U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
[Manual of Classification, Class Listing] [Manual of Classification, Class 114] [Classification Definitions, Class Listing] [USPTO Home Page]

U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000

[Explanation of Data]

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the " [Patents] " icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )

For classification search strategies, please refer to the Classification Index Explanation of Data web page.

(definitions have been obtained from the Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Electronic Products Branch)


Class 114

SHIPS


Class Definition:
This class includes marine vehicles and accessories, as merchant vessels, warships, submarines, torpedoboats, etc., their spars, sails, and fittings specific thereto and not otherwise classifiable.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 713+, and see the notes thereto for depth sounding devices and related art.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclass 1 for a horizontally pivoted ladder wherein a step remains level, subclasses 83+ for a wall attached platform and ladder, and subclasses 93+ for a wall attached ladder.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 3.1 for control or stabilizing means for missiles and subclasses 75+ for apparatus and devices for controlling aircraft generally of the manned typed. Subclasses 76+ is the generic subclass for the automatic steering of mobile craft in two and three dimensions. See subclasses 175+ and the classes specified in the notes thereto for the classes which provide for electrically controlled or actuated apparatus for automatically controlling the motion and/or steering of mobile craft and for a statement as to the line between the classes.
440, Marine Propulsion, for marine vehicle propulsion devices, per se, and especially subclasses 38+ for marine jet drive propulsion and subclasses 49+ for screw propeller-type propulsion.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, for rafts.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclasses 150+ for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] > 30 K) superconducting systems or devices, particularly subclass 164 for projectile or launching device or system.


SUBCLASSES


Subclass: 1 [Patents]

Ships and similar structures for offensive and defensive purposes, elements or details specific thereto, and inventions relating to the construction and building of such vessels not otherwise classifiable.

Subclass: 2 [Patents]

Vessels provided with bow or stern extensions below the waterline for ramming purposes -- or ships having battering-rams or augers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for rams used in ice-breaking.

Subclass: 3 [Patents]

Vessels having reciprocating or thrusting rams designed to batter in or puncture the hull of a vessel; also vessels provided with augers or boring devices to effect the same ends.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, subclass 463 and see the notes thereto for other impact tools.

Subclass: 4 [Patents]

Floating forts designed to be anchored in harbors usually of circular section and cylindrical or globular in form, and though such forts may have means of propulsion they differ from the general type of warships and form a distinctive class.
(1) Note. These devices differ from turrets in that turrets are fortified structures mounted upon, rotating with, or being elevated upon other structures, while floating batteries form a single structure, being rotated or elevated as a whole.

Subclass: 5 [Patents]

Warships having mounted thereon an armored short or flat tower, generally cylindrical or conical in shape within which guns are operated. These structures usually rotate upon or are elevated or lowered on the vessel carrying them.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for revolving vessels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.13

Subclass: 6 [Patents]

Warships provided with revoluble turrets that may be elevated or depressed at will.

Subclass: 7 [Patents]

Turrets that may be elevated or depressed on the vessel that supports them.

Subclass: 8 [Patents]

Turrets that are revoluble upon the vessel supporting them.

Subclass: 9 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Miscellaneous armor-clad vessels in which turret features are not claimed and which involve novelty in protected hulls or decks, etc., either through belts or sheathing of armor-plate which may be placed to form deflecting-surfaces or by means of temporary shields and screens (other than the shields of gun mounts in Class 89, Ordnance, ... ).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, particularly subclass 49.5 for nonvehicular screens or shields for persons; subclass 58.5 for gun ports and subclass 78 and indented subclasses for penetration resistive rigid wall structures not involving a combination with a gun or gun mount.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and especially subclasses 457+ for a composite product including a layer of metal, and subclasses 615+ for a metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its components.

Subclass: 10 [Patents]

Devices for protecting warships by means of armor arranged to form deflecting-surfaces to receive the impact of projectiles and cause their rebound.
(1) Note. See this class, subclasses 5 and indented subclasses.

Subclass: 11 [Patents]

Inventions in protecting warships by armor, involving the structure, assembling, and securing of armor-plates or equivalent upon the hull, decks, or elsewhere to form sheaths or belts.

Subclass: 12 [Patents]

Armor-plating composed of a plurality of superposed parts jointed or locked together to form an integral plate or in which the belting or plating is of a compound character formed of different materials, including buffers or equivalent, or structurally united or in which the plating is composed of a plurality of layers of plates.

Subclass: 13 [Patents]

Armor belting and plating in which yielding or elastic means are provided either at the backing or supports or between the elements of the compound armor or plates.

Subclass: 14 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Devices in which protection is secured to the vessel or crew by means of a screen or shield secured to the vessel or which is portable. It differs from Class 89, Ordnance, ..., in that the latter shields are a part of the gun-mount, while the devices of this subclass are a part of the vessel or are independent of the gun and its mount.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
174 and 175.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 36.12 for shields of gun-mounts.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, particularly subclass 49.5 for nonvehicular screens or shields for persons; subclass 58.5 for gun ports and subclass 78 and indented subclasses; for rigid penetration resistant walls or armor not involving a combination with a gun or gun mount.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses for a single or plural layer web or sheet stock material, and especially subclass 911 (a cross-reference art collection) for such product having a penetration resistant layer.

Subclass: 15 [Patents]

Means for rendering a warship invisible or indistinguishable at a distance by particular combinations of paints or through resemblance to surroundings.

Subclass: 18 [Patents]

Torpedo-boats that run on the surface or awash and that are not submergible. All have means for placing, launching, or discharging torpedoes or are themselves the carrier of the explosive.
(1) Note. Torpedoboats differ from torpedoes in that they are manned and controlled by a crew while torpedoes carry no crew, are not designed for such purpose and are much smaller.

Subclass: 19 [Patents]

Torpedoboats carrying torpedoes at the end of a spar, the torpedo being exploded on contracting the hull of the vessel toward which it is directed, being launched from the spar toward the hull, or discharged at will.

Subclass: 20.1 [Patents]

TORPEDOES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including fish or automobile torpedoes, the power or propulsion being self-contained and nearly always actuating screw-propellers, which propel the torpedo on the surface or at any desired depth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238 for torpedo launching.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 406+, and indented subclasses for submarine mines; subclasses 347+ for pyrotechnic rockets and subclasses 374+ for aerial missiles having a reaction motor propulsion means.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses, for electric motor systems which might be used to either steer or propel a torpedo; particularly subclasses 580+, and 648+ for automatic control of electric motors in response to direction, inclination or angular position.

Subclass: 20.2 [Patents]

With power plants:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter wherein means are provided for driving the torpedo through the water.

Subclass: 20.3 [Patents]

With net cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter wherein means are provided for cutting a net.

Subclass: 21.1 [Patents]

With external control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter including fish or automobile torpedoes controlled from a shore or other station by electrical or radiant energy means, (e.g., radio, electric conductors) for steering.
(1) Note. This subclass is the generic subclass in Class 114 for the electrical control of movable bodies which are classified in Class 114 (e.g., ships and torpedoes) and provides for such inventions where the device claimed is not limited to being a device other than a torpedo.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 144+ for mechanism for controlling the direction
or motion of a ship by means of rudders, speed-retarders etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 77, and the classes specified in the Notes thereto for electrically actuated or controlled apparatus and devices for automatically controlling the motion and/or steering of mobile devices, and for a statement as to the line between the classes.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric motor systems which might be used to either steer or propel a cable controlled torpedo.

Subclass: 21.2 [Patents]

With remote control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1. Subject matter wherein means are provided for controlling the device remotely.

Subclass: 21.3 [Patents]

With homing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter wherein means are provided with some type of homing features.

Subclass: 22 [Patents]

Fish-torpedoes formed of a plurality of separable sections or parts, one of which contains the explosive, the remaining sections being capable of a subsequent use.

Subclass: 23 [Patents]

Torpedoes of this type wherein the invention relates to the steering mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 for other than automatic or self- contained devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for electric motor systems which might be used to steer a torpedo.

Subclass: 24 [Patents]

Steering mechanisms for fish-torpedoes in which a gyroscope disk or wheel controls the steadiness of the torpedo's course, direction, speed, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 5+ for gyroscopes of general application.

Subclass: 25 [Patents]

Devices for keeping torpedoes at a predetermined depth below the surface while on its course or flight.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 and 17, for such regulating devices as are applicable to submarines.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 414 for submarine mines having depth regulation means responsive to hydrostatic pressure, see Class

Subclass: 26 [Patents]

Vessels of the well-known type approximately flat-bottomed or square-ended; also oyster-floats.

Subclass: 27 [Patents]

Scows having means for discharging a load by overturning, opening doors at bottom or sides, by tilting platforms, by conveyers, carriers, by sectional, hinged, or separable parts, or by flooding or washing away, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 137.1 for means to load a scow or means to unload a scow other than by dumping into the water; subclasses 137.7+ for the combination of means to load a scow with means to dump the load into the water; and, subclass 140.06 for means to bodily lift a vessel
out of the water onto land and then dumping the vessel.

Subclass: 28 [Patents]

Scows formed of a plurality of sections, hulls, or parts.

Subclass: 29 [Patents]

Dumping-scows in which the sections are hinged together and hold the load when united and dump it when separated, the sections turning on the hinges usually placed amid-ships.

Subclass: 30 [Patents]

Dumping and sectional scows, the load being dumped by the separation of the sections.

Subclass: 31 [Patents]

Scows carrying loads on platforms or decks rather than in holds and having means or structure to facilitate dumping or unloading.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 140+ as explained in subclass 27 of this class (114), and subclasses 467+ for a self-loading or unloading vehicle (i.e., a vehicle having a load receiving portion and a means to move a load thereto or therefrom).

Subclass: 32 [Patents]

Scows in which a platform carrying the load is adapted to be tilted and dumped the load.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 467+ as explained in subclass 31 of this class (114), and particularly subclasses 469+ thereunder; also, subclasses 628+ and 639+ for an elevator having a tiltable carrier, and subclasses 697+ and 743 for a vertically swinging load support having a tiltable means for engaging the load.

Subclass: 33 [Patents]

Scows having tilting platforms which are movable laterally before tilting, affording greater facility in tilting the platform to discharge the load overboard.

Subclass: 34 [Patents]

Scows of this type in which an endless belt, carrier, conveyer, or equivalent conveys and discharges the load by its movement.

Subclass: 35 [Patents]

Scows wherein the load is discharged by opening doors or gates at the sides of the scow, the platform usually being inclined and the load held in place by the closed gates.

Subclass: 36 [Patents]

Dumping-scows discharging loads by the opening of doors or gates in the bottom of the scow.

Subclass: 37 [Patents]

Dumping-scows having bottom doors and additional gates for admission of water to flood the load and facilitate dumping or discharge.

Subclass: 38 [Patents]

Scows adapted to be reversed or turned over to dump the load.

Subclass: 39.11 [Patents]

METHOD OF SAILING SAILPOWERED WATERCRAFT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process for navigating a marine vehicle propelled by the wind, the vehicle having (a) a portion which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surfaces and other parts are attached (i.e., hull), (b) in combination with either (1) an extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the
water (i.e., sail), (2) mast, (3) spar, or (4) rigging.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.12 for a sailboard hull and rig means apparatus.
39.21 for apparatus for sail powered propulsion of a marine vehicle in combination with a buoyant hull.
subclasses 271+ for a planing-type hull, per se.

Subclass: 39.12 [Patents]

SAILBOARD AND RIG MEANS THEREFOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle includes (a) a portion which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surfaces and other parts are attached (i.e., hull), (b) the buoyant hull being elongated and of a width comparable to the shoulder width of a user, intended to be propelled by the wind, and supporting the user, and (c) the user supporting wind affected structure (e.g., mast, boom, sail, etc.) for propulsion and navigation of the hull.
(1) Note. Many of the marine vehicles included herein have a mast and a boom with a sail attached thereto connected to, but unsupported by the hull deck such that the vehicle's user must directly grasp and manipulate the boom in order to erect the mast and sail and thereby navigate the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.21 for a buoyant hull propelled by the wind, but with the mast and sail supported by the hull and not the rider.
subclasses 89+ for a sailboat or sailboard mast or spar, per se.
102.1 for sailboat rigging, per se.
102.29 for a sail, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 65+, for the sailboard hull in the absence of rig means(i.e., surfboards) and subclass 74, for a sailboard hull, per se.

Subclass: 39.13 [Patents]

With rig means providing vertical lift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.12. Subject matter wherein the arrangement of the wind affected structure (e.g., mast, spar, sail) on the buoyant hull causes an upward force having a component at right angles to the horizon to be imparted to the hull by the wind.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.21 for a buoyant hull propelled by the wind, but with the mast and sail supported by the hull and not the rider.

Subclass: 39.14 [Patents]

Having specific board shape or construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.12. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect of the configuration of the buoyant hull or its composition is detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 74 for a sailboard hull, per se.

Subclass: 39.15 [Patents]

With hydrofoil (e.g., keel, skeg, rudder, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.12. Subject matter wherein the buoyant hull is provided with a blade projecting downwardly into the water which creates a thrust against the water in a direction perpendicular to the plane approximated by the blade.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.24 for a sailboat having a hydrofoil which provides vertical lift to the hull.

Subclass: 39.16 [Patents]

APPARATUS HELD BY OR ATTACHED TO RIDER TO CONTROL SAILBOARD OR SAILBOARD RIG:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein structure intended to be propelled by the wind is (a) supported by or (b) connected to the user and (c) utilized to manipulate either (1) an elongated buoyant hull of a width comparable to the shoulder width of a user, with the hull supporting the user and the user supporting wind affected structure (e.g., mast, boom, sail, etc.) for propulsion and navigation of the hull (i.e., sailboard), or (2) wind affected structure (e.g., mast, sail, or spar) therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.12 for a sailboard and rig means therefor.

Subclass: 39.17 [Patents]

Rig righting device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.16. Subject matter wherein structure is provided for the user to grasp to restore the wind affected structure to a position in which the sail is upright.

Subclass: 39.18 [Patents]

Harness means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.16. Subject matter wherein the structure is an arrangement engaging a portion of the body of a user and connected to the wind affected structure (e.g., sail, mast, spar) which is used for propulsion and navigation of the hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 151+ for a parachute harness.

Subclass: 39.19 [Patents]

Foot strap means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.16. Subject matter wherein the buoyant hull has structure on an upper surface thereof which extends upwardly to encircle a portion of the foot of a user.

Subclass: 39.21 [Patents]

WATERCRAFT WITH MEANS USED IN PROVIDING SAILPOWER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) the marine vehicle includes a portion which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surfaces and other parts are attached (i.e., hull), and (b) the hull which is propelled by the wind being in combination with either (1) an extent of material by which wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water (i.e., sail), (2) mast, (3) spar, or (4) rigging.
(1) Note. The mere mention of a sailboat without at least a nominal recitation of a hull will be insufficient for placement in this and the indented subclasses and such subject matter will be found elsewhere in the class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.29 for a sail, per se.
39.25 for a specific sailboat hull shape, per se.
subclasses 89+ for a sailboat mast or spar, per se.
102.1 for sailboat rigging, per se.

Subclass: 39.22 [Patents]

With means used for converting from non-sailing watercraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle includes rearrangeable elements for transforming it from a marine vehicle to a marine vehicle propelled by the wind.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 12.5, for a self-propelled vehicle having land and water propulsion means.

Subclass: 39.23 [Patents]

With means for uprighting capsized watercraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has a mechanism for restoring it to a position in the water with an upper surface of the hull horizontal from a position in which the hull was overturned.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.11 for means for uprighting a multiple displacement hull marine vehicle.

Subclass: 39.24 [Patents]

With hydrofoil for providing vertical lift to hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein the hull is provided with a blade which is (a) horizontal or at a small angle to a horizontal plane and (b) aligned with the direction of travel such that when the hull is in motion, the force of the water striking the blade creates a resultant upward force that raises the hull with respect to the water surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.15 for a sailboard having a hydrofoil.
subclasses 274+ for a planing type hull having a hydrofoil.

Subclass: 39.25 [Patents]

Having specifically defined hull shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour) of the (a) perimeter or (b) cross section of the hull is detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56.1 for a displacement-type hull having a specifically defined hull shape.
subclasses 271+ for a planing-type hull having a specifically defined hull shape.

Subclass: 39.26 [Patents]

Multiple hulls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has a plurality of distinct hulls.
(1) Note. The multiple hull marine vehicles in this and the indented subclasses need not have all hulls normally traveling on the surface of the water, but also include one hull on the water surface and one submerged hull.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.1 for a ship having multiple displacement-type hulls.
subclasses 271+ for a ship having multiple planing-type hulls.

Subclass: 39.27 [Patents]

With connecting means as three-dimensional frame with vertically spaced apex (e.g., tetrahedral frame, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.26. Subject matter wherein the hulls are interconnected by an arrangement of elongate members forming a polyhedron having a peak spaced above a base.

Subclass: 39.28 [Patents]

With connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.26. Subject matter wherein structure interconnecting one hull with another allows displacement of one hull with respect to the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.15 for a ship having multiple displacement-type hulls and connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls.
283 for a ship having multiple planing-type hulls and connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls.

Subclass: 39.29 [Patents]

With specific means acted upon by wind to provide sailpower:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour) of the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the hull through the water (i.e., sail) is
detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.29 for a sail, per se.

Subclass: 39.3 [Patents]

Reaction rotor-type (e.g., Magnus effect):
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the hull through the water is an airfoil rotating through more than 360 degrees about an axis.
(1) Note. The airfoil may be of the type having a single element rotated about a central longitudinal axis or may be a plurality of integral elements rotated about a common axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.29 for a reaction rotor-type sail for a marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, especially subclass 10 and 21 for a heavier than air aircraft having a cylindrical rotor.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (I.E., Impellers), especially subclass 4 for a rotary fluid reaction surface (e.g., Magnus effect), per se, and subclass 55 for an impeller combined with a vehicle.

Subclass: 39.31 [Patents]

Having spaced sail surfaces defining airfoil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the hull through the water is a plurality of separated elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.32 for a sail constructed from a plurality of connected panels movable relative to each other.
102.33 for a sail constructed from a plurality of edge connected panels.

Subclass: 39.32 [Patents]

Having specific mast mounting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39.21. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect of a device for connecting to the hull a tall vertical spar that rises from the hull to support the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the hull through the water is detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 90+ for a mast, per se.
93 for a mast step.

Subclass: 40 [Patents]

Vessels or boats designed and operated to break and cut up ice-floes or to open channels for the passage of vessels.

Subclass: 41 [Patents]

Ice-breakers adapted to break up the ice by ramming, the bow or stern structure being designed for that purpose, the cutting being produced by the blows and wedging caused by the speed and impact of the vessel.

Subclass: 42 [Patents]

Ice-breakers having saws or cutters for disrupting the ice, usually actuated by means independent of the speed of the boat or not due to the momentum of the vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, subclasses 24+ for apparatus of general utility for mining or disintegrating ice in a naturally occurring location.

Subclass: 43 [Patents]

Boats or vessels designed to be used on water or ice and sometimes land. The boat's structure is essential.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 11.1, and indented subclasses
for skates and skis, and 845+, and indented subclasses for sleds.

Subclass: 44 [Patents]

Miscellaneous means or devices for raising sunken or submerged vessels, floating drydocks, or devices specific to such use.

Subclass: 45 [Patents]

Means for raising vessels by use of semi-submergible docks, nearly all of which are floating vessels and constructed to receive the vessel upon its bottom or upon a platform or equivalent way, the dock being raised by changing the line of flotation through buoyancy by ejecting or pumping water from the water-tanks or by changing ballast.
(1) Note. Compare with this class, subclasses 258+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 and 53, for structures that are to be entirely submerged.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 4 for stationary or land dry docks.

Subclass: 46 [Patents]

Floating drydocks formed of a plurality of movable and independent sections that united form the dock or in which one or more sections may be used to dock other sections or vessels.

Subclass: 47 [Patents]

Integral structures provided with gates or caissons adapted to be closed and inclose the vessel in a dock, from which the water may be expelled to expose the hull of the vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 6 for gates associated with stationary or land dry docks.

Subclass: 48 [Patents]

Floating drydocks having a platform upon which the hull of the vessel is supported and which is elevated or depressed upon the dock by buoyant action secured by emptying water-tanks or by hoisting.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 3 for elevators in stationary or land dry docks in which the elevator is usually raised by hoisting.

Subclass: 49 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices between which a vessel is raised by their buoyant action, the structures not being designed to be sunk (, below). The camels, caissons, or pontoons are partially submerged by opening watervalves and the vessels secured by straps, chains, etc., and by changing the buoyancy of the structures by expelling water from tanks or on rise of tide the vessel is raised.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for similar structures designed to be sunk and secured to sunken or submerged vessels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 35+ for rafts.

Subclass: 50 [Patents]

Devices for raising sunken vessels; also means for forcing air into a vessel and expelling the water after sealing up openings.

Subclass: 51 [Patents]

Means for raising sunken vessels by hoisting or for hauling vessels off shoals or bars. The sunken vessel is hoisted toward some floating vessel which supports the hoisting apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 264+ for a driven, cable-pulling device for hauling or hoisting a load.

Subclass: 52 [Patents]

Vessels, tanks, or receptacles for containing air adapted when filled to raise a sunken vessel by their combined buoyant force.

Subclass: 53 [Patents]

Structures adapted to receive water and be sunk, attached to sunken vessels, and have the water expelled, thus raising the vessel by buoyant force.

Subclass: 54 [Patents]

Bags or receptacles for containing air adapted to be attached or secured to or in sunken vessels when empty and by inflation raise the same by buoyancy.

Subclass: 55 [Patents]

Devices or means for removing the sand or mud about a submerged hull.

Subclass: 55.5 [Patents]

Motorized self-propelled water-ski or waterscooter-type vehicle (e.g., personal watercraft):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle (a) includes a portion which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surfaces and other parts are attached (i.e., hull), (b) the buoyant hull is capable of supporting a user, and propelled to skim over the surface of the water by a motor carried by the vehicle, (c) the motor being operatively connected to propelling means below the surface of the water, (d) the buoyant hull being steered by the user, and (e) wherein a length of the hull is comparable to the body length of a user and the width of the hull is either somewhat greater than the user s foot but much narrower than the shoulder width of the user (e.g., water-ski) or comparable to the shoulder width of the user
(e.g., waterscooter).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.12 for a sailboard, or a sail propelled marine vehicle.
subclasses 343+ for a boat, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 845+ for a land vehicle provided with a surface slidably engaging the supporting surface over which the vehicle moves.
440, Marine Propulsion, appropriate subclasses for marine vehicle propulsion devices, per se, and especially subclasses 38+ for marine jet drive propulsion and subclasses 49+ for screw propeller-type propulsion.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 65+ for a non-self-propelled water skimming device, and especially subclasses 68+ for a water ski, per se, and subclass 74 for a surfboard.

Subclass: 55.51 [Patents]

Having hull compartment drain, or vent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the hull includes means (a) to permit the escape of liquid from an enclosed area in the hull or (b) to permit the ingress or egress of a gas (e.g., air).
(1) Note. An exhaust gas pipe coupled to the engine and extending from a compartment housing the engine is not considered a vent.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 40+ Marine Propulsion, subclass 88 for means for handling engine fluids and subclass 89 for means for handling engine exhaust gas.

Subclass: 55.52 [Patents]

Having pivoted steering and towing mast for rider:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has (a) a control handle for controlling the direction of travel of the vehicle, (b) the handle is connected to the hull to permit rotation about a
horizontal axis and (c) the handle when grasped by a user transmitting pulling force from the hull to the user.
(1) Note. Many of the marine vehicles classified herein are designed to accommodate a standing or kneeling user.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 144+ for a ship steering mechanism, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 845+ for a runner supported land vehicle, and subclass 14.3 for a runner supported land vehicle having a steering handle accommodating a standing occupant.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 40+ for direction control for a marine fluid jet-type drive.

Subclass: 55.53 [Patents]

Having releasable hull compartment cover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has an enclosed area within the hull, an opening of which has an overlying moveable lid for access to the enclosed area.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 201+ for a hatch or cover for a deck opening of a ship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for a movable or removable closure, per se.
160, Closures, Partitions and Panels, Flexible and Portable, appropriate subclasses for a hatch in the form of flexible and portable panels, including those of flexible material and of plural strips, slats, or panels which are interconnected for relative movement.
296, Land Vehicles, Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 37.1 for an auxiliary article compartment for a vehicle traveling on land.

Subclass: 55.54 [Patents]

With ski, pontoon, or hydrofoil providing vertical lift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the hull is provided with either (a) an elongated boardlike member having a width somewhat greater than a user s foot and a normally upturned leading edge, (b) an elongated floating member or, (c) a blade projecting into the water which creates a force against the water in a direction perpendicular to the plane approximated by the boardlike member, floating member, or blade when the vehicle is traveling through the water to raise the hull with respect to the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.15 for a sailboard having a hydrofoil.
39.24 for a sailboat having a hydrofoil.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 68+ for a water ski, per se.

Subclass: 55.55 [Patents]

And rider straddles seat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.54. Subject matter wherein the user rides the vehicle with one leg on each side of the part on which the user sits.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for a seat support for a rider of a boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 9.25 for an endless track propelled vehicle wherein the attendant straddles the seat and subclasses 190+ for a snowmobile.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses especially subclasses 845+ for a land vehicle having a runner.
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses for a seat, per se.

Subclass: 55.56 [Patents]

Having standing rider:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the user rides the vehicle while in an upright position with the user s weight supported by the user s feet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for a foot support for a rider of a boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 9.1 for an endless track propelled vehicle and subclasses 190+ for a snowmobile.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 14.2 for a runner supported land vehicle wherein the occupant stands.

Subclass: 55.57 [Patents]

Having rider straddling seat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the user rides the vehicle with one leg on each side of the part on which the user sits.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for a seat support for a rider of a boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 9.25 for an endless track propelled vehicle wherein the attendant straddles the seat and subclasses 190+ for a snowmobile.
280, Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 845+ for a land vehicle having a runner.
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses for a seat, per se.

Subclass: 55.58 [Patents]

Rider is prone or supine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Subject matter wherein the user rides the vehicle in a lying down position with either (a) the front or (b) the back of the user s body turned toward the surface it rests on.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 845+ for a land vehicle having a runner.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 74 for a surfboard.

Subclass: 56.1 [Patents]

DISPLACEMENT-TYPE HULL (e.g., specific aftbody):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, cross-section, contour, etc.) of that portion of the marine vehicle which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surface (e.g., deck) and other parts are attached (i.e., hull) is detailed, and (b) the marine vehicle when in contact with the water is at all times only supported by the volume of water moved out of its proper place by the hull.
(1) Note. In the marine vehicles classified herein, the hull or an attachment to the hull is such that as the hull moves through or across the surface of the water, a force is not generated tending to either raise the vehicle out of the water or to change the fore and aft drafts of the vehicle relative to each other.
(2) Note. In the marine vehicles classified herein, some portion of a hull extends above the surface of the water when the vehicle is in use.
(3) Note. This and the indented subclasses deal with a specific detail of the shape, cross-section, contour, etc., of the water-contacting surface of a marine vehicle hull. All of the original patents within the scope of this project have been placed in compliance with this line. However, the patents currently found in other subclasses, not included within the scope of this project, have not been checked for compliance with this line and will be screened at a later date.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.25 for a sailpowered watercraft having a specifically defined hull shape.
subclasses 65+ for the construction of the hull of a marine vehicle or of a nonhull marine vehicle component (e.g., cabin, bulkhead, decking, etc.).
subclasses 271+ for planing-type hulls or hull attachments
which alter trim or provide a dynamic lift to the marine vehicle.
subclasses 355+ for a method for constructing or making the hull of a boat or the structure of the boat hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 105-107 for air ships adapted to marine use.
440, Marine Propulsion, appropriate subclasses, for specific features involved in marine vehicle propulsion.

Subclass: 57 [Patents]

Inventions in the exterior form of vessels propelled by screw-propellers.

Subclass: 58 [Patents]

Inventions in the form of vessels propelled by wheels.

Subclass: 59 [Patents]

Vessels of spindle form having nearly circular cross-section amidships and tapering toward bow and stern.

Subclass: 60 [Patents]

Inventions relating to the form of vessels designed for canal, ferry, or tow service.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 33+ and indented subclasses.

Subclass: 61.1 [Patents]

Multiple hulls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has a plurality of distinct hulls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.26 for a sailpowered watercraft having multiple hulls.
62 for a hull having a concave bottom.

Subclass: 61.11 [Patents]

With capsize prevention or uprighting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has a mechanism (a) for inhibiting the hull from moving from a position in the water in which the hull has an upper surface horizontal to an overturned position or (b) for restoring it to a position in the water with an upper surface of the hull horizontal from a position in which the hull was overturned.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.23 for means for uprighting a sailpowered watercraft.
subclasses 121+ for ship ballasting, per se.
283 for a planing-type hull having a laterally disposed skid or pontoon.
360 for a boat with means to prevent capsizing or sinking.

Subclass: 61.12 [Patents]

Including a submerged hull (e.g., semisubmerged watercraft):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle includes a hull immersed (i.e., completely covered) in the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 121+ for ship ballasting, per se.
subclasses 244+ for a submergible towed object.
256 for a floating or semisubmersible storage vessel.
subclasses 274+ for a planing-type hull having a hydrofoil.
257 for submergible storage tanks.
283 for a planing-type hull having a laterally disposed skid or pontoon.
subclasses 312+ for submergible devices (e.g., habitats, independently propelled submergible vessels, etc.).

Subclass: 61.13 [Patents]

Vertically spaced from another submerged or semisubmerged hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.12. Subject matter wherein each immersed hull is separated from and positioned at a different water level above or below either (a) another immersed hull, or (b) another hull which has a portion below the surface of the water.
(1) Note. The submerged hull may be at the same water level as another submerged or semi-submerged hull, but must be at a different water level with respect to some other submerged or semi-submerged hull.

Subclass: 61.14 [Patents]

Having plural spaced struts connecting each submerged hull and platform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.12. Subject matter wherein each immersed hull is attached to a raised horizontal surface by a support positioned a distance apart from another support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 264+ for a floating platform having multiple support legs or a float assembly.
subclasses 274+ for a planing-type hull having a hydrofoil.

Subclass: 61.15 [Patents]

With connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein structure interconnecting one hull with another allows displacement of one hull with respect to the another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.28 for sailpowered watercraft having connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls.
123 for a ship ballasting float.
subclasses 283+ for a ship having multiple planing-type hulls and connecting means permitting relative movement between hulls.

Subclass: 61.16 [Patents]

Connecting means is pivotable arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.15. Subject matter wherein the means interconnecting one hull with another is a member which is either (a) rotatable about or (b) angularly moveable about an axis.

Subclass: 61.17 [Patents]

Arm pivots about a vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.16. Subject matter wherein the member is rotatable about or angularly moveable about a line perpendicular to a horizontal plane.

Subclass: 61.18 [Patents]

Connecting means permits transverse linear horizontal movement of hulls toward each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.15. Subject matter wherein the means interconnecting one hull with another limits movement of the hulls laterally toward or away from each other to a straight line in a plane parallel to the horizon.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for a ballasting float for a ship.
283 for a planing-type hull having a laterally disposed skid or pontoon.
subclasses 352+ for a sectional boat.

Subclass: 61.19 [Patents]

Hull pivots about a vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.15. Subject matter wherein the hull is rotatable about or angularly movable about a line perpendicular to a horizontal plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for a ballasting float for a ship.
283 for a planing-type hull having a laterally disposed skid or pontoon.
subclasses 352+ for a sectional boat.

Subclass: 61.2 [Patents]

Having a specifically defined hull shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour) of the (1) perimeter or (2) cross-section of the hull is detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.14 for a sailpowered sailboard having a specific board shape or construction.
39.25 for a sailpowered watercraft having a specific hull shape.
61.27 for a specific hull shape of a non-multiple-hull-type marine vehicle.
subclasses 271+ for a planing-type hull having a specific
shape.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclasses 300+ for watercraft hull designs.

Subclass: 61.21 [Patents]

Having lower hull portion asymmetrical with respect to a central vertical plane through that particular hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.2. Subject matter wherein the hull has a lower part at or below the surface of the water which is lopsided with respect to a flat surface perpendicular to the horizontal, the flat surface extending fore and aft and passing through the center of that hull.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.27 for a specific hull shape of a non-multiple-hull-type marine vehicle.
subclasses 271+ for a planing-type hull having a specific shape.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclasses 300+ for watercraft hull designs.

Subclass: 61.22 [Patents]

Having plural crossbeams supporting rigid deck means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein more than one transverse strut connects and sustains a stiff platform and each of the struts extends horizontally from one hull to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 343+ for a boat, per se.

Subclass: 61.23 [Patents]

Trampoline-type deck means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein a platform for supporting a user extends horizontally between hulls and is constructed from flexible material which is stretched taut.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.26 for a sailpowered watercraft having multiple hulls.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclass 304 for sailboat designs having plural hulls.

Subclass: 61.24 [Patents]

Having seat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein the marine vehicle has a structure primarily designed for supporting a user in a sitting position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
363 for a seat support for a boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses, for seats, per se.

Subclass: 61.25 [Patents]

Inflatable-type hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.1. Subject matter wherein the hull has a compartment which is capable of being filled up by a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
345 for an inflatable boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, And Aquatic Devices, subclasses 40+ for an inflatable raft.

Subclass: 61.26 [Patents]

Having specific dimensional or speed ratio (e.g., Froude number):
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect of the hull in terms of a proportion of either (a) its physical measurements (e.g., length, width at its widest point, depth taken one to another) or (b) its maximum displacement in a linear direction per unit of time taken to one of its physical measurements (e.g., square root of its maximum length), is detailed.

Subclass: 61.27 [Patents]

Having specific forebody:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour, cross-section) of a front portion (e.g., bow) of the hull is detailed.
(1) Note. The juncture between the forebody and the midbody, and between the midbody and aftbody usually occurs at a point of pronounced change of curvature of the hull as viewed in plan view.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.2 for a specifically defined hull shape of a marine vehicle having multiple displacement hulls.
subclasses 65+ for the construction of the hull of a marine vehicle or of a non-hull marine vehicle component (e.g., cabin, bulkhead, decking, etc.).
subclasses 271+ for specific details of a planing-type hull.
subclasses 290+ for a ship keel, per se.
subclasses 355+ for a method for constructing or making the hull of a boat or the structure of the boat hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclasses 300+ for designs of a watercraft or hull.

Subclass: 61.28 [Patents]

Including bulb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.27. Subject matter wherein the front portion of the hull includes a forwardly projecting bulge which contacts the water.
(1) Note. Many of the bow bulbs classified herein extend both above and below the waterline of the marine vehicle.

Subclass: 61.29 [Patents]

And specific aftbody:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.27. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour, cross-section) of a rear portion (e.g., stern) of the hull is detailed.

Subclass: 61.3 [Patents]

And specific midbody (e.g., waist):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.29. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour, cross-section) of a middle portion (i.e., that portion of the hull extending between the front portion and rear portion) of the hull is detailed.
(1) Note. The juncture between the forebody and the midbody, and between the midbody and aftbody usually occurs at a point of pronounced change of curvature of the hull as viewed in plan view.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.31 for a non-multiple-hull marine vehicle having a specific midbody detailed.

Subclass: 61.31 [Patents]

Having specific midbody (e.g., waist):
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour, cross-section) of a middle portion (i.e., that portion of the hull extending between the front portion and rear portion) of
the hull is detailed.
(1) Note. The juncture between the forebody and the midbody, and between the midbody and aftbody usually occurs at a point of pronounced change of curvature of the hull as viewed in plan view.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.2 for a specifically defined hull shape of a marine vehicle having multiple displacement hulls.
61.3 for a nonmultiple hull marine vehicle having a specific forebody, midbody and aftbody.
subclasses 65+ for the construction of the hull of a marine vehicle or of a nonhull marine vehicle component (e.g., cabin, bulkhead, decking, etc.).
subclasses 271+ for specific details of a planing-type hull.
subclasses 290+ for a ship keel, per se.
subclasses 355+ for a method for constructing or making the hull of a boat, or the structure of the boat hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclasses 300+ for designs of a watercraft or hull.

Subclass: 61.32 [Patents]

Having specific bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect (e.g., shape, contour, cross-section) of that part of the hull which is below the waterline from bilge to bilge is detailed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.2 for a specifically defined hull shape of a marine vehicle having multiple displacement hulls.
subclasses 65+ for the construction of the hull of a marine vehicle or of a nonhull marine vehicle component (e.g., cabin, bulkhead, decking, etc.).
subclasses 271+ for specific details of a planing-type hull.
subclasses 290+ for a ship keel, per se.
subclasses 355+ for a method for constructing or making the hull of a boat or the structure of the boat hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
D12, Transportation, subclasses 300+ for designs of a watercraft or hull.

Subclass: 61.33 [Patents]

V-shaped bottom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.32. Subject matter wherein that part of the hull which is below the waterline from bilge to bilge has a transverse cross-section configuration of V-shape.

Subclass: 62 [Patents]

Forms of hull presenting a more or less concave surface to the water from bilge to bilge, bilges to keel, or longitudinally.

Subclass: 63 [Patents]

Inventions in ship's forms in which flat bottoms are used with or without keels or in which the bottom is nearly flat or horizontal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 and indented subclasses for flat bottom scows.

Subclass: 65 [Patents]

Inventions relating to the construction of vessels except warships or submarine types and not otherwise classifiable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 and indented subclasses for inventions in external form or water-resistance surface.
subclasses 343+ for small boats.

Subclass: 66 [Patents]

Boats having glass bottoms or windows for the purpose of viewing marine life and scenery.

Subclass: 67 [Patents]

Devices providing means for diminishing the resistance between the water and the vessel when moving through the water and effective in increasing the speed. The present types comprise friction-roller surfaces, conveyers, and air-distributing means or attachments to produce a better cutting edge.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 and 233, for devices for distributing oils or liquids between the ship's skin and the water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 38+ and indented subclasses for vessels having means to expel air or water about the surface of the submerged hull with sufficient effect and force to propel the vessel.

Subclass: 68 [Patents]

Vessels provided with means for preventing a vessel from sinking, involving sufficient bulkheads or compartments to keep it afloat or providing impenetrable or puncture-proof skins or sides with or without linings or fillings of waterproof or leak stopping character.

Subclass: 69 [Patents]

Vessels of insubmergible or nonsinkable type having linings or fillings in the sheathing that through yielding surfaces, waterproof, or leak stopping qualities prevent the admission of water.

Subclass: 70 [Patents]

Vessels designed and constructed for the above service and including those carrying trains and cars.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for form of boats.

Subclass: 71 [Patents]

Inventions relating to vessels having cabin structures or means for supporting them.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
189 for separate structures.

Subclass: 72 [Patents]

Vessels designed for carrying, securing, and preserving freight or cargo.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26 and 70.
subclasses 258+ for vessels designed to accommodate watercraft or aircraft

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, appropriate subclass, the freight carrier possibly being a ship; see indented subclass(es) 52+ for accommodation of a load bearer (e.g., a container or pallet) thereon board.

Subclass: 73 [Patents]

Vessels constructed to carry cargo in bulk, as ore, grain, coat, etc., whether of the hopper type or otherwise.

Subclass: 74 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Bulk cargo freighter vessels, constructed to carry liquid or gaseous fluids. Waterborne tanks which are tight and not obviously unseaworthy are included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for marine storage tanks not adapted for towing or other transportation movement. Examples of structure considered to be excluded from subclass 74 under this note are: (1) exterior form not tanker or boat-like; (2) obviously unseaworthy, as entirely open bottom; (3) free interchange between contents between contents of tank and ambient buoying liquid.

Subclass: 75 [Patents]

Inventions relating to means for keeping the cargo from moving about during the movements of the vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, appropriate subclass for accommodation of lading on a freight carrier, which could be a ship; see indented subclasses 52+, particularly for inventions in means in engagement between the freight carrier and a load bearer (e.g., container) to inhibit shifting during transit, particularly indented subclasses 70+ for securingly retaining the load bearer on the freight carrier under such condition.

Subclass: 76 [Patents]

Devices for sustaining and covering cargoes, preventing access of water or moisture, etc.

Subclass: 77 [Patents]

Composite vessels constructed of a plurality of independent parts structurally united or decked to form a single vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 352+ for sectional boats.

Subclass: 78 [Patents]

Vessels having bulkheads or compartments as elements of combinations.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 116+ for bulkheads, per se, and doors.

Subclass: 79 [Patents]

Various types of construction for iron vessels or in which iron or metal is an essential element of the hull structure.

Subclass: 80 [Patents]

Ships in which corrugated iron is used.

Subclass: 81 [Patents]

Ships in which iron tubes are used in construction.

Subclass: 82 [Patents]

Vessels in which wood is the principal material used in construction.

Subclass: 83 [Patents]

Means for bracing, staying, trussing, etc., the timbers, frames, sheathing, and decks of vessels.

Subclass: 84 [Patents]

Various means and methods of constructing the sides of vessels, involving the use of planks or sheaths or placing additional sheaths or linings thereon or therein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11 and indented subclasses for metal or armor belts or sheaths.

Subclass: 85 [Patents]

Methods and means for constructing vessels' decks or relating thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for process and apparatus for making similar walkway and deck-like structure.

Subclass: 86 [Patents]

Methods and means for filling or closing the seams between planking, etc., and making them watertight.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
224 for tools, implements, and machines for putting in the calking material and paying or puttying seams.

Subclass: 87 [Patents]

Braces or knees used in shipbuilding.

Subclass: 88 [Patents]

Specific means or devices for uniting timbers, plates, frames, seats, and thwarts, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints of general utility.

Subclass: 89 [Patents]

Inventions in ships' spars, as masts, yards, booms, gaffs, etc., their attachments, connections, and manner of mounting, raising, and securing them.

Subclass: 90 [Patents]

Inventions in masts, their material, form, construction, and position, and means for securing them.

Subclass: 91 [Patents]

Devices for pivoting masts, adapting them to be turned down, up, around at will, or automatically.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for swinging masts, and 143 for swinging masts with rocking keels.

Subclass: 92 [Patents]

Inventions in the above-mentioned devices or their equivalents, trestle-trees being defined as fore-and-aft pieces secured on each side of a mast or resting on the hounds to support the rigging, cross-trees, etc. Cross-trees are athwartships timbers supported by bibs and trestle-trees to sustain top frames or extend topgallant shrouds.

Subclass: 93 [Patents]

Devices for protecting a mast or the deck through which it passes, rendering the joint impervious to water, and devices or means for securing the heel or foot of the mast to the ship's timbers, keel, or keelson, etc., and fastening it in place.

Subclass: 94 [Patents]

Caps and trucks or structure of the upper end or head of the mast and the various types of metal bands or irons, etc., that are secured to masts not otherwise classifiable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for "irons".

Subclass: 95 [Patents]

Inventions in the horizontally-disposed spars extending athwartships to which the sails of square-rigged vessels are
secured, as courses, topsails, topgallant, and royal sails.

Subclass: 96 [Patents]

Devices for hanging, supporting, or securing the yards of vessels, trusses usually being of iron, to which the lower yard is pivoted or secured, and parrels being hoops, rings, or chains encircling the mast and secured to the yards.

Subclass: 97 [Patents]

All ship-spars except masts and yards (separately classified) and their connections to masts or yards.

Subclass: 98 [Patents]

Gaffs, booms, etc., which are pivoted or the means or devices for pivoting them to the masts or other supports.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19

Subclass: 99 [Patents]

Devices for supporting booms, usually a support having a crotch in its upper end in which the boom rests.

Subclass: 100 [Patents]

Bands or irons of various types which are attached or secured to yards, booms, gaffs, etc., and which are not classifiable in subclasses 94, 96, 98, 101, 112, and 218.

Subclass: 101 [Patents]

Devices to secure the free running of ropes, cables, etc., adapted to be secured to spars or ship-timbers or structurally a part of spars or attached to tops, cross-trees, decks, pinrails, etc.

Subclass: 102.1 [Patents]

SAIL OR CONTROL MEANS THEREFOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having (a) an extent of material by which wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water or (b) apparatus for manipulating the extent of material with respect to other marine vehicle structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.11 for a sailboard hun and rig means to provide navigation and propulsion thereof.
39.12 for a sailboard hun and rig means to provide navigation and propulsion thereof.
39.21 for a marine vehicle hull and means to propel the hull by sailpower.
39.29 for a marine vehicle hull in combination with specific sail structure.

Subclass: 102.11 [Patents]

Sail assembly freely held by rider:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein both the extent of material by which wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water and the apparatus for manipulating the extent of material are supported with respect to the vehicle solely by the user.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.16 for an apparatus held by or attached to a rider to control a sailboard or a sailboard rig.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 16+ for glider-type aircraft, subclasses 153+ for kites, and subclass 902 for parachute-type wings.
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 810 for a wind sail for propelling or braking a skier or skater.

Subclass: 102.12 [Patents]

Having means to tension or stretch sail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter having apparatus to either (a) pull on, or (b) apply stress to the extent of material by which wind is used to
propel the marine vehicle through the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.29 for a marine vehicle hull in combination with specific sail structure.

Subclass: 102.13 [Patents]

Having airflow control device for sail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein structure is provided to (a) direct a portion of the wind before, or (b) redirect a portion of the wind after it has contacted the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water from the wind s normal path to enhance the wind's affect on the extent of material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.29 for a marine vehicle hull in combination with specific sail structure.
102.16 for means to orient the sail with respect to the marine vehicle.
102.22 for means to vary the shape or camber of the sail.

Subclass: 102.14 [Patents]

Fairing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.13. Subject matter wherein the structure provided to direct or redirect a portion of the wind is a member or formation the primary purpose of which is to produce an aerodynamic leading edge to the extent of material for propelling the marine vehicle through the water.

Subclass: 102.15 [Patents]

Having means to stow, load, or unload sail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein apparatus is provided to facilitate either (a) storage of the extent of material, or (b) connection of the extent of material to in-use supporting structure, or (c) removal of the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water from its in-use supporting structure.
(1) Note. Many of the patents found herein provide apparatus for shifting the sail from its use position where it is connected to and supported by a mast, spar, or cable (i.e., stay) to a compartment for non-use storage or from such a compartment to its connected and supported use position.

Subclass: 102.16 [Patents]

Including means to orient sail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein there is a mechanism to adjust the alignment of a straight line (i.e., chord line) joining trailing and leading edges of the extent of material with respect to the marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.13 for airflow control means for a sail.
102.22 for means to vary the shape of a sail.

Subclass: 102.17 [Patents]

Having gearing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.16. Subject matter wherein the mechanism used to adjust the alignment of the straight line (i.e., chord line) connecting the leading and trailing edges of the extent of material includes a system having (a) a toothed (1) wheel, (2) cylinder, or (3) other machine element, that meshes with (b) another toothed (1) wheel, (2) cylinder, or (3) machine element to transmit motion, or to change speed or direction of the mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Elements, appropriate subclasses, for power transmission mechanisms involving gearing, per se.

Subclass: 102.18 [Patents]

Having rope or line (e.g., sheet):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.16. Subject matter wherein the mechanism includes a flaccid, elongated element which can transmit force only when under tension.

Subclass: 102.19 [Patents]

And traveler:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.18. Subject matter wherein the mechanism has (a) an apparatus fixed with respect to a hull of the marine vehicle and (b) an element slidably connected to the apparatus for movement therealong, (c) the slidable element being operatively connected to the extent of material through the flaccid, elongated element for adjusting its alignment.
(1) Note. Many of the patents found herein have the fixed apparatus fastened transversely to the deck aft of a fore-and-aft sail with the slidable element operatively connected to the sail, and the slidable element moved along the fixed apparatus by the user of the marine vehicle.
(2) Note. Many of the patents found herein have a means for selectively fixing the position of the slidable element with respect to the fixed apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 204+ for travelers, per se.

Subclass: 102.2 [Patents]

And winch (e.g., capstan, driven pulley, windlass, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.18. Subject matter wherein the mechanism has (a) a rotatable drum which is caused to turn about its axis of rotation by a source of power, (b) the flaccid, elongated element being wound around the drum and (c) the drum applying a tensioning force to the flaccid, elongated element.
(1) Note. The winch may be of the line accumulating type or of the line traction type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses, for winches and winching arrangements, per se.

Subclass: 102.21 [Patents]

And sheave or pulley:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.18. Subject
matter also including an element having a generally circular perimeter which (a) engages the flaccid, elongated element and (b) is freely (i.e., nonpowered) rotatable about an axis through its center in response to movement of the flaccid, elongated element over its perimeter.

Subclass: 102.22 [Patents]

Having means to vary shape of sail (e.g., camber):
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter having structure to change the surface contour (e.g., curvature) of the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.29 for a marine vehicle hull in combination with specific sail structure.
102.13 for airflow control means for a sail.
102.16 for means to orient the sail with respect to the marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, appropriate subclasses, for means to vary the shape of an airfoil for aircraft.

Subclass: 102.23 [Patents]

Inflatable-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.22. Subject matter wherein the extent of material has a compartment which is capable of being filled up by a gas.

Subclass: 102.24 [Patents]

Batten:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.22. Subject matter wherein the structure to change the surface contour is a strip of flexible material extending from a trailing edge toward a leading edge of the extent of material for rigidifying a portion thereof.
(1) Note. Many of the patents have the battens received in pockets which extend from the trailing edge toward the leading edge of the extent of material.

Subclass: 102.25 [Patents]

Having separate adjustment means for batten:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.24. Subject matter wherein the strip of flexible material has a mechanism which acts on it to permit the strip s effect on the extent of material to be varied.

Subclass: 102.26 [Patents]

For plural battens in a horizontal plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.25. Subject matter provided with an additional strip of flexible material, extending from a trailing edge toward a leading edge of the extent of material for rigidifying a portion thereof, which is disposed at a common vertical level with respect to the horizon.

Subclass: 102.27 [Patents]

Having specific construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.24. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect of the strip of flexible material is detailed.

Subclass: 102.28 [Patents]

Spinnaker pole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein (a) a long, slender element (e.g., boom, spar) is detailed which is connectable (1) at one of its ends to a mast, and (2) at its opposite end supports one corner of a triangular extent of material for propelling the marine vehicle through the water, (b) the extent of material having (1) an apex, (2) a base, (3) two equal length sides and (4) supported only at its corners and apex (i.e., spinnaker).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 89+ for masts or spars, per se.

Subclass: 102.29 [Patents]

Specific sail structure or arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.1. Subject matter wherein a particular structural aspect or configuration of the extent of material by which the wind is used to propel the marine vehicle through the water is detailed.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses deal with a specific detail of the structure or configuration of a marine vehicle sail.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39.29 for a marine vehicle hull in combination with specific sail structure.
subclasses 104+ for a specific sail arrangement and reefing or furling of the sail.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles, Weaving, appropriate subclasses, for weaving of fabric material, and woven fabrics, per se.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses, for manufacturing processes and apparatus including a step of adhesively bonding parts together.
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 142+, for a parachute and subclass 145 for parachute canopy construction.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for stock material composites, per se.

Subclass: 102.3 [Patents]

Spinnaker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material is triangular in shape having (a) an apex, (b) a base, (c) two equal length sides, and (d) is supported only at its two corners and apex.
(1) Note. Many of the spinnaker sails classified herein have the apex connected to the mast and the other corners supported by a spar or boom connected to the mast.

Subclass: 102.31 [Patents]

Of laminate or composite construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material is fabricated either from (a) a plurality of layers bonded together one over the other, or (b) a layer of material having a plurality of flexible pliant elements which run along stress lines of the extent of material in an unwoven manner (i.e., on a surface of the fabric, in addition to the normal fabric threads).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles, Weaving, appropriate subclasses, for weaving of fabric material, and woven fabrics, per se.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufactur e, appropriate subclasses, for manufacturing processes and apparatus including a step of adhesively bonding parts together.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for stock material composites, per se.

Subclass: 102.32 [Patents]

Constructed from a plurality of connected panels movable relative to each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material is fabricated from a number of sections, each section being connected to and shiftable one with respect to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.33 for a sail constructed from a plurality of edge connected panels fixedly connected to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles, Weaving, appropriate subclasses, for weaving of fabric material, and woven fabrics, per se.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufactur e, appropriate subclasses, for manufacturing processes and apparatus including a step of adhesively bonding parts together.

Subclass: 102.33 [Patents]

Constructed from a plurality edge connected panels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102.29. Subject matter wherein the extent of material is fabricated from a number of sections, each section being connected to and shiftable one with respect to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102.32 for a sail constructed from a plurality of panels connected to and moveable relative to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
139, Textiles, Weaving, appropriate subclasses, for weaving of fabric material, and woven fabrics, per se.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufactur e, appropriate subclasses, for manufacturing processes and apparatus including a step of adhesively bonding parts together.

Subclass: 104 [Patents]

Inventions for taking in or shortening sail.

Subclass: 105 [Patents]

Means and methods of reefing and furling those sails which are set normally in a fore-and-aft line, as jibs, stay-sails, spankers, and sails of the sloop or schooner rig types.

Subclass: 106 [Patents]

Devices for shortening fore-and-aft sails by rolling them upon rollers, said rollers being the booms, gaffs, etc., or rollers attached thereto or to stays, etc.

Subclass: 107 [Patents]

Devices for shortening the sails of other than fore-and-aft types on rollers, the rollers being the yards or attached thereto or to the masts.

Subclass: 108 [Patents]

Mechanical devices, usually metallic, by means of which sails
are secured to their support, these devices usually being secured to the sail, and which are not classifiable in subclasses 112, 113, 114, and 115.

Subclass: 109 [Patents]

Means for tightening up or shortening shrouds or other standing rigging and permanently placed, the turning of screw producing greater tension between the ends of shrouds, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for portable rigging-screws.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 199+ for portable implements or apparatus for tensioning flexible material from which the implements or apparatus are detached after the material is tensioned.

Subclass: 111 [Patents]

Means for making or setting sails, hoisting means, or relating thereto.

Subclass: 112 [Patents]

Devices by which the hoops or sail-fasteners are made to travel up and down on masts and longitudinally on yards or spars when the sails are being set or furled, etc., the sail-fastening device having an element movable in a guide, slot, or iron attached to or structurally a part of the mast or spar. This subclass includes all travelers attached to spars or which are not secured to the rail or deck.

Subclass: 113 [Patents]

The title is self-explanatory, the connections usually being a part of the hoop rather than a sail-fastener, the latter forming a part of or secured to the sail or its bolt-rope.

Subclass: 114 [Patents]

Eyes, loops, grommets, etc., or their metal equivalents worked in or secured to the sides or leaches of sails at the bolt- ropes, the eye or loop adapted to receive the hook of a
tackle or equivalent or to sail-fastening devices secured to jibs and stay-sails or fore-and-aft sails and having a plurality of loops, one for the stay, another for the bolt-rope of sails, and which are usually in the same plane and adapted to secure the free running of the sail on its stay or support.

Subclass: 115 [Patents]

So-called "spectacle" or other irons or devices secured to the lower corners of sails to which the sheets are attached. The spectacle-iron or iron clew is usually formed with three eyes, to which the leach-rope, the foot-rope of the sail, and the sheet or sheet-block are attached.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, subclass 210 for eye forming thimbles on the end of a rope or cable.

Subclass: 116 [Patents]

Inventions in bulkheads usually adapted to form watertight compartments of vessels.

Subclass: 117 [Patents]

Bulkheads provided with doors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 124.
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for closures of the type provided for and see the search notes in section IV of Class 49 for the loci of closures in other classes.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclasses 58+.
144, Woodworking, subclass 271 for a wood bending steamer.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for doors or flexible material and doors made of plural strips, slats or panels interconnected for relative motion.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible chamber devices, per se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 310+.

Subclass: 118 [Patents]

Doors of bulkheads adapted for self-closure or in which the closing is automatic, as on the entry of water to a certain height, the doors being closed by swinging or rotating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclasses 10+ for a stream spanning closure responsive to the amount or velocity of water in the stream and subclasses 21+ for a closure released for movement or directly actuated by an ambient fluid, e.g., rain or snow.

Subclass: 119 [Patents]

Automatic closing doors of the bulkheads, said doors being sliding.

Subclass: 120 [Patents]

Bulkhead-doors which close by sliding.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclasses 404+ for a closure mounted for sliding movement.

Subclass: 121 [Patents]

Devices designed to steady and trim vessels, prevent careening, rolling, pitching, etc.

Subclass: 122 [Patents]

Means to prevent the rolling, pitching, etc., due to wave motion.

Subclass: 123 [Patents]

Means providing buoyant floats, caissons, etc., secured to
the vessel and floating alongside, preventing careening, capsizing, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for combinations with boats, spars, sails, etc.

Subclass: 124 [Patents]

Devices in which weights are adapted to move about or to be moved to distribute the weight and change the position of the center of gravity to steady, trim, or ballast a vessel when sailing or in a seaway.

Subclass: 125 [Patents]

Devices in which ballasting is secured by watertanks adapted to be filled or emptied, thereby distributing weight, which steadies and trims the vessel in sailing, etc.

Subclass: 126 [Patents]

Ballasting devices in which lee or weather boards or fins, plated, blades, etc., are adapted to project from the vessel's sides or keel laterally, obliquely, or horizontally to form a resistance-surface to prevent careening or capsizing and to enable a vessel to point or sail closer to the wind and prevent making leeway.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
135 and 142, for center-boards, lateral, which partake of the nature of fins and leeboards, though used as centerboards or keels; and 152 for diving-fins.

Subclass: 127 [Patents]

Vessels having boards, plates, planks, etc., placed longitudinally amidships and projecting in line with the keel or approximate thereto and adapted to be raised or lowered to increase the resistance-surface and prevent capsizing or sudden careening, thereby steadying and trimming the vessel, usually preventing making to leeward, and enabling a vessel to point or sail closer to the wind. Centerboards are usually short in length and move in a recess or casing formed in the bottom of the vessel and raised, lowered, or adjusted at will.

Subclass: 128 [Patents]

Centerboards adapted to be turned more or less obliquely or athwartships and capable or adapted to be used for steering. The devices of this type are centerboards in that they are adapted to be lowered as centerboards and serve the purpose of such or are too long to be considered as mere rudders.
(1) Note. Subclass 149, this class, is limited to rudders placed upon or in line with the keel and not adapted to be raised or lowered as centerboards, or the invention relates to the means for steering rather than to the principles of centerboards.

Subclass: 129 [Patents]

Devices in which more than one centerboard is used and in line with the keel longitudinally.

Subclass: 130 [Patents]

Devices in which the centerboard is adapted to be lowered vertically and then swung down to greater depth at will or tilted or turned transversely athwartships.

Subclass: 131 [Patents]

Centerboards of vertical drop and swing type and made of a plurality of movable parts.

Subclass: 132 [Patents]

Centerboards pivoted at or near one end, adapted to swing down to greater or less depth, and adjustable at will.

Subclass: 133 [Patents]

Pivoted centerboards composed of a plurality of separate parts usually movable or pivotally connected.

Subclass: 134 [Patents]

Folding sectional boards in which the parts fold together fan-like and having a common pivot on which the sections
turn.

Subclass: 135 [Patents]

Centerboards displaced laterally from the keel and not in line therewith.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126

Subclass: 136 [Patents]

Centerboards adapted to be swung obliguely across the line of the keel, but not primarily for steering.

Subclass: 137 [Patents]

Centerboards that are adapted to tilt horizontally or obliquely up or down against the keel, being usually hinged at or in line therewith.

Subclass: 138 [Patents]

Centerboards that are adapted to be raised or lowered vertically, both ends being adjustable at will either separately or simultaneously, and in most cases the centerboard is moved as a whole and not merely one end.

Subclass: 139 [Patents]

Centerboards adapted to be moved vertically and composed of a plurality of movable parts.

Subclass: 140 [Patents]

Keels and their structure and means and methods of securing them, whether fixed or movable.
(1) Note. Keels differ from centerboards in being longer, being usually the length of the boat, or being, when short, immovably fixed to the hull.

Subclass: 141 [Patents]

Keel structures which are adapted to be moved vertically as a whole and which extend from bow to stern and not merely centerboards.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 131, 138, and 139, for centerboards.

Subclass: 142 [Patents]

Keels laterally displaced from the true keel--i.e., located upon the sides or bilge of the vessel's bottom.

Subclass: 143 [Patents]

Keel structures that are adapted to rock or swing upon pivots laterally or longitudinally and which are keels rather than centerboards.

Subclass: 144 [Patents]

Devices for changing the direction or speed of a vessel's motion by means of rudders, brakes, speed-retarders, and the like.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21 and 23+, for torpedoes with steering control means.
162 for tillers.
209 for drag anchors for speed-retarding and steering.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses under Mechanical Movements.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for expansible chamber motors for operating steering mechanism.
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 6.2 for a motor vehicle which is steered by creating a difference between the driving effort developed by one or more traction elements located on one side of the vehicle and the driving effort developed by one or more traction elements located on the other side thereof; and subclasses 79+ for a motor vehicle having means for guiding it.
244, Aeronautics, subclasses 75+ for apparatus and devices for controlling aircraft. Subclasses 76+ is the generic subclass for the automatic steering of mobile craft in two and three dimensions. See subclass 175 and the classes specified in the notes thereto for the classes which provide for electrically controlled or actuated apparatus for controlling the motion and/or steering of mobile devices and for a statement as to the line between the classes.
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 263+ and 771+ for occupant steered vehicles.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric motor systems which might be used to steer a vessel particularly subclasses 580+ and 648+ for automatic control of electric motors in response to direction, inclination or angular position.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 12, 13+, 21+, 40+, 53+, 90+, and 95+ for various types of steering-gear involved in and combined with propelling devices.

Subclass: 145 [Patents]

Brakes or devices for retarding a ship's motion through the water and also adapted for steering when used separately, usually rudders or projecting plates attached to the vessel's sides.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for checking headway by drags.

Subclass: 146 [Patents]

Inventions in steering apparatus having a plurality of devices for operating the rudder or steering means, one auxiliary to the other for simultaneous use, or as an aid to that in general use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for multiple rudders, and 164 for auxiliary rudders.

Subclass: 147 [Patents]

Devices in which paddle-wheels or screw-propellers, etc., are used to effect a change of direction, such devices being used for steering and not primarily for propulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 53+ and 90+ for combined steering and propelling screws or wheels.

Subclass: 148 [Patents]

Wheels or propellers placed in channels or waterways formed in the ship's side or hull to effect changes in direction by propulsion, the wheels or propellers located in the channels setting in motion a column of water or jet which be reaction changes direction of course.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
151 for steering devices in which a mere jet is used without the use of wheels, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 40+ for combinations of propulsion and steering wheels in channels, subclasses 53+ and 90+ for screws or wheels in channels or waterways.

Subclass: 149 [Patents]

Rudders or equivalent which are located upon or below the keel and partaking of the nature of centerboards and adapted to be turned across the keel, but not adjustable vertically.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 and 129.

Subclass: 150 [Patents]

Steering mechanism in which fluid-pressure is used to control the rudder, tiller, or steering wheel, etc., or to react upon the water through which the vessel moves. It includes all pneumatic, steam, and hydraulic means specific to ships and their structure and not so claimed as to be of general application in steam steering.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for devices in which either hand or fluid pressure steering powers are used independently or simultaneously or for means for coupling one to the other.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for expansible chamber motors for operating steering mechanism.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible chamber motors for operating steering mechanism.

Subclass: 151 [Patents]

Devices in which a jet of fluid, usually water, is thrown out approximately athwartships or obliquely to the keel at bow or stern, turning a vessel by the reaction due to jet propulsion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclasses 221+ for reaction motors which obtain a thrust by the ejection of water and having means to eject water in a plurality of directions to obtain a resultant variation in thrust direction, and subclasses 228+ for reaction motors which eject fluids other than water and are provided with thrust direction modifying means.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 127.1, 265.23 and 265.33+ for a reaction motor discharge nozzle whose direction of stream discharge may be varied for steering a vehicle with which it may be associated.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 40+ for combined propulsion and steering jets.

Subclass: 152 [Patents]

Structures located at ships' ends designed to effect diving, or similar devices at the sides of vessels, any of which may be used for steering, but which are not rudders in the ordinary means, their action and position being similar to those of the fins of fishes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for ballasting-fins.

Subclass: 153 [Patents]

Means for steering operated by the foot or feet.

Subclass: 154 [Patents]

Combinations of the ordinary steering wheel or equivalent and its shaft with gears for operating the rudder, but not involving a wheel and drum.

Subclass: 155 [Patents]

Wheel-shaft gearing in which screws or worms are used. This subclass also includes multiple screw devices in which a plurality of screws or worms is used, provided one of them is upon the wheel-shaft and said shaft turns another through intermediate gear, all screws being of the same type.

Subclass: 156 [Patents]

Screw-shaft gearing in which other gears are placed between the steering wheel shaft and the screws or worms. In the miscellaneous subclass above (155) the screw or worm is located upon the wheel-shaft.

Subclass: 157 [Patents]

Wheel-shaft gearing involving right and left screws or worms operating the rudder, one or both of the screws being upon the wheel-shaft.

Subclass: 158 [Patents]

Steering mechanisms of the above mentioned type in which other gearing is placed between the wheel-shaft and the screws or worms, which are geared to control the rudder.

Subclass: 159 [Patents]

Wheel-shaft gearing operating a rack of segmental shape or equivalent located upon the rudderhead and turning therewith.

Subclass: 160 [Patents]

Steering mechanism comprising a wheel and a drum, upon which the steering ropes or chains are wound.

Subclass: 161 [Patents]

Wheel and drum steering means in which gears or mechanical elements are placed between the wheel or axle and the drum.

Subclass: 162 [Patents]

Miscellaneous forms of rudders, not otherwise classifiable; also includes "tillers".

Subclass: 163 [Patents]

Steering mechanisms in which a plurality of rudders is used.

Subclass: 164 [Patents]

Rudders of permanent nature brought into use upon loss of the usual rudder. They are movable into position, but are not portable, as are jury rudders.

Subclass: 165 [Patents]

Means for pivoting, securing, or supporting the rudder or its post in the bearings in combination with stern or stem posts, keel, or keelson, and devices for shipping or unshipping the rudder from its hanging or support.

Subclass: 166 [Patents]

Rudders of tubular shape through which the propeller forces a jet or through which water reacts to move the stern.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 53+ and 76+.

Subclass: 167 [Patents]

Rudders composed of a plurality of rudders, parts, extensions, or blades designed to increase resistance-surface.

Subclass: 168 [Patents]

Portable and temporary devices designed to serve as a steering means when the usual rudders have been lost or rendered inoperative.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209 for drag-anchors.

Subclass: 169 [Patents]

The title is self-explanatory.

Subclass: 170 [Patents]

Devices for relieving strain on the helmsman or rudder, adapted to yield gradually to the force of the waves, thereby preventing the breaking of the rudder or its connections.

Subclass: 171 [Patents]

Brakes in which tension is relieved through fluid resistance, the fluid being compressed or retarded in its flow.

Subclass: 172 [Patents]

Devices for securing the steering mechanism or rudder in fixed position, and controllable at will.

Subclass: 173 [Patents]

Devices including openings through ships' sides or decks not otherwise classifiable, and stoppers, shutters, and shields for closing the same.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for closures of the type provided for and see the search notes in section IV of Class 49 for the loci of closures in other classes.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for closures of flexible material and closures made of plural strips, slats or panels interconnected for relative motion.

Subclass: 174 [Patents]

Covers, doors, etc., for closing ports, differing from the covers of the light and air ports principally in the use to which said port is adapted and being generally larger and of rectangular construction, while the light and air ports are usually circular.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 124.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 58 and indented subclasses.
144, Woodworking, subclass 271 for a wood bending steamer.
404, Road Structure, Process and Apparatus subclasses 25+ for pavement with a vault cover-closure.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 310+.

Subclass: 175 [Patents]

Port-stoppers specially adapted for ports through which the gun is pointed, the stoppers fitting the muzzle of the gun or forming a shield or protector.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
238

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 5 for stoppers for submarine ordnance, and subclass 36.14 for protectors that close the port, but are structurally a part of the gun-mount.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclass 58.5 for other gun ports not for ships and not involving a combination with the gun or gun mount.

Subclass: 176 [Patents]

Port-stoppers in which the cover or stopper is hinged or pivoted in or to the port.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for hinged gunport stoppers and shields, and 178 for hinged covers for light and air ports.

Subclass: 177 [Patents]

Ports, usually of circular shape, designed to secure light and air, and smaller than cargo or gun ports.

Subclass: 178 [Patents]

Light and air ports provided with hinged, pivoted, or swinging covers for closing the same, usually forming air and water tight joints when closed.

Subclass: 179 [Patents]

Devices involving openings or passages in a vessel's bow or stern or sides to permit cables or hawsers to run through.

Subclass: 180 [Patents]

Hawse-pipes having means of closure.

Subclass: 181 [Patents]

Hawse-holes having friction rollers or pulleys to facilitate the running out or heaving in of the cable.

Subclass: 182 [Patents]

Devices involving passages or holes from the decks through the ship's side to permit water accumulating on the decks to run out.

Subclass: 183 [Patents]

Devices for expelling bilgewater, ash, or refuse from a ship's bilge or hold, including ejectors or other devices operated by the movement of the vessel in the water, or specific to ship use or structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, subclass 29 and 30 for oscillating weight motors which may be operated by a rolling vessel.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for a fluid current conveyor which expels material from a ship's bilge by water, steam injection, etc., where no ship structure is recited.
417, Pumps, subclass 328 for pumps operated by weights which are caused to oscillate by the rolling of a vessel, and subclass 334 for pumps operated by fluid current motors of the type which may be attached to or towed by a moving vessel.

Subclass: 184 [Patents]

Devices for entraining water or ashes, etc., by the motion of the ship through the water, water being injected to entrain the former or by suction produced by shape of discharge orifice or its position in the bottom of the vessel.

Subclass: 185 [Patents]

Ejectors which take in water forward or acting by suction due to the shape of the discharge orifice or its position, either type being operative only when the ship is moving through the water or when a current is flowing and the vessel is stationary.

Subclass: 186 [Patents]

Ejectors including hoppers or other means for dumping and expelling ashes through water or steam injection, etc.

Subclass: 187 [Patents]

Steamboat stacks or chimneys specially adapted to use on vessels, mostly swinging or telescopic in structure and having no application elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
110, Furnaces, subclass 184.

Subclass: 188 [Patents]

Furniture and furnishings of ships not classifiable elsewhere because of special fitness to use on ships.

Subclass: 189 [Patents]

Devices or arrangements of cabins and state-rooms to secure light, ventilation, comfort, and economy of space and usually separate structures rather than permanent structures in shipbuilding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 for permanent structures in shipbuilding.

Subclass: 190 [Patents]

Devices for holding or supporting life preservers on vessels and specific thereto.

Subclass: 191 [Patents]

Furniture that is specific to use on ships, automatic in operation, maintaining a level surface during rolling and tossing of the vessel.

Subclass: 192 [Patents]

Berths providing for single or double swing, etc., during the rolling and pitching of the vessel, maintaining a level surface, and devices to steady berths during the rise and fall of the vessel.

Subclass: 193 [Patents]

Berths suspended from a universal joint or single pivot, providing for berth equilibrium during the motions of the vessel.

Subclass: 194 [Patents]

Chairs automatically maintaining a level seat or rest during motions of the vessel in the water.

Subclass: 195 [Patents]

Tables having automatic leveling tops or equivalent devices
securing the same end.

Subclass: 197 [Patents]

Plugs having valves therein adapted to fit in the bottom of a boat and permit the emergence of water.

Subclass: 198 [Patents]

Devices permitting the entrance of seawater from outside to the hold, magazine, etc., or for submerging the ship and usually placed in the bottom or between double bottoms and structurally united therewith.

Subclass: 199 [Patents]

Devices of the nature of compressors or controllers which have means to check or stop the cable from running out and to hold it securely at any point. Cable is used generically and includes hawsers,(towlines, ropes, etc. These devices are controllable at will).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses, and 254, Pushing and Pulling Implements, subclass 150, and indented subclasses for analogous devices, or rope-clamps combined with hoisting apparatus.

Subclass: 200 [Patents]

Cable-stoppers structurally adapted for use on chain cables and not upon rope or wire.

Subclass: 201 [Patents]

Inventions in deck hatches involving structure of hatches or deck openings and covers thereto and devices for fastening or locking said covers down.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, appropriate subclasses for closures of the type provided for.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for hatches in the form of flexible and portable panels,
including hatches of flexible material and of plural strips, slats and panels which are interconnected for relative movement. These patents may include so much of the mounting means as is necessary to support the hatch and may include the operating means for such hatch.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle, subclasses 336+ for means for closing an opening for an elevator shaft through a building's floor.

Subclass: 202 [Patents]

Sliding covers and gratings involving more than sliding doors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclasses 404+ for sliding doors of the type provided for.

Subclass: 203 [Patents]

Hatches combined with means for battening, securing or locking them in place.
(1) Note. For hatch-fastening clamps per se, search must be made in Class 292, Closure Fasteners, subclass 256.5.

Subclass: 204 [Patents]

Devices having means to permit the reciprocation of a slide or ring to which the sheet of fore-and-aft sails is secured, such devices being fastened to the deck or rail.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for travelers permitting vertical motion on masts and longitudinal motion on yards, etc.

Subclass: 205 [Patents]

Travelers having one or more tension or surge relievers as an element of construction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213

Subclass: 210 [Patents]

Devices for instantaneously releasing anchors, shank-painters, ring or cat stoppers, anchor-supporters, shoes, and fluke-holders, and devices for catting and fishing anchors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 378+ for devices for releasing a life craft from its supporting connections.

SEARCH CLASS:
54 Harness, subclass 69.
119 Animal Husbandry, subclass 110.
278 Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, subclass 21, and indented subclasses.
294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 82.24+ and particularly subclass 82.27.

Subclass: 211 [Patents]

Ventilating devices specific to ships and involving the structure of the ship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, for ventilation in general.

Subclass: 212 [Patents]

Ventilating devices in which cowls or hoods are provided with valves, dampers, or baffle-plates to prevent the ingress of water.

Subclass: 213 [Patents]

Devices specific to ships having yielding parts to prevent tension or strains from rupturing some element of the combination and applied to cables, cable-stoppers, sheets, secured ends or "standing" parts, ropes, etc. The yielding means is usually rubber, spring, or fluid, which is compressed or stretched, as the case may be.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 277 for fluid or resilient shock-absorbing or tension-maintaining means attached to, supported by, or supporting guiding structure for a load hauling or hoisting cable.
267, Spring Devices, subclass 69, and indented subclasses for tension relievers not specific to ships.

Subclass: 214 [Patents]

Tension or surge relievers in which the yielding means is hydraulic or pneumatic.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171

Subclass: 215 [Patents]

Tension-relievers to take up the strain on the cable and prevent parting of the cable. The yielding means generally forms an element of the cable stopper or compressor. This subclass includes tension-relievers for chain-stoppers as well as cable-stoppers.

Subclass: 216 [Patents]

Elastic couplings specific to use on ships and in rigging.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 69, and indented subclasses.

Subclass: 217 [Patents]

Tension-relievers of the coupling type having a safety-release by means of which the coupled part is released when the tension reaches a certain limit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 and see the notes to this subclass for analogous or related safety-release means.

Subclass: 218 [Patents]

Devices for belaying and securing ropes, cables, hawsers, cleats being stationary and formed with projecting horns, with or without safety releasing means; also includes rotary piles or spiles, rails for belaying-pins, and their attachments.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., subclass 115.

Subclass: 219 [Patents]

Devices to prevent injury to ships' hulls, their bows, and sides from collision, grounding, or waves, the wavefenders acting as a screen or protector.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 212+ for fenders carried by marine structures to protect the structure from damage by a vessel.

Subclass: 220 [Patents]

Fenders provided or formed with a freely rotating friction-roller.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 213 for roller-type fenders carried by marine structure to protect the same.
492, Roll or Roller, for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.

Subclass: 221 [Patents]

Devices of miscellaneous character adaptable and specific to use on board ships and boats, usually separate and independent of the structure of the ship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, subclasses 632+ for one shot explosion
actuated expansible chamber type motors.
166, Wells, subclass 54.5 for means for cutting a cable or rope in a well below ground.
294, Handling: Hand Hoist-line Implements, subclass 19.1 for pole mounted handling implements which do not have exclusive disclosure for use on board a ship
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 185+ for submersible apparatus with which men may perform an underwater operation.

Subclass: 222 [Patents]

Devices of various types especially adapted to cleaning, painting, or scraping a ship's hull or preventing the growth and deposit of foreign matter thereon, as barnacles, or means for preventing barnacle growth.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for cleaning apparatus of general application operating to clean through the agency of a draft or current of air, steam, or equivalent gaseous fluid, a brush, a beater, a scraper, shot, or a squeegee.
30, Cutlery, especially subclass 169, and indented subclasses for scrapers of general utility.

Subclass: 223 [Patents]

Miscellaneous devices specific to use in or about ships' rigging, but not in permanent use, including rope stoppers, grips, tighteners, and other rope-handling devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 199+ for portable implements or apparatus for tensioning flexible material (e.g., cable, wire) from which the implements or apparatus are detached after the material is tensioned.

Subclass: 224 [Patents]

Devices for calking or making the seams watertight and painting, pitching, or puttying the same.
(1) Note. Where such results are secured by the manner or means of uniting sheaths, strakes, plates, or planking, see this class, subclass 86, the devices of this subclass being implements or machines entirely separate therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses as the residual class for making articles by adhesive bonding.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclass 89 for a caulking implement including material supply and means for simultaneously shaping plural dimensions, and subclass 458 for a similar implement without a material supply.

Subclass: 227 [Patents]

Devices for stopping leaks of vessels applied from the inside or from the exterior of the vessel, but not of the nature of linings and fillings between bottoms, planks, or plates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for linings and fillings between bottoms, planks, or plates.

Subclass: 228 [Patents]

Stoppers applied to the inside of the hull.

Subclass: 229 [Patents]

Means applied externally to prevent leaking in which the stopper is of the nature of an apron, mat, mattress, curtain, etc., and applied over the leak.

Subclass: 230.1 [Patents]

MOORING DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which includes apparatus for securing the marine vehicle, while in the water, to another structure (e.g., float, dock, slip, sea bed, shore, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, especially subclasses 188+, for underwater docking or mooring of a diving apparatus, and subclasses 224+ for mooring a floating work platform to the seabed.
414 Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses, for means for lifting a boat from the water for storage on land.
441 Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 3 through 5 for a buoy in combination with a mooring device.

Subclass: 230.11 [Patents]

Whip or whip base:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.1. Subject matter wherein the apparatus for securing the marine vehicle to another structure is either (a) a resilient elongated element (1) connectable at one end to the another structure, (2) connectable at its other end to the vehicle, and (3) bowed between its ends when connected to both the vehicle and the another structure, or (b) a structure for mounting either end of such a resilient elongated element to the marine vehicle or the another structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for supports, per se.
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses, for springs or spring structures, per se.

Subclass: 230.12 [Patents]

Having ship mounted turret:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.1. Subject matter wherein (a) the marine vehicle includes a portion which furnishes buoyancy when in contact with the water and to which the main supporting surface (e.g., deck) and other parts are attached (i.e., hull), and (b) the apparatus for securing the marine vehicle to another structure has a spindle extending through the hull which permits relative rotation of the hull and spindle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, especially subclass 279, for means permitting relative motion between a hose connected between a moveable
supply source and filling head or a moveable receive and subclasses 387+ for a filling head shiftably or separably connected to a supply.
166, Wells, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 352 +, for a submerged well having means to removably connect a surface vessel to permanent well structure.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, especially subclass 5 and 7, for boring a submerged formation from a floating or submerged platform.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses, for joints or couplings between fluid conducting conduits, per se.
384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses, for bearing structure per se.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, especially subclasses 188+, for underwater docking or mooring of a diving apparatus.
441, Buoys, Rafts, And Aquatic Devices, subclass 5, for a buoy for mooring a vessel in combination with a liquid cargo conduit having a swivel coupling.

Subclass: 230.13 [Patents]

Including tower or riser connected to sea floor (e.g., column, mast):
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.1. Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a structure (a)connected to, or (b)mounted on the marine floor, and (c)the structure is either (1)a rigid elongated upright member which projects toward or above the surface of the water, or (2) an elongated flexible member which is upright and projects toward or above the surface of the water when disconnected from the marine vehicle.
(1) Note. Many of the risers classified herein are buoyant or have a buoyant structure attached to them.
(2) Note. Many of the risers classified herein are tubular for transmission of a fluid to or from the marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 236.1, including for offshore fluid-handling systems and subclass 615+ for fluid handling systems of general utility having two or more fluid conduit sections joined for relative movement to assume various delivery or nonuse positions.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, especially subclass 279 for means permitting relative motion between a hose connected between a moveable supply source and filling head or a moveable receiver and subclasses 387+ for a filling head shiftably or separably connected to a supply.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 224+ for devices for anchoring of a marine building or work platform to the marine floor.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 4+ for a mooring buoy having a fluid conduit for transferring liquid cargo to a marine vehicle.

Subclass: 230.14 [Patents]

Having boom means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.13. Subject matter wherein the structure has an arm, one end of the arm being movably or pivotally connected to the structure and an opposite end of the arm extending laterally or transversely outwardly and connectable with the marine vehicle.
(1) Note. Many of the mooring devices classified herein permit the marine vehicle to rotate completely around the tower or riser while the marine vehicle is connected to the boom.
(2) Note. Many of the mooring devices classified herein provide for the transmission of a fluid to or from the marine vehicle.

Subclass: 230.15 [Patents]

Boom-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.1. Subject matter wherein the securing apparatus includes an arm, one end of the arm being movably or pivotally connectable to the another structure and an opposite end of the arm extending laterally or transversely outwardly and connectable with the marine vehicle.
(1) Note. Many of the mooring devices classified herein connect the marine vehicle to a structure which extends a very short distance above and is fixed to the marine floor.
(2) Note. Many of the mooring devices classified herein include plural rods or booms.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, especially subclasses 188+ for underwater docking or mooring of a diving apparatus and subclasses 224+, for mooring a floating work platform to the seabed.
441, Buoys, Rafts, And Aquatic Devices, subclasses 3-5, for a buoy in combination with a mooring device.

Subclass: 230.16 [Patents]

Vertically slidable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.15. Subject matter wherein movement in a straight line perpendicular to a plane parallel to the horizon is permitted by either the connection between (a) the arm and the another structure or (b) the arm and the marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230.27 for a line-type mooring device which compensates for water level changes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, for a joint permitting straight line movement between two or more rigid or semi-rigid members.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, especially subclass 219 a floating dock.

Subclass: 230.17 [Patents]

Of extensible length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.15. Subject matter wherein the arm has two elongated segments attached to one another in a manner allowing one segment to move longitudinally relative to the other to lengthen or shorten the length of the arm.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, for supports, per se.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, for a joint permitting straight line movement between two or more rigid or semi-rigid members.

Subclass: 230.18 [Patents]

Biased to particular length or position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.17. Subject matter wherein the arm has a means to apply a force either (a)between the segments to keep the segments at the proper position relative to each other, or (b) between (1) the arm and the another structure, or (2)the arm and the marine vehicle, to keep the arm at the proper position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses, for springs or spring structures, per se.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 166 for articulated members which are axially spring-biased coaxial members.

Subclass: 230.19 [Patents]

Biased to particular position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.15. Subject matter wherein the apparatus for securing the marine vehicle to another structure has a means to apply a force to the arm to keep it at the proper position relative to either (a)the another structure or (b)the marine vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclasses, for spring structures, per se.

Subclass: 230.2 [Patents]

Line-type (e.g., rope, chain, hawser, cable):
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.1. Subject matter wherein the apparatus for securing the marine vehicle to another structure includes an elongated, flaccid member which can transmit force only when under tension.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
57, Textiles, Spinning, Twisting and Twining, appropriate subclasses, for a particular rope or cable construction.

Subclass: 230.21 [Patents]

With detecting position of ship or tension in line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter wherein the apparatus has means for sensing a change (1) in a location of the marine vehicle with respect to the another structure or (2) in the tensioning force applied to the flaccid member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 247+ for towing or pushing devices for a ship having means responsive to excess strain in the device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, especially subclasses 760+ for measuring strain in a device.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying a Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 264+ for apparatus utilizing a cable to apply a pulling force to an object.
340, Communications, Electrical, subclasses 984+ for watercraft alarm or indicating systems.

Subclass: 230.22 [Patents]

Having means to tension line for movement of ship in opposite directions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter wherein the apparatus for securing the marine vehicle to the another structure includes means for applying a tensile force to the flaccid member to cause the marine vehicle to be selectively moved in diametrically opposed paths while it is connected to the flaccid member.
(1) Note. Many of the devices classified herein permit an operator to move a moored marine vehicle between moored locations while the operator is at a position remote from either the vehicle or the another structure.

Subclass: 230.23 [Patents]

And line winding means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter also including a drum (e.g., capstan, driven pulley, driven sprocket wheel, winding drum, windlass, etc.) turned about its central axis by a source of power and having a perimeter which contacts the flaccid member and either winds
a segment of the flaccid member around its perimeter, or otherwise engages and pulls on a segment of the flaccid member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding and Reeling, appropriate subclasses, for winding or unwinding of a flexible element from a holder or spool, per se, and especially subclasses 47+ for winding of rope, and subclasses 54+ for winding material upon or unwinding material from reels or drums.

Subclass: 230.24 [Patents]

And line biasing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter also including means for applying a tensioning force to the flaccid member.
(1) Note. Many of the documents classified herein include an idler pulley for changing the direction of the path of travel of the flaccid member, but the pulley is not turned about its center by a source of power and does not apply a pulling force to the flaccid member by engagement of the flaccid member with the perimeter of the pulley and therefore the pulley by itself is not a biasing means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 368+ for a lifecraft davit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying a Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses, for a device for applying a pulling force to a line.

Subclass: 230.25 [Patents]

With manipulating or positioning means for aiding attachment of the line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter with means for (a) engaging the flaccid member and either (1) assisting maneuvering of the flaccid member for connection either to (i) the marine vehicle from the another structure, or (ii) the another structure from the marine vehicle, or (2) stationing the flaccid member at a particular location for connection either to (i) the marine vehicle from the another structure, or (ii) the another structure
from the marine vehicle, and (b) transmitting no force between the marine vehicle and the another structure after the connection has been completed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 121 + for a self-supporting stand and an article supporting bracket thereon, subclasses 127+ for self-supporting stands which support an article in spaced relation to a horizontal surface, subclasses 200+ for brackets, per se, and subclasses 511+ for a device which receives a rod or pole and supports it in one or more attitudes.
294, Handling, Hand and Hoist-line Implements, appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 19.1, for a pole mounted implement, subclasses 82.1+ for devices including a hook with a hoistline or draftline terminal, and subclasses 86.4 + for a grapple, per se.

Subclass: 230.26 [Patents]

With specific means for attaching line:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.2. Subject matter with a particular structural aspect of a means for connecting the flaccid member either to (a) the marine vehicle from the another structure, or (b) the another structure from the marine vehicle, and (c) transmitting a tensile force between the marine vehicle and the another structure after the connection has been completed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 218+ for bitts, cleats, or pin rails, per se.

Subclass: 230.27 [Patents]

Compensates for water level change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.26. Subject matter wherein the means for connecting the flaccid member to the another structure or the marine vehicle permits free vertical movement of the connection either (a)of the flaccid member to the another structure or (b)of the flaccid member to the marine vehicle to adjust for changes in the water surface (e.g., wave action, tide changes).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230.15 for boom-type mooring devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 211+ for a marine structure protection device.

Subclass: 230.28 [Patents]

Including socket receiving elongated projection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.26. Subject matter wherein the connecting means includes a releasable coupling having a slender protuberance received within a cavity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 216+ for a tension reliever for a cable or line of a ship which further includes an elastic coupling.
subclasses 249+ for a towing or pushing device for a ship further including a coupling.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, Etc., subclasses 572+ for a separable fastener, per se.
403, Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, for a particular connection, between rigid or semi-rigid members, having a socket releaseably receiving an elongated projection.

Subclass: 230.29 [Patents]

Including enlargement fixed or attached to line for releasable engagement in slot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.26. Subject matter wherein the connecting means includes a member of greater lateral or radial dimension than the flaccid member carried by or permanently attached to the flaccid member which is releasably retained in a long narrow opening for transmitting a tensile force between the marine vehicle and the another structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., appropriate subclasses,
especially subclasses 572+ for a separable-type fastener, per se, including a pivoted hook.
410, Freight Acommodation on Freight Carrier, subclasses 101+ for a load lashing anchor.

Subclass: 230.3 [Patents]

Including pivoted hook-type member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 230.26. Subject matter wherein the means for connecting the flaccid member to the marine vehicle or the another structure includes a curved arm rotatable about an axis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 572+ for a separable-type fastener, per se, including a pivoted hook.
294, Handling, Hand and Hoist-line Implements, subclass 82.1 for a hook of general utility provided with a hoistline or draftline terminal.

Subclass: 231 [Patents]

Moorings in which a part of the securing means is located upon the vessel and usually operated automatically as the boat comes in.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
14, Bridges, the subclasses indented under "Gangways".

Subclass: 232 [Patents]

Miscellaneous devices for spreading oil upon the surface of the waves or hulls of the vessels, primarily to diminish the roughness and force of the waves in storms; includes devices that distribute oil to the contact surface of the hulls of vessels to diminish the water friction and increase the speed and prevent attachment and growth of barnacles, etc., thus cleaning the hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 366.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 22 for oil distributors used in harbors.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 34 for buoys for distributing oil upon the surface of waves.

Subclass: 233 [Patents]

Devices fixed to or involving the ship or its structure, usually distributing oil through pipes to orifices in or about the hull.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for air and oil distributers of similar structure used for diminishing friction.

Subclass: 234 [Patents]

Oil receptacles thrown overboard from vessel to gradually spread oil on the surface of the sea secured to the vessel by a towline or hawser and dragged or floated on the surface of the sea.

Subclass: 238 [Patents]

Devices for launching, releasing, handling, or expelling torpedoes of the fish or automobile type. In the torpedotubes included herein the expelling power of air, gas, liquid, or gunpowder is only sufficient to make the torpedo take the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20 for torpedo structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
89, Ordnance, subclass 1.51 for apparatus and processes for dropping torpedoes and other bombs from aircraft, and subclass 5 for torpedo-guns for torpedo-projectiles that are projected rather than launched.
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclasses 56+ for pneumatic projectile impelling devices.

Subclass: 239 [Patents]

Devices pivoted, suspended, or secured to the ship's side or deck for expelling, handling, or launching torpedoes, including tubes mounted upon boats' decks but not
torpedo-tubes of the inboard type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for torpedoes carried at the end of the spar.

Subclass: 240 [Patents]

Devices applied externally to a ship or supported thereon to prevent torpedoes from touching the vessel's hull.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, for flexible and portable panels of more general utility.

Subclass: 241 [Patents]

Net-like torpedo guards.

Subclass: 242 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means enabling a vessel either to pull an object through the water or to bear against or otherwise apply a thrusting force to an object to shove the object through the water.

Subclass: 243 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein means are provided for use about a towing line which means acts to reduce eddying and resultant drag as the line moves through the water.

Subclass: 244 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein the object being towed is an underwater object.

Subclass: 245 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Device wherein means are provided either to maintain the towed object at a desired depth or to controllably vary the depth at which the object is towed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for depth regulators associated with torpedoes.

Subclass: 246 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device including means specialized for towed or pushed vessels or objects for changing the direction of movement of the towed or pushed vessel or object or a train of such vessels.
(1) Note. Those vessels which recite no more than conventional steering gear, e.g., a rudder controlled from the vessel upon which it is mounted, have not been placed herein but rather have been placed on their specific coupling or towing structure.
(2) Note. Push boat-barge combinations having variable length lashings connecting the vessels together will be found herein if the lashings permit the boat to be canted with respect to the barge to facilitate or effect steering of the same.

Subclass: 247 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein a connecting means is provided which has means to disconnect a towed object or to otherwise reduce the pulling force acting through the connecting means when the force exceeds a predetermined limit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 272+ for a cable pulling drum provided with a control mechanism having a cable deflecting or path-defining component; the component shifts when variations in the tension on the cable occur.

Subclass: 248 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein the hull of one of the vessels is configured to receive and confine a hull portion of a coacting vessel.

Subclass: 249 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device having a) a plurality of substantially rigid members which are configured to cooperate one with another to effect a force transmitting link between vessels joined together thereby, b) a pliable member holding one vessel in contact with and fast to another, or c) hooks or clamps for towing cables having releasing trips.

Subclass: 250 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Device wherein one of the coacting members is carried by a solid arm which holds the connected vessels in a spaced relationship.

Subclass: 251 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Device wherein a pliable member holds one vessel in contact with and fast to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
246 for steering arrangements which employ a pair of flexible lashing to connect a push vessel to a barge, where one of the lashings connects the port side of the push vessel to the port side of the barge and the other lashing connects the starboard sides and where means are provided to change the relative lengths of the lines to thereby cant the push vessel with respect to the barge to facilitate steering of the connected assemblage.

Subclass: 252 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Device wherein the coupling means is provided with means to effect or facilitate disconnect of the joined vessels.

Subclass: 253 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Device wherein a flexible line is provided for connecting a towing vessel to a towed object which is spaced therefrom.

Subclass: 254 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Device wherein means are provided for holding the flexible line when it is not in use.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses 398+ and 904 for a reeling device of general use or with nominal ship structure or combined with a nominally recited boat. Class 114 takes the combination of reel structure with a boat where the boat is more than nominally recited. Class 114 will also take a reel combined with a motor which is actuated by the boat's motion through the water or where line guide structure is recited which is adapted to be attached to the boat rather than the reel, e.g., bridles which attach to the transom of the boat.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 264+ for a driven, cable-pulling drum for hauling or hoisting a load.

Subclass: 255 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vessels with provisions for procuring or processing aquatic life other than vegetation.

Subclass: 256 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structures which are containers of such construction that they remain at least partially above water when in use.

Subclass: 257 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structures which are containers of such construction that when in use they are completely under water, but are not at rest on the bottom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 210 for submerged storage vessels which rest on the sea floor.

Subclass: 258 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Floating structures designed to receive, either within or upon the same, watercraft or aircraft, to transport or harbor them, and appliances peculiar thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 137.7 for a ship with means to load or unload cargo from the water.

Subclass: 259 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Devices designed to transport other water vessels.

Subclass: 260 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Devices wherein the water vessel being transported is of general type for
transporting bulk cargo across water.

Subclass: 261 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Devices designed to transport or harbor airplanes, helicopters, or the like.

Subclass: 262 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Devices wherein the carrier or harbor is in the form of a way station or loading platform which is adapted to accommodate aircraft which is designed to land or take off from the surface of a body of water.

Subclass: 263 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Structures which are buoyant platforms which have provisions for berthing of boats thereto or thereon.

Subclass: 264 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure which is wholly supported by a body of water and which when in use forms or takes the form of an approximately planar work surface.
(1) Note. Exemplary of the art in this subclass and in subclass 265 are offshore drilling platforms.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 195.1 for offshore drilling platforms which rest on the bottom, are solidly connected to the bottom, or are connected to the marine bed by a continuous riser pipe (i.e., a conduit which serves to convey material from beneath the surface of the water) which may comprise a rigid segment over a substantial portion of its length, and a relatively flexible segment.

Subclass: 265 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Structures wherein the working surface of the platform is supported by a plurality of depending structural members.

Subclass: 266 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Structures formed of a group of united pontoons.

Subclass: 267 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices concerning the structure of a single float unit, i.e., laminations, filling, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for float structure in combination with a float connection device.

Subclass: 268 [Patents]

Vessels under this class with attachments for lifting or hauling.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 137.1 for a free floating marine structure with means to load that or another marine structure.

Subclass: 269 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure with features drawn to the specific location of engine room equipment in or with respect to the engineering
space of a vessel.

Subclass: 271 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein a hull attachment is provided or the hull form of the vessel is such that as the vessel moves through or across the surface of a body of water, a force is generated tending either to raise the vessel out of the water or to change the fore and aft drafts of the vessel relative to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 16+ for analogous devices on submarines.
subclasses 20+ for analogous devices on torpedoes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 65+ for aquaplanes and analogous skimming devices adapted to be attached to a person or animal.

Subclass: 272 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein the vessel is provided with a wing-like member mounted so as to coact with the atmosphere to generate a lifting force, when the vessel is in motion, which tends to raise the vessel out of the water.
(1) Note. The vessels found herein are always more or less waterborne and the airfoil merely tends to reduce the amount of hull below the waterline, thus, seaplanes and like aeronautic devices will generally not be found herein.

Subclass: 273 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Device including means for adjustably supporting the wing-like member such that the direction the foil faces or the angle of
attack of the foil can be altered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 280+ for means to reposition hydrofoils or flaps associated therewith.

Subclass: 274 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein the hull is provided with a submerged wing-like lift generating member.

Subclass: 275 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Device wherein means are provided to regulate the operation of a vessel in response to a signal generated by a means which measures or perceives some characteristic of the vessel or the environment within which it operates.

Subclass: 276 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Device wherein the vessel is provided with a signal generating means which has a member which rides on or adjacent the surface of the water and which gauges the relative distance between the vessel's hull and the water's surface.

Subclass: 277 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Device wherein the control signal generating means responds to variations in the force per unit area of the water with which the vessel coacts and through which it moves.

Subclass: 278 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Device wherein the wing-like lift generating member or a support therefor is provided with a fluid passage which begins or terminates in an aperture formed in the member or its support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for control means employing ported struts to sense variations in liquid pressure.

Subclass: 279 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Device wherein means are provided to absorb or reduce impacts or vibration being transmitted to the vessel via the wing-like member or its support.

Subclass: 280 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Device wherein means are provided for mounting the wing-like member or a portion thereof such that it may be moved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for repositionable airfoil.
subclasses 275+ for means which control foil or foil adjunct position in response to a sensed condition.
subclasses 284+ for means to reposition hull adjuncts other than hydrofoils to drive lift or alter trim.

Subclass: 281 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Device wherein the direction in which the vessel moves can be altered by turning or otherwise repositioning the foil.

Subclass: 282 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Device wherein means are provided for shifting the foil between an inactive storage position and an active fluid coacting position.

Subclass: 283 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein a plurality of floats or surface skimming members are either connected together in a spaced, side-by-side fashion to form a vessel or they are connected to, but spaced from either side of a vessel's hull in such a manner that they coact with the water to at least partially support the weight of the vessel and thus allow the vessel's hull to raise up in the water when the vessel is under way.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, the float must be a separate and distinct entity which is not formed as part of the vessel's hull but rather is attached thereto.

Subclass: 284 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein a section of the hull or some attachment to the hull is mounted to be shifted relative to the hull such that it will coact with the water when the vessel is underway either to facilitate the vessel's passage through the water or to alter the vessel's fore-and-aft drafts relative to each other.

Subclass: 285 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Device wherein the shiftable member is a generally planar element which either is formed as a portion of the vessel's hull or is an adjunct thereto.

Subclass: 286 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Device wherein a gas or liquid powered motive means is provided to shift the generally planar element.

Subclass: 287 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Device wherein the fluid motor comprises a pliant bag-like member.

Subclass: 288 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein the hull of the vessel is either so contoured or accessories are so attached thereto that (a) a groove-like configuration is formed in the bottom of the vessel which runs generally parallel to the keel, or (b) a space is formed within which a gas or liquid is captured or confined, whereby a lifting force is generated as fluid either courses through the groove or is captured in the fluid confining space.

Subclass: 289 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Device wherein means are provided for supplying a gas or liquid to said enclosed space or open channel.
(1) Note. Examples of the types of devices to be found herein are pumps, air scoops or funnels, engine exhaust lines, etc. This structure constitutes means in addition to the shape of the channel or fluid entrapping configuration. Thus, those channels which merely have a shaped inlet which facilitates the supply of air thereto have been placed on channel structure and will not be found in this subclass.

Subclass: 290 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Device wherein a multiplicity of fluid conducting grooves are formed in the
bottom of the hull.

Subclass: 291 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device wherein the hull is made from a plurality of vertically spaced segments which are connected one to the other by a generally perpendicular stop or wall portion.

Subclass: 292 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Device which comprises an elongate float of particular configuration or construction.

Subclass: 293 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein a vessel is provided with a plurality of lines each of which has means to releasably engage the sea bed, which lines are disposed so as to hold the vessel substantially stationary with respect to a single spot on the sea bed.
(1) Note. Vessels found herein usually have at least a bow and a stern anchoring line which hold the vessel over a single point on the ocean floor regardless of the effects of current, tide, wind or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 155+ for structures employing discrete disparate earth anchors.

Subclass: 294 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device wherein means are provided, (a) for engaging the sea bed, which means is adapted to be carried by a flexible line secured to a vessel and which means acts through the line to hold the vessel fast to the sea bed, or (b) which when deployed, coact with the water to produce a drag on the
vessel to which it is attached to impede the motion of the vessel through water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
37, Excavating, subclasses 345+ for projecting piles for anchoring dredges.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 42.72 for fishing line shock absorbers, and subclass 44.96 for fishing line sinkers with ground engaging means.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 155+ for expanding or piercing earth anchors.

Subclass: 295 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein the means engaging the sea bed has power driven means for thrusting the engaging means into the sea bed.
(1) Note. Explosively driven anchors will be found herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 158+ for a driven earth anchor.

Subclass: 296 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein the engaging means is so configured that a zone of reduced pressure is formed between the sea bed and the engaging means either (a) when an attempt is made to extract the engaging means from the sea bed, or (b) by additional means provided for the purpose of evacuating fluid from the zone, whereby an imbalance of forces is created tending to hold the engaging means in contact with the sea bed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclasses 21+ for vacuum-type holding means.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 64.1 for vacuum cup elements, per se, as well as other vacuum-operated load engagers.

Subclass: 297 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein the engaging means is provided with means to facilitate the withdrawing of the engaging means from the sea bed.

Subclass: 298 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Device wherein the engaging means includes a longitudinally extending shank carrying a blade-like member, and releasable means is provided which either holds the blade-like member in fixed position or restrains it to swing through a limited arc relative to the shank when in use, but which allows it to swing free when dislodgement of the engaging means is desired.

Subclass: 299 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Device in which a flexible line is attached to the engaging means at a first location when in use, and wherein means are provided to enable the point of attachment to be shifted to a second location when dislodgement of the engaging means is desired.

Subclass: 300 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein the engaging means is provided with a bowl-shaped member which contacts and digs into the sea bed.
(1) Note. The bowl-shaped member may have projections protruding about the periphery thereof.

Subclass: 301 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein the engaging means is provided with a blade-like member which
is adapted to dig into the sea bed.

Subclass: 302 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Device wherein the engaging means includes a longitudinally extending shank and a rod-like member which, when in use is arranged to be perpendicular thereto, which rod-like member is movable to a nonuse storage position.

Subclass: 303 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Device wherein the engaging means is provided with either, (a) means which facilitates the putting together or the taking apart of the various elements of the engaging means, or (b) stop means for limiting the swing of the fluke when the latter is pivotally carried by a shank, wherein the stop means is selectively movable to any one of a plurality of different positions to alter the fluke's swing, or means are provided for substituting a new stop means for a worn or different size stop.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for a replaceable abutment adapted to be sheared off at a predetermined force to permit the fluke to swing free for dislodgement from an obstruction.

Subclass: 304 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Device wherein the engaging means is provided with a longitudinally extending shank to which the blade-like member is swingable attached.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 162+ for pivoted fluke-type earth anchors.

Subclass: 305 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device wherein either, (1) the blade-like member is held in a collapsed position when the anchor is stowed and a means is provided for releasing or moving the blade-like member such that it may assume its operative position, or (2) releaseable means are provided on the engaging means to lock the blade-like member in an extended operative position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for anchors having means for driving the same into the sea bed, and which may include extensible flukes that are swung into an operative position subsequent to the anchor being driven into the seabed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses 155+ for expanding earth anchors.

Subclass: 306 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device wherein either, (1) the end of the shank which connects with the fluke is branched and the fluke is straddled by and either side thereof connect with the arms of the branched shank, or (2) the shank is provided with a hole in which the fluke is swingably secured, and wherein the fluke is constrained to swing between the arms or through the aperture when in use.

Subclass: 307 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device comprising multiple blade-like members which are swingably attached to the shank, and wherein movement of one of the blade-like members with respect to the shank does not invariably cause movement of another blade-like member.

Subclass: 308 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device wherein the shank has an enlargement or protuberance on one end thereof which fits into a complementary recess formed in the
fluke.

Subclass: 309 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device wherein a rod-like stabilizing member is either attached to and extends outwardly from the fluke or is secured to the shank immediately adjacent to the fluke.

Subclass: 310 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Device including a member projecting outwardly from the engaging means, which member, upon contact with the sea bed, causes the fluke to pivot about its point of attachment with the shank and thereby assume the proper attitude for penetration into the sea bed.

Subclass: 311 [Patents]

This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Device wherein means are provided which when deployed coacts with the water to produce a drag on the vessel to which it is attached to impede the motion of the vessel through the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for portable drag-type devices employed as temporary steering means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 113 for aircraft retarding devices, and subclasses 142+ for parachutes.

Subclass: 312 [Patents]

SUBMERSIBLE DEVICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including (a) an underwater habitat which is not permanently secured to the marine floor, (b) an independently propelled submergible vessel, (c) a device not provided for elsewhere
which is either worn by a diver or upon which or within which a diver rides while in open communication with the water, which device assists in the propulsion or regulates the movement of the diver through the water, or (d) other submersible bodies not provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 244+ for submergible towed objects.
257 for submersible storage tanks.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 185+ for submergible devices with manipulating arms to perform an underwater work function; and subclasses 195.1+ for a marine structure physically secured to a seabed.

Subclass: 313 [Patents]

With disparate vehicle feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein said submergible vessel is provided with additional structure peculiar to another type of vehicle whereby said vessel can perform functions in addition to those functions restricted to submarine vessels.

Subclass: 314 [Patents]

Underwater habitat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein an enclosure is provided which rests on or is temporarily secured to the marine floor which enclosure provides a living space for people working in a submerged environment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 195.1 for structures including habitats rigidly secured to a seabed.

Subclass: 315 [Patents]

Diver assistance device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein means are provided to propel, to assist in the propulsion, or
to regulate the movement of a diver through a body of water with which he is in direct contact.
(1) Note. A diver wearing a wet suit is still considered to be in direct contact with the body of water if said wet suit contacts the body of water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 244+ for towed sleds.

Subclass: 316 [Patents]

With weapon or weapon system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device having an offensive or defensive weapon or means for deploying an offensive or defensive weapon.

Subclass: 317 [Patents]

Having ballast compensating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Device wherein a submergible vessel is provided with means which compensates for loss of ballast during weapon deployment to maintain the stability of the vessel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 331+ for ballasting systems used for depth control.

Subclass: 318 [Patents]

Power assisted deployment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Device wherein a means is provided to effect or facilitate the discharge of the weapon from the submergible vessel.

Subclass: 319 [Patents]

Pneumatic or hydraulic dispatch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Device wherein said means uses fluid pressure to discharge the weapon from the vessel.

Subclass: 320 [Patents]

Having specific hatch structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Device wherein said weapon system possesses an aperture cover for a weapon deployment device which cover prevents communication between the weapon and the water until the weapon is ready for deployment.

Subclass: 321 [Patents]

Having storage hold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device including a cargo receiving compartment.

Subclass: 322 [Patents]

Detachably connected to a main vessel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein a submergible device is held in contact with and releasably secured to a main submergible vessel in order that the two may proceed underwater together.
(1) Note. A buoy, per se, is not considered a submergible device for this class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 326+ for submergible devices carrying buoys.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 1+ for buoys, per se.

Subclass: 323 [Patents]

Emergency escape means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Device wherein
said submergible device is used as a means of escape from said main submergible vessel if said main submergible vessel is unable to return to the surface of the water.

Subclass: 324 [Patents]

Chamber completely enclosed in the hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Device wherein said submergible device is a chamber which is held completely out of communication with the water within the hull of a main submergible vessel which chamber is capable of carrying a member of the crew of said main submergible vessel to the surface of the water.

Subclass: 325 [Patents]

Chamber nested in the hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Device wherein said submergible device is a chamber carried in a complementary indentation in the hull of a main submergible vessel with at least part of said submersible device always in communication with the water, which chamber is capable of carrying a member of the crew of said main submergible vessel to the surface of the water.

Subclass: 326 [Patents]

Having buoy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein a submergible vessel is provided with a floatable member which is tethered to the submergible vessel and which is capable of being released.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, for buoys, per se.

Subclass: 327 [Patents]

And snorkel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Device wherein the floatable member is provided with a means to supply air from above the surface of the water to a submergible vessel located below the water.

Subclass: 328 [Patents]

With communication means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Device wherein the floatable member is provided with equipment for exchanging information with those in a submergible vessel located below the water.
(1) Note. Examples of equipment for exchanging information are telephones, telegraph keys, wireless antennas, etc..

Subclass: 329 [Patents]

With indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Device wherein the floatable member is provided with additional means to make the floatable member more readily noticeable.
(1) Note. Examples of the additional means are lights, flags, flares, reflectors, etc..

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, for indicators, per se.

Subclass: 330 [Patents]

Having attitude control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein said submergible vessel is provided with means to control the inclination of said vessel in relation to its frame of reference or to otherwise vary the vertical distance between the vessel and the frame of reference.

Subclass: 331 [Patents]

Depth control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Device wherein a means is provided to control the vertical distance of a submersible device from the surface of the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
245 for submerged towed objects having depth control means.

Subclass: 332 [Patents]

Diving plane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein said means comprises a tiltable surface on the exterior of the vessel which reacts with the water passing thereacross to change the pitch of the vessel upward or downward depending on the position assumed by the surface.

Subclass: 333 [Patents]

Water ballast:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Device wherein said means controls the intake or expulsion of water from a holding tank.

Subclass: 334 [Patents]

Having air supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein means are provided to supply or circulate a breathable gaseous mixture to the interior of a submergible device.

Subclass: 335 [Patents]

Having air locks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein means are provided to isolate one zone from another zone which means comprises a chamber interposed between the zones which chamber has a first sealable opening communicating the chamber with the one zone and a second sealable opening communicating said chamber with the other zone.
(1) Note. The air locks found here provide communication between a vessel and the surrounding sea, between different vessels, or between different compartments in the same vessel.

Subclass: 336 [Patents]

Emergency equipment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein
a means is provided which is operable in unforeseen circumstances to avert the loss of a submergible device or its occupants.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 326+ for buoys which can be released from the submergible vessel for various purposes in emergency situations.

Subclass: 337 [Patents]

Having propulsion unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein means are provided for driving a submergible vessel through the water.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 330+ for propellers used as a means for attitude control of the vessel.

Subclass: 338 [Patents]

Propeller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Device wherein said means includes a revolving hub with radiating blades mounted externally of a vessel's hull which react with the surrounding water to propel the vessel through the water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), for propellers, per se.

Subclass: 339 [Patents]

Superstructure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device relating to the shape, composition, or construction of the major appurtenance of a vessel's exterior surface.

Subclass: 340 [Patents]

With periscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Device wherein said structure includes a tubular optical instrument containing mirrors and lenses by which a view of the surface or the water, through which the submergible vessel is moving, is allowed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements, subclasses 402+ for periscopes, per se.

Subclass: 341 [Patents]

Hulls with transverse reinforcement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein a vessel's exterior surface is strengthened by members lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vessel.

Subclass: 342 [Patents]

Hull within a hull:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Device wherein the exterior surface of the vessel is formed as a plurality of spaced apart shells one within the other.

Subclass: 343 [Patents]

BOATS, BOAT COMPONENT OR ATTACHMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device which is a small vessel with or without a deck, a particular component for a boat, or an attachment for a boat.
(1) Note. In the maritime industry, a boat is a vessel less than 65 feet long and a ship is 65 feet or longer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
224, Package and Article Carriers, subclass 406 for an article carrier for an aquatic vessel where the vessel is nominally recited.
440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 106+ for oar locks.

Subclass: 344 [Patents]

With wheeled buoyant landing or launching aid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device in which the boat is provided with wheel or wheeled means for carrying the boat to or from launching sites, the wheel or wheeled means being either attached to the boat or buoyant and separable from the boat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
270 for propelling means for vessels designed for use upon either land or water and see the search notes thereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 414.1 for boat carrying vehicles and see the search notes thereunder.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 1+ for apparatus for launching a vessel from or carrying a vessel over land.

Subclass: 345 [Patents]

Inflatable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Boats which are expanded from a collapsed position by a gaseous medium.

Subclass: 346 [Patents]

Circular:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device wherein the outer edge of the boat is substantially in the shape of a circle.

Subclass: 347 [Patents]

Canoe or kayak:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device comprising a relatively light, long and narrow boat usually moved by paddles, the boat normally having turned up ends, and in the case of a kayak is covered except for an opening at least substantially engaging the waist of a person seated therein.

Subclass: 348 [Patents]

Lifeboat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. A boat adapted especially for saving the life of a person stranded in water.

Subclass: 349 [Patents]

Enclosed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. A boat which has an air chamber or space to receive passengers which can be closed watertight.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 38 for rafts with shelters; and subclass 87 for water rescue apparatus which encloses the passenger.

Subclass: 350 [Patents]

With self-leveling passenger compartment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. A lifeboat in which a passenger compartment is supported such that it will maintain or return to a level position independent of the hull orientation.

Subclass: 351 [Patents]

Hunting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Boats especially designed to conceal a hunter and for more or less quiet propulsion to aid a hunter in approaching game.

Subclass: 352 [Patents]

Sectional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Boats which can be folded or which are made of sections which are releasably fixed together to form the boat.

Subclass: 353 [Patents]

With folding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Boats wherein the different sections are rigid and are hinged together so that the sections may be folded onto or into each other.

Subclass: 354 [Patents]

Collapsible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Boats which collapse into themselves through such means as telescoping rods, accordion pleats, etc..

Subclass: 355 [Patents]

Hull construction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Method or device for constructing or making the hull of a boat.

Subclass: 356 [Patents]

Metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Boat hulls in which the hull is substantially formed of metal.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 79+ for iron ships.

Subclass: 357 [Patents]

Plastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Boat hulls in which the hull is substantially formed of a plastic.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for specific methods of
forming plastics which could be used to shape a boat hull.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclass 61 for means to facilitate the flotation of a formed ship or boat.

Subclass: 358 [Patents]

Wood:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Boat hulls in which the hull is substantially formed of wood.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for ships with wood hulls.

Subclass: 359 [Patents]

Former and framer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Device comprising apparatus or implements for bending, shaping, stamping or temporarily holding in place frames, timbers, or sides of the hull.

Subclass: 360 [Patents]

With means to prevent capsizing or sinking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device in which the boat has an attached float, a built in compartment, additional built in buoyancy material, or a similar device to prevent the boat from capsizing or sinking.

Subclass: 361 [Patents]

Protective cover or shield:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device wherein the boat is provided with a covering or other protective structure to shield or protect a person, boat portion or thing thereon.

Subclass: 362 [Patents]

Boarding aids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Apparatus in which a boat part or a structure expedites the boarding or disembarking of the boat by a person.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 139.5 for lifting devices for transporting personnel from one marine vessel to another; and subclass 140.1 for the combination of a land vehicle gangway with a ship when combined with means to manipulate the cargo.

Subclass: 363 [Patents]

Seat and foot supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Device comprising means to support the body or foot of a user.

Subclass: 364 [Patents]

Deck or gunwale attachments:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Devices comprising boat parts or structure mounted to either an exposed portion of a boat deck, or on, or at the top of a boat side.
(1) Note. Oar locks are found in Class 440, Marine Propulsion, subclass 106.

Subclass: 365 [Patents]

LIFE CRAFT HANDLING DEVICE, APPARATUS, OR IMPLEMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means for handling life craft aboard ships and also analogous apparatus located on docks and sea walls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
258 for motherships with handling and launching means for small warships and the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
212, Traversing Hoists, for load elevating and shifting means in general especially subclasses 294+, 307+ and 255+ for those having structures analogous or related to those provided for herein.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, for implements for applying a push or pull directly to an object to be moved, particularly subclasses 264+ for cable hauling apparatus.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclasses 1+ for launching in general.
414, Material or Article Handling, for material or article handling in general and see the class definition for a list of classes relating to vehicle loading and unloading. Search especially subclass 137.7 for a ship with means to load or unload cargo from the water and subclass 139.5 for lifting devices for transporting personnel from one marine vessel to another.

Subclass: 366 [Patents]

Moving from storage position to launching position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Means for moving life craft from storage position to launching position wherein the moving apparatus and the launching apparatus are distinct.
(1) Note. All combinations of such conveying with storage and/or with launching are found here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
368 for davit structures which will perform this function with no distinct conveying apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, appropriate subclasses for conveyors in general.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses for power driven conveyors.

Subclass: 367 [Patents]

Means for automatic launch upon sinking of ship:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Device wherein means are provided for enabling an automatic launching of the lifecraft upon the sinking of the lifecraft carrying ship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
381 for chocks and lashings which leave the boat free at all
times to float off upon the sinking of the ship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 24 for buoys adapted on the sinking of a body or vessel to become unseated.

Subclass: 368 [Patents]

Davit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Device comprising booms or cranes projecting over the side of a ship to raise or lower life crafts.
(1) Note. Subcombinations, not claiming the added lowering means but intended for use therewith, are here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
365 for similar devices without added lowering means, i.e., which are so constructed as to place the life craft directly in the water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 569+ and 680+ for similar article handling devices in general.

Subclass: 369 [Patents]

Movably mounted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Device comprising davits in which means cause or permit the davit to be movable so that some part of the davit is moved from a normal, inboard position to an outboard launching position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
212, Traversing Hoists, particularly subclasses 294+, 307+, and 255+ for cranes or similar supports constituting or forming part of a transversing hoist.

Subclass: 370 [Patents]

Compound movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Device comprising a davit or portion thereof which moves about
plural axes.
(1) Note. Multiple pivots are found here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
373 for single or plural davits each of which has a single pivotal motion.

Subclass: 371 [Patents]

Relative arcuate movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Device comprising davits having an arcuate sector on the lower end thereof about which it is rocked on a supporting bed.
(1) Note. Included here are patents wherein the arcuate sector and its supporting bed are provided with mating teeth.

Subclass: 372 [Patents]

Translating and tilting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Device in which the davit moves linearly along a horizontal path and pivots about a horizontal axis so that some part thereof will overhang the water.
(1) Note. Any sequence of bodily movement and tilting as well as simultaneous body movement and tilting are included here.

Subclass: 373 [Patents]

Pivoting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Device comprising a davit which turns about a single axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370 for a davit having a compound pivotal motion about two or more axes.

Subclass: 374 [Patents]

Vertical axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Device comprising a davit in which the axis of the pivot is vertical.

Subclass: 375 [Patents]

Chute or track:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Device comprising apparatus in the form of chutes or tracks for launching life craft from ships.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for combinations of chutes or tracks with conveying of the boat to the chute or track.
368 for combination of chutes or tracks with davits.
375 for tracks which are used only as protectors or guides during launching.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
104, Railways, appropriate subclasses for particular types of tracks.
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, subclasses 2+ for particular types of chutes.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, subclass 2 for similar structures for launching and drydocking boats and ships on shore.

Subclass: 376 [Patents]

Protector for lifecraft during launching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Device comprising means to protect the life craft, ship, or other launching support against damage during launching.
(1) Note. Devices for maintaining a spaced relation between the life craft and the ship during launching are found here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 219+ for analogous devices for maintaining a spaced relation between a dock and a ship, two ships, or a boat and a ship, both of which are water borne.

Subclass: 377 [Patents]

Connector between boat and lowering tackle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Device comprising means for connecting a life craft with lines, hooks, and similar hardware used in lowering the life craft.
(1) Note. Documents herein disclose some additional structure which limits the invention to life craft handling.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc, subclass 598.4 and 698.1+ for hooks and snap hooks, respectively, type projection members of separable fasteners and subclasses 455+ for clasps type projection members of separable fasteners.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 67.1 for hoist line frames which surround a load and/or support it from below; and subclass 82.27 for hooks designed for instantaneous operation for detaching boats from davit lines.

Subclass: 378 [Patents]

Releasing mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Device wherein the connectors have means for breaking the connection between the life craft and the lowering tackle.
(1) Note. A portion of the connector is either attached to the boat or is disclosed as being attachable to the boat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210 for devices for instantaneously releasing anchors, etc.
217 for tension relievers of the coupling type having safety release means.
218 for bitts, cleats, etc., with safety releasing means.
379 for connectors having automatically controlled releasing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, subclass 410 for pulley blocks including means for quickly detaching the block from the object to which it is
attached.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 82.27 for releasing boat hooks, per se, when the hook is attached to the lowering tackle.

Subclass: 379 [Patents]

Automatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Device wherein the release mechanism automatically breaks the connection between the lowering tackle and the life craft upon the life craft contacting water.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 82.24 for releasing hoist line hooks per se and claimed in combination with the load broadly.

Subclass: 380 [Patents]

Simultaneously releasing bow and stern:
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Device in which means are provided to break bow and stern connections both at the same time.

Subclass: 381 [Patents]

CHOCK OR LASHING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising either supports for boats wherein the support is shaped to fit the hull of the boat or some part thereof, means for securing the boat to its support against movement.
(1) Note. Documents herein are limited to use for supporting and securing boats to ship decks, sea walls, docks or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, subclass 499 for miscellaneous lashings.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 68.1 for launching cradles, per se.
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, subclasses 49+ for load binders used with loads on vehicles; and
subclasses 96+ for analogous supports and lashings used on railway cars and for miscellaneous shipping supports.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, for buoys, adapted on the sinking of a body or vessel to become unseated.

Subclass: 382 [Patents]

MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter not provided for in another subclass.


Information Products Division -- Contacts

Questions regarding this report should be directed to:

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231

tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov


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Last Modified: 6 October 2000