This class provides for methods or apparatus for the propagation, rearing, training, exercising, amusing, feeding, milking, grooming, housing, controlling, handling, or general care of a living animal unless provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. The word "animal" is used in its generic biological meaning of a living sentient multicellular organism and is applicable to insects, fish, fowl, mammals, and other members of the animal kingdom.
(2) Note. This class is subdivided into:
(a) an array of specified animal culturing subclass groups, the common bond within each group being determined by the particular kind of animal that is the subject of the invention;
(b) an array of subclass groups directed to a method or apparatus for obtaining milk from an animal other than a human; and
(c) a number of subclass groups, the common bond within each group being determined by the function or mode of operation rather than the particular creature to which the invention is applied.
The groups mentioned in (c) may include subject matter specifically limited in use to a human or to fowl, and patents directed to said specific uses are classified in subclasses having a distinctive title which provides for the respective human or fowl specific use. It should be noted that the subclass(es) that specifically provide for a human use are the only areas in this class providing for a human application, and since these subclasses are the residual areas for human application not otherwise provided for, the definitions of these subclasses are strictly limited. The outside classes listed in the search notes of both the class definition and the subclass(es) relating to a human should be exhausted before placement of a patent relating to a human application in this class.
(3) Note. A method provided for in this class is appropriately classified in a subclass specifically providing for the method or, absent a specific method subclass, in a subclass providing for the apparatus of this class used in the method.
(4) Note. A method of making an apparatus of this class is excluded from this class, and may be found in an appropriate manufacturing class.

LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
FOR SUBJECT MATTER RELATED TO MILKERS
Class 60, Power Plants, has pulsators distinguished from Class 119 and Class 137 Fluid Handling, subclasses 103+, pulsators or fluid distributors in that the former do not relate to through-flow mechanisms but rather effect the pulsing of a confined body of fluid, the same body of fluid, for example, operating upon a pressure responsive mechanism. Milking machine pulsators are broadly construed as valving arrangements which cyclicly control fluid flowing under pressure and not involving the same body of fluid. See References to Other Classes, below, labeled as having other subject matter related to milkers

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, appropriate subclass for animal beds consisting only of a sleeping surface and its support which would have utility for humans.
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for hand manipulated cutting implements adapted for dehorning animals, but of more general utility.
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, particularly 300 for a check, label, or tag for attaching to an animal.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, for apparatus for capturing wild animals.
54, Harness, for work and training harness for animals.
54, Harness, for girth or surcingle devices not restricted by utility to milking organizations. (for subject matter related to milkers)
60, Power Plants, and see (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes, above. (for subject matter related to milkers)
62, Refrigeration, for cooling or refrigerating apparatus in which milking apparatus is identified by name only. (for subject matter related to milkers)
81, Tools, subclass 9.22 for a tattooing device, including means for reciprocating a perforating tool and for introducing coloring material into the perforations.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, for uncombined prime movers for converting the energy of a pressure fluid into mechanical work. Teat cups and teat compressors are not considered as motors of the type contemplated by Class 91. (for subject matter related to milkers)
101, Printing, for printing and branding instruments.
116, Signals and Indicators, for mechanical devices for giving signals of the nature of either alarms or indicators including milking apparatus where the milking apparatus is included by name only and is not modified in order to cooperate with the signal mechanism. (for subject matter related to milkers)
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 402 for a self heating branding tool of general application.
128, Surgery, for catheters combining a treating function and a milking function or treating function, per se. The catheters of this class (119) are disclosed for milking only. (for subject matter related to milkers)
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for apparatus for cleaning milking equipment involving liquid contact, such apparatus not including additional means for some milking function. (for subject matter related to milkers)
137, Fluid Handling, (a) for general utility valving devices for cyclicly or periodically controlling pressure fluids even though known as and called "milking machine pulsators" except where such devices are modified by features restricting the said device to a milking function. Modified pulsators adapting them to be mounted or supported upon a receiver cover or wall, for example, where no more than is necessary for performing a supporting function is included, is not sufficient to place the patent in this class (119). See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, For Subject Matter Related to Milkers, above; (b) for tanks having general utility filling or discharging characteristics for handling milk; (c) for general utility valves combined with other structure not provided for elsewhere e.g., for general utility valves combined with a receiver cover where only so much of the cover is recited as to provide a seat for the valve; (d) for systems of fluid handling of general utility; and (e) for valve actuation not related to the elements of a milking system, and especially fluid pressure responsive devices, e.g., vacuum cutoffs of general utility. (for subject matter related to milkers)
165, Heat Exchange, appropriate subclasses, for heat exchange apparatus, per se. (for subject matter related to milkers)
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 473 for a filter and receptacle (e.g., milk pail) combination. (for subject matter related to milkers)
219, Electric Heating, 227 for an electrical branding iron having a fixed character or indicia, subclasses 385+ for a heating device combined with a container, enclosure, or support for material to be heated, or subclass 523 for a heating device having a housing, casing, or support insertable into material or space to be heated (e.g., immersion type).
220, Receptacles, for milk pails and cans and for leg and lap supported pails. (for subject matter related to milkers)
222, Dispensing, for dispensers not specialized to animal husbandry purposes.
222, Dispensing, for milk pails having a spout, pouring lip, or other material pouring guide. (for subject matter related to milkers)
248, Supports, for general supports for milking elements, pails and cans not limited by structure to use in milking operations. (for subject matter related to milkers)
297, Chairs and Seats, 175 for a stool particularly adapted to facilitate the milking operation, as by the inclusion of a tail holder or pail support, and see the search notes thereto. (for subject matter related to milkers)
340, Communications: Electrical, for electric signaling devices including those having the combinations with milking apparatus by name only. (for subject matter related to milkers)
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for electromagnetic make and break circuits for milking machine electromagnetic controls. (for subject matter related to milkers)
417, Pumps, for devices, per se, for pumping fluids, having a relatively movable member and a relatively stationary member comprising a chamber and a contained impeller, the relative movements of which cause fluid from a source of supply to enter the chamber through an induction port and to be impelled therefrom through an eduction port, said ports in general being valved, and general utility pump elements. "Pump elements" of this class (119) permit through flow of fluids but lack, in general, valving ingress except that provided by the nature of the cow being milked. Super-atmospheric pressure is thereby utilized to discharge the fluid through the eduction port and to simultaneously relieve the negative pressure beyond the induction port. (for subject matter related to milkers)
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a composition for preventing, alleviating, treating, curing, or diagnosing a disease or condition in an animal and for a process of using such a composition(s), or compound for such purposes, e.g., feeding a coccidiostat, etc., to poultry.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, for processes of treating milk and milk products. (for subject matter related to milkers)
433, Dentistry, subclass 1 for veterinary dentistry methods and apparatus. (for subject matter related to milkers)
439, Electrical Connectors, 191 for an electrical connector combined with a fluent material transmission line. (for subject matter related to milkers)
449, Bee Culture, appropriate subclasses for the care and propagation of bees.
452, Butchering, 52 for slaughtering apparatus.
606, Surgery, subclass 116 for marking animals, 117 for animal identification devices, 135+, for means for or to assist in animal sterilization, 167+, cutting, punching and piercing devices used on animal bodies, and in particular subclass 175 for snout cutters.

ENTOMOLOGICAL CULTURE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter employed in the propagation, care, or observation of an animal taxonomically classified in the class Insecta, i.e., an insect or an insect larva.
(1) Note. The propagation, care, or observation of a bee is excluded from this subclass. See the Search Class note below.
(2) Note. An insect observation center such as an "ant farm" is found in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for the propagation or care of a silkworm caterpillar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
449, Bee Culture, appropriate subclasses for subject matter related to the propagation, care, or observation of a bee.

Egg treatment, production, or storage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.5. Subject matter including structure (1) for aiding in altering normal development of an externally deposited ovum, i.e., an egg, of an insect, (2) for enhancing laying of an insect egg, or (3) for holding or keeping an insect egg for a period of time, e.g., during transportation, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.8 for avian egg treatment or production structure.
50.7 for structure used to place a distinguishing indication on an egg.

WORM CULTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter employed in the propagation or care of an invertebrate animal taxonomically classified in the phyla Annelida, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematomorpha, or Nemertea, i.e., a worm.
(1) Note. The larval stage of an insect is not considered to be a worm for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for the propagation or care of a silkworm caterpillar.
6.5 for the propagation, care, or observation of an insect or an insect larva.

AVIAN EGG TREATMENT OR PRODUCTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of structure (1) for aiding in altering normal development of an externally deposited ovum, i.e., an egg, of a bird or (2) enhancing laying of a bird egg.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.6 for insect egg treatment, production, or storage structure.
45.2 and 50.7, for a structure used to place a distinguishing indication on an egg.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Methods and apparatus peculiarly designed for extracting milk from cows by force exerting or manipulative devices, and including ancillary devices, not provided for in other classes, associated with a collateral to milk extracting apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 236.01 for teat cup cleaning implements having a hard blade-like or scraping edge.
55, Gas Separation, appropriate subclasses, especially 434 for deflection type separating means peculiarly adapted for separating a fluid from a mixture of gas and liquid as for example in a vacuum line.
73, Measuring and Testing, 61.64 for sediment type milk testers, and subclasses 863+ for devices for obtaining samples, usually either of absolute volume or of a predetermined ratio to the source from which the sample is taken.
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 34 for lactometers and visual inspecting means for detection of abnormal milk, e.g., strip cuts.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 20 for drives for mechanical milking machines.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber device, and particularly 34 for a bellows type expansible chamber device, and subclasses 89+ for a collapsible wall type expansible chamber device.
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 241 for degasification of liquid, per se.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 155 for degasifying means for liquid, per se.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
for apparatus relating to the production of dairy products.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids, appropriate subclasses, for such subject matter, and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.
137, Fluid Handling, 103 for vacuum type pulsators, per se, (see section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line).
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 37 for flow restrictors and regulators including variable restrictors.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 416.1 for a filter combined with a pump, gas pressure or suction source.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 12 for fluid actuated valves and subclasses 149+ for stall cocks and vacuum line connections.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, for process of treating milk.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Methods of extracting milk from cows and/or of obtaining milk directly from the cow under controlled conditions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for milk preservation and treatment, and see the appropriate search class notes in section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Structural arrangements, designed for sequential treatment of animals for purposes of conducting and facilitating milking, for milking or for milking in combination with other dairy operations, e.g., milk delivery, animal feeding, washing, exercising and the like.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.05 for milk releasers not involving milking parlor
structure.
15 and 147+, for mere housing and confining or stanchion devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
439, Electrical Connectors, 191 for an electrical connector combined with a fluent material transmission line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.03. Arrangements including a moving platform on which the animal is carried while being milked, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 29 for a residual building construction of more general application having a defined means mounted for movement, particularly subclass 31 for a rotating or endless type conveyor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers having means to discharge milk from the milker apparatus during continuous milking while maintaining the milk conveying fluid pressure in the milker without interruption.
(1) Note. Trap valve milkers, subclasses 14.32+, operating on a pressure-vacuum cycle, discharging milk to atmosphere or to a receiver, are not considered as apparatus maintaining fluid pressure without interruption.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.32 see (1) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclass for milk receivers and handling means of general utility.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for trap type dispensers where the trap is permanently connected to a source of supply and where the supply does not depend upon a milking operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05. Releasers having plural separate receivers which are alternately filled and which alternately discharge their contents to the atmosphere.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, 35 and 59 for filling receptacles under vacuum in a continuous milk delivery system where the receptacle is not a permanent part of the system, e.g., transport can.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05. Releasers having means to vary pressures in the releaser apparatus cyclicly to effect intermittent discharge of the milk.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Apparatus claiming some character of automatic control.
(1) Note. By automatic control is meant the provision of means to sense a condition (for example, means to sense stoppage of milk flow) which means causes operation of a control device.
(2) Note. The above definition is intended to exclude valves, check valves, and safety valves directly operated by gravity, inertia or fluid, but includes float valves which inter-dependently perform sensing and control functions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.05 for cyclicly operated milk releasers including float valves.
14.44 for fluid pressure regulators.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Apparatus claimed in combination with means to cool the milk during its delivery from the cow to a milking machine receiver or upon delivery to the milking machine receiver.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.18 for apparatus involving a combined milking and receptacle filling function.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for refrigerating apparatus and see the search class note of section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 213 for preservation of milk by treatment with chemical gases and subclass 455 for a cooling means used in combination with a dairy food treating means.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, subclass 82 for filling receptacles combined with cooling.
237, Heating Systems, appropriate subclasses, for heat exchange apparatus and see the appropriate search class note in section I of this class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers combined with means which carry the weight of the milking apparatus while the animal is milked; the means may be installed or portable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.27 for pulsators, traps and pumps supported on a receiver or wall.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 17.1 for lap or leg supported pails and appropriate subclasses for milk cans.
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for supports for
milking elements, pails and cans not limited by structure to use in milking operations.
297, Chairs and Seats, 177 for a milker stool having an adjustable pail support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Milker Supports provided with means for conveyance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, subclass 234 for pumps combined with means for conveyance.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Girth suspensory type apparatus which supports the milker from the back of the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, subclass 23 for girth or surcingle devices, per se, not restricted in utility to milking organizations.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1. Supports with means in addition to the effect of gravity to exert a force on the milker to effect a pull on the teat cups.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.18 for milkers combined with udder manipulative and teat cup biasing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers
having means for indicating a condition (or lack thereof) or performing a measuring function during the milking operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.
137, Fluid Handling, 551 for fluid handling apparatus including an indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means, and subclasses 624.11+ for a fluid distribution system including a programmer or timer.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for electrically operated alarms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.14. Devices which indicate a fluid flow condition or lack thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 117 for fluid flow indicators.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.15. Devices having flow sight inspection means variously located in the apparatus, through which the flow of milk can be observed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 154 for inspection devices for dispensers, especially subclass 159, for transparent flow line sections.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.14. Devices which indicate a quantitative condition in the milker.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 290 and 426+ for volume determining devices, and subclasses 194+ for volume or rate of flow meters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers claimed in combination with features other than receiver, pump, teat cups or pulsator structure, and supports therefor, including nonuse supports, and not provided for above.
(1) Note. In this subclass for example, are combinations with traction applying or teat supporting devices, filling, udder stimulation as by electric current or massage, strippers, air or milker washing apparatus, and fluid-pressure stabilizer.
(2) Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular combinations within this definition and shown by the preceding subclass titles.
(3) Note. Milkers in name only combined with subject matter outside the class definition are classified with the class providing for such subject matter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers having a tubular device, dilator or conduit to be inserted in the teat canal whereby milk is drawn off.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.19. Catheter milkers including vacuum means to assist in the withdrawal of milk.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.19. Catheters
claiming the tubular or conduit-like device, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
604, Surgery, 93.01 for catheters for introducing or removing medicat material in the animal body.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers in which the hand of the operator directly supplies force to the teat compressing means without intervening linkage, and in which the hand of the operator or the means contacted by the hand of the operator surrounds the cow's teat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Hand milkers having a hand supported and/or manipulated conduit and/or teat cover (e.g., shield or glove-like mitt) and having a receiver for the extracted milk.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, subclass 86.1 for pails with inlets modified to receive the milk while milking.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers in which the teats are compressed by mechanical squeeze mechanisms such as plates, cams, rollers and the like, or by fluid pressure means with mechanical intervention and having means for actuating such mechanisms.
(1) Note. The actuating means may consist of a drive shaft, hand lever or crank, foot crank, fluid or the like.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.24. Milkers,
having vacuum means to convey the extracted milk to a receiver.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.24. Milkers in which the squeeze mechanism is operated by pulsing fluid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 533 for devices effecting the pulsing of a confined body of fluid.
137, Fluid Handling, 103 for a vacuum type pulsator, per se; subclasses 455+ for a line condition change responsive valve; subclass 624.14 for a self-cycling programmed or timed valve. See section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers in which the teats are compressed by fluid pressure directly applied to the teats without mechanical intervention, and having means cyclicly controlling said fluid pressure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 533 for devices effecting the pulsing of a confined body of fluid and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.
137, Fluid Handling, 103 for a vacuum type pulsator, per se; subclasses 455+ for a line condition change responsive valve; subclass 624.14 for a self-cycling programmed or timed valve. See section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 37 for flow regulators (pulsing timers) combined with pulsators in name only.
188, Brakes, subclass 297 for fluid braking mechanisms, e.g., fluid dashpots, for pulsators.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers, in which the fluid control means is electromagnetically operated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, 129 for electrical valve actuation.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for electromagnetic make and break circuits for milkers.
439, Electrical Connectors, 191 for an electrical connector combined with a fluent material transmission line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers in which a primary or master pulsator establishes a pulsing fluid line which drives a secondary pulsator to cyclicly control fluid pressure on the teats.
(1) Note. Patents claiming a pulsing fluid line in combination with a secondary or driven pulsator are in this and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for drives applicable to this subject matter, particularly 500.5 for flexible cable transmitters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.29. Milkers having some means usually in the form of check valve which is operated by the pulsing fluid line to derive therefrom a source of continuous vacuum.
(1) Note. The continuous vacuum is generally maintained in a receiver and is applied to the milk channel of the teat cup.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers including a sectionally collapsible teat compressor and having means to effect progressive or sectional collapse thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.24 for mechanical compression milkers having progressive collapse features.
14.52 for sectionally collapsible teat compressor or cup, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having a cyclicly vacuumized chamber, including a milk port, a pressure port and a valved discharge port; the milk is drawn into the chamber on the vacuum cycle and discharged therefrom through the discharge port during the pressure cycle.
(1) Note. The milk conveying pressure fluid is cyclicly interrupted in contradistinction to the subject matter of subclass 14.05 above.
(2) Note. For a statement of the line between the subject matter of this subclass and Classes 60, 103 and 230, see the Search Class notes to these classes in section I of the main class (119) definitions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.05 for milker releasers maintaining the milk conveying fluid pressure without interruption. See (1) Note.
14.42 for trap type pumps into which the milk is drawn and from which it is discharged.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses, and particularly 118 for liquid pumping by the supplying and exhausting of a gaseous motivating fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.32. Milkers
provided with means for preventing the egress of milk or milk vapor through the pressure port.
(1) Note. Usually baffles or filters, but arrangements for imparting a swirling motion to the milk either at the inlet or in the trap are included.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.32. Milkers having a plurality of valved trap chambers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.34. Milkers having a single valve means supported between a pair of chambers so as to alternately close the discharge port of one of the chambers while the other discharge port is opened.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having a milk conveying conduit provided with means to admit air behind the milk (e.g., at the claw or teat cup) so as to prevent surging or churning of the milk in its flow to a receiver, to relieve pressure on the teat, or to cause the cow to let down the milk more freely.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having the fluid control means intimately associated with the teat-compressor coupling or claw.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.29 for pulsator combined with claw in series with a master or primary pulsator or with a pulsing fluid line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having the fluid control means intimately associated with the teat compressor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having the fluid pressure control associated with the cover of a receiver.
(1) Note. Compare with subclass 14.32 above. The fluid control means of this subclass 14.39 is distinguished from the trap chamber of subclass 14.32 by the fact that the control does not trap the milk and discharge it therefrom. The control in one position permits through vacuum and milk flow from the teat cup to the receiver and in an alternate position permits atmospheric air to relieve the pressure on the teat cup but does not disturb the vacuum in the receiver.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.32 see (1) Note.
14.46 for receiver structure modified to mount the pulsator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.39. Milkers having the fluid pressure to the outer chamber of the teat compressor cyclicly controlled and having uninterrupted vacuum applied to the interior portion of the teat compressor immediately surrounding the teat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.46 for receiver structure modified to mount the pulsator.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers having the fluid pressure to the outer chamber of the teat compressor cyclicly controlled and having uninterrupted vacuum applied to the interior portion of the teat compressor immediately surrounding the teat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.39 for combinations with two chambered teat cups where the vacuum on the interior portion of the teat compressor is cyclicly interrupted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Milkers in which the fluid control means is a pump, usually double acting; the milk is drawn into the pump on the vacuum stroke and expelled on the pressure stroke. Provision in the pump to completely relieve the vacuum on the teat is not required but may be included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.32 for trap chambers which have a milk port, a discharge port and a pressure port; the pressure port providing both pressure ingress and egress connections to a double acting air pump, and see the search notes to that subclass.
14.36 for means associated with the claw or teat cup to relieve vacuum in the line behind the milk.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers including a receiver and an air exhausting means for said receiver. Milk is drawn from the cow to the receiver under constant vacuum without cyclic control or interruption.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for vacuum pumps, per se.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate
subclasses for rotary expansible chamber type of vacuum pumps, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Devices having means to regulate the degree and/or flow rate of pressure maintained in the milker.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.08 for automatic vacuum cut-offs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for valve actuation in general.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Milkers having some means for securing some part of the milking apparatus in some position other than the position in which it normally functions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.1 for means supporting the apparatus in position while the animal is being milked.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Apparatus having milk receiver or receptacle structure, either claimed in combination with specific milking mechanism, or restricted in utility to milking organizations.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.39 and 14.4, for pulsator-receiver combinations including the teat cups.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 863 for interposed testing
sampler, per se, and subclasses 426+ for measuring vessels.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for fluid handling apparatus in general including tanks, valves, filling and discharging means, etc.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, subclass 59 for filling with exhausting the receiver, and subclasses 331+ for funnels.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 473 for a receiver and filter combination.
220, Receptacles, 200 for receptacle closures, and appropriate subclasses for milk pails and cans.
222, Dispensing, 566 for milk pails having material pouring guide.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 441 for lactometers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Devices which are applied to or receive the teats of the cow for compression thereof during the milking operation. The structure of the device, per se, is here involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.22 14.24+ and 14.27+, for teat compressors in combination with means to operate and control them.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 235 for apparatus for applying teat cups to rings.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.47. Teat cups which have means whereby the size of the cup may be changed to accommodate various teats, or which may be adjusted to compensate for liner slack or wear, or which have features which permit a liner to be used with various shells.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.48. Teat cups of the conventional two chamber variety wherein the flexible liner or inflation may be separated from the shell or rigid casing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.47. Teat cups having means whereby a reciprocatory action is imparted to the teat cup and/or the teat cup is so constructed as to permit one section thereof to reciprocate with respect to another section apart from mere inherent resilience of the device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.47. Teat cups distinguishable by a particularized fluid conveying tubular member or members connected to the shell and/or liner, integrally formed there with, or comprising coupling combinations there between.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.47. Teat cups having structural means whereby the nature and direction of contraction and/or flexure of the cup or liner is predetermined.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.31 for sectionally collapsible teat cups in combination with means for their operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.47. Teat cups
having two separate and distinct fluid chambers for separately applying fluid pressures to the teats; one pressure being applied directly to the teat channel and the other exteriorly thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01. Devices involving the structure of the coupling, manifold, or claw means which connects the teat cups with the pressure and/or milk lines.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for general utility pipe joints and couplings not identified as a claw or manifold for milking machines, especially 240 for a nonmetal-to-metal coupling comprising a flexible tip pipe.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.54. Claws provided with means whereby the flow of fluid through the device may be controlled.
(1) Note. Control is merely on or off, not cyclical for milking.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.08 for automatic fluid control means combined with claw structure.
14.37 for pulsator combined with claw structure.

BED OR REST:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of structure upon which the animal may recline or be supported when inactive.
(1) Note. A bed or rest does not cover, completely enclose, or confine an animal although it may have sidewalls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a portable animal housing, carrying container, or animal enclosing bag.
171 for absorbent material, per se, used to absorb moisture from a waste product and which may additionally be used as bedding material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, appropriate subclasses, for a bed intended to receive a reclining human body.

EGG MARKING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of a structure for placing a distinguishing indication on an externally deposited ovum, i.e., an egg, of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45.2 for a nesting appliance used to mark a bird egg.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
606, Surgery, for means for marking an animal.

FEEDING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of structure used to supply an animal with nourishment, i.e., a feeding device.
(1) Note. While a device utilizing feed in a flowable form is found hereunder, a device using liquid feed with a viscosity similar to water is found elsewhere in this class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.5 for a feeding device combined with a watering device.
72 for a device used for providing water, or liquid feed, e.g., buttermilk, etc., with a viscosity similar to water, to an animal.

Having electronic identification and feed control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure includes electrical circuitry which incorporates a solid-state device or vacuum tube and is used to recognize the animal and regulate the amount of nourishment it is supplied.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
840 for apparatus for sorting animals based upon some feature of the animal.

Solid or lick feeder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure presents a firm piece of food substance for the animal to consume by eating a portion thereof or lapping with its tongue.
(1) Note. The food substance, which may include salt blocks, suet, vegetables, etc., may be either movably or nonmovably supported.

For aquatic animal; e.g., a fish, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure presents a food substance to an animal which lives in the water, e.g., an animal of the super class Pisces, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a device which may dispense feed above or below the surface of the water which may be in a time release form which dissolves in water to release food.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Feeding devices in which the time at which an element of the feeding device is actuated, or the length of time of a feeding operation, is controlled by a timer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, subclass 650 for timer controlled dispensing of plant, or animal food, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.11. Feeding devices in which access, by an animal, to a feeding trough is controlled.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.11. Feeding devices in which discharge of feed from plural sources is sequentially controlled.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.11. Feeding devices in which a part of the feeder is biased in one direction, a latch holds the part against the bias and a trip for shifting the latch to releasing position is controlled, the part requiring relatching before the operation may be repeated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 51.14. Feeding devices in which the trip includes the alarm mechanism of an alarm clock.

Combined devices for supplying animals with both food and water.
(1) Note. For watering devices, per se, search this class, subclass 72, and indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 540 for a conveyor system comprising a gravity discharge material holder feeding to a power-driven conveyor section; subclass 616 for a supply bin having a power-driven conveyor section for withdrawing material therefrom; and subclasses 657+ for a power-driven conveyor section of the screw type, especially 671 thereunder for means for feeding to and discharging from the screw conveyor (e.g., gates, apertures, etc., in the housing thereof).

Hopper and trough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure consists of a receptacle used as a primary depository for the nourishment, i.e., a hopper, which outlets to a long, narrow, generally shallow, nourishment receiving receptacle, i.e., a trough, from which an animal may eat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
74 for a watering device having a supply fountain used to provide water, or liquid feed with a viscosity similar to water, to a trough.

Having a perch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure includes specific structure for supporting the entire weight of the animal as it eats.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.8 for similar structure used in an arrangement other than a hopper and trough type.
72 and subclass 77 in particular, for a device used to provide water or liquid feed, e.g., sugar water, etc., with a viscosity similar to water, to an animal, e.g. a hummingbird feeder, etc.

And feature for excluding undesirable animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.2. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure further includes structure for preventing an unwanted animal from obtaining nourishment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.9 for similar structure used in an arrangement other than a hopper and trough type.

Having selective feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure includes structure which permits only animals of a desired size to eat or which controls the spacing or number of animals along the trough.
(1) Note. Braces or partitions provided primarily for structural strengthening or shaping purposes are not included in this subclass.

Devices comprising in addition to the combined hopper and trough a means for regulating the amount of feed passing from the hopper to the trough, said means consisting usually of a manually adjustable valve or other device performing the function of a flow regulator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for other devices which regulate the flow of grain or ground feed from a hopper.

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Combined hoppers and troughs provided with means for causing or controlling the flow of feed from hopper to trough, operated by pressure from the feeding animal, generally applied through the animal's nose or forehead.
(1) Note. For other animal-controlled feeding or watering devices, see this class, subclasses 54, 55, 62, 75, and 76.

Combined hoppers and troughs provided with means for causing or controlling the flow of feed from hopper to trough operated by pressure from the feeding animal, generally applied through the animal's nose or forehead.
(1) Note. Search this class, subclass 53.5 and 75.

Combined hoppers and troughs having means whereby the weight of the feeding stock may control the flow of feed from hopper to trough or the uncovering of the trough, the essential feature lying in the fact that the stock seeking food controls access to it or the rate of its flow, or both, by stepping upon a platform or treadle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76

Charge delivering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure transfers a specific quantity of nourishment from the hopper into the trough or elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.11 for a timer controlled feeding device.

Including horizontal transport device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure has a mechanism for transferring the nourishment along a path parallel to the horizon, i.e., horizontally.
(1) Note. A feeding device in which a horizontal auger, etc., functions solely as a discharge assistant for promoting the smooth flow of feed to an underlying trough or which includes a series of reciprocating paddles, etc., for moving
feed back and forth over hopper discharge apertures, e.g., a sweep shuttle, etc., are not proper for this subclass absent any other horizontal transport structure for transferring a charge.

The supply of feed from hopper to trough is controlled by a device operatively connected to the trough, which upon receiving a charge of feed moves said device to shut off the source of supply.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81

Powered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure uses motorized structure for moving the nourishment or some component of the nourishment supplying structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.92 for a powered feeding structure used in an arrangement other than a hopper and trough type.

Conveyor in a linear trough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment moving motorized structure is used for moving the nourishment inside a straight portion of the trough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.7 for a endless belt or screw conveyor hopper attachment used to dispense food above a stationary trough.

Feed recirculated to hopper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.2. Subject
matter wherein the nourishment is returned to the hopper for reuse after passage through the trough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.2 for arrangements whereby feed is simply recirculated about an endless circuit without final deposition into a supply hopper.

Utilizing discrete troughs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure uses spaced apart troughs to provide separate animal eating places.

Feed dispensing hopper portion or attachment moves relative to stationary underlying trough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Subject matter wherein the nourishment moving motorized structure repositions a nourishment dispersing portion of the hopper, or apparatus connected to the hopper, to serve various locations above a static trough.

Entire hopper moved:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.5. Subject matter wherein the nourishment moving motorized structure repositions the complete hopper to various locations along the static trough.

Endless belt or screw conveyor hopper attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.5. Subject matter wherein the apparatus connected to the hopper is a (1) band-like structure movable continuously along a path defined by its longitudinal axis and providing an uninterrupted surface for carrying the nourishment, or (2) helical auger formation which is rotated about its longitudinal axis to move the nourishment.
(1) Note. While the nourishment carrying surface of the endless belt itself is uninterrupted, the inclusion of a sweep member or other mechanism which pushes feed from the belt surface to an underlying trough would be proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.2 for a conveyor found in a linear trough for moving the feed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 657 for a screw conveyor, per se, and subclasses 804+ for an endless conveyor, per se.

Having a perch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure includes specific structure for supporting the entire weight of the animal as it eats.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52.2 for similar structure used in a hopper and trough arrangement.
72 and subclass 77 in particular, for a device used to provide water or liquid feed, e.g., sugar water, etc., with a viscosity similar to water, to an animal, e.g., a hummingbird feeder, etc.

And feature for excluding undesirable animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.8. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure further includes structure for preventing an unwanted animal from obtaining nourishment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52.3 for similar structure used in a hopper and trough arrangement.

Having feed scatterer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure includes apparatus for strewing the nourishment over an extended area, e.g., on the ground.

Powered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.01. Subject matter wherein the nourishment supplying structure uses motorized structure for moving the nourishment or some component of the nourishment supplying structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.1 for a powered feeding structure used in a hopper and trough arrangement.

Combinations of a rack for hay or coarse fodder and a trough for receiving and holding concentrated feed or for supporting the fodder in the rack or receiving it when dislodged from the rack.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 52, and indented subclasses, and 60, for details.

Combined racks and troughs having means to permit the exclusion of stock from the feed trough or rack, both or either, at the option of the attendant.

Apparatus for holding the various fodder and bulky food, specially designed to prevent the wasting of said foods and characterized by the presence of open slat-work, grids, or parallel bars, for supporting or inclosing and preventing waste of fodder.

Miscellaneous feeding devices consisting of open receptacles specially designed to receive and hold feed accessible to animals. Trough guards and similar devices designed to prevent the fouling and wasting of feed are also included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for analogous devices, and 65, and indented subclasses for easily portable feed troughs, pails and boxes performing the function of the conventional "nose bag".

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, for metal troughs of general application.

Troughs normally closed, but adapted to be automatically opened by animals approaching them for the purpose of feeding.

Troughs provided with means for excluding stock therefrom at the option of the attendant for the purpose of permitting him to place food in said trough without interference, of cleaning the same, or of limiting the quantity of food consumed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for troughs having a mere guard for preventing the fouling of food or for preventing the monopoly thereof by the stronger members of the feeding stock and which are not elsewhere placed.

Devices to be applied to the manger or trough to discourage, prevent, or cure the habit of seizing, sucking, or biting the manger or trough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
823 and indented subclasses for devices applied to the head of the animal to prevent cribbing.

Miscellaneous bags, nose bags, pails, boxes, etc., specially designed to be employed in feeding animals and adapted to be placed easily in position and removed therefrom for transportation or storage, the invention lying primarily in the structure of the receptacle. Inventions residing in the apparatus employed in supporting the feed-bag in operative position are classified in one of the subclasses hereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
150, Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers, 154 for a flaccid protective cover which is configured for and supported by the article it protects.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 371 for spring wound reel.
267, Spring Devices, subclass 69, and indented subclasses for elastic supports of general utility.

Feed-bags adapted to be supported from the head of the feeding animal by means of straps, halters, bridles, or other devices capable of holding said receptacles in operative position wherein the claimed invention includes the structure of the supporting means.

Feed-bags provided with means for supporting them from the harness of an animal or some specially constructed devices secured to the animal about the base of the neck or body, or both, and designed so to support the receptacle as to allow free movement of the head of the animal with references to said receptacle, the invention residing in the means of support rather than in the construction of the feed-bag.

Feed-bags provided with means for supporting them from the pole or thills of a vehicle, the invention residing in the supporting means rather than in the receptacle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 95 for bag supports.

Feed-bags to be supported by a standard adapted to rest upon the ground.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 95 for bag supports.

BIRDBATH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of a water holding or spraying structure for use by an animal taxonomically classified in the class Aves, i.e., a bird, to splash water on itself.
(1) Note. The bird may additionally use the birdbath for a drinking purpose.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
72 for an animal watering device.

Devices constructed to supply feed to poultry in a manner to promote exercise.

Devices having one or more nipples and a corresponding number of tubes leading to a source of liquid-food supply, designed to be employed in conveying liquid nourishment to the young of mammals. These devices may be of comparatively large capacity, such as pails, tanks, or casks, and the suckling appliances suitable for young calves, colts, pigs, etc.

Inventions not otherwise classifiable especially designed for supplying animals with drink. This subclass and the indented subclasses also include those devices designed for supplying liquid-food, such as buttermilk, etc., as well as structures equally adapted to use as a feeding or watering device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for a feeding device used to supply nourishment to an animal wherein the nourishment, if in a flowable form, has viscosity characteristics significantly different from water.
51.5 for a feeding device combined with a watering device.
69.5 for a birdbath.

Watering devices in which the water is delivered in drop form.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, 420 for drop forming dispensers and see the notes thereto.

Water holding devices for supplying stock involving a trough or the combination of a barometric fountain or other means of constant supply and a trough with means to prevent the freezing of the water or to regulate the temperature for other purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 601, 605, 672+, and 122 for compositions useful for insulating purposes.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 374.1 for an open-top liquid heating vessel that may include a lid and a condition responsive feature.
137, Fluid Handling, 334 for tanks and other fluid handling devices with means for heating as for preventing freezing and subclass 375 for tanks and other fluid handling provided with insulating jackets.
217, Wooden Receptacles, and 220, Receptacles, particulrly 560.12, 592.01+, and 903, for apparatus and methods relating to heat insulation.
252, Compositions, subclass 62 for heat insulating compositions.
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclasses 441-464 for a tank- or container-type liquid heater.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which may possess structure or be of such a composition as to inherently influence the loss or gain of heat; see particularly 304.4, 426+, 457+, and 920+ (a cross-reference art collection).

Devices not otherwise classifiable specially designed to serve water to domestic animals, involving a trough and source of supply therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for analogous structures designed to hold feed and usually involving those modifications incident upon the serving of solids instead of liquids.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 192 for bin or hopper type building constructions with a material port.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 380.1 for an open-top liquid heating vessel that may include a lid having a supply of liquid to the vessel.
220, Receptacles, for metallic tanks and troughs of general application.

Animal-watering fountains and troughs comprising a source of supply, a valve or pump controlling said supply, and means operatively connected to said valve or pump and operable by pressure exercised by the animal, generally by the nose of forehead for regulating or causing the supply to the trough.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.5 and 54, for details.

Stock-watering fountains and troughs comprising a source of supply and a means for controlling the source of supply adapted to be operated by the weight of the animal seeking water, generally applied by stepping upon a platform or treadle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 and appropriate subclasses indented under subclass 51 for details.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps details. Animal treadle operated pumps, not in combination with a receiving trough for the pumped fluid, are classified in Class 417.

Stock-watering fountains and troughs comprising a barometric fountain so related to the trough as to afford a constant supply of water to said trough at a fixed level.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 374.1 for an open-top liquid heating vessel that may include a lid and a condition responsive feature.
137, Fluid Handling, 453 for barometric level maintaining systems in general.
222, Dispensing, subclass 353, 437, 457, 479, and especially subclasses 585+ for barometric inkwells.

Combined fountains and troughs wherein the supply to the trough is controlled by a float valve.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 374.1 for an open-top liquid heating vessel that may include a lid and a condition responsive feature.
137, Fluid Handling, 409 for fountains and troughs automatically controlled by a float where the means for control usually consists of an inlet valve so related to a float that the level of the liquid supplied is maintained at a predetermined point.

Fountains and troughs wherein a float-operated, hinged, flap, or oscillating valve controls the supply conduit.

Fountains and troughs having a float-operated reciprocating valve controlling the source of supply.

Fountains and troughs having depressible water receptacles connected to a water-supply valve, so as to hold it open when in its uppermost position. The weight of the water in the receptacle causes the trough to move and close the supply valve.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 386 for tanks combined with automatic devices for maintaining a liquid level.

WASTE TOILET OR RELATED DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of a receiver for collecting an animal waste product, i.e., excrement or urine, or structure associated with such a use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for moisture absorbing material, per se, which may be disclosed for use in a waste toilet.
867 for a manure pouch used to receive animal excrement or urine.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate subclasses for a waste toilet suitable for use only by a human, i.e., without any animal accommodating feature.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly 1.3 for a sanitary handler for pet droppings.

Mounted above or within existing human commode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter consisting of structure supported over or inside a waste toilet normally used by a human being.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate subclasses for a waste toilet intended for use by a human, i.e., without any animal accommodating feature.

Activated by presence of animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter having an operating mechanism actuated in response to the animal approaching, using, or leaving the waste product collecting receiver or associated structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 for a washing or spraying device, respectively, used for antivermin treatment which may additionally be actuated by the presence of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, particularly 302 and 313 for means to cause a toilet flushing device to operate automatically when a condition occurs.

Underlying belt type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter wherein the actuated mechanism is a flexible, relatively continuous band of material or fabric positioned beneath the animal and used to help remove the animal waste product.
(1) Note. A belt may be formed from an uninterrupted length of material, a series of spaced bars, plates, or other transversely disposed members which, as a whole, are capable of supporting and removing an animal waste product. It may be an endless loop of material or a web of material feeding from a supply reel or source to a collection reel, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 810.1 for a condition responsive, power-driven, endless conveyor.

Walled receptacle; e.g., litter box, etc., containing moisture absorbent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Subject matter wherein the waste product collecting receiver is configured to have bottom structure surrounded by upstanding side structure and to hold a substance which will soak up, i.e., absorb liquid present in the waste product collected.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171 for material, per se, used to absorb moisture present in a waste product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, particularly subclass 204 for a container including means for removing water, or water vapor, from the atmosphere within the container or the surface of container content.

Having means for separating waste from absorbent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including structure which may be used to isolate the waste product from the liquid absorbing substance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for a walled receptacle having a moisture absorbing pad and often including a protective screen or grid placed above the pad to protect it from scratching by the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, particularly 233 for a sifting device, per se, and subclasses 417+ for a manually supported sifter.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly 1.3 for a sanitary handler for pet droppings.

Flaccid, liner-type separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the waste product isolating structure is a thin, limp sheet or screen which extends upwardly along both an interior bottom and side surface of the waste product collecting receiver.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170 for a walled receptacle having a flaccid liner used to contain both waste and absorbent material.

Having foldable or pivotable portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter wherein the waste product collecting receiver includes a part thereof which is shaped by bending it beyond its elastic limit along a line to form a permanent crease or is otherwise rotated about an axial region.
(1) Note. The folding or pivoting feature must be more than just a lid, cover, separator, or flaccid liner pivotably mounted on or in the receptacle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
229, Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes, particularly 100 for a paperboard box of general utility.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, particularly 162 for the manufacture of a container by folding.

Pad-type absorbent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter wherein the liquid absorbing substance is a sheet-like mat.
(1) Note. A pad made from a sheet of fabric, newspaper, etc., is proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for a walled receptacle having a foraminous separator for sifting a waste product from litter.
170 for a walled receptacle having a flaccid, impervious sheet used as a liner.

Having flaccid liner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including a thin, limp, moisture impervious sheet which extends upwardly along both an interior bottom and side surface of the waste product collecting receiver for holding both the liquid absorbing substance and the waste product.
(1) Note. A flaccid liner is often used to protect the walled receptacle and permit easy disposal of both the waste and absorbent material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for a flaccid, liner-type separator used to isolate the waste product from the absorbent material.

MATERIAL FOR ABSORBING MOISTURE FROM WASTE PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of a substance which is used to soak up, i.e., absorb, liquid present in animal excrement or urine.
(1) Note. The absorbent material, while usually in the form of small granular, formed, or cut pieces of matter, may also be in other forms, e.g., a pad, etc.
(2) Note. The absorbent material may additionally be used as bedding for an animal in some circumstances, e.g., in a stall, etc., in order to improve sanitary conditions, reduce odors, or provide comfort for lying animals.
(3) Note. A U.S. patent having a claimed disclosure to a type of absorbent material specifically provided for hereunder, i.e., paper related or clay component type, has been placed in the appropriate indented subclass as an original classification and cross referenced back to this outdent subclass when another embodiment is also disclosed or claimed, e.g., absorbent material containing alfalfa, peanut hulls, diatomaceous earth, wood shavings, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for an animal confining or housing device which may include absorbent material spread over a bottom portion thereof.
28.5 for an animal bed or rest which may include absorbent material spread over a bottom portion thereof.
45 for a nest or nest appliance in which a fowl may lay an egg.
165 for a walled receptacle which contains a material used to absorb liquid present in an animal waste product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, particularly subclass 76.6 for a deodorizing composition for fecal material, urine, pet litter, etc.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, particularly 400 for a solid sorbent composition in general.

Having paper-related component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter wherein the liquid absorbing substance includes cellulose which is initially in the form of a thin, matted, fibrous sheet, i.e., paper, or is created from a pulp, sludge, or slurry associated therewith.
(1) Note. Wood or cellulose particles, per se, are not proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. Subsequently, the paper related component may be made into pellets, granules, cut strips, etc.

Having clay component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter wherein the liquid absorbing substance includes a naturally occurring, fine grained, earthy, hydrated aluminum silicate containing composition, i.e., clay.
(1) Note. Absorbent material in which clay serves only as a binder for the particles or is otherwise present in only minute quantities is excluded from this subclass.
(2) Note. The term "clay" includes materials commonly known as attapulgite, bentonite, fuller's earth, halloysite, illite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for absorbent material wherein paper or a derivative thereof is present along with clay.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, particularly 80 for a clay composition having sorbent characteristics and subclasses 400+ for a solid sorbent composition in general.

MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter and not provided for in any of the above subclasses.

AQUATIC ANIMAL CULTURING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the propagation and care of one or more water living animals.
(1) Note. This subclass includes marine mammals, such as the whale, etc., which normally reside in water.

Handling and transportation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter including the preparation of and apparatus for sustaining one or more living aquatic animals during transfer, shipment, and temporary storage.

Including vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter wherein the apparatus for transport includes a vehicle such as a ship or truck which has a portion in which the animals are held while transported.

Fish transportation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Subject matter wherein the aquatic animals transported are fish (e.g., an animal of the super class Pisces).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 54.1 for receptacle for use in fishing for holding catch, bait, etc.

Crustacean culturing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relating to the care and propagation of lobster, shrimp, or other aquatic arthropods that have a chitinous or calcareous exoskeleton.

Mating, spawning, and hatching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter including methods and apparatus relating to crustacean egg fertilization, incubation, and emergent larva cultivation.

With separating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter including means for removing one or more crustacea from a community thereof for further culturing or use thereof.

Habitat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter including method or apparatus for housing and cultivating crustacea.

Offshore:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Subject matter for particular use in a natural marine environment.

Individual habitat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Subject matter wherein there are provided separate compartments each sized to house a single crustacean.

With feeding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Subject matter including apparatus for providing a supply of food to each compartment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for animal-feeding device and especially subclass 51.04 for a device for feeding an aquatic animal.

Habitat with recirculation and filter means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Subject matter including means for housing and cultivating crustacea which means include a water containment structure which further includes means to cause recirculation of the contained water while removing contaminants therefrom as it passes through separating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 169 for filter meant for aquarium installation.

Feeding method:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter relating to a process for providing nutrients to crustacea.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for an animal-feeding device and especially subclass 51.04 for a device for feeding an aquatic animal.
230 for a fish-feeding method.
242 for a mollusk-feeding method.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 2 for a method of feeding a live animal.

Separation or harvest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter including apparatus for removing one or more crustacean from a community thereof for further use including collection for human food purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, particularly 4 for hooking or gathering "fish" and 100+ for a trap used to catch "fish" (as defined "fish" includes crustacea).

Preserving or storing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter directed to maintaining crustacean life during a period it is kept under conditions for future use such as for consumption or sale.
(1) Note. The conditions under which the crustacean is kept may include deprivation of food or providing less space which affects oxygen requirements, for example.

Fish culturing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relating to the care and propagation of fish (e.g., an animal
of the super class Pisces).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, subclass 300 for an animal marker.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 4 for a fishing method and apparatus and subclasses 7+ for a net.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 81 for fishway for passing obstruction in stream.
606, Surgery, subclass 117 for means for applying an animal (i.e., fish) identification device (i.e., tag).

Live fish sorting or grading:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including apparatus for separating live fish according to size.

Spawning, hatching, and early development:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including method or apparatus relating to fish egg fertilization, incubation, and emergent fry culturing.

Fish incubator or hatching tray:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter including apparatus by which fish eggs are hatched artificially under controlled environmental conditions.

Fish diverter or barrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including means to prevent or control the movement of fish past or through certain objects or locations.

Electric type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein electricity is used, for example, to produce pulses in water sensed by fish to control their movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 17.1 for an apparatus for applying an electric current to fish or water to lure or drive them.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 106 for an electrical pulse producing system.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 852 for an underwater electrical communication conductor.

Artificial reef or habitat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a device usually positioned on the sea bottom or in man-made bodies of water to facilitate fish-gathering and culturing thereon.

With tire component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter wherein at least a portion of the habitat is constructed from one or more discarded rubberlike vehicle supporting members.

Floating fish rearing assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including means for buoyantly supporting within or on the water a habitat for housing and cultivating fish.
(1) Note. The assembly does not have to float at the water surface but may be all or partly submerged.

Tank array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a plurality of interconnected or cooperatively arranged water containment structures for housing fish.

Sequential or stepwise tank array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter wherein the tanks are connected such that water serially flows therethrough.
(1) Note. The water flow direction may have vertical or horizontal components.

Fish enclosure - recirculating type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a water containment structure for sustaining fish and having means for removing a portion of the water and returning it to the containment structure after treatment to improve its life sustaining properties.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 416.2 for a filter with a cooperating pump adapted for use in an aquarium.
220, Receptacles, 4.12 for a sectional tank for fluid.

With biological filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter wherein the recirculated water is treated by a passthrough apparatus in which living organisms are utilized for water treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
260 for a biological-type aquarium filter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 601 for water treatment by a living organism.

Fish enclosure - nonrecirculating type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a water containment structure for sustaining fish life and absent any removal and return of treated water into such structure.

With heat exchanger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Subject matter including apparatus to affect the temperature of the water contained in the fish enclosure by heat transfer means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for an aquarium with a heat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclass 441, for a tank-type liquid heater, and subclass 458 for a heating device located outside the tank and in heat exchange relation to the liquid to be heated.

Feeding method:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter relating to a process for the nourishment of fish.
(1) Note. A method for food manufacturing (i.e., algae cultivating) is included herein if the food is available for nourishment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for an animal-feeding device, especially subclass 51.04 for a device for feeding an aquatic animal.
212 for a crustacea-feeding method.
242 for a mollusk-feeding method.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 2 for a method of feeding a live animal.

Water treatment composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter comprising chemical treatment including additives or other means to affect the life sustaining properties of the fish containing aqueous medium.
(1) Note. Included herein are "artificial seawater compositions."

Cleaning-sweeper or mechanical agitator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including apparatus utilizing pressurized water circulation to aid in removing fish tank sediment or apparatus to mechanically cause suspension of such sediment to aid in its removal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 22.18 for pressurized fluid or fluid manipulation, and subclass 24 for utilization of a nozzle when treating an interior surface.

Cover, light or ray affecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including means to selectively intercept visible light and other radiation impinging upon the water surface of a fish pond or tank.

Mollusk culturing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relating to the propagation and care of oyster, clam, or other aquatic animals with a soft unsegmented body enclosed in a calcareous shell.

Reclaiming oyster ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter related to the treating of tideland to remove infestation of starfish, burrowing shrimp, drills, and other vermin and to improve it for oyster cultivating.

Spawning, hatching, and larval development:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter relating to mollusk egg production and fertilization and the early culturing of the hatched organism.

Spat collector (cultch):
This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Subject matter wherein the larvae do not attach to objects (cultch) but are nonetheless successfully sustained and grown without them.

Offshore habitat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter including method and apparatus for promoting the larvae, especially of the oyster, to "set" or attach itself to a surface suitable for further growing.

Flotation type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter including method and apparatus for housing and cultivating mollusk in a natural marine environment.

Multiple container assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein means are provided to supply positive buoyancy to at least a portion of the habitat.
(1) Note. The habitat does not have to float at the water surface but may be all or partly submerged.

Cultchless cultivation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Subject matter wherein the habitat comprises a plurality of cooperating individual containment structures.

Feeding method:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter relating to a process for the nourishment of mollusk.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for an animal-feeding device, especially subclass 51.04 for a device for feeding an aquatic animal.
212 for a crustacea-feeding method.
230 for a fish-feeding method.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, subclass 2 for a method of feeding a live animal.

Purification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter relating to the depuration of tainted mollusk.

Pearl production:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter relating to the utilization of the necre-secreting cells within a pearl-producing mollusk.

Aquarium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter relating to a water containing tank or vessel which ordinarily houses aquatic animals and which has one or more transparent portions so that the inhabitants thereof can be observed from the exterior.
(1) Note. This subclass includes aquarium equipment and accessories not elsewhere provided for.
(2) Note. In certain instances, the aquarium may be partially or fully emptied and used to house small land animals, for example.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 7 for a fishing net.
137, Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses, and especially subclass 386 for a liquid level responsive or maintaining system.

Aquarium combination (e.g., aquarium-terrarium, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein there is in cooperation with aquarium structure additional structure directed to the housing and display of other life, such as plant, insect, or land animal life.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, appropriate subclasses.

Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Aquariums claimed in combination with subject matter not provided for in this class and which perform a function other than to perfect means that are provided for in the class, for example, aquariums combined with lamps or articles of furniture are proper for this subclass.

Multicompartment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the aquarium consists of a tank or vessel which is divided by structural means into two or more separate spaces.
(1) Note. The tank may include both animal habitat spaces as well as other integral spaces for components such as a filter.

Supported water column:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein atmospheric air pressure is utilized to support a portion of the aquarium water media above the ordinary atmospheric exposed water surface of an aquarium.

For joining aquariums:
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter wherein a water column provides a bridge between at least two separate aquariums.

Tank within tank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including an enclosure for water which is adapted to be at least partially submerged in cooperative relationship inside another such enclosure such as a larger aquarium.

Breeder type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Subject matter including structure for allowing the escape of live babies from a fish giving birth in the innermost submerged tank.

Ornamental:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including aquarium apparatus and structure of the kind to embellish or adorn the basic visual attractiveness of the aquarium.
(1) Note. Ornamental features include, among others, aquarium shape, underwater decoration, toys, aesthetic use of a water or aeration device, and aesthetically improved fish viewing apparatus.
(2) Note. Certain structures which conceal aquarium life support elements may be considered as visually enhancing and are included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially 15 for three dimension imitation or "treated" natural product.

Air operated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter including ornamental means which utilize pressurized gas to produce a visual effect such as a bubble driven ornament or device.

Liquid display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter including ornamental means which utilize water beyond that ordinarily contained in the aquarium to produce a visual effect such as a waterfall.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 406 for a display device with gas or liquid movement.

Submerged display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the ornamental structural feature is situated and viewed underwater while contained in the aquarium.

Wall-type aquarium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the aquarium is structured to be mounted on or in a side or inner portion of a building or other such vertical structure.

Employing mirror:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein one or more reflective surfaces are utilized to enhance the visual appearance of the aquarium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, 838 for mirror structure.

Filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including means cooperating with the aquarium structure to cause recirculation of the contained water while removing contaminants therefrom as it passes through a media holding device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 169 for a filter meant for aquarium installation.

Biological type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter wherein the filtering system contains organisms which process wastes to decontaminate the circulated water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for a fish enclosure of the recirculating water type using a biological filter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 601 for water treatment by a living organism.

With aerator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter including means to provide oxygen enrichment to water in the aquarium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for an aquarium aerator, per se.

And heat exchanger:
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including means to raise or lower the aquarium water temperature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
229 for a fish enclosure with a heat exchanger.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, subclass 523 for a heating device having a housing, casing, or support Insertable into material or space to be heated (e.g., immersion type, etc.).
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, subclass 441 for a tank-type liquid heater and subclass 458 for a heating device located outside a tank in heat exchange relation to a liquid
to be heated.

Aerator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including apparatus providing oxygen enrichment to water in the aquarium.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for an aquarium aerator and filter combination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, especially 194 for electrolytic water treatment apparatus.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, especially 742 for electrolytic treatment of water, sewage, or other waste water.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, especially 122.1 for a submerged screen through which a gas passes into liquid contained in a receptacle.

Aquarium cleaning (nonfilter type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including apparatus for removing contaminants from the aquarium environment without utilizing a water filter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate subclasses, especially 105 for combined tools and subclasses 244.1+ for a sponge-type tool.

Cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including a device extending over an air exposed opening of an aquarium to exclude dust or prevent the escape of an inhabitant therefrom.

With light:
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Subject matter including an illumination device in connection with the cover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 217 for an elongated source light unit or support.

Aquarium illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including means cooperating with the aquarium structure to provide enhanced interior lighting thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, subclass 101 for a light source combined with a receptacle for holding a liquid.

Chemical treatment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein selective chemical substances are utilized to alter certain properties of the aquarium water and environment.

Aquarium structural elements and assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter including aquarium structure such as floor, wall, and sealing means necessary to permanently contain the water environment therein and apparatus or a method of associating such elements.
(1) Note. A patent is placed as an original in this subclass if it claims structural details of the containment structure (i.e., a mere nominal recitation of a floor or wall etc., is insufficient to place a patent here).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses, especially 4.12 for a tank for fluid.

SILKWORM CULTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter related to the care and propagation of the "worm" and other forms of those moths whose larvae produce silk.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.5 for subject matter related to the propagation, care, or observation of an insect or an insect larva other than a silkworm.
6.7 for subject matter related to the propagation or care of a worm, e.g., belonging to the phyla Annelida, Nematoda, etc.

METHOD OF INCUBATION OR BROODING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process disclosing poultry incubation or brooding, including moisture supply, ventilation and temperature regulation to provide optimum conditions inside the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for apparatus for a brooder.
311 for apparatus for incubation.

DUAL PURPOSE BROODER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices capable of(1) performing the functions of a brooder and incubator simultaneously, the combination involving a separate chamber for each function, both warmed from the same source of heat,(2) converting from an incubator to a brooder or visa versa, or (3) performing another function not related to animal husbandry, such as seedling propagation, concurrent with its brooding or incubating function.
(1) Note. The brooder is distinguishable from the incubator in that the brooder provides a hover or canopy for the chicks protection, while the incubator is merely designed to receive the newly hatched chicks pending their removal to the brooder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for apparatus for a brooder.
311 for apparatus for incubation.

BROODER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a small, warmed chick housing chamber, provided with a hover, hover chamber, or canopy to perform the function of a mother fowl in providing shelter and warmth to the chicks.
(1) Note. For original classification of a patent in this and indented subclasses, there must be claimed some structure, in addition to a heating or ventilation system, which particularizes the device for the confinement or protection of the chicks. Merely calling a device a brooder is insufficient disclosure for placement in this subclass. Examples of particularizing structures are attraction lights, dropping boards, and spacers, or other antismothering devices.
(2) Note. The hover structure is a component within the brooder chamber constructed of a flexible material, usually feathers. The hover is designed to lie in close proximity to the chicks, so that in brushing against their backs, it provides not only warmth but a sense of security.
(3) Note. A hover chamber is a smaller compartment containing a hover structure as defined above which is enclosed within and distinct from the brooder chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for a brooder combined with an incubator.
437 for housing structure lacking a hover, hover chamber, or canopy structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, 2 and 6 for an environmental regulation device for an incubator or brooder.
237, Heating Systems, 3 and 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or incubator.

Warmed by water (i.e., radiator or boiler):
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Brooder with a fuel consuming heating system consisting of a series of coils or pipes through which a fluid medium (e.g., hot water or steam) circulates to warm the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for a brooder warmed by air.
308 for a brooder warmed by an electrical component.
310 for a brooder warmed by a fireless means.
312 for a water warmed incubator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, subclass 4 and 15 for a heating system for use in a brooder or incubator.

Warmed by directed air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Brooder provided with a fuel consuming heating system which warms the incoming air and directs it, by means of conduits, fans, etc., throughout the brooder chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303, for a brooder warmed by water.
308 for a brooder warmed by an electrical component.
310 for a brooder warmed by a fireless means.
315 for a air warmed incubator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 58 for air heating system.
237, Heating Systems, subclass 3 and 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

Having a central heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Brooder having a primary heating system located in the center of the chick chamber to warm the surrounding air.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 for an air warmed incubator with a central heating source.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, subclass 3 and 14 for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

With environmental control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Brooder including a sensing means, such as a thermostat, which is responsive to environmental changes within the brooder and in detecting a change will make adjustments to maintain optimum conditions within the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
314 317 and 319, for an environmental control device used in an incubator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3, and 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

With canopy to distribute warmth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Brooder including shielding structure within the chamber, generally constructed of rigid material and attached to the ceiling, which is intended to lie in close proximity to the chicks and whose primary functions include even distribution of heat over the chicks and prevention of drafts.
(1) Note. While the canopy is intended to lie in close
proximity to the chicks, it should not brush against their backs as a hover does.

Warmed by electrical component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Brooder which uses heat generated by an electricity conducting device, such as a heating coil, to warm the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for an incubator heated by an electrical component.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 385 for a heating device combined with a container, enclosure, or support for material to be heated.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses for electrical resistors, per se.

Incandescent lamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Brooder wherein the heat generated is from a filament enclosed in a sealed transparent envelope.

Warmed by fireless heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Brooders so constructed that the temperature is maintained in the brood chamber by (1) conserving warmth from a previous heating or (2) by utilizing the heat resulting from organic fermentation or any other heating process not due to the combustion of fuel.
(1) Note. If the patent provides no specific manner of heating, or only insulating material combined with a canopy or hover, it should be placed in subclass 302.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 for housing structure lacking a hover, hover chamber, or canopy structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 601, 605, 672+, and 122 for heat insulating plastic or coating compositions.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 273.5 and 375 for casings showing heat insulation.
217, Wooden Receptacles, for casings showing heat insulation.
220, Receptacles, 560.12, 592.01+, and 903, for casings showing heat insulation.
252, Compositions, subclass 62 for other heat insulating compositions.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 304.4 for a composite product in which at least one component is either porous or cellular (generally useful for insulation); and cross-reference art collection 920 for a similar product having heat insulating features.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, 80 for heat insulating ceramic compositions.

INCUBATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter specifically designed to hatch fowls from eggs.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for housing structure not specifically designed to hatch fowls from eggs and having a hover, hover chamber, or canopy structure.
437 for housing structure not specially designed to hatch fowls from eggs and lacking a hover, hover chamber, or canopy structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 113 and 508 for combined heaters and air moisteners, subclass 293 for manually operated combined dampers and ventilators.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, for ventilation of heaters of general application, and for
ventilators indivisibly related to temperature regulation and which are employed to perform the double function of regulating the temperature of the egg chamber and the amount of fresh air admitted thereto, and for thermostatic devices for regulating temperature.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, for the general art of air moistening.
454, Ventilation, for the generic art of ventilation.

Warmed by water:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Brooder with a fuel consuming heating system consisting of a series of coils or pipes through which a fluid medium (e.g., hot water or steam) circulates to warm the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
303, for a brooder warmed by water.
315 for an incubator warmed by air.
318 for an incubator warmed by an electrical component.
320 for an incubator warmed by fireless means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, subclass 4 and 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or incubator.

Having a lateral heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Brooder having a primary heating system located to one side of the egg chamber to warm the surrounding air.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3 and subclasses 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

With environmental control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Incubator including a sensing means, such as a thermostat, which is responsive to environmental changes within the brooder and in detecting a change will make adjustments to maintain optimum conditions within the chamber

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for a brooder with an environmental regulation means.
317 for a warm air-heated incubator with an environmental regulation means.
319 for an electrically heated incubator with an environmental control means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3 and subclass 15 for a heating system, a brooder, or an incubator.

Warmed by directed air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Brooder provided with a fuel consuming heating system which warms the incoming air and directs it, by means of conduits, fans, etc., throughout the brooder chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for a brooder warmed by directed air.
312 for an incubator warmed by water.
318 for an incubator warmed by an electrical component.
320 for an incubator warmed by a fireless means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
126, Stoves and Furnaces, 58 for air heating system.
237, Heating Systems, 3 and subclasses 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

Having a lateral heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Brooder having
a primary heating system located to one side of the egg chamber to warm the surrounding air.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3 and subclasses 14+ for a heating system for use in a brooder or an incubator.

With environmental control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Incubator including a sensing means, such as a thermostat, which is responsive to environmental changes within the brooder and in detecting a change will make adjustments to maintain optimum conditions within the chamber

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for a brooder with an environmental control.
314 for a warm water heated incubator with an environmental control.
319 for an electrically heated incubator with an environmental control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3 and subclasses 14+ for automatic controls for heating systems in a brooder or incubator.

Warmed by electrical component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Incubator which uses heat generated by an electricity conducting device, such as a heating coil, to warm the chamber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for a brooder heated by an electrical component.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 385 for a heating device combined with a container, enclosure, or support for material to be heated.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclasses for electrical resistors, per se.

With environmental control means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Incubator including a sensing means, such as a thermostat, which is responsive to environmental changes within the brooder and in detecting a change will make adjustments to maintain optimum conditions within the chamber

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
306 for a brooder with an environmental control.
314 for a warm water heated incubator with an environmental control.
319 for an electrically heated incubator with an environmental control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
237, Heating Systems, 3 and 14+ for automatic controls for heating systems in brooders or incubators.

Warmed by fireless heater:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Brooders so constructed that the temperature is maintained in the brood chamber by (1) conserving warmth from a previous heating or (2) utilizing the heat resulting from organic fermentation or any other heating process not due to the combustion of fuel.
(1) Note. If the patent provides no specific manner of heating or only insulating material, it should be placed in subclass 311.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 601, 605, 672+, and 122 for heat insulating plastic or coating compositions.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, subclass 273.5 and 375 for casings showing heat insulation.
217, Wooden Receptacles, for casings showing heat insulation.
220, Receptacles, 560.12, 592.01+, and 903, for casings showing heat insulation.
252, Compositions, subclass 62 for other heat insulating compositions.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially 304.4 for a composite product in which at least one component is either porous or cellular (generally useful for insulation); and cross-reference art collection 920 for a similar product having heat insulating features.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, 80 for heat insulating ceramic compositions.

Having egg contacting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Incubators having a device to convey heat to the eggs by physical contact with a warm body other than air.

Egg tray:
Incubator egg trays designed to be used for supporting eggs in an incubator during the period of incubation and turning them for the purpose of presenting a fresh supply of egg food to the growing chick.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, 510 for egg testers combined with assorting means.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 61 for egg trays used to support eggs in a candling operation.

Having an egg turner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Egg trays designed to turn the eggs during the period of incubation to present a fresh supply of nutrients to the growing embryo.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are egg trays supported entirely by a handling system which merely transports an egg or group of eggs to or from the incubator
rather than turning them for the purpose of supplying nutrients to the chick.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 242 for egg preserving apparatus combined with egg turners and egg turners, per se, used in preserving eggs.

With rotary carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Incubator including an egg turner having a carrier or cup which turns about a single axis at least 180 degrees.
(1) Note. A rotating carrier generally consists of, but is not limited to, either a flat disc with egg cups rotating about its central axis or a cylindrical cage designed to turn about its longitudinal axis.

With tilting carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Incubator including an egg turner having a carrier designed to oscillate, thus imparting a rocking motion to the tray.
(1) Note. Those egg turners having carriers which rotate through an angle equal to or greater than 180 degrees should be placed in subclass 324.

Attached to longitudinally moving support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Incubator including an egg turner having a carrier whose oscillating movement is achieved through a connection between the carrier and a linearly moving support.

With endless belt or roller carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Incubator including an egg turner consisting of a plurality of rolls or
endless belts designed to revolve thereby turning the egg.

Attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Incubator including miscellaneous devices not provided for elsewhere, which are designed to improve the overall performance of the incubator, but are not necessary for its normal course of operations.

BIRD NEST OR APPLIANCE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of (1) a small structure shaped to serve as a place in which a single fowl may lay an egg (i.e., a nest) or (2) a device used therewith.
(1) Note. Included herein are devices (intended to be used in conjunction with the bird nest) which perform a particular function for care of the nest fowl or egg and are not provided for elsewhere (i.e. timers, egg protectors, and sitting inhibitors).
(2) Note. Included herein are devices consisting of loose particulate or fibrous material, either manmade or natural, intended to be used as a nesting material for the fowl.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 for poultry housing designed to hold a substantial number of bird nests or fowls.

Egg and fowl trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Nest designed to either (1) trap both the egg and the fowl or (2) be readily convertible from an egg trap to a fowl trap and visa versa.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for a trap which only captures an egg.
339 for a trap which only captures a fowl.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 58 for traps of general application and details applicable to this art.

Having fowl actuated releasing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Egg and fowl trap including means whereby the fowl may release itself from the trap regardless of whether it lays an egg or not.

Having egg actuated releasing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Egg and fowl trap whereby the laid egg activates a door releasing means.

With fowl segregating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Egg and fowl trap including means to insure that the laying fowls are released into an area separate from the nonlaying fowls.

Egg trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Nest having a device to convey the egg from the nest or to a separate container out of reach of the fowl

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for a trap which captures an egg and a fowl.
339 for a trap which only captures a fowl.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 58 for traps of general application and details applicable to this art.

Having an inclining nest bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Egg trap including a nest bottom that forms an angle with the adjacent wall of the trap, sloping downward so that an egg may roll from the nest area.
(1) Note. Included herein is a nest bottom with a biasing means attached so that when the fowl leaves the nest it pivots, causing the egg to roll from the area.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for a nest disclosing no visible distinction between the wall and the bottom of the nest, such as oval nests, having an aperture yet sloping downward at some angle to direct the egg into the hole.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for nests without a visible distinction between the walls and the bottom, such as oval nests having an aperture and sloping downward at some angle.

Intended for use with plural nests:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. A nest having an egg trap specifically intended to be used with other nests to form a battery of nests to receive a plurality of fowl.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 for bird housing not claiming any means of egg or fowl trapping, yet designed to hold a comparatively large number of mature fowls, and which provides no significant disclosure as to the individual nests contained within the building.

Which removes eggs via endless conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Nest having an egg trap whereby an egg rolls from the inclined nest bottom and onto a conveyor belt.

And providing additional care:
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Nest having an egg trap wherein additional care is administered to either the fowl or the egg (i.e., feeding, cleaning, or watering).

Fowl trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Nest having a device which once actuated entraps the fowl and excludes others fowls from entering the nest during the period of occupancy.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for a trap which captures an egg and a fowl.
334 for a trap which only captures an egg.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 58 for traps of general application and details applicable to this art.

Having attendant operated released means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Nest having a fowl trap with a device to prevent the escape of the fowl until released by an attendant.

With movable floor or nest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Nest having a fowl trap including a door closing means actuated by the fowls weight as it steps onto a nest, treadle, or platform.
(1) Note. A patent disclosing either a vertically moving nest or an oscillating nest, platform, or treadle would be included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342 for a fowl trap with a movable floor or nest.

Having movable floor or nest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Nest having a fowl trap including a door closing means actuated by the fowls weight as it steps onto a nest, treadle, or platform.
(1) Note. A patent disclosing either a vertically moving nest or an oscillating nest, platform, or treadle would be included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 for an attendant operated fowl trap with a movable floor or nest.

With pivotable nest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. A nest having a fowl trap wherein the nest is mounted within the trap so that the weight of the fowl stepping onto the nest causes the nest to tilt so that a door, structurally linked to the nest, closes and entraps the fowl.

And distinct entry and exit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. A nest having a fowl trap wherein the door through which the fowl enters is separate from the door through which the fowl exits.

Production recording appliance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. A nest appliance to (1) place a distinctive marking on an egg or fowl, (2) place an identifying marker such as a ring on the fowl, or (3) create a listing reflecting some feature of egg generation.
(1) Note. A feature of egg generation may include such characteristics as the quantity or grade of the egg laid.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.8 for subject matter relating to avian egg treatment or
enhancing production thereof.

Support, framework, or collapsible nest:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Bird nest or appliance including therein significant disclosure from the structural framework designed to hold any loose or compacted material either fibrous or particulate which will serve as the fowl's nest or nests having bases and sides designed to be easily assembled and disassembled to facilitate the cleaning or transportation of the nest.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
431 for a collapsible fowl housing device.

Specific nest bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the structure of the nest upon which the fowl rests.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include a patent for a nest wherein the sides are continuous with the nest bottom and no distinct bottom can be discerned (e.g., semispherical in shape).
(2) Note. This subclass provides for nest bottom structure which is more than simple fibers or particulate matter.
(3) Note. The disclosed nest bottom generally serves some specific purpose such as cushioning the egg, providing comfort to the fowl, facilitating cleaning, or disinfecting the nest.

Artificially medicated egg:
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. An imitation egg constructed of materials containing a medicament, such as an insecticide or a disinfectant, or so constructed that it may be charged with a volatile medicament.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
a medicinal or biocidal composition (e.g., disinfectant or insecticide) particularly 405+.

RAILROAD CAR OR OTHER LIVESTOCK LONG DISTANCE CARRYING VEHICLE, (E.G., TRUCK, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to freight or stock cars or other animal shipping conveyances structurally adapted for lengthy transporting and caring for animals.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for handling and transporting of aquatic animals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 355 and appropriate subclasses for general freight car structure.

Poultry transporter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter having a vehicle interior with means included to accommodate a number of domestic fowl.

Having trough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Subject matter including an elongated and accessible receptacle which is utilized for providing feed or water to the transported poultry.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for feeding device, particularly subclasses 52.1+, 57, 58, and 61+ for trough related devices.

With safeguard (e.g., interior buffers, slings, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter
for preventing injury to an animal.
(1) Note. Injury may be prevented due to swaying or jerking of the vehicle as well as those due to long periods of standing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
725 for body sling means of general application.
728 for animal suspending means.

Having vestibule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Having subject matter including a protected passageway to connect contiguous vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 8.1 for vestibule structure of general application.

Convertible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter capable of being altered from a selectively open vehicle (i.e., open side slats) to a closed vehicle.
(1) Note. The vehicle is closed most often for protection against the weather.

Having raised deck:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter including at least one intermediate floor or platform to better utilize vehicle space for smaller stock or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 340 for a car with a double deck specifically adapted to carry human passengers.

Movable or adjustable into place:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter wherein the deck is held in a ready or stored position and is then advanced to its working position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, 370 for a convertible deck freight car of various recited structure.

Having feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter including means for supplying nourishment or drinking liquid to a transported animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 72+ for watering device of general application.

Trough:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter comprising an elongated accessible receptacle for supplying the nourishment or drinking water to a transported animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 for feeding device, particularly subclasses 52.1+, 57, 58, and 61+ for trough related devices.

Pivoted into place:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter wherein the trough is swung about an axis into its operative position.

Having raising and lowering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter including means for moving the trough substantially vertically.
(1) Note. The trough is usually moved to the roof of the vehicle for storage and then returned to its operative lowered position.

Having partition means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter comprising means which subdivide the stock car into stalls or penlike compartments useful for separating animals during transportation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
516 for stall means, particularly subclass 523 for stall sidewall partition.

Flexible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter wherein the partition has the capability to bend or yield and recover as required.

Having raising and lowering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter including means for moving the partition substantially vertically, usually to the roof of the car, and then to return it to its lowered position.

With dynamic support (e.g., rail, slide, roller, rod, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter including means such as rail, slide, roller, and rod devices to support a partition for mechanical movement into and out of operative position.

CONFINING OR HOUSING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a structure which is utilized to restrict an animal to a desired and protected area for facilitating its care for both short and long term management.

For experimental purposes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter wherein confining or housing structure is adapted to allow for scientifically monitoring or studying the behavior or biology of a confined animal.
(1) Note. Requirements of contamination control of the environment, including water and air purity provided to the confined animal, have been taken as an indication of an experimental purpose hereunder.

With biologically isolating ventilation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Subject matter wherein the air or breathing matter supplied to the confined animal is such as to prevent contamination from the surroundings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
600, Surgery, 21 for isolation treatment chamber.

Utilizing air filtration device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Subject matter wherein the ventilation means employs a device through which air or breathing matter passes and is treated to remove biological contaminants.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
55, Gas Separation, for appropriate filter related subclasses such as 315+, 341.1+, and 361+.

With gaseous medium treatment (e.g., inhalation chamber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Subject matter wherein the confined animal is caused to breath fluid or vapor constituents.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 200.24, appropriate subclasses for respiratory method or device.

Having animal activity monitoring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Subject matter including apparatus for sensing or measuring the physical position or locomotor activity of the confined animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 573.1 for human or animal condition responsive indicating system.

Course:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter including a confining device for controlling an animal on a defined pathway (e.g., on a racetrack, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, subclass 85 for racetrack in general.

With racetrack starting means(e.g., gate, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter including means confining an animal, usually a horse or dog
on a racing course such that it may be released simultaneously with others at a given starting moment.

Dog starting box:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter including an enclosure for retaining one or more dogs prior to a race and for simultaneously releasing such dogs at the start thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
472, Amusement Devices, subclass 87 for dog type racetrack.

In motion starting gate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter wherein the starting means is caused to travel on the track towards a starting point whereupon it is actuated to start the race.

Starting gate release means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter including electrically or mechanically operable removable barrier means for starting a race.

Holding and releasing means for sporting animal (e.g., bird, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter wherein an animal, such as a pigeon, is held in a trap and discharged therefrom.
(1) Note. In this subclass, a bird or pigeon may be released for various purposes such as target shooting, bird dog training, and bird racing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, 108 for a game target for a
surface projectile game and subclasses 317+ for a game target for an aerial projectile game.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a game target for a game which uses a tangible projectile (such as a target used for the games of baseball, basketball, football, golf, croquet, hockey, soccer, lacrosse, etc.).

Birdhouse
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter wherein the structure comprises a small enclosure having an opening to admit and shelter a small bird.
(1) Note. The house usually includes means allowing for engagement to a tree or some elevated support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 60 for traps for animals in general.

Combined shelter and feeder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein the birdhouse includes means for providing access to nourishment as well as housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses, for a feeding device, especially subclasses 52.2 and 57.8 for those having a perch.

Converted container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein the birdhouse is reconstructed from a receptacle used originally for another purpose.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein the birdhouse is of such structure in its assembled state that it may be folded or disassembled therefrom.

Having easy cleaning structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter whereby the birdhouse has an assembly which facilitates the removal of extraneous matter such as bird waste and used nesting material.

Main body portion composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Subject matter wherein the principal structural element of the birdhouse is of a specified material or substance.

Metallic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Subject matter wherein the main body material is a metal.

Plastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Subject matter wherein the main body material is of a synthetic formed material known generally as plastic.

Permanent building (e.g., barn, stable, hog house, poultry house, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter directed to an onsite, enclosed, and roofed structure for housing a substantial number of animals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for a building or building component having structural or functional characteristics that may relate to animal confinement or care.

Poultry house:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter having structure and apparatus particularly suited for sheltering domestic fowl.
(1) Note. Included herein is poultry house equipment and furnishings not elsewhere provided for.

Revolving:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter wherein the housing structure is caused to move in a curved path around a center or axis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclass 64 and 65 for rotatable building or component feature in general.

Having conveyor type floor in direct contact with poultry (i.e., individual bird rests on floor ):
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter including a movably driven support surface upon which poultry is transferred.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, appropriate subclasses for suitable devices useful for the above defined animal related purpose.

With egg transfer device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter including means for conveying within the poultry house a hard-shelled reproductive body.

Compartmented:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter wherein structure is provided to divide a larger space within the poultry house into smaller housing spaces.

With droppings handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Subject matter including means for collecting, treating, or otherwise dealing with the poultry bodily waste matter.

Having combined roost and droppings board:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Subject matter which comprises both a fowl support or rest and a device which receives or collects poultry bodily waste.

Hog house:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter having structure and apparatus particularly suited for sheltering domestic swine.

Farrowing house or shed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Subject matter including structure and apparatus particularly suitable for the birthing, nursing, and caring for the young piglets by the sow mother.

With guard rail for piglets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter including a barrier whereby the body of a reclining sow is supported in a manner to prevent crushing of a piglet beneath her.

With building sanitary device or system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Subject matter including structure and apparatus used for the disposal of the bodily hog waste.

With heating or forced air ventilation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including structure and apparatus for raising the environmental temperature or providing a driven circulation of air within the building.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 198 for roof or cover over usable space including a fluid guiding port.
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclasses for a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling feature.

Building with feeding related means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter including means related to the provision of animal nourishment especially feed storage and dispensing apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.1 for a powered feeding device.

Building floor having waste collecting gutter or draining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter wherein the ground or animal supporting surface of the building is provided with a channel or other flow gathering means for animal sewerage.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power Driven, appropriate subclasses directed to the various apparatus wherein the load-engaging and conveying part is in the form of a bucket.

With mechanical scraper or conveyor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Subject matter including apparatus for utilizing a driven blade, belt, or similar device to gather sewage from the gutter or draining means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing and General Cleaning, subclass 236.01 for scraper, and subclass 236.04 for gutter scraper.

Animal display or open work enclosure (i.e., cage):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter including a confinement structure for securely housing an animal with at least a portion thereof being transparent or having reticulated (see through ) portions of wire or barred material.
(1) Note. Included hereunder are the molded plastic transparent structures commonly used for rodents both in the home and laboratory.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
417 for experimental housing structure including cages of various types.

Transporting cage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the cage includes structure which facilitates its mobility or use thereof for shipment of a confined animal.
(1) Note. The cage may be transported on a mobile carrier or used with a manual carrier handle, for example.

With feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to an animal being transported.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 7+ for watering device of general application.

Battery of cages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including a plurality of interrelated individual cages.
(1) Note. The cages are usually in various stacked arrangements.

With feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to a battery cage confined animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 72+ for watering device of general application.

Automatic or powered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Subject matter including a feeding or watering device that is
self-regulating or motively driven.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.1 for a powered feeding device.

With sanitary or cleaning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including structure and apparatus used for the gathering and disposal of animal and other waste from the cage battery.

Bird cage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the cage is structured to facilitate the care for and display of any of a class (Aves) of warm-blooded and feathered winged vertebrates.

With bath structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter including means provided in combination with the cage for a bird to utilize a liquid medium for cleaning purposes.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter wherein the cage is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled state and a disassembled state which includes folding into a reduced size or more compact structure.

Having removable tray or drawer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter including a shallow lipped element that may be withdrawn from
a collecting position within the cage.

Having separable cage bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter including a lower end closing element of the cage which may be entirely removed providing cage access.

With feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to a confined bird.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 72+ for watering device of general application.

Including jaw-type holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter wherein the feeding means grasps the food between two members biased toward one another.

Bone holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Subject matter including means for supporting in a position accessible to a bird, a bill and claw maintenance means referred to as a cuttlebone.

With attachment device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Subject matter including means connected with the basic cage structure and cooperating therewith to enhance its ability to confine,
protect, and care for a bird within.

Perch for cage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter including a roost for a bird provided in connection with the cage.

Shield or guard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter including a barrier usually connected in a manner to prevent scattering of feed or other matter outside the confines of the cage or a feed device.

Cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter including a device which is positioned to enclose or screen the cage for isolation or protective purposes.

Disposable floor mat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter including a cover for the bottom surface of the cage which is meant for removal after a period of use.

Sectional cage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the larger enclosed cage space is structurally divided into a plurality of smaller enclosures.

Having movable wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the cage includes at least one enclosure barrier having means imparting motion thereto.
(1) Note. The barrier is not intended as a door, for example, but rather is a major confining element such as a cage side.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the cage is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled state and a disassembled state which includes folding into a reduced size or more compact structure.

With feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to any animal confined in such a cage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 72+ for watering device of general application.

Automatic or powered:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter including a feeding or watering device that is self-regulating or motively driven.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.1 for a powered feeding device.

Having attaching means to cage wire or bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter including apparatus which serves to mount or connect a feeding or watering device in operable animal serving position by engagement with the openwork of the cage.

Having size adjustable access:
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter wherein the feeding or watering means include structure which selectively controls the ability of an animal to enter and partake of the food or water according to its physical dimensions.

Having animal water handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including means for collecting, treating, or otherwise dealing with the excrement from a cage confined animal.

Cage floor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter including structure and apparatus related to the animal supporting bottom of the enclosure.

Cage door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes a usually swinging or sliding barrier by which an entry is opened or closed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for cage door such as 404 for sliding type and subclasses 381+ for swinging door mounting.

Often portable, small capacity, roofed housing structure (e.g., coop, hutch, kennel, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter including an oftentimes movable covered enclosure for providing a protective dwelling for a limited number of animals.
(1) Note. Many but not all of the structures hereunder have a portability feature such as a handle for a carrier or runners for dragging a small coop.

Rabbit hutch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter particularly suited for housing any of a family (Leporidae) of long-eared, short-tailed lagomorph mammals with long hind legs.

Human dwelling pet enclosure addition (e.g., window kennel) or pet exit/entrance means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter including either (1) an animal enclosure associated with a personal domicile or (2) a hatch-type entry or departure means structure to provide animal passage to such a domicile.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
211, Supports: Racks, 87.01 for specially mounted wall or window rack.

With housing elevation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the structure utilizes selectively operable elevation means to lift the structure above the ground.
(1) Note. Such means provides ground hazard avoidance.

Below ground housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein at least a portion of the enclosure is located beneath the ordinary level of the earthen surface.

Poultry enclosure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter particularly suited to shelter domestic fowl.

Rail supported movable poultry house:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter including a poultry housing structure which may travel on a barlike structural member or support.

Transporting type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes structure which facilitates the use thereof for shipment of confined fowl.

For chicks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter especially facilitating the shipment of newborn fowl.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter wherein the enclosure is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled or erect state and at least a partially disassembled or reduced state.

Having hinged structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Subject matter wherein one or more of the enclosure elements is connected to allow movement, such as folding from the assembled state, about a pivoted attachment to provide the enclosure collapsibility feature.

With ventilation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter including structure and apparatus providing a circulation of air which may or may not be power driven.
(1) Note. A door or opening alone is not considered ventilation means hereunder without some further control over the air circulation (e.g., slidable roof, etc.).

With enclosure door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes a usually swinging or sliding barrier by which an entry is opened or closed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for enclosure door such as 404 for sliding type and subclasses 381+ for swinging door mounting.

Poultry self-operating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter wherein the door may be opened or closed as a result of actuation by one or more domestic fowl.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 236 for mechanical means imparting movement to the door and means to effect its operation by weight or impact.

Transporting type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes structure which facilitates the use thereof for shipment or conveying of one or more animals confined therein.

Hand or body-type carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 496. Subject matter wherein the enclosure is of a size and weight to be ordinarily transported by a person either with the use of manually gripped handles or by torso wrapped strap means.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the enclosure is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled or erect state and at least a partially disassembled or reduced state.

Having hinged structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter wherein one or more of the enclosure elements is connected to allow movement, such as folding from the assembled state, about a pivoted attachment to provide the enclosure collapsibility feature.

With ventilation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter including structure and apparatus providing a circulation of air which may or may not be power driven.
(1) Note. A door or opening alone is not considered ventilation means hereunder without some further control over the air circulation (e.g., slide able roof, etc.).

Enclosure door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes a usually swinging or sliding barrier by which an entry is opened or closed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for enclosure door, such as 404 for sliding type and subclasses 381+ for swinging door mounting.

Pen or rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter including roofless or uncovered means to enclose or confine one or more animals and to protect against intrusion.

Hog farrowing pen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including structure and apparatus particularly suitable for the birthing, nursing, and caring for piglets by the sow mother.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter wherein the pen is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled or erect state and at least a partially disassembled or reduced state.

With automatic farrowing device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter including a self-regulating means utilized in the farrowing
function.
(1) Note. Included hereunder is a device to diminish the speed or acceleration at which the sow lays down to allow escape of the piglets from under her (i.e., damped sow letdown).

Adjustable enclosure element for piglet escape passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter comprising a positionable confining member which allows evasion by the piglets when in danger of crushing by the reclining sow.

Sow size adjustable pen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter wherein the pen may be made to accommodate various growth dimensions of mother hogs.

Having heating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter including apparatus for raising the ambient temperature within the pen.

Pen floor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter including structure and apparatus related to the bottom animal supporting portion of the pen.

With crowd gate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including a sweeping means to herd animals from a pen-type holding area.

Platform scale rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including an animal rack used to confine one or more animals on a raised structure for weighing purposes.

Portable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including a pen or rack mounted upon apparatus such as wheels or skids to provide movement capability.

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter wherein the pen or rack is structured in a manner that allows a transformation between a fully assembled or erect state and at least a partially disassembled or reduced state.

Having hinged structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Subject matter wherein one or more of the pen or rack elements is connected to allow movement such as folding from the assembled state, about a pivoted attachment to provide the collapsibility feature.

With feeding or watering means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to a pen or rack-confined animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and
subclasses 72+ for watering device of general application.

Stall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter relating to one or more open compartments and serving as a means for segregating livestock, such as cattle, in a barn or the like, for protecting them from injury or locating them for feeding purposes.

With back contacting cattle excreta device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including apparatus having an element for sensing through touch the humping of cattle prior to excreting and to respond by directing the excreta in a sanitary manner.

With electrical system or device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including means operated by electrical power for use in such functions as training and restraining in conjunction with an animal stall.

Portable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter wherein the stall is structured so that it may be expeditiously moved between sites.
(1) Note. In some instances the stall hereunder is of the knockdown or collapsible type.

Milking facilitating stall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including structure and apparatus for expediting usage and
preventing interference with milking, especially by machine, of a stall-confined cow.

With feeding or watering device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including means for providing nourishment or drinking liquid to the stall-confined animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51.01 appropriate subclasses for feeding device, per se, and subclasses 72+ or watering device of general application.

Adjustable (e.g., stall size, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter wherein one or more stall elements may be repositioned to accommodate an animal with regard to its proportions such as the length thereof.

Stall side wall partition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including the one or more elements that comprise the lateral confining barrier of a stall.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
412 for livestock carrying vehicle partition means.

Gate or door:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter including a movable barrier controlling the entrance or exit of the stall.

Floor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter directed to structure and apparatus related to the bottom animal supporting portion of a stall.

Mat-type covering or stall floor bedding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter wherein the stall floor is provided with a formed material overlayer or a material suitable for cushioning the floor for sleeping or resting thereupon.

Drain-type floor with waste collection means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter including a floor having animal excrement funnelling means combined with means for accumulation thereof (e.g., trough or gutter etc.).

Floor including under support therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter including a floor structure having structural bearing means.

Slotted surface flooring (e.g., separate slats, etc.) including connector or spacer means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter comprising spaced flooring elements with means for joining such with predetermined distance therebetween for draining or cleaning, etc.

Floor, per se, having drain openings or passages (e.g., one-piece floor having openings formed therein, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 525. Subject matter
including a floor that is either initially formed or has formed therein surface interruptions or channels for flowable animal waste to pass through.

Poultry perch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter usually adapted to a poultry house or coop and including a rest for a roosting domestic fowl.

Antivermin (e.g., trap, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter including structure and apparatus to prevent insect infestation of fowl using such a perch.

Perch support includes insecticide barrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter wherein means upholding the perch includes a vermin killing or repelling means.

Fumes utilization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter including means for using insecticide to produce an insect killing vapor to penetrate and protect roosting poultry.

Wick device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter wherein material means are provided to draw insecticide from a source and transfer it to the site of a poultry roost for protective use.

Wetting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Subject matter including means for causing insecticide in the form of a liquid to saturate the poultry roost.

Portable or nonconfined bird perch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Subject matter including a freely movable support or rest for a roosting bird.
(1) Note. Examples of such a perch include a human, shoulder-carried support device or a movable parrot roost.

GROOMING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter particularly adapted to treat; the coat, i.e., the hair or skin of an animal.
(1) Note. Included here is currying, brushing, cleaning, massaging, or rubbing the coat of an animal.
(2) Note. The grooming of this and the indented subclasses comprises an operation "particularly adapted" to be used in the care of an animal. Note that since a comb is deemed to always align the hair of an animal and a brush may treat without aligning the hair, the concept of "particular adaptation" has been applied somewhat differently for a comb and for a brush.
A comb of the type recognized as usable on an animal is not considered to be of general utility unless there is specific disclosure of general utility, and therefor is found in this and the indented subclasses. Note that a hair aligning comb, for use on an animal, will be found herein, even if its sole disclosure is to remove vermin.
A brush of the type recognized as usable on an animal is considered to be of general utility unless there is a specific disclosure that it is intended for use only in grooming an animal. (See the note to Class 15, below.)

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
612 and 615, for the combination of a currycomb with a
brush.
651 for a process of brushing under the definition of Class 119, without grooming.
664 for a brush used in antivermin treating or cleaning under the definition of Class 119.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for cleaning, generally, particularly 23 a machine for brushing by a rotary cylinder, subclasses 28+ for a machine for brushing by a rotary disk, subclasses 105+ for a combined cleaning machine, subclasses 160+ for a brush or broom for use with special work, and subclasses 171+ for a head or casing for a brush or broom. A brush, per se, is considered to be of general utility, and is to be found in Class 15. (See (2) Note above.)
The combination of cleaning by a vacuum or air supply with an animal grooming device is to be found in Class 15, particularly subclasses 300.1+, and more specifically, subclasses 398+ for the combination of a brush with an air blast or suction and subclasses 402 for a comb with an air blast or suction.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for a dust collector, dust trap, or other device for purifying atmosphere, generally.
132, Toilet, 212 for a device for treating, dressing or manipulating the hair of a person.

Process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Method of grooming.

With means to supply treatment material to the animal; e.g., antivermin treatment, flame, attractant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device combined with means to provide a beneficial composition to the coat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for supplying an antivermin treating or cleaning composition to an animal, without grooming.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
604, Surgery, for application of medicating material to an animal, generally, including the combination of a grooming device therewith.

Liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Grooming device wherein the material supplied to the coat is flowable and at a temperature below the vapor state.

Sprayer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Grooming device wherein the liquid material supplied to the coat is in droplets.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
665 for a sprayer for antivermin treating or cleaning.

Powder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Grooming device wherein the material is supplied to the coat is in the form or very small particles.

Air; e.g., to dry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Grooming device wherein the material is supplied to the coat is the ambient mixture of the Earth's environment, and the purpose is other than to clean.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
677 for an air supplier for antivermin treating or cleaning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for the combination of cleaning by a vacuum or air supply with animal grooming, particularly 300.1, and more specifically, subclasses 398+ for the combination of a brush with an air blast or suction and subclasses 402 for a comb with an air blast or suction.

Means to apply decorative trim to animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device particularly adapted to attach an ornamental member to the animal.

Driven:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device including means movable relative thereto to cause a component thereof to move with respect to the animal.

By motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 608. Grooming device including a prime mover to cause the movement.

Movable cutter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Grooming device wherein the moved component comprises a sharp cutting edge.

Including simultaneously used comb and other grooming device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Grooming device including a first grooming device having spaced apart
fingers intended to inter-fit between the hairs of a coat, so that the hairs can be dragged therethrough to align the hairs; and including a distinct grooming device intended to be used at the same time.

Brush:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Grooming device wherein the other grooming device comprises adjacent flexible fingers.
(1) Note. The fingers of a brush may flex to interfit between the hairs of the coat in the manner of a comb or may flex so that the ends of the fingers will conform to the generally planar surface of the coat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
664 for a brush for antivermin treating or cleaning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
132, Toilet, 120 for a comb combined with a brush for use by a person.

Including separately used comb and other grooming device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Grooming device including a first grooming device having spaced apart fingers intended to interfit between hairs of the coat, so that the hairs can be dragged therethrough to align the hairs; and including a distinct grooming device intended to be used at a different time.

Removable other device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Grooming device in which the other grooming device is intended to be readily detached from the first device.

Brush:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Grooming device wherein the detachable other grooming device comprises adjacent flexible fingers.
(1) Note. The fingers of a brush may flex to interfit between the hairs of the coat in the manner of a comb or may flex so that the ends of the fingers conform to the generally planar surface of the coat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
664 for a brush for antivermin treating or cleaning.

Another comb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Grooming device where the second grooming device also has spaced apart fingers intended to interfit between hairs of the coat, so that the hairs can be dragged therethrough to align the hairs.

Distinct edges of a single blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 613. Grooming device wherein the comb comprises fingers extending out of a marginal portion of a plate, which plate includes other marginal portions which comprise the other grooming device.

Including means to apply increased tensile force to hair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device having provision to cause more pulling effort to be transmitted to the hair than would be normal for such a grooming device.

Gripper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Grooming device including provision to squeeze a hair or a plurality of hairs to exert pulling force thereon.

Having abrasive surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Grooming device including a surface roughened for the specific purpose of increasing the pulling effort on hair engaged thereby.

Passive; e.g., rub-block:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device that is immobile relative to the earth during use.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass usually allows an animal to groom itself; e.g., by rubbing against the device.
(2) Note. A toothed member intended to bite into the coat of a passing animal to drive other structure on a "rub-block is not considered to be a grooming device, since it does not align the hairs of the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for a rubbing post including antivermin or cleaning means, particularly subclasses 656+ for a rubbing post having an animal actuated treatment supply.

Passageway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Grooming device comprising an opening through which an animal may (or must) pass, intended to engage the coat of the animal.

Straight, smooth bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device comprised of a rigid rod-like or planar member having a linear rubbing surface without irregularities thereon.
(1) Note. Some portion of the bar of this subclass must be straight.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
600 for a grooming device comprised of a planar member having a curved rubbing surface without irregularities therein.

Smooth wire:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device comprised of a straight, curved or coiled flexible strand-like member having a rubbing surface without irregularities thereon.

Comb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Grooming device comprising fingers intended to interfit between hairs of the coat, so that the hairs can be dragged therethrough to align the hairs.
(1) Note. A toothed member intended to bite into the coat of a passing animal to drive other structure on a "rub-block" is not considered to be a grooming device, since it does not align the hairs of the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
621 for a toothed member intended to bite into the coat of a passing animal to drive other structure on a "rub-block".

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
132, Toilet, 219 for a comb designed to be inserted into the hair of a person. Generally but not always, a comb to be used by a person is an elongated, planar member having teeth in the plane, extending laterally from an elongated edge; whereas a comb to be used in animal husbandry is rake-like in configuration.

Having vermin or dust trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb having a particular structure intended to capture or hold organic or inorganic foreign material for the coat during grooming.

Mounted for movement during use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb designed to be repositioned by reaction from contact with the coat to which it is applied.
(1) Note. A resiliently mounted tooth is included herein only if it is specifically disclosed as movable during use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
632 for a grooming device including spike (e.g., wire) teeth mounted in a resilient base without reference to the teeth being movable during use.

SEARCH CLASS:
15 Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 23+ for cleaning generally by a rotary cylindrical brush and subclasses 28+ for cleaning generally by a rotary disk brush.
19 Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 60 for a brush used in a textile gin.

Self-cleaning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb provided with means for dislodging hair and dirt from the teeth or body thereof.

By pivoting stripper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 628. Comb including a member supported for movement about an axis with respect to the comb teeth to pull the dislodged hair or dirt from the teeth or body thereof.

Reticulated wire teeth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb including
teeth, each comprised of a loop of wire wherein the wire loops interfit between the hairs of the coat in the manner of a comb.

Serrated strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb comprised of a planar panel of material having an edge scalloped to present teeth therealong.
(1) Note. The "planar" band of this subclass, usually made of sheet metal, may be curved or straight. The "teeth" of this subclass may look like those on a saw blade.

Spike-toothed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Comb wherein the fingers are rod-like, and untapered, other than at the tip.
(1) Note. Wires extending from a planar member are considered to be "rod-like" fingers. Such device are sometimes called "cards", especially if the fingers are bent intermediate their extent.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, 98 for a card used in aligning textile fibers which may be similar in structure to the device of this subclass.

Handle detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Grooming device comprising specific details of a finger-hold, or other configuration designed to facilitate the engagement of a grooming device by the hand of a groomer; or specific means for securing the handle to the frame or plate of a grooming device.

ANTIVERMIN TREATING OR CLEANING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Invention for applying medicament to, washing, or otherwise treating an animal to free the animal of filth or a parasite or for repelling a parasite, topical application of means for healing a sore, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69.5 for a birdbath.
600 for currying, brushing, cleaning, massaging, or rubbing the coat of an animal. Note. The grooming device of subclass 600 and the indented subclasses comprises one "particularly adapted" to be used in the care of an animal. Note that since a comb is deemed to always align the hair of an animal and a brush may treat without aligning the hair, the concept of "particular adaptation has been applied somewhat differently for a comb and brush.
A comb of the type recognized as usable on an animal is not considered to be of general utility unless there is specific disclosure of general utility, and therefor is found in subclasses 600+; including a comb whose sole disclosure is to remove vermin while sliding through the hair of an animal.
A brush of the type recognized as usable on an animal is considered to be of general utility unless there is a specific disclosure that it is intended for use only in grooming an animal. Such a general utility brush is to be found in subclasses 650 if it is for antivermin treatment or cleaning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, for a coating apparatus of general applicability.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 405 for an insecticide composition, especially subclasses 411+ for said composition, combined with a nominally recited collar.
514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for a particular chemical composition used for treating an animal in the manner of the process or apparatus of Class 119.

Process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Method of antivermin treating or cleaning.

Means engaging animal directly; e.g., daubing or rubbing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Device for applying a medicament to animals by contact or friction.
(1) Note: Included herein is a rubbing post, a fowl-greasing device, or a nose-tarring device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
621 for a rubbing post including means to groom an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 76 for a coating apparatus, generally, in which coating material in self-sustaining form is rubbed on work.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, 49 for a hand-manipulable coating implement having a supply of self-sustaining coating material which is rubbed on the work surface to apply a coating thereto.

Carried externally by animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device adapted to ride on the animal being treated.

Body or appendage encircling collar or band; e.g., flea collar etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device intended to pass around the main trunk of an animal, or to pass around a protuberance extending therefrom.
(1) Note. The device of this subclass may extend about the torso, neck, ear, leg, etc. of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
850 for a protective shield or apparel, particularly subclass 855 for a neck or throat protector.
856 for a body or appendage encircling collar or band, generally; particularly subclass 860 for such a collar or
band having a releasable chemical agent for a purpose other than antivermin treating or cleaning.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 124 for vermin destroying.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclass 411 for a flea collar where the collar is only nominally recited as a support for the insecticide.

Having means passing through the animal skin; e.g., ear tag:
This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Device including means intended to pass through a dermal portion of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
834 for a device intended to penetrate the snout of an animal to control the animal.

Having animal actuated treatment supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device including a storage of treating material and a means to bring or allow passage of the material from storage to the location of application which is effected by the animal being treated.

With food trough or attractant means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Device combined with means to provide the animal with food, or with particular means to appeal to the animal to approach the device.

Animal actuated valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Device wherein
the treatment material is flowable, comprising a passage with means to open and shut the passage, which means is operated by the action of the animal to allow flow of the material.

Animal actuated transfer means moving out of reservoir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Device including a member inside a container holding treatment material which member is intended to travel out of the container and carry said material therewith for engagement with the animal.

Having capillary treatment supply wick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device including a generally flexible member having very small passages intended to transport treating material upwardly against the force of gravity from a storage to the point of application.

Yieldable, horizontally extending web or rod adapted to slide over animal passing thereunder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device including a laterally extending (a) panel member or (b) bar member, which may be hollow, intended to be engaged by an animal passing between the member and the ground to transfer treatment material to the animal engaged thereby.

Having distinct treatment reservoir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 661. Device provided with a container of treatment material that is separate from the web or rod.

Roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device including a rotatable member intended to rollingly engage the skin of the animal to apply treatment material thereto.

Brush:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Device including a flexible, bristled member intended slidingly engage the skin of the animal with the exposed ends of the bristles to apply treatment material to the animal.

Sprayer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Device adapted to project liquid into engagement with an animal; e.g., from a nozzle-like member or other type projector.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 300 for apparatus in which the coating material is sprayed, flung or otherwise projected onto the work.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, for spraying apparatus of general application.

Animal actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Device including means to cause or control the projecting of liquid, dependant on a condition of the animal being treated.

Pass-through type; e.g., chute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Device including side walls but without permanent end walls, intended for the animal being treated to move in one end and out the other.

With air supply; e.g., for drying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Device combined with means to cause atmospheric gas to engage the animal.

Pass-through type; e.g., chute:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Device including side walls but without permanent end walls, intended for the animal being treated to move in one end and out the other.

Teat spray:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Device particularly adapted to direct fluid into engagement with the udder of an animal.

Having animal encasing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 665. Device including structure to enclose an animal for spraying therein.

Duster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Device adapted to cause powder to engage an animal.

Immersing chamber; e.g., dip or wash means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Device comprising a vessel for holding a liquid and for receiving an animal, or a portion of an animal to inundate the animal or
portion under the liquid.
(1) Note. A dipping vat is included herein. Also a washing tub is included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 400 for immersion coating apparatus, generally.

Having means to lift animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 673. Device including means to raise the animal against the force of gravity.

Transportable; e.g., vehicle mounted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 673. Device particularly adapted for movement from one location to a distant second location.
(1) Note. An immersing chamber mounted on a vehicle is included herein.

With restraining means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 673. Device combined with means intended to hold the animal.

Fumigating or air supplying means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Device adapted to cause a vapor or gas (including atmospheric gas) to engage an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 715 for apparatus for coating with gaseous or vaporized material, generally.

Animal encasing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 677. Device comprising structure to contain substantially the entire animal being treated.

TREADMILL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of an apparatus having a movable surface, e.g., roller, endless belt, turntable, etc., upon which an animal may simulate travelling while remaining in essentially the same location relative to a fixed underlying supporting surface, e.g., a floor surface, etc.
(1) Note. A treadmill may be used for a wide variety of purposes including exercise, amusement, breaking, training, or laboratory study purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
702 for an exercise or amusement device for an animal other than a treadmill, particularly subclasses 703+ for a device for forcing an animal to travel over a stationary floor, track, etc. See the (1) Note under subclass 702.
712 for a device for controlling an action of an animal, including a device for breaking or training an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, particularly subclass 3 for an animal powered composite motor.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly subclass 48 for an amusement walkway or passageway for a human having a movable floor or stair step and subclasses 90+ for a surface for a human riding a skiing or skating vehicle, e.g., for skis, ice, or roller skates, etc., including a sloped treadmill used to imitate a ski slope.
482, Exercise Devices, particularly subclass 54 for an exercise treadmill for use by a human.

ROUNDABOUT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of apparatus for compelling an animal to travel in a closed looped pathway while connected to rotatably or circuitously supported restraining or load means.
(1) Note. The animal may be compelled to travel by a mechanical means, e.g., motor driven or by human urging.
(2) Note. The purpose of the device may be for simple exercise as well as training or "breaking" an animal to bear a load for example.

EXERCISE OR AMUSEMENT DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter consisting of means used to (a) condition or develop a muscle of an animal or to participate in an athletic activity by an animal, or (b) to provide entertainment for an animal.
(1) Note. A patent for a treadmill frequently discloses a use for an exercise or amusement purpose. A cross-reference to this subclass array should be considered only if an additional exercise or amusement feature is also disclosed. See the search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.03 for a milking station arrangement used for sequential treatment of an animal for the purpose of conducting and facilitating milking in combination with another dairy operation such as exercising.
15 for an animal maze combined with a significant confining or housing device.
70 for a device constructed to supply feed to poultry in order to promote exercise.
700 for a treadmill for an animal which may be used for an exercise or amusement purpose.
712 for a device for controlling an action of an animal, e.g., an animal restraining, breaking, or training device, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, appropriate subclasses for an animal harness for a draft or work purpose, per se, and particularly 71 for an animal breaking or training harness, per se.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, appropriate subclasses for a game-type amusement device involving competition between human beings.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropriate subclasses for a toy-type amusement device for a human being.
472, Amusement Devices, appropriate subclasses for an amusement device not provided for elsewhere for a human being.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a game-type amusement device used in a game involving competition between human beings and in which a tangible projectile is used, and for a practice or training device used by a player of such a game, which practice or training device may involve exercising by the user.
482, Exercise Devices, appropriate subclasses for an exercise device for a human being.

Animal forced to travel relative to an underlying, stationary, supporting surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter wherein the conditioning, developing, or entertaining means causes the animal to tread upon a static, weight bearing surface area, e.g., a floor, track, etc.
(1) Note. The animal usually is forced to travel so that it may obtain a desired amount of exercise by walking, running, etc. The device may be used to provide mild exercise for cooling an animal off after a race or other activity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for a treadmill which may simulate travel over a floor, track, etc.
712 for an animal-controlling device, particularly subclasses 780+ for a hitching or tethering device employing a rotary arm to limit the travel of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
231, Whips and Whip Apparatus, particularly 2.1 for a whip or goad used by a human to force an animal to perform a desired action.

Constrained to travel in circuitous path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 703. Subject matter wherein the treading causing means limits the treading of the animal to a closed loop pathway.

Hurdle, jump, or support therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter wherein the conditioning, developing, or entertaining means is a barrier which the animal must leap over or across or is a holding member for such a barrier.
(1) Note. The animal may leap over or across the barrier while traveling along an underlying surface, e.g., in a steeplechase hurdle, etc., or it may leap over or across it as a goal in itself, e.g., in a high jump or broad jump attempt, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, particularly 200 for a support bracket in general, which may be used to support a member against the force of gravity.
256, Fences, for fence structure.
482, Exercise Devices, particularly 15 for a hurdle or jump used by a human being in a track or field sport.

Climbing or claw scratching device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter wherein the animal may ascend, descend, or crawl upon the conditioning, developing, or entertaining means or may abrade its nail thereon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for an animal confining or housing device which may also have a climbing or claw scratching feature, including an animal maze combined with a significant confining or housing device.
28.5 for an animal bed or rest which may also have a climbing or claw scratching feature.
83 for a device against which an animal may rub for a
grooming purpose.

Toy, lure, fetch, or related device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter wherein the conditioning, developing, or entertaining means is to be played with, entice, or be retrieved by the animal or is associated with such means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.1 for a confining device used for management of an animal upon a roadway, racetrack, or other defined path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, particularly 2 for a decoy usually used to lure an animal into danger.
104, Railways, particularly 89 for a suspended device and subclasses 118+ for a monorail railway device, each of which may be a lure carrier used for a dog race.
105, Railway Rolling Stock, particularly 141 for a monorail carrier and subclasses 148+ for a suspended carrier, each of which may be a lure carrier used for a dog race.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, appropriate subclasses for an apparatus for mechanically projecting an object.
273, Amusement Devices: Games, appropriate subclasses for a game-type amusement device involving competition between human beings.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropriate subclasses for a toy-type amusement device for a human being.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 86 for a racetrack for a nonhuman animal, often in combination with a lure which may be used to lead an animal, e.g., a dog, etc., around the racetrack.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a game-type amusement device used in a game involving competition between human beings and in which a tangible projectile is used, and for a practice or training device used by a player of such a game, which practice or training device may involve exercising by the user.

Suspended:
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter wherein the means being played with, enticing, or being retrieved by the animal is hung from above.

Mastication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter wherein the means being played with, enticing, or being retrieved is constructed for chewing by the animal.
(1) Note. While any toy, lure, or fetch device may be bitten by the animal using it, to be proper for this subclass it must be intended to have a significant chewing related operation performed on it by the animal.

Flavor enhanced or supplemented:
This subclass is indented under subclass 709. Subject matter wherein the means constructed for chewing has an existing taste intensified, or a new taste added thereto, which appeals to the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
711 for a toy, lure, or fetch device having a scent attractant, e.g., a catnip-filled toy, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, particularly subclass 805 for a pet food for a dog, cat, bird, or fish and subclass 807 for feed for poultry or a ruminant animal.

Having scent attractant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 707. Subject matter wherein the means being played with, enticing, or being retrieved has a smell which appeals to the animal.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a catnip filled toy, lure, or fetch device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
710 for a flavor enhanced toy, lure, or fetch device which an animal chews and which may also have a scent attractant.

ANIMAL CONTROLLING OR HANDLING (E.G., RESTRAINING, BREAKING, TRAINING, SORTING, CONVEYING, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein animal limiting means is used to deter an undesired action or promote a desired action of an animal; or to manipulate, direct, or cause an animal or body part thereof to be restrained, positioned, or repositioned, or to move an animal to a different location.
(1) Note. The action of the animal may be deterred or promoted either physically, e.g., by a physical restraint, an electrical shock, etc., or mentally, e.g., by breaking, training, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass array is the residual location for a tether for a lower (i.e., nonhuman) animal not classifiable elsewhere. Subclass 770, indented hereunder, is the residual location for a tether for a human being.
(3) Note. A body-carried diaper or manure pouch used to collect animal waste or to prevent an animal from depositing its waste in an undesirable location is also not considered to control the animal. See the search notes below.
(4) Note. An animal-controlling device deters or promotes an action of an animal to which it is secured while a shield for subclass 850 below acts as a barrier, pad, etc., for protecting the animal from an external source, e.g., dirt, a disease, an injury, an insect, or itself or another animal, etc.
(5) Note. A collar encircling a torso, neck, or appendage or a harness embracing a portion of an animal body is excluded from this subclass unless:
(a) it is combined with animal-controlling structure, e.g., a claimed drag, weight, leash, poke, etc., or
(b) by its structural nature it is adapted to restrain a body part on its own, e.g., a mouth restraining muzzle, etc. See the search notes below.
(6) Note. A method of controlling an animal would be classified in the subclass providing for the associated structure used in the method. A method not associated with any particular structure, or using a structure not provided for hereunder, would be classified in this subclass (712).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for an animal maze combined with a significant confining or housing device.
700 for a treadmill which may also control an animal.
702 for an exercise or amusement device which may also control an animal.
770 for a tether for a human being having a disclosure not classifiable in another class. See the (2) Note above.
840 for animal sorting.
843 for an animal relocating, loading, or unloading means, e.g., a gangway, chute, lift, conveyor, turntable, elevator, etc., particularly for a conveyor which may include an animal holding device used only for the purpose of restraining an animal while being conveyed.
850 for a body-carried protective shield or apparel for an animal used as a barrier or pad and not as means for controlling an action of the animal.
856 for a body- or appendage-encircling collar, band, or harness not combined with animal controlling, handling, or protecting means, particularly subclass 857 for a collar or body harness for a human being having a disclosure not classifiable in another class. See the search class notes thereunder for other classes having harness structure.
867 for a manure.
907 for a harness of general utility.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, for a human body harness in combination with or constituting apparel, including a bib for an infant which may also be used to restrain the infant, and particularly subclass 44 and 45 for a body brace or support, subclass 102 for vest apparel, and subclasses 300 through 342 for a garment supporter or retainer, e.g., subclass 311 for a belt having a handle which is worn by a motorcyclist so that a motorcycle passenger may grasp the handle as necessary.
5, Beds, for a bed or bed accessory for a human body, particularly 600 for a body harness used with an invalid bed or surgical support and subclasses 424+ for a restraint disclosed for protecting a person from injury or from rolling out of a bed.
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., particularly 712 for a drawstring or laced-fastener, subclasses 115+ for a cord or rope holder, subclasses 163+ for a buckle, subclasses 455+
for a clasp, subclasses 572+ for a separable fastener, subclasses 598.4+ for a snap hook, subclasses 698.1+ for a hook and subclass 265 for a strap-end-attaching device.
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 299.01 for a card, label, or tag, per se, which may be intended for attachment to a Class 119 device, e.g., a collar, harness, leash, etc., particularly subclasses 300+ for an animal marker, subclass 303 for a harness-supported animal marker, subclass 304 for a leg band type animal marker, subclasses 633+ for an identification bracelet and subclasses 642+ for a card, label, or tag holder.
54, Harness, for an animal harness for a draft, work, breaking, or training purpose, particularly 71 for a harness for controlling a vicious or unruly animal or training an animal to trot, pace, etc.
114, Ships, particularly subclass 39.18 for a body harness designed to be connected to a sailboard-type marine vessel.
116, Signals and Indicators, particularly 22 for automatic and periodic actuation of a mechanical signal which may be used to frighten an animal.
128, Surgery, particularly 846 for a body protecting or restraining device for a patient or an infant, particularly subclasses 869+ for a body restraining or immobilizing device, e.g., cropped ear restraint for a dog.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, particularly 3 for a torso harness disclosed for supporting a workman or for a rescue or escape operation and which may employ an anchoring tether.
224, Package and Article Carriers, for a body harness for a living bearer combined with package and article carrying means, particularly subclass 158 for a carrier for a person and subclass 184 for means attached to a person for towing an object along a surface, e.g., a game animal, etc.
231, Whips and Whip Apparatus, for a whip-related apparatus which may be used to control an animal.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 370 for a reeling device.
244, Aeronautics, for the combination of significant aircraft structure with body harness, particularly subclass 122 for a device for holding an occupant to an aircraft seat and subclass 151 for a device for attaching a parachute to a person or object being lowered slowly to the ground.
256, Fences, for a fence used as a physical barrier to an animal.
269, Work Holders, for apparatus used to restrain a work
piece during a work treating operation.
280, Land Vehicles, particularly subclass 290 for a body harness for attaching a human occupant to an occupant-propelled wheeled vehicle and subclasses 801.1+ for a safety belt or harness combined with significant vehicle structure and used to prevent, restrain, or limit movement of a human occupant relative to the vehicle in the event of a sudden, unexpected movement.
297, Chairs and Seats, particularly subclass 275 for a belt or garment restrainer with an oscillatory suspended baby jumper and subclasses 464+ for a body restrainer disclosed for confining a seated human occupant to a chair or seat, wherein the seat may be in a vehicle if no significant vehicle structure is claimed.
434, Education and Demonstration, particularly subclass 225 for subject matter related to teaching a human being the occupations of farming, ranching, or occupations otherwise related to an animal.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, particularly 80 for a water rescue or life protecting apparatus for a person which may include tether structure.
452, Butchering, particularly 54 for a device employed in holding an animal for slaughtering.
602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage, 1 for an orthopedic bandage for a human or an animal, particularly subclasses 5+ for a splint or brace.
604, Surgery, particularly 358 for an absorbent body-carried pad, e.g., a diaper, etc., for a human or an animal.
606, Surgery, particularly 204.15 for an instrument for applying pressure to the head of a human or animal, e.g., for bending a horn, etc.

Bird:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the animal being limited is taxonomically classified in the class Aves, i.e., a bird.
(1) Note. To be properly classified as an original classification hereunder, the claimed disclosure of a patent must restrict use of a device, or a portion thereof, to controlling a bird. An animal-controlling device having general utility on a variety of animals, or specifically directed to an animal other than a bird, is found elsewhere under subclass 712.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
843 for bird relocating, loading, or unloading, e.g., a conveyor, etc.
853 for a bird-carried shield for protecting it or for protecting another being or object from a bird.

Body worn:
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is carried about upon the anatomy of the bird.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
853 for a body-carried bird protective shield or apparel.

Head carried:
This subclass is indented under subclass 714. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is configured to be supported upon a head portion of the bird anatomy.
(1) Note. This type of device is often used as an "antipicking" or "antipecking" device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
821 for an animal-carried mouth guard used to limit the use of the mouth of an animal other than a bird, e.g., a muzzle, etc.

Suspends inverted bird by leg or foot only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter wherein the limiting means supports the bird upside down in a freely hanging manner solely by a lower limb or extremity thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
728 for means for suspending an animal other than a bird.
816 for an animal-carried leg restraining device.
843 for a bird relocating, loading, or unloading means, e.g., a conveyor, etc., that suspends a bird upside down.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
452, Butchering, particularly subclass 53 for apparatus for conveying a live animal to slaughtering apparatus.

Handheld catching and holding tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 713. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is a hand-carried implement which may be manipulated by a human user to both capture and to inhibit movement of the bird.
(1) Note. A bird catching and holding tool usually has a bird engaging portion which embraces some part of the bird while being readily removable from the bird without inflicting injury.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
751 for a holding crate or trap for controlling an animal.
769 for a hitching device used to secure or tether an animal.
801 for a hand held animal catching and holding tool not restricted to or specifically designed to catch and hold a bird.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, particularly 58 for a trap for a burglar or an animal which is not domesticated.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly 106 for a similarly used grapple tool having a pivoted jaw.

Responsive to voice (e.g., bark, cry, etc.) of animal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means reacts to a vocal sound created by the animal.
(1) Note. The limiting means may react to a vocal sound
actually emitted by the animal or to the vocal sound as it is being generated, e.g., by detecting the vibration of a vocal cord of the animal, etc. The vocal sound may be in the form of a bark, cry, screech, scream, shriek, howl, bleat, neigh, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
859 for a collar with an electrical element.
908 for a shocking device used to control an animal.

Mechanical wave producing device (e.g., sound, ultrasound, vibration, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means generates a vibratory energy wave which is transmitted through a medium to deter or promote the action of the animal.
(1) Note. Limiting means using ultrasonic sound to control the animal is included in this subclass. The sound may control the animal directly or indirectly, e.g., by ultrasonic sound activation of an electrical shocking collar. Ultrasonic sound is an acoustic frequency above approximately 20,000 cycles per second which is higher than is detectable by the human ear.
(2) Note. The transmission medium may be air, water, the body of the animal, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
720 for an electromagnetic remote control device for controlling an animal.
859 for a collar with an electrical element.
908 for an electrical device for controlling an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, particularly 22 for a periodic mechanical signal for frightening an animal and subclasses 137+ for a mechanical horn, whistle, or compression wave generator used for a signaling purpose.
340, Communications: Electrical, particularly 384 for an electrical device used for producing an audible sound for a communication purpose, e.g., simulated noise in a training program, etc.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, particularly 202 for a
mouth-operated device for producing sound other than music, e.g., a dog whistle, etc., and subclasses 213+ for a sound producing amusement device not having a mouthpiece.

Electromagnetic remote control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means employs a wave of the electromagnetic spectrum emitted through the air at a spaced distance from the animal to deter or promote the action of the animal.
(1) Note. The electromagnetic wave may control the animal indirectly, e.g., by remote activation of an electrical shocking collar, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
719 for a mechanical wave producing device, using sound, ultrasound, vibration, etc., to remotely control an animal.
859 for a collar with an electrical element.
908 for an electrical device for controlling an animal which is in direct contact with the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, particularly subclass 16 for an electric motor controlled by radio energy.
340, Communications: Electrical, particularly subclass 825.72 for a radio remote control device of an insignificantly disclosed or claimed external art device.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, particularly subclass 176 for a transmitter for a remote control signal of an insignificantly claimed external art device.
455, Telecommunications, particularly 352 for light wave remote control of an insignificantly claimed external art device.

Animal confined to predetermined territorial location:
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter wherein the limiting means restricts travel of the animal to a predefined geos:graphical area.
(1) Note. The remote control feature, e.g., a buried wire, above ground fence, central transmitter, etc., may operate in conjunction with animal-carried circuitry. An above ground electric fence which only limits travel of the animal by direct electrical contact with the animal is not proper for this subclass nor is a remote control device held by a human to control the actions of the animal, unless the remote control device includes structure limiting the animal to a predetermined territorial location.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
256, Fences, particularly subclass 10 for an above ground electric fence which imparts a shock to an animal coming into contact with it.
340, Communications: Electrical, particularly subclass 564 for a condition responsive indicating system in which the entry or attempted entry by a living being into a protected area is detected and subclasses 573.1+ for a condition responsive indicating system which responds to a condition of a human being or an animal other than indicating its location.

Having tiltable support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means includes a repositionable member for holding the animal against the pull of gravity during turning movement of the member from an initial animal holding orientation to a different animal holding orientation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
728 for a restraint which suspends an animal against the pull of gravity and does not involve tilting a support.
753 for a stationary table used as an animal restraint.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, for a bed or bed accessory which may be tiltable while supporting a human body, particularly 607 and 610 for a tiltable invalid bed or surgical support and subclasses 424+ for a restraint disclosed for protecting a person from injury or from rolling out of a bed and subclasses 633+ for a support means for supporting back portions of a user sitting or reclining on a bed.
128, Surgery, particularly subclass 845 for a human body rest, support, or positioner used for a therapeutic purpose.
248, Supports, for a support not limited to use in a
particular art. For structure for retaining an article on a support surface see subclass 499 for a tie down, subclasses 500+ for a hold-down, or subclass 510 for a clamp-down retainer.

About longitudinal axis only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 722. Subject matter wherein the animal holding member rotates solely about an axial line generally parallel with a longitudinal line passing through the animal along its long dimension.
(1) Note. The longitudinal line would be generally parallel to the spine of a vertebrate animal and extend from the head or shoulder area to the tail or rear end of the animal. The longitudinal axis does not necessarily pass through the body of the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, particularly 607 for an invalid bed or surgical support for a human which is tiltable about a longitudinal axis.

Including flexible animal securing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter wherein the animal holding member has a readily bendable animal fastening component, e.g., a strap, cord, chain, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
725 for a flexible sling restraint which suspends an animal against the pull of gravity and does not involve a tilting support.

Body sling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means employs a flexible band or strand passing beneath the torso of the animal to support the animal.
(1) Note. A sling may be provided with means for partially or wholly raising the animal off its feet. The flexible band
or strand may be of any width and may be made from a plurality of rigid segments, e.g., from chain links, etc., which when taken as a whole form a flexible band or strand. A flexible band or strand passing beneath the animal, absent any disclosure for supporting the weight of the animal, is not considered to be a body sling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
724 for a tiltable support which rotates only about a longitudinal axis and which includes a flexible animal securing element.
757 for a stationary table having a downwardly curved animal support portion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, particularly subclass 89.1 for a sling used in an invalid lift or transfer for a human.

With discrete leg restraint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter wherein the flexible band or strand for supporting the animal is combined with separate limiting means for holding a limb of the animal which is used for land travel.
(1) Note. The discrete leg restraint may merely restrain the leg from moving or may be used to position the leg so that it, or a part thereof, may be worked upon, e.g., during the shoeing of a horse, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
816 for an animal-carried leg restraint.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
5, Beds, particularly 17 for a bed section for supporting a human which moves out forwardly or backwardly relative to a bed.

Wheeled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter wherein the flexible band or strand for supporting the animal has travel wheels associated therewith.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
843 for an animal handling conveyor for moving an animal from one location to another.

Suspending:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means supports a major portion of the animal in a freely hanging manner against the pull of gravity.
(1) Note. The animal does not necessarily hang completely above the ground. A portion of the animal, e.g., its feet, etc., may lightly touch an underlying ground or floor surface. A downward pointing, cone shaped holder in which an animal is wedged in a head-first position while being worked upon, e.g., castrated, inoculated, having a nose ring inserted, etc., is not considered to suspend the animal in a freely hanging manner. See the search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for an easily portable animal carrying structure, e.g., a bag, etc., which may be suspended during transportation by a handle.
722 for a tiltable support which may at times suspend an animal against the pull of gravity depending on the orientation of the support.
751 for a holding crate or trap for confining or capturing an animal, including a cone shaped holder in which an animal is wedged in a head-first position while being worked upon. See the (1) Note above.
753 for a stationary table used as an animal restraint.
843 for an animal elevator.

Head or neck stock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is a rigid framework which securely holds the head or neck region of the animal in a substantially immovable position.
(1) Note. The head or neck region of an animal is considered to contain the skull, brain, and upper vertebrae of a
vertebrate animal, e.g., a head or neck of a cow, hog, etc., and is located above or in front of the main trunk of the body of the animal, e.g., in front of its shoulder, etc.
(2) Note. While a head or neck stock is a rigid framework, it may include a rigid component which pivots, slides, shifts, etc., into a fixed position relative to the animal, or another part of the framework. A mere nose hole in a wall is not considered to be a head or neck stock.
(3) Note. A head or neck stock may be used to facilitate the application of another restraining device, the removal of the animal's coat, the performance of a surgical operation, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
713 for an immobilizing device for holding a bird in a substantially immovable position.
738 for a stanchion for restraining an animal while permitting more freedom of movement than a head or neck stock. See the (3) Note thereunder.
800 for a removable lip or nose clasp, e.g., a twitch, etc.
814 for an animal-carried restraining device for inhibiting the use of a specific body part, particularly 815 for limiting bending of the neck, and 837 for limiting use of the head, face, or horn to, for example, butt or gore.
855 for a neck or throat protector.
856 for a body- or appendage-encircling collar or band worn by an animal and not combined with a controlling, handling, or protecting means.
907 for a harness of general utility.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
452, Butchering, particularly 54 for a device employed in holding an animal for slaughtering.

Animal actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Subject matter wherein the rigid framework is directly activated into a securing position by contact with the animal.

Having head or neck gate pivoted about vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 730. Subject matter wherein the rigid framework includes a member which securely holds a head or neck region of the animal by rotating into engagement therewith about an upright axis.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 729 for a description of the head or neck region of an animal.

And crate having movable clamping side member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Subject matter wherein the rigid framework further includes a confining enclosure having therein a relatively maneuverable, clasping, border element for applying a confining pressure to a side of the animal.
(1) Note. The side member may be a wall of the crate itself or may be distinct therefrom.
(2) Note. To be proper for this subclass the crate must be used for more than just a mere housing, feeding, or milking purpose where immobilization of the animal is not essential. The immobilization may be necessary to enable shearing, branding, treatment by a veterinarian, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.03 for a milking station arrangement used for the purpose of conducting and facilitating milking or in combination with another dairy operation, e.g., milk delivery, animal feeding, washing, exercising, etc.
15 for an animal confining or housing device such as a cage, coop, kennel, pen, or stall for confining an animal to a comparatively restricted area for protecting it against intruders, unfavorable conditions of weather, or for facilitating its care and management.
752 for a crate or trap having an adjustable animal positioning or accommodating means but without a head or neck stock.

Pivoting about horizontal axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter wherein the border element rotates about an axial line perpendicular to vertical, i.e., about a horizontal axial
line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
734 for a head stock having dual head or neck gates which pivot.

Dual pivoting head or neck gates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Subject matter wherein the rigid framework includes two opposing members which securely hold a head or neck region of the animal by swinging into engagement therewith.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 729 for a description of the head or neck region of an animal.

One head or neck gate moves relative to second, stationary gate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Subject matter wherein the rigid framework includes a member which engages one side of a head or neck region of the animal by moving with respect to another opposing, nonmoving member which engages an opposite side of the head or neck region to thereby securely hold the head of the animal.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 729 for a description of the head or neck region of an animal.

Vertically moving gate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 735. Subject matter wherein the moving member travels up or down into engagement with a bottom or topside, respectively, of the head or neck region of the animal.

Dual sliding head or neck gates maintaining parallel relationship during movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 729. Subject matter
wherein the rigid framework includes two opposing members which have evenly spaced animal engaging portions for securely holding a head or neck region of the animal by gliding into engagement therewith while preserving the even spacing throughout all ranges of motion.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 729 for a description of the head or neck region of an animal.

Stanchion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means consists of horizontally spaced, upright members which engage opposite sides of a neck region of the animal to prevent the animal from retracting its head region therethrough, i.e., a stanchion.
(1) Note. The term "stanchion" is generally used to connote the entire frame assembly used to hold an animal in a desired location. An upright member is frequently called a stanchion bar, a neck bar, or a restraining arm. At least one of the upright members of a stanchion is usually pivotally or slidably supported such that it can be moved away from the other upright member to admit the head and neck of the animal to be restrained. It can then be moved toward locking engagement relative to the other upright member to embrace the neck and prevent withdrawal of the head. An upright member may be made from a flexible material or plural rigid members acting as an upright member, e.g., a chain, etc. If one of the upright members is intended to travel along with the head or neck region of the animal as it moves up or down, the moving member is considered to be part of a tether and not part of a stanchion.
(2) Note. The head region of an animal is considered to contain the skull and brain and is attached to the neck region, which contains the upper vertebrae and throat of a vertebrate animal, e.g., a head or neck of a cow, hog, etc. The neck region is located immediately above or in front of the main trunk of the body of the animal, e.g., in front of its shoulder, etc.
(3) Note. A stanchion differs from a head or neck stock in that it permits more freedom of movement. A head or neck stock more firmly clamps or immovably holds the neck of the animal and is designed to reduce to a minimum any movement of the head or neck, while a stanchion is designed simply to prevent escape of the animal from its stall or to segregate it for a feeding or housing purpose.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
729 for a head or neck stock which holds the head or neck
region of an animal in a substantially immovable position.
783 for an upright member intended to travel along with the head or neck region of the animal as it moves up or down as part of a tether.
814 for an animal-carried restraining device for inhibiting the use of a specific body part, particularly 815 for limiting bending of the neck, and 837 for limiting use of the head, face, or horn to, for example, butt or gore.

Multiple stanchions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 738. Subject matter wherein plural sets of the horizontally separated, upright members prevent plural animals from retracting their head regions therethrough.
(1) Note. To be proper for this subclass, more than one stanchion must be claimed, or connecting or controlling structure for more than one stanchion, e.g., for causing simultaneous securement or release, etc., must also be claimed. Mere disclosure that a single stanchion may be used in a multiple stanchion environment without any claimed structure relating to the multiple stanchion environment is not proper for this subclass.

Having animal actuated securing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Subject matter wherein one of the sets of upright members includes an animal-operated fastening means which causes one of the upright members to move into and remain in an animal contacting position.

Having longitudinally slidable actuating mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 739. Subject matter wherein one of the sets of upright members includes a linearly translating activating means which causes one of the upright members to move into or out of an animal contacting position.
(1) Note. While only one of the upright members for one of the stanchions needs to be actuated by the mechanism, the
mechanism usually actuates at least one of the upstanding shafts for all of the stanchions.

Bottom-pivoted stanchion bar pivots near vertical centerline of stanchion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter wherein the moving upright member is an upright shaft which swings about an axis near its lower end and located midway between the swinging upright shaft and the upright member cooperating therewith.
(1) Note. The upright stanchion members usually have a relatively horizontal portion integral with, or fixedly attached to, their bottoms so that they can remain upright in use and still be pivotally connected near both their bottoms and the vertical centerline of the stanchion. If both members pivot, they need not share a common axis of rotation as long as the axes are near each other and the vertical centerline of the stanchion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
747 for a bottom-pivoted upright stanchion bar pivotally connected near both the bottom of the other upright member and the vertical centerline of a stanchion.

Having flexible or hingedly jointed stanchion bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 738. Subject matter wherein one of the upright members is a readily bendable member or pivotally coupled segmented member.
(1) Note. The flexible stanchion bar flexes or the hingedly jointed stanchion bar, e.g., a chain, pivotally connected segmented bar, etc., moves about its hinge area to permit the head of the animal to pass into or out of the stanchion.

Having bottom-pivoted upright stanchion bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 738. Subject matter wherein one of the upright members is an upright shaft which swings about an axis at or near its lower end.

And member for guiding and securing upper end of stanchion bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 744. Subject matter wherein the stanchion further includes a component which both positions and fastens a top end portion of the swinging upright shaft as it swings about the axis into an animal contacting position.
(1) Note. The member may guide the upper end of the pivoted upright bar directly or indirectly, e.g., by guiding securing structure attached thereto, etc. A plurality of pivotally connected rigid links or other flexible element connecting the upper ends of the stanchion bars and used solely to move the pivoted upright stanchion bar rather than just guiding and securing it are not proper for this subclass. The axis about which the stanchion bar pivots and any structure related thereto is not considered to be a guiding and securing means.

Upper end of stanchion bar travels in guiding slot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 745. Subject matter wherein the top end portion of the swinging upright shaft swings in an elongated opening portion of the positioning and fastening component.

Pivotally connected near bottom and vertical centerline of stanchion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 744. Subject matter wherein the swinging upright shaft swings about an axis which is both close to the lower end of the other upright member and is located approximately midway between the swinging upright shaft and the other upright member.
(1) Note. The upright stanchion members usually have a relatively horizontal portion integral with, or fixedly attached to, their bottoms so that they can remain upright in use and still be pivotally connected near both their bottoms and the vertical centerline of the stanchion. If both bars pivot, they need not share a common axis of rotation as long as the axes are near each other and the vertical centerline of the stanchion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
742 for a multiple stanchion arrangement which has a stanchion which is actuated by a longitudinally slidable actuating mechanism and which has a bottom- pivoted upright stanchion bar which pivots near the vertical centerline of the stanchion.

Opposing upright stanchion bars both pivot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 747. Subject matter wherein each of the upright members are upright shafts which swing about axes which are both close to their lower ends and are located approximately midway between them.
(1) Note. See the (1) Note under subclass 747 above.

Suspended:
This subclass is indented under subclass 738. Subject matter wherein the upright members hang from a supporting means positioned overhead.

Pivoted upright stanchion bar biased toward or away from neck-engaging position by spring or weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 738. Subject matter wherein one of the upright members is an upright shaft which swings into or out of contact with the neck region of the animal due to the force caused by a resilient member, a heavy member, or a heavy portion of the upright shaft itself.

Holding crate or trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means restrains an animal in a substantially fixed position in an animal confining or capturing enclosure.
(1) Note. To be proper for this subclass the crate or trap must be used for more than just a mere housing, feeding, or milking purpose where restraining of the animal in a fixed
position is not essential. The restraining of the animal in a fixed position may be necessary to enable shearing, branding, treatment by a veterinarian, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.03 for a milking station arrangement used for the purpose of conducting and facilitating milking or in combination with another dairy operation, e.g., milk delivery, animal feeding, washing, exercising, etc.
15 for an animal confining or housing device such as a cage, coop, kennel, pen, or stall for confining an animal to a comparatively restricted area for protecting it against intruders, unfavorable conditions of weather, or for facilitating its care and management.
732 for a restraining crate having a head stock and movable clamping side member.

Having adjustable animal positioning or accommodating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 751. Subject matter wherein the animal confining or capturing enclosure includes a relatively maneuverable member for altering the location of the animal in the enclosure or for adapting to a feature of the animal, e.g., its size, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
732 for a restraining crate having a head stock and movable clamping side member which may position the animal within the crate.

Platform (e.g., grooming table, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is an animal underlying body supporting surface or stage.
(1) Note. The platform may have a planar, curved, or irregular shaped surface, and may include means for changing the elevation of the animal for the purpose of placing the animal in a convenient position for the animal handler.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
722 for a tiltable support used as an animal restraint.
728 for an animal suspending restraint.
843 for an animal elevator or moveable platform or conveyor for relocating an animal or for loading or unloading a means to transport an animal.

Having outwardly sloped, opposing planar side walls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the animal underlying, supporting platform has flat upstanding border portions extending angularly away from, and opposite to, each other.
(1) Note. The side walls, due to their outward slopes, may support part or, if V-shaped, all of the body of the animal.

Having distinct limb restraint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the animal underlying, supporting platform includes an individual armor leg clasping member which limits free movement of the arm or leg.
(1) Note. A stationary table having a body restraint which also clasps a limb of the animal is not proper for this subclass and is found elsewhere under subclass 753.

Having animal positioning restraint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the animal underlying, supporting platform includes a body clasping member which helps the platform hold the body of the animal in a specific orientation.
(1) Note. The animal positioning restraint often helps support the animal on the table in a standing position, e.g., for a grooming or veterinary purpose, etc., but is not intended to supplant the table as the primary means of supporting the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
725 for a body sling which is intended to be the primary means of supporting the animal.

Having downwardly curved animal supporting portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter wherein the animal underlying, supporting platform has a generally U-shaped animal holding component.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
725 for a body sling having a flexible band or strand passing beneath the torso of an animal to suspend the animal in a hanging manner.
728 for a restraint from which the animal is suspended in a hanging manner.

Animal-carried hook or extension for engaging and preventing breaching or lifting of fence or barrier (e.g., poke, drag hook, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter wherein the limiting means includes an animal-supported projection (i.e., extension) having a proximal portion supported from an animal and a distal portion protruding away from or dragged by the animal, the distal portion being constructed and arranged to contact, hook onto, or otherwise interact with a barricade (e.g., fence, etc.) in order to either stop the progress of the animal or otherwise discourage the desire of the animal to pass through or over (i.e., breach) the barricade, or to prevent the animal from pushing upward (i.e., lifting) or otherwise tearing off a part of the barricade (e.g., fence wire, board, etc.).
(1) Note. The extension is usually of the nature of a lever-type arm or hooklike member that extends from the animal in a manner so as to increase the apparent size of the animal as "seen" by a fence, so as to engage the fence as the animal attempts to breach the fence. However, an extension can be in the form of, for example, an anchor like hook dragged by the animal via a tether so as to hook onto the fence if the animal does proceed to pass through or over a fence.
(2) Note. A device classifiable in this subclass should be distinguished from:
(a) a hitching device, where an animal is held fast to something other than the animal to prevent roaming; or
(b) a head-butting device, which may engage a fence and
discourage pushing, ramming, or butting of the fence but does not rely upon an extension that increases the apparent size of the animal as "seen" by the fence.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
769 for hitching or tethering an animal.
815 for restraining an animal from a neck lowering motion that normally accompanies a jumping action over a fence.
816 for a leg restraint to keep an animal from jumping.
837 for preventing pushing or ramming of a fence by a head, face, or horn.

Having body piercing attachment as sole support from animal (e.g., nose ring, pin, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Subject matter wherein the only means to support the extension from the animal is by means of an element adapted to protrude into the skin of the animal.
(1) Note. To be proper for this subclass, the skin piercing element must be for purposes of supporting the extension on or from the animal, as opposed to an ancillary purpose such as a punishment or pain inflicting means provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
761 for a rigid extension that protrudes from a neck-encircling support with a further connection to a diverse body area, wherein the further connection may be skin piercing.
767 for a rigid extension supported from the head, face, or muzzle area of an animal with a further connection to the animal that may be skin piercing.

Having rigid extension protruding from neck- encircling support (e.g., bar with bow or collar, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Subject matter wherein the extension is a relatively stiff member (e.g., bar) intended to be supported for projection from an area of an animal between its ears and shoulder blades, exclusive, (i.e., neck), wherein the means to support the proximal
portion of the extension to the neck of the animal includes a neck surrounding member (e.g., bow, collar, etc.).
(1) Note. The degree of stiffness required is only that stiffness necessary to stop the animal from passing through the fence, or the stiffness required to transmit sufficient force to, for example, a pain inflicting pricker or spur, as distinguished from, for example, a hook connected to the animal via a tether.
(2) Note. To be classified herein, the extension must have its most distally located support attachment point to the animal at a support located on the neck of the animal. That is, where an extension has plural points of attachment to an animal support, the most distal attachment point of the extension governs classification. Likewise, when the extension is supported from the neck and protrudes away from the animal between its ears or horns, classification is proper in this subclass based upon the support location and is not affected by the projection of the extension from an area other than the neck (i.e., between the ears or horns).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a drag hook or anchor adapted to engage a fence attached to an animal by a tether.
759 for a poke having a rigid extension or hook with a skin piercing attachment to an animal.
766 for a poke having a rigid extension supported from an animal's head, face, ear, or horn.
856 for a collar, per se.

Rigid extension having further connection to or support from diverse body area (e.g., nostril, leg, muzzle, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter including an additional animal attachment, other than the neck-encircling support, at a location other than the neck area.
(1) Note. For such a further attachment to a diverse body area of the animal to be classifiable in this subclass, it must not be the attachment most distally located on the extension, as set forth in the Note (2) of the previous subclass.
(2) Note. The additional attachment generally provides, for example, further stability for the support structure or a means to inflict discomfort to the animal, such as an attachment between the extension and a nose ring so that the
extension will pull on the nose ring when the extension engages a fence.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
766 for a poke having a rigid extension supported from an animal's head, face, ear, or horn.

Neck-encircling support having connected sections relatively pivotable upon fence engagement by rigid extension (e.g., jointed bow, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter wherein the neck-encircling support includes a plurality of joined portions (i.e., sections) that are constructed to hinge or bend with respect to one another when the extension engages a fence during an attempted breach.
(1) Note. Hinging or bending may be employed to, for example, activate a breach discouraging element such as a pricker, spur, nostril pull, etc.; or to reduce the cross-sectional area of the neck-encircling support to apply a choking pressure to the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a poke having different construction that includes a pricker or spur.

Rigid extension pivotally connected to neck- encircling support (e.g., pivoted bar, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter wherein the rigid extension is hingeably attached to the support or is otherwise adapted to bend with respect to the support when the distal portion of the extension engages a fence during an attempted breach.
(1) Note. Pivoting or bending may be employed to activate a breach discouraging element such as a pricker, spur, nostril pull, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a poke having a rigid extension pivotally connected to an area of the body other than the neck or head.
768 for a poke having a rigid extension pivotally connected to a head support.

Sole extension supported below neck or head:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter having only one extension, wherein the one extension is rigid and is pivotally connected to the neck-encircling support in a hanging manner under the animal's neck or head.
(1) Note. To be classifiable in this subclass, there must be only one extension of any kind for engaging a fence to prevent breach of the fence. An extension having plural spaced bars mounted to pivot in unison is considered to be a sole extension.

Having pricker, spur, or electric shock element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter including a breach discouraging element in the form of a sharply pointed objector a means for providing electric current to the animal, wherein the discouraging element is adapted to actively interact with the animal to discourage breaching when the rigid extension engages a fence during an attempted breach.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to provide for all neck-carried breach prevention devices including a pricker, spur, or electric shock element. A poke having other construction that employs a pricker, spur, or electric shock element is properly classified in an area providing for the other construction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a poke of different construction that includes a pricker, spur, or electric shock element.
859 for a collar including an electrical element.
908 for electrical animal control or handling.

Having rigid extension protruding from head, face, or muzzle area of animal (e.g., bar and halter, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 758. Subject matter wherein the extension is a relatively stiff member (e.g.,
bar, hook, etc.) having its proximal attachment to an animal's ear, horn, or any portion of its head between and including its ears and nose.
(1) Note. Where a rigid extension, i.e., bar, has more than one proximal connection to a support, especially where the connections include attachments to different areas of the body, classification is proper in this subclass when the most distally located connection of the bar is attached to the head. Likewise, if a bar attached to the head protrudes from another area of the body (e.g., between and through the ears or horns over the neck), classification is proper in this subclass based upon the support location and is not affected by the fact that the distal fence engaging portion of the bar is located closer to another area of the body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a poke having a rigid extension protruding from an area of the body other than the neck or head.
759 for a poke having a rigid extension or hook with a shin piercing attachment to an animal.
760 for a poke having a rigid extension protruding from a neck support.

Having connection to or support from nostril, horn, or ear:
Subject matter under 766 including an attachment to a nostril, horn, or ear.

Rigid extension pivotally connected to animal support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 766. Subject matter wherein the rigid extension is hingeably attached to or is otherwise adapted to bend with respect to the support from the animal when the distal portion of the extension engages a fence during an attempted breach.
(1) Note. Hinging or bending may be employed to activate a breach discouraging element such as a pricker, spur, nostril pull, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
758 for a poke having a rigid extension pivotally connected to an area of the body other than the neck or head.
763 for a poke having a rigid extension pivotally connected to a neck support.

Hitching or tethering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 712. Subject matter including human or animal securing or the fastening of a human or animal utilizing a flexible or rigid elongated element as a rope, strap chain, or bar to keep it within certain bounds or radius.
(1) Note. Restraining a tail of an animal from switching back and forth by tethering it to a stationary object or a human is not considered "hitching" (see subclass 811).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 for hitching means connecting an animal to a roundabout.
811 for inhibiting tail switching by tethering.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 115 for a cord or rope holder.
54, Harness, 6.1 for a bridle, subclass 34 for a hitching strap, subclass 64 for a hitching strap holder and subclass 69 for an attaching or detaching device.

For a human being:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter wherein the securing means is an elongated element which is connected to a portion of the body of a first person or an item worn thereon.
(1) Note. The tether may be connected at one end to the person directly, or to a harness, a piece of clothing, or other item worn by the person. At its other end it may be connected to an anchoring structure or to another person in the manner of a leash. A tether in which the person is instructed to grasp a portion thereof voluntarily is included herein.
(2) Note. This subclass is the residual location for a tether for a human being. If a patent does not claim a specific use but discloses a use found elsewhere, e.g., in
Classes 5, 128, 182, 224, 244, 280, 294, 297, 441, 472, etc., original classification should be in that class. A patent having plural disclosures, none of which are claimed, would be placed as an original in the superior class unless the classes involved have an established line therebetween which would control placement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
2, Apparel, for a human body harness in combination with or constituting apparel, including a bib for an infant which may also be used to restrain the infant, and particularly subclass 44 and 45 for a body brace or support, subclass 102 for vest apparel, and subclasses 300 through 342 for a garment supporter or retainer, e.g., subclass 311 for a belt having a handle which is worn by a motorcyclist so that a motorcycle passenger may grasp the handle as necessary.
5, Beds, for a bed or bed accessory for a human body, particularly 600 for a body harness used with an invalid bed or surgical support and subclasses 424+ for a restraint disclosed for protecting a person from injury or from rolling out of a bed.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, particularly 3 for a torso harness disclosed for supporting a workman or for a rescue or escape operation and which may employ an anchoring tether.
224, Package and Article Carriers, for a body harness for a living bearer combined with package and article carrying means, particularly subclass 158 for a carrier for a person and subclass 184 for means attached to a person for towing an object along a surface, e.g., a game animal, etc.
280, Land Vehicles, particularly subclass 290 for a body harness for attaching a human occupant to an occupant-propelled wheeled vehicle and subclasses 801.1+ for a safety belt or harness combined with significant vehicle structure and used to prevent, restrain, or limit movement of a human occupant relative to the vehicle in the event of a sudden, unexpected movement.
297, Chairs and Seats, particularly subclass 275 for a belt or garment restrainer with an oscillatory suspended baby jumper and subclasses 464+ for a body restrainer disclosed for confining a seated human occupant to a chair or seat, wherein the seat may be in a vehicle if no significant vehicle structure is claimed.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, particularly 80 for a water rescue or life protecting apparatus for a person which may include tether structure.
472, Amusement Devices, particularly 32 for a roundabout having a suspended occupant or article carriage swinging about a vertical axis.

Attached to vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter wherein the limiting means is connected to a load carrying travel conveyance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, particularly subclass 39.18 for a body harness designed to be connected to a sailboard-type marine vessel.
244, Aeronautics, the combination of significant aircraft structure with body harness, particularly subclass 122 for a device for holding an occupant to an aircraft seat.
280, Land Vehicles, particularly subclass 290 for a body harness for attaching a human occupant to an occupant-propelled wheeled vehicle and subclasses 801.1+ for a safety belt or harness combined with significant vehicle structure and used to prevent, restrain, or limit movement of a human occupant relative to the vehicle in the event of a sudden, unexpected movement.
297, Chairs and Seats, particularly 464 for a body restrainer disclosed for confining a seated human occupant to a chair or seat, wherein the seat may be in a vehicle if no significant vehicle structure is claimed.

Releasing apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter including quick liberating apparatus for hitched animals.
(1) Note. Such apparatus is useful in case of barn fires, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for a confining and housing device, particularly subclass 16 for a barn or shed adapted to facilitate animal care and protection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, subclass 69 for an attaching or detaching device.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 2 for automatic
operation or control (e.g., trips).

With heat combustible or fusible actuating element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter wherein the releasing mechanism is set in motion by high temperature (i.e., a barn fire) acting upon an element causing it to burn or melt.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, 1 for a thermal release or actuator.

With lead line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter including means such as a line, chain, or wire for leading the liberated animals from a burning barn, for example.

With sprayer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter including a spraying system for contacting the animal with liquid to hasten its exit upon release from a barn fire, for example.
(1) Note. The spraying system may serve incidentally to protect the animal and to extinguish an adjacent fire.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
665 for antivermin treatment, dusting, and spraying.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
169, Fire Extinguishers, 5 for a fluid system, including a stationary sprinkling system.

Tether-carried remote releasing device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter wherein a tether includes attaching apparatus to an animal halter or collar which is operable at a distance therefrom to unlock the tether.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, subclass 69 for an attaching or detaching device.

Reciprocating bar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter including apparatus in which endwise movement of a bar, rod, wire, or similar element is effective to release a hitching connection to an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, subclass 28 for a sliding pin or rod horse detacher.

With spring-biased locking member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 777. Subject matter including a hitch engagement element which is urged into its nonreleasable position by a biasing member.

Rotatable shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 772. Subject matter including apparatus in which rotation of a shaft is effective to release a hitched tethering means.

Rotary arm hitching device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter wherein the hitching device includes a support such as a post or picket to which an armlike element is rotatably secured and to which a tether is attached for hitching purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 30 for tethered fixed-wing aircraft.
472, Amusement Devices, 7 for a toy-type roundabout having a rotary arm, tether, etc.

With spring-biased tensioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Subject matter including a biasing member connected with the rotary arm and operable to prevent undue slackening of a tether between the arm and an attached tethered animal.

With weight-controlled tensioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 780. Subject matter including a member connected with the rotary arm which under gravity force is functionable to prevent undue slackening of a tether between the arm and an attached tethered animal.

Movement permitting stall hitching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter for holding an animal in a protective chamber which includes an animal neck-engaging means connected to a movable or slidable means which serves to secure the animal while allowing movement of a portion of its body such as raising or lowering its head when standing or resting.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, subclass 34 for a hitching strap.

Traveler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter wherein a tethered animal has its tether connected to a track follower which may travel the length of an elongated track allowing a substantial range of self-imparted movement or
travel to the animal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, 87 for track hardware.
114, Ships, subclass 102.19, 112, and 204 for a traveler.

Including rolling element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 784. Subject matter wherein the follower incorporates at least one component which travels the track while turning on an axis.

Portable stake or post:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter including a movably anchored upright support the upper part of which is constructed to securely hold one end of a tether.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
780 for an arm support often carried by a portable stake or post.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 155 for a piercing or expanding earth anchor including a pole or post so equipped.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclass 118 for a stake used with portable shelter.

Anti-entangling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 786. Subject matter including a feature or device for preventing an animal tether from ensnaring itself around the animals legs or around the stake or post.

Stationary hitching post:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter including a permanently mounted upright support or subterranean anchor means being structured to serve as a tether supporting hitching device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 720.1 for an elongated rigid member of more general application.

Automatic take-up:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter including an automatic tether retraction means operable when a contained tether is pulled from a post for hitching use to maintain the tether taut or to withdraw it into the post.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
780 for means causing a rotary arm to take up slack to a tether.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 385.1 for a reeling device having a spring motor and a lock against winding that is responsive to movement of the wound material.

Disappearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter including a hitching post or similar tether supporting device which is provided with a below ground casing in order to retract the post below ground into the casing when not in use.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 351 for a device to hold an article or thing from falling against the action of gravity.

Tether holding attachment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter including means mounted upon a hitching post for securing a tether thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 115 for a cord or rope holder.

Tether and animal securing means (e.g., collar, harness, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter including a tether combined with a device or element which encloses and fastens the neck or body part of an animal.
(1) Note. Included herein are devices known as "cattle ties" which include a neck-engaging device with tether attached to anchor the animal limiting its movement.
(2) Note. A tether may be disclosed in the patents found in Classes 5, 128, 182, 224, 244, 280, 294, 297, 441, and 472, especially in the subclasses thereof described in the search notes of subclass 770.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
856 for a body- or appendage-encircling collar or band (e.g., neck collar, leg band, etc.).
866 for a nose lead ring.

Unitary type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 792. Subject matter wherein one end portion of the unitary tether is structured to at least partially enclose and fasten the neck or body of an animal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864 for a slip or choke collar.

With retractable-reel wound collar mounted tether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 792. Subject matter wherein the tether is wound on a collar supported spool which may be spring powered, for example, to pay out or retract the tether to the desired extent.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 370 for a reeling device of general use.

Tether:
A strap or chain, or the like, fastened to an animal and used to lead the animal or to secure it so as to limit its range.
(1) Note. A tether may be disclosed in the patents found in Classes 5, 128, 182, 224, 244, 280, 294, 297, 441, and 472, especially in the subclasses thereof described in the search notes of subclass 770.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
54, Harness, subclass 34 for a hitching strap.