein valve means is provided to relieve the pump output
pressure under certain conditions.
(1) Note. This means may be incorporated in the pump or may
be located externally.
Subclass:
507
Pumping member driven by a piston or valve of the internal
combustion engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
in which the pump has a working member which is driven either
by (a) a working piston, or (b) a valve of the associated
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
508
Pumping member driven by the internal combustion engine valve
operating mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein the pump has a working member which is actuated by
some part of the engine intake or exhaust valve driving
mechanism, e.g., injection pump piston is driven by rocker
arm or intake valve actuating mechanism.
Subclass:
509
Specific location or mounting of pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
in which a special (a) location, or (b) mounting means for
the pump is claimed.
Subclass:
510
Fuel flow regulation between the pump and the charge-forming
device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
having regulator means located in a fuel flow path between a
pump discharge and a charge-forming device (e.g., carburetor)
to modify or control the fuel pressure or rate of flow to
said device.
(1) Note. The device may be a simple pressure-regulating
valve controlled by a spring or a regulator controlled by
engine parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 455 for pressure regulators and
flow-regulating devices, per se.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 34.1 for
condition-responsive control of fuel flow into a carburetor
float bowl.
Subclass:
511
Regulator means adjusts fuel pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein means in the fuel path regulates the pressure of the
fuel delivered to the charge former.
Subclass:
512
Engine parameter responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 511. Subject matter
in which the regulating means adjusts fuel pressure in
response to an operating condition of the associated internal
combustion engine.
Subclass:
513
Environmental condition responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 511. Subject matter
wherein the regulator responds to some environmental
condition such as ambient air temperature or pressure.
Subclass:
514
Excess fuel returned to tank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
in which the regulator includes means to return excess fuel
delivered by the pump to the fuel tank or pump inlet.
(1) Note. The means to return excess fuel may be a single
constant bleed-off orifice.
Subclass:
515
Regulator controls flow of a plurality of fuels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
in which the regulator means controls the flow of more than
one type of fuel or different qualities of the same fuel to
the charge-forming device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
575 for a charge-forming device that may be operated with
diverse fuels.
Subclass:
516
Air or fuel vapor purging system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein the regulator has means to purge, or store air
bubbles or fuel vapor; the purging or storage means may
itself be considered the means to regulate fuel flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
518 for fuel vapor storage systems with subsequent feed to
engine.
Subclass:
517
Carburetor float bowl drain:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device is a carburetor which has
a fuel receiving float bowl and a means to drain the fuel
from said bowl.
Subclass:
518
Having fuel vapor recovery and storage system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which means is provided to collect fuel vapor from a fuel
tank, float bowl, etc., store it in a tank, canister, or
equivalent storage means, and then feed the stored vapor to
the associated engine during its operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
525 for a vapor converting system that feeds vapor to the
engine without storage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 749 for vapor recovery and vapor storage
systems, respectively.
Subclass:
519
Having an adsorbent canister:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
wherein the fuel vapor storage means is a container enclosing
a material that will collect condensed fuel on a surface.
(1) Note. Generally the adsorbent material is activated
charcoal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 108 for solid sorbent
apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
520
Purge valve controlled by engine parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Subject matter
in which a valve means (purge valve) is provided between the
canister and the engine, said valve being operable to control
the rate at which stored vapors are drawn from the canister
in response to an operating condition or parameter of the
associated engine.
Subclass:
521
Responsive to secondary air pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter
wherein the engine parameter controlling the purge valve
means is the pressure of the air injected into the engine
exhaust, i.e., secondary air pressure.
Subclass:
522
Liquid fuel evaporating by submerged air supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
having means wherein at least part of the air supply for the
engine is bubbled through a volume of fuel to form at least
part of the combustible charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
530 for means to evaporate fuel by passing it in the form of
a continuous stream across an engine air intake conduit.
Subclass:
523
Liquid fuel evaporating by extended fuel film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
includes means for spreading the fuel over a relatively large
surface area to provide a film of fuel to enhance evaporation
when contacted with air.
Subclass:
524
Screen or mat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Subject matter
wherein the surface on which the fuel is spread is porous or
sievelike.
Subclass:
525
Combined liquid and gaseous fuel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
having means by which the charge-forming device may produce a
mixture of air, gaseous fuel, and liquid fuel, or may be
switched to operate with either gaseous or liquid fuel.
Subclass:
526
Diesel engine convertible from liquid to gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter
in which the associated engine is of the compression ignition
type and having means to convert the engine to operate on
either liquid or gaseous fuel.
Subclass:
527
Gaseous fuel and air mixer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
having means by which the charge-forming device mixes air and
gaseous fuel to form a combustible mixture which is fed to
the associated engine.
Subclass:
528
Supercharged engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
having means by which the associated engine, fed by the
mixer, receives its combustion air under pressure greater
than atmospheric.
Subclass:
529
Safety device (e.g., cutoff):
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
wherein the gaseous fuel and air mixer includes a safety
device that cuts off the flow of fuel or air-fuel mixture in
the event of leaks, accidents, etc.
Subclass:
530
Constant flow fuel supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming device has means to pass a
continuous stream of fuel across the air intake conduit
whereby the air evaporates or atomizes a portion of the fuel;
the liquid fuel not evaporated by the air is drained from the
device for subsequent recycling.
Subclass:
531
Auxiliary air or gas used to inject fuel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which means is provided that uses a small amount of
pressurized air or other gas, insufficient to form a
combustible charge, to force the liquid fuel into the
combustion air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for a two-stroke engine having separate pumps for air and
gaseous fuel.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 19 for carburetors
using auxiliary air.
Subclass:
532
Air is bled from the cylinder on the compression stroke in
that cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
in which means is provided to bleed a small amount of air or
other gas from the cylinder to which it will be fed during
that cylinder's compression stroke.
Subclass:
533
Having a separate pump for the air or gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
having means whereby the air or other gas used to atomize or
inject the fuel is compressed by pump means.
Subclass:
534
Air is bled from another engine cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
in which means is provided to bleed the air or other gas to
be used for injecting fuel from any engine cylinder, except
the cylinder to which the air will be fed, during the
compression stroke of said any engine cylinder.
Subclass:
535
Constant fuel level:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter
including means to provide a constant level (e.g., reservoir)
of fuel to be atomized, vaporized, or injected by the
auxiliary air or gas.
Subclass:
536
Combustible mixture ionization, ozonation, or electrolysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
having treating means whereby the charge or any component of
the charge is subjected to ionization, or wherein ozone is
generated from the charge, or wherein electrolysis is
utilized to form any component of the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
585 for ozone from a separate source which is added to the
charge.
Subclass:
537
Before intake valve (e.g., in manifold):
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter
wherein the treatment occurs before the charge component
reaches the engine intake valve.
Subclass:
538
Fuel only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter
in which said means operates on the fuel only.
Subclass:
539
Air only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 536. Subject matter
wherein said means operates on the air for the charge only.
Subclass:
540
Cooling of combustible mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
including means for cooling (a) the charge-forming device or
a part thereof, (b) for cooling the combustible mixture
formed by the charge-forming means, or (c) those elements
(e.g., fuel, air, etc.) as they are fed to the charge former
to form the charge.
(1) Note. Any cooling combined with supercharging should be
classified in subclass 563 below.
(2) Note. If the cooling is done to the exhaust gas to be
recycled to the engine, classification should be in subclass
570 below.
Subclass:
541
Fuel only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter
wherein the engine fuel alone is cooled.
Subclass:
542
Air only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter
wherein only the air is cooled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
559 for air coolers between a supercharger and an
internal-combustion engine.
Subclass:
543
Heating of combustible mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
including means for heating (a) the charge-forming device or
a part thereof, (b) for heating the combustible mixture
formed by the charge-forming means, or (c) those elements
(e.g., fuel, air, etc.) as they are fed to the charge former
to form the charge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 127 for devices for
mixing and heating liquid and gas.
431, Combustion, 207 for a fuel burner of general
application with means for heating its feed line.
Subclass:
544
Lighter fuel is used during starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which the charge-forming devices uses a lighter, more
easily vaporized fuel which is heated and utilized during
starting of the associated internal-combustion engine.
Subclass:
545
Heating medium surrounds combustible mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
wherein the heating medium completely surrounds a conduit or
passage containing the combustible mixture.
Subclass:
546
Combustible mixture surrounds heating medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which a passage or conduit that conveys the air-fuel
mixture to the engine completely encircles or surrounds the
source of heat.
Subclass:
547
Combustible mixture and heating medium adjoin one another:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
wherein the passages carrying the heating medium and the
mixture are integral or adjoining at some point for heat
transfer.
Subclass:
548
Trap for liquid particle vaporization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which means is provided to trap, heat, and vaporize liquid
particles of fuel present in the air fuel mixture before they
are inducted into the engine combustion chamber.
Subclass:
549
Electric heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
wherein the means for heating is electrically powered.
Subclass:
550
Combustion heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which the means for heating uses combustion of a fuel as
the source of heat.
Subclass:
551
Part of combustible mixture is burned:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein a means is provided to draw off a portion of the
normal fuel-air mixture to be combusted externally of the
combustion chamber to supply heat for the remaining mixture.
(1) Note. The combustion products from this process may be
exhausted or reintroduced into the charge.
Subclass:
552
Automatic control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which an engine temperature sensor or other
condition-responsive means is provided to control the
operation of the heating means.
Subclass:
553
Intermediate fluid used for heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which the source of heat is used to heat an intermediate
fluid (other than engine coolant, lubricant, or exhaust gas)
that is in heat transfer relationship with the fuel, air,
combustible mixture, or charge-forming device.
Subclass:
554
Combustible mixture, air, and fuel are heated separately:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which separate means is provided to heat each of the air,
fuel, and mixture.
Subclass:
555
Air and fuel heated separately:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
having means wherein the air alone and fuel alone are heated
separately before they are mixed.
Subclass:
556
Air only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which the heating means is used to heat the engine
combustion air only.
Subclass:
557
Fuel only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
in which the heating means is used to heat the fuel only.
Subclass:
558
Fuel is heated to ignition temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
in which the heating means heats the fuel to the temperature
at which it will spontaneously ignite when exposed to air at
ambient temperature.
Subclass:
559.1
Supercharger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein means is employed to increase the pressure of the
inlet air or charge over that which would be present in a
normally aspirated (piston suction alone) engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 598 for exhaust gas driven superchargers.
Subclass:
559.2
Pressure exchange with exhaust gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.1. Subject
matter wherein the means to increase the pressure of the
intake air is a pressure exchange wherein the engine exhaust
gas directly contacts the intake air.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 64 for pressure exchanges, per se.
Subclass:
559.3
With clutch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559.1. Subject
matter wherein the supercharger is connected to the engine by
a clutch.
Subclass:
560
Two-cycle compressor feeds a four-cycle engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
having a two-cycle compressor which is used to feed air or
mixture at a pressure greater than atmospheric to an
associated four-cycle internal-combustion engine.
Subclass:
561
Variable ratio compressor driven supercharger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
having a compressor to supercharge the air or mixture wherein
the drive ratio between the compressor and its driving means
(generally the engine) is capable of being varied.
Subclass:
562
Multiple superchargers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
having more than one pump or compressor which are used to
feed air or mixture under pressure to a common
internal-combustion engine.
(1) Note. This subclass includes plural stage compressors.
(2) Note. Multiple superchargers with intercooling are
properly classified in subclass 563.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
563 for an intercooler between an engine and single
supercharger.
Subclass:
563
Intercooler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
wherein means is employed to lower the temperature of the air
or mixture leaving the supercharger before its entry into the
engine or another supercharger.
(1) Note. Any cooling combined with nonsupercharged charged
forming should be classified in subclasses 540+ above.
Subclass:
564
Boost control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
including manual or condition responsive means to control the
degree of pressurization of the air or mixture by the
supercharger.
Subclass:
565
Supercharger is driven independently of the engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
wherein the supercharger is driven by means other than the
associated engine or its exhaust gas (such as an electric
motor).
Subclass:
566
Funnel-type supercharger (e.g., ram-air):
This subclass is indented under subclass 559. Subject matter
in which the pressure-increasing means is a funnel-shaped
conduit into which air is forced, e.g., ram-air effect.
(1) Note. The air is fed from the funnel outlet to the
engine.
Subclass:
567
Oxidant is solely oxygen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein the fuel (which may be a gas) is mixed or burned
solely in oxygen and no gas other than fuel or oxygen is
present.
Subclass:
568.11
Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission
control exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve):
Subject matter under subclass 434 wherein the means for
forming a mixture of fuel and oxidant is provided with a
means to return the products of combustion exhausted from the
engine combustion chamber (i.e., exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR)) either (a) to a passage in communication with an inlet
port of the combustion chamber (i.e., an intake manifold) or
(b) directly to the combustion chamber for subsequent
re-burning.
(1) Note. Subject matter wherein the exhaust gas is treated
before recirculation is found eslewhere. Subject matter
wherein the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas return passage
and then it is treated is found in class. See Search Class
below.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses include
disclosures wherein the exhaust gas products are exhausted
from one combustion chamber and returned to another
combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
200 for rotary engine exhaust gas recirculation.
672 for a charge forming device having exhaust gas condition
responsive control means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclass 278 and 279 for treatment or
handling of the exhaust gas from an internal combustion
engine before recirculation to the engine, and subclass 605.2
for recirculating exhaust gas in a turbocharged internal
combustion engine with specific turbocharger details.
Subclass:
568.12
Exhaust gas cooled during recirculation:
Subject matter under subclass 568.11 provided with means to
reduce the temperature of the returned products of combustion
after the products enter an EGR conduit, but prior to the
products of combustion being returned to the combustion
chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
540 for cooling of the combustible mixture, or cooling of
the combustible mixture mixed with another constituent (e.g.,
exhaust gas).
543 for heating of the combustible mixture, or heating of
the combustible mixture mixed with another constituent (e.g.,
exhaust gas).
Subclass:
568.13
Having recirculation path formed entirely in the cylinder
block or head:
Subject matter under subclass 568.11 wherein the means to
return the products of combustion has an EGR conduit which is
located completely within a structure that either (a)
surrounds the combustion chamber or (b) closes an upper end
of the combustion chamber.
Subclass:
568.14
Internal exhaust gas recirculation (e.g., exhaust gas
retained in the combustion chamber):
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter including means to cause a portion of the products of
combustion either (a) to remain in the combustion chamber
after the combustible mixture has been burned or (b) to be
drawn back into the combustion chamber from either (1) the
intake passage or (2) the exhaust passage.
(1) Note. All engines will retain a portion of the products
of combustion within the combustion chamber after combustion
however, the subject matter included herein is designed to
cause more of the products to remain.
Subclass:
568.15
Having exhaust gas mixed with a constituent before entry into
intake manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter wherein the products of combustion are combined with
another fluid prior to admission into the intake manifold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for recirculating of the products of combustion to cause a
chemical reaction with the fuel prior to combustion (e.g.,
alcohol reforming, hydrogen releasing, etc.).
25 for the addition of water to the combustible mixture
(e.g., fuel and oxidant, EGR) before entrance into the
combustion chamber.
Subclass:
568.16
With electrical means for fail-safe, backup, or malfunction
detecting of EGR system:
Subject matter under subclass 568.11 wherein the means for
forming a mixture of fuel and oxidant includes electrical
means that upon detecting failure in an EGR system element
(a) shifts operation (1) into a substitute circuit or (2) to
a substitute mechanism to accomplish the same function, or
(b) indicates functioning of the EGR system or EGR system
element outside of acceptable parameters.
(1) Note. The EGR system itself need not be electrically
operated, however, the mere inclusion of an electrical switch
whose state (i.e., on or off) is changed in response to
abnormal operation of the EGR system to turn on an indicating
device is sufficient for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, 101 for a data processing system associated with
an internal-combustion engine, where significant details of
the mechanical construction of the component or subsystem
within a vehicle are not claimed, especially subclasses 102+
for a data processing system associated with an
internal-combustion engine having a digital or programmed
data processor, where significant details of the mechanical
construction of the component or subsystem within a vehicle
are not claimed, subclass 107 for a digital or programmed
data processing system associated with an internal-combustion
engine is designed to detect an abnormality in operating
conditions and carry out the appropriate sequence of
instructions to stabilize the air/fuel ratio or fuel
injection operation, where significant details of the
mechanical construction of the component or subsystem within
a vehicle are not claimed, subclass 114 for digital or
programmed data processing system associated with an
internal-combustion engine includes specific structure to
function as either a backup, interruption, reset, or test
circuit, where significant details of the mechanical
construction of the component or subsystem within a vehicle
are not claimed.
Subclass:
568.17
Having specific exhaust gas outlet structure at intake
manifold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter wherein the means to return the products of combustion
includes a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, size)
of an opening at a juncture of the conduit conducting the
products of combustion from the combustion chamber to the
intake manifold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184.21 for specific intake manifold details.
Subclass:
568.18
Having a valve located at the outlet of the EGR passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.17. Subject
matter wherein the means to return the products of combustion
includes a mechanical device having a closing element that
controls fluid flow through the EGR conduit (a) either by (1)
closing the EGR conduit or (2) restricting the EGR conduit by
a definite predetermined motion of the closing element, and
(b) the closing element being positioned at the point of
connection of the EGR conduit to the intake manifold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses, for
specific valve structure of general utility.
Subclass:
568.19
EGR valve position controlled only in relationship to intake
throttle valve position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter where the engine includes (a) a closing member that
regulates fluid flow through the intake manifold leading to
the combustion chamber, (b) the EGR conduit includes a
closing element that regulates fluid flow through the EGR
conduit, and (c) wherein the motion of the closing element is
related only to the position of the closing member.
(1) Note. There does not have to be a linear relationship
between movement of the intake throttle valve and the EGR
valve for proper placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for specific intake throttle valve control.
337 for specific intake throttle valve structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses, for
specific valve structure.
Subclass:
568.2
Plural EGR valves in the recirculation passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter wherein a conduit returns the products of combustion
to the combustion chamber and the conduit includes more than
one closing element that regulates fluid flow through the EGR
conduit.
Subclass:
568.21
Having electrically actuated control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter wherein the means for adjusting the flow of the
products of combustion to the combustion chamber is powered
by electrical energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 129.01, for electrically
operated valves of general utility.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 108 for a digital or programmed data
processing system associated with an internal-combustion
engine designed to control the air/fuel ratio or fuel
injection to change the exhaust gas system, where significant
details of the mechanical construction of the component or
subsystem within a vehicle are not claimed.
Subclass:
568.22
Ambient condition responsive (e.g., atmospheric temperature,
atmospheric pressure):
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.21. Subject
matter wherein the means for adjusting the flow of the
products of combustion is responsive to an atmospheric
characteristic or parameter.
Subclass:
568.23
Having rotary actuator control of EGR valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.21. Subject
matter wherein the means to return the products of combustion
includes a device having a closing element that controls
fluid flow through the EGR passage (a) either by (1) closing
the EGR passage or (2) restricting the EGR passage by a
definite predetermined motion of the closing element, and (b)
the closing element being adjusted by means including a
member turned about an axis by a source of electrical
energy.
Subclass:
568.24
Electrical rotary actuator rotates the EGR valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.23. Subject
matter wherein the member turned about the axis is a rotary
electromagnetic device (e.g., electric motor, rotary
solenoid, etc.) and the member turns the closing element
about an axis.
Subclass:
568.25
Vacuum actuator control of EGR valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.23. Subject
matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting means
regulates the flow of a fluid through a passage connected to
an expansible chamber of negative fluid pressure and the
negative fluid pressure in the chamber is used to actuate the
closing element to vary the flow of the products of
combustion.
Subclass:
568.26
Having electromechanical actuator control of EGR valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.21. Subject
matter wherein the means to return the products of combustion
includes a closing element that controls fluid flow through
the EGR passage (a) either by (1) closing the passage or (2)
restricting the EGR passage by a definite predetermined
motion of the closing element, and (b) the closing element
being adjusted by means of electrical energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 129.01, for electrically
operated valves of general utility.
Subclass:
568.27
Controlling vacuum actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.26. Subject
matter wherein the electrical actuator regulates the position
of a fluid flow adjusting means which regulates the flow of a
fluid through a passage connected to an expansible chamber of
negative fluid pressure and the negative fluid pressure in
the chamber is used to actuate the EGR closing element to
vary the flow of the products of combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 907 for a vacuum actuated
valve, per se.
Subclass:
568.28
Including auxiliary vacuum pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.27. Subject
matter including a supplementary device to evacuate a gaseous
fluid from the chamber to create a negative fluid pressure to
actuate the EGR closing element.
(1) Note. Many of the supplementary devices are used in
conjunction with a diesel engine.
Subclass:
568.29
Vacuum actuator control of EGR valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.11. Subject
matter wherein (a)the means to return the products of
combustion includes a mechanical device having a closing
element that controls fluid flow through the EGR conduit
either by (1) closing the EGR conduit or (2) restricting the
EGR conduit by a definite predetermined motion of the closing
element, and (b) negative fluid pressure is applied through a
passage connected to an expansible chamber and the negative
fluid pressure in the chamber is used to actuate the closing
element which varies the flow of the products of combustion
back to the combustion chamber for subsequent re-burning.
Subclass:
568.3
Including auxiliary vacuum pump:
Subject matter under subclass 568.29 including a
supplementary device to evacuate a gaseous fluid from the
chamber to create a negative fluid pressure to actuate the
EGR closing element.
(1) Note. Many of the supplementary devices are used in
conjunction with a diesel engine.
Subclass:
568.31
Temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568.29. Subject
matter wherein the adjusting means is responsive to changes
in temperature (e.g., of an engine component, engine fluid,
or the ambient environment).
Subclass:
568.32
Having fixed restriction in vacuum line:
Subject matter under subclass 568.29 wherein the adjusting
means includes a region of non-adjustable reduced
cross-sectional area in a conduit conveying the fluid of
negative pressure.
Subclass:
572
Crankcase vapor used with combustible mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which means is provided to introduce part or all of the
crankcase blow by gases to the engine intake manifold or
directly to the combustion chamber for burning.
Subclass:
573
Vapor treated before mixing with combustible mixture (e.g.,
cooling):
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Subject matter
in which means is provided to cool or otherwise treat the
crankcase vapors before they are mixed with the charge.
Subclass:
574
Specific control valve (PCV valve):
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Subject matter
wherein said means include a valve having a specifically
disclosed construction.
(1) Note. The valve is often referred to as a PCV (positive
crankcase ventilation) valve.
Subclass:
575
Diverse fuel supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein the engine may be operated from different qualities
of fuels.
Subclass:
576
Fuel switched in response to engine starting condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter
in which means are provided for switching from one fuel to
another in response to a starting condition of the associated
engine.
Subclass:
577
Fuel switched, condition responsive to load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter
wherein the separate fuel supplies are switched or alternated
in response to the engine load condition.
Subclass:
578
Fuel switched in response to engine temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 575. Subject matter
in which means are provided for switching from one fuel
source to another in response to a temperature of the
associated engine.
Subclass:
579
Multiple carburetors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein said charge-forming device includes a plurality of
separate means, each of which employs a moving stream of
oxidant (e.g., air) to aspirate a fluid fuel into the oxidant
stream.
(1) Note. Each carburetor is operative to independently
meter fuel into the air flowing therethrough.
(2) Note. The carburetors need not be identical in
construction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 23.1 for a
single carburetor with multiple barrels.
Subclass:
580
Each carburetor feeds a cylinder or group of cylinders (e.g.,
split engine):
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein a separate fuel aspirating means feeds a particular
cylinder or group of cylinders.
Subclass:
581
Separate carburetor for starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
in which one of the fuel aspirating means is designed
particularly for or is operative only during starting and
warm-up of the associated engine.
Subclass:
582
Separate carburetor for high load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein one of the fuel aspirating means is utilized for high
load operation of the associated engine.
Subclass:
583
With linkage between carburetor throttle valves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
in which means is provided to interconnect the throttle
valves of multiple fuel aspirating means to effect
coordinated movement thereof.
Subclass:
584
Staged opening of carburetor throttle valves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter
wherein the mechanical means is arranged so that the opening
of the throttle valves is not coincident, or the rates of
movement of the throttle valves are unequal.
Subclass:
585
Auxiliary air or oxygen added to combustible mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
in which means is provided to add an additional oxidant to
the combustible mixture produced by a charge-forming device
before the mixture is fed to the engine cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 480 for the control of an
auxiliary inlet to a combustion engine induction line in
response to variations in engine inlet pressure.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, 38 for carburetor air
bypasses.
Subclass:
586
Oxidant controlled by throttle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Subject matter
in which an auxiliary device providing additional oxidant
includes control means responsive to the position of the
engine throttle valve.
Subclass:
587
Oxidant controlled by intake manifold vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Subject matter
in which the means for providing additional oxidant is
controlled in response to the pressure in the engine intake
manifold.
Subclass:
588
Oxidant controlled by engine temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 585. Subject matter
in which the device for providing additional oxidant includes
control means responsive to engine temperature.
Subclass:
590
Charge-mixing device in intake (e.g., device which insures
the atomization of the combustible mixture):
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
including means to further commingle oxidant and the fuel
mixture produced by a charge-forming device before the
mixture is inducted into the engine cylinder.
Subclass:
591
Having liquid fuel collector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter
in which the device includes means to collect liquid fuel
which has not been completely atomized.
Subclass:
592
By fan means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter
in which the means to commingle is a rotating device carrying
fluid reactive blades thereon which is mounted in the intake
pipe of the engine.
Subclass:
593
By screen means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 590. Subject matter
in which the device is a foraminous member disposed across
the intake of the engine.
Subclass:
594
HIGH TENSION IGNITION SYSTEM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means for supplying high voltage
electricity to a mixture-igniting means associated with an
internal-combustion engine and for subcombinations particular
thereto where not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 209 for
general use systems.
Subclass:
595
Retrofit conversion ignition unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system or some component thereof is
designed to replace or add to an existing system or component
which is different in construction or effect.
(1) Note. This includes conversion of cam and breaker point
timers to photoelectric, magnetic, etc., pickups.
Subclass:
596
Using capacitive storage and discharge for spark energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system include a capacitor, means to
charge the capacitor, and means to discharge the capacitor
through an ignition coil primary thereby creating the high
voltage used for mixture ignition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 and 654, for an ignition system having an auxiliary
capacitor, other than a breaker point capacitor, that does
not discharge into an ignition coil primary to create a high
voltage.
Subclass:
597
Regulating sensed ignition capacitor voltage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
in which means is provided to sense or measure the voltage
across the ignition capacitor.
Subclass:
598
Having an oscillator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
in which the capacitor is charged by a voltage produced in an
oscillator circuit which is either continuously or
intermittently operative.
Subclass:
599
Having a magneto:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
in which the capacitor is charged by a voltage produced by an
inductive generator called a magneto.
(1) Note. Usually of the rotary type.
Subclass:
600
Triggering voltage obtained from capacitor charging winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter
in which means is provided to trigger the discharge of the
capacitor across the coil primary, wherein the trigger
voltage is derived from the magneto winding that charges the
capacitor.
Subclass:
601
Specific design of charge or trigger winding core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the particular core
structure for the capacitor charging or trigger winding.
(1) Note. Both windings on a single magnetic core, etc.
Subclass:
603
Antireverse protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter
in which means is provided in the ignition system to prevent
running of the engine in the reverse direction.
Subclass:
604
Inductive capacitive discharge system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
in which a capacitor is charged by a voltage produced in an
inductive circuit other than a magneto or oscillator.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
599 for magneto capacitor discharge devices.
Subclass:
605
Having a specific capacitor, ignition coil means, or
switching element circuit path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the ignition
capacitor, ignition coil, or capacitor discharge switching
means.
Subclass:
606
High frequency ignition system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes means to generate a
high frequency train of distinct sparks at a spark gap.
Subclass:
607
Free running oscillator supplies coil primary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter
in which the means to generate the high frequency train is a
free running oscillator that supplies an oscillating voltage
to the primary of the ignition coil.
Subclass:
608
Having a specific spark plug:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to the design or
construction of a spark plug to be used in the high frequency
system.
Subclass:
609
Having dwell control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes means to adjust or
control the amount of time that current flows through the
primary of an ignition coil.
(1) Note. This amount of time is called "dwell time" or
"dwell angle" and is measured in degrees of distributor shaft
rotation. For a system having breaker points, the dwell is
the amount of time that the points are closed.
Subclass:
610
Using a monostable multivibrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
in which the means to adjust or control the dwell time
includes an oscillator circuit having one stable state, i.e.,
the circuit remains in a condition having a given output
level (e.g., logical zero) until receiving a trigger signal,
at which time the circuit will switch to its other output
level (logical 1) and after a predeterminable time returns to
its original level (logical zero).
Subclass:
611
Dwell maintained at constant value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
in which dwell adjusting means function to keep the dwell
time at a constant value.
Subclass:
612
Having engine component position sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes means to determine the
position of one engine component relative to another.
(1) Note. The means usually determines the angular position
of the distributor shaft, camshaft, or crankshaft of the
associated engine.
Subclass:
613
Optical sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
in which the position transducer is light activated.
Subclass:
614
Including a zero crossing detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
in which the position sensor includes means to detect a
change in polarity of the voltage signal from the transducer,
i.e., crosses a "zero" reference value.
Subclass:
615
Including an oscillator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
in which the position sensor is provided with or which
controls an oscillator from which a control signal is
derived.
(1) Note. The oscillator is usually repeatedly turned on and
off to indicate position.
Subclass:
616
Piezoelectric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
wherein the position sensor is a device in which charges of
electricity are induced in a crystalline substance by
pressure.
Subclass:
617
Inductive or magnetic sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 612. Subject matter
in which the position sensor includes magnetic or inductive
means that produces a control signal.
Subclass:
618
Having specific trigger circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes trigger circuit means
to shape the output signal of a position sensor for
subsequent use in the system.
Subclass:
619
Oscillatory trigger circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
in which the trigger circuit means is constructed as an
oscillatory circuit.
Subclass:
620
Additional spark energy supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes a device, in addition
to an ignition coil, that adds energy to the discharge at the
spark plug.
(1) Note. Said device may be inductive in design. Said
additional energy may be used to extend the duration of the
spark or merely increase the sparking voltage.
Subclass:
621
Having an ignition coil with multiple primary or secondary
windings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes an ignition coil
constructed to have more than one primary or secondary
winding.
Subclass:
622
Separate circuit for each winding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Subject matter
in which each primary winding or secondary winding has an
associated circuit to deliver energy to or to take energy
from an ignition coil.
Subclass:
623
Having supply voltage regulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which means is provided in the system to compensate for
changes in, or to hold supply voltage constant.
(1) Note. The supply voltage source is usually a battery.
Subclass:
624
Having ballast resistor cutout or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the system includes a resistor to limit ignition
coil primary current and has means to cut the resistor in and
out of the system, or otherwise control the effect the
resistor has on the operation of the system.
Subclass:
625
Responsive to engine or environmental condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes means responsive to an
engine parameter or an environmental condition.
Subclass:
626
Oscillator or trigger circuit responsive to engine
condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Subject matter
in which the means is an oscillatory circuit or trigger
circuit which is responsive to an engine parameter.
Subclass:
627
Having auxiliary spark ionization gap in series or parallel
with the coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the system includes an auxiliary spark air gap or
gaseous ionization gap in addition to the usual spark plug.
(1) Note. The auxiliary gap may be in series or parallel
with an ignition coil primary or secondary and can be a neon
tube.
Subclass:
628
Having a continuous high voltage output to the high voltage
distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the system produces a continuous sparking voltage
output which is directed to a high voltage distributor.
Subclass:
629
Monostable multivibrator controls timing of coil primary
current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the system includes an oscillatory circuit having
one stable state (e.g., low output level), that is capable of
being triggered into a second state (high output level) for a
predeterminable time before reverting to its original state;
the output of this circuit is used to control the flow of
electrical current through the primary of an ignition coil.
Subclass:
630
Safety device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes an accessory device to
prevent operation of the system when an unsafe condition is
detected.
Subclass:
631
Reverse engine rotation protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Subject matter
in which the accessory device prevents reverse operation of
the engine.
Subclass:
632
Ignition switch opened when engine stops:
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Subject matter
in which the accessory device opens the ignition switch to
protect the ignition system components when the engine
stops.
Subclass:
633
Radio interference protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
including means which shield or otherwise prevent electrical
noise generated by the ignition system from adversely
affecting other electrical devices.
(1) Note. The protection device must be attached to or be
part of the ignition system.
Subclass:
634
Having a specific ignition coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein significance is attributed to the construction of an
ignition coil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, 199 and 225+ for coils, per se.
Subclass:
635
Specific coil location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which significance is attributed to mounting or location
of an ignition coil.
Subclass:
636
Multiple spark ignition system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the ignition system induces a plurality of separate
sparks per complete engine operating cycle in each cylinder.
Subclass:
637
System fires single spark plug per cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein an engine cylinder has a single spark plug and means
are provided to induce a plurality of separate multiple
sparks in that plug.
Subclass:
638
System fires multiple spark plugs per cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein an engine cylinder contains more than one spark plug,
each plug fired once each complete engine operating cycle.
Subclass:
639
System using vibrator for multiple sparks upon starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein the multiple sparks are generated only at start-up
using an electromechanical or electronic vibrator.
Subclass:
640
Dual systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the ignition system employs a plurality of
independent ignition systems each of which is capable of
producing an ignition spark.
(1) Note. These systems may operate in phase adding their
outputs to produce a single spark, or may operate out of
phase to produce multiple sparks in a single cylinder per
combustion cycle.
(2) Note. This subclass may also include ignition systems
with a separate system for each cylinder in a multicylinder
engine.
Subclass:
641
One for starting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Subject matter
in which one of the systems is designed for use during
starting of the associated engine.
(1) Note. The remaining system(s) may or may not be cutoff
when the starting system is operative.
Subclass:
642
Piezoelectric voltage generator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which primary or secondary ignition coil voltage is
derived from a crystalline or other pressure sensitive
device.
(1) Note. Generally the crystal is compressed by a rotating
engine member at the proper time to produce the main ignition
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
616 for piezoelectric devices used as position sensors.
Subclass:
643
Electronic cylinder sequencing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system employs an electronic sequencing
device for directing voltage from an ignition coil secondary
to the respective engine cylinders.
Subclass:
644
Current or voltage sensing in coil primary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the ignition circuit includes means to sense the
voltage or current level in an ignition coil primary.
Subclass:
645
Maverick spark suppressor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the ignition circuit contains means which act to
suppress or eliminate unwanted or out-of-time sparks due to
interference, noise, power supply connections and
disconnections, etc.
Subclass:
646
Point bounce or arc suppression system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Subject matter
wherein said means is generally located between the ignition
breaker points and the main ignition circuit, to suppress,
shape, or filter the signal from the points to eliminate
interference or false triggering due to bouncing of the
ignition breaker points.
Subclass:
647
Having a specific mounting of system component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein significance is attributed to the mounting or
location of an ignition system component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
635 for special ignition coil mounting.
Subclass:
648
Having SCR triggered by lowering cathode voltage below
ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the ignition circuit uses a silicone control
rectifier (SCR) to conduct the ignition coil primary current
and wherein the SCR is triggered by lowering the cathode
potential below ground (i.e., by applying a negative cathode
potential).
Subclass:
649
Multiple primary current interrupters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein there are at least two switching elements carrying
all or part of the ignition coil primary current.
(1) Note. These switching elements may be in series or in
parallel and may be in circuit before or after the coil.
Subclass:
650
Power supply, ignition coil primary, and interrupter element
all in series:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
in which the ignition system includes an interrupter means
located in series with the power supply and the primary of
the ignition coil, the interrupter means starting and
stopping current flow through primary coil.
Subclass:
651
Interrupter is multiple transistor circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which the interrupter means is a circuit containing more
than one transistor, e.g., multistage switching current.
Subclass:
652
Interrupter is single transistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which the interrupter means is a transistor that starts
and stops current flow in the coil primary.
Subclass:
653
Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in
series with coil primary or secondary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which a capacitor, other than the conventional breaker
point capacitor, is placed in series with the primary or
secondary of the ignition coil.
Subclass:
654
Additional capacitor other than breaker point capacitor is in
parallel with coil primary or secondary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which a capacitor, other than the conventional breaker
point capacitor, is placed in parallel with the primary or
secondary of the ignition coil.
Subclass:
655
Diode is in series with coil primary or secondary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which a diode is placed in series with the primary or
secondary of the ignition coil.
Subclass:
656
Diode is in parallel with coil primary or secondary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
in which a diode is placed in parallel with the primary or
secondary of the ignition coil.
Subclass:
657
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
form, construction, or other feature of the volume enclosed
by the engine cylinder head, piston bore, and the top of the
piston when ignition of the combustible mixture takes place
or when the piston is at top dead center.
(1) Note. Includes relation of engine parts such as intake,
exhaust, or igniting device to the combustion chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
48 for a combustion chamber with means to vary the volume
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 39.6 for external combustion engines
including a combustion chamber separated from the working
cylinder by a transfer valve or equivalent means,
communication between the combustion chamber and working
cylinder being established subsequent to ignition with the
combustion chamber.
Subclass:
658
L- or T-shaped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber in the cylinder head extends
laterally on one side of the top of the engine cylinder with
the extension and cylinder bore in cross section forming an
"L" shape, or two lateral extensions which in cross section
with the cylinder bore form a "T" shape.
Subclass:
659
Having groove to aid combustion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which at least one groove is provided on part or all of
the surface of the combustion chamber.
(1) Note. The groove may be provided on the top, or the
crown, or the piston.
Subclass:
660
An acoustic cavity used to attenuate detonation shock waves
(e.g., bodine):
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which an especially designed cavity or recess is provided
in the combustion chamber to reduce or attenuate the force of
a shock wave produced when the mixture detonates (engine
knock).
Subclass:
661
Having squish area:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which part of the combustion chamber surface of the head
extends toward the top of the piston so that when the piston
reaches top dead center, only mechanical clearance space is
left between the extended surface and piston and any fluid
between said surface and piston top is squeezed out and into
the remaining combustion chamber volume.
Subclass:
662
Multiple annular combustion chambers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber is formed by rotating a
plurality of noncontiguous planar shapes through 360 deg.
about a fixed central axis to form a plurality of ringlike or
annular chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
663 for rotated shapes that are connected or touching.
Subclass:
663
Annular combustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber is formed by rotating a planar
shape through 360 deg. about a fixed central axis to form a
ringlike or annular chamber.
Subclass:
664
Combustion chamber shape is a figure of revolution:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the combustion chamber is of a shape which may be
formed by rotating at least one planar shape through 360 deg.
about a fixed central axis with the resulting volume being
symmetrical about the central axis.
Subclass:
665
Spherical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
in which the figure of revolution is ball-shaped.
Subclass:
666
Hemispherical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
in which the figure of revolution is dome-shaped.
Subclass:
667
Asymmetric combustion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which the combustion chamber is asymmetrical.
Subclass:
668
Having coating or liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which at least part of the combustion chamber has a lamina
on its inner surface.
(1) Note. Coating or liner may be Teflon, gold, etc.
Subclass:
669
With means for mounting, coating, or liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 668. Subject matter
including a liner or coating-securing means.
Subclass:
670
Having catalytic combustion aid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which some part of the combustion chamber contains a
catalytic material which acts as an aid to combustion.
Subclass:
671
Cylinder head shape conforms to piston shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
in which the general shape or contour of a significant
portion of the cylinder head follows the piston shape.
Subclass:
672
Including exhaust gas condition responsive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein the means for forming the mixture of fuel and oxidant
senses at least one characteristic or parameter of the
products of combustion (e.g., composition, or temperature or
pressure, etc.) and uses such information to modify the
relative proportion or ratio of fuel and oxidant in the
mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine.
(1) Note. A combination of an internal combustion engine
with an exhaust treating or exhaust handling means in more
than name only recited in the claims is classified in Class
60. An internal combustion engine with the exhaust handled or
treated only as necessary to evacuate the combustion chamber
or to modify operation of the engine recited in the claims is
found in Class 123.
(2) Note. A computer or digital control system recited in
the claims in combination with an internal combustion engine
in more than name only or wherein the control system includes
an algorithm peculiar to subject matter under the class
definition by claim disclosure is classified in Class 123.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for rotary-type internal combustion engines with charge
forming means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 272 for an engine in which combusted gases
are treated or handled after exhausting from the "working
chamber".
73, Measuring and Testing, 23.31 for analysis of combustion
gases composition, per se.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 406 for exhaust
gas sensors, per se.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for carburetors, per se.
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 101
for control means for internal-combustion engines including
specific computer or data processing details.
Subclass:
673
With sensor controlling each cylinder individually:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein a transducer is located in the flow path of the
products of combustion which is sensitive to a particular
component of the products of combustion, the engine has a
plurality of cylinders or combustion chambers and the charge
forming device responds to signals from the transducer to
modify the ratio of fuel and oxidant supplied individually to
the cylinders or combustion chambers. (i.e., the mixture
ratio supplied to each cylinder or combustion chamber may be
different)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
691 for multiple transducers located in the exhaust flow
path controlling the air/fuel ratio conducted to the engine
cylinders as a group.
Subclass:
674
With modifying or updating memory (i.e., learning):
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein a control means for the charge forming device has an
information storage section for storing values at a plurality
of memory locations for influencing fuel and oxidant mixture
ratios and wherein the stored values may be replaced by newly
determined values which will produce the desired products of
combustion composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
693 for exhaust condition responsive charge forming devices
with compensation for sensor output and having an information
storage section with a single memory location.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 103
for control means for internal-combustion engines including
specific computer or data processing details.
Subclass:
675
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Subject matter
wherein a control means for the charge forming device is
responsive to a sudden demand for an increase or decrease in
the power or torque output of the engine.
Subclass:
676
Exhaust gas temperature or pressure responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein the mixture forming means has control means which
varies the composition of the mixture of fuel and oxidant
dependent upon the temperature or pressure of the products of
combustion.
Subclass:
677
Combined with ambient condition responsive means (e.g.,
pressure):
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein the control means is also responsive to an
atmospheric characteristic or parameter.
(1) Note. The ambient characteristic or parameter transducer
may be located in an engine air/fuel mixture intake upstream
of a throttling device.
Subclass:
678
Ambient temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to the atmospheric
temperature.
Subclass:
679
Combined with engine condition responsive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein the mixture forming means additionally has control
means responsive to an operational parameter of the internal
combustion engine.
Subclass:
680
Idling responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to a no-load or
minimum speed condition of the internal-combustion engine.
Subclass:
681
Engine load responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to a parameter
indicative of the resistance to rotation of an output shaft
of the engine.
Subclass:
682
Acceleration or deceleration responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to a sudden demand
for an increase or decrease in the power or torque output of
the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492 and 493, for charge forming devices having actuator
circuits responsive to an acceleration or deceleration
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 101
for control means for internal-combustion engines including
specific computer or data processing details and responsive
to an acceleration or deceleration condition.
Subclass:
683
Throttle position responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to means for varying
the cross-sectional area of a mixture forming conduit.
Subclass:
684
Pressure downstream of throttle valve responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to means for
detecting the pressure of fluid downstream from means for
varying the cross-sectional area of a mixture forming
conduit.
Subclass:
685
Starting or warmup responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the control means detects and is responsive to at
least one engine or environmental parameter which indicates
the engine's condition (1) during or before a starting
attempt or (2) during a period before the engine reaches
normal operating temperature after starting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for charge forming devices with actuator circuits
responsive to a starting condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location,
subclass 113 for control means for internal-combustion
engines including specific computer or data processing
details and responsive to a starting or warmup condition.
Subclass:
686
Engine coolant temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to the temperature of
a heat exchange cooling fluid circulating through the
internal combustion engine.
Subclass:
687
Speed responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to the rate of
rotation of the output shaft of the engine or of a component
driven by the output shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location,
subclass 110 for control means for internal-combustion
engines including specific computer or data processing
details and responsive to engine speed.
Subclass:
688
Inoperative sensor responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein malfunction of the control means is prevented by the
detecting of an abnormality of operational readiness in the
functioning of a constituent transducer in the outflow of the
products of combustion.
Subclass:
689
Engine fluid or engine component temperature responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Subject matter
wherein the control means is responsive to the temperature of
a fluid within the engine or an engine component.
Subclass:
690
With fail-safe, backup, or malfunction means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
in which the control means upon detecting failure in a
circuit or circuit element shifts (1) operation into a
substitute circuit to accomplish the same function or (2)
indicates functioning of the circuit or circuit element
outside of acceptable parameters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
479 for charge forming devices with actuator circuits having
backup, fail-safe or failure indicator systems.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location,
subclass 114 for control means for internal-combustion
engines including specific computer or data processing
details and having backup systems.
Subclass:
691
Multiple sensors controlling group of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of transducers are located in the flow
path of the products of combustion, which are sensitive to a
particular component of the products of combustion for
adjusting the ratio of fuel and oxidant supplied to a
plurality of combustion chambers or cylinders of the engine.
Subclass:
692
Controlling plural groups of cylinders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 691. Subject matter
wherein there are a plurality of banks of cylinders, each
bank having its own combustion products flow path and the
transducers transmit signals to the mixture control means for
adjusting the fuel and oxidant ratio for each bank of
cylinders.
Subclass:
693
With compensator for sensor output (e.g., current or
voltage):
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein a signal from a transducer is adjusted or modified
before being received by a control means for the mixture
forming means.
(1) Note. This subclass includes modification or adjustment
to the sensor output signal before it is produced by the
transducer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 23.21 for gas composition
analysis with compensation for error or drift correction of a
sensor or transducer.
Subclass:
694
Output fed to compensating circuit::
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
wherein the signal is adjusted or modified after being
produced by the transducer.
Subclass:
695
Variable reference value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Subject matter
wherein the output signal from the transducer is compared to
a signal which is variable.
Subclass:
696
Proportional or integral circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 694. Subject matter
wherein (1) the output signal of the transducer is a
predetermined ratio of its input or (2) wherein the output
signal of the transducer is fed to a circuit the output of
which increases or decreases at a predetermined rate with
respect to time.
Subclass:
697
Heater for sensor or sensor environment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 693. Subject matter
wherein separate means is provided for raising the
temperature of the products of combustion in the region of
the transducer or of the transducer itself.
Subclass:
698
With addition of secondary fluid (e.g., fuel or exhaust
gas):
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to add an additional fluid to the
combustible mixture produced by the charge forming device
before the mixture is fed to the engine cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for rotary-type internal combustion engines having
charge forming devices with exhaust gas recirculation.
568.11 for charge forming devices wherein at least some of
the exhaust gas products are added to the combustible
mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 108
for control means for internal-combustion engines including
specific computer or data processing details and exhausted
gas recirculation.
Subclass:
699
Secondary fluid is auxiliary air or oxygen (e.g., carburetor
air bleed):
This subclass is indented under subclass 698. Subject matter
wherein the additional fluid is an oxidant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
585 for charge forming devices having auxiliary air or
oxygen added to the combustible mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing, Navigation, and Relative Location, 103
for control means for internal-combustion engines including
specific computer or data processing details.
Subclass:
700
Fed to air/fuel mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 699. Subject matter
wherein the additional oxidant is added to the combustion
supporting and combustible fluid mixture.
Subclass:
701
With auxiliary control of carburetor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein the means for forming the charge forming mixture is a
carburetor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for carburetors, per se.
Subclass:
702
Variable venturi carburetor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 701. Subject matter
wherein the carburetor is of the type having a throat which
is variable in cross-sectional area.
Subclass:
703
Exhaust gas composition sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 672. Subject matter
wherein the transducer senses a constituent in the products
of combustion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
494 for charge forming devices having an actuator circuit
and specific features of a system sensor or transducer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 406 for exhaust
gas sensors, per se.
Subclass:
704
Air/fuel ratio prior to combustion responsive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter
wherein the means for forming the mixture of fuel and oxidant
(1) senses the relative proportion of oxidant and fuel in the
mixture at a first location in an intake manifold prior to
combustion and (2) uses such information to modify the
relative proportion of oxidant and fuel at a second
downstream location supplied to the engine.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 128 below correspond to the
definitions of the abolished subclasses under Class 123 from
which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art
Collections schedule for specific correspondences. {Note:
The titles and definitions for indented art collections
include all the details of the one (s) that are
hierarchically superior.
Subclass: FOR 100
Spark delaying: Apparatus having means for acting upon the
electrical discharge device of the engine in such a manner as
to postpone the ignition of the combustible charge while the
operating member is engaged by a human operator.
Subclass: FOR 101
SPARK IGNITION TIMING CONTROL: Subject matter which adjust or
control the timing of the ignition spark. "Timing" is defined
as the point of piston travel or crankshaft rotation at which
the igniting spark occurs.
Subclass: FOR 102
Vacuum timing control: Subject matter in which the motor or
other means controlling the timing uses a vacuum as its
motive or actuating power source.
Subclass: FOR 103
Multiple diaphragms: Subject matter in which the vacuum
actuated control means utilizes a plurality of diaphragms.
Subclass: FOR 104
Fluid delay in fluid path line from vacuum source: Subject
matter in which the fluid path to the actuating motor or
means contains a fluid delay means, e.g., restrictive
orifice.
Subclass: FOR 105
Including sensor responsive to barometric pressure to alter
vacuum level: Subject matter wherein means responsive to
barometric or atmospheric pressure acts to vary the pressure
or level of the actuating vacuum.
Subclass: FOR 106
Increasing vacuum retards the spark: Subject matter wherein
the actuating means acts to retard the ignition spark timing
upon an increasing vacuum signal.
Subclass: FOR 107
Barometric pressure responsive controller: Subject matter
wherein the ignition timing control means is responsive to
barometric or atmospheric pressure.
Subclass: FOR 108
By mechanical or hydraulic link to throttle valve or
accelerator: Subject matter wherein the timing is controlled
at least in part by mechanical or hydraulic linkage between
the engine throttle valve or accelerator and an ignition
timing control member.
Subclass: FOR 109
Having engine shaft position sensor: Subject matter in which
the timing control means has an engine shaft (crank, cam,
etc.) position sensor that is significantly claimed.
Subclass: FOR 110
Analog electronic control: Subject matter wherein the timing
control utilizes some electrical or electronic means which
functions in analog manner where the data used or
calculations made are represented by analogous physical
magnitudes or electrical signals.
Subclass: FOR 111
Digital electronic control: Subject matter wherein the timing
control utilizes a digital memory, digital counting
operation, or other digital decision making circuit.
Subclass: FOR 112
Having microprocessor: Subject matter wherein the system
employs a solid-state digital logic device that uses a
prestored "program" (internal or external) to change or
generate certain output signals in response to changes in the
input signal(s).
Subclass: FOR 113
Speed responsive: Subject matter wherein the ignition timing
control responds to engine rpm.
Subclass: FOR 114
Responsive to instantaneous changes in engine speed (e.g.,
roughness): Subject matter in which the timing control is
responsive to instantaneous changes in engine speed, which
signal at least partial misfires in combustion.
Subclass: FOR 115
Centrifugal timing mechanism: Subject matter wherein the
engine spark timing control responds to a speed signal
generated by a centrifugal device.
Subclass: FOR 116
Ambient or engine temperature responsive: Subject matter in
which the means that controls the spark timing is responsive
to ambient or engine temperature other than combustion
temperature.
Subclass: FOR 117
Acceleration responsive: Subject matter in which the spark
timing control device includes means to sense a demand for
increased power output from the engine.
Subclass: FOR 118
Deceleration responsive: Subject matter in which the spark
timing control device includes means to sense a decrease in
the power output from the engine, i.e., the engine acts as a
brake.
Subclass: FOR 119
Starting or cold running condition responsive: Subject matter
in which the means that controls the spark timing detects,
and is responsive to, at least one engine or environmental
parameter which indicates the engine's condition during or
before a starting attempt or during the engine warm-up period
after starting.
Subclass: FOR 120
Cylinder pressure or cylinder temperature responsive: Subject
matter in which the spark timing control means includes an
input from a cylinder combustion temperature or a cylinder
combustion pressure sensor.
Subclass: FOR 121
Feedback correction: Subject matter in which means is
provided to measure the spark timing instituted by the output
(desired timing) of the control means and compare this
measured timing with the desired timing and, if necessary,
correct the measured timing so that it equals the desired
timing.
Subclass: FOR 122
Timing control derived from ignition capacitor: Subject
matter in which the timing control means includes a circuit
that charges and discharges a capacitor.
Subclass: FOR 123
Having circuit that alters response of an oscillatory engine
shaft position sensing circuit: Subject matter in which the
timing control means includes an oscillatory circuit
responsive to the engine shaft position and further means to
modify the position response of this circuit, to thereby
adjust the ignition timing.
Subclass: FOR 124
Exhaust gas used with the combustible mixture (e.g., emission
control e.g.r. valve): Subject matter in which means is
provided to return part or all of the products of combustion
exhausted from the engine to the intake manifold or directly
to the combustion chamber for subsequent reburning.
Subclass: FOR 125
Diesel engine: Subject matter wherein the engine involved in
the recycling is a Diesel or compression ignition engine.
Subclass: FOR 126
Exhaust gas cooled before recirculation: Subject matter in
which means is provided to cool the returned products of
combustion before they are directed to the intake manifold or
combustion chamber.
Subclass: FOR 127
Electrical control of e.g.r. valve (e.g., between exhaust gas
and intake manifold): Subject matter having a valve means
controlling the exhaust gas recirculation (E.G.R.) controlled
or actuated electrically.
Subclass: FOR 128
Having controllable timing means: Subject matter in which
means is provided to regulate or adjust the timing of the
discharge of the capacitor relative to the angular position
of the engine crankshaft.
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Last Modified: 6 October 2000