U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
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( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 081
TOOLS
Class Definition:
In this class are tools which are not structurally limited to
any classified art.
This class is limited to hand tools, except in the subclasses
noted in Subclass References to the Current Class, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 -3.33, 9.1, 9.51, 15.2, 17+, 52.3+, 52.4+, 54+, for
subclasses in which the subject matter is not limited to hand
tools.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for a hand tool for
assembling or disassembling parts and meeting the criteria
specified in the subclass 700 definition.
30, Cutlery, subclasses 92+ for pipe and rod cutters.
72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 409+ for a plier-type
bending tool, and subclasses 462+ for a metal deforming tool,
per se, not elsewhere classifiable. If assembly is involved,
as in crimping a sleeve on a wire, see Class 29, Metal
Working, subclass 700.
140, Wireworking, subclass 93.2 for a tool for tightening a
wire or band around a stack of items and applying or forming
a fastener or seal to a wire or band.
166, Wells, subclasses 55+ for apparatus for cutting and
perforating well tubing in situ.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for
subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when
such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to
tool driving, but which does not include features limiting
the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific
shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related
tools, or an opposed work support. Only subclass 52.3 of
Class 81 has been cleared as to subject.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, appropriate subclasses for a tool which includes a
force multiplier or energy transducer to apply the pushing or
pulling force. Pliers, clamps, or other hand grippers by
which force is applied directly by the hand are classified in
Class 81.
269, Work Holders, subclasses 3+ for patents to an operator
supported work holder. Class 269 is the residual locus for
patents to a device for clamping, supporting and/or holding
an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or
treated.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, appropriate
subclasses for a hand-held holder for the transportation or
mere handling of an article.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
2
Wrenches combined with pumps or oilers or with both.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
222, Dispensing, for dispensers, per se.
Subclass:
3.05
Devices for extracting a shell, projectile or wad from a gun
barrel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 to 3.49, inclusive, and subclass 302 for other tools
capable of similar work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for pin inserters and
removers.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass
86.4.
Subclass:
3.07
RECEPTACLE CLOSURE REMOVER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools
for removing closures from receptacles, and adjunct to such
removers not provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for pin inserters and
removers; and see subclass 808 for pinpoint extractors and
inserters.
30, Cutlery, subclass 1.5 for a necked receptacle seal
cutter; and subclasses 2 and 400+ for a carton or can
opener.
53, Package Making, subclass 381.1 for a packaging apparatus
having a receptacle opener or flap manipulator.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, subclass 101.1 for
blanks and processes for making receptacle closure remover.
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 37 and
38 for devices for removing primers from cartridges.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 213+ for apparatus
including pattern removing means and subclasses 401+ for
strippers or ejectors.
222, Dispensing, subclasses 81+ for dispensing devices,
including cutter or punch type receptacle opening means.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, appropriate subclasses for pulling and prying devices
of general application.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly
subclass 12, 27, 61, and 86+.
Subclass:
3.08
Having discrete retainer or receptacle for removed closure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Receptacle
closure remover wherein a container or other means is
provided which is distinct from the closure engaging and
removing portion and which is adapted to receive and retain
the closure after it has been removed from the receptacle.
Subclass:
3.09
Combined or plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Tool
comprising either (1) a receptacle closure remover combined
with some other device which is used independently of the
remover, the combination of which is not provided for in
another class, or (2) a plurality of receptacle closure
removers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 151+ for a receptacle closure
remover combined with another type tool.
53, Package Making, subclasses 287+ for apparatus to apply
closures to filled receptacles, and subclasses 381.1+ for
receptacle opening, and see the Notes thereto for the line.
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 28 and
37+ for similar devices used in ammunition loading.
Subclass:
3.15
Attached to receptacle or closure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.09. Receptacle
closure remover which is connected to or combined with the
receptacle or the closure.
(1) Note. The receptacle classes (see Search Notes below)
take the claimed combination of a receptacle or receptacle
closure with a means for removing a closure from that
receptacle. This class take receptacle closure removers, per
se, capable of repeated use and particularly in this
subclass, combinations of a first receptacle with closure
removal structure mounted thereon and operative only for
removing closures from other receptacles where no more
structure of the first receptacle is recited than is required
to constitute or mount the closure remover.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
215, Bottles and Jars, subclass 225 and 295+ for a bottle or
jar closure having means to remove or facilitate removal of
that closure or another closure on the same bottle or jar.
220, Receptacles, subclasses 260+ for closures which
include opening arrangements.
Subclass:
3.2
Receptacle closure removers which are (1) power-driven or (2)
actuated by vacuum or fluid pressure means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
53, Package Making, subclass 381 for machines which position
closed receptacles and remove or shift the receptacle
closure.
Subclass:
3.25
Wall or surface mounted or supported:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Receptacle
closure remover which is mounted upon a wall or other
supporting surface.
(1) Note. Receptacle closure removers peculiarly designed so
as to require mounting for proper operation have been placed
in this subclass or indented subclasses even though not
claimed as wall or surface mounted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.1 for wall mounted devices including means to receive the
receptacle closure.
3.2 for power driven and/or vacuum or fluid pressure
actuated receptacle removers.
Subclass:
3.27
Lever or prying type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Receptacle
closure remover comprising either (1) a rigid element which
transmit a force applied at a first point along its length to
a second point along its length by pivoting about a third
point, whereby the closure or its fastener is forced away
from the receptacle, or (2) a portion adapted to engage a
closure or its fastener and force it away from the receptacle
by a twisting or prying action.
Subclass:
3.29
For engaging receptacle about closure (e.g., socket type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Remover
wherein the receptacle engaging means is applied over the
closure to engage the receptacle circumferentially about the
closure.
Subclass:
3.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers
combined with means to support and/or grasp the receptacle.
(1) Note. Removers having structure which engages the
receptacle during removal of the closure but does not support
or grasp the receptacle are excluded.
(2) Note. This subclass and the indented subclass include
receptacle holding or grasping means, per se, as well as in
combination with closure engaging means.
(3) Note. For can openers having receptacle supports, see
Class 30, Cutlery, subclasses 436, 447 and 448.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses. Class 269 is the
residual locus for patents to a device for clamping,
supporting and/or holding an article (or articles) in
position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder
for other related loci.
Subclass:
3.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.31. Removers
having supporting means extending under the receptacle.
(1) Note. The means may include the surface upon which the
closure remover is mounted.
(2) Note. For hand manipulated closure removers having
receptacle bottom supports, see this class, subclass 3.39.
(3) Note. For receptacle supports in general, see Class 248,
Supports, particularly subclasses 154, 310 and 311.2.
Subclass:
3.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers
including a rotary device for engaging the closure, such as a
cork-screw, and mechanism comprising a gear or lever to
actuate the rotary device, either to rotate it or translate
it, or both.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.31 and 3.32, for similar devices having in addition means
to grasp or support the receptacle.
Subclass:
3.35
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers in
which the element which engages the closure can be moved into
a handle or over the handle, i.e., can be folded, collapsed
or placed into close engagement with the handle.
(1) Note. For sheathed cutlery, see Class 30, Cutlery,
subclasses 151+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclass 118 for combinations of closure
remover and pocket knife.
Subclass:
3.36
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers in
which in addition to the closure engaging part there is means
engaging the receptacle to aid in the closure removing
operation.
(1) Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses,
particularly subclass 3.39, include receptacle engaging
means, per se, as well as in combination with closure
engaging means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.31 and 3.32, for wall or surface mounted closure removers
having receptacle supporting or grasping means.
Subclass:
3.37
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Removers in
which the closure engaging part is given a translating, i.e.,
a linear or substantially linear motion by means including a
gear or lever element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.31 3.32 and 3.33, for wall mounted closure removers having
a lever or gear translated closure remover.
Subclass:
3.39
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Removers in
which the additional receptacle engaging means extends under
the receptacle to support it.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices, per se, intended
to grasp or hold the receptacle as well as the combination
thereof with means to engage the closure to remove it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.32 for wall mounted closure removers having bottom
supports for receptacles.
Subclass:
3.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers not
provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder, (1) having
means to grasp the closure, or (2) comprising means to grasp
the receptacle to hold it during the removal of the closure.
(1) Note. For pliers or tongs of general application see
this class, subclasses 300+.
(2) Note. For grapples in general, see Class 294, Handling:
Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 27.1+ and 86.4+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.31 and 3.32, for wall mounted closure removers having
receptacle grasping means, and subclass 3.39.
3.46 for tong or plier-like devices for prying off
receptacle closures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 222+ for piston ring
contractors for compressing piston rings around a piston and
for contracting single piston rings and holding them
contracted for the reception of a mandrel holder.
Subclass:
3.41
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers,
comprising two or more finger-like members which grip the
receptacle closure by expanding or contracting motion.
(1) Note. For closure removers of similar nature wherein the
members are joined at their ends to form loops, see this
class, subclass 3.34.
Subclass:
3.42
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers in
which at least one closure engaging part reciprocates, i.e.,
has a linear motion, to engage and disengage the closure.
(1) Note. Removers in which the closure engaging parts move
about a pivot in engaging and disengaging the closure, but
can be adjusted to various sizes by linear motion, are
classified in this class, subclass 3.44.
Subclass:
3.43
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers
comprising a deformable strip-like member which is caused to
engage tightly about the closure or receptacle by a means
which tightens or shortens the strip.
(1) Note. See this class, subclass 3.4 for removers having a
strip-like member which is tightened about the closure or
receptacle by manually gripping portions thereof; subclass
3.44, for removers having rigid members which move about a
pivot to engage the receptacle or closure, and subclasses 64+
for flexible wrenches of general application.
(2) Note. For similar grapples of general application, see
Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 33, 99.1 and 100.
Subclass:
3.44
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers having
two or more receptacle engaging portions which are pivotally
connected so that they move about said pivot to engage and
disengage the receptacle or closure.
(1) Note. For pivoted jaw grapples of general application,
see Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 28, 97, 104, and 106 and their indented
subclasses.
Subclass:
3.45
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Removers
including a screw member which pierces the closure.
(1) Note. For wire working processes of making corkscrews,
see Class 140, Wireworking, subclass 86.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.09 3.33, 3.35, 3.37, and 3.38, for the organizations there
provided for, including screw type removers.
Subclass:
3.47
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.46. Removers
having a portion which impales the closure or is inserted in
an opening therein or in a bale or equivalent part on the
closure.
(1) Note. For impaling or inserting type removers having no
levering means, see this class, subclasses 3.48 and 3.49.
Subclass:
3.48
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Removers
including a portion which impales the closure or is inserted
in an opening therein or in a bale or equivalent part on the
closure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.47 for similar closure removers having a levering means
combined therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 164.5 for ice picks.
128, Surgery, subclass 329 for surgical puncturing means.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 61
for spears of general use.
Subclass:
3.49
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.48. Removers
having a part or parts projecting from the side of the
impaling or inserting member or including an abutment or
indentation in the side of said member, which abutment,
indentation, part or parts act against the receptacle closure
to assist removal.
Subclass:
3.5
Special tools for assembling and operating on spectacle
frames and lenses.
Subclass:
3.55
Levering or prying type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Remover
comprising either (1) a rigid element which transmits a force
applied at a first point along it length to a second point
along it length by pivoting about a third point, whereby the
closure or its fastener is forced away from the receptacle or
(2) a portion adapted to engage a closure or its fastener and
force it away from the receptacle by a twisting or prying
action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.27 for a wall or surface mounted or supported remover of
the levering or prying type.
Subclass:
3.56
Having discrete relatively movable portions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55. Remover
including one part which is movably mounted with respect to
another part of the remover for adjustment or actuation of
the remover.
Subclass:
3.57
Having handle, intermediate hook, and end fulcrum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55. Remover
wherein the second point to which the force is transmitted to
remove the closure is located on a reentrant portion located
along the length of the remover between the first point at
which the force is applied and the third point about which
the remover pivots.
Subclass:
3.6
Tools of the plier type coming under the preceding subclass.
Subclass:
3.7
Special tools for spreading leaf springs.
Subclass:
3.8
Special tools for removing or inserting fuses in fuse
blocks.
(1) Note. See this class, subclasses 418+.
(2) Note. See also Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line
Implements, subclass 19.1.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.1 for wrenches comprising pole like handle structures and
peculiarly adapted to engage work at a distance.
Subclass:
4
Devices for clamping articles while being engraved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for devices for holding watch and clock parts.
17 for vises.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses, and see the Notes
thereto for other work holders.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-line Implements, subclass 99.2
for tweezers.
Subclass:
6
Tools having special construction limiting them to
watchmakers' use. Devices for holding watch and clock parts
are here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses and see the Notes
thereto for other work holders.
968, Horology, subclasses 651+ for an alternative search
for U.S. Patents based upon a modification of the European
Patent Office Classification.
Subclass:
7
Tools of special construction for use in setting jewels.
Subclass:
7.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices, for (1)
winding the mainspring of a watch or clock, in situ, or (2)
winding and holding the mainspring and trans-ferring it into
the mainspring-barrel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 54+ for motor driven wrenches.
subclasses 122+ for watch keys.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, subclasses
39+ for spring motors combined with winding means
therefor.
Subclass:
8
Tools of special construction for use in setting ruby-pins or
roller-jewels.
Subclass:
8.1
Includes special tools for inserting, packing, and removing
fibrous and similar packing material into or from a joint,
usually fibrous material around a pipe or tube.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, subclass 224.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 87 for hand manipulable, plural
dimension shaping implement having a material supply means.
Subclass:
9.2
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
adapted to be drawn across the surface of a sheet of material
to produce indicia (e.g., by an indenting or manifolding
operation) on that surface or any underlying surface, without
depositing any coating material on that surface and without
cutting or scratching hat surface.
(1) Note. The implement may be a stencilling tool; i.e., one
which displaces lines of wax coating on a stencil.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclasses 358+ for a perforating or indenting
implement (e.g., scratch awl).
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 18+ for the
combination of an awl or scriber with means to guide the tool
along a predetermined path to form a line.
101, Printing, subclass 26 for a piercing and printing
machine.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclasses 208+
for an implement with material supply, the tool of which
implement is a roller (e.g., ball in indented subclasses
209+) which deposits coating material onto the surface to
which is applied; and subclasses 258+ and 292 for a similar
implement whose tool is a stylus or is stylus-like.
Subclass:
9.21
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
having a work-contacting face portion capable of cutting a
philatelic laminate or coating, and means, including a part
movable in a direction other than that of the tool face
portion, to impart arcuate scraping movement to said face
portion to perform said cutting when positioned over said
laminate or coating.
(1) Note. Additional means to print cancellation indicia on
the stamp will not bar placement of a patent to a stamp
scarifier in this subclass.
Subclass:
9.22
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
including means to puncture a surface and to discharge
pigmentous liquid into the punctures, to perform a writing or
designing operation.
(1) Note. The discharge structure may be integral with, part
of, or separate from the structure for puncturing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclasses 358+, particularly subclasses 366+
for a pointed perforating tool; and see the search notes
thereto.
Subclass:
9.24
TAPPET ADJUSTER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
specifically adapted to adjust the clearance between a tappet
and an adjacent part is the valve train of an internal
combustion engine.
Subclass:
9.26
PLOWSHARE HOLDER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
including means for gripping or accommodating the cutting
blade of a plow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
487 for a hand-held holder, or a tool having a clamp, and
see the search notes thereunder for related loci.
Subclass:
9.3
Implements usually of the plier type, for tightening and
fastening wires, bands, straps, etc., around hose pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
140, Wireworking, subclass 93.2 for implements for
tightening and securing binders around material.
Subclass:
9.4
WIRE STRIPPER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Hand
tool for cutting, crushing, or otherwise removing wire
coverings or sheaths.
(1) Note. A mere hand cutter for wire of insulation is
classified in Class 30 (see Search Note below). Those cutters
classified here have additional means for removing the
insulation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 564.4, 565 and 566+ for an
assembly device (e.g., terminal applier) which includes means
for stripping insulation from wire.
30, Cutlery, subclass 90.1 for a hand manipulatable device
for cutting an elongated strand-encircling sheath. Those
tools having additional means for removing the sheath are
classified in Class 81.
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 22 for
similar structure for cutting and crimping fuse.
Subclass:
9.41
Having relatively movable clamp and blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Tool including
(1) means to cut the covering or sheath, (2) discrete means
to grip the covering or sheath, and (3) means to move or to
permit relative movement between the cutting and gripping
means to remove the covering or sheath from the wire.
Subclass:
9.42
Clamp and blade move relative to supporting structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.41. Tool including
structure on which both the cutting means and the gripping
means are mounted for relative movement to remove the
covering from the sheath.
Subclass:
9.43
Blade moves relative to handle to remove insulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.41. Tool wherein
the cutting means is movably mounted on supporting which
includes a hand engageable portion rigid therewith which is
gripped by the hand while using the tool.
Subclass:
9.44
Pivoted blade:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Tool including
a first part having a cutting edge and which is swingably
attached by a shaft, pin or equivalent structure to a second
part having a cooperating cutting edge or a work back-up
surface.
Subclass:
9.51
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Devices, which
have a fixed base.
(1) Note. Devices for stripping insulated or covered wire
combined with means to further modify or treat the wire
(e.g., intertwist strands or wind wire onto a terminal) in
other than a manner characteristic of Class 140, Wireworking,
are classified in Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+.
Subclass:
10
Tools specially adapted for locking nuts and bolts together
or for applying or removing nut or bolt locking devices.
Subclass:
13
Devices for holding a bolt from movement while a nut is
turned on or off.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55
Subclass:
15.2
This subclass and those indented hereunder are directed to
portable tools having a construction adapting them to one or
more of the operations necessary in repairing resilient
vehicle tires.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
236.01 for scrapers of general cleaning utility, and see the
Notes thereto for miscellaneous scrapers of more specialized
application.
29, Metal Working, subclass 221.5 for tools for assembling
and/or removing valves for pneumatic tires or tubes with or
from the wheel rim.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 95+ for processes for repairing toroidal
articles, and search subclasses 110+ and 394+ as the generic
place for methods and apparatus for building tires.
157, Wheelwright Machines, subclass 1.1 and 11, for tire
setters and removers.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclasses 11+ for a molding or vulcanizing
apparatus arranged to repair or restore an article.
Subclass:
15.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.2. Devices
comprising means for holding tire casings in deformed
position for inspection, repairs or other purposes.
(1) Note. The devices classified herein are mere holders and
are provided with no means adapting them to use in applying
force to spread the tire beads, such spreaders being provided
for in Class 254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying
Pushing or Pulling Force, subclasses 50.1+ or are referred to
in the notes.
(2) Note. The devices classified in this subclass are
implements adapted to be supported by the casing and afford
no support for the tire.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclass 50.1, see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
15.4
Tools for enabling the air to escape from pneumatic tires.
These are mostly tools to depress the inflation valve body.
(1) Note. For combined valve caps and valve manipulating
tools, see Class 152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass
431.
Subclass:
15.5
Tools adapted to apply puncture healing material and insert a
patch.
(1) Note. See definitions of indented subclasses of this
class.
Subclass:
15.6
The tire repair tool is for the purpose of applying puncture
healing material in fluid form to the interior of a pneumatic
tire through a puncture, blowout or aperture in the wall of
the tire, or through the valve stem, whether by way of repair
or originally.
(1) Note. For similar dispensing devices, see Class 222,
Dispensing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses, for machines for
performing similar functions.
Subclass:
15.7
The repair tool is for the purpose of inserting repair plugs
or patches into a tire through a puncture, blowout, or other
aperture in the wall of the tire.
Subclass:
15.8
Tools for application to anti-skid devices to facilitate
their mounting upon or removal from the tire.
(1) Note. For such tools in combination with the anti-skid
device, see Class 152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass
213.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclasses 199+ for detachable implements or
apparatus for tensioning flexible material.
Subclass:
15.9
FOR LOCK OR LATCH:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
specifically adapted for use on either a key aperated
fastening device, or a fastening device comprising mating
mechanical parts formed or attached to respective members to
selectively fix the members in a particular relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 804 for a tool for assembling or
disassembling a tumbler lock.
Subclass:
16
CHUCK KEY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
which is specifically adapted to cooperatively engage a
machine chuck or tool-holding socket and to be manipulated to
cause the chuck or socket to grip or release a workpiece or
tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclasses 147+ for corresponding
chuck or socket structure.
Subclass:
19
DEFORMABLE HEAD MALLET:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
including a head composed of deformable material having a
plurality of impacting surfaces, and a lever arm having an
end adapted to carry the head.
(1) Note. The deformable material may be soft metal,
leather, wood, etc.
Subclass:
20
HAMMER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
including a head having an impacting surface and a lever arm
having an end adapted to carry the head.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for a similar tool having a pliable impacting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 143+ for a compound tool
including a hammer.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclasses 90+ and see the
search notes therein for a device to impact a tool or the
like.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclass 26 for nail extractor combined with a
hammer.
Subclass:
21
Having work protector surrounding face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer having a
member encircling the impacting surface and either protruding
axially from it or covering it.
(1) Note. The member functions to prevent damage to a
workpiece and is usually flexible or yieldable.
Subclass:
22
Having shock absorbing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer including
means to dissipate the reactive force resulting from impact
before it reaches a user.
(1) Note. The means may be recited as being for the
protection and comfort of the user, for assuring the
effectiveness of a driving blow, or for the prevention of
damage to a workpiece.
Subclass:
23
Having nail placer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer including
means adapted to hold a penetrating fastener in a position
for starting it into a workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for a driven fastener holder, pusher or setter, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 213.1 for a valve applier or
remover.
Subclass:
24
Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Hammer wherein
the holding means includes a member possessing a magnetic
field.
Subclass:
25
Having replaceable striking face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer wherein
the impacting surface is on a member which can be removed
from the head, and a substitute installed.
Subclass:
26
Having plural striking faces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer having
more than one impacting surfaces.
Subclass:
27
Rod encircling type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Hammer wherein
the impacting surface includes a slot adapted to receive a
tubular member.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices disclosed for
driving a valve or draw off tube into a barrel.
Subclass:
28
BIT STOCK HAVING MANUAL DRIVE MEANS (E.G., BRACE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices
including a member adapted to mount a bit shaft (usually a
chuck) with the bit extending from the member, and a driving
element projecting transversely from the member and adapted
to receive force applied manually to rotate the bit.
(1) Note. This subclass and its indents include extension
shanks for bits, and subcombinations disclosed with devices
appropriate for inclusion herein.
(2) Note. The driving element may comprise a lever arm to be
engaged manually, or structure adapted to be engaged by
another driven element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 53+ for a tool of this type either claimed with,
or solely disclosed as, a wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
29
Having ratchet mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Device including
a toothed wheel intermediate the bit and the driving element,
and a pawl adapted to engage and drive the wheel.
(1) Note. The mechanism commonly permits the member to be
driven in only one direction although the driving element can
rotate in both directions.
Subclass:
30
Straight crank arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device wherein
the driving element consists of a lever arm extending
perpendicular to the bit.
(1) Note. The lever may be pivoted to the member to be
folded when not in use.
Subclass:
31
Adjustable pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device including
means to selectively change the position or orientation of
the pawl relative to the ratcheting.
(1) Note. The selective change effects a change in an
operating characteristic of the tool, e.g., from left-hand to
right-hand ratcheting.
Subclass:
32
Pivoted pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device wherein
the pawl is adapted to turn about an axis and swings into and
out of engagement with the ratchet.
Subclass:
33
Sliding pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Device wherein
the pawl is adapted to reciprocate along its longitudinal
axis and slides into and out of engagement with the ratchet.
Subclass:
34
Straight stock having side driving gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Device wherein
the member extends linearly in axial alignment with the bit,
and including a driving gear substantially perpendicular to,
and member adapted to rotate the bit about its axis.
Subclass:
35
Having U-shaped crank arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Device wherein
the driving element includes a portion which is offset from
the member forming a "U" shaped crank arm.
Subclass:
36
Speeding gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Device including
a gear train intermediate the crank arm and the bit, wherein
one revolution of the U-crank will produce more than one
revolution of the bit.
Subclass:
37
Bit shaft inclined relative to crank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Device wherein
the bit is out of alignment with the driving elements axis or
rotation.
Subclass:
44
HOLDER, PUSHER, OR SETTER FOR DRIVEN-TYPE FASTENER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
adapted to contact a penetrating fastener having a head (e.g.
a nail, tack, etc.) and to either (a) support the fastener
relative to a workpiece before being driven into the
workpiece; (b) hold the fastener, receive and transmit to the
fastener, a manually applied force to drive the fastener into
the workpiece; or (c) receive an impact to set the head of
the fastener below the surface of the workpiece.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, the penetrating
fastener is considered to be the specific article worked
upon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 23+ for the combination of a driving tool and a
device formed in, or secured on, the tool for holding a
penetrating fastener.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 275+ for a hand manipulable
assembly tool adapted to be applied to a metal workpiece, and
to receive an impact from an outside source and transmit the
impact to the workpiece.
Subclass:
45
SHINGLE TOOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
adapted to apply or remove roof or wall shingles.
Subclass:
46
WOODEN FLOORING TOOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
adapted to either apply boards to, or remove boards from a
floor.
Subclass:
52
WRENCH, SCREWDRIVER, OR DRIVER THEREFOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
for engaging a work part and exerting or transmitting a
twisting strain thereto, or means for imparting or
transmitting an actuating force to such a tool.
(1) Note. A hand tool for rotating a lever by merely pulling
or pushing the tool along its length is excluded. To be
properly classified here, the work engaging portion of a hand
tool must move other than rectilinearly.
(2) Note. This subclass is the residual locus for tools
which impart a twisting strain to the work and are not
provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.07 for a tool for grasping and removing a receptacle
closure.
subclasses 463+ for impact delivering wrenches.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 120+ for a wrench particularly adapted to rotate
a cutting tool of that class.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, subclass 61 for devices peculiarly adapted for
rotating a tap, other than provided for in Class 408.
Subclass:
53.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrenches or
screwdriver comprising pole like handle structures peculiarly
adapted for engaging work at a distance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.8 for devices including a pole structure provided with
means for inserting or removing a fuse in a fuse box.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
49, Movable or Removable Closures, subclass 461 for a
fixture on a window type closure adapted to be engaged by a
pole.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 19.1
for pole like structures adapted for handling articles at a
distance.
Subclass:
53.11
Globe manipulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Wrenches for
placing or removing electric light bulbs.
Subclass:
53.12
Rotatable grasper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.11. Wrenches
having means, other than a mere torque applied manually to
the handle, for rotating the object grasped.
(1) Note. Included herein are devices such as gear, belts,
etc., which rotate the light bulb about its axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-line Implements, subclass 6
for plate turners and subclass 8 for pancake turners.
Subclass:
53.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrench or
screwdriver, especially adapted to extract or drive headless
stud bolts.
Subclass:
54
Wrench or screwdriver having a casing or framework which
carries moving mechanical elements, but does not itself move
during the operation of the wrench or screwdriver.
(1) Note. A tool which does not claim any machine structure
in detail other than (a) the work-engaging and
strain-exerting portion of the tool, or (b) structure which
grips or guides the rotatable work when a turning or twisting
strain is exerted on the work by the tool, is not considered
a machine and is classified on details of the work-engaging
and strain-exerting portion in other subclasses under Class
81, subclass 53.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a
means to drive or impact a tool, and particularly subclass
164 for a means to drive a tool about an axis including
means to hold and relatively rotate sections of a tool
shaft.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
appropriate subclasses especially subclasses 62+ and 129+
for drilling machines which feed the work or tool along the
axis of the tool during operation.
Subclass:
55
The wrench or screwdriver has a device or part which prevents
the movement of the bolt while the nut is being turned on or
off.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 240+ for means assembling
parts by relative rotation.
Subclass:
56
The bolt-holding wrench or screwdriver is operated by
gearing.
(1) Note. Where the novelty lies in the gearing, search
should be made in this class, subclass 57.
Subclass:
57
The wrench or screwdriver is operated by gearing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56
Subclass:
57.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with motor means designed to impart
motion to the wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
57.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.11. Wrench or
screwdriver having an angular relationship between the
handle, or like drive means, and the work engaging means,
said angle being either acute or obtuse.
Subclass:
57.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.11. Wrench or
screwdriver having an angular relationship between the
handle, or like drive means, and the work engaging means,
said relationship being a right angle.
Subclass:
57.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.11. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the handle, or like drive means, is in a
parallel relationship with respect to the work engaging
means.
Subclass:
57.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrenches wherein
the jaws are specially adapted for grasping or clutching
round work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
120 for rigid jaws specially adapted for round work.
Subclass:
57.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
combined with means to support or grasp the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.31 for wall or surface mounted receptacle closure removers
with means to support or grasp the receptacle.
3.36 for hand manipulated receptacle closure removers with
means to support or grasp the receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for residual
devices for clamping, supporting or holding an article in
position to be operated on or treated.
Subclass:
57.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
provided with a flexible gripping device to surround wholly
or partly the work being manipulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.43 for flexible jaws specially adapted for removing
receptacle closures.
subclasses 64+ for other wrenches having flexible jaws.
Subclass:
57.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
including camming means connected to at least one jaw to
effect movement thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 for other wrenches having a cam operated sliding jaw.
Subclass:
57.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
having a fluid force acting upon at least one jaw to effect
movement thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for plier type tool including hydraulic features.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for expansible chamber type motors, per se.
Subclass:
57.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
wherein at least one jaw is pivoted and swings or rocks to
grip or engage the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.1 for other wrenches having multiple pivoted jaws.
92 for other wrenches having pivoted inner jaws.
subclasses 98+ for other wrenches having pivoted outer
jaws.
111 for other wrenches having pivoted side jaws.
Subclass:
57.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.15. Wrenches
having at least one sliding jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 126+ for other wrenches having sliding jaws.
Subclass:
57.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver comprising more than one drive means to actuate a
single workpiece, a single drive means to actuate plural
workpieces, or more than one drive means to actuate a
plurality of workpieces.
Subclass:
57.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.22. Wrench or
screwdriver comprising a magazine type holder for nuts or
bolts.
Subclass:
57.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with support means therefor.
Subclass:
57.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.24. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the support is a vehicle.
Subclass:
57.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver having means to change the angle between the
handle or drive means and the work engaging part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.8 for angularly adjustable handles.
Subclass:
57.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.26. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the means to change the angles between
the handle or drive means and the work engaging means is a
flexible shaft.
Subclass:
57.28
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver having an angular relationship between the handle
or drive means and the work engaging means, said angle being
either acute or obtuse.
Subclass:
57.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver having an angular relationship between the handle
or drive means, and the work engaging means said relationship
being a right angle.
Subclass:
57.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the handle or drive means is in a
parallel relationship with respect to the work engaging
means.
Subclass:
57.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the drive means and the driven means are
on a common axis.
Subclass:
57.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver comprising interrelated plural drives and plural
work engaging means or a single drive having plural work
engaging means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for double ended, simultaneous adjustable wrenches.
Subclass:
57.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrenches wherein
the jaws are specially adapted for grasping or clutching
round work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.15 for gear operated wrenches specially adapted for round
work.
Subclass:
57.34
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.33. Wrenches
combined with ancillary means to support or grasp the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.16 for gear operated wrenches combined with ancillary
means to support or grasp the work.
Subclass:
57.35
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.33. Wrenches
provided with support means therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.24 for gear operated wrenches provided with support
means.
Subclass:
57.36
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with plural work engaging means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.22 for gear operated wrench or screwdriver having
multiple work engaging means.
Subclass:
57.37
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with either (a) means to feed pieces of
work to the work-engaging and strain-exerting portion of the
wrench or screwdriver, or (b) magazine means for holding and
storing pieces of work which are to be fed to the
work-engaging and strain-exerting portion of the wrench or
screwdriver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.23 for gear operated wrenches having magazine means.
Subclass:
57.38
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with means to apply a predetermined
tension to the work.
Subclass:
57.39
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver comprising a clutching element so arranged that
the movement of the wrench handle in one direction will drive
the work engaging means while movement in the opposite
direction permits relative movement between the handle and
work engaging means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
60 for ratchet wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
57.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with support means therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.24 for gear operated wrench or screwdriver having support
means.
Subclass:
57.41
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.4. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the support is a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.25 for vehicle supported gear operated wrench or
screwdriver.
Subclass:
57.42
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the work driving means is in a direct
line with respect to the force applying means.
Subclass:
57.43
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.42. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the drive means is a flexible shaft.
Subclass:
57.44
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.42. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the drive means is motivated by a fluid
force.
Subclass:
57.45
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.42. Wrench or
screwdriver having an angular relationship between the handle
or drive means and the work engaging means, said angle being
either acute or obtuse.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.28 for gear operated wrench or screwdriver having an
oblique angle.
Subclass:
57.46
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.42. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the drive means is in a tangential
relationship relative to the work engaging means.
Subclass:
57.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrenches having
a plurality of alternately usable work engaging sockets of
paired jaws movably mounted on an operating handle, with
means to fasten a selected pair of jaws or sockets in
operating position with respect to the handle.
Subclass:
58
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the head or driven part is rotatable
through 360o or more with respect to the handle or driving
part, there being inter-engaging means on the handle and head
to permit intermittent or continuous driving engagement
between the head and handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for bit stocks provided with ratchet
mechanism for driving the bit.
177.7 for wrenches wherein the handle is adjustable with
respect to the head, the adjustment being less than 360o.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 126+ for
oscillating to intermittent unidirectional intermittent grip
type mechanical movements, and subclasses 144+ for grip
units, per se.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclasses 30+ for
clutches, per se.
Subclass:
58.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver having means for imparting rotation to the head
other than by a translating movement of the handle with
respect to the work piece engaged by the head.
(1) Note. The means for imparting rotation may consist
merely of a modification of the head, as by an extended or
enlarged or roughened portion adapted to be manually gripped
and actuated, provided only that such actuation be
specifically disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for machine wrench or screwdriver wherein the casing
constitutes a handle which does not itself move to provide a
clutching engagement with the head.
Subclass:
58.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrenches wherein
the head has a slot extending from the center outwardly
through the outer periphery to permit the use of the head as
an "open end" wrench.
(1) Note. There may be included means functioning to close
the slot to complete the circular or other configuration of
the head.
Subclass:
58.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the driving and driven parts themselves
or elements associated therewith are mounted for relative
movement parallel to the axis of rotation of the head or
driven part and are provided with clutching means whereby
such relative movement will engage and/or disengage the
clutching means.
Subclass:
58.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the interengaging means when engaged
rigidly connect the two parts to provide for positively
driving the head in either or both directions of rotation.
Subclass:
58.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the handle extends generally radially
from the axis of rotation of the head and is pivoted or
mounted to rotate eccentrically thereof whereby motion of the
handle in one direction about its pivot will cause clutching
or driving engagement with the head, motion in the opposite
direction releasing the engagement.
(1) Note. In some instances movement of the handle to
extreme positions in each direction will effect driving
engagement in that direction there being a neutral position
approximately midway between the extreme position wherein the
driving engagement is disabled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for wrenches or screwdrivers having two handle portions,
one being movable relative to the other, arranged to be
gripped by the hand and squeezed together to thereby
drivingly engage the head.
Subclass:
59.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the clutching elements include ball or
roller devices arranged between two surfaces so shaped or
otherwise related to each other as to wedge the ball or
roller therebetween in one direction of movement of the
handle with respect to the head to effect driving engagement
between the handle and head.
Subclass:
60
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the clutching elements include a catch,
dog, pawl or similar detent means, so arranged that movement
of the handle in one direction will drive the head while
movement in the opposite direction permits relative rotation
of the head and handle.
(1) Note. These wrenches or screwdrivers are commonly known
as "ratchet" wrenches or screwdrivers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 29+ for a bit stock provided with ratchet
mechanism for driving the bit.
58.4 for wrench or screwdriver wherein a detent-type clutch
is positively engaged for driving in both directions of
movement of the handle.
59.1 for wrench or screwdriver wherein a ball or roller is
wedged between two surfaces to effect driving engagement
between the handle and head.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 120+ for a ratchet wrench particularly adapted
to drive a tool in that class manner.
Subclass:
61
A pawl pivoted to the driving device engages the
ratchet-teeth of the head.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 120+ for a ratchet wrench particularly adapted
to drive a tool in that class manner.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, subclasses 183+ for a rachet wrench particularly
adapted to drive a tool for cutting screw threads, except in
the manner of cutting provided in Class 408.
Subclass:
62
The direction of rotation of the ratchet-head is reversible.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass
122 and 123 for a ratchet wrench particularly adapted to
drive a tool in that class manner, wherein the ratchet is
reversible.
Subclass:
63
A single pawl controls the direction of revolution.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass
122 and 123 for a ratchet wrench particularly adapted to
drive a tool in that class manner, wherein the ratchet is
reversible.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, subclasses 183+ for a rachet wrench particularly
adapted to drive a tool for the cutting of screw threads,
except in the manner provided for in Class 408.
Subclass:
63.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with means whereby the direction of
driving can be selectively reversed.
Subclass:
63.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 63.1. Wrench or
screwdriver having a single pawl, the effect of which can be
controlled to provide for selective reversing of the drive.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for reversing one-way detent drive wrenches where the
pawl is pivoted.
Subclass:
64
The object turned is surrounded wholly or partly by a
flexible gripping device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.4 and 3.43, see subclass 57.17 for gear operated machine
wrenches with flexible gripping means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 120+ for a flexible gripping device used to
transmit torque to a ratchet wrench particularly adapted to
cut in that class manner.
Subclass:
65
The flexible device is adjusted to the size of the work by a
screw-threaded device.
Subclass:
65.2
Link:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Tool wherein the
flexible device includes more than two articulated rigid
elements, pivotally connected together in end-to-end fashion
to form a flexible chain of work-gripping elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90.3 for a tool having three end-to-end connected jaws which
are pivotally connected to a handle-lever, but which
collectively do not form a "flexible gripping device" as
required for subclass 65.2.
Subclass:
65.4
Toothed adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.2. Wrench
including a plurality of serially arranged projections and
recesses which are adapted to be selectively engaged with
cooperating structure to vary the effective length of the
flexible gripping device.
(1) Note. There must be provided either "Projections" or
"recesses" which are in addition to the pivot pins and
interstices normally provided in the chain links.
Subclass:
68
A jaw on the handle engages the work.
(1) Note. If a pivoted jaw is a link of a chain it is
classified herein not in Flexible, link, handle-jaw, pivoted,
this class.
Subclass:
69
A pivoted jaw carried by the handle engages the work, the
said jaw not being a link of the chain.
(1) Note. If the jaw is a link of the chain it is classified
in this class, subclass 68.
Subclass:
70
The handle-jaw has two faces, either of which may engage the
work according to the direction the chain is passed about
it.
Subclass:
73
The operating part has a U-shaped arm similar to the common
bit-stock.
Subclass:
74
Wrenches attached to and driven by wheels to turn nuts on or
off from axles.
Subclass:
75
The wrench grips the rim of the wheel-hub to rotate the
wrench and wheel together.
Subclass:
76
The wrench grips the interior of the hub-rim.
Subclass:
77
The wrench has at each end jaws which are adjusted at the
same time.
Subclass:
90.1
Plural pivoted jaws and handle-lever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Wrench including
a plurality of discrete work-gripping elements which are
swingable connected to a rigid elongated hand engageable
portion, wherein the elements are caused to grip the work by
a levering action through the hand engageable portion.
Subclass:
90.2
Cam or gear operated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Wrench wherein
the handle-lever moves a jaw through intermediate structure
which comprises either (1) and interdigitated surface to
transmit motion from the handle-lever to the jaw, or (2) a
eccentric surface or pin carried by the handle-lever or by a
member caused to pivot by the handle-lever and which bears
against a jaw carrying member.
Subclass:
90.3
Jaws enclose work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Tool wherein
the work-gripping elements are serially connected to one
another to form a closed loop around the periphery of the
work.
(1) Note. The "closed loop" may be defined by jaw supporting
or actuating structure in addition to jaw structure, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.2 for wrench having a flexible work-gripping band
comprised of a plurality of pivoted links.
Subclass:
90.4
Including latch to connect jaw to handle-lever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.3. Tool wherein
cooperating structure is provided on both the elongated hand
engageable portion and the last of the series of
work-gripping elements for releasably connecting them
together to form the closed loop.
Subclass:
90.5
At least three jaws enclose work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.4. Tool including
three or more serially arranged work-gripping elements which
form the closed loop.
Subclass:
90.6
Including latch to connect pivoted jaws:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.3. Tool wherein
cooperating structure is provided on each of two adjacent
work-gripping elements for releasably connecting the elements
together to form the closed loop.
Subclass:
90.7
At least three jaws enclose work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.6. Tool including
three or more serially arranged work-gripping elements which
form the closed loop.
Subclass:
90.8
Two jaw pairs connected by latch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.7. Tool wherein
the two work-gripping elements releasably connected together
are each pivotally connected to third and fourth
work-gripping elements, respectively, and the third and
fourth elements are also pivotally connected to the
handle-lever to complete the closed loop.
Subclass:
90.9
Including means to adjust or to secure jaw in adjusted
position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Tool wherein
means are provided which either moves or fixes one
work-gripping element relative to the handle-lever or another
work-engaging element whereby different size work may be
accommodated.
Subclass:
91.1
Slidable pivot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Tool wherein
the connecting structure which permits swinging movement of a
work-gripping element additionally allows translational
movement of the work-gripping element additionally allows
translational movement or that work-gripping element with
respect to either the handle-lever or another work-gripping
element, whereby the pivotal axis may be shifted laterally.
Subclass:
91.2
First jaw pivoted directly to handle and to second jaw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Tool
comprising two work-gripping elements, a first being
connected directly to the elongated hand engageable portion
for swinging movement about a first axis, the second
work-gripping element being connected directly to the first
work-gripping for swinging about an axis spaced from the
first axis.
Subclass:
91.3
Two jaws pivoted directly to intermediate member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Tool including
an additional discrete element which is connected to the hand
engageable portion and to which each of two work-gripping
elements is swingably connected.
Subclass:
92
The inner jaw (the one nearest the hand) is pivoted and
swings or rocks to grip or engage the work.
Subclass:
93
The inner jaw rocks or swings upon a nut or screw as its
fulcrum.
Subclass:
94
The inner jaw has a pin as its fulcrum.
Subclass:
95
The pin-fulcrumed inner jaw is a disk or roller.
Subclass:
96
The roller or disk-shaped jaw is toothed and travels on a
rack on the handle.
Subclass:
97
The pin-fulcrumed inner jaw is pressed by a spring. Wrenches,
pivoted outer jaw, the outer jaw (the one at the end of the
handle or the one farthest from the hand) is pivoted or
swings as on a pivot. Wrenches, Pivoted outer jaw,
fixed-fulcrum. The fulcrum on which the jaw swings does not
travel relatively to either the fixed jaw or the parts which
it connects.
Subclass:
98
The outer jaw does not travel longitudinally or in a
substantially right line to adjust itself to the size of the
work.
Subclass:
99
The outer jaw is pressed by a spring.
Subclass:
100
The outer jaw travels longitudinally or in a substantially
right line to adjust itself to different sizes of work.
Subclass:
101
The outer jaw swings or rocks on the adjusting-nut as a
fulcrum.
Subclass:
102
The outer jaw is carried by a rocking sleeve.
Subclass:
103
The rocking sleeve is spring-pressed.
Subclass:
104
The sleeve is a washer on which the nut is seated and on
which the outer jaw rocks.
Subclass:
105
The sleeve wholly or partly incloses the adjusting-nut.
Subclass:
106
The fulcrum-point of the outer jaw travels relatively to
either the fixed jaw or the parts which it connects.
Subclass:
107
The fulcrum is adjusted by a nut or screw working on a
threaded handle-bar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
174
Subclass:
108
The fulcrum is adjusted by the axial rotation of a threaded
handle-bar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164
Subclass:
109
The fulcrum is adjustable in a slot in the shank of the fixed
jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 411+ for jaw adjustment means including a
slotted guide.
Subclass:
110
The fulcrum of the outer jaw is a tooth which is adjustable
along teeth or notches on the shank of the fixed jaw.
Subclass:
111
One or both jaws swing sidewise of the handle to close upon
the work, the meeting plane of the jaws, or the opening
between the jaws when in their normal closed condition, lying
on opposite sides of the central longitudinal line of the
handle or of a line parallel thereto.
Subclass:
112
The relative movement of the jaws and the handle-body or of
the jaws and the jaw-actuating device is along lines neither
parallel nor perpendicular to the axis of the handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 331+ particularly subclass 333 for jaw locking
means similar to structure classified herein (112).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclass 36, 37, 47 to 54, inclusive,
indented under subclasses 46.1+, 57, 58, and 69, to 75,
inclusive, indented under Socket type, Radially reciprocating
jaws, Moving-cam actuator.
Subclass:
113
The jaws are drawn back into a beveled sleeve type socket or
are thrust forward into a conical sleeve type cap by a
axially-moving nut or screw.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclasses 60+ for socket type
chucks or sockets having obliquely guided reciprocating jaws,
and particularly subclass 63 where the operating member is a
threaded cone and the jaws have mating threads.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Wrenches in
which the sleeve type socket is interiorly threaded to form
the axially moving nut.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, generally.
Subclass:
115
The jaws are closed by an unthreaded ring or collar, which
embraces the jaws and cams them toward each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, generally.
Subclass:
116
One or both of the jaws are closed by a part which slides
between the jaws or between the jaw and another part,
producing a wedge-like action.
Subclass:
117
One or both of the jaws are closed by means of links which
cause one or both of the jaws to travel longitudinally and
inwardly.
Subclass:
118
The jaws are closed by a screw located transversely of the
axis of the tool.
Subclass:
119
The jaws or work-engaging parts have no relative movement.
Subclass:
120
The jaws are specially adapted for grasping or clutching
round work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.15 for gear operated machine wrenches specially adapted
for round work.
57.33 for machine wrenches specially adapted for round
work.
Subclass:
121.1
Enclosed (e.g., socket):
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Tool wherein
the jaws comprise enclosing walls which form and opening
adapted to receive a nut or the like.
(1) Note. To be considered "enclosing wall" either of the
following must apply: (1) the walls of the wrench surround a
nut or the like to the extent that the wrench cannot by
withdrawn laterally, or (2) the walls of the wrench surround
at least 180 degrees of the circumference of a nut or the
like.
Subclass:
122
Socketed tools for winding watches or clocks.
Subclass:
123
The watch or clock keys have means for excluding dust from
the sockets.
Subclass:
124.1
Having devices for ejecting nuts from the enclosing socket.
Subclass:
124.2
Slotted socket:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121.1. Tool wherein
the enclosing walls are slit along the length thereof.
(1) Note. A wrench is considered to be a "slotted socket"
rather than an "open end" wrench (classifiable in subclass
119) if either of the following apply: (1) the walls of the
wrench surround a nut of the like to the extent that the
wrench cannot be withdrawn laterally, or (2) the walls of the
wrench surround at least 180 degrees of the circumference of
a nut of the like, and also a substantial portion of an end
face.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclass 42, 43 and 43.1+ for a tool
or work-holding socket of similar structure.
Subclass:
124.3
Through socket and perpendicular handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121.1. Tool wherein
the opening extends completely through the tool and an
elongated hand engagable member is attached to the enclosing
walls such that the axis of the hand engagable member and the
axis of the opening are orthogonal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclasses 95+ for a bottomless
chuck or socket, per se, for holding a tool bit or work
part.
Subclass:
124.4
Plural sockets:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121.1. Tool
including a second discrete work engaging portion which
comprises enclosing walls forming an opening adapted to
receive a nut or the like.
Subclass:
124.5
Slidably or pivotally connected to handle or to each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124.4. Tool wherein
the two discrete work engaging portions are attached to a
hand engagable portion or to each other by connecting
structure which either (1) allows guided translational
movement between the two attached portions or (2) allows
relative swinging movement of the two attached portions.
Subclass:
124.6
Having axial opening for removable handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121.1. Tool
including a second opening, or a continuation of the nut
receiving opening, which extends from the end opposite the
nut receiving opening and along the same axis, and which is
adapted to detachably receive a hand engagable member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.85 for a handle or shank, per se, provided with socket
mounting structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, subclasses 76+ for a tool or
work-holding socket having a side detent.
Subclass:
124.7
Having perpendicular handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121.1. Tool
including an elongated hand engagable portion attached to the
work engaging portion such that the longitudinal axis of the
hand engagable portion and the axis through the nut receiving
opening are orthogonal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for a bit stock having a perpendicular handle and ratchet
mechanism, and which may be used to drive a socket type
tool.
Subclass:
125
The socket has means for holding a nut from dropping out.
Subclass:
125.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Wrenches having
rigid jaws at each end of the handle or like drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for double ended wrenches whereby the jaws at each end
thereof are simultaneously adjustable.
Subclass:
126
The actuation of a handle-lever causes a sliding jaw to grip
the work. A pull on the handle closes the jaws.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 125+.
Subclass:
127
The actuating-lever has a claw or tooth which claws or forces
the sliding jaw to its work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 359+ for sliding jaw tools actuated by
claw-lever and rack means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 125+.
Subclass:
128
A cam is actuated to operate a sliding jaw or cooperates with
said jaw to produce a sliding movement thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
26
57.18 for machine wrenches provided with cam operated jaws.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrenches having
one or more sliding jaws.
Subclass:
129.5
Rack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Tool wherein a
rack is provided for fixing or adjusting one jaw relative to
another.
Subclass:
131
The jaws are carried by handles which interlock.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for means to hold jaws of a plural-handle wrench in
position.
Subclass:
132
The jaws are locked by means of a set screw or nut which
locks together the rack and its interlocking part.
Subclass:
133
A pinion which travels on a rack on the shank is locked so as
to prevent movement of the pinion carrier.
Subclass:
134
A pivoted device or a device moving as if on a pivot
interlocks with a rack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30
Subclass:
135
The catch does not travel with the traveling-jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30
Subclass:
136
The nontraveling catch has its pivot between its locking end
and its operating part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 and 140.
Subclass:
137
The catch has its pivot or axis of movement lying
longitudinally of the handle. It swings transversely of the
interlocked rack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 159, 160, and 161.
Subclass:
138
The catch is forced by a cam into locking engagement with the
rack.
Subclass:
139
The catch is operated by a part not rigidly attached
thereto.
Subclass:
140
The catch moves on a pivot located between its locking end
and its operating part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136
Subclass:
141
A cam engages the shank and draws the rack and the teeth of
its cooperating member together.
Subclass:
142
A sliding catch interlocks with the rack of the sliding
part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31
Subclass:
143
A cam holds the catch in engagement with the rack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31
Subclass:
144
A screw or nut holds the catch in engagement with the rack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31
Subclass:
145
A spring forces the catch into engagement with the rack.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31
Subclass:
146
A spring presses the teeth of a jaw carrying frame into
engagement with teeth on the shank of the other jaw.
(1) Note. This subclass includes only those jaw-frames whose
teeth are not integral therewith.
Subclass:
147
The frame and the teeth are integral.
Subclass:
148
A wedge forces the teeth of one part into locking engagement
with the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154
Subclass:
149
A special part not rigidly attached to the wedge moves the
latter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154
Subclass:
150
The traveling jaw is locked to the shank by a gripping or
clamping action.
Subclass:
151
The traveling jaw moves sidewise of the shank, the plane of
the meeting faces of the jaws lying on opposite sides of the
longitudinal axis of the handle or of a line parallel
thereto.
Subclass:
152
A yoke or ring-like device has a portion which grips or bites
the shank to lock the traveling jaw.
Subclass:
153
The traveling jaw is locked by gripping or clutching action
of a roller upon the shank.
Subclass:
154
The traveling jaw is locked to the shank by one or more
inclines.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 and 149.
Subclass:
155
The sliding part is adjusted by means of a threaded device.
Subclass:
156
The nut is made of sections which move away from the screw or
of a single section which partially surrounds the screw and
moves away from the screw in order to make a quick
adjustment.
Subclass:
157
The nut or screw is separated bodily from its cooperating
member to provide a quick adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 and 137.
Subclass:
158
The screw is carried by the traveling jaw and is moved away
from its cooperating member which is a rack on the shank, to
provide a quick adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 and 176.
Subclass:
159
A portion of the threads are removed from cooperating parts,
so that by registering there-moved portion of one part with
the full portion of the other a quick adjustment is
provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37
Subclass:
160
An interiorly-threaded device is operated to lock and advance
the jaw at the time of locking.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 and 137.
Subclass:
161
The nut is secured to the traveling jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 and 137.
Subclass:
162
An externally-threaded device secured to the traveling jaw is
operated in connection with rack-like threads on the shank of
the fixed jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 and 176.
Subclass:
163
The sliding part or parts are adjusted by the actuation of a
device having right and left threads.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Wrenches in
which a rotatable handgrip is provided with or connected to
an exteriorly threaded portion, which portion is threadedly
connected to the sliding jaw whereby rotation of the handgrip
causes the threads to advance or retract a jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for wrenches provided with rotatable handgrips for
adjusting a pivoted jaw.
subclasses 168+ for handles provided with an interiorly
threaded nut element which engages a threaded rod so that
rotation of the handle causes the threads to advance or
retract a sliding jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclasses 93+.
Subclass:
165
The sliding jaw has a movement transverse of the shank
supporting it. Wrenches, Sliding adjustments, Thread,
Nontraveling rotatable nut. An interiorly-threaded device
having no travel is operated to adjust the sliding part.
Subclass:
166
The actuating-nut is seated between the jaws and the end of
the handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168
Subclass:
167
The outer jaw is adjusted by the actuation of a nut between
jaws and the end of the handle.
(1) Note. Where the nut is used as the fulcrum of a swinging
outer jaw, see this class, subclass 101.
(2) Note. Where the nut is carried on a rocking washer, see
this class, subclass 104.
(3) Note. Where the nut is carried in a rocking sleeve which
guides an outer jaw, see this class, subclass 105.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169
Subclass:
168
The actuating nut is seated at the end of the handle.
(1) Note. Where the nut is used as the fulcrum of a swinging
outer jaw, see this class, subclass 101.
(2) Note. Where the nut is carried on a rocking washer, see
this class, subclass 104.
(3) Note. Where the nut is carried on a rocking sleeve which
guides an outer jaw, see this class, subclass 105.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166
Subclass:
169
The outer jaw is adjusted by the actuation of a nut at the
end of the handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167
Subclass:
170
An exteriorly-threaded device having no longitudinal movement
is actuated to adjust the sliding part.
Subclass:
171
The screw has its bearing in or on a bracket, usually on or a
part of the upper end of the handle proper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 where the screw is used as the fulcrum of an inner jaw.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Wrenches, in
which the exteriorly threaded member comprises a shaft
portion having a spiral groove which is engaged by a
projection on a slidable actuator, the actuator being
manually reciprocated in a path parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the handle to rotate said threaded member.
(1) Note. The actuator may form the slidable jaw.
Subclass:
173
An interiorly-threaded device carried by the sliding part is
actuated to secure an adjustment.
Subclass:
174
The actuating-nut cooperates with threads upon the
handle-bar.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 where the nut is used as the fulcrum of an inner jaw.
107 and the notes thereto.
Subclass:
175
An exteriorly-threaded device travels longitudinally to make
an adjustment.
Subclass:
176
The actuating screw travels with the sliding part and
cooperates with rack-like threads upon the shank.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152 and 162.
Subclass:
176.1
Spanner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Wrench including
two spaced work engaging portions, one of which comprises a
projection or recess which is adapted to engage a cooperating
recess or projection, respectively, on the peripheral or an
end face of the work.
(1) Note. The flats and corners of a common bolt head or nut
are not considered to be "projections or recesses" as
required by this definition.
(2) Note. Tools provided with two spaced projections which
are adapted to be inserted into corresponding recesses
specifically provided in the end face of the work are
provided for above in subclasses 461+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
461 for a screwdriver or wrench having plural spaced
projections provided on engagement with a corresponding
recess provided in an end face of the work and for applying a
torque thereto.
Subclass:
176.15
Having means to engage work axially:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Wrench
wherein the work engaging projection or recess extends along
the axis about which the twisting strain is applied to the
work.
Subclass:
176.2
And means to engage peripheral face of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.15. Tool wherein
the other of the two spaced work engaging portions is adapted
to engage the outer periphery of the work.
Subclass:
176.3
Having relatively movable jaws:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Tool wherein
the two spaced work engaging portions are connected to each
other by structure which permits one to pivot or translate
relative to the other.
Subclass:
177.1
Handle or shank:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Tool wherein
significance is attributed either to a portion adapted to be
engaged by the hand or to an elongated portion which connects
a handle to the work engaging portion of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 489+ the generic locus for tool handles which
are not disclosed for use with a particular type of hand
tool, and see the search notes thereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 110.1 for other
miscellaneous handle structure.
Subclass:
177.2
Extensible handle or handle extension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool
comprising either (1) a hand engageable portion which is
elongatable or is slidably retractable, or (2) a selectively
attachable auxiliary hand engageable portion.
(1) Note. The tool must be usable when the handle is
unextended (part 1), or with the auxiliary portion unattached
(part 2).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.6 for a handle which is collapsible or foldable to a
nonuse configuration.
Subclass:
177.3
Having finger opening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool
including structure which forms a passageway adapted to
accommodate a finger of the user therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
224, Package and Article Carriers, subclass 217 for an
article carrier attached to the finger.
Subclass:
177.4
Having means to store parts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool wherein
either a compartment or other means is provided on the hand
engageable portion or the elongated connecting portion to
retain other parts of the tool in a position of nonuse.
Subclass:
177.5
Having terminal cross arm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool wherein
the elongated hand engageable portion is connected
transversely to the elongated connecting portion at the
distal end of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.3 and 124.7, for a socket provided with a handle
comprising a terminal cross arm.
Subclass:
177.6
Foldable or flexible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool wherein
the handle or shank either (1) is comprised of swingably
connected sections collapsible to a nonuse configuration, or
(2) comprises an elastically deformably member whereby the
handle or shank may be flexed in a direction transverse to
its length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for a bit stock having a foldable handle.
177.2 for an extensible handle usable in both the extended
and collapsed configuration.
Subclass:
177.7
Having pivoted handle section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool
including a hand engageable portion which is swingably
attached to an adjacent portion that includes or is adapted
to mount the work engaging portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.6 for a handle or shank which is foldable to a nonuse
configuration.
450 for a screwdriver or allen wrench adapted to pivot or
swivel with respect to the longitudinal axis of the handle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 52+ for a pivotal
connection between sections of a nominally claimed article.
Subclass:
177.75
Universal joint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.7. Tool wherein
the hand engageable portion is swingably attached to the
adjacent portion by two serially connected pivotal movement
about orthogonal axes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
403, Joints and Connections, subclass 57 for a universal
joint connecting sections of a nominally claimed article.
Subclass:
177.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Wrench or
screwdriver having means for changing the angle between the
handle and the work engaging part, the angular adjustment
being less than 360 deg..
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57.26 for gear operated machine wrenches provided with
angularly adjustable drive means.
subclasses 58+ for clutched head wrenches having handle and
head adjustments of 360o or more.
Subclass:
177.85
Including socket and boss type connecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Tool
including structure provided on the handle or shank for
selective assembly or disassembly with another tool part
having cooperating structure wherein the connecting structure
comprises a recess or opening in one part which is adapted to
receive a protrusion formed on the other part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
124.6 for a claimed socket wrench having an axial socket
adapted to receive a boss on a handle as provided for in this
subclass (177.85).
Subclass:
177.9
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.8. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein a dog on one member is resiliently urged
against one of a plurality of surfaces on the other member to
permit adjustment in one direction of rotation of the handle
relative to the head by the shifting of the dog to a
different surface without manual actuation of the dog.
Subclass:
178
The jaws are reversible to bring a new part into operative
position.
Subclass:
179
The jaw or jaws are provided with a sliding jaw-face which
moves in some degree transversely of the shank.
Subclass:
180.1
Attachment, or including adjunct or replaceable portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Tool including a
part which is connected to the remainder of the tool by
structure which permits its ready removal and replacement, or
a portion which has been added to the wrench to perform a
specific function but does not essentially form part of the
wrench, or a subcombination in the form of a part selectively
connectable to a wrench.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for a wrench attachment which holds a nut to prevent it
from dropping out of a wrench.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 138+ for a wrench which is
provided with a diverse tool.
Subclass:
181
Attachments and adjuncts which are applied to wrenches to
convert them into cutters and which are so combined with the
wrench that the parts which operate the jaws of the wrench
are employed for applying the necessary pressure to the
cutters.
(1) Note. Cutters of a general nature applied to various
parts of the wrench, but not coming within the above
definition, are found in Class 7, Compound Tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, appropriate subclasses, for cutters, per se.
Subclass:
182
The cutters are rotary disks or the like.
Subclass:
183
Rollers added to wrench-jaws and causing a clutch-grip on the
work.
Subclass:
184
The attachment is sleeved upon or partially embraces the
shank of the wrench.
Subclass:
185
Attachments for reducing the size of wrench-sockets.
Subclass:
185.1
Removable jaw face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180.1. Tool
comprising a work-engaging portion which is selectively
attachable to or detachable from the wrench.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 421+ for a jaw attachment for pliers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclasses 271+ for a jaw attachment for
a work holder.
Subclass:
185.2
Movably mounted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 180.1. Tool
comprising an attachment or adjunct which is connected to the
remainder of the wrench by means which permits pivotal or
translational movement between the two parts.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are wrenches having a
multifaced element which is moved or reoriented to one of a
plurality of positions to present a selected jaw face.
Subclass:
186
Inventions relating to the surface structure of the jaws.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for vise jaw attachments.
subclasses 421+ for jaw attachments to pliers and tongs.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools
including at least two relatively movable work-engaging
elements (constituting jaws), at least two relatively movable
hand-gripped elements (constituting handles), and joint
mechanism interconnecting said jaws and said handles whereby
manipulative movement of the handles with respect to each
other effects relative movement of the jaws.
(1) Note. Generally, the tools in this and indented
subclasses are characterized and distinguished from the
wrenches of subclasses 53+ in that said tools include at
least two hand-gripped members relatively manipulated to
effect relative jaw positioning so as to engage work, while
the wrenches of subclasses 53+ have but a single hand-gripped
member manipulated to transmit such manipulation to work.
Once the plural handles of a tool, here classified, have been
relatively manipulated to effect jaw engagement with work,
said plural handles may be further manipulated together as a
unit, similar to a wrench handle, to transmit such further
manipulation to the work.
(1.5) Note. Tools wherein relative jaw positioning is
effected solely by longitudinal shifting of elongated
hand-gripped members with respect to each other (as for
example in Patent No. 585,412), are classified in appropriate
subclasses under subclasses 53+. Such tools, which also
include additional means to further relatively position said
jaws, which means are, per se, encompassed by the definition
of subclass 300 (as for example Patent No. 1,195,321) are
classified hereunder. On the other hand, where the additional
means to further relatively position the jaws are not
encompassed by the above definition of subclass 300 (as for
example Patent No. 864,659), classification is in subclasses
53+.
(2) Note. Compound tools which include a tool of the type
classified in this or indented subclasses plus a wrench of
the type classified in subclasses 53+, would be classified in
this or the indented subclasses and cross-referenced into the
appropriate subclass in Wrenches, subclasses 53+.
(3) Note. Included in this subclass are attachments for
tools otherwise falling within the definition above, which
attachments have means to substitute for or supplement hand
action for handle manipulation of the handles relative to
each other, (see Patent No. 1,412,205).
(4) Note. Ordinarily the user of a tool herein classified
uses the tool by adjusting the jaw(s) (if jaw adjustment
means is provided) to the approximate size of the work, then
brings the tool jaws into close proximity with the work and
moves the hand-gripped members (usually toward each other,
but not limited thereto) so as to actuate the jaws to engage
and grip the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 3+ for pliers and tongs specialized for handling
particular articles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 125+ for plier type tools.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 147.1
for mop holders.
29, Metal Working, subclasses 700+, particularly subclasses
218, 221, 223+, 232, 248, 268 for plier or tong type devices
specially designed to engage work and to exert either a pull
or a push to assist in assembling or disassembling.
30, Cutlery, subclasses 92+ for pipe and rod cutters,
subclass 120.2 for nut crackers, subclasses 175+ for nippers
and subclasses 194+ for shears.
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 409.01 for a plier-type metal
deforming device.
100, Presses, subclasses 234+ and 243 for presses, not
elsewhere classified, of the plier type.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 504 for opposed jaw
work-holding devices.
119, Animal Husbandry, subclasses 801+ for catching and
holding tools provided with jaws or tong fingers.
128, Surgery, subclasses 319+ for crushers, subclasses 321+
for forceps having pivoted arms carrying contacting members
for grasping parts of the human body or articles within the
human body, and subclass 340 for plier type devices for
grasping and manipulating a surgical needle in the
application of a suture to a wound by means of the needle.
140, Wireworking, subclass 121 for plier type wire-joining
tools, subclass 106 for crimping implements and subclass 123
for plier type implements.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclass 144 for
apparatus for applying a member, e.g., staple, of the plier
type.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 4 for tube
compressors.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, appropriate
subclasses, for jaw actuator means. Specific search notes to
subclasses under Class 294 are to be found under appropriate
subclasses hereunder.
433, Dentistry, subclass 4 for orthodontic pliers; and
subclasses 159+ for dental forceps and pliers.
452, Butchering, subclasses 13+ for bivalve openers and
subclass 194 for fish dr4essing and holding tools.
For the purposes of this and the indented subclasses, the
following terms are defined:
ACTUATION
The manipulation of handles relative to each other, so as to
move jaws to engage work, within the limits of a
predetermined range of jaw movement. (See the definition of
"RANGE" hereunder).
ADJUSTMENT
The changing of structural relationships between members
constituting the tool so as to vary the limits of jaw
movement from one predetermined range to another. (See the
definition of "RANGE" hereunder).
HANDLE-MEMBER
A member which is gripped by the hand of the operator to
which member one of the jaws is fixedly attached at least
during the actuation of the jaws.
HANDLE-LEVER (OR GRIP-LEVER)
A hand-gripped element connected to a handle-member and to a
movable jaw as by pivot, link or motion-converting means,
which hand-gripped element actuates the movable jaw.
HANDLE
The generic term for either a handle-member or a handle-lever
where no distinction between the two members is necessary.
JAW
An element carrying at least one work engaging surface, two
or more of such elements engaging and holding the workpiece.
JOINT MECHANISM
First means connecting the jaws movably to each other, second
means for connecting at least one of the jaws movably to the
handles, and third means connecting the handles movably to
each other; said first, second and third means (either singly
or in combination with each other) converting handle
manipulation into relative jaw motion. The joint mechanism
may consist, for example, of a common first, second and third
means as for example in Patent No. 2,325,035; or a common
second and third means as for example in a pair of
cross-handled pliers.
RANGE
The extent of movement of the jaws relative to each other,
unobstructed by the work to be engaged or by contact of the
jaw surfaces, which movement is effected by manipulation of
the handles from one extreme position of the handles to the
other extreme position of the handles relative to each other.
The range is predetermined by the structural relationships
between the elements constituting the tool. To illustrate:
assuming that the movement of the handles between extremes of
handle positions effects a jaw movement of one inch, the one
inch dimension equals the range, which range is the same even
though the device may be adjusted so that in one instance the
jaws move from a zero gap position (closed) to a one inch gap
or in another instance from a one-half inch gap to an
inch-and-one-half gap. The shift described is defined as
adjustment; the manipulation of the handles to effect the one
inch of jaw movement is defined as actuation.
TOGGLE JOINT OR TOGGLE
A linkage including at least two links, pitmans, bars or
struts, and at least three pivots, the end of one link being
connected to the end of the other link by a pivot common to
both links, each of said links also having a pivot at the end
remote from the common pivot, which common pivot or
intermediate pivot is movable from a position not in a
straight line with the other two pivots, to a position
substantially in line by a force applied to the intermediate
pivot in a direction substantially normal to one of the links
thereby moving at least one of the two pivots away from the
other. At least one of said links is articulated at both ends
and is not integral with either a jaw or a handle. The
intermediate pivot is on the handle-lever or is connected to
the handle-lever by a linkage or lever system between said
intermediate pivot and the handle-lever, so that force is
applied to the intermediate pivot by manipulation of the
handle-lever.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools having a
fluid force transmitting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses
for expansible chamber type motors, per se.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
at least two jaws, each of which has a work-engaging surface
facing away, oppositely, from the other jaw, and in which the
movement of the handles towards each other effects movement
of the jaws away from each other whereby the jaw surfaces
engage interior surfaces of the work.
(1) Note. Jaws which have outwardly-facing work-engaging
surfaces, which jaws move towards each other as the handles
are moved together, are classified in other subclasses on the
basis of features other than the facing of the work-engaging
jaw portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for specialized expanding devices, such as boiler tube
spreaders, piston-ring removers and the like, and especially
subclass 3.05 for shell, projectile and wad-extractors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 239 for tools for spreading
parts.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 36
for expanding jaw traps.
128, Surgery, subclass 303.11 and 341+ for a delating
instrument.
168, Farriery, subclass 47 for hoof and shoe expanders.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 93+
for expanding jaw grapples.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
three or more work-gripping jaws.
(1) Note. Included herein are those devices in which only
two of the jaws may be actuated to grip the workpiece, those
in which one jaw may be common to each of the other two, and
those in which three or more handles may be provided to
actuate any pair of jaws independently of the other jaw(s).
(2) Note. Pairs of jaws, each jaw of which includes two or
more tines or fingers, are not found herein. See subclass 419
for this feature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 and see (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 3+
and 87.1+ for tools for grasping multiple objects.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Tools including
two handles only, which handles are manipulated for movement
with respect to each other to actuate the jaws.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Tools including
two pairs of jaws on opposite sides of joint means common to
both pairs of jaws, each pair facing away from said common
joint, both jaw pairs actuated by the same handle pair.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools in which the
handle pair may be positioned so as to be adjacent either one
of the jaw pairs, extending to one side of the joint, the
other jaw pair extending to the other side of the joint.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Tools in which
at least one set of jaws (which set comprises one jaw from
each pair, said jaws of the set secured to each other and
extending away from the common joint) is secured to one of
the handles.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools in which the
two jaws of the secured set and the handle form a T-shape.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Tools including
two spaced jaws each actuated by one of the handles and one
or more auxiliary jaws, each having work-engaging surfaces on
opposite faces of the said auxiliary jaw, each auxiliary jaw
interposed in the space which separates said two spaced
jaws.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Tools limited
to three work-gripping jaw elements.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Tools including
first joint mechanism converting handle manipulation into
arcuate motion of two of the jaws and second joint mechanism
converting said handle manipulation into substantially
rectilinear movement of the third jaw relative to said first
joint.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Tools including
one or more joint mechanisms converting handle manipulation
into arcuate movement of each of the jaws relative to the
other two jaws.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 304. Tools including
at least four jaws arranged in plural sets of two coacting
work-gripping surfaces in each set, each of said sets
actuated by manipulation of the handles.
(1) Note. The jaw pairs may be similar to grip two or more
objects individually or simultaneously, or may be different
one pair from the other, to grip different objects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for tools including two pairs of jaws extending away
from each other.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Tools in which
the sets of surfaces are generally parallel to each other and
separated from each other along a line substantially normal
to the surfaces.
(1) Note. The jaws are simultaneously actuated for movement
in a plane common to all the jaws.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means requiring a full predetermined extent of jaw motion
prior to restoring the jaw(s) to an original position.
(1) Note. The cycle of operation is such that manipulation
of the handles relative to each other effects only
unidirectional movement of the jaws (usually toward each
other) and only after the limit of such unidirectional
movement is reached can the direction of jaw movement be
reversed.
(2) Note. Included here are devices known in the art as
full-stroke compelling mechanisms.
(3) Note. See the definition of "RANGE" under subclass 300.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 17.5 for full
stroke compelling mechanisms.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means which convert a plurality of handle manipulations,
alternating to and fro relative to each other, into an
intermittent and unidirectional series of jaw motions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses
under 111+ for intermittent grip type actuators.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means for latching the handles against pivotal movement with
respect to each other and means for moving the jaws with
respect to each other while the handles are latched.
(1) Note. Tools in this and indented subclasses are
convertible to use as wrenches or as pliers, see (1) Note
under subclass 325.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for convertible tools in which the relative jaw position
is fixed.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Tools including
means for latching the handles in any one of a number of
desired handle relationships.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Tools wherein
one handle slips or slides parallel to its own length with
respect to and parallel to the length of the other handle.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools in which the
jaws are secured one to each handle whereby handle movement
effects jaw adjustment.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means for holding the jaws against movement relative to each
other despite continued application of force by the operator
tending to urge the handles together or apart.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools which require
continued application of said force urging the handles
together or apart or urging a finger-pressed element to hold
the jaws in the desired relationship.
(2) Note. The subclasses indented hereunder provide for
tools which do not require continued application of force by
the operator to hold the jaws in the desired relationship.
(3) Note. Tools which provide means for preventing pivotal
movement of the handles with respect to each other, but do
not prevent movement of the jaws while the handles are so
held are not classified in this or indented subclasses. For
such tools see subclasses 315+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for means locking the jaws of a wrench into a desired
relationship.
subclasses 315+ and see (3) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
70, Locks, subclass 19 for jaw type locks.
128, Surgery, subclass 322 for forceps for grasping parts of
the person and which forceps are locked to prevent release of
the hold.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Tools including
means both for latching the jaws in a desired relationship
and for disengaging the latch means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 368+ for toggle release means.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Tools including
means both for latching the jaws in a desired relationship
and for holding the latch means out of operative or latching
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
372 for means to prevent the locking of a toggle linkage.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Tools including
a latch, one portion of the latch mounted on one handle,
another portion of the latch mounted on the other handle, and
resilient means biasing the handles towards or away from each
other, whereby the bias maintains latch interengagement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
417 and 427, for spring-urged jaws and/or handles.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Tools including
additional resilient means, separate and apart from the
handle biasing means, for maintaining latch interengagement.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Tools including
means for holding the jaws in the desired relationship and
resilient means for biasing said holding means into jaw
securing position.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Tools including
means for latching the jaws rigidly into desired
relationship.
(1) Note. Included herein are tools wherein the jaws are
secured in a closed position for safe storage or transport.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Tools including
means for latching the jaws in any one of a number of desired
adjusted positions.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are tools
which are convertible for use as a wrench (for which use the
jaws are adjustable but are fixed or locked to each other
during application of torque to the work by the tool), or for
use as a pair of pliers (for which use the lock is disabled
to permit a range of jaw movement).
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are tools which include
a toggle linkage for actuating the jaws plus means to secure
or fix the linkage in latched position.
(3) Note. See definition of "TOGGLE" and "ACTUATION" under
subclass 300.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 315+ for convertible tools in which the angular
relative handle position is fixed.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Tools in which
the latch means includes screw elements.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Tools including
screw elements for adjusting the jaw position.
(1) Note. The jaw adjusting means are in addition to the
latch means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 388+ and see notes thereunder for other threaded
jaw-adjusting means.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Tools including
toothed and indented members interengaging to prevent
relative jaw movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
392 for other interdigitated lock means.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means to restrain the jaws against movement away from the
work engaged, which means does not restrict movement of the
jaws towards the work.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are tools
in which the jaws close to engage the work, which work alone
limits further closing of the jaws, and the restraining means
prevents the jaws from opening for so long as the operator
desires the locked jaw condition. For similar tools in which
jaw closing is limited by means other than the work engaged,
see this class, subclass 341.
(2) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses specifically
exclude toggle-link means for locking the jaws on the work;
see (3) Note below. This and indented subclasses do not
exclude toggle-link means to actuate the jaws for movement
together with other means for locking the jaws.
(3) Note. Since toggle linkages used for jaw actuation are
inherently locked on the work by reason of the intermediate
pivot passing through and beyond the straight line position
of the links, all toggle actuated subclasses should be
searched for this feature, including subclasses 363 and
367+.
(4) Note. See the definition of "TOGGLE" under subclass
300.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 and 320, for tools otherwise classified in this and
indented subclasses, but provided with lock release means and
lock disabling means respectively.
341 and see (1) Note above.
363 and 367+, and see (3) Note above.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Tools in which
the restraining means is effective in predetermined jaw
positions chosen by the operator.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are tools which require
a preliminary spacing of the jaws to a distance slightly
greater than the span of the work, such that when the handles
are manipulated to actuate the jaws, said jaws will lock on
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 385+ for jaw adjustment means.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Tools including
latch means, separate and apart from the handles or jaws,
which latch is set by the operator to restrain the jaws.
(1) Note. Tools classified in this and indented subclasses,
particularly subclass 333, are those in which the movement of
the jaws is effected by manipulation of the handles, and the
jaw movement is prevented, at the will of the operator, by
the latch means. For tools which are similar in structure to
tools classified herein, but differ in that the jaw movement
is effected by movement of the latch means, see this class,
subclass 112.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Tools including
a loop or bight mounted on one handle to be swung over the
other handle.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Tools including
a collar, bight or loop element embracing both jaws or both
handles, which element is moved longitudinally of the handles
to firmly engage both jaws or both handles.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 331.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Tools including
internal and external screw elements one of which elements is
manipulated into abutting relationship with a portion of a
jaw or handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 388+ and see search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
335
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Tools in which
the manipulated element is internally threaded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
390 for nut means adjusting a jaw.
subclasses 402+ for nut means adjusting the jaw and/or
handle.
Subclass:
336
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Tools including
a cog or projection connected to one handle and a swinging
member connected to the other handle, said swinging member
having notches or indentations therein for engagement by said
cog or projection.
Subclass:
337
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Tools including
indentations or notches connected to one handle and a
swinging member connected to the other handle, said swinging
member having a cog or projection thereon for engagement with
said indentations or notches.
Subclass:
338
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Tools including
a cog or projection connected to one handle or jaw mating
with indentations or notches connected to the other handle or
jaw.
(1) Note. The pawl or cog may be provided with one, two or
three teeth which fit into the indentations of the rack
member. For tools in which substantial areas of contacting
surface are roughened or serrated, see the search this class,
subclass note below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for tools in which substantial areas of contacting
surface are roughened or serrated, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
339
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Tools including
two portions slidable relatively to each other in
surface-to-surface contact, the surfaces approaching each
other as the jaws are actuated by handle manipulation, and
engaging firmly to resist retracting movement as the jaws
engage the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
323 for other frictional latch means urged into latching
position by a spring.
Subclass:
340
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Tools including
roughened contacting faces.
(1) Note. Tools in this subclass rely on the increased
frictional characteristics inherent in the roughened mating
surfaces for locking the jaws on the work.For tools in which
a cog fits into the indentations of a rack member to hold the
jaws on the work, see this class, subclass 338.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
341
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means to changeably set or determine the extremes of jaw
position.
(1) Note. Included herein are tools in which the jaws close
to engage the work and said means limits the closing of the
jaws. For similar tools in which jaw opening is limited, see
the search this class, subclass notes below.
(2) Note. This subclass is differentiated from the jaw
adjustment subclasses 385+, in that tools in this subclass
are provided with means to restrict the range of movement of
the jaws, whereas tools in subclasses 385+ are provided with
means to shift the range of movement of the jaws but leave
the extent of such range unchanged.
(3) Note. See the definition of "RANGE" under subclass 300.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 329+ for similar tools in which jaw opening is
limited, and see (1) Note above.
subclasses 385+ and see (2) Note above.
subclasses 418+ and 428, for jaw configuration or handle
configuration which limit or restrict jaw or handle
positions.
Subclass:
342
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools
characterized by joint mechanism which converts relative
motion of the handles into a predetermined range of jaw
movement.
(1) Note. See definition of "ACTUATION" under subclass 300.
(2) Note. First, second or third class levers are not here
considered to be converting means. For example, a nut-cracker
or tweezer type of tool otherwise falling within the scope of
the definition of subclass 300 is not here classified, but is
to be found either in subclass 300 or in other subclasses
below on the basis of other features.
(3) Note. For jaw adjustment mechanisms, see subclasses
385+.
(4) Note. See definition of "ADJUSTMENT" under subclass
300.
(5) Note. See definition of "RANGE" under subclass 300.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
415 for first class lever tools.
Subclass:
343
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
structure providing more than one ratio of relative handle
movement to relative jaw movement (e.g., mechanical advantage
or leverage to actuate the jaws for movement) and further
including structure to select or predetermine one desired
ratio out of the plurality of ratios available.
(1) Note. Though actuators which include cam means or
toggle-link means may be considered as mechanisms for varying
the leverage, so that in effect more than one ratio of handle
movement to jaw movement throughout actuation is inherent in
these exemplary structures, such means, per se, are not
included in this or indented subclasses. If, on the other
hand, a cam actuator is provided with discrete cam surfaces
or with separate means to choose a particular portion of a
cam surface, whereby the user may select one of the surface
or surface portions for the ratio desired, or a toggle-link
actuator is provided with a separate means to vary inherent
ratio of the toggle-linkage, whereby the user may change or
preset the ratio to that desired, tools including such
actuators are classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for sliding-jaw cam actuators.
363 and 367+, for toggle-link actuators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 516+ for
control linkages including variable output and input forces.
Subclass:
344
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Tools including
means providing a finite number of desired leverage ratios.
Subclass:
345
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools in which
the handles are fixed on parallel shafts longitudinally
slidable relatively to one another, and said shafts are
connected to the jaws whereby manipulation of the handles
relative to each other effects movement of the jaws.
Subclass:
346
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
cranked or offset handles fixed at ends of parallel rods or
shafts and jaws fixed at other ends of said rods, whereby
relative arcuate movement of the handles causes pivotal
movement of at least one of the rods about its longitudinal
axis effecting similar relative arcuate movement of the
jaws.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 30
for axially extending handles.
Subclass:
347
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools in which
each jaw is movable with respect to its handle by motion of
the handle or handles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 421+ for jaw attachments and/or inserts.
424 for tools in which only one jaw is pivoted or
articulated to its handle.
Subclass:
348
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Tools in which
the jaws are fulcrumed with respect to each other or a common
member for pivotable movement to or from each other.
Subclass:
349
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Tools including
camming means connected to both movable jaws to effect jaw
movement.
(1) Note. The term "camming means" is inclusive of a rotary
body having a continuous pressure surface of gradually
varying radius, or of a movable body having diverging opposed
pressure surfaces, in which movement of the pressure
surface(s) is caused by movement of the body transversely of
a direction of body-compressing motion and between the
pressure surface and an abutment.
Subclass:
350
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Tools including
two jaws and two handles, each handle comprising a lever, at
one end of which lever is a portion including two separated
points of articulation, at the other end of which lever is a
hand-grip portion, in which the handles are pivoted together
at one of said points of articulation, the jaws being
pivoted, one jaw to one handle respectively, at the other of
said points of articulation, and the jaws are connected
together for angular movement relative to each other.
Subclass:
351
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Tools in which
the connection between the jaws comprises a pintle common to
both jaws.
Subclass:
352
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Tools including
means to maintain the gripping faces of the jaws continuously
normal to a line perpendicular to and intersecting the jaw
faces during jaw actuation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 355+ for tools in which one jaw is fixed to its
handle and the other jaw is slidable with respect to said
fixed jaw and handle.
373 for toggle linkage tools in which the jaw surfaces are
continuously parallel to each other.
Subclass:
353
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Tools in which
jaw parallelism is maintained by means acting normal to the
perpendicular intersecting line and along the extent of the
jaws.
Subclass:
354
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Tools in which
jaw parallelism is maintained by means acting perpendicularly
to the jaw surfaces.
Subclass:
355
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
a handle-lever and a handle-member and means to convert
handle-lever manipulation into substantially rectilinear
movement of its jaw normal to the gripping face of the fixed
handle-member jaw.
(1) Note. In this and indented subclasses the surfaces of
the jaws remain parallel to each other during the jaw
actuation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 352+ for tools in which each jaw moves relative
to each handle, and the jaw surfaces are continuously
parallel to each other.
373 for toggle linkage tools in which the jaw surfaces are
continuously parallel to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 34
and 119.1 for sliding jaw grapples.
Subclass:
356
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Tools including
means to change the limits of sliding jaw movement from one
predetermined range to another.
(1) Note. See definition of "ADJUSTMENT" under subclass
300.
(2) Note. In this subclass, as in subclasses 365, 382 and
384 the jaw adjustment mechanism and the jaw actuator
mechanism are mounted on the same tool and each mechanism
acts in its own way in the tool. For the particular
adjustment structure see the indicated adjustment subclasses
below.
Subclass:
357
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Tools including
detent or dog means pivoted to the handle-lever for movement
thereby, the free end of said means engaging any one of a
plurality of notches in a member connected to either the
movable jaw or the handle-member jaw.
(1) Note. Tools in which the notched member is connected to
the movable jaw permit adjustment of the type classified in
subclass 391. Tools in which the notched member is connected
to the handle-member permit handle adjustment of the type
classified in subclass 410.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are tools in which the
dog means is spring urged toward the notched member.
(3) Note. See the first sentence of (1) Note under subclass
338.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
313 and 314, for tools including step-by-step jaw actuators
including pivoted dog means.
Subclass:
358
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Tools in which
manipulation of the handle-lever rotates a separate toothed
gear or gear segment, which segment engages a complementary
notched member connected to either jaw.
(1) Note. A gear segment is here considered to have two or
more teeth.
Subclass:
359
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Tools including
tooth or cog means integral with the handle-lever, which
means engages an indented member connected to the movable
jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
314 for means providing for step-by-step movement.
364 for claw-lever means actuating a pivoted jaw.
Subclass:
360
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Tools in which
the handle-lever has more than one cog.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
366 for plural cog coaction with a rack connected to a
pivoted jaw.
Subclass:
361
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Tools including
a camming means connected to the slidable jaw which means is
operated in response to handle-lever manipulation.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 349 for an exemplary
definition of "camming means".
Subclass:
362
This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Tools including
a pitman pivoted at one point to the handle-lever and at
another point either to the slidable jaw or to the
handle-member which pitman is operated by manipulation of the
handle-lever.
(1) Note. A socket joint is here considered a pivot joint.
Subclass:
363
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Tools in which
either the pitman or an extension of the handle-lever is part
of a toggle linkages.
(1) Note. See the definition of "TOGGLE" under subclass
300.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for lever and pawl actuator means in which the pawl acts
as the connecting rod of a toggle linkage.
subclasses 367+ for toggle linkage which actuates in
articulated or pivoted jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 106 for toggle
linkage.
Subclass:
364
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
a handle-lever and a handle-member and tooth or cog means
integral with, or pivotally carried by, the handle-lever,
which means engages an indented member connected to a movable
jaw, whereby handle manipulation oscillates said movable jaw
with respect to a fixed jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
314 for means providing for step-by-step jaw movement.
359 for claw-lever means actuating a sliding jaw.
Subclass:
365
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Tools including
means to change the limits of jaw movement from one
predetermined range to another.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 356.
(2) Note. See definition of "ADJUSTMENT" under subclass
300.
Subclass:
366
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Tools in which
the handle-lever has more than one cog.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
360 for plural cog coaction with a rack connected to a
sliding jaw.
Subclass:
367
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
a handle-member, a handle-lever and an articulated jaw
movable relative to the fixed, handle-member jaw, wherein the
joint mechanism includes a toggle linkage.
(1) Note. See definition of the term "TOGGLE" under subclass
300.
(2) Note. Included herein and in the indented subclasses are
those tools known in the art as vise-wrench, vise-grip,
plier-wrench, locking plier or toggle-wrench type, wherein
the jaws are clamped on the work after actuation without
further effort by the operator. For other wrenches or pliers
in which work is clamped between the jaws, see subclasses
318+ and 329+.
(3) Note. The toggle wrench mechanism in this and indented
subclasses is replete with adjustment mechanisms, for which
mechanism see subclasses 385+ as appropriate. The greatest
number of these adjustments are to be found in subclasses
399+.
(4) Note. Included in this subclass are double toggle
linkages which include at least three links (two of which
links are connecting rods) and four pivots (one of which
pivots is an outer pivot relative to one toggle and an
intermediate pivot relative to the other toggle).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 318+ and see (2) Note above.
subclasses 329+ and see (2) Note above.
363 for toggle linkage which actuates a sliding jaw.
subclasses 385+ and see (3) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 106 for toggle
linkages.
Subclass:
368
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools in which
a force is applied to the intermediate pivot for moving said
pivot to or slightly beyond a straight line passing through
the other or outer pivots, thus serving to stabilize the
toggle linkage into a locked condition, and including means
to alter the stable relationship of the pivots and/or links
thus unlocking the toggle linkage.
(1) Note. Tools in this and indented subclasses are usually
of the type classified in this class, subclasses 378+, but
include a toggle release means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for lock release means.
subclasses 378+ and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
369
This subclass is indented under subclass 368. Tools in which
the alteration means includes means to apply a second force
to the pintle which joins the two links, either directly or
by link means, in a direction opposite to the first named
force.
Subclass:
370
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Tools in which
the means for applying the second force is mounted on the
handle-lever for movement with respect to said handle-lever
and said pintle.
Subclass:
371
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Tools in which
the means for applying the second force is carried on the
pintle which joins the links.
Subclass:
372
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools including
means to restrict travel of the pintle which joins the two
links of the toggle.
(1) Note. Included herein are means to prevent locking of
the tool on the work by preventing the movement of the
intermediate pivot beyond a straight line passing through the
outer pivots.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for other means to disable a lock means.
Subclass:
373
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools including
means to constrain the travel of the articulated jaw whereby
the work-engaging surfaces of both jaws remain parallel to
each other during such travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 352+ for parallel movement of two articulated
jaws.
subclasses 355+ for parallel movement of one jaw sliding
relative to a second handle-member jaw.
Subclass:
374
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools including
two connecting-rods (one pivoted to the articulated jaw and
the other pivoted to the handle-member) pivoted to each other
at the intermediate pivot, and a link or lever-system pivoted
at one end to the intermediate pivot and pivoted at the other
end to the handle-lever, whereby manipulation of the
handle-lever exerts force on the intermediate pivot.
Subclass:
375
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools including
an element movable relatively to the handle-member, on which
element are pivoted the articulated jaw and the links
constituting the toggle mechanism.
Subclass:
376
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools in which
one link of the toggle is an integral extension of the
handle-lever and the other link is connected between the
handle-lever and the articulated jaw.
Subclass:
377
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Tools in which
one link of the toggle is an integral extension of the
handle-lever and the other link is connected between the
handle-lever and the handle-member.
Subclass:
378
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Tools including
a pintle directly connecting the articulated jaw with the
handle-member for actuation of said jaw about said pintle.
(1) Note. For tools of the type classified in this and
indented subclasses which include a toggle-release means, see
subclasses 368+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 368+ and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
379
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Tools including
spring means urging the articulated jaw or the toggle linkage
or both elements in a desired direction with respect to the
fixed jaw or handle-member.
Subclass:
380
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Tools in which
the spring comprises a helically wound wire looped or hooked
at each end, the spring being extensible under a stretching
load applied to the ends, wherein one end is attached to the
articulated jaw and the other end is attached to the
handle-member.
Subclass:
381
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
a handle-lever and a handle-member, in which the handle-lever
is pivoted to the movable jaw, both the movable jaw and the
handle-lever being pivoted to the handle-member.
(1) Note. The handle-lever may be connected to the
handle-member by a toggle-link linkage wherein both links are
integral with the respective jaw or handle-lever.
(2) Note. A socket joint is considered as a pivot in this
and indented subclasses.
(3) Note. Included in this subclass are tools in which the
movable jaw is directly pivoted to the handle-lever; for
indirectly or linked pivoted jaws see subclass 383.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 347+ for pliers in which each jaw is movable and
pivoted to its handle-lever.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 119
for tandem lever grapples.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Tools including
means to change the limits of jaw movement from one
predetermined range to another.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 356.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Tools including
a pitman intermediate the handle-lever and the pivoted jaw.
Subclass:
383.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
a handle-member, a handle-lever and an articulated jaw, in
which manipulation of the handle-lever effects movement of
said jaw through a camming means.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 349 for an exemplary
definition of "camming means".
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Tools including
means to change the limits of jaw movement from one
predetermined range to another.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 356.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools
characterized by joint mechanism for effecting a selection in
the relative position of handles and/or jaws separate and
apart from the actuating means for said jaws whereby the
range of jaw actuation is shifted into one of a plurality of
predetermined ranges.
(1) Note. For jaw actuating mechanisms see subclasses 342+.
(2) Note. See definition of "ACTUATION" under subclass 300.
(3) Note. See the definition of "RANGE" under subclass 300.
(4) Note. This subclass and indented subclasses are
differentiated from the jaw movement limiting subclass 341 in
that tools in this and indented subclasses are provided with
means leaving the range of movement of the jaw(s) unchanged,
but changing the placement of the range, whereas tools in
subclass 341 are provided with means to change the extent of
movement of the jaw(s).
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools including
means to change the position of at least one jaw with respect
to its handle without changing either the position of the
handles with respect to each other or the position of the
joint connecting said handles.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Tools including
means to change the position of each jaw with respect to its
handle.
Subclass:
388
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Tools in which
the mechanism connecting the movable jaw to its handle
includes screw elements, whereby manipulation of one of the
elements effects adjustment of the jaw relative to its
handle.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are mechanisms including
a helically threaded worm member interdigitated with a
complementary notched bar or rack wherein the worm is
rotated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 155+ for other threaded adjustment means.
327 for other threaded jaw adjustment means.
334 for threaded jaw latch means.
subclasses 395+ for other threaded jaw adjustment means.
Subclass:
389
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Tools in which
the manipulated element is externally threaded and is rotated
to effect movement of the jaw relative to its handle.
Subclass:
390
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Tools in which
the manipulated element is internally threaded, and is
rotated to effect movement of the jaw relative to its
handle.
Subclass:
391
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Tools including
a toothed member and a complementary notched bar whereby
selection of the notch engaged by the tooth determines the
adjustment of the movable jaw and holds said jaw in said
adjustment during actuation of the jaw(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for lever and pawl actuator means in which the pawl is
pivoted at one end to the handle-lever and engages at the
other end with one of the notches in a notched, movable jaw.
Subclass:
392
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Tools including
complementary toothed interfitting means on the movable jaw
and handle-lever respectively, and means to secure the
toothed means against relative movement in desired position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
328 for other interdigitated lock means.
Subclass:
393
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools including
a plural-sectioned handle with means to vary the in-line
relationship of one section with respect to another without
changing either the position of the jaws with respect to each
other or the position of the joint connecting the handles to
each other.
Subclass:
394
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools including
at least one aperture in one handle, a plurality of apertures
in the other handle and a pintle connecting the handles
seated in a selected aperture in each handle.
(1) Note. Is is not necessary for the aperture(s) to extend
entirely through the handle(s).
Subclass:
395
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools including
internal and external screw elements movably connecting the
handles to each whereby rotary manipulation of one of the
screw elements effects positioning of one handle and its jaw
relative to the other handle and jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 155+ for other threaded adjustment means.
subclasses 326+ for threaded jaw lock means.
subclasses 334+ for threaded jaw adjustment means.
subclasses 388+ for threaded jaw adjustment means.
Subclass:
396
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Tools including
a helical externally threaded member interdigitated with a
complementary notched bar whereby manipulation of said member
effects jaw adjustment.
Subclass:
397
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Tools including
mating circumferential internal and external screw portions
with each portion connected to or carried by a separate
handle, one portion and its associated handle moved
longitudinally of the other portion by rotation of said
handles relative to each other.
Subclass:
398
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Tools in which
the manipulated internal or external screw is rotated and
moves both handles.
(1) Note. Included herein are turnbuckle or similar
adjusting means having right-hand and left-hand threads.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155 161, 162, 173, and 175, for screw elements rotated to
adjust wrench jaws.
Subclass:
399
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Tools in which
the manipulated element is externally threaded and is rotated
to effect axial movement relative to its mating element.
Subclass:
400
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Tools in which
the externally threaded element is connected to the member(s)
constituting the joint mechanism for positive movement of
said member(s) in each direction.
(1) Note. See subclass 300 for definition of "JOINT
MECHANISM".
Subclass:
401
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Tools in which
the internally threaded element is connected to the member(s)
constituting the joint mechanism for positive movement of
said member(s) in each direction.
(1) Note. See subclass 300 for definition of "JOINT
MECHANISM".
Subclass:
402
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Tools including
a manipulated element internally threaded and rotated to
effect axial movement relative to its mating element.
Subclass:
403
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Tools in which
the externally threaded element is connected to the member(s)
constituting the joint mechanism for positive movement of
said members in each direction.
(1) Note. See subclass 300 for definition of "JOINT
MECHANISM".
Subclass:
404
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Tools in which
the internally threaded element is connected to the member(s)
constituting the joint mechanism for positive movement of
said members in each direction.
(1) Note. See subclass 300 for definition of "JOINT
MECHANISM".
Subclass:
405
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools wherein
the joint mechanism includes a pintle fixed to an element,
which element is engaged by the operator to move said element
and pintle relative to at least one of the handles.
(1) Note. The pintle is usually socketed in one handle and
shiftable within a slot in the other handle.
(2) Note. The term "engaged" includes direct manipulation of
the element of indirect movement as by a slide or cam.
Subclass:
406
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Tools in which
the element is provided with two portions socketed one in
each handle, one portion forming the pintle for handle
manipulation, the other portion being transversely offset
from said pintle portion, whereby shifting of said other
portion within its socket effects an orbital shifting of the
pintle portion thereby moving one handle orbitally with
respect to the other.
Subclass:
407
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Tools including
means movably connecting the handles to each other, said
means constraining the handles for slidable movement relative
to each other thereby changing the position of a bearing
portion at which one handle pivots with respect to the
other.
(1) Note. For adjustment of the jaws the operator grasps one
handle in each hand and shifts the fulcrum of the handles by
moving one handle substantially along its longitudinal axis.
In many cases the handles must be separated by pivoting at
the joint prior to the shifting movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for jaw adjustment means including sliding handles,
which handles are gripped by the hand of the operator to
maintain the adjusted jaw position.
Subclass:
408
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Tools wherein
the bearing portion is carried by an element shiftable
longitudinally along one handle, said bearing portion serving
as a fulcrum or pivot for oscillation of one handle with
respect to the other.
Subclass:
409
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Tools including
means to latch the element in desired adjustment position
along the length of the handle.
(1) Note. See subclasses 400, 401, 403, and 404 for pliers
with mechanically manipulated joints in which the adjustment
is positively held.
Subclass:
409.5
With spring-urged lock for member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Tool including
resiliently biased means to secure the element in the desired
adjustment position along the handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for lever and pawl actuator means in which the pawl is
pivoted at one end to the fulcrum-carrying member and engages
at the free end with one of the notches in a notched
handle-member.
Subclass:
411
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Tools including
a pintle on one handle selectively engageable with any of a
plurality of indentations along an elongated aperture in the
other handle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 for other slotted fulcrum guide structure.
Subclass:
412
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Tools in which
the pintle has a cross-sectioned bearing portion with both a
maximum and a minimum dimension, the slot has a plurality of
longitudinally spaced enlarged portions substantially equal
in size to said maximum cross-sectional dimension, and the
enlarged portions are joined to each other by slot portions
substantially equal in size to said minimum cross-sectional
dimension.
(1) Note. Adjustment is effected by pivotal shift of the
pintle so as to align the minimum pintle portion with the
minimum slot portion and translational shift into the desired
maximum slot portion.
(2) Note. It is not necessary for the enlarged portions of
the slot to extend entirely through the handle.
Subclass:
413
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Tools including
a dog(s), projection(s), pin(s) or cog(s) integral with one
handle and selectively engageable with any of a plurality of
indentations along the facing edge of the other handle.
Subclass:
414
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Tools in which
the joint includes a pintle on one handle engaging an
elongated slot in the other handle, at least one arcuate
ridge or groove on one handle facing and selectively engaging
any one of a plurality of mating arcuate grooves or
ridges--the arcuate elements mating along peripheral
surfaces--the pintle serving as a common center to the mating
arcuate elements in any given selected position.
Subclass:
415
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools wherein
the claimed structure includes two levers each with a hand
grip portion at one end and a fixed jaw or work gripping
portion at the other end, a pivot hole or socket in either or
both levers intermediate of the ends, and a pin in the
hole(s) joining the two levers together in crossed
relationship for pivotal movement of one lever relative to
the other.
(1) Note. The pivot pin may be integral with one of the
levers and socketed into the other lever.
(2) Note. Jaw adjusting means are not provided for in this
subclass, see the jaw adjusting subclasses (385 to 414)
above.
(3) Note. The term "fixed" is inclusive of jaw(s) integral
with the lever(s) or detachable but immovable with respect to
the lever(s) during use, as for example in subclasses 421+.
(4) Note. The term "plier" is not equivalent to crossed
handles, and such recitation alone would not preclude
classification in the subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 28+
and 106+ for pivoted grasping tools.
Subclass:
416
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Tools including
claimed structure specific to the means securing the levers
together or to the bearing structure for said means.
(1) Note. For pivots joining crossed handle pliers, which
pivots include means for adjusting the jaw and/or handle
relationship, see appropriate adjustment subclasses
preceding.
(2) Note. For other joint or pivot details a search is
required in subclass 385 and indented subclasses. Basically
all these subclasses 385+ relate to variations of joint
mechanism. The search can be limited somewhat by
consideration of the limitations set out by the subclass
titles and definitions.
Subclass:
417
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Tools including
means to bias one lever for pivotal movement in a desired
direction with respect to the other lever.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 321+ for spring-urged tools with lock means.
427 for other spring-urged tools.
Subclass:
418
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
specifically claimed jaw structure or conformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
186 for jaw faces for wrenches.
Subclass:
419
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Tools in which
each jaw includes at least two fingers or fork elements.
Subclass:
420
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Tools in which
the jaws extend in a direction parallel to and beyond the
joint of the assembled handles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 for plural jaw pairs, at least one pair extending
parallel to and beyond the joint.
Subclass:
421
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Tools including
a separate work-engaging element fastened or secured to at
least one jaw.
(1) Note. The fastening or securing is not limited to a
rigid joint.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180.1 for jaw attachments for wrenches.
Subclass:
422
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Tools including
releasable or yielding fastening means providing for
interchange of work-engaging jaw portions.
Subclass:
423
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Tools including
releasable fastening means providing for removal and
replacement of work-engaging jaw elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for vise jaw attachments.
388 389 and 390, for adjustable jaws which are inherently
capable of removal and replacement.
Subclass:
424
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Tools including
pivoted and/or swivelled fastening means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 347+ for tools with plural articulated jaws.
Subclass:
424.5
Nonplanar jaw face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Tool in which
the conformation of a work engaging jaw surface is
specifically recited as not flat.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 for tined jaws.
423 for jaws detachable for surface changing purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclasses 268+ for nonplanar jaw
features.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under subclass 424.5. Tools in
which each of the work-engaging jaw surfaces is recited as
different from the other work-engaging surface(s).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 and 423, for replaceable jaw inserts inherently provided
with a surface different from the other jaw surface.
Subclass:
426.5
Work conforming face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 424.5. Tool wherein
the work-engaging jaw surface is formed in opposite contour
to that of a specific type of work whereby mutual contact
between the work and the jaw surface is achieved over the
entire jaw face.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclass 266 and 270 for work conforming
jaw faces.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tools including
means to bias one handle and/or jaw for movement in a desired
direction with respect to the other handle and/or jaw.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for lever and pawl actuating means in which either the
lever or the pawl is resiliently urged.
subclasses 379+ for toggle wrench pliers resiliently
urged.
417 for cross handle pliers resiliently urged.
Subclass:
427.5
Handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Tool including
specifically recited structure of a hand gripped element or
portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.1 for wrench or screwdriver handle structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 110.1 for handle
structure in general.
Subclass:
429
Responsive to movement of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the operation of the wrench or
screwdriver is stopped or it signals when either the distance
traveled by or the number of rotations of the work exceed a
selected amount.
Subclass:
430
Utilizing fluid to convey work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed means in
which a fluid current is utilized to push the pieces of work
towards the work-engaging and strain-exerting portion of the
wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
431
Including chute having longitudinal axis collinear with
rotational axis of work turning portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed means
including an inclined or vertical gravity flow path having
the longitudinal axis of at least its discharging end
collinear with the rotational axis of the work-engaging and
strain-exerting portion of the wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
432
Including vibratory work supporting member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed means
including a work-supporting member which is vibrated (i.e.,
rapidly moved insignificant, minute distances) during a
segment of the feeding operation to convey pieces of work to
the work-engaging and strain-exerting portion of the wrench
or screwdriver.
Subclass:
433
Including revolvably driven work contacting member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed or
storing means including a work-contacting member which is
revolved 360 deg. around a central area when work pieces are
conveyed to the work-engaging and strain-exerting portion of
the wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
434
Including driven, flexible, work supporting strip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed means
including a flexible belt-like member having several pieces
of work spaced along the length of and supported by it,
which, during feeding, the member is driven toward and
conveys the pieces of work to the engaging and
strain-exerting portion of the wrench or screwdriver.
Subclass:
435
Including driven, reciprocating, conveying member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.37. Feed means
including a driven member reciprocated between two spaced
positions; the member contacting and pushing or carrying
pieces of work towards the engaging and strain-exerting
portion of the wrench or screwdriver when moving in one of
its directions.
Subclass:
436
Having work engaging and force exerting portion inserted into
cavity (e.g., allen wrench, screwdriver):
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the work-engaging and strain-exerting
portion is intended to be inserted into a cavity (e.g., hole,
aperture, etc.) in the surface of the rotatable work.
(1) Note. The portion of the wrench or screwdriver inserted
into the cavity is intended to be separable from the cavity
of the rotatable work after the turning or twisting strain is
applied and is never intended to remain with or become a
component of the rotatable work wherein the axis of the
cavity is collinear with the rotational axis of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 176+ for a spanner having two spaced projections
adapted to engage in spaced recesses in the work to exert a
twisting strain thereto.
Subclass:
437
Combined with or usable as diverse type wrench:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the portion of the tool intended to be
inserted into a cavity is either (a) connected to, or (b) may
alternately be used as a diverse-type wrench (i.e., the
diverse wrench portion is constructed to exert a turning or
twisting strain on a rotatable workpiece without inserting a
portion of its structure into a cavity in the surface of the
work).
Subclass:
438
Having structure adapting portion or tool for separation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver in which either the portion of the tool not
intended to engage the cavity or the cavity-engaging and
strain-exerting portion of the tool is constructed to
facilitate the separation of the cavity-contacting and
strain-exerting portion from the remainder of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.1 for a wrench or screwdriver not limited to a specific
type of force-exerting portion and having details of its
handle structure claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
279, Chucks or Sockets, for chuck or socket structure in
general.
Subclass:
439
Including discrete, separately usable, inserted portions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver including at least two discrete, cavity-engaging
and strain-exerting portions which are intended to be used
during separate strain-exerting operations.
(1) Note. The strain-exerting portions are in some instances
intended to be capable of cooperating together in a single
strain-exerting operation.
Subclass:
440
Pivotally or rotatably mounted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the cavity-engaging and strain-exerting
portions are pivotally or rotatably attached for selective
movement to or from a use to a nonuse position.
Subclass:
441
Inserted portion cuts into or deforms cavity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the cavity-engaging and strain-exerting
portion is constructed to either (a) form the cavity in the
surface of the work which is to be rotated (e.g., drills hole
into screw with broken head and then removes screw), (b)
enlarge the cavity in the surface of the work (e.g., has
sharp points which bite into surface of cavity), or (c)
deform the shape of the cavity (e.g., bends vanes in cavity
and interlocks therewith).
Subclass:
442
Inserted portion having relatively movable components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the cavity-engaging and strain-exerting
portion includes two or more relatively movable components
which firmly engage the cavity when moved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 117.7 for means anchored against
rotation in one well conduit section for relatively rotating
another section.
Subclass:
443
Having camming or wedging element for moving components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Wrench or
screwdriver including either a rotatable camming or shiftable
wedging element having a surface which slides against and
moves a cooperating surface on or attached to at least one of
the components when a rotating or shifting force is applied
to the element, the relative orientation or contour of one of
the contacting surfaces causing the movement transmitted to
the component by the element to be in a direction other than
that of the element.
Subclass:
444
Axially shiftable element located between and wedging against
components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Camming or
wedging element in which the element is shifted in its
entirety along a line parallel to the axis about which the
wrench or screwdriver turns or twists when exerting strain on
the work, the element being located between the components
and sliding against the cooperating surface of at least one
component when shifted parallel to the axis.
Subclass:
445
With threaded surface for cooperating with mating tool
structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Camming or
wedging element wherein at least a portion of the element is
provided with a threaded surface which cooperates with mating
threaded structure formed on the contacted surface of at
least one of the inserted components or on another portion of
the tool.
Subclass:
446
Rotatable element located between and camming against
components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Camming or
wedging element in which the element is rotated about an axis
when the components are to be moved relative to each other,
the element being located between the components and sliding
against the cooperating surface of at least one component
when rotated.
Subclass:
447
Having cooperating threaded element type actuating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Wrench or
screwdriver having means for moving the components relative
to each other including a threaded, cylindrical rod which is
either (a) rotated to shift a mating threaded rider attached
to one of the components along its axis, or (b) is attached
to one of the components and is shifted by and along the
rotational axis of and relative to a mating threaded element
which is being rotated.
Subclass:
448
Having resilient or spring biased component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Wrench or
screwdriver in which at least one of the components is either
(a) constructed to be resilient, (b) made from a resilient
material, or (c) is attached to a spring which pulls it
toward its initial position before relative movement.
Subclass:
449
Biased component rotated about axis collinear to rotational
axis of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the spring-biased component is rotated by
the spring about an axis which is collinear to the axis about
which the tool turns or twists when exerting strain on the
work.
Subclass:
450
Inserted portion mounted to pivot or swivel relative to
longitudinal axis of handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver including a handle to which the cavity-engaging
and strain-exerting portion is pivotally or otherwise mounted
for swinging movement between angularly spaced positions.
Subclass:
451
With separate means for guiding or gripping work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with means separate from its
work-engaging and strain-exerting portion (i.e., the inserted
and noninserted portion of the tool used to turn or twist the
work) for contacting and guiding or gripping the work having
strain exerted on it by the portion, in order to position the
work relative to the portion during the straining operation.
Subclass:
452
Having resilient, relatively movable, work gripping members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Gripping means
having two or more relatively movable members which grip the
work between their work-contacting surfaces, at least one of
the members being either constructed to be resilient or made
from a resilient material.
Subclass:
453
With camming or wedging element for moving members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Gripping means
including either a rotatable camming or a shiftable wedging
element having a surface which slides against and moves a
cooperating surface on or attached to at least one of the
members when a rotating or shifting force is applied to the
element, the relative orientation or contour of one of the
surfaces causing the movement transmitted to the member by
the element to be in a direction other than that of the
element.
Subclass:
454
Having pivoted, relatively movable, work gripping members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Gripping means
having two or more relatively movable members which grip the
work between their work-contacting surfaces, at least one of
the members being pivotally attached to the tool.
Subclass:
455
With camming or wedging element for moving members:
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Gripping means
including either a rotatable camming or a shiftable wedging
element having a surface which slides against and moves a
cooperating surface on or attached to at least one of the
members when a rotating or shifting force is applied to the
element, the relative orientation or contour of one of the
surfaces causing the movement transmitted to the member by
the element to be in a direction other than that of the
element.
Subclass:
456
Having member with work underlying portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Guiding means
having at least one member provided with a work-contacting
portion which is intended to be located beneath a section of
the work (e.g., screw head) during the strain-exerting
operation.
Subclass:
457
Member spring biased for axial movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Guiding means
in which the member is attached to a spring and and shifts
along a line parallel to the axis about which the wrench
turns or twists when strain is exerted on the work, the
spring returning the member to its initial position after the
strain-exerting operation is concluded.
Subclass:
458
Resilient member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 456. Guiding means
in which the member is either constructed to be resilient or
is made from a resilient material.
Subclass:
459
Inserted portion having threaded periphery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Work-engaging
and strain-exerting portions having a threaded periphery
which is intended to cooperate with the contour of the
cavity.
Subclass:
460
Inserted portion having plural, noncollinear blades (e.g.,
Phillips):
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Work-engaging
and strain-exerting portions having a periphery which
includes two or more noncollinear blades (i.e., long, thin
projections) which are intended to cooperate with the contour
of the cavity.
Subclass:
461
Inserted portion having plural, separate, work engaging
projections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Work-engaging
and strain-exerting portion having a periphery which includes
two or more separate (i.e., having no common bridging
structure normally contacting the contour of the cavity
during the straining operation) projections which are
intended to cooperate with the contour of the cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176.1 for a spanner having two spaced projections adapted to
engage in spaced recesses in the work to exert a twisting
strain thereto.
Subclass:
462
Having stationary structure for supporting wrench or
screwdriver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Wrench or
screwdriver having relatively stationary structure (i.e.,
structure which does not move while the work is having strain
placed on it) for supporting the work-engaging and
strain-exerting portion of the tool.
Subclass:
463
INCLUDING TOOL DRIVING BY IMPACT DELIVERING COMPONENT OR
COOPERATING ANVIL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools
provided with either (a) a movably attached component
intended to forcibly strike against structure linked to or
formed on a work-engaging portion of the tool, or (b)
structure which is linked to or formed on the work-engaging
portion of the tool and specially designed or constructed to
receive an impact from a movably attached component of the
tool.
(1) Note. The mere claiming of one or more surfaces for
receiving an impact from an integral component of the tool
(e.g., pivot arm) is classified in this subclass. If,
however, the surface claimed is intended to receive an impact
from a distinct impacting tool (e.g., hammer) classification
is elsewhere based on other features of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
104.04 and 104.07 for impact tools for cleaning pipes and
tubes.
29, Metal Working, subclass 243.53 for a riveting device not
elsewhere classified, and subclass 254 for impact- operated
apparatus having means for engaging two work parts to be
assembled or disassembled.
30, Cutlery, subclass 164.6, 168, and 277 for impact-operated
cutlery.
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses for a process or
an apparatus for deforming metal by the use of an impact
means, e.g., forging with a drop hammer, as in subclasses
435+, or "impact extrusion" as in subclass 267.
83, Cutting, subclass 616 for impact-driven reciprocable
cutting or punching tools.
104, Railways, subclasses 10+ for tampers. 114, Ships,
subclass 3 for warship-carried rams. 125, Stone Working,
subclass 40 for impact-operated, stone-working, and analogous
tools.
144, Woodworking, subclass 193.1 for an impact-operated
splitter.
164, Metal Founding, subclasses 169+ for mold-making
apparatus including compaction means, and subclasses 260+ for
metal-casting apparatus including a vibrator.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, subclasses 90+ for an
impacting device of general utility, and particularly
subclasses 93+ for an impact device having an anvil arranged
to deliver a torsional impact. An impact-type drive having a
Class 81 type tool claimed by name only is classified in
Class 173.
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclasses 93+ for
metal-breaking devices which may include an impact-delivery
means.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, subclass 51 for
apparatus for heading a member (e.g., rivet).
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses
270+ for stamp mills and analogous devices.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, subclass 19 for impact-type nail extractors.
299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 69+, and see the search there noted for a hard
material disintegrating machine driving a percussive-type
cutter.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 15+
for reciprocating electric motors.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclass 133 for
tamping means.
433, Dentistry, subclasses 118+ for motor-driven,
impact-operated dental tools, and subclasses 150+ for
hand-operated, impact-receiving or delivering dental tool.
601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses 97+ and 107+ for
impact-type applicators.
Subclass:
464
Motor or gear driven:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Tools in which
the component is moved to its striking position by power
either (a) derived from a motor, or (b) transmitted by
relatively rotating gears.
Subclass:
465
Structurally constrained to arcuate movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Tools in which
the component is constrained, by either the structure
attaching it to the tool or the guide structure supported by
the tool (e.g., pivot pin, guide tracks), to movement along
an arcuate path.
Subclass:
466
About turning axis of work engaging portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Tools wherein
the work-engaging portion of the tool turns about an axis
which is collinear to the central axis of the arc about which
the component moves.
Subclass:
467
Responsive to torque on work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein either (a) the operation of the wrench or
screwdriver is stopped, or (b) the tool signals when a
selected amount of turning or twisting force (i.e., torque)
on the work is exceeded.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 862.21 for wrenches
combined with means to measure the load.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, subclasses 30+ for an overload
release coupling; and subclass 25 for a fluid coupling for
transmitting a limited pulsating torque.
Subclass:
468
With marking mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with a mechanism intended to mark the
work in a manner which is detectable by an observer when the
selected torque is applied to the work.
Subclass:
469
Means for regulating motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver including means which is responsive to the amount
of torque on the work and regulates the power output of a
motor driving the work-contacting portion of the wrench or
screwdriver.
(1) Note. The means may be either distinct from the motor or
an active component of the motor.
Subclass:
470
Fluid motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the motor is operated by a fluid
substance which does not alter in chemical composition while
in the motor.
Subclass:
471
Permanently deformable component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver having at least one force-transmitting component
constructed from material which is permanently deformed if
the work has more than the selected amount of torque applied
thereto.
Subclass:
472
Relatively movable work contacting components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the work-contacting portion includes two
or more components which move relative to each other and
release the work from driving contact when the selected
torque is exceeded.
Subclass:
473
Rotatable, coaxial, clutching components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver in which a portion of the tool-transmitting force
from an input source to the work-contacting portion includes
at least two coacting rotatable components, one of the
components either (a) impels the other component to rotate
about the same axis of rotation with it when force is
transmitted to the work below the selected value of torque,
or (b) allows the other component to rotate relative to it
preventing the transmittal of force from the source to the
work when the selected torque is exceeded.
Subclass:
474
Having intermediate, disparate, interlock element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Wrench or
screwdriver including an element (e.g., ball), structurally
distinct from and located between the coacting surfaces of
the components, which orbits about the same axis of rotation
as the components and locks them together when the torque on
the work is below the selected value.
Subclass:
475
Having complementary formations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein one of the rotating components has either
projections or apertures located on its coacting surface for
engaging corresponding apertures or projections formed on the
coacting surface of the other component.
Subclass:
476
Having friction type contact surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 473. Wrench or
screwdriver wherein the surface friction created by the
contact of the coacting surface is solely relied upon for the
transmitting of rotary motion from one component to the
other.
Subclass:
477
Work engaging portion attached to and turned by resilient
member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the work-engaging portion is attached to
a resilient structural member, which either (a) remains rigid
and transmits force from the source to the portion when the
torque on the work is below the selected value, or (b) bends
and prevents or signal the transmittal of excessive force
when the torque on the work exceeds the selected value.
Subclass:
478
Work engaging portion pivotally or rotatably connected to
handle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the work-engaging portion is pivotally
or rotatably connected to a hand-powered structural member
which transmits force to it, the portion pivoting or rotating
relative to the member when the selected torque is exceeded.
Subclass:
479
With electric signal device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with an electrical device which is
activated by the pivotal or rotational movement of the
portion relative to the member and signals the operator when
the selected torque is exceeded.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, for mechanical signals, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses 500+ for alarms
which are automatically responsive to a condition. Note
particularly indented subclasses 665 and 679+.
Subclass:
480
Axis of connection coaxial to rotational axis of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Wrench or
screwdriver in which the pivotal or rotational axis of the
connection is coaxial with the axis about which the work
turns.
Subclass:
481
With arm extending from portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with either a rigidly attached or an
integrally formed elongated element projecting from the
work-engaging portion of the wrench.
Subclass:
482
With pivoted locking pawl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with a pawl structurally distinct from
both the portion and the member and pivotally connected to
one of them and releasably locking with the surface of the
other to prevent relative angular movement below the selected
torque.
Subclass:
483
With arm extending from portion and through connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Wrench or
screwdriver provided with either a rigidly attached or an
integrally formed elongated element projecting from the
work-engaging portion and through the pivotal axis of the
connection.
Subclass:
484
FOR ADJUSTING VARIABLE POSITIONED PARTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
peculiarly adapted to very the relative orientation or
position of a plurality of connected parts which are
specifically made to function in any of a plurality of
relative orientations or positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for watchmakers' tools.
9.24 for tappet adjusters.
15.9 for a tool adapted to adjust a lock or latch.
subclasses 53+ for a tool which performs an adjustment by
exerting a twisting strain to the part (e.g. a screwthreaded
part).
subclasses 300+ for an adjusting tool in the form of
pliers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses for a tool for
adjusting the relative position of two parts by bending one
part relative to the other, particularly subclass 409.01 for
a plier type bender, and subclasses 476+ for a bender having
a unitary tool face.
Subclass:
485
SPREADER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
including means for simultaneously engaging two adjacent
parts or portions of a part and forcing the parts or portions
apart.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.7 for a leaf spring spreader.
9.3 for a hose clamp applier having means to spread the ends
of the clamp.
302 for a plier type tool having jaws which move apart as
the handles approach.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 239 for an apparatus or
implement which disassembles two parts by spreading them from
face to face engagement.
Subclass:
486
RESILIENT ARTICLE TENSIONER OR COMPRESSOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
comprising means to engage an elastically deformable member
or an element in contact therewith, whereby a force may be
applied to deform the member and place it under either
tensile or compressive forces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3.7 for a leaf spring spreader.
15.2 for a resilient tire casing spreader.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 215 for engine valve spring
compressors, subclasses 225+ for other spring appliers or
removers, and subclass 235 for a tool for applying or
removing a resilient article other than spring.
Subclass:
487
HAND HELD HOLDER OF HAVING CLAMP:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
comprising either (1) a device adapted to be supported by
hand having a work supporting portion or (2) two relatively
movable work engaging surfaces for gripping the work of for
holding portions of the work in relative position.
(1) Note. Part (1) of the above definition was intended to
provided for manipulating tools, i.e., those hand held
holders other than mere handling devices provided for in
Class 294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for an engraver's clamp.
9.26 for a plowshare holder.
43 for tweezers.
300 for plier type tools, i.e., having clamping jaws
positioned by relatively movable handles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclasses 270+ for a hand manipulatable
tool for assembling or disassembling parts. See also the
superior subclasses for special application tools.
269, Work Holders, subclass 3 for a hand held holder for a
work part undergoing work treatment.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, appropriate
subclasses for a hand held holder for the transportation or
mere handling of an article.
433, Dentistry, subclasses 141+ for a hand-held work holder
used in dentistry, particularly subclasses 153+ for hand-held
clamps, and subclass 163 for other hand-held work carriers.
Subclass:
488
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool
which is not provided for under any of the preceding
subclasses.
Subclass:
489
HANDLE FOR TOOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. The
hand engaged portion of a tool and which is not provided for
elsewhere.
(1) Note. A patent having a sole disclosure to a handle for
torque applying tool is classified in subclasses 177.1+.
(2) Note. "Tool handles" represent an extremely large body
of art, and historically a claimed tool handle has been
classified with the particular tool, regardless of whether or
not the work engaging portion of a tool was claimed. This
subclass was created to collect only those patents claiming a
tool handle, per se, and whose disclosure is not restricted
to a specific type of tool. Thus, a handle whose sole
disclosed use is for a "saw or the like" will continue to be
classified with the hand saws in Class 30, Cutlery. On the
other hand, a handle disclosed for use with a "hammer, golf
club", etc., or simply for "a tool", is classified here.
Since cross referencing to this subclass has been kept to a
minimum, a thorough investigation of related areas listed
below is advised.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 22+ for a hammer handle.
subclasses 53+ for a driver for a wrench or screwdriver
socket or bit, especially subclasses 177.1+ for a wrench or
screwdriver handle.
427.5 for a plier handle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, subclasses 167+ for a handle for plural
diverse tools. A tool having a compartment in which plural
unattached (unclaimed) tools may be stored is classified in
Class 81, subclass 490.
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 22.1,
79.1+, 143.1+, 222, 327.1+, 329, 335, 344, 350+, 361, and
410+ for handles associated with brushing, scrubbing or
cleaning devices.
16, Miscellaneous Hardware, subclass 110.1 for a handle for
a closure of receptacle, or a handle not provided for
elsewhere.
30, Cutlery, subclass 80 for a razor handle, subclasses 329+
and 340+ for a handle for a detachable blade, or a connection
between a handle and blade, subclass 491 for a bench plane
handle and subclasses 517+ for a saw handle.
38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, subclasses 90+ for a
handle for a flat iron.
42, Firearms, subclass 7 and 71+ for a handle or grip for a
firearm.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, subclass 23
for a fishing rod handle or butt.
101, Printing, subclasses 405+ for a printing stamp
handle.
119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 633 for a currycomb handle.
132, Toilet, subclass 76.5 for a separable holder for an
abrader, file or buffer.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclasses 65+ for a
cane or umbrella handle.
172, Earth Working, subclasses 329+ for an earth working
tool having a handle.
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclass 154,
175, 375+, and 525+ for a fluid discharging device having a
handle for manipulation thereof.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 57+
for a hand fork or shovel handle.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
subclasses 882+ for a mirror of reflector having a handle.
407, Cutters, for Shaping, subclass 29.15 for a file or rasp
handle.
414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 722+ for
shovel handle structure.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, subclasses 300+ for a
golf grip, subclass 538 for a racket-type implement used to
project a projectile in which a dimensional characteristic or
parameter of the handle or grip portion thereof is specified
by a number, numeric variable, or mathematical formula;
subclasses 549+ for handle or grip structure for a racket, in
general; and subclass 568 for a bat-type implement used to
project a projectile in which significance is attributed to
the grip portion thereof.
Subclass:
490
Having storage compartment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Handle provided
with a cavity within the handle to accommodate a tool when
not in use.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are handles having a
cavity into which an attached tool is retracted to a nonuse
position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
177.4 for a wrench or screwdriver handle having means to
store parts.
Subclass:
491
Having discrete relatively movable tool clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Handle provided
with an individually distinct element mounted for movement to
exert a force on tool to retain the tool in the handle.
Subclass:
492
Hav ing cap or reinforcing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Handle provided
with either (1) an individually distinct element covering an
end of the handle remote from the tool, or (2) an
individually distinct rigid element for providing strength or
rigidity to the remainder of the handle.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
WRENCH OR SCREWDRIVER CONSTRUCTED FROM SPECIFIC MATERIAL:
Tools for exerting a turning or twisting strain on a
rotatable piece of work which are constructed from a specific
material having properties not normally associated with
common tool material.
Subclass:
901
WRENCH OR SCREWDRIVER ADAPTED TO TURN EYE SCREW:
Tools for exerting a turning or a twisting strain on a
rotatable piece of work having features which peculiarly
adapt them to contacting and turning eye screws.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000