U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 073
MEASURING AND TESTING
Class Definition:
(1) This is the generic class for processes and apparatus for
making a measurement of any kind or for making a test of any
kind, and takes all such subject matter not provided for in
other classes.
(2) The term "test" includes inspection, processes and
apparatus for determining qualities by inspection being
included where not provided for in other classes.
(3) This class is the generic class for sampling and takes
all sampling apparatus and processes not otherwise provided
for; see subclasses 863+ and the notes thereto.
(1) Note. Processes and apparatus for its practice are
classified together.
(2) Note. Substantially all apparatus classes have means to
automatically control the operation of the apparatus. Such
automatic controls usually involve some means to measure or
test a condition or change of condition, the measuring or
testing means then operating to control or regulate the
apparatus in accordance with the results of the measurement
or test. For such subject matter, the class appropriate to
the type of apparatus controlled should be investigated. No
attempt has been made to search note automatic controls.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Measuring and testing, per se, of the following types are
found in Subclass References to the Current Class and
References to Other Classes, below:
ACOUSTICAL;
BIOLOGICAL;
CHEMICAL;
ELECTRICAL;
GEOMETRICAL INSTRUMENTS;
INSPECTING;
OPTICAL (See Radiant Energy);
RADIANT ENERGY (See Optical)
SPEED MEASURING;
SURGICAL;
TIME MEASURING;
WEIGHING SCALES;
MASS SPECTROMETRY
(1) Note. For elements, not combined with means to indicate
the result of a measurement or test, and not combined with
means to automatically control art devices, that respond to a
condition or change of condition. Also see the reference to
the Radiant Energy class.
ART APPARATUS OR PROCESS COMBINED WITH MEASURING OR TESTING
(1) Note. Art apparatus or process significantly claimed, in
combination with measuring or testing is classified in
general in the class providing for the art apparatus or
process. The line stated for particular classes should be
consulted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for devices responsive to specific gravity of liquids.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, (1)
Note, above)
54 for devices responsive to viscosity of liquids. (See
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
174 for feelers for gauges.(See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
227 for straight line light ray type and 300+ for indicator
of direction of force traversing natural media.(See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry,
(1) Note, above)
279 for pressure responsive diaphragms for volume or rate of
flow meters, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
322.5 for floats, per se. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, (1) Note, above)
335 for humidity responsive elements. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above)
501 for feelers for gauges. (See Lines With Other Classes,
Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
514.01 for acceleration responsive elements. (See Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1)
Note, above)
527 through 551, for speed responsive elements. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass Spectrometry,
(1) Note, above)
649 for devices responsive to and for measuring vibrations
of a body.(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
741 for Bourbon tubes, per se, for fluid pressure
gauges.(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1)
Note, above)
861.42 for devices responsive to differential pressures.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, (Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 70 for inspection
and examination of cloth. (Inspecting)
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, (Apparatus Or Process Combined
With Measuring Or Testing)
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, 226 especially subclass 227 for
apparatus and processes of detecting knots, bunches, or slubs
in threads.
33, Geometrical Instruments, for measuring and testing
involving only the determination of the characteristics and
mutual relation of points, lines, angles, surfaces and solids
and for mechanically guided means for describing lines. Class
73 has combinations of geometrical instruments with other
measuring or testing means. (Geometrical Instruments)
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 501, for feelers for
gauges 227+, for straight line light ray type and 300+, for
indicator of direction of force traversing natural media.
(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 88
for combinations having inspecting means as a part thereof.
(Inspecting)
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclass 88,
89 for such apparatus combined with inspecting, indicating or
testing means. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring
Or Testing)
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 14 for apparatus and processes
for ascertaining the life in seeds.(Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
74, Machine Element or Mechanism (Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
84, Music, (Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring Or
Testing)
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 285, 342+, for
infusors and cooking devices combined with measuring and
testing means.(Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring
Or Testing)
60, Power Plants, subclasses 527-531 for heat actuated
mechanisms producing force or motion and having no specified
motion utilizing structure (See Lines With Other Classes,
Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
65, Glass Manufacturing, 29.1 and 29.12+ for glassworking or
treating processes including programming, timing, cycle
control, inspecting, measuring, or testing; subclasses 158+
and 160+ for glassworking and treating apparatus with
inspection, programming, timing, cycle control, inspecting,
measuring, or testing means. (Inspecting)
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for gyroscopes.(See
Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above)
84, Music, subclass 409 for tuning forks.(See Lines With
Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses. For
the line between Class 73 and Class 92, see References to
Other Classes of the class definition of Class 92, under
SEARCH CLASS 73. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation, per se. Class 73 will take the combination of gas
separation and significant gas analysis. The combination of
gas separation and a nominal step of "analyzing" or
"detecting" without further detail of the analysis or
detection is insufficient to cause a patent to be placed in
Class 73; that patent will be placed in Class 95. Also, if
there is feedback from the analytical apparatus to control or
effect a change in the gas separating operation, then
classification is in Class 95. (Chemical)
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se. Class 73 will take the combination of gas
separation apparatus and significant gas analysis means. The
combination of gas separation apparatus and nominal means for
"analyzing" or "detecting" without further detail of the
analysis or detection means is insufficient to cause a patent
to be placed in Class 73; that patent will be placed in Class
96. Also, if there is feedback means from the analytical
apparatus to control or effect a change in the gas
separation, then classification is in Class 96. For volume or
rate of flow meters combined with gas and liquid separators,
see subclass 200 in Class 73. (Chemical)
101, Printing, 35, for selective printing machines in which
the control of the printing element selected is by a gauge
measuring the article printed upon and the article is other
than a rectangular sheet.(Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
116, Signals and Indicators, for devices for giving a signal
or indication other than electrical of the presence or
absence of a condition, and in 200 for nonelectrical
indicating means, such as dial and pointer structure, not
claimed in combination with any particular measuring or
testing means provided for in Class 73. Class 73 takes the
combination of measuring or testing means significantly
claimed combined with a signal or indicator, and devices that
respond to a condition and give a series of indications which
follow or vary with the variations of the condition wherein
more than a mere named operator for the signal or indicator
is included.(Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring Or
Testing)
118, Coating Apparatus, 712 for coating apparatus having
measuring or testing features. (Inspecting)
128, Surgery, (Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring
Or Testing)
128, Surgery, 630 for methods and apparatus for diagnosing
diseased or abnormal condition of the body. (Surgical)
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, (see also
Note 4), subclass 182 for batteries combined with testing or
indicating means.(Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, subclass 89
for electro-optical batteries and subclass 200, for thermal
sensitive batteries.(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
137, Fluid Handling, 227, 524 and 551+ for fluid handling
means combined with an indicator register, recorder, alarm or
inspection means. (See also (4) Note).(Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 90 for pipe plugs
having either provision for introducing a fluid into the pipe
or for the attachment of a gauge.(Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
148, Metal Treatment, 128 for process of heat treating metal
in the solid state; and involving also a measuring, testing
or sensing operation. The operation generally, is directed to
control of the heat treatment. (Chemical)
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 64 and 378 for laminating processes and apparatus
having measuring or testing features.(Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49, 198 and
263 for measuring and testing in combination with fiber
liberation or paper making.(Apparatus Or Process Combined
With Measuring Or Testing)
166, Wells, 250 for well processes including measuring and
testing means, subclass 264 for processes of merely sampling
a well fluid and appropriate subclasses for corresponding
apparatus and subclasses 64, 66 and 113 for well apparatus
including measuring or testing means.(Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weigher,
per se; for a weigher with features for making a test not
specifically provided for in Class 73; and for a weigher in
combination with another measuring device not provided for in
Class 73. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring Or
Testing)
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weigher,
per se; especially 50 for a weigher with features for making
a test not specifically provided for in Class 73; and
subclass 245 for a weigher in combination with another
measuring device not provided for in Class 73.
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for miscellaneous mechanical
detectors for sound waves.(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
181, Acoustics, 101, 123+ and 125 for devices analogous to
"sonic" or acoustical testing apparatus of this (73)
class.(Acoustical)
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, for check controlled
measuring and testing devices, and 302 for fraud preventing
coin-testing devices. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 502 for a conveyor
combined with load measuring means, and subclasses 504+ for a
conveyor combined with a load weighing means. (Apparatus Or
Process Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, for the
combination of a measuring instrument and a circuit
controller when specific structure of the circuit controller
is claimed. Class 73 takes the combination of a class 73
measuring instrument and a circuit controller when the
circuit controller is claimed broadly. In connection with
Class 200, the definitions of the subclasses of Class 73
which provide for measuring instruments combined with other
structure are modified by this note. (Apparatus Or Process
Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory, 1 for a process of
separatory distillation including a positive step of
determining a specific characteristic for control purposes.
(Chemical)
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
apparatus for performing electrolytic analysis and testing.
(Chemical)
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis and testing processes. (Chemical)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, (see also
the Class 209 reference for Inspecting), for testing and
assorting of solids in accordance with physical
characteristics, as by sifting materials to determine the
proportion of each size in the whole; attention is called
particularly to assorting in 509 which includes means for
testing or measuring objects and sorting them in accordance
with their characteristics. (Apparatus Or Process Combined
With Measuring Or Testing)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
702 for manual assorting involving inspecting means.
(Inspecting)
221, Article Dispensing, subclass 155 for article dispensers
not otherwise provided for, having transparent inspecting or
viewing means so that the articles can be dispensed and may
be inspected. (Inspecting)
222, Dispensing, 154, for inspecting devices combined with
fluent material dispensers so that the material to be
dispensed may be inspected. (Inspecting)
222, Dispensing, (see also Class 222 reference for
Inspecting), for dispensers which involve volume measuring,
and see section 6 of the main class definition of Class 222,
for the line with volume or rate of flow meters. The notes to
Class 222 set forth the search field for apparatus for
dispensing measured quantities of material.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), 33 for a selective
cutting device provided with stopping means responsive to
detection of improper treatment of work (e.g., failure to
punch in every column, or to follow a 2 - 5 code). (Apparatus
Or Process Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
235, Registers, subclass 61 for mechanical calculators and
subclass 92 for electrical counting techniques which may
include testing or measuring. (Apparatus Or Process Combined
With Measuring Or Testing)
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for solid
comminution combined with measuring or testing of material.
See section 12 of the main class definition of that class for
a statement of the line. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
248, Supports, subclass 27 for means for supporting an
instrument in a panel. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
250, Radiant Energy, for measuring and testing by radiant
energy and measuring radiant energy. See particularly
subclass 250 for wavemeters for radiated electro-magnetic
waves, 253+ for methods and apparatus to irradiate earth
material above or below the ground and testing the radiation
modified or emitted as a result or irradiation by the
material or testing the radiation emitted by the material,
281+ for methods and apparatus for the ionic separation or
analysis of materials, 306+ for methods and apparatus for the
inspection of solids or liquids by charged particles, 336.1+
for methods and apparatus including invisible radiant energy
responsive electric signalling having detectors sensitive to
infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, radio-active rays and neutron
radiation or to a radiation source modified by a tested
material: and 472.1+ for methods of detecting invisible
radiation by a nonelectrical detector or invisible radiation
nonelectrical detectors, per se. (Radiant Energy--also see
Optical references)
250, Radiant Energy, 336 for speed responsive devices using
an invisible radiation source and an electric signalling
device and, subclasses 459+ for speed responsive stroboscopes
using invisible radiation and a luminous screen.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 71 for fluorescent detectors
of ray energy, subclasses 83+ for miscellaneous detectors of
ray energy.(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry,
(1) Note, above)
250, Radiant energy, 281 for methods and apparatus for the
ionic separation or analysis of ionic material by the mass to
charge ratio of the ionic material (e.g., mass spectrometry).
(Electrical)
252, Compositions, subclass 408 for chemical indicating
compositions.(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass
Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
252, Compositions, subclass 299.01 for liquid crystal
compositions and subclass 408.1 for analytical, testing or
indicating compositions involved in a physical test
procedure. (Chemical)
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, for electric generating means
driven by a prime mover (a motor other than an electric
motor) having prime-mover controls (e.g., throttle, fuel
valve, etc.) which are characteristic of controls used on
prime movers. The line between Class 290 and Class 73 is as
follows: Where the claimed subject matter is clearly limited
to testing the prime mover, or where the generating means is
designated specifically as a "dynamometer", or a generator
having an absorption circuit (such as, for example, an
induction disk, or a resistor across the armature circuit of
the generator), original classification is in Class 73. Where
the generating means is claimed merely as a "generator" or a
"dynamo-electric machine" and the claim is not otherwise
limited to testing, original classification is in Class 290,
regardless of the specific disclosure. (Electrical)
292, Closure Fasteners, 307 for miscellaneous seals and
sealing devices, which may be employed in connection with
measuring and testing devices. (Apparatus Or Process Combined
With Measuring Or Testing)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclasses, for the structure of electrical generators. The
line between testing means which generate electricity in
Class 73 and generating means in Class 310 is as follows:
Where the claimed subject matter is limited to structural
details only of a dynamoelectric machine or a generator of a
dynamometer, original classification is in Class 310
regardless of the title or function assigned to the structure
(for example, a "dynamometer" having detailed structure set
forth which pertains only to the structure of the generating
mechanism, per se, is classifiable in class (310).
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 306
for pyromagnetic devices and subclass 311 for piezoelectric
devices. (See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry,
(1) Note, above)
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, see Note
3C.
315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, 364, for
processes and apparatus for testing such devices.
(Electrical)
320, Electricity: Battery and Condenser Charging and
Discharging, subclass 48. (Electrical)
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate
subclasses, for systems of control of electric generators of
general application. The line between testing means which
generate electricity in Class 73 and generating systems in
Class 322 is as follows: Where the claimed subject matter is
limited (either positively or by necessary inference) to a
system which includes a "dynamometer" or to a dynamoelectric
machine having an absorption circuit (such as for example a
dynamoelectric machine or generator having an eddy current
disk or an induction disk or having a resistor connected
across the output circuit thereof), original classification
is in Class 73. Where the claimed subject matter is limited
merely to an electric "generator" or to a "dynamoelectric
machine" in combination with control means therefor, original
classification is in Class 322, regardless of the disclosure,
except as noted herein above in the reference to Class 290.
(Electrical)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for testing to
determine electrical properties by electrical means even
though nonelectrical values are derived from the electrical
values determined. Note particularly 323 for ore detection
by determination of electrical properties, subclass 71.5 for
the determination of nonelectric properties by measuring
electric properties, and subclasses 76.11+ for the
measurement of electricity, per se. (Electrical)
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 68 for electrical
speed measurement. (Speed Measuring)
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for strain gauge type resistors
and subclasses 13+ for resistors whose value changes in
response to a condition or conditions. Also see the
Electrical reference to Class 338. (See Lines With Other
Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 includes resistors of the
strain gauge type together with the device which is subject
to deformation when not otherwise classifiable or with
structure securing the resistor to such a device. When the
meter, Wheatstone bridge connection, or other current
measuring device is claimed with the resistor in the above
combination, classification is in Class 73, especially
subclasses 763+ and 133+. Class 338, subclasses 13+, includes
resistors, per se, responsive in resistance value to a change
in condition, or resistors combined with a condition sensing
actuator which modifies the resistance value of the resistor,
such as indented subclasses 25+ for resistors responsive to
ambient temperature, subclass 33 for resistors with a float
actuator, subclasses 34+ for resistors with gas, vapor, or
moisture absorbing or collecting, subclasses 36+ for
resistors which are fluid or gas pressure actuated, and
subclass 47 for force actuated resistors. The inclusion of a
meter, Wheatstone bridge or other current measuring device in
series with the resistor in this combination would be
sufficient for classification in Class 73, especially
subclass 29 for moisture content or vapor pressure analysis,
subclasses 453 and 308 for float actuated resistors with
indicators, subclasses 133+ for dynamometers, and subclasses
398+ for fluid pressure gauges of the current modifying type.
(Electrical)
338, Electrical Resistors, see Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above.
340, Communications: Electrical, 670 for electrical speed
alarms. (Speed Measuring)
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 takes telemetric
signaling means useful in transmitting a measured quantity,
not limited to any particular measuring instrument provided
for in other classes, while Class 73 takes such telemetric
signaling means in combination with a particular measuring
means of the type provided for in Class 73. (Electrical)
Class 340 also, in subclasses 500+ takes electrical devices
permanently associated with the object or environment being
monitored for giving a signal or indication of the presence
or absence of a condition but wherein no quantitative
measurements may be made. Devices for making a quantitative
measurement of the type provided for in Class 73 in which the
instrument responds to a condition and a series of
indications are given which follow or vary with the
variations of the condition are in Class 73, even though
employing electrical signaling means, such as lamps, to
indicate visually the result. The general line is that Class
73 takes particular measuring or testing means, even though
claimed in combination with electric signaling means, while
Class 340 takes the signaling subcombination. (Electrical)
340, Communications: Electrical, see Mass Spectrometry, (1)
Note, above.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), see Mass Spectrometry, (1)
Note, above.
342, Communications: Directive, Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate
subclasses, for those utilizing transmitted radio wave
energy; see subclasses 1-205 for those utilizing reflected
or otherwise returned radio wave (radar) energy. (Speed
Measuring)
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclasses 1-205 for
miscellaneous apparatus and method which involve the use of a
reflected and/or otherwise returned radio wave (radar) system
for detecting an object, or to measure the distance,
direction and/or velocity of an object, and subclasses 350+
for directional radio. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical
references)
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 700 for antennas.
(See Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above)
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Speed Measuring)
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Time Measuring)
346, Recorders. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass. (Electrical)
351, Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,
200 for optical eye examining and vision testing instruments
such as optometers. (Optical, also see Radiant Energy
References)
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for processes and
apparatus which utilize visible light to measure the optical
properties of substances, test visible light for optical
properties and which use visible light to test for nonoptical
properties not classified elsewhere particularly 23 for
optical stroboscopes, subclasses 32+ for material strain
analysis, subclasses 43+ for optical pyrometers, subclasses
124+ for lens or reflective image former testing, subclasses
213+ for photometers and subclasses 237+ for visual flaw
inspection apparatus. (Optical, also see Radiant Energy
References)
362, Illumination, subclass 2, 138 and 139 for inspection
lamps. (Inspecting)
362, Illumination, (see also Class 362 reference for
Inspecting), 23 for measuring instrument dials combined with
illuminating means. (Apparatus Or Process Combined With
Measuring Or Testing)
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 550 wherein a data processing system or calculating
computer is utilized to effect a measuring, testing, or
monitoring operation on an external device or quantity,
wherein the external device or quantity is only nominally
claimed. When significant structure to the measuring or
testing device is claimed, classification is in Class 73.
(Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 141 for underwater vibration detectors and
subclasses 178+ for geophysical vibration transducers. (See
Lines With Other Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note,
above)
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses and the classes specified under "SEARCH CLASS" in
the class and subclass definitions. (Time Measuring)
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 53 for an
indication or test of an information storage or retrieval
device or element thereof. (See Lines With Other Classes,
Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, see Note 4.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, for testing to determine
a thermal condition or property of a specimen. (Electrical)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 6 for determination of
distance or position by measuring a thermal quantity related
thereto. (Geometrical Instruments)
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, for the combination of a
thermal test and a thermal test and a nonthermal test.
(Apparatus Or Process Combined With Measuring Or Testing)
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 153 for detection of radiation by an induced
nuclear reaction; subclasses 207+ for means to control a
nuclear reaction; subclasses 207+ for means to control a
nuclear reactor which means may include measuring and testing
means; and subclasses 245+ for measuring or testing means;
and subclasses 245+ for measuring or testing a fission
reactor condition. (Chemical)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses, especially 50, 105+ and 129+ for analyzing
apparatus involving means for causing, promoting, regulating,
or controlling a chemical reaction. (Chemical)
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 55 for structured
visual or optical indicator, per se, such as a litmus paper
or other chemical test papers. (See Lines With Other Classes,
Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, 1.11
for Class 424 compositions containing a radionuclide and
subclasses 9.1+ for compositions and methods for diagnosing
or testing for a body condition or determining the potency of
a medicine in a living being. (Biological)
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for class defined in vivo test
compositions and methods, particularly 1.11 wherein a
radionuclide or intended radionuclide is recited. (Radiant
Energy--also see Optical references)
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 616
for a bimetallic element, per se. (See Lines With Other
Classes, Mass Spectrometry, (1) Note, above)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 4 for
processes in which there is a direct or indirect qualitative
or quantitative measurement or test of a material which
contains an enzyme or microorganism as well as processes in
which a material containing an enzyme or microorganism is
used to perform a qualitative or quantitative measurement or
test, and compositions therefor and the processes of making
such compositions; and subclasses 287.1+ for an apparatus for
performing the above processes. (Chemical)
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
35 for a test method which involves both an enzyme or
microbial reaction and the use of a radioactive material and
subclass 288.7 for an optical enzyme or microbial reaction
measuring and testing device in combination. (Radiant
Energy--also see Optical references)
436, Chemistry: Analytical And Immunological Testing, 57 for
a test method (which involves both a chemical reaction (e.g.,
ion exchange) and a measurement of radioactivity or isotope
distribution. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical references)
455, Telecommunications, subclass 2, 67.1+, 115 and 226 for
measuring and testing of modulated carrier wave
communications. (Radiant Energy--also see Optical
references)
494, Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, subclass 10,
for apparatus of that class provided with means for measuring
or testing. (Apparatus or Process Combined With Measuring or
Testing)
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 1
for measurement system in a specific environment, subclasses
85+ for calibrating or correction system, subclasses 108+ for
testing system, and subclasses 127+ for generic measurement
system. Class 73 takes the combination of register claimed
broadly or specifically in combination with significant
measuring or testing of the type provided for in Class 73.
(Electrical)
935, Genetic Engineering: Recombinant DNA Technology, Hybrid
or Fused Cell Technology, and Related Manipulations of
Nucleic Acids, which provides a search collection for
processes of altering the genetic structure of
micro-organisms; genes and methods of modifying genes and
their expression; vectors and methods of modifying vectors;
methods of introducing DNA into a cell; microorganisms, per
se, which have had their genetic sequence altered by
recombinant DNA techniques or by cell fusion or by uptake of
DNA; testing; separation techniques; apparatus; and methods
of use of vectors or of the genetically engineered
micro-organisms; methods of gene therapy or genetic
modification of living organisms. (Chemical; and Radiant
Energy {and see Optical references})
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1.01
INSTRUMENT PROVING OR CALIBRATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for (a)
ascertaining (i.e., proving) the quality of a measuring
device, a testing device, or a condition responsive device by
testing the respective device, or (b) checking, adjusting, or
standardizing systematically (i.e., calibrating) the
graduations of a quantitative measuring instrument or a
condition responsive device (e.g., sensors, safety valves,
etc.).
(1) Note. Where the proving or calibrating is by measuring
means or testing means of a kind provided for in another
measuring or testing class, the subject matter is found in
the other measuring or testing class. See such measuring or
testing class and the Lines With Other Classes to this class
definition.
(2) Note. Where more structure of a measuring device, a
testing device, or a condition responsive device is recited
than that which is necessary to (a) prove or calibrate or (b)
identify the measuring device, the testing device, or the
condition responsive device, the subject matter goes with the
analyzer or the condition responsive device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 455 for a line condition change
responsive valve.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate
subclasses for mechanical switches with adjustment means.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for measuring
invisible light combined with calibration, particularly
subclass 252.1 for (a) a method for establishing a reference
indication of invisible radiation or (b) a method of error
determination or correction using a reference indication of
invisible radiation level; and subclass 363.09 for a method
of invisible radiant energy responsive electrical signalling
with a radiant energy source and with calibration.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 48 for test or calibration
structure for an active solid-state device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 74 for
testing or calibrating electric meters by purely electrical
means; subclass 130 for systems for measuring, testing, or
sensing electricity, per se, with self calibration; subclass
202 for calibration of magnetic measuring or testing systems;
and subclass 601 for calibration of impedance, admittance, or
other electrically stimulated response measuring or testing
systems.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 501 for an
apparatus for providing a humanly perceptible signal in
response to a predetermined condition (e.g., alarms) combined
with calibration or compensation means and subclass 870.04
for a telemetry system combined with calibration means.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), 165 for testing or
calibrating of a radar system.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for an apparatus for measuring or testing by measuring
visible light combined with proving or testing means,
especially subclass 6 for testing or indicating the
condition of a range finder with regards to its adjustment,
alignment, or calibration by measuring visible light;
subclass 46 for an electric light utilizing a lamp as a
standard for photometry or optical pyrometry measuring;
subclass 124 for lens or reflective image former testing in
general; and subclass 243 for an apparatus for measuring or
testing visible light including structure for a basis for
comparison with a specimen or a portion thereof under test.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 571.01
for the use of an electronic calculator to adjust a
measurement device.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 1 for calibration or
testing of a thermally responsive device.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 29 for calibrating
or testing an electrical counter.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 207 for
a testing or calibration accessory of an X-ray or gamma ray
system.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
967 for a cross-reference art collection of standards,
controls, materials (e.g., validation studies, buffer
systems, etc.).
Subclass:
1.02
Gas or liquid analyzer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device which is being proven or
calibrated either (1) detects or measures the composition of,
or some constituent or an identifying characteristic of a gas
or gaseous mixture or (2) detects or determines the
composition of, a constituent of, or a property of a liquid
or a liquid suspension of a solid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.2 for a gas analyzer or sensor, per se, in particular
subclasses 23.21+ for a gas analyzer including means for
making a correction for an undesirable variation in a
condition within an apparatus or in a test result due to such
condition.
53.01 for liquid testing (e.g., liquid chromatography), per
se.
73 for detecting the moisture content of a material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 401 for
fault testing of a sensor or a component of an electrolytic
analysis and testing apparatus and subclass 408 for such an
analysis or testing apparatus with means for temperature or
pressure compensation.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for the detection of a gas either
within or emanating from the earth by invisible radiation
emanating from the gas naturally or as a result of
irradiation by invisible radiation; and subclasses 336.1+ for
testing of a gas by utilizing an electric signalling device
detecting radiation induced or emitted naturally or detecting
infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma radiation or neutrons
modified by the gas.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for testing an electrical property of a gas, in
particular 464 for analyzing gas using ionization effects.
338, Electrical Resistors, 34 for a resistor, per se, which
is responsive to the condition of a gas wherein no
quantitative measurements of the gas are disclosed.
340, Communications: Electrical, 632 for an electrical
indicator providing a humanly perceptible signal representing
a predetermined condition of a gas.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 402 for gas analysis
utilizing a colorimeter to determine the shade or color of
the gas.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze gas.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 68 for a process which utilizes a chemical reaction
to analyze gas.
Subclass:
1.03
Reference standard:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.02. Subject
matter including a means for providing a reference criterion
and wherein the apparatus for proving or calibrating uses the
reference criterion for comparison purposes for proving or
calibrating the device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 427 for an
electrolytic gas sample sensor, per se, combined with a gas
reference material; and subclass 435 for a standard reference
electrode in an electrolytic analysis or testing apparatus.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 243 for an
apparatus for measuring or testing visible light including
structure forming a basis for comparison with a specimen or a
portion thereof under test.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
particularly 8 for a composition for standardization,
calibration, simulation, or processes of use in preparation
for chemical testing.
Subclass:
1.04
Permeable outlet or flawed element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.03. Subject
matter wherein the reference standard comprises (a) a barrier
having interstices, pores, or micropores through which the
liquid or gas diffuses or (b) a solid body having a known
imperfection which is detected by the gas or liquid.
Subclass:
1.05
Piston, sprayer, nozzle, or orifice:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.03. Subject
matter wherein the reference standard comprises either (a) a
solid cylinder or disk that fits snugly into a large cylinder
and moves back and forth under fluid pressure (i.e., a
piston), (b) a means for discharging a fine jet of liquid
from a pressurized container (i.e., a sprayer), (c) a tube
having a taper or constriction (i.e., a nozzle), or (d) an
opening (i.e., an orifice).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for either (a) proving or calibrating a flowmeter
having a nozzle or (b) using a flowmeter having a nozzle to
prove or calibrate a device.
216 for a Weir type flowmeter having a constriction in the
form of a submerged orifice or discharge nozzle.
294 for a liquid level or depth gauge having a funnel or
hose nozzle.
861.61 for a flowmeter having a pressure differential type
(a) orifice or (b) flow nozzle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate
subclasses for a sprayer or a nozzle, per se.
Subclass:
1.06
Gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.02. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device which is being
proven or calibrated is an apparatus for detecting or
measuring the composition of or some constituent of a gas or
gaseous mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.2 for a gas analyzer or sensor, per se, in particular
subclasses 23.21+ for a gas analyzer including means for
making a correction for an undesirable variation in a
condition within an apparatus or in a test result due to such
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for an
electrochemical gas sensor, per se.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, particularly 464
for analyzing gas using ionization effects and appropriate
subclasses for testing gas by measuring impedance,
admittance, and related quantities.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze a gas, particularly
subclass 89 for gas chromatography.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
particularly subclass 68 for a process utilizing a chemical
reaction for determining the gases in the blood and
subclasses 161+ for chromatography.
Subclass:
1.07
Span or zero:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.06. Subject
matter wherein the measuring, testing, or condition
responsive device produces an output signal in response to a
condition being sensed and wherein the device is proven or
calibrated by setting a range of values or a base value for
the output signal.
Subclass:
1.08
Dynamometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
measures or determines force, torque, work, or mechanical
power.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a dynamometer may
either be employed to measure an applied load or to apply a
measured load (e.g., for test purposes).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.39 for a viscometer measuring shearing torque between
parallel surfaces wherein more structure of the force
measuring device is recited than is necessary to describe the
calibrating apparatus.
862 for a dynamometer, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses, in particular
subclass 50 for a weighing scale combined with testing
wherein more structure of the force measuring device is
recited than is necessary to describe the calibrating
apparatus.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 338
for a force responsive piezoelectric sensor combined with
mechanical energy coupling means.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for a dynamometer controlling a motor, in
particular subclass 646 for a positional servo system with
force or weight measuring.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 727 for
piezoelectric crystal testing.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for strain
gauges, per se, in particular subclass 5 for a dynamometer
type strain gauge, and subclass 47 for a force actuated
electrical resistor.
340, Communications: Electrical, 665 for an electrical
indicating system providing a humanly perceptible signal in
response to a predetermined force or stress.
FORCE:
The strength or energy exerted upon or brought to bear or the
cause of motion or change in motion or a state of rest.
POWER:
The rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is
transferred.
TORQUE:
A turning or twisting force or a force that produces or tends
to produce rotation or torsion.
WORK:
The transference of energy that is produced by motion at the
point of application of force which is measured by
multiplying the force and the displacement of its point of
application in the line of action.
Subclass:
1.09
Torque:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.08. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated is
responsive to a force couple or moment of force that induces
or resists rotation of a body about a point or an axis (i.e.,
torque).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.041 for dynamometers comprising means responsive to
plural torques wherein more structure of the force measuring
device is recited than is necessary to describe the
calibrating apparatus.
862.08 for a device for measuring torque, work, or power
comprising sensing means responsive to a force couple or
moment of force that induces or resists rotation of a body
about a point or axis combined with a calibrating apparatus
wherein more structure of the force measuring device is
recited than is necessary to describe the calibrating
apparatus.
Subclass:
1.11
Electrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.09. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
comprises means for having an effect resulting from the
existence of stationary or moving electric charges.
Subclass:
1.12
Wrench:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.09. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated is a
hand or power tool with fixed or adjustable jaws for twisting
or turning an object.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.21 for torque measuring wrench.
Subclass:
1.13
Weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.08. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
measures, tests, or is responsive to a measure of the
heaviness of an object.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses, in particular
subclass 50 for a weighing scale combined with testing
wherein more structure of the force measuring device is
recited than is necessary to describe the calibrating
apparatus.
Subclass:
1.14
Rotor unbalance or a roller having a smooth surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.08. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
either (1) determines the amount of or the location of a mass
or force causing unbalance in a rotatable body or (2) tests
or measures a physical characteristic of or is responsive to
a rotating cylindrical shaped body having a surface free of
roughness, irregularities, or projections.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for rotor unbalance measuring or testing, per se.
Subclass:
1.15
Load cell (e.g., strain gauge or piezoelectric sensor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.08. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
comprises a means which produces a signal in response to a
force being applied thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
760 for measuring a specimen stress or strain or for testing
by stress or strain application.
862 for dynamometers where strain in a part of the measuring
apparatus itself is utilized as an index of power applied
thereto or transmitted thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or
Locked-Threaded Fastener, 8 for fastener devices having
means functioning to facilitate measuring or to denote the
attainment of a desired stress or strain in a fastener device
in situ.
Subclass:
1.16
Volume of flow, speed of flow, volume rate of flow, or mass
rate of flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
determines (1) a size or extent of flow of a fluent material,
(2) a rate of flow of a fluent material, (3) a rate of motion
of a specific dimensional amount of a fluent material, or (4)
a response of a fluent material due to an acceleration other
than in the normal direction of flow of the fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.01 for fluid flow direction determination, in particular
subclasses 170.11+ for fluid flow velocity determination.
861 for volume of flowmeters or rate of flowmeters and
combinations of which they are a part.
Subclass:
1.17
Plug with leak detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter including a movable barrier for the introduction of a
known flow volume combined with a means sensing an
undesirable escape of a fluent material through an opening
wherein the proving or the calibrating is performed by
utilizing the movement of the barrier for the introduction of
a known flow volume.
Subclass:
1.18
Sphere:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein the movement of a three-dimensional surface,
having all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point
(e.g., a ball), is used for introducing a known flow volume.
Subclass:
1.19
Piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein the movement of a solid cylinder or disk that
fits snugly into a large cylinder and moves back and forth
under fluid pressure or displaces or compresses fluid is
utilized for introducing a known flow volume.
Subclass:
1.21
With plural pistons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.19. Subject
matter wherein the movement of more than one piston in a
cylinder is utilized for introducing a known flow volume.
Subclass:
1.22
With magnetic or optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.19. Subject
matter including either (a) a body having properties of
attracting materials, as iron, by virtue of a surrounding
field of force created by motion of its atomic electrons and
the alignment of its atoms which change in response to the
movement of the piston or (b) a body whose response to light
changes in response to the movement of the piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, for a photocell circuit generating
positional information.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 200 for measuring
using a magnetic sensor, per se, especially subclasses
207.11+ for determination of a displacement using a magnetic
sensor, per se.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 372 for optical
measuring and testing by mensuration.
Subclass:
1.23
With position sensing switch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.19. Subject
matter including a means for opening or closing an electrical
circuit or for diverting current from one conductor to
another conductor in response to a change in position of the
piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.04 for a
liquid level responsive switch.
Subclass:
1.24
Tracer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter comprising either (a) an identification substance that
can be followed through the course of a process, providing
information on the pattern of events in the process or on the
redistribution of parts or elements involved (i.e., a tracer
substance) and a detector means wherein (1) the tracer
substance is introduced into the fluid at a fixed rate and
(2) the detector means is placed downstream of the fluid flow
and is responsive to a concentration of a tracer substance or
(b) a fixed concentration of an identification substance that
can be followed through the course of a process, providing
information on the pattern of events in the process or on the
redistribution of parts or elements involved (i.e., a tracer
substance) and a detector means wherein (1) the fixed
concentration of the tracer substance is introduced into the
fluid and (2) the detector means is placed downstream of the
fluid flow and is responsive to the rate of introduction of
the fixed concentration of the substance.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass, a body or
substance that moves along with the fluid flow without
impeding the fluid flow is a tracer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.04 for determining the direction of fluid flow by use of
a tracer.
861.05 for determining a fluid flow rate by measuring the
time required for a tracer placed in the fluid to travel from
one position to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for an invisible
radiation tracer for measuring fluent flow, especially 259
for the use of tracer material in a well to test for leakage
into or out of a well, subclasses 302+ for flow metering
using invisible radiation type tracer methods, subclasses
306+ for rate of flow testing using charge particles,
subclass 356.2 for flow metering using a radioactive tracer,
and subclass 359.1 for use of invisible radio tracers for
fluent material level tests.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclass 51 for
X-ray devices which may include flow metering.
Subclass:
1.25
Orifice or restriction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the proving or calibrating
apparatus or (b) the device being proven or calibrated either
comprises (1) an opening sending out a controlled amount of
flow of the fluent material or (2) a structure allowing a
controlled amount of flow of the fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.52 for utilizing an apparatus for measuring a
differential device having a restriction to make a volume or
rate of flow determination, especially subclasses 861.61+ for
utilizing an apparatus for measuring a differential device
having a restriction or orifice to make a volume or rate of
flow determination.
Subclass:
1.26
Nozzle or venturi:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.25. Subject
matter wherein the proving or calibrating apparatus or the
device being proven or calibrated comprises (a) a tube having
a taper or a constriction through which the fluent material
passes or (b) a means having flared ends connected by a
constricted middle through which the fluent material passes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.62 for utilizing an apparatus for measuring a
differential device having a restriction and a flow nozzle to
make a volume or rate of flow determination.
Subclass:
1.27
Turbine, geared meter, pulse activated or counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated comprises either (1) a motor operated by water,
steam, or air directed against cups, blades, or vanes on the
rim of a wheel (i.e., turbine), (2) an instrument that
measures fluent material passing through it via the use of
rotary driven indicating members (i.e., geared meter), (3) a
means having a property which changes in response to
regularly occurring stimuli (i.e., pulse activated), or (4) a
meter for totaling a parameter related to flow (i.e.,
counter).
Subclass:
1.28
Turbine or geared meter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.27. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
includes either (1) a motor operated by water, steam, or air
directed against cups, blades, or vanes on the rim of a wheel
or (2) an instrument that measures fluent material passing
through it via the use of rotary driven indicating members
(i.e., geared meter).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.79 for utilizing a turbine to make a volume or rate of
flow determination.
Subclass:
1.29
Anemometer or pitot tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated includes either (1) a means for measuring speed of
wind or (2) a means that includes a tube which is placed in a
moving body of fluid and is used to measure a kinetic head.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.84 for utilizing anemometer to make a volume or rate of
flow determination.
Subclass:
1.31
With liquid level monitor or timer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter including (a) an apparatus for determining a
predetermined level or depth of a body of liquid or sensing a
predetermined level or depth of body of liquid or (b) an
apparatus for measuring the time for travel of a fluid from
one point to another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.73 for calibrating liquid level measuring devices.
290 for liquid level measuring, per se.
Subclass:
1.32
Prover bell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Subject
matter which includes a bell-shaped object for introducing a
known volume into (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated.
Subclass:
1.33
With floating element or weighing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein (a) the apparatus for proving or calibrating
the device or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
includes either (1) an element which lies in a liquid without
sinking or which is suspended in a gas or (2) an element for
measuring the heaviness of the fluent material.
Subclass:
1.34
With signal processing, span or set point adjustment (e.g.,
zero correction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein the apparatus for calibrating or proving
comprises means for (a) performing a significant operation on
an electrical signal in accordance with an algorithm or
electronic circuitry, (b) performing an arithmetical or some
limited logic operation to adjust a multiplier or scale, or
(c) adjusting a base value (span) or an offset (e.g., zero
correction).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.88 for a proving or calibrating apparatus or a device
being proven or calibrated other than a volume of flow, speed
of flow, volume rate of flow, or mass rate of flow involving
span or zero setting.
861.01 for a flowmeter with indirect temperature or density
compensation.
Subclass:
1.35
With pressure measurement or plural flowmeters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
comprises (1) means for determining a force per unit area
exerted by the fluid or (2) more than one means for measuring
a flow of a fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.57 for a proving or calibrating apparatus or a device
being proven or calibrated other than a volume of flow, speed
of flow, volume rate of flow, or mass rate of flow type and
utilizing fluent pressure measurement.
700 for a fluid pressure gauge, per se.
Subclass:
1.36
Metering dispenser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating a device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated is a measuring means which issues out fluent
material in portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for the testing of pumps or hydraulic equipment.
Subclass:
1.37
Speed, velocity, or acceleration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating or (b) the device being proven or calibrated
detects or determines either (1) a time rate of change of
position of a body (i.e., speed), (2) or a time rate of
change of position of a body in a given direction (i.e., or
velocity), or (3) a time rate of change of speed or velocity
of a body (i.e., acceleration).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for other than purely electrically or purely optically
measuring speed, velocity, or acceleration in testing a
vehicle brake.
167 for other than purely electrically or purely optically
measuring speed, velocity, or acceleration in testing a
projectile.
178 for other than a purely electrically or a purely
optically measuring speed, velocity, or acceleration to test
navigational instrument.
488 for utilizing an inertial element for mechanical speed,
velocity, or acceleration measuring and electrical speed,
velocity, or acceleration measuring other than a purely
electrical or purely optical measuring type utilizing an
inertial element; in particular, subclasses 514.01+ for an
acceleration measuring apparatus utilizing an inertial
element.
507 for comparing the speed of one device with another by
measuring speed by means being other than purely electrical
or purely optical.
652 for apparatus for sensing vibrations by an inertial
element.
861 for fluid flow rate measuring other than by a purely
electrical or a purely optical measuring means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 231 and 232 for
straight-line-light ray sighting instruments involving speed;
subclasses 300+ for direction sensing and indicating
instruments which may involve speed measuring of a non-purely
electrical or non-purely optical measuring type, particularly
subclasses 318+ wherein a gyroscope is utilized for
controlling or stabilizing purposes; and subclasses 391+ for
pendulums which may respond to and be calibrated in terms of
acceleration.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for measuring
invisible light to measure speed where no manual manipulation
is involved.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 160 for purely
electrical speed measuring.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring visible light to determine speed.
Subclass:
1.38
Accelerometer utilizing an inertial element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.37. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated
comprises an inertial member having an intrinsic or
relational property which changes in response to a time rate
of change of speed or velocity of a body which can be used to
measure acceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for an acceleration measuring apparatus or method
including means retaining a reading of maximum acceleration.
503.3 for determining speed by utilizing a gyroscope for
combining acceleration and time.
504.03 for using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect on an
inertial element to determine both angular rate and linear
acceleration.
652 for an apparatus sensing vibrations by use of an
inertial member.
866.2 for a process or an apparatus for measuring a time
rate of change in a sensed condition not provided for
elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 28 for a mechanical indicator,
per se, which provides a humanly perceptible signal in
response to acceleration and includes no quantitative
measuring means.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 329
for an inertia operated mechanical energy coupling means for
a piezoelectric element or device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 162 for a
purely electrical speed measuring means including an
electrical accelerometer which senses acceleration by means
other than an inertial element.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 669 for an
electrical indicator or alarm which provides a humanly
perceptible signal in response to a predetermined
acceleration and provides no indication of a quantitative
measurement.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for an apparatus or a
process for determining acceleration by measuring visible
light and involving no mechanical manipulation.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for an
acceleration responsive capacitor.
Subclass:
1.39
Involving pendulum or impact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.38. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the inertial member either
comprises or is supported by an object suspended from a fixed
support so that it is free to swing back and forth or (b) the
device is responsive to a force resulting from collision of
one body with another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multi-sensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration and including a
vibratory inertial body.
504.12 for measuring angular velocity using gyroscopic or
Coriolis effect on a vibratory inertial body.
514.15 for acceleration measuring by means of a vibratory
inertial mass.
514.29 for measuring acceleration by means of a vibrating
sensor.
514.36 for acceleration measuring by means of a pendulum
type inertial element wherein no rebalance is recited.
570 for a vibrator, per se, used in testing or the testing
of a vibrator.
Subclass:
1.41
Optical or magnetic sensing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.37. Subject
matter comprising a sensing means whose characteristic
changes in response to a light beam being modified in
accordance with the change in the property of an inertial
member due to the speed or velocity of the body or the
sensing means comprising a body whose magnetic characteristic
changes in response to the change in the property of the
inertial member due to the speed or velocity of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for an inertial type vibration sensing means having a
light beam indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.14 for a condition responsive light
guide and subclasses 231.1+ for a light valve actuated by an
external dynamic physical quantity.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, for a magnet or an electromagnet, per
se.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 30 for an inductor device
having an acceleration responsive inductance adjusting
means.
Subclass:
1.42
Timing apparatus (e.g., fuse, camera, or shutter):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated measures
passage of time.
Subclass:
1.43
Chronometer (e.g., clock, watch, or watch unbalance):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.42. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated includes
means providing a humanly perceptible indication of a passage
of time.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclasses for a timer, per se.
Subclass:
1.44
Using antenna or radio frequency (RF):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.43. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated either (1) includes a metallic device for
transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves (i.e., an
antenna) or (2) utilizes a frequency lying in the range of
frequencies, between about 3 kilohertz and 300 gigahertz,
over which electromagnetic radiation is used in radio
transmission (i.e., radio frequency).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for
an antenna, per se.
Subclass:
1.45
Using optical sensor or element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.43. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes a means whose optical
characteristic changes in response to a stimulus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for an optical
sensor, per se.
Subclass:
1.46
With sound sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.45. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes a means whose characteristic
changes in response to sound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for a vibration or sound testing sensor.
Subclass:
1.47
Resilient element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.45. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes a means having the capacity of
returning to an original form immediately upon the withdrawal
of a force which causes compression or distortion.
Subclass:
1.48
Using sound sensor or piezoelectric vibration sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.43. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes either (1) a means having a
characteristic which changes in response to sound or (2) an
element which produces electricity in response to pressure
being applied thereto by a detection of vibration.
(1) Note. A tick detector, unless otherwise set forth, is
found here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for a vibration or sound testing sensor.
Subclass:
1.49
Plural watches or plural sensors:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.48. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated includes
at least two chronometers or transducers.
Subclass:
1.51
Resilient element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.48. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes a means having a capacity of
returning to an original form immediately upon the withdrawal
of a force which causes compression or distortion.
Subclass:
1.52
Plural watches:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.43. Subject
matter wherein the devices being proven or calibrated
includes at least two chronometers.
Subclass:
1.53
With resilient element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.43. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the chronometer or (b) the chronometer being
proven or calibrated includes a means having a capacity of
returning to an original form immediately upon the withdrawal
of a force which causes compression or distortion.
Subclass:
1.54
Coil spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.53. Subject
matter wherein the resilient element is a spirally wound
elastic member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, 166 for coil springs, per se.
Subclass:
1.55
Plural coil springs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.54. Subject
matter wherein the resilient element comprises at least two
spirally wound elastic members.
Subclass:
1.56
Optical instrument (e.g., camera shutter) or optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.42. Subject
matter wherein the timer being proven or calibrated is either
(a) an instrument which is operated by light or (b) an
element whose characteristic changes in response to light.
Subclass:
1.57
Fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated either
(a) measures fluid pressure or (b) is responsive to fluid
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for a fluid pressure gauge.
Subclass:
1.58
Vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the fluid pressure measuring device uses
subatmospheric pressure or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated is responsive to or measures a subatmospheric
pressure.
Subclass:
1.59
With signal correction or processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter including either (a) a means for (1) performing an
operation on an electrical signal to or from the fluid
pressure measuring device in accordance with a set of rules
which result in a significant change in the signal or (2)
performing an arithmetical or some limited logic operation
upon or with a signal to or from the fluid pressure
responsive or measuring device in a systematic manner or (b)
a means for adjusting an electrical signal either from the
fluid pressure responsive device or the fluid pressure
measuring device to a desired value.
Subclass:
1.61
Span:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.59. Subject
matter wherein the pressure responsive device is tested or
calibrated for accuracy at at least two pressures.
Subclass:
1.62
Zero:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.59. Subject
matter wherein the pressure responsive device is adjusted or
checked for accuracy by checking its response to a reference
pressure.
Subclass:
1.63
With reference source or attachment therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.59. Subject
matter including (a) a means for providing a standard or a
known pressure during the proving or calibration of either
the device which (1) measures fluid pressure or (2) is
responsive to fluid pressure or (b) an element adapted to be
affixed to a means for providing a standard or a known
pressure during the proving or calibrating of the device
which either (1) measures pressure or (2) is responsive to
fluid pressure.
Subclass:
1.64
Varying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.63. Subject
matter wherein the provided standard or the known pressure
varies during the proving or calibrating of the fluid
pressure measuring or the fluid pressure responsive device.
Subclass:
1.65
Dead weight type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter including a reference pressure source comprising a
known weight acting as a sole force or pressure on a known
area.
Subclass:
1.66
Varying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter including means providing a standard or the known
pressure which varies during the proving or calibrating of
either the fluid pressure measuring device or the fluid
pressure responsive device.
Subclass:
1.67
Using or containing liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.66. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus proving or
calibrating the fluid pressure measuring device or the fluid
pressure responsive device, (b) the pressure measuring means,
or (c) the fluid pressure responsive means uses or includes a
liquid.
Subclass:
1.68
With piston and cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter including a cylindrical solid element movable in and
snugly fitted in a cylindrical housing and wherein either (a)
the apparatus for proving or calibrating the fluid pressure
measuring device or the fluid pressure responsive device, (b)
the device for measuring the fluid pressure, or (c) the
device responsive to the fluid pressure includes the solid
element and the cylindrical housing.
Subclass:
1.69
Using or containing liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus proving or
calibrating the fluid pressure measuring device or the fluid
pressure responsive device, (b) the pressure measuring means,
or (c) the fluid pressure responsive means uses or includes a
liquid.
Subclass:
1.71
Pressure activated device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.57. Subject
matter wherein the pressure responsive device which is being
proven or calibrated performs a nonpressure function in
response to pressure.
Subclass:
1.72
Valve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.71. Subject
matter wherein the pressure activated device comprises a body
that regulates the flow of gases, liquids, or loose materials
through structure, as a pipe, or through an aperture by
opening, closing, or obstructing a port or a passageway or
movable control element of such body.
Subclass:
1.73
Liquid level or volume measuring apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated measures either (1) a height of liquid contained
in a body or (2) an amount of material contained in a body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for volume measuring, per se.
290 for liquid level measuring or testing, per se.
Subclass:
1.74
Volumetric dispenser (e.g., pipette):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.73. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated deals out a fixed amount of a content of a body in
portions.
Subclass:
1.75
Angle, direction, or inclination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated (1) measures the figure formed by two lines
diverging from a common point (i.e., angle), (2) a position
to which motion or another position is referred (i.e.,
direction), or (3) a deviation from a horizontal or vertical
reference point (i.e., inclination).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for
instruments for measuring an angle, a direction, or an
inclination.
Subclass:
1.76
Compass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.75. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated indicates direction (north, south, east or west or
combinations thereof).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for
instruments for measuring an angle, a direction, or an
inclination.
Subclass:
1.77
Gyroscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.75. Subject
matter including a spinning mass, usually a disk or wheel,
the spin axis of which turns between two low friction
supports and maintains its angular orientation with respect
to inertial coordinates when not subjected to external
torques wherein the spinning mass is either (a) a part of the
apparatus for proving or calibrating the device or (b) the
device being proven or calibrated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for special features of
gyroscope, per se, and especially subclass 5.22 as the
generic place for gyroscopes combined with other structure.
Subclass:
1.78
Aircraft, inertial navigation, or attitude:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.75. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device includes an aircraft or (b) the device
being proven or calibrated either (1) is used in inertial
navigation (e.g., monitoring aircraft angle, direction, or
navigation), (2) is responsive to inertial navigation, or (3)
is responsive to attitude.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 for navigation testing.
Subclass:
1.79
Displacement, motion, distance, or position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated measures
a vector or magnitude of a vector, the act or process of
changing location, the length of a line segment joining two
points, or where an object is placed.
Subclass:
1.81
Length, width, or height:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.79. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated measures
a spatial extent.
Subclass:
1.82
Apparatus for measuring by use of vibration or apparatus for
measuring vibration (e.g., acoustic or ultrasonic):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus being proven or
calibrated undergoes a rapid linear motion about an
equilibrium position or (b) the apparatus being proven or
calibrated, tested, or adjusted measures a rapid linear
motion of a body about an equilibrium position.
Subclass:
1.83
Liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.82. Subject
matter wherein either the (a) apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated uses or includes a fluid exhibiting a readiness to
flow, little or no tendency to disperse, or relatively high
incompressibility.
Subclass:
1.84
Rotary or rotor unbalance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.82. Subject
matter wherein either the (a) apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated includes either (1) a device undergoing angular
motion or (2) an apparatus for determining the amount and/or
location of masses or force causing unbalance in rotatable
bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for measuring rotor unbalance, per se.
455 for a propeller rotor unbalance test.
Subclass:
1.85
Seismic (e.g., geophone) or with optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.82. Subject
matter wherein either (a) the apparatus for proving or
calibrating the device or (b) the device being proven or
calibrated includes either (1) a device relating to an
earthquake or earth tremor or (2) a device whose optical
characteristic changes in response to sensing vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for a sensing apparatus having an inertial element with
a light beam indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 13 for testing, monitoring, or calibrating
acoustic wave systems or devices used for electrical
communications.
Subclass:
1.86
Reference standard detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.82. Subject
matter including a means for providing reference criterion
which is used for or intended to be used for comparison
purposes in order to prove, calibrate, test, or adjust the
measuring, testing, or condition responsive device and
wherein significance is attributed to the means for providing
the reference criterion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 427 for an
electrolytic gas sample sensor, per se, combined with a gas
reference material; and subclass 435 for a standard reference
electrode in an electrolytic analysis or testing apparatus.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 243 for an
apparatus for measuring or testing visible light including
structure forming a basis for comparison with a specimen or a
portion thereof under test.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
particularly 8 for a composition for standardization,
calibration, simulation, or processes of use in preparation
for chemical testing.
Subclass:
1.87
Centrifuge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated includes
a sample holding device designed to rapidly rotate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.02 for (a) an apparatus for proving or calibrating a
device for measuring or testing a liquid or a liquid
suspension of a solid by use of a centrifuge or (b) proving
or calibrating a device using a centrifuge for measuring or
testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid.
53.01 for an analysis of a liquid or a liquid suspension of
a solid by use of a centrifuge.
Subclass:
1.88
Span or set point adjustment (e.g., zero correction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated produces
an output signal in response to a condition being sensed and
wherein the proving, the calibrating, the testing, or the
adjustment of the device is made by setting a range of values
or a base value for the output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.34 for volume of flow, speed of flow, volume rate of flow,
or mass rate of flow apparatus which proves or calibrates the
device by establishing a span or a zero or a volume of flow,
speed of flow, volume rate of flow, or mass rate of flow
device being proven or calibrated has a span or a zero
value.
Subclass:
1.89
Roughness or hardness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being proven or calibrated produces
an output signal in response to a condition being sensed and
wherein the proving, the calibrating, the testing or the
adjustment of the device measures (a) the amount of
unevenness of a surface or (b) the amount of resistance of a
surface to penetration of an indentor into the surface or the
amount of resistance of a surface to scratching.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
84 for measuring or testing hardness, per se.
Subclass:
7
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which a measurement or test is made
involving any one or any combination of the operations of
abrasion, milling, rubbing, or scuffing, even though the test
is employed as an index of another property, e.g., hardness.
These are, in general, "wear" tests.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for analogous testing or measuring of frictional
resistance, coefficient or characteristic.
862.12 for torque absorption dynamometers of the frictional
drag type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, subclass 321 for a seal combined with
means to indicate wear, proper seating, or presence.
434, Education, Demonstration, and Cryptography, for the
demonstration of wear characteristics of materials not
involving a measurement or a test feature.
Subclass:
8
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter
in which any one of the following is the device tested: a
wheel tread, tire, vehicle track or roadway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146 for testing the same devices in other ways.
Subclass:
9
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring or determining the frictional
drag or resistance between solid bodies when moved relative
to one another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for testing or measuring by abrasion, milling, rubbing, or
scuffing, i.e., "wear" tests.
862.11 through 862.18, for torque measuring dynamometers
e.g., pony brakes.
Subclass:
10
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Subject matter
in which the effect of a lubricant upon the frictional drag
between relatively movable solid bodies is determined, there
being means for applying or maintaining the supply of
lubricant.
(1) Note. These tests are usually termed tests of the
lubricant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for "wear" tests involving application of a lubricant.
32 for determination of specific gravity or density of
lubricants.
53.01 for determination of viscosity of lubricants and other
miscellaneous tests of lubricants.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
434, Education and Demonstration, and Cryptography, subclass
388, for lubricant demonstration devices not involving
measuring or testing features.
Subclass:
11.01
TESTING IMPACT DELIVERING DEVICE (E.G., A HAMMER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for testing
a device which delivers an impact while in use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.08 for proving or calibrating a device responsive to
force, torque, work, or mechanical power.
12.01 for testing by impact.
112 for power plant or unit efficiency measuring.
167 for projectile testing, per se.
488 for speed or acceleration measuring, per se.
862.381 for force measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, subclass 7 and 129 for a record tracer
movement responsive to inertial or mass inclination.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 31 for calorimetry, per
se.
Subclass:
11.02
Shot peener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being tested is a means for
providing an acceleration to a pellet for the purpose of
impacting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for testing by abrasion, milling, rubbing, or scuffing,
per se.
37.5 for measuring dimension, size, and shape using fluid
pressure.
104 for surface testing or measuring, per se.
760 for testing for specimen stress or strain, or testing by
stress or strain application.
Subclass:
11.03
Pile driving hammer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.01. Subject
matter wherein the device being tested comprises an impact
hammer for driving a columnar structure into the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.01 for testing by impact, per se.
82 for an impactor for testing hardness.
84 for testing soil hardness by driving a pile into soil.
488 for speed and acceleration measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 53 for metal deforming by shot
blasting.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 232 for a process or
an apparatus for installing a pile.
Subclass:
11.04
TESTING OF SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE (E.G., AUTOMOBILE SHOCK
ABSORBER, GUN RECOIL APPARATUS, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for testing
a device whose function while it is in use is to absorb
shock.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.01 for testing by shock.
79 for testing for hardness by observing rebound.
112 for a power plant or unit efficiency measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 392.5 for a shock
absorber for a railway vehicle.
188, Brakes, 266 for a fluid-type shock absorber for a
railway vehicle.
213, Railway Draft Appliances, subclass 1 for a one-shot
shock absorber and subclass 32 for a draft gear assembly, per
se.
248, Supports, appropriate subclass for support-type shock
absorbers.
267, Spring Devices, appropriate subclass for spring-type
shock absorbers.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined condition;
particularly, subclass 665 for a predetermined mechanical
force.
Subclass:
11.05
Torsional vibration damper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.04. Subject
matter wherein the device being tested is used to lessen or
reduce the amplitude of torsional vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
574 for using vibration for testing for mechanical
impedance, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclass for
subject matter of that class type combined with vibration
dampers.
188, Brakes, 378 for vibration dampers, per se.
Subclass:
11.06
Railway draft gear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.04. Subject
matter wherein the device being tested transmits pull from
one railway car to another railway car.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
213, Railway Draft Appliances, subclass 1 for a one-shot
shock absorber and subclass 32 for a draft gear assembly, per
se.
Subclass:
11.07
In situ vehicle suspension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.04. Subject
matter wherein the device being tested is a structure which
suspends a vehicle body on its running gear.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 784 for a vehicle frame having
an impact shock absorber.
Subclass:
11.08
By applying reciprocating or oscillating motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.07. Subject
matter wherein the testing is done by applying a periodic
motion to the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for vibration testing, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
280, Land Vehicles, subclass 784 for a vehicle frame having
an impact shock absorber.
Subclass:
11.09
By applying reciprocating or oscillating motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.04. Subject
matter wherein the testing is done by applying a
back-and-forth periodic motion to the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for vibration testing, per se.
Subclass:
12.01
TESTING BY IMPACT OR SHOCK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for testing
a specimen by subjecting it to one or more sudden blows.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.01 for testing an impact delivering device.
11.04 for the testing of a shock absorbing apparatus.
35.14 for testing a body by measuring the effect of an
explosion on the body.
78 for hardness testing.
161 for spring testing, per se.
167 for testing ordnance or projectile.
570 for testing by vibration, per se.
788 for loading a specimen to determine shear or strain.
862 for measuring a force or a force component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 32 for a collision
released identification tag, per se, and subclass 203 for a
mechanical indicator, per se, which provides a humanly
perceptible signal in response to the presence or absence of
an impact.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclasses for an
impacting device, per se.
188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses for an internal
resistance motion retarder, per se.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for a
fluid actuated valve, per se.
267, Spring Devices, 136 for a resilient shock or vibration
absorber, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, for an electrical indicator
or alarm which provides a humanly perceptible signal in
response to a predetermined force.
Subclass:
12.02
Resilient ball (e.g., golf ball, baseball, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject
matter wherein the specimen being tested is an elastic
spherical body usually used in games or sports.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for hardness testing by measuring rebound.
167 for projectile testing, per se.
865.3 for the testing of a body by subjecting it to motion,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, appropriate subclass for
mechanical guns and projectors.
Subclass:
12.03
Typewriting ribbon or carbon paper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject
matter wherein the specimen being tested is either a
typewriter ribbon or carbon paper.
(1) Note. Carbon paper is used in the popular sense of the
word to mean that type of paper which transfers a surface
coating when pressed against a surface, as by a typewriter
key.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for testing of a coating, per se.
159 for a filament testing, per se.
Subclass:
12.04
Accelerated or decelerated specimen (e.g., propelled or
dropped specimen support carriage):
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject
matter wherein either the specimen or the specimen and its
support is subjected to a sudden change in velocity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for projectile testing, per se.
788 for applying a load to a specimen in order to test for
stress or strain.
865.3 for testing by imparting motion to a specimen.
Subclass:
12.05
Particle or projectile specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject
matter wherein the specimen is either a particle or a
projectile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for other types of testing of projectiles.
570 for applying a load to a specimen in order to test for
stress or strain.
865.3 for testing by imparting motion to a specimen.
Subclass:
12.06
Dropped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject
matter wherein the change in velocity of the specimen is
caused by dropping the specimen or the specimen and its
support onto a fixed surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for testing for hardness using rebound.
760 for applying a load to a specimen in order to test for
stress or strain.
865.3 for testing by imparting motion to a specimen.
Subclass:
12.07
By hydraulic or pneumatic forces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject
matter wherein the change in velocity of the specimen is
caused by either (a) liquid pressure or (b) air pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for hydraulically driven impact-type hardness testing.
167 for other types of testing of projectiles.
760 for applying a load to a specimen by hydraulic or
pneumatic loading means in order to test for stress or
strain.
865.3 for testing by imparting motion to a specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 73 for fluid
pressure actuated guns and projectors.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclass for
valve and fluid actuated valves, per se.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclass for a
fluid current conveyor, per se.
Subclass:
12.08
Specimen directly subjected to a fluid pressure pulse or
wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject
matter wherein the source of the blow to the specimen is a
fluid pressure pulse or wave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclass for a
fluid current conveyor, per se.
Subclass:
12.09
Specimen impactor detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the device which
subjects a specimen to a blow.
Subclass:
12.11
Particle or projectile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.09. Subject
matter wherein the impactor is either a particle or a
projectile.
Subclass:
12.12
Reciprocating or oscillating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.09. Subject
matter wherein the impactor moves towards and away from the
specimen in such a fashion so as to apply periodic blows to
the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for vibration testing, per se.
Subclass:
12.13
Dropped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.09. Subject
matter wherein the impactor is released above the specimen
and accelerated by gravity until it strikes the specimen.
Subclass:
12.14
Pivoted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.13. Subject
matter wherein the impactor swings about a fixed axis.
Subclass:
19.01
GAS CONTENT OF A LIQUID OR A SOLID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
determining the nature or amount of gas in a substance other
than gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.20 for a process or apparatus for analyzing gas.
73 for a process or apparatus for determining the moisture
content of materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps).
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means).
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for an
apparatus which utilizes electrolytic action for analysis or
testing.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 68 for an apparatus
which utilizes a chemical reaction to determine the gas
content of a liquid or solid.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for a
process which utilizes a chemical reaction to determine the
gas content of a liquid or a solid, particularly subclass 68
for determining the gas content of blood.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically
claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision
in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
19.02
By gas chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the effluent of a mixture of gases, which has
contacted a solvent or sorbent which separates the mixture
into fractional components, is successively tested to
determine the quantity, quality or identity of a component of
the effluent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.35 for gas analysis using gas chromatography, and
particularly subclass 23.40 for a gas detector which uses gas
chromatography to analyze gas.
53.01 for liquid testing, (e.g., liquid chromatography).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 82 for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps),
using chromatography.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 101 for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means),
of the chromatos:graphic type.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
electrochemical gas sensors, per se.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 660 for a process of
removing a constituent from a liquid by sorption,
particularly subclasses 656+ for selective sorptions (e.g.,
chromatography) subclasses 85+ for a liquid separator with
recorder or register and subclasses 263+ for a liquid
separator utilizing a bed of particulate material.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, particularly 464
for analyzing gas using ionization effects, and appropriate
subclasses for testing gas by measuring impedance,
admittance, and related quantities.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze a gas, particularly
subclass 89 for gas chromatography.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
appropriate subclasses for a process of gas analysis which
utilizes a chemical reaction to determine the gas content of
a liquid or a solid, and particularly subclass 68 for
determining the gas content of blood, and subclasses 161+ for
chromatography.
Subclass:
19.03
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the liquid or solid is subjected to vibratory
forces to determine its gas content.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24.01 for detection of gas, per se, by measuring the effect
of the gas being tested on vibration.
570 for testing, per se, using vibration.
861.18 for measuring the volume or rate of flow of fluent
material by sensing vibration.
Subclass:
19.04
By rate of flow of the gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the gas content of the liquid or solid is
determined by measuring the rate of flow of the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for calibration of flow meters.
155 for determining fluid flow in bore holes.
170.07 and 170.11, for determining the rate of flow and
direction of flow of fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
181 for determining the speed of a craft with respect to a
fluid.
861 for measuring the flow of fluent material, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 180.1 for metering and
mixing two gases where one is a fuel.
116, Signals and Indicators, for nonelectrical means for
giving an alarm upon occurrence of fluid flow.
128, Surgery, 630 for flow-measuring means with structure
particularly adapted for placement on or in a living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow
system; and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed
valve which meters fluid merely by timing the interval
between opening and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48 for
measuring the rate of flow drilling fluid.
222, Dispensing, particularly 14, 59+ and 71+ for volume or
rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing features or
which are used in dispensing combinations.
250, Radiant Energy, particularly subclass 258, 259+, 302+,
356.1, and 432+ for miscellaneous radiant energy responsive
devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electric means for
giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in response
to a predetermined condition, such as flow of a fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27 for flow-measuring
means employing lasers.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
19.05
By pressure of the gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the gas content of the liquid is determined by
measuring the pressure of the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24.04 for measuring vapor pressure of gas by vibration.
25.04 for measuring vapor pressure of gas by measuring a
thermal property of the gas.
29.01 for determining the vapor pressure of gas being
tested.
31.04 for analyzing gas by pressure measurement, per se.
37 for a testing apparatus or process for subjecting a
specimen directly to fluid pressure (positive or negative) to
determine a property of the specimen.
78 for a device for measuring hardness as an index of fluid
pressure, particularly subclass 80 for a tonometer and
subclass 81 for a tire hardness gauge.
115 for a process or an apparatus which measures the
pressure within an engine to determine its efficiency.
299 for a hydrostatic pressure type of liquid level or depth
gauge.
384 for a barometer.
700 for measurement of the pressure of fluent material.
861.42 for a pressure differential measuring device for
determining volume or rate of flow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 672 for a blood pressure measuring device.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 26, for a device of that
class type combined with pressure compensator.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 81 for a
fluid pressure operated switch.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 201 for an expanding
fluid type thermometer.
Subclass:
19.06
Of a beverage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.05. Subject
matter wherein the gas content of a potable liquid (i.e., a
liquid suitable for consumption by a human being) is
determined.
Subclass:
19.07
Of metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the substance whose gas content is being
determined is a metal.
Subclass:
19.08
Of concrete, mortar, or plastic while in a fluent state:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the substance whose gas content is being
determined is concrete, mortar, or plastic while capable of
flowing.
Subclass:
19.09
Of mud:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the substance whose gas content is being
determined is a mixture of soil with a liquid.
Subclass:
19.1
Of a liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the substance whose gas content is being
determined is a substance which exhibits a characteristic
readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and
relatively high incompressibility.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.06 for determining the gas content of a beverage by
measuring the pressure of the gas.
53.01 for testing of a liquid or liquid suspension of
solids.
Subclass:
19.11
Lubricant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.1. Subject
matter wherein the liquid whose gas content is being
determined is a substance capable of reducing friction, heat
and wear when introduced as a film between solid surfaces.
Subclass:
19.12
Particular separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to means for
separating the gas from the liquid or solid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.07 for a particular separator used in gas analysis, per
se.
863.21 for a sampler, per se, which separates constituents
of the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps).
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means).
Subclass:
23.2
GAS ANALYSIS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
detecting or measuring the composition of, or some
constituent of, a gas or gaseous mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for the detection of a gas within
or emanating from the earth by invisible radiation emanating
from the gas naturally or as a result of irradiation by
invisible radiation, subclasses 336.1+ for testing of a gas
by utilizing an electric signalling device detecting
radiation induced or emitted naturally, or detecting
infrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, or gamma radiation or neutrons
modified by the gas.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for testing and electrical property of a gas.
338, Electrical Resistors, 34 for a resistor, per se, which
is responsive to the condition of a gas wherein no
quantitative measurements of the gas are disclosed.
340, Communications: Electrical, 632 for an electrical
indicator providing a humanly perceptible signal representing
a predetermined condition of a gas.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 402 for gas analysis
utilizing a colorimeter to determine the shade or color of
the gas.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze gas.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 68 for a process which utilizes a chemical reaction
to analyze gas.
Subclass:
23.21
With compensation detail (for error or drift correction,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter including means for making a correction for an
undesirable variation in a condition within an apparatus or
in a test result due to such condition.
Subclass:
23.22
For gas chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.21. Subject
matter in which the effluent of a mixture of gases, which has
contacted a solvent or sorbent which separates the mixture
into fractional components, is successively tested to
determine the quantity, quality or identify of a component of
the effluent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.35 through 23.40, for a gas analysis detector, per se,
which may be used in gas chromatography.
53.01 for liquid testing (e.g., liquid chromatography).
863 for sample preparation or sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 82 for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps),
using chromatography.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 101 for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means),
of the chromatos:graphic type.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and wave Energy, 400 for an
electrochemical gas sensor, per se.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 660 for a process of
removing a constituent from a liquid by sorption,
particularly subclasses 656+ for selective sorptions (e.g.,
chromatography), subclasses 85 for a liquid separator with
recorder or register, and subclasses 263+ for a liquid
separator utilizing a bed of particulate material.
324, Electricity: Measuring, and Testing, particularly 464
for analyzing gas using ionization effects, and appropriate
subclasses for testing gas by measuring impedance,
admittance, and related quantities.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze a gas, particularly
subclass 89 for gas chromatography.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
particularly subclass 68 for a process utilizing a chemical
reaction for determining the gases in the blood, and
subclasses 161+ for chromatography.
Subclass:
23.23
Baseline drift correction circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.22. Subject
matter which includes circuitry for correcting a systematic
shift in the spectra of the chromatogram.
Subclass:
23.24
Rate of flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.22. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted is
the rate of flow of the gas being tested or of the carrier
gas.
Subclass:
23.25
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.22. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted is
the temperature of the gas or the chromatography.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for temperature
measurement, per se.
Subclass:
23.26
Gradient:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.25. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted is
the temperature variations along the column or columns of the
chromatography.
Subclass:
23.27
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.22. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted is
the pressure of the gas effluent or of the carrier gas.
Subclass:
23.28
For density or specific gravity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.21. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted
affects the determination of the mass per unit volume of the
gas or the ratio of the density of the gas to the density of
some substance taken as a standard when both densities are
obtained by weighing in air.
Subclass:
23.29
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.28. Subject
matter wherein the condition being corrected or adjusted is
the pressure of the gas being measured or tested, which
pressure is used to determine the density or specific gravity
of the gas.
Subclass:
23.3
Breath analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the gas being tested is exhaled by a human
being or other animal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 717 for breath analyzing inside the body.
340, Communications: Electrical, 632 for a humanly
perceptible indication of a predetermined condition of the
breath.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 84 for a breath
analyzer utilizing a chemical change to analyze air exhaled
from a human being or other animal.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
appropriate subclasses for a process of gas analysis which
utilizes a chemical reaction, particularly subclass 132 for
ethanol determination, and subclass 900 for a cross-reference
art collection of breath testing processes.
Subclass:
23.31
Gas of combustion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the gas being tested is the product of a
combustion process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 632 for a humanly
perceptible indication of a predetermined condition of a gas
of combustion.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 94 for a detector,
per se, of combustible gas.
Subclass:
23.32
Air-fuel ratio:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.31. Subject
matter wherein the ratio of the amount of air to the amount
of fuel in the gas of combustion is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 434 and particularly
subclasses 672+ for measuring the composition of exhaust gas
and utilizing the measurement to control the air-fuel ratio.
Subclass:
23.33
Solid content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.32. Subject
matter wherein the nature or amount of particulate matter in
the gas of combustion is determined.
Subclass:
23.34
Odor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein stimulation of the olfactory organ of an
animal is used to detect or measure the gas.
Subclass:
23.35
Gas chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Process or
apparatus in which the effluent of a mixture of gases, which
has contacted a solvent or sorbent which separates the
mixture into fractional components, is successively tested to
determine the quantity, quality or identity of a component of
the effluent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.02 for a gas chromatography process or apparatus for
determining the presence of, or the amount of, gas in a
liquid or a solid.
35.05 for a gas detector, per se, which may be used in gas
chromatography.
53.01 for liquid testing (e.g., liquid chromatography).
863 for a sampling device, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, 82 for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps),
using chromatography.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 101 for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means),
of the chromatos:graphic type.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
electrochemical gas sensors, per se.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 660 for a process of
removing a constituent from a liquid by sorption,
particularly subclasses 656+ for selective sorptions (e.g.,
chromatography), subclasses 85+ for a liquid separator with
recorder or register and subclasses 263+ for a liquid
separator utilizing a bed of particulate material.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, particularly 464
for gas analysis using ionization effects, and appropriate
subclasses for testing gas by measuring impedance,
admittance, and related quantities.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 50 for an apparatus
utilizing a chemical reaction to analyze a gas, particularly
subclass 89 for gas chromatography.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, for a
process of gas analysis which utilizes a chemical reaction,
particularly 161 for chromatography.
Subclass:
23.36
With electrical computer or data processor control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter including a programmable electronic device which can
store, retrieve and process data, which device controls the
chromatography.
Subclass:
23.37
With spectrometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter combined with an instrument used to measure the
spectral characteristics of light.
Subclass:
23.38
Petrochemical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter in which the gas being tested is a derivative of
petroleum.
Subclass:
23.39
Column detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter comprising detail of a tubular structure which is
either packed with a material having a known absorption
characteristic and/or is coated with a liquid of a high
molecular weight and having known properties.
Subclass:
23.4
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the sensing
means.
Subclass:
23.41
Including sample preparation or sampling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter wherein the sample is treated or modified before being
tested, or a predetermined portion of a mass of material is
obtained for testing, or a previously obtained sample
transported or handled in preparation for analysis, or a
previously obtained sample is introduced into an analyzer.
(1) Note. Included here is a liquid sample which is gasified
prior to injection into the column.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863 for sample preparation or sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 89 for a
sample undergoing a chemical reaction.
Subclass:
23.42
Detail of gas handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.35. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the means for
confining, directing, or controlling the flow of gaseous
material.
Subclass:
24.01
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter in which the composition of a gas or a constituent of
a gas is determined by detecting or measuring the
transmission of vibration through the gas being tested.
Subclass:
24.02
Produced by radiant energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.01. Subject
matter wherein the vibration is produced by energy in the
form of electromagnetic waves or traveling subatomic, atomic
or molecular particles.
Subclass:
24.03
Solid content of gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.01. Subject
matter wherein the nature or amount of particulate matter in
gas is determined.
Subclass:
24.04
Moisture content or vapor pressure of gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.01. Subject
matter wherein the amount of moisture in the gas being
analyzed or the pressure of the vapor in the gas is
determined.
Subclass:
24.05
Density or specific gravity of gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.01. Subject
matter for determining the mass per unit volume of the gas or
the ratio of the density of the gas to the density of some
substance taken as a standard when both densities are
obtained by weighing in air.
Subclass:
24.06
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the means for
sensing the vibration.
Subclass:
25.01
By thermal property:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter in which the composition of a gas or a constituent of
a gas is determined by detecting or measuring the heat
transmitting or heat related properties of the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29.02 for hygrometers utilizing temperature measuring.
Subclass:
25.02
With magnetic property (e.g., paramagnetic gas):
This subclass is indented under subclass 25.01. Subject
matter wherein the gas being analyzed produces a modification
of the magnetic field of a measuring device.
Subclass:
25.03
Thermoconductivity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25.01. Subject
matter wherein the heat transmitting property of a gas is
determined.
Subclass:
25.04
Moisture content or vapor pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25.01. Subject
matter wherein the amount of moisture in the gas or the
pressure of the vapor in the gas is measured or detected.
Subclass:
25.05
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the sensing
means.
Subclass:
28.01
Solid content of gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the nature or amount of particulate matter in
gas is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.01 for measuring other impurities in the air.
170.25 for measuring solid particles originating in the
outer space surrounding the Earth.
863.21 for sampling involving separation of constituents
where no testing device is claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aersol, cloud, mist) or agents for
such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents
subclass 114 for processes of or compositions for or
subcombination compositions for the breaking of or inhibiting
of colloid systems of conitinuous gas or vapor phase (e.g.,
fog dispelling, dust suppressing, contrail suppressing); in
each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
28.02
Particle charging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
parameter related to electrically charged particles (e.g.,
the total electrical field produced by the particles being
charged).
Subclass:
28.03
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.01. Subject
matter wherein the force per unit area applied over a surface
by the gas is measured in order to determine the solid
content of the gas.
Subclass:
28.04
Separator detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the means
separating the solid from the gas.
Subclass:
28.05
Impactor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.04. Subject
matter wherein separation is accomplished by directing a
fluid current of gas containing solid particles toward a
solid surface wherein the isolated particles remain on the
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.21 for subject matter under the class definition for
obtaining a predetermined portion of a mass of material being
tested including isolation of individual components of the
source or sample.
Subclass:
28.06
Fractionalizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.05. Subject
matter wherein the particles are distributed on the surface
according to size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.22 for sampling, per se, including isolation of
individual components of a source or sample by directing a
fluid current containing particles toward a solid surface
wherein the isolated particles remain on the surface.
Subclass:
29.01
Moisture content or vapor pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter including means for determining the amount of liquid
diffused in the gas or the pressure exerted by liquid
diffused into the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24.04 for determining the moisture content or vapor pressure
of a gas by measuring the transmission of vibration through
the gas.
25.04 for determining the moisture content or vapor pressure
of a gas by measuring a thermal property of the gas.
Subclass:
29.02
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.01. Subject
matter wherein the amount of the liquid is the actual amount
of water vapor in a unit volume of air (e.g., the absolute
humidity) or the ratio of the amount of water vapor in the
air to the amount of water vapor which the air would hold if
it were saturated at that temperature (e.g., the relative
humidity).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29.01 for other thermal testing of a gas.
73 for humidity determining means combined with additional
apparatus for testing or determining the moisture content of
a substance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.06 for
humidity controlled electric switches.
236, Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
principally subclass 44 for humidity responsive devices
combined with regulating means.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for devices wherein the atmosphere or gas changes
in electrical conductance, in response to humidity and such
property, is taken as a measure of humidity. Where no
electrical property of the material under test is measured,
but an additional element is exposed to the material to have
its electrical properties affected by a physical property of
the separate element measured, the art is in Class 73,
Measuring and Testing.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for electrical
resistors whose resistance value is responsive to humidity or
changes in humidity.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
178 for relays controlled by humidity.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 109 for a
measuring device providing a composite indication of
temperature and humidity and subclass 142 for the combination
of a thermometer and another measuring device wherein the
thermometer is not a subcombination of a hygrometer. In the
latter case when a thermometer is merely claimed as a
subcombination of a hygrometer, the device would be
classified in this class (73).
Subclass:
29.03
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.01. Subject
matter wherein the pressure of the gas is measured to
determine the amount of vapor present in the gas.
Subclass:
29.04
With visual indication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by directly
observing the visible effect of a gas on a sensor.
Subclass:
29.05
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the sensing
means.
Subclass:
30.01
Density or specific gravity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter including means for determining the mass per unit
volume of the gas or the ratio of the density of the gas to
the density of some substance taken as a standard when both
densities are obtained by weighing in air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for determining the density or specific gravity of a
liquid or solid.
152.05 for determining a characteristic of a formation in a
borehole by measuring density.
Subclass:
30.02
By pressure measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30.01. Subject
matter wherein pressure is measured in order to determine
density or specific gravity of gas.
Subclass:
30.03
By rate of flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30.01. Subject
matter wherein the density of specific gravity of a gas is
determined by measuring the rate of the flow of the gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.2 for the measuring of the air intake of an auxiliary
unit of an engine or a motor.
861 for a device determining the volume of flow, speed,
volume rate of flow, or mass rate of flow of fluent
material.
Subclass:
30.04
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the sensing
means.
Subclass:
31.01
Ambient air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the gas being tested is the naturally
occurring mixture of gases surrounding the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.01 for measuring the solid content of air not originating
in the outer space surrounding the Earth.
Subclass:
31.02
Impurity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter wherein the mixture is being tested for undesirable
content.
Subclass:
31.03
Impurity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the gas is being tested for undesirable
content.
Subclass:
31.04
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein the force per unit area exerted by the gas on
a surface is measured.
Subclass:
31.05
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the sensing
means.
Subclass:
31.06
Semiconductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.05. Subject
matter wherein the detector includes semiconductor material.
Subclass:
31.07
Particular separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 23.2. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the means for
isolating a constituent of a gaseous mixture.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include chromatos:graphic
separation of gases, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.02 for chromatos:graphic separation of gases whose
content in a solid or a liquid is being measured.
19.12 for a particular separator of a gas from a liquid or a
solid.
23.35 for chromatos:graphic separation of gases whose
composition or constituent is being detected or measured.
863 for gas sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, for processes of gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis steps).
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means).
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 83 for an apparatus
for gas sampling involving the use of sorbents or chemicals
wherein a chemical reaction is utilized to analyze the gas.
Subclass:
32
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the density and/or specific
gravity of liquids or solids.
(1) Note. Included here is an apparatus for measuring
density of a liquid suspension of a solid, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for determination of the density or specific gravity of
gases.
152.05 for determining a characteristic of a formation in a
borehole by measuring density.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 558 for measuring the density of a substance which
involves a computation and only nominal claimed structure to
the measuring device.
Subclass:
35.01
ENGINE DETONATION (E.G., KNOCK):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
performing a test or measurement by determining or detecting
abnormal rapid combustion in an internal combustion engine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for engine or motor testing, per se, including pressure
measuring in an engine or a motor.
570 for testing (a) by applying vibration to a body or (b)
by sensing vibration, per se.
700 for a fluid pressure gage, per se.
865.6 for testing, per se, in a simulated environment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 425 for engine
knock control of ignition timing and subclass 435 for knock
control of a pressure responsive charge forming device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 378 for purely
electrical testing of an internal combustion engine ignition
system or device.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for determining engine knock by use
of an electrical computer wherein no more than a nominally
recited knock sensor is claimed.
Subclass:
35.02
Fuel rating (e.g., octane rating):
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.01. Subject
matter wherein a measurement of a quality of a test fuel is
made by detecting an abnormal rapid combustion (e.g. knock)
of the test fuel in the engine and comparing the knock of the
test fuel with a knock value of a second fuel having a known
fuel rating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.01 for liquid analysis, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 575 for diverse fuel
supply for an internal-combustion engine.
261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, subclass 36.2 for
fluid distribution means in a carburetor.
Subclass:
35.03
Combustion signal compared to reference signal varied by a
condition of the engine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.01. Subject
matter including a combustion signal produced by a sensing
means whose characteristic changes in response to the
combustion and which is compared with a reference signal
responsive to a condition of the engine to determine
detonation.
(1) Note. A reference signal is presumed to be varied by a
condition of the engine unless otherwise stated as being
fixed.
(2) Note. The reference signal may be derived from the
combustion itself as, for example, by integration.
Subclass:
35.04
Including calculation means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.03. Subject
matter comprising an element for performing a mathematical
computation utilizing the reference signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 111 for application of an electrical
computer or data processing to determine a vehicle engine
knock wherein computer detail or data processing detail is
recited and wherein no more than a nominally recited sensor
is claimed.
Subclass:
35.05
Automatic gain control or feedback control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.03. Subject
matter including either (a) an amplifier having a gain
controlled by some condition of the engine or (b) a circuit
arrangement comprising several stages including an earlier
stage and a later stage wherein the later stage produces an
output signal which is fed to the earlier stage of the
arrangement for control purposes.
Subclass:
35.06
Combustion signal compared to a fixed reference signal or
utilizing a threshold value:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.01. Subject
matter including a combustion signal produced by a sensing
means whose characteristic changes in response to combustion
and which is either (a) compared to a predetermined signal or
(b) limited to that portion over a predetermined minimum
value.
Subclass:
35.07
Specific type of detonation sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.01. Subject
matter comprising a specified sensing means whose
characteristic changes in response to detecting detonation
and which is intended to produce a signal in response to the
change in the characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
866.5 for a probe or a probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclass for an electrochemical sensor, per se.
250, Radiant Energy, 216 for a photocell, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 328 for a
condition responsive piezoelectric sensor, per se.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclass for a condition
responsive inductive sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate subclass for a
condition responsive resistor, per se.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclass for an optical element, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, appropriate
subclass for a condition responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
35.08
Ionization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.07. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises spaced electrodes
between which electrical current passes in proportion to
ionization of combustion gases in the engine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 459 for an
ionization detector, per se.
Subclass:
35.09
Vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.07. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects a rapid periodic
motion of a body about an equilibrium position, which rapid
periodic motion of the body is caused by detonation.
(1) Note. An acoustic detector for knock sensing is included
here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for other testing by vibration.
Subclass:
35.11
Piezoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.09. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises a pressure
responsive material which generates an electric signal in
response to vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 329
for a vibration responsive piezoelectric detector, per se.
Subclass:
35.12
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.07. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects a rapid fluctuation
in pressure caused by detonation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for measuring pressure in an engine.
700 for a fluid pressure gage, per se.
Subclass:
35.13
Piezoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.12. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises pressure
responsive material which generates an electrical signal in
response to the pressure fluctuation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 338
for a pressure responsive piezoelectric detector, per se.
Subclass:
35.14
EXPLOSIVE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for (a)
determining a physical characteristic of a body or material
by measuring a disruptive force or a disruptive pressure
produced by an explosion of the body or material or (b)
testing a body or material by applying a disruptive force or
a disruptive pressure due to an explosion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.01 for testing by impact or shock, per se.
167 for ordnance testing especially by measuring pressure in
a gun barrel.
700 for a pressure gage, per se.
865.6 for testing, per se, in a simulated environment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, for an explosive, per se.
346, Recorders, subclass 7 for an inertia recorder.
Subclass:
35.15
By time measurement (e.g., burning rate, detonation
velocity):
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.14. Subject
matter wherein the explosion produces a traveling wavefront
and the determination of a parameter of the explosion is made
by measuring the time required for the wave front in the
explosion to proceed from one point to another.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 160 for electrical
speed determining by measuring time between the occurrence of
electrical pulses.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, for a time
measuring system and device and especially, 89 for an
interval timer, per se.
Subclass:
35.16
Electric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.14. Subject
matter comprising a sensing means for producing an electrical
signal response to a disruptive force or a disruptive
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
866.5 for a probe or a probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy for a photocell, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
condition responsive piezoelectric sensor, per se.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for a condition
responsive inductive sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, 13 for a condition responsive
resistor, per se.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
condition responsive devices measuring visible light.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclass for an optical element, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
condition responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
35.17
Safety feature or containment structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 35.14. Subject
matter including means for either (a) protecting a person
from the effects of the explosive during testing or (b)
restricting effects of the explosion to a predetermined space
during testing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
571 for a test chamber for vibration testing, per se.
865.6 for a test chamber, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 331 for a blasting
charge case, per se.
109, Safes, Bank Protection or a Related Device, appropriate
subclasses for a safety structure, per se.
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclass for container
structure, per se, and in particular 88.1 for a fire
preventing attachment for a receptacle, per se.
Subclass:
36
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing illuminating fluids to determine
flash point, vapor pressure and end point.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35.02 for measuring engine knock or detonation.
35.14 for testing of an explosive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 8 for
flammability testing, and subclasses 16+ for transformation
point determination, in general.
Subclass:
37
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for subjecting a specimen directly to fluid
pressure (positive or negative) to determine properties of
the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume or rate of flow
meters and elements thereof.
1.57 for proving or calibrating pressure responsive devices
and gauges.
12.01 for testing by impact or shock where the impact or
shock is transmitted by a fluid.
807 and 838+, for the use of fluids to determine the
bursting strength of sheet material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 90 for test plug
closures for conduits.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, for processes and apparatus for filling of
receivers with gases, liquids, or fluent solids, or for
evacuating receivers, particularly 4 and 65+ for gas filling
or evacuating.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, for processes and apparatus for gas filling
and/or evacuation of lamp and discharge device envelopes in
connection with other manufacture or repair operations.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 301 for pressure control.
Subclass:
37.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
for checking dimensions, shape or size of an object, or the
spacing of selected portions thereof, having at least one
unit for the direct application of fluid pressure thereto and
utilizing the escape of fluid about the specimen as an index
of its dimension, shape, size or spacing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 556 and 700+ for processes and
apparatus for determining size or dimension by means of a
mechanical contact or feeler which in turn influences the
fluid flow, pressure or volume of indicating means.
Subclass:
37.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.5. Subject
matter in which the object is in motion during the test.
Subclass:
37.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.6. Subject
matter in which the object under test is a sheet, cable or
filament.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
159 and see the search notes thereto, for other sheet or
filament tests.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for
fluid actuated material detectors for control of means which
advance material of indefinite length and subclass 22 for
pneumatic detectors to sense the lateral position of
material.
Subclass:
37.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.5. Subject
matter for making measurements of each of two correlated
objects or two portions of the same object.
Subclass:
37.9
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.5. Subject
matter for measurement of size of bores and similar concave
openings in specimens.
Subclass:
38
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
for determining through the direct application of fluid under
pressure the porosity (i.e., volume of interstices) of
solids, the fineness of powdered materials, or action of
filters; also, the determining of permeability (i.e., the
passage or diffusibility of fluids through a specimen).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.05 for determining a characteristic of a formation in a
borehole by measuring permeability or porosity.
Subclass:
39
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter,
for the testing of the operating or control mechanism of
fluid pressure operated brakes (e.g., air or hydraulic types
for motor vehicles, trains, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for testing the wear surfaces of brakes by abrasion,
milling, rubbing or scuffing.
121 for other types of brake testing.
862.09 particularly subclasses 862.09+ for dynamo-meters
having brakes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, particularly subclass 141 and 151+ for fluid
pressure types.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems.
Subclass:
40
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
for testing or determining leakage of a specimen or body.
(1) Note. The combination of means for testing specimens
with means to reject those specimens which fail to pass the
test is in Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting
Solids, subclasses 509+ except where the test is a leakage
test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 193 for detecting and
preventing leakage from gas mains.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 15.11 for a process of
detecting or repairing a leak of a pipe, joint, valve, or
tank.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 90 for closure
plugs useful in connection with leakage tests of pipes.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, see Note
1.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 4, for leakage testing by
measuring thermal parameters.
Subclass:
40.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
for testing fluid operative systems or fluid handling
conduits while in their operative assembly or position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, subclass 193, for means
associated with a gas main to detect or indicate leaks
without positive means to create a condition whereby leakage
is produced in a defective pipe or joint; and subclass 195
for the preparation of odorous material and/or the insertion
thereof into a gas main.
166, Wells, subclass 179 and the subclasses here noted for
packer or plug devices in wells which are inherently capable
of use as fluid pressure leakage testers.
Subclass:
40.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
wherein a probe gas, smoke, vapor or powder is applied to a
specimen and its escape or penetration is detected.
Subclass:
41
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
wherein the article under test (usually a can or other
receptacle) is moved by a conveyor during or through the test
operation.
Subclass:
41.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter
including immersing the article in a liquid.
Subclass:
41.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.2. Subject
matter including means for segregating or discarding a
defective article (e.g., the operator presses a button to
reject a defective specimen).
Subclass:
41.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.3. Subject
matter automatically responsive to a defective condition of
the article.
Subclass:
45
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter
including means for segregating or discarding a defective
article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.3 for similar structure combined with immersion testing.
Subclass:
45.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Subject matter
responsive to a defective condition of the article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.4 for similar structure combined with immersion testing.
Subclass:
45.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Subject
matter controlled or operated by electric or electromagnetic
means.
Subclass:
45.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Subject
matter wherein the article is sustained against a test head
by vacuum unless leakage of the article destroys the vacuum
and permits the article to fall by gravity.
Subclass:
45.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Subject
matter relating to presealed containers.
Subclass:
45.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
including immersing the specimen in a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41.2 for immersion test with conveyor means for moving the
specimen through the liquid.
Subclass:
45.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.5. Subject
matter for testing a pneumatic inner tube, casing, or
tubeless tire.
Subclass:
45.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.6. Subject
matter relating to mesh structure for inclosing the tire to
prevent it from bursting under pressure.
Subclass:
45.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.5. Subject
matter relating to a radiator.
Subclass:
46
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
for testing or determining leakage between parts mechanically
fitted together and capable of being separated without
destruction (e.g., faucets, separable pipe joints having
interfitted parts, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 and 40, for fluid pressure testing of rivets, welded
seams, etc., for various purposes including leakage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, subclass 320 for a seal combined with
means to indicate fluid leakage.
Subclass:
47
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
for leakage testing of engine heads, i.e., any one or any
combination of valve, piston or piston ring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
119 for miscellaneous tests of engine parts.
Subclass:
48
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter
for leakage testing of tire valves.
Subclass:
49
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
for testing of pneumatic tubeless tires, inner tubes or
casings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45.6 for testing such articles by immersion.
Subclass:
49.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
for testing for leakage of a pipe section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for similar testing of a separable joint.
49.5 for strength testing of pipe.
Subclass:
49.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter
for testing a receptacle.
Subclass:
49.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.2. Subject
matter the receptacle being a presealed container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45.4 for testing for leakage of a sealed receptacle on a
conveyor and with automatic discard means.
52 for other testing of a sealed receptacle.
Subclass:
49.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein a test liquid pressure is induced by a single stroke
ram or plunger.
Subclass:
49.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
for testing pipe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49.1 for testing for leakage of a pipe section.
Subclass:
49.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.5. Subject
matter including power operated means for closing or sealing
the pipe ends.
Subclass:
49.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
for testing of a motor auxiliary or part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for other testing of auxiliary units.
119 for other testing of motor parts.
Subclass:
49.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
relating to a clamp, plug or other sealing feature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49.6 for power operated means for sealing ends of a pipe
under test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclass 90 for a test plug
closure for a conduit.
Subclass:
52
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing of sealed receptacles (usually
cans). Test is usually for spoilage of contents, presence of
foreign matter therein, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 particularly subclasses 45.4 and 49.3, for testing of
sealed receptacles with extraneously applied fluid pressure.
824 for testing of sealed receptacles by rotating squeezing
elements.
Subclass:
53.01
LIQUID ANALYSIS OR ANALYSIS OF THE SUSPENSION OF SOLIDS IN A
LIQUID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
detecting or determining the composition of, a constituent
of, or a property of a liquid or a liquid suspension of a
solid.
(1) Note. Determining is considered to include measuring.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for testing the effect of a lubricant on frictional
resistance or coefficient.
32 for determining the specific gravity or the density of a
liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid wherein the density
measuring is not used to further determine some other
property of the liquid or the liquid suspension.
35.02 for measuring engine knock or detonation in order to
determine a fuel rating.
152.42 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by analyzing a fluid.
169 for determining the physical characteristic of dough.
170.17 for a rain gauge.
290 for a liquid level gauge.
592 for liquid leakage or liquid location detection by using
vibration.
700 for a fluid pressure gauge.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of a
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 630 for testing liquids wherein the test is
conducted within a living body.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for electrolytic sensor, per se.
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for using
invisible light to test liquids and, in particular, 301 for
methods of determining oil presence, contamination, or
concentration using radiant energy; subclasses 306+ for
inspection of liquids by charged particles, subclasses 336.1+
for invisible radiant energy signalling of conditions of
liquids and subclasses 573+ for optical or pre-optical
systems having a liquid in the path there of wherein the
modification of or the emission of radiant energy resulting
from the irradiation of the liquid is tested.
340, Communications: Electrical, 603 for a humanly
perceptible indication of a predetermined condition of a
liquid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
determining a property of a liquid by measuring visible
light.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclass
for an apparatus for testing a liquid wherein a chemical
reaction is involved.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
53.02
Butter fat content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the constituent is butter fat.
Subclass:
53.03
Paper or wood suspension (e.g., paper or wood pulp):
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring either
the degree to which paper pulp or wood pulp relinquishes its
water content or the percentage of water content
relinquished.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29.02 for determining the moisture content of a gas.
73 for determining the moisture content of solid or the
absorptive characteristic of material for a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 258 for a
device for regulating the ratio of liquid to fiber of pulp
and subclass 263 for the combination of means for testing or
permitting the examination of water in liquid laid fibrous
product and a structure or mechanism for producing and/or
treating water or liquid laid fibrous products.
Subclass:
53.04
By measuring fluid flow characteristic (e.g., by volume or
rate of flow or by change in fluid level):
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.03. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
parameter which is characteristic of the liquid being in
motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume of flow, speed of
flow, volume rate, or flow or mass rate of flow.
1.73 for proving or calibrating a liquid level or volume
measuring apparatus.
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
54.19 for detail of a timing means in a device wherein
viscosity is determined by gravity movement of an object in a
liquid.
61.64 for determining settling or filtering ability by
measuring volumetric or flow or sedimentation rate.
61.73 for utilizing flow effect to measure settling or
filtering ability.
152.21 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a flow of a fluid
during drilling.
170.11 for determining the direction and rate of flow of a
fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
178 for the speed of a craft with respect to a fluid.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of liquid,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclass for
nonelectrical means for giving an alarm upon the occurrence
of a predetermined condition of a fluid.
128, Surgery, 668 for measuring blood flow in the body
wherein there is disclosed structure for placement in a
living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow system
and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed valve which
meters fluid merely by timing the interval between opening
and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for measuring the rate of flow of drilling fluid combined
with a device of that class type.
222, Dispensing, particularly subclass 14, 59, and 71 for
volume or rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing
features or which are used in dispensing combinations.
250, Radiant Energy, particularly subclass 258, 259+, 356.1,
and 432 for miscellaneous radiant energy responsive devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electrical means
for giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in
response to a predetermined condition, such as the flow of
fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27 for flow measuring
means employing a laser.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89, for
time interval measuring, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
53.05
Lubricant testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
capability of a substance to reduce friction, heat, and wear
when it is introduced as a film between two relatively
movable solid surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for an apparatus or a process for determining the effect
of a lubricant upon the frictional drag between two
relatively movable solid surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 301 for an apparatus or method
for utilizing invisible radiant energy in testing for the
presence of, the concentration of or contamination in oil.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 70 for
determining the contamination of oil by measuring a
characteristic of electromagnetic wave energy in the visible
range.
Subclass:
53.06
By analyzing a characteristic of a measuring surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.05. Subject
matter wherein determination is made by analyzing or
observing the effect of the lubricant upon a surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for surface inspection or testing, per se.
Subclass:
53.07
By solid content:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.05. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring an
amount of particulate matter in the liquid.
Subclass:
54.01
Viscosity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
wherein the determination is of the resistance of the liquid
to change in shape or a force within the liquid that opposes
motion therein (e.g. flow, usually by internal force reaction
or energy absorption).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
822 for viscosity measurement in a solid by compressional
testing.
843 for viscosity measurement in a solid by shear testing
using a rotary element.
862.08 for torque measurement, per se.
862.38 for force measurement, per se.
Subclass:
54.02
Combined with other measuring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter including another type of measuring process or
apparatus.
Subclass:
54.03
Of concrete (e.g., slump indicator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the liquid is a mixture of cement, sand and
gravel.
Subclass:
54.04
Friction tube (e.g., capillary):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by using a small
slender tubular conduit wherein the surface of the liquid in
contact with the conduit forms an elevation or a depression
due to either the molecular attraction of the molecules of
the liquid to each other or the attraction of the molecules
of the liquid to the molecules of the surface of the tube.
Subclass:
54.05
Plural tubes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.04. Subject
matter including more than one conduit.
Subclass:
54.06
By pressure measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.05. Subject
matter wherein the determination includes measuring the
force, per unit area, of the fluid moving through the
conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity by measuring pressure of the
liquid flowing through an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
54.07
By time interval of travel or flow rate measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.04. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
volume of or the mass rate of flow of the liquid or the time
elapsed for the liquid to move a predetermined distance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume of flow, speed of
flow, volume rate, or flow or mass rate of flow.
53.04 for utilizing flow characteristics to measure a
property of a paper or pulp suspension.
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
54.19 for detail of a timing means in a device wherein
viscosity is determined by gravity movement of an object in a
liquid.
61.64 for the utilization of flow properties in order to
determine settling or filtering ability.
61.73 for utilization of flow characteristic to measure the
solid content of a liquid suspension.
152.29 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a rate of flow of a
fluid, per se.
170.11 for determining the direction and rate of flow of a
fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
178 for the speed of a craft with respect to a fluid.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of liquid,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclass, for
nonelectrical means for giving an alarm upon the occurrence
of a predetermined condition of a fluid.
128, Surgery, 668 for measuring blood flow in the body
wherein there is disclosed structure for placement in a
living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow system
and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed valve which
meters fluid merely by timing the interval between opening
and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for measuring the rate of flow of drilling fluid combined
with a device of that class type.
222, Dispensing, particularly subclass 14, 59, and 71 for
volume of rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing
features or which are used in dispensing combinations.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electrical means
for giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in
response to a predetermined condition, such as the flow of
fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for flow measuring devices of the optical type including no
manipulation other than that necessary for an optical test.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89, for
time interval measuring, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 281 for control of fluid level or
volume, subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
54.08
Including a photocell:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.07. Subject
matter including means having an electrical characteristic
which changes in response to light.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
866.5 for a sensor, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocell detectors, per se.
Subclass:
54.09
By pressure measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.04. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force per unit area of the liquid moving through the
conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.06 for measuring viscosity by pressure difference
measuring using plural friction tubes.
54.14 for determining viscosity by measuring pressure of the
liquid flowing through an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
54.11
Orifice, nozzle, or extrusion means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by utilizing the
reaction of the liquid to flowing through an orifice, a
nozzle, or an extrusion means.
Subclass:
54.12
Plural fluids (e. g., comparison):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring
reactions of plural liquids.
Subclass:
54.13
By time interval of travel or flow rate measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
volume or the mass rate of flow or the time elapsed for the
liquid to move a predetermined distance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume of flow, speed of
flow, volume rate, or flow or mass rate of flow.
53.04 for utilizing flow characteristics to measure a
property of a paper or pulp suspension.
54.07 for time interval of travel or rate of flow measuring
using friction tubes to determine viscosity.
54.19 for detail of a timing means in a device wherein
viscosity is determined by gravity movement of an object in a
liquid.
61.64 for the utilization of flow properties in order to
determine settling or filtering ability.
61.73 for utilization of flow characteristic to measure the
solid content of a liquid suspension.
152.21 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a rate of flow of a
fluid during drilling.
152.29 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a rate of flow of a
fluid, per se.
170.11 for the determining the direction and rate of flow of
a fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
178 for the speed of a craft with respect to a fluid.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of liquid,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclass, for
nonelectrical means for giving an alarm upon the occurrence
of a predetermined condition of a fluid.
128, Surgery, 668 for measuring blood flow in the body
wherein there is disclosed structure for placement in the
living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow system
and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed valve which
meters fluid merely by timing the interval between opening
and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass
for a device for measuring the rate of flow of drilling fluid
in combination with an art device of that class type.
222, Dispensing, particularly subclass 14, 59, and 71 for
volume of or rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing
features or which are used in dispensing combinations.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electrical means
for giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in
response to a predetermined condition, such as the flow of
fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an optical measuring of fluid flow utilizing visible light
but having no other manipulation recited other than that for
use in an optical measurement of that class.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89 for
time interval measuring, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 281 for control of fluid level or
volume, subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
54.14
By force, pressure, or displacement measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring either
the force, pressure, or displacement force used to move or
extrude the liquid or the pressure of the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
862.08 for torque measuring, per se.
862.38 for measuring force, per se.
Subclass:
54.15
Gravity movement of an object in a liquid ( e. g., a
bubble):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring rate at
which an object rises (usually a bubble) or sinks in the
liquid.
Subclass:
54.16
With detail of temperature or pressure regulating or
compensating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.15. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to means for
controlling, regulating, or compensating for a thermal effect
or pressure on the liquid.
Subclass:
54.17
Using a reference fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.15. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by comparing the
time of flight of an object through the liquid being tested
with the time of flight of same or a second identical object
through a liquid of a known standard viscosity.
Subclass:
54.18
With means for restoring an object to its initial starting
position (e.g., magnetic or fluid means):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.15. Subject
matter including means for returning the object to its
original position after the completion of each test.
Subclass:
54.19
Including detail of a timing detection circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.15. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to an electrical
circuit for detecting the time of flight of the object in the
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89 for
time interval measuring, per se.
Subclass:
54.21
Including an object concentricity guide means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.15. Subject
matter including means for maintaining a constant gap between
the container for the liquid and the falling object.
Subclass:
54.22
Adhesion between wetted surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
molecular attraction of the liquid to closely adjacent wetted
surfaces between which it is located.
Subclass:
54.23
Force reactance to member driven therein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force reaction of the liquid to a member (e.g., a disc, an
impeller, a resonator, etc.) driven therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.31 for measuring the driving force of a rotationally
driven member in order to determine viscosity.
64.49 for determining the surface tension by measuring
force.
862.08 for torque measuring, per se.
862.38 for force measuring, per se.
Subclass:
54.24
By vibration:
Subject matter under 54.23 wherein the determination is made
by subjecting the member to mechanical vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.41 for utilizing vibration to test the viscosity of a
liquid.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture measuring vibration.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for measuring the solid components of a liquid
utilizing vibration.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to determine the effect of the
content of a liquid.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
Subclass:
54.25
Dampening effect (e.g., frequency, amplitude, speed, or power
measurement):
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.24. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
power, force, or current required to maintain a predetermined
vibrational frequency or amplitude or change in frequency or
amplitude of a vibrator driven by a constant force.
Subclass:
54.26
With detail of a drive means or a detecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.25. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a circuitry or
other means used to vibrate the member or to the means which
measure the vibrational effect of the member.
Subclass:
54.27
With detail (e. g., circuitry) of a drive means or a
detecting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.24. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a circuitry or
other means used to vibrate the member or to the means which
measure the vibrational effect of the member.
Subclass:
54.28
Rotationally driven member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.23. Subject
matter wherein the member is subjected to rotational motion
of more than 360 degrees.
(1) Note. Oscillations of less than 360 degrees are
considered vibrations.
Subclass:
54.29
Comparator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.28. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by comparing
measurements of a member rotating in a first liquid with the
same or an identical member rotating in a second liquid.
Subclass:
54.31
By measuring the driving force or the speed of the driven
member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.28. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
drive current or voltage for maintaining the member rotating
at a constant speed or by measuring a speed of the driven
member when driven by a constant force.
Subclass:
54.32
By measuring an opposed drag force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.28. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a force
exerted on a secondary member due to a viscous drag force.
Subclass:
54.33
By measuring angular displacement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.32. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
amount of movement imparted to the secondary member due to
movement of the rotationally driven member.
Subclass:
54.34
By measuring a counterbalance or restoring force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.32. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force is which is necessary to maintain stationary a
secondary member which is displaced by a viscous drag force
caused by the rotation of the driven member.
Subclass:
54.35
Including detail of a motor drive, a stator, or a housing
structure of a motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.28. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to either a means
for converting energy to a form which results in the movement
of the driven member, a stationary part of such means or an
enclosure for such means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate
subclass for electric motor structure or housing, per se.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclass
for a drive circuit for a motor or motor control, per se.
Subclass:
54.36
Penetrometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.23. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
depth of or the rate of penetration of a member driven into
the liquid with a predetermined force or by measuring a
characteristic of the predetermined force on a member driven
therein.
Subclass:
54.37
By movement or displacement between shearing surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.23. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
relative movement between adjacent or parallel surfaces when
subjected to a predetermined force for a predetermined time.
Subclass:
54.38
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.23. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a sensing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862 for a force responsive sensors or a torque responsive
sensor.
866.5 for a sensing means, per se.
Subclass:
54.39
Shearing torque between parallel surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force which is necessary to shear a film of liquid disposed
between closely adjacent relatively slidable surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.24 for similar subject matter wherein a reaction force is
measured.
Subclass:
54.41
Vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
effect of the liquid or the suspension being tested on
vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining viscosity of a liquid by measuring the
force reactance to a member vibrated therein.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture measuring vibration.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for measuring the solid components of a liquid
utilizing vibration.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to determine the effect of the
content of a liquid.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
Subclass:
54.42
Thermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a heat
or a temperature related property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.46 and 61.76+, for determining content or the effect of
the constituent of a liquid mixture by means of a thermal
measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 43 for
determining the inherent thermal properties, per se, of a
liquid, subclass 54 for thermal measurement of liquid volume
and subclass 139 for measuring the temperature of a liquid
metal.
Subclass:
54.43
With detail of a pressure or a temperature regulating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.01. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a means for
controlling temperature or pressure within the apparatus for
analyzing the liquid or the liquid suspension.
Subclass:
60.11
Cleaning or foaming ability:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring either
the ability of the liquid or the liquid suspension to remove
undesirable matter from a surface or the ability of liquid or
the liquid suspension to foam bubbles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.41
Content or effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by detecting or
measuring the amount of or the presence of a constituent of a
liquid mixture, the ratio of one constituent to at least
another constituent, or the effect of a constituent of a
liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.2 for similar processes and apparatus for gas analysis,
particularly subclasses 23.35+ for gas chromatography and
subclasses 28.01+ for determining the solid content of a
gas.
64.41 for tests of gelling or coagulation even though this
effect may be disclosed as being caused by the presence of
some constituent.
863.21 for samplers, per se, which isolate particulate
matter from a liquid for latter analysis or inspection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 58 and 123+ for processes and
apparatus, per se, for fractionally solidifying by freezing
and separation.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses, for the separation of a solid from a liquid.
Subclass:
61.42
Metallic particle constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination being made is of a liquid
containing metallic particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 204 for
determining magnetic properties of a liquid or a liquid
mixture.
Subclass:
61.43
Liquid constituent of a liquid mixture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring or
detecting the amount, ratio, presence, or effect of one or
more constituents of a mixture of liquids.
Subclass:
61.44
Plural liquid constituent (e.g., multiphase liquid):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring or
detecting the amount, ratio, presence, or effect of plural
liquid constituents of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.45
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.44. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by detecting or
measuring the effect of the liquid on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining viscosity of a liquid by measuring the
force reactance to a member vibrated therein.
54.41 for utilizing vibration to test the viscosity of a
liquid.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for measuring the solid components of a liquid
utilizing vibration.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to determine the effect of the
content of a liquid.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.46
By thermal measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a heat
or a temperature related property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.42 for a thermal measurement of the viscosity of a
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
thermal measuring and testing, per se, or temperature
measuring, per se.
Subclass:
61.47
By pressure measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force per unit area of the liquid or the liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity of a liquid flowing through
an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion means by measuring
pressure.
61.73 for measuring pressure in order to determine the solid
content of a liquid mixture.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
61.48
By optical irradiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
effect of the sediment on visible light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a photocell,
per se, and for analyzing a liquid utilizing invisible light
which is modified by transmission through or emission by the
liquid being tested wherein the modified light is tested.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an optical measuring of fluid using visible light and
involving no manipulation other than that necessary to
perform the optical test.
Subclass:
61.49
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring of
detecting the effect of the liquid on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining the viscosity of a liquid by measuring
the force reactance of the liquid to the member vibrated
therein.
54.41 for utilizing vibration to test the viscosity of a
liquid.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture by utilizing vibration.
61.75 for utilizing vibration to measure the solid content
of a liquid mixture.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to measure the content or the
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.42 for utilization of vibration for detecting gelling or
coagulation characteristics of a liquid.
64.49 for determining surface tension by utilizing
vibration.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
592 for utilizing vibration to test for liquid leakage or a
pipe flaw.
Subclass:
61.51
Buoyant detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the detector floats on the surface of the
liquid.
Subclass:
61.52
Chromatography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by successively
testing the effluence of a mixture of liquids, which has
contacted a solvent or sorbent which separates the mixture
into fractional components in order to determine the
quantity, quality or identity of a component of the
effluent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.1 for a gas chromatos:graphic process or apparatus for
determining the presence of or the amount of gas in a
liquid.
23.35 for the analysis of gas by chromatography.
863 for liquid sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 400 for
electrolytic analysis and testing apparatus.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 775 for electrolytic
analysis or testing processes.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 85 for a liquid
separator with a recorder, subclass 198.2 for a device for
removing a constituent from a liquid by sorption combined
with means to add treating material, subclasses 263+ for a
liquid separator utilizing a bed of particulate material and
subclasses 660+ for a process of removing a constituent from
a liquid by sorption.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, particularly 459
for liquid analysis using ionization effects and appropriate
subclasses for testing a liquid by measuring an electrical
property of the liquid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 409 for a process of
liquid chromatography wherein a liquid substance, a solute in
a solvent, or a miscible liquid is examined by transmission
of light to furnish a quantitative or qualitative
determination with respect to a chemical composition of the
liquid analyzed in the absence of a color development.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 70 for
chromatos:graphic analysis of a liquid utilizing a chemical
reaction.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass 161 for a process or composition in which the
results of a chemical reaction is subjected to a
chromatos:graphic separation or analysis.
Subclass:
61.53
Column detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a tubular
structure which is either packed with a material having a
known absorption characteristic or is coated with a liquid of
a high molecular weight and having known properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.39 for column detail of gas chromatography in gas
analysis.
Subclass:
61.54
Paper or thin layer type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein the sorbent is a paper or other thin layer
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, subclass 198.3 for
liquid separation using the layer chromatography.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclass subclass 162 for subject of that class type
utilizing paper or thin layer plate chromatography.
Subclass:
61.55
Including sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter combined with means for obtaining a predetermined
amount of a liquid to be tested, for treating a liquid sample
in preparation for its analysis or for isolating individual
components of a liquid prior to analysis thereof.
(1) Note. "Sampling" includes: (a) Transporting or handling
previously obtained samples of liquid in preparation for
analysis. or (b) Introducing previously obtained liquid
samples in preparation for analysis. or (c) The preparation
of a liquid sample prior to the analysis thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.41 for a chromatos:graphic gas analyzer including sample
preparation or sampling.
23.42 for a chromatos:graphic gas analysis including detail
of gas handling.
61.59 for a liquid analyzer using chromatography and
including detail of sampling, sample handling or sample
preparation.
155 for the measurement of liquid flow characteristics in a
well bore utilizing sampling.
170.29 for the measurement of an oceanos:graphic phenomena
combined with sampling the ocean.
863 for liquid sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate subclass
for a urine sampler combined with toilet or means to attach
the sampler to the toilet.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for a sampling process
wherein a step of causing or promoting a chemical reaction,
or regulating or controlling a chemical reaction are
claimed.
128, Surgery, appropriate subclasses for body fluid samplers
having means to contact the human body.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclass, in particularly 21,
29+, 110, and 130 for a device or method of filling a
receiver which is not part of a sampling system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a
combination of a concentrating vessel with means for
withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
166, Wells, in particularly 107, 142+, 162+, and 264 for an
apparatus or method for sampling well fluids.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators and especially subclasses 514+ for
milk and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclass for subject of that
class type which may include an apparatus or process for
obtaining a predetermined portion of material from a mass but
not for testing purposes.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 288 for mass spectrometers
with sample supply.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for subject matter of
that class type including sample preparation and subclasses
244+ for sample holders.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 140 for a
molten metal lance which may include a sample chamber and
subclass 157 a thermometer combined with a sample cup.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclass for sampling pumps, per se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for a sampler
wherein means for causing, promoting, regulating, or
controlling a chemical reaction is claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 309.1
for inoculators, streakers, or samplers adapted for use with
microorganisms and enzymes; and subclass 288.6 for a
microorganism or enzyme measuring and testing apparatus,
including a column separation means.
604, Surgery, subclass 181 for syringes.
Subclass:
61.56
Detail of fluid handling means (e.g., valve, control, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the means for
confining, directing, or controlling the flow of liquid
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclass, in particularly 21,
29+, 110, and 130 for a device or method of filling a
receiver which is not part of a sampling system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a
combination of a concentrating vessel with means for
withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators and especially subclasses 514+ for
milk and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclass for subject of that
class type which may include an apparatus or process for
obtaining a predetermined portion of material from a mass but
not for testing purposes.
Subclass:
61.57
With detail of compensation or regulating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to means for
controlling a condition within the apparatus or making a
correction in a test result due to such condition.
Subclass:
61.58
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a sensing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.61 for a sensing means for detecting liquid constituents
of a liquid mixture, per se.
866.5 for a sensing means, per se
Subclass:
61.59
With detail of sampling, sample handling, or sample
preparation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.43. Subject
matter combined with sampling means wherein significance is
attributed to means for obtaining a predetermined amount of a
liquid to be tested, for treating a liquid sample in
preparation for its analysis or for isolating individual
components of a liquid prior to analysis thereof.
(1) Note. "Sampling" includes: (a) Transporting or handling
previously obtained samples of liquid in preparation for
analysis. or (b) Introducing previously obtained liquid
samples in preparation for analysis. or (c) The preparation
of a liquid sample prior to the analysis thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.23 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a flow of a fluid,
utilizing sampling.
170.29 for the measurement of an oceanos:graphic phenomena
combined with sampling the ocean.
863 for liquid sampling, liquid sample handling, or liquid
sample preparation, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate
subclasses for a urine sampler, combined with toilet or means
to attach the sampler to the toilet.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, appropriate subclasses for
a sampling process wherein a step of causing or promoting a
chemical reaction, or regulating or controlling a chemical
reaction are claimed.
128, Surgery, 185 for body fluid samplers having means to
contact the human body.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclass, in particularly 21,
29+, 110, and 130 for a device or method of filling a
receiver which is not part of a sampling system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a
combination of a concentrating vessel with means for
withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
166, Wells, in particularly 107, 142+, 162+, and 264 for an
apparatus or method for sampling well fluids.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators and especially subclasses 514+ for
milk and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclass for subject of that
class type which may include an apparatus or process for
obtaining a predetermined portion of material from a mass but
not for testing purposes.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 288 for mass spectrometers
with sample supply.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for subject matter of
that class type including sample preparation and subclasses
244+ for sample holders.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 140 for a
molten metal lance which may include a sample chamber and
subclass 157 a thermometer combined with a sample cup.
417, Pumps, for sampling pumps, per se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclass
for a sampler wherein means for causing, promoting,
regulating or controlling a chemical reaction is claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 309.1
for inoculators, streakers, or samplers adapted for use with
microorganisms and enzymes.
604, Surgery, subclass 181 for syringes.
Subclass:
61.61
Detector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.52. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a sensing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.58 for a sensing means for chromatos:graphic
determination of content or the effect of a constituent of a
liquid mixture.
866.5 for a sensing means, per se.
Subclass:
61.62
Depositing characteristic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
ability of the constituent of a liquid to form a deposit or a
coating on a surface (e.g., slime or seal).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for tests for treating a nonliquid specimen to determine
the effect of a liquid on brittleness or erosion resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 175 for scale inhibiting compositions.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 53 for
corrosion testing apparatus.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, for cleaning compositions, including
detergents, for solid surfaces and 245 for scale removing
compositions.
Subclass:
61.63
Settling or filtering ability:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by detecting or
measuring a characteristic associated with the tendency of
the sediment to settle at the bottom of the liquid or a
characteristic associated with resistance offered by the
mixture when passing through material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.64
By volume or flow rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.63. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
volume of flow, the speed, the volume rate of flow or mass
rate of flow of the liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume of flow, speed of
flow, volume rate, or flow or mass rate of flow.
1.73 for proving or calibrating a liquid level or volume
measuring apparatus.
53.04 for a property of a paper or wood suspension by
measuring flow characteristic.
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
54.19 for detail of a timing means in a device wherein
viscosity is determined by gravity movement of an object in a
liquid.
61.73 for utilizing flow effect to measure solid components
of a liquid suspension.
152.18 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a flow of a fluid or
by analyzing a fluid.
170.11 for determining the direction and rate of flow of a
fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
178 for determining the speed of a craft with respect to a
fluid.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of liquid,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclasses, for
nonelectrical means for giving an alarm upon the occurrence
of a predetermined condition of a fluid.
128, Surgery, 668 for measuring blood flow in the body
wherein there is disclosed structure for placement in the
living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow system
and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed valve which
meters fluid merely by timing the interval between opening
and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses
for measuring the rate of flow of drilling fluid combined
with a device of that class.
222, Dispensing, particularly subclass 14, 59, and 71 for
volume or rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing
features or which are used in dispensing combinations.
250, Radiant Energy, particularly subclass 258, 259+, 356.1,
and 432 for miscellaneous radiant energy responsive devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electrical means
for giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in
response to a predetermined condition, such as the flow of
fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an optical measuring of fluid flow not involving nonoptical
measuring or testing beyond that found in Class 356.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 510 for an application of computers or data
processing in fluid flow studying.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89 for
time interval measuring, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
Subclass:
61.65
Sedimentation rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.63. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
rate at which the sediment settles to the bottom of the
liquid.
Subclass:
61.66
With means for accelerating solids (e.g., particles):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.65. Subject
matter including means for imparting an increase in the rate
at which the sediment settles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.67
By pressure measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.65. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity of a liquid flowing through
an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion means by measuring
pressure.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
61.68
Including detail of fluid handling means, sampling, sample
handling, or sample preparation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.65. Subject
matter combined with sampling means wherein significance is
attributed to means for obtaining a predetermined amount of a
liquid to be tested, for treating a liquid sample in
preparation for its analysis or for isolating individual
components of a liquid prior to analysis thereof and/or to
means for confining, directing, or controlling the flow of
liquid material.
(1) Note. "Sampling" includes: (a) Transporting or handling
previously obtained samples of liquid in preparation for
analysis; or (b) introducing previously obtained liquid
samples in preparation for analysis; or (c) the preparation
of a liquid sample prior to the analysis thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.41 for a chromatos:graphic gas analyzer including sample
preparation or sampling.
23.42 for a chromatos:graphic gas analysis including detail
of gas handling.
61.59 for a liquid analyzer using chromatography and
including detail of sampling, sample handling, or sample
preparation.
152.18 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a flow of a fluid,
utilizing sampling.
170.29 for the measurement of an oceanos:graphic phenomena
combined with sampling the ocean.
863 for sampling, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate subclass
for a urine sampler, combined with toilet or means to attach
the sampler to the toilet.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for a sampling process
wherein a step of causing or promoting a chemical reaction,
or regulating or controlling a chemical reaction are
claimed.
128, Surgery, 185 for body fluid samplers having means to
contact the human body.
137, Fluid Handling, for valves, per se.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses, in particularly 21,
29+, 110, and 130 for a device or method of filling a
receiver which is not part of a sampling system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a
combination of a concentrating vessel with means for
withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
166, Wells, in particularly 107, 142+, 162+, and 264 for an
apparatus or method for sampling well fluids.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators and especially subclasses 514+ for
milk and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for subject of that
class type which may include an apparatus or process for
obtaining a predetermined portion of material from a mass but
not for testing purposes.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 288 for mass spectrometers
with sample supply.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for subject matter of
that class type including sample preparation and subclasses
244+ for sample holders.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 140 for a
molten metal lance which may include a sample chamber and
subclass 157 a thermometer combined with a sample cup.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for sampling pumps, per
se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for a sampler wherein means for causing,
promoting, regulating or controlling a chemical reaction is
claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 309.1
for inoculators, streakers, or samplers adapted for use with
microorganisms and enzymes.
604, Surgery, subclass 181 for syringes.
Subclass:
61.69
By optical measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.65. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
effect of the sediment on light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a photocell,
per se, and for analyzing a liquid utilizing invisible light
which is modified by transmission through or emission by the
liquid being tested wherein the modified light is tested.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 436 for
measuring visible light transmission or absorption of a
liquid wherein the test involves no manipulation other than
that involved in optical testing.
Subclass:
61.71
For measuring solid components (e.g., particles):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring or
detecting the identity of, the amount of or the effect of a
solid constituent of the liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
865.5 for measuring particle size, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 335 for determining
particle size by measuring scattered visible light and
subclass 544 for measuring visible light transmission to
inspect or to study a suspension of particles in a liquid.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.72
By separation and subsequent measurement (e.g., by weighing,
X-ray or microscope, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.71. Subject
matter including means for isolating the solid from the
liquid and wherein the determination is made subsequent to
the isolation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclass,
for the separation of liquid components, per se.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
61.73
By flowing through barrier or restriction and measuring flow
effect (e.g., pressure, volume of or rate of flow):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.71. Subject
matter wherein the isolation is made by means of an element
located in a flow path of the liquid and the determination is
made by measuring the effect of the movement of the liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for proving or calibrating volume of flow, speed of
flow, volume rate, or flow or mass rate of flow.
53.04 for determining paper and wood suspension properties
by measuring flow characteristic.
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
54.19 for detail of a timing means in a device wherein
viscosity is determined by gravity movement of an object in a
liquid.
61.64 for determining settling or filtering ability by
measuring volume or flow rate of the liquid or the liquid
mixture.
152.18 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a flow of a fluid or
by analyzing a fluid.
170.11 for the determining the direction and rate of flow of
a fluid in meteorology and oceanology.
178 for the speed of a craft with respect to a fluid.
861 for measuring the volume or the rate of flow of liquid,
per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclass, for
nonelectrical means for giving an alarm upon the occurrence
of a predetermined condition of a fluid.
128, Surgery, 668 for measuring blood flow in the body
wherein there is disclosed structure for placement in a
living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow system
and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed valve which
meters fluid merely by timing the interval between opening
and closing of the valve.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for measuring the rate
of flow of drilling fluid combined with a device of that
class type.
222, Dispensing, particularly subclass 14, 59, and 71 for
volume of rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing
features or which are used in dispensing combinations.
250, Radiant Energy, particularly subclass 258, 259+, 320+,
356.1, and 432 for miscellaneous radiant energy responsive
devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electrical means
for giving a humanly perceptible indication or signal in
response to a predetermined condition, such as the flow of
fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an optical measuring of liquid flow not involving nonoptical
measuring or testing.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89, for
time interval measuring, per se.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, subclass 21 for a system
utilizing a pulse counter to measure fluid flow.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 281 for control of fluid level or
volume, and subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
61.74
Thermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.73. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a heat
or a temperature related property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.42 for determining viscosity by making thermal
measurement.
61.46 and 61.76+, for a thermal measurement of content or
the effect of the constituent of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 43 for
determining the inherent thermal properties, per se, of a
liquid, subclass 54 for thermal measurement of liquid volume
and subclass 139 for measuring the temperature of a liquid
metal.
Subclass:
61.75
Vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.71. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
effect of the suspension being tested on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining viscosity of a liquid by measuring the
force reactance to a member vibrated therein.
54.41 for determining viscosity by utilizing vibration.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture measuring vibration.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to determine the effect of the
content of a liquid.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
Subclass:
61.76
By thermal measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a heat
or temperature related property.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.42 for determining viscosity by measuring heat
transmitting or heat related properties.
61.46 and 61.74, for the thermal measurement of the liquid
content of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 54 for thermal
measurement of a liquid volume and subclass 139 for measuring
the temperature of molten metal.
Subclass:
61.77
Vaporization (e.g., evaporation, distillation, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.76. Subject
matter wherein the property being tested is the rate at which
a liquid turns into a vapor or the heat required to change a
liquid into a vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for an end point test of hydrocarbons.
61.46 and 61.74, for thermal measuring of the liquid content
of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 16 for a test to
determine a thermal characteristic of a specimen or the
temperature at which the specimen changes its physical
state.
Subclass:
61.78
By pressure measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring force
per unit area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity of a liquid flowing through
an orifice, a nozzle or an extrusion means by measuring
pressure.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
64.47 For measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
61.79
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by utilizing
vibration in order to measure or detect the content of or the
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining viscosity of a liquid by measuring the
force reactance to a member vibrated therein.
54.41 for utilizing vibration to test the viscosity of a
liquid.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture measuring vibration.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for measuring the solid components of a liquid
utilizing vibration.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
Subclass:
64.41
Gelling or coagulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring or
detecting the ability of the liquid to coagulate, to form a
clot, or to form a stiffened or solid colloid-like mass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, 113 for compositions for or subcombination
compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid
systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion
inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke
suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), in each instance,
when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
64.42
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.41. Subject
matter wherein the property is being determined by the effect
of the liquid upon vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
64.53 for testing a liquid or a liquid suspension of a solid
by utilizing vibration.
54.41 for the utilization of vibration to test the viscosity
of a liquid.
61.45 for the utilization of vibration for determining a
multiphase constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.49 for the utilization of vibration to determine the
content or the effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for the utilization of vibration to measure the solid
content of a liquid mixture.
61.79 for the utilization of vibration to measure the
content or the effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
592 for the utilization of vibration to test for liquid
leakage or a pipe flaw.
Subclass:
64.43
By optical measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.41. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring or
detecting the effect of the liquid on light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclass, for a photocell,
per se, and 574 for an optical or preoptical system having a
liquid in the path thereof wherein the modification of or the
emission of the radiant energy resulting from the irradiation
of the liquid is tested.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 436 for
measuring visible light transmission or absorption of a
liquid wherein the test involves no manipulation other than
that involved in optical testing.
Subclass:
64.44
Vapor-liquid ratio:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
ratio of the amount of vapor above a confined liquid to the
volume of the confined liquid.
Subclass:
64.45
Vapor pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
pressure of the vapor of a liquid above a confined body of
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity of the liquid flowing
through an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion means by measuring
pressure.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
64.46
Differential pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.45. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by utilizing plural
pressures.
Subclass:
64.47
Osmotic pressure (e.g., diffusion characteristic):
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
pressure due to diffusion of the liquid through a material
(e.g., through a member which is selective to one constituent
of a liquid; the art term for the member being semi-permeable
member).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity by measuring pressure of the
liquid flowing through an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.51 for measuring pressure to determine surface tension.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
Subclass:
64.48
Surface tension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
contractile strength of the elastic skin effect at the
surface of a body of liquid.
Subclass:
64.49
By force or torque:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.48. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
force or the torque required to immerse the member into or to
separate the member from the liquid surface or the force
exerted upon a member by the liquid.
Subclass:
64.51
By pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.48. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a force
per unit area.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.14 for determining viscosity by measuring pressure of the
liquid flowing through an orifice, nozzle or extrusion
means.
61.47 for measuring pressure in order to determine the
liquid constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.73 for measuring pressure of a liquid in order to
determine its solid content.
61.78 for measuring pressure to determine the content or
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.46 for measuring differential pressure to determine vapor
pressure.
700 for liquid pressure measurement, per se.
862 for a dynamometer responsive to force or torque.
Subclass:
64.52
Liquid droplet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64.48. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
characteristic of liquid drops produced by flowing a liquid
through an orifice.
Subclass:
64.53
By vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
effect of the liquid on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for measuring the gas content of a liquid by measuring
the effect of the liquid on vibration.
24.01 for utilization of vibration to analyze gas.
40.05 for acoustic detection of liquid leakage utilizing
pressurized fluid.
54.24 for determining viscosity of a liquid by measuring the
force reactance to a member vibrated therein.
54.41 for utilizing vibration to test the viscosity of a
liquid.
61.45 for determining a multiphase liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture measuring vibration.
61.49 for utilizing vibration to determine the liquid
constituent of a liquid mixture.
61.75 for measuring the solid components of a liquid
utilizing vibration.
61.79 for utilizing vibration to determine the effect of the
content of a liquid.
64.42 for testing of a gelling or coagulation property of a
liquid utilizing vibration.
592 for detecting liquid leakage and location by utilizing
vibration.
Subclass:
64.54
Molecular weight:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the sum
of the atomic weight of a molecule's constituent atoms.
Subclass:
64.55
Interface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by detecting or
measuring a property of the section along a fluid flow where
liquid of a first kind immediately followed by a liquid of a
second kind meets.
Subclass:
64.56
Sampler, constituent separation, sample handling, or sample
preparation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.01. Subject
matter combined with means for obtaining a predetermined
amount of a liquid to be tested, for treating a liquid sample
in preparation for its analysis or for isolating individual
components of a liquid prior to analysis thereof.
(1) Note. "Sampling" includes: (a) Transporting or handling
previously obtained samples of Liquid in preparation for
analysis, or (b) introducing previously obtained liquid
samples in preparation for analysis, or (c) the preparation
of a liquid sample prior to the analysis thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.41 for a chromatos:graphic gas analyzer including sample
preparation or sampling.
23.42 for a chromatos:graphic gas analysis including detail
of gas handling.
61.59 for a liquid analyzer using chromatography and
including detail of sampling, sample handling, or sample
preparation.
155 for the measurement of liquid flow characteristics in a
well bore utilizing sampling.
170.29 for the measurement of an oceanos:graphic phenomena
combined with sampling the ocean.
863 for liquid sampling, liquid handling or liquid sample
preparation, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, appropriate
subclasses for a urine sampler, combined with toilet or means
to attach the sampler to the toilet.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, appropriate subclasses for
a sampling process wherein a step of causing or promoting a
chemical reaction, or regulating or controlling a chemical
reaction are claimed.
128, Surgery, appropriate 185 for body fluid samplers having
means to contact the human body.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, appropriate subclass, in particularly 21,
29+, 110, and 130 for a device or method of filling a
receiver which is not part of a sampling system.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a
combination of a concentrating vessel with means for
withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
166, Wells, in particularly 107, 142+, 162+, and 264 for an
apparatus or method for sampling well fluids.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators and especially subclasses 514+ for
milk and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, appropriate subclass for subject of that
class type which may include an apparatus or process for
obtaining a predetermined portion of material from a mass but
not for testing purposes.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 288 for mass spectrometers
with sample supply.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for subject matter of
that class type including sample preparation and subclasses
244+ for sample holders.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 140 for a
molten metal lance which may include a sample chamber and
subclass 157 a thermometer combined with a sample cup.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for sampling pumps, per
se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for a sampler
wherein means for causing, promoting, regulating, or
controlling a chemical reaction is claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 309.1
for inoculators, streakers, or samplers adapted for use with
micro-organisms and enzymes; and subclass 288.6 for a
micro-organism or enzyme measuring and testing apparatus
including a column separation means.
604, Surgery, subclass 181 for syringes.
Subclass:
65.01
CENTER OF GRAVITY; TURNING MOMENT; METACENTRIC HEIGHT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for
determining (a) the point at which the entire weight of a
body (e.g., a crank or a craft) may be considered as
concentrated so that if supported at such a point the body
would remain in equilibrium in any position, or (b) the ratio
of the torque, applied to a rigid body free to rotate about a
given axis, to the angular acceleration thus produced about
that axis, or (c) the point of intersection of a vertical
line through the center of buoyancy of a floating body with a
vertical line through a new center of buoyancy when the body
is displaced.
(1) Note. This subclass covers determination of mass
distribution and balance of all bodies save rotors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66 for rotor balancing.
172 for weight distribution on the human foot.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 124 for an electrical processing or data
processing system used in the determination of weight
distribution of a body where only the nominal structure of a
sensor is recited.
Subclass:
65.02
Spherical specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter wherein the body is bounded by a surface, all points
of which are at an equal distance from a point constituting
its center.
Subclass:
65.03
Ball driving sporting implement (e.g., golf club, baseball
bat, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter wherein the body comprises a device for imparting
motion to a spherical element used in recreation.
Subclass:
65.04
Watercraft (e.g., metacentric height):
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter wherein the body is a craft for water transport.
Subclass:
65.05
Air or space vehicle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter wherein the body is a structure for (a) navigation of
the air or (b) orbiting the Earth or traveling beyond the
Earth's atmosphere.
Subclass:
65.06
Electric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.05. Subject
matter including means whose electron flow or electron
storage characteristic changes in response to the
determination being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.09 for an electric sensor, per se, for determining the
center of gravity, a turning moment, or a metacentric
height.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a light
responsive sensor, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
piezoelectric sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for a strain gauge, per se, and
subclasses 13+ for a condition responsive resistor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
capacitor-type sensor, per se.
Subclass:
65.07
Dynamic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by providing motion
to the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for vibration testing, per se.
Subclass:
65.08
Torsional oscillation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.07. Subject
matter wherein one part of the body swings about a
longitudinal axis while the other part of the body is held
fast or turned in the opposite direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for vibration testing, per se.
Subclass:
65.09
Electric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65.01. Subject
matter including means whose electron flow or electron
storage characteristic changes in response to the
determination being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.06 for an electric sensor for determining the center of
gravity, a turning moment, or a metacentric height of an air
or space vehicle.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a light
responsive sensor, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
piezoelectric sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, appropriate 2 for a strain gauge
resistor, per se, and subclasses 13+ for a condition
responsive resistor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
capacitor-type sensor, per se.
Subclass:
66
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the amount and/or location of
masses or forces causing unbalance in rotatable bodies. The
combination of a balance testing device with means to correct
for the unbalance is classified with the latter. However,
methods of testing for unbalance which broadly recite the
additional step of adding or removing material in accordance
with the indicated unbalance are found here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for devices for testing the aerodynamic balance of
propellers and helicopter rotor blades.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 572 for miscellaneous
rotor structures including those having balancing means.
82, Turning, for the combination of balancing by turning.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 192.1, for compensating
devices for engines, e.g., crank shafts.
219, Electric Heating, for combinations of balancing by
electric welding.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, subclass
2 for balancing by drilling.
451, Abrading, for the combination of balancing by abrading.
Subclass:
73
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the determination of either the moisture
content of materials (e.g., paper, wood, grain, etc.) or the
absorptive characteristics of materials for water or other
liquids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for determination of gas content of materials.
29 for determination of the moisture content of gases.
61.41 for determination of moisture or water content of
liquids.
335 for hygrometers and hygrostats.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for means and methods of moisture content
determination by electrical apparatus which measures an
electrical characteristic such as capacity or conductivity of
the medium in which the moisture exists; note particularly
664, 689 and 694+.
Subclass:
74
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
for determination of moisture content by bringing the
specimen (usually sand) up to the saturation point while
measuring the required addition (residual capacity) as
criterion.
Subclass:
75
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
in which the heat conductivity of the specimen is the
criterion for determining moisture content.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 43.
Subclass:
76
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
for determination of moisture content of materials wherein
the moisture is extracted, collected, and measured as an
index.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, and see the
notes thereto for drying and extraction of liquids from
solids in general.
Subclass:
77
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Subject matter
for determination of moisture content of materials wherein
wet and dry bulb temperature readings are employed, as
criteria.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for wet and dry responsive element hygrometers and
hygrostats, per se.
Subclass:
78
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for direct measurement of the hardness of
materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 where abrasive or milling characteristic is employed as an
index of hardness.
12.01 for other tests in which the specimen is subjected to
one or more sudden blows.
104 for durability of cutting edges as an index of
hardness.
821 for tests of the crushing point of material, sometimes
erroneously designated as "hardness".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses not
elsewhere provided for.
Subclass:
79
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein hardness is measured or determined by either dropping
an object on the specimen and observing rebound, or by
dropping the specimen upon an anvil and observing rebound.
Subclass:
81
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein hardness is measured in terms of its resistance to a
penetrator or to indentation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for resistance to drilling as index of hardness.
700 for fluid pressure gauges, other than those which
measure the hardness of the tire as an index of fluid
pressure which are in this subclass (81).
Subclass:
82
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
for measurement of hardness of materials wherein a penetrator
or indentor is impelled against the specimen under a
predetermined force.
Subclass:
83
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein a penetrator or indentor is urged into the specimen
with successive minor (to penetrate the skin) and major
loads. Usually the penetration measurement begins with the
major load.
Subclass:
84
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
for determining, through resistance to a penetrator, the load
sustaining or bearing capacity of soil or foundations.
Subclass:
85
Penetrator elements or points, per se, or holders therefor
employed by the apparatus or processes of subclasses 81+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 189.
279, Chucks or Sockets.
Subclass:
86
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for treating specimens with fluids to
determine the effect of such fluids on the brittleness or the
erosion resistant properties of such specimens.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for determination of the instant brittleness rating of a
specimen, as compared with embrittlement which is the aging
of the material to brittleness.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 53 for
corrosion testing apparatus.
Subclass:
87
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the degree of brittleness or
ductility of a specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
788 for mere determination of strength of materials, as
compressive strength, tensile strength, flexing, bending or
folding strength, bursting or rupture strength of sheet
material, etc.
Subclass:
104
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing surfaces and cutting edges for
defects. The surface inspection includes such variations as
soft spots, cracks, fissures and other flaws not elsewhere
classified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for leakage tests.
53.06 for lubricant testing by analyzing characteristics of
a measuring surface.
64.48 for measuring the surface tension of a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 302 for methods of using fluorescent
and radioactive tracer material to detect flaws.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 213 and
216 for flaw detection by magnetic tests.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 2 for contour
plotting, subclass 69 for cutting blade sharpness tests, and
subclass 371 for flatness testing.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 4 for detection of flaws
or leaks by thermal effects.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, 58 for flaw
analysis.
Subclass:
105
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter
for testing of surfaces for roughness.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, for the measurement of surface
contour and depth of valleys.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 445 for light reflection
tests including glass and light diffusion tests.
Subclass:
112
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the working efficiency (input
vs. output) of power plants or units thereof, such as
condensers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862 for dynamometers.
Subclass:
113
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
for measuring fuel consumption over selected period of
operation or distance traveled.
Subclass:
114
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter
for indicating at any given instant or for an immediately
elapsed period or distance the rate of fuel consumption per
mile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, 61 for "miles per gallon" calculators, where
the characteristics of the devices which respond to engine or
vehicle operation or to fuel feed are not claimed, though
they may be included by name or type as operators of the
calculator.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
utilizing the pressure within an engine as a factor of its
performance or efficiency.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass.
Subclass:
116
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for performing a test on a motor or engine to
determine a distinguishing, operational characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35.01 for testing characteristics of motor fuels in
engines.
112 for power unit efficiency tests.
570 for performing similar disparate test utilizing
vibrational characteristics.
700 for a gauge for checking compression in an engine.
862 for horsepower tests, work, torque, or engine loading by
a dynamometer.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
where the motor drives the vehicle wheels which, in turn, are
supported upon rollers or a belt which comprise part of the
test means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for other combinations including a roller or belt wheel
support.
Subclass:
117.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
including an enclosure or a tank which provides controlled
simulated conditions.
Subclass:
117.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
comprising plural means for performing diverse tests on a
motor or an engine under operating conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for disparate tests while the vehicle wheel is supported
on rollers or belt.
Subclass:
117.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 117.2. Subject
matter where the tests are made without shutdown of the
engine during actual operation or on a test stand.
Subclass:
117.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
for obtaining a measurement of thrust as developed by a
reaction or reciprocating engine during actual use or on a
test stand.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.381 for direct push or pull thrust measurement only.
Subclass:
118.1
Testing auxiliary unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
for the testing of auxiliary units of motors and power units,
including carburetors, generators, starters, ignition parts,
etc.
(1) Note. Ignition testing where the sensing means is
mechanical in nature or responsive to pressure is herein
included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49.7 for testing of an auxiliary unit with fluid pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 378 for ignition
system testing to determine electrical properties by
electrical means, and subclasses 181+ where electrical timing
is involved.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 113 where
electrical timing is involved.
Subclass:
118.2
Intake air flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.1. Subject
matter wherein the auxiliary unit is the air intake passage
of the engine and the measurement is the airflow rate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861 for the measurement of volume or rate of flow, per se.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter
for testing of parts of motors and power apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for leakage tests for pistons, rings, or valves.
49.7 for testing of a motor part with fluid pressure.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
in which a piston ring is the thing tested.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring or testing the action of vehicle
brakes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for testing the wear qualities of brake surfaces.
9 for determining friction qualities.
39 for use of fluid pressure to test fluid pressure brake
units or systems.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
in which a vehicle wheel engages a yieldably slidable
platform and the brake effect is interpreted by the reactive
motion of the platform.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein vehicle wheels are supported upon a belt or roller
during the brake test operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for motor or engine testing involving a roller or belt
type of vehicle wheel support.
Subclass:
124
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the vehicle wheels are supported upon rollers or
belt, characterized by the fact that the front and rear wheel
supports are relatively shiftable.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the vehicle and wheels and/or an inertia member is
set in motion to simulate the momentum of the vehicle and the
brake test is to overcome the inertia effect.
Subclass:
126
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter
wherein the vehicle wheels under test while supported upon
rollers or belts are driven against the action of the brakes
and the driving effort employed is an index of brake
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862 for dynamometers usable for determining driving effort
of brake testers.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter
comprising a portable roller or belt unit (for disposition
under the vehicle wheels seriatim), equipped with means for
measuring the driving effort.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for other forms of single wheel drive and torque
measuring testers.
Subclass:
128
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
comprising devices temporarily applied to vehicle in making
road brake test.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject
matter, in which the brake testing arrangement is
incorporated into the vehicle as a permanent part thereof.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
for rotating an individual vehicle wheel and measuring the
required force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 for roller or belt wheel support type.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Subject matter
comprising a torque measuring lever or lever system, said
lever having no ground support or reaction means, for
measuring the force required to move a vehicle wheel when out
of ground contact against the resistance of its applied
brake.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.21 for similar torque measuring levers.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
comprising devices for depressing brake pedal with a measured
force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, for such devices without measuring means.
Subclass:
146
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing of tires, treads or roadways.
"Sperry cars" are here included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for tests of such devices by abrasion, milling, rubbing,
or scuffing.
Subclass:
146.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
for testing the degree of inflation of tires, inflation
sensing means being installed on vehicle structure, wheel or
tire, with indicator means disposed on or within the vehicle
or wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for testing tire inflation by its hardness, or by its
resistance to indentation.
862.381 for thrust measuring means, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 34, for mechanical
apparatus to indicate merely over or under pressure in
tires.
137, Fluid Handling, 227 for tire stem inflation means,
usually valves, with a gauge or indicator.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, 415 for a wheel or tire
having tire inflating means, with or without pressure
indicating or measuring means.
Subclass:
146.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.2. Subject
matter including a direct fluid pressure sensing unit
communicating with the interior of the tire, as through its
valve stem.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for fluid pressure gauges of more general utility.
Subclass:
146.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.3. Subject
matter wherein the reading is transmitted to a distant point,
usually to the instrument board of the vehicle.
Subclass:
146.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.4. Subject
matter wherein the transmission is by electric means.
Subclass:
146.8
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.3. Subject
matter wherein the gauge is mounted, or used, on the tire
stem, usually as a replacement for a valve cap.
Subclass:
147
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in the form of wind tunnels; also means for
studying the flow of fluid about plane wings, and the
behavior of propellers both for air or water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for motor and engine testing.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in the form of basins and tanks for the
testing of ship models or ships.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the measurement of the volumetric content
of a selected space or zone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
426 for measuring vessels.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the testing of coating materials
(coverage, drying time, aging, weathering, etc., inks,
printing and pen; adhesives and plastics) as to all qualities
not provided for in preceding subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 324 for methods and apparatus for
corona irradiation of materials, subclasses 432+ for the
irradiation of contained, supported, or transported fluent
material, subclasses 453.11+ for the irradiation of supported
objects and subclass 493.1 for the irradiation of objects or
materials generally.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 7 for
determining coating thickness by a thermal measurement.
Subclass:
152.01
BOREHOLE OR DRILLING (E.G., DRILL LOADING FACTOR, DRILLING
RATE, RATE OF FLUID FLOW):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
determining a physical characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.01 for gas content measuring, per se, especially subclass
19.09 for measuring the gas content of mud.
23.2 for gas analysis, per se.
32 for density measuring, per se.
53.01 for fluid analysis, per se.
170.01 for fluid flow direction measuring, per se, in a
naturally occurring body of water.
861 for a rate of fluid flow measuring not in a borehole.
863 for sampling, per se, of mud not in a well and of gas
sampling from the soil by means sunk into the ground to a
point not far from the surface of the ground, and especially
subclass 864.52 for sampling devices comprising a receptacle
with suction means.
866 for material analysis, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 304 for a geometrical indicator
for borehole study and especially for a borehole direction or
inclination indicator.
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for mechanical indicators
of a predetermined fluid flow and subclasses 264+ for a
mechanical indicator of the presence or the absence of fluid
flow where no measuring transducer is recited.
166, Wells, subclass 64, 66, and 113 for well structure
combined with measuring and testing means wherein more
structure than is necessary to perfect the testing is
recited, subclass 250.02 for a comprehensive well process
combined with permeability determining wherein more well
detail than is necessary to determine permeability is
recited, and subclass 264 for a well process comprising
merely sampling a well fluid.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for a process or
means of measuring or testing combined with more than a
nominal recitation of an earth boring process or apparatus.
250, Radiant Energy, 256 for testing in a well bore by
measuring radiant energy.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 323 and 355+ for
measuring an electrical property of a borehole, in particular
subclasses 366+ for well logging involving measuring an
electrical property of borehole formation, and subclass 425
for measuring electrolyte properties, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, 853.1 for well bore
telemetry wherein information signals are transmitted to or
from means located in a passageway in the earth.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 22 for a radar
system which is used in geophysical exploration, as for
example, radar sets which are lowered down a borehole to
determine the size of the borehole.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for recorders for
recording the operation of machines and especially 33 for a
recorder combined with external recorder operating means
including a well logging device, and subclasses 112+ for a
graph-type recorder.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 241.1+ for
making borehole or drilling study by measuring visible
light.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 506 for application of an electrical computer or
data processing to testing of borehole or drilling when
significant electrical computer or data processing detail
combined with a nominally recited sensor are recited.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence in a well bore in the form of acoustic waves
traveling in a medium in the well bore different from the
surrounding earth and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, and subclasses 86+ for the communication of
information or intelligence in the form of acoustic waves
traveling through earth detected by electric signal handling
means passing through a well bore and providing information
pertaining to a characteristic or a location of
discontinuities within the earth for electroacoustic borehole
testing and wherein the intelligence pertains to the walls of
the borehole and is obtained from a device which travels
through the passageway and emits acoustic waves into a medium
contained within the borehole (e.g., water, air, etc.) which
are reflected from the walls back to the device and are
detected.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 136 for
measuring a temperature at a single location in a well bore.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate subclass
for testing involving a chemical reaction.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
9 for a process for quantitative or qualitative testing for
mineral deposits by use of microorganisms which thrive in the
presence of such minerals.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
a chemical analysis of a borehole.
Subclass:
152.02
Formation logging (e.g., borehole studies of pressure
derivatives or of pressure-temperature derivatives):
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of earth both below the surface of the earth
and along a surface forming the periphery of the borehole is
made by measuring a parameter at plural positions within the
borehole.
(1) Note. This subclass generally contains subject matter
drawn to the measurement of plural kinds of parameters of a
formation in a borehole. However, the measurement of a single
kind of parameter at plural positions within a borehole, not
provided for elsewhere, is also found here. When two
parameters of the formation are being measured and one of the
parameters is the depth at which a second parameter is being
measured, then the subject matter is found where the second
parameter is found.
(2) Note. Generally, the devices included here include a
process or an apparatus for correlating the measurement of
the physical characteristic of the earth with a measured
depth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.24 for a flow study involving taking a sample from a
formation wall.
152.44 for the identification of a formation from the
relative ease with which a drill penetrates the formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclasses for
instruments, per se, for measuring a distance, an angle, or
the like in a well, and in particular subclass 302 and 304+
for borehole direction or inclination indicators.
181, Acoustics, 102 for well logging wherein acoustical
waves are transmitted or received for the purpose of
identifying geologic or subsurface structure.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 366 for well
logging involving measuring electrical properties of earth
formations in a well bore.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for borehole study by measuring visible light.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 422
for an application of electrical computers and data
processing to well logging wherein details of the computer or
the data processing system combined with only a nominally
recited sensor are recited.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for utilizing traveling stresses in the earth
which are detected or generated by electric signal handling
means wherein the electric signal represents communicated
information or intelligence regarding a characteristic or
location of discontinuities in a formation in a borehole.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 136 for
measuring temperature at a single location in a well bore.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
9 for a process for quantitative or qualitative testing for
mineral deposits within a borehole formation by use of
enzymes or microorganisms which thrive in the presence of
such minerals.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
a chemical analysis of a borehole formation.
Subclass:
152.03
During drilling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole is made by making a
measurement of the physical condition of the borehole during
the formation of or the enlargement of an elongated hole in
the earth in situ by dislocating solid material of the
earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.19 for determining a physical characteristic of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a fluid
flow during drilling.
152.43 for making a determination of a physical
characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging
while drilling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 50 for a
process or an apparatus for boring into the earth combined
with a measuring or indicating feature and wherein more than
a mere step of boring is claimed.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 254 for an apparatus or a
method for making a geological test using radiant energy
wherein drilling is involved.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, subclass 369 for well logging while drilling
wherein an electrical property of an earth formation is
measured, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an apparatus or a method for testing drilling mud by
measuring visible light.
Subclass:
152.04
By drill mud analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.03. Subject
matter wherein mud is continuously circulated into and out of
a borehole and a determination of the physical characteristic
of the borehole is made by measuring a condition of, a
constituent of, or a composition of the mud while the mud is
being circulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.09 for determining the amount of gas in mud, per se.
61.41 for the analysis of mud, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, for well mud sampling per se.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for an apparatus or a method of
testing drilling mud by measuring invisible radiant energy.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, subclass 369 for well logging while drilling
wherein an electrical property of an earth formation is
measured, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
drilling mud analysis by measuring visible light.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 509
for the application of an electrical computer or data
processing for testing drilling mud wherein computer
apparatus detail or data processing combined with only a
nominally recited sensor are recited.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for testing drilling mud by measuring a property of
an X-ray or a gamma ray.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 68.1 for a
chemical apparatus for analyzing a drilling mud involving a
chemical reaction.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
9 for a process for quantitative or qualitative testing for
mineral deposits by detecting microorganisms which thrive in
the presence of such minerals.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
chemical testing of fluids within a borehole, especially
subclasses 29+ for petroleum oils or carbonaceous minerals
and subclass 30 for testing drilling mud.
Subclass:
152.05
Density, porosity, or permeability:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the formation is made by measuring (a) a
mass per unit volume of either a bulk formation of a borehole
or of selected constituents of a formation of a borehole, (b)
the ratio of a volume of interstices of either a bulk
formation of a borehole or of selected constituents of a
formation of a borehole to its volume, or (c) a quality of
either a bulk formation of a borehole or of selected
constituents of a formation of a borehole to be penetrated by
a liquid or a gas passing through pores or openings therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30.01 for measuring the density of a gas.
32 for measuring the density of a solid or a liquid.
38 for measuring porosity or permeability by use of fluid
pressure.
73 for measuring the moisture content or absorption
characteristic of a material.
152.41 for determination of permeability by the injection of
fluid into a formation of a borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for testing by measuring a property of X-rays or
gamma rays and in particular for 54 for determining density
by measuring a property of X-rays or gamma rays.
Subclass:
152.06
Including oil, gas, or water saturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.05. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole includes measuring a maximum impregnation by oil,
gas, or water of a bulk formation of a borehole or of
selected constituents of a formation of a borehole.
(1) Note. Fluid saturation of the formation zone may be
measured directly by radiation, electrical, acoustical, or
other means or by comparison tests in which fluid originally
occurring in a formation is replaced by fluid having a known
makeup.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for measuring porosity or permeability by use of fluid
pressure.
73 for measuring the moisture content or absorption
characteristic of a material.
152.08 for determination of a formation logging by measuring
oil, gas, or water saturation.
152.41 for determination of saturation by the injection of
fluid into a formation of a borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
Subclass:
152.07
By a core sample analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.05. Subject
matter including a sample in the form of an undisturbed
portion removed from the formation and wherein the
determination of the physical characteristic of the borehole
is made by analysis of the portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.09 for formation logging by measuring an oil, gas, or
water saturation of a core sample.
152.11 for formation logging by measuring a property of a
core sample.
864.44 for sampling, per se, by use of a corer.
866 for the testing of solid material, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 58 for a
process of obtaining a core sample from a borehole formation
and subclass 403+ and the notes there noted for a bit for
cutting an earth core.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 376 for a purely
electrical measurement of a property of a subsurface core
sample.
Subclass:
152.08
Oil, gas, or water saturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole is made by measuring the
maximum impregnation by gas, water, or oil of a bulk
formation of a borehole or of selected constituents of a
formation of a borehole.
(1) Note. Fluid saturation of the formation zone may be
measured directly by radiation, electrical, acoustical, or
other means or by comparison tests in which fluid originally
occurring in a formation is replaced by fluid having a known
makeup.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for measuring porosity or permeability by use of fluid
pressure.
73 for measuring a moisture content or absorption
characteristic of a material.
152.06 for a borehole formation logging by density,
porosity, and permeability measuring and the measurement of
oil, gas, or water saturation.
152.41 for a determination of a borehole physical
characteristic by measuring saturation by the injection of
fluid into a formation of a borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
Subclass:
152.09
By a core sample analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.08. Subject
matter including a sample in the form of an undisturbed
portion removed from the formation and wherein the
determination of the physical characteristic of the borehole
is made by analyzing the portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.07 for formation logging by determining the density, the
porosity, or the permeability of a core sample.
152.11 for formation logging by measuring a property of a
core sample, per se.
864.44 for sampling, per se, by use of a corer.
866 for the testing of solid material, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 58 for a
process of obtaining a core sample from a borehole formation
and subclasses 403+ and the notes there noted for a bit for
cutting an earth core.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 376 for a purely
electrical measurement of a property of a subsurface core
sample.
Subclass:
152.11
By a core sample analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter including a sample in the form of an undisturbed
portion removed from the formation and wherein the
determination of the physical characteristic of the borehole
is made by analysis of the portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.07 for formation logging by determining the density, the
porosity, or the permeability of a core sample.
152.09 for formation logging by measuring a gas, a water, or
an oil saturation of a core sample.
864.44 for obtaining a core sample, per se.
866 for the testing of solid material, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 58 for a
process of obtaining a core sample from a borehole formation
and subclasses 403+ and the notes there noted for a bit for
cutting an earth core.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 376 for a purely
electrical measurement of a property of a subsurface core
sample.
Subclass:
152.12
Thermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole is made by (a) measuring
temperature at plural positions within the borehole or (b)
measuring temperature related parameters at plural positions
within the borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 10 for temperature
gradient measuring, per se; subclasses 29+ for heat flux
measuring, per se; subclasses 45+ for thermal testing of a
nonthermal property, per se; and subclass 136 for temperature
measuring in a well bore wherein no more than one temperature
measurement in a well bore is made and no other parameter of
the strata or the well bore is measured.
Subclass:
152.13
With heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.12. Subject
matter including means to alter a temperature and wherein (a)
the temperature altering means changes a temperature of the
apparatus for making the determination of the physical
characteristic of the formation or (b) the apparatus for
making the determination of the physical characteristic of
the formation within the borehole alters the temperature of
the borehole.
Subclass:
152.14
With radioactivity measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter including plural types of tests and wherein one of the
tests makes a determination of a physical characteristic of
the borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging by measuring
naturally occurring radiation or radiation produced either
(a) from a radiation source or (b) as a result of bombardment
of elements of the formation by radiation of a different
type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 256 for a well testing apparatus and
method measuring invisible light, subclass 257 for a well
testing apparatus and method measuring invisible light and
combined with detecting the location of a casing collar, and
in particular, subclasses 260 and 269.1+ for a well testing
device utilizing detection of radioactivity and not combined
with a test other than one measuring invisible light.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for the application of an X-ray or gamma ray system,
per se, to testing.
Subclass:
152.15
With vibration measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.14. Subject
matter wherein one of the tests makes a determination of a
physical characteristic of the borehole, the casing or the
drill rigging by measuring the effect of the borehole, the
casing, or the drill rigging on induced, reflected, or
transmitted vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.16 for a formation logging apparatus including plural
types of tests, one of which includes measuring vibration.
152.32 for determining a rate of fluid flow within a
borehole by measuring the effect of the rate of fluid flow on
vibration.
152.47 for making a downhole measurement of a characteristic
of a borehole, a casing or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration during drilling.
152.57 for determining a condition of a cementing in a
borehole, per se, by measuring vibration.
152.58 for determining a physical condition of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by making a measurement of
vibration by an instrument located within a borehole.
570 for measuring and testing, per se, by use of vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 102 for acoustic well logging.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence traveling through earth in a well bore in the
form of acoustic waves traveling in a medium in the well bore
different from the surrounding earth and providing
information pertaining to a characteristic or a location of
discontinuities within the earth, and subclasses 86+ for the
communication of information or intelligence in the form of
acoustic waves traveling through earth detected by electric
signal handling means passing through a well bore and
providing information pertaining to a characteristic of the
borehole or a location of discontinuities within the earth
for electroacoustic borehole testing and wherein the
intelligence pertains to the walls of the borehole and is
obtained from a device which travels through the passageway
and emits acoustic waves into a medium contained within the
borehole (e.g., water, air, etc.) which are reflected from
the walls back to the device and are detected.
Subclass:
152.16
With vibration measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter including plural types of tests and wherein one of the
tests makes a determination of a physical characteristic of
the borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging by measuring
an effect of the borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging
on induced, reflected, or transmitted vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.15 for determining a formation logging by plural tests
including measurements of radiation and vibration.
152.32 for determining a rate of fluid flow within a
borehole by measuring the effect of the rate of fluid flow on
vibration.
152.47 for making a downhole measurement of a characteristic
of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration during drilling.
152.57 for determining a condition of a cementing in a
borehole, per se, by measuring vibration.
152.58 for determining a physical condition of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by making a measurement of
vibration by an instrument located within the borehole.
570 for measuring and testing, per se, by use of vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 102 for acoustic well logging.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence in a well bore in the form of acoustic waves
traveling in a medium in the well bore different from the
surrounding earth and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, and subclasses 86+ for the communication of
information or intelligence in the form of acoustic waves
traveling through earth detected by electric signal handling
means passing through a well bore and providing information
pertaining to a characteristic of the well bore or a location
of discontinuities within the earth for electroacoustic
borehole testing and wherein the intelligence pertains to the
walls of the borehole and is obtained from a device which
travels through the passageway and emits acoustic waves into
a medium contained within the borehole (e.g., water, air,
etc.) which are reflected from the walls back to the device
and are detected.
Subclass:
152.17
With detail of a borehole wall engaging means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.02. Subject
matter including a structure engaging a wall of the borehole
either for positioning or for maintaining the positioning of
the apparatus while the test is being performed and wherein
significance is attributed to the structure engaging the
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 241.5 for wall engaging means for well
logging devices wherein more well structure is recited than
is necessary for perfecting the test.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 286 for borehole wall engaging
means for a well testing apparatus and method.
Subclass:
152.18
Fluid flow measuring or fluid analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by either (a) detecting the movement of or
the presence of a fluid which has traveled either (1) from
the formation into the borehole, (2) from the borehole into
the formation, (3) from the outside of the borehole into the
borehole, or (d) from inside the borehole to the outside of
the borehole; (b) measuring a rate, a direction, or a
magnitude of fluid flow either (1) from the formation into
the borehole, (2) from the borehole into the formation, (3)
from the outside of the borehole into the borehole, or (4)
from inside the borehole to the outside of the borehole, or
(c) detecting or measuring the presence of or an amount of a
constituent of a fluid within the borehole, the ratio of one
constituent of the fluid to another constituent of the fluid
or the effect of a constituent of the fluid.
(1) Note. Production indices are included here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.1 for measuring the gaseous content of a liquid.
53.01 for liquid analysis, per se.
170.01 for fluid flow direction determination not in a
borehole or in a drilling study.
861 for volume or rate of fluid flow determination, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a mechanical alarm, per
se, giving a humanly perceptible signal in response to a
predetermined fluid flow and subclasses 264 for a mechanical
indicator structure, per se, giving a humanly perceptible
signal in response to the presence or absence of fluid flow.
166, Wells, appropriate subclass for the combination of a
well structure and fluid flow measuring wherein more well
structure is recited than that which is necessary for
perfecting the measurement.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48 for
measurement of or an indication of drilling fluid flow
combined with more than a mere boring step or detail of a
boring apparatus.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for the testing of well fluid by
measuring a property of invisible light and subclass 301 for
a method of determining oil presence, contamination, or
concentration.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
measuring a rate of fluid flow by subjecting the fluid to
magnetic resonance.
340, Communications: Electrical, 603 for an electrical
indicator or alarm providing a humanly perceptible signal in
response to a predetermined fluid flow and providing no
quantitative measurement.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
testing fluid by measuring a characteristic of visible
light.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 422 for application of an electrical computer or
data processing to borehole logging when significant
electrical computer or data processing detail and nominal
transducer detail is recited and subclass 510 for application
of an electrical computer or data processing to the
measurement of flow when significant electrical computer or
data processing detail and only nominal sensor detail are
recited.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for fluid analysis by measuring a property of X-rays
or gamma rays.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 68.1 for a chemical
apparatus for analyzing a liquid.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
9 for the detection of the presence of fluids within a
borehole by sensing the presence of microorganisms in the
vicinity of the fluid.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
chemical testing of fluids within a borehole, especially
subclasses 29+ for petroleum oils or carbonaceous minerals,
and subclass 30 for testing drilling mud.
Subclass:
152.19
During drilling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made during the
process of making or enlarging an elongated hole in the earth
in situ by dislocating a solid material in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.03 for formation logging during a drilling operation.
152.21 for determining a physical characteristic of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a fluid
flow during drilling.
152.43 for determining a physical characteristic of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging during a drilling
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for a process or an
apparatus for boring into the earth combined with a measuring
or indicating feature and wherein more than a mere step of
boring is claimed.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 254 for an apparatus or a
method for making a geological test using radiant energy
wherein drilling is involved.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, subclass 369 for well logging while drilling
wherein an electrical property of an earth formation is
measured, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an apparatus or a method for testing drilling mud by
measuring visible light.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
a chemical analyzer for conducting a test within the earth's
crust.
Subclass:
152.21
Rate of fluid flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.19. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
measuring a speed of flow, a volume rate of fluid flow, or a
mass rate of fluid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.07 and 54.13, for determining viscosity by measuring a
rate of fluid flow.
61.64 for measuring settling or filtering ability of a
constituent of a liquid mixture by measuring a rate of fluid
flow.
61.73 for measuring solid components by measuring a rate of
fluid flow.
152.29 for measuring a rate of flow of a fluid in a
borehole.
170.07 and 170.11+, for fluid flow direction determination
not in a borehole or in a drilling study.
861 for measuring a rate of fluid flow, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a mechanical alarm, per
se, producing a humanly perceptible signal in response to a
rate of fluid flow within a borehole, a casing, or a drill
rigging; and subclasses 264+ for a mechanical indicator
structure, per se, providing a humanly perceptible signal
responsive to a rate of fluid flow within a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48 for
measurement or indication of drilling fluid rate of flow
combined with more than a mere boring step or details of a
boring apparatus.
250, Radiant Energy, 253 for determining rate of a fluid
flow within a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by
measuring invisible light.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
determining a rate of flow of a volume of fluid within a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by subjecting the
fluid to magnetic resonance, and subclasses 324+ for a
determination of a rate of fluid flow within a borehole by
making a purely electrical measurement.
340, Communications: Electrical, 608 for an electrical
indicator providing a humanly perceptible signal in response
to a predetermined rate of flow of a fluid flowing within a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging and not providing a
quantitative measurement.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
determining a rate of flow of a fluid in a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring visible light.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 420
for application of an electrical computer or data processing
to a determination of a rate of fluid flow in a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging when significant electrical
computer or data processing detail and nominal transducer
detail are recited, and subclass 510 for application of an
electrical computer or data processing to a determination of
rate of fluid flow, per se, when significant electrical
computer or data processing detail and nominally recited
sensor are claimed.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for determining the flow rate of a fluid in a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
property of an X-ray or a gamma ray.
Subclass:
152.22
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.19. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
measuring pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for performing a test by use of fluid pressure.
152.27 for a determination of fluid flow by measuring
pressure combined with sampling.
152.51 for a determination of a physical condition of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
pressure.
700 for fluid pressure measuring, per se.
760 for stress or strain measuring or testing by stress or
strain.
862 for force measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a pressure responsive
mechanical alarm, per se, providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined fluid flow, and
subclasses 266+ for a pressure responsive mechanical
indicator which provides a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the presence or the absence of fluid flow.
166, Wells, subclass 64, 66, and 113 for detail of a well
combined with determination of fluid flow by measuring or
detecting pressure wherein more structure than is necessary
to perfect the testing is recited.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 48 for a process or a
means of determining fluid flow by measuring or detecting
pressure combined with more than a nominal recitation of an
earth boring process or apparatus.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 611 for an
electrical indicator or an electrical alarm which provides a
humanly perceptible signal in response to a predetermined
fluid flow via monitoring pressure and subclass 626 for an
electrical indicator or alarm which provides a humanly
perceptible signal in response to the detection of a
predetermined pressure.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 420
for the application of an electrical computer or data
processing to the determination of fluid flow in a borehole
by measuring pressure when significant electrical computer or
data processing detail combined with no more than a nominally
recited sensor are claimed.
Subclass:
152.23
With sampling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter including means for obtaining a predetermined portion
of the fluid to be tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23.41 for sampling combined with a gas analyzer.
61.55 for sampling combined with an apparatus for measuring
a content or an effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture.
64.56 for a sampling combined with a liquid analyzer.
152.07 for formation logging by measuring density, porosity,
or permeability of a core sample.
152.09 for formation logging by measuring oil, gas, or water
saturation of a core sample.
152.11 for formation logging, per se, by a core sample
analysis.
863 for sampling, per se, of mud not in a well and of gas
sampling from the soil by means sunk into the ground to a
point not far from the surface of the ground and especially
subclass 864.52 for sampling devices comprising a receptacle
with suction means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, appropriate subclass, especially 107, 142+, and
162+ for the combination of a well structure and fluid flow
measuring wherein more well structure is recited than that
which is necessary for perfecting the measurement or subclass
264 for sampling well fluids (including gas), per se.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48 for
measuring or indicating drilling fluid flow combined with
more than a mere boring step or detail of a boring apparatus
and subclasses 232+, 244+, and 308+ for means to receive and
retain a sample from an earth formation, including solid
earth, in an earth boring tool.
Subclass:
152.24
From formation wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.23. Subject
matter wherein the sample is taken of fluid flowing from the
formation into the borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.02 for a borehole study by formation logging.
Subclass:
152.25
With a filter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.24. Subject
matter including a barrier having interstices, pores, or
micropores through which at least part of the fluid flows but
which traps some components of the fluid, usually particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.72 for making a determination of solid components of a
liquid by separation of the solid from the liquid and
subsequent measuring.
863.23 for sampling, per se, combined with using a filter to
separate constituents of a sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclass
for a filter, per se.
Subclass:
152.26
With sealing detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.24. Subject
matter including means between a sample induction means and
the formation wall which prevents the contamination of
formation samples with borehole fluids and wherein
significance is attributed to the contamination prevention
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 100 for a lateral probe or port sealed
against a well wall.
277, Joint Packing, appropriate subclass for seals, per se.
Subclass:
152.27
Pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.23. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole is made by measuring pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for performing a test by use of fluid pressure.
152.22 for determination of fluid flow during drilling by
measuring pressure.
152.51 for a determination of a physical condition of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
pressure.
700 for fluid pressure measuring, per se.
760 for stress or strain measuring or testing by stress or
strain.
862 for force measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a pressure responsive
mechanical alarm, per se, providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined fluid flow, and
subclass 266 for a pressure responsive mechanical indicator
which provides a humanly perceptible signal in response to
the presence or the absence of fluid flow, in a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging.
166, Wells, subclass 64, 66, and 113 for detail of a well
combined with determination of fluid flow by measuring or
detecting pressure in a borehole wherein more well detail
than is necessary to perfect the testing is recited.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for a process or
means of determining fluid flow by measuring or detecting
pressure combined with more than a nominal recitation of an
earth boring process or apparatus.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 611 for an
electrical indicator or an electrical alarm which provides a
humanly perceptible signal in response to a predetermined
fluid flow via monitoring pressure in a borehole, a casing,
or a drill rigging, and subclass 626 for an electrical
indicator or alarm, per se, which provides a humanly
perceptible signal in response to the detection of a
predetermined pressure in a borehole, a casing, or a drill
rigging.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 420
for the application of an electrical computer or data
processing to the determination of fluid flow in a borehole,
a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring pressure when
significant electrical computer or data processing detail
combined with a nominally recited sensor are claimed.
Subclass:
152.28
Downhole:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.23. Subject
matter wherein the apparatus for the determination of a
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is located within the borehole while the measurement
is being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.02 for a downhole formation logging instrument.
152.18 for a downhole fluid flow instrument or a downhole
fluid analysis instrument not combined with sampling means.
152.46 for making a nonfluid flow downhole measurement in a
borehole while drilling.
152.55 for making a downhole fluid test, per se, in a
borehole.
Subclass:
152.29
Rate of fluid flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
measuring a speed of flow, a volume rate of flow, or a mass
rate of flow of a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.07 and 54.13, for determining viscosity by measuring the
rate of fluid flow.
61.64 for measuring settling or filtering ability of a
constituent of a liquid mixture by measuring the rate of
fluid flow.
61.73 for making a determination of solid components of a
liquid by measuring the rate of fluid flow.
152.21 for measuring the rate of flow of a fluid in a
borehole while drilling.
170.07 and 170.11+, for fluid flow direction determination
not in a borehole or in a drilling study.
861 for measuring a rate of fluid flow measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a mechanical alarm
producing a humanly perceptible signal in response to a
predetermined rate of fluid flow in a borehole, a casing, or
a drill rigging and combined with no measuring means, and
subclasses 264+ for a mechanical indicator structure, per se,
of the presence or the absence of fluid flow in a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48 for
measurement of or indication of rate of flow of drilling
fluid combined with more than a mere boring step or details
of a boring apparatus.
340, Communications: Electrical, 608 for an electrical
indicator or alarm providing a humanly perceptible signal in
response to a predetermined rate of fluid flow in a borehole,
a casing, or a drill rigging and not providing a quantitative
measurement.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 422 for application of an electrical computer or
data processing to a determination of a rate of fluid flow in
a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging when significant
electrical computer or data processing detail and no more
than a nominal transducer detail are recited, and subclass
510 for application of an electrical computer or data
processing to a determination of rate of fluid flow in a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging, per se, when
significant electrical computer or data processing detail and
nominally recited sensor are claimed.
Subclass:
152.31
Plural diverse measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.29. Subject
matter combined with an apparatus or a process for making a
test in addition to a test for the rate of fluid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
198 for fluid rate of flow measuring, per se, combined with
other measuring not used in a well bore or drilling study.
Subclass:
152.32
Vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.29. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring the effect of the rate of fluid
flow on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.15 for determining a formation logging by plural types
of tests including measuring radiation and vibration.
152.16 for determining a formation logging by plural types
of tests including measuring vibration.
152.47 for making a downhole measurement of a characteristic
of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration during drilling.
152.57 for a cementing or casing test within a borehole
using vibration.
152.58 for determining a physical condition of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by making a measurement of
vibration by an instrument located within the borehole.
570 for measuring and testing, per se, by use of vibration.
861.18 for measuring a volume or rate of fluid flow, per se,
by measuring vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence traveling in a well bore in the form of acoustic
waves traveling in a medium in the well bore different from
the surrounding earth and providing information pertaining to
a characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, and subclasses 86+ for the communication of
information or intelligence in the form of acoustic waves
traveling through earth detected by electric signal handling
means passing through a well bore and providing information
pertaining to a characteristic of a well bore or a location
of discontinuities within the earth for electroacoustic
borehole testing and wherein the intelligence pertains to the
walls of the borehole and is obtained from a device which
travels through the passageway and emits acoustic waves into
a medium contained within the borehole (e.g., water, air,
etc.) which are reflected from the walls back to the device
and are detected.
Subclass:
152.33
Thermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.29. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring an effect of the rate of flow
fluid upon temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.12 for thermal measurement of fluid flow direction or of
fluid flow velocity.
202.5 for thermal sensing of a fluid flow in a proportional
flow meter.
204.11 for a thermal measurement of fluid flow, per se.
861.95 for fluid flow determination by measuring transit
time of a thermal tracer or tag.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
measuring and testing the thermal effect, per se, of a fluid,
particularly 29 for heat flow measurement and subclasses 43+
for heat coefficient measuring.
Subclass:
152.34
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.29. Subject
matter which includes an element rotatable about an axis due
to the flow of the fluid and the determination of the
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring the rate of rotation of the
rotary element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.33 for a device wherein the rotation rate of an element
rotated by a flow of a fluid is used to measure swirl rate of
a fluid flow.
861.77 for a meter for measuring a rate of fluid flow
including an element rotated by a flow of a fluid and having
an electrical circuit and wherein specific details of the
circuit are included.
861.79 for measuring rate of fluid flow, per se, by use of
an element rotated by a flow of a fluid whose rate is being
measured.
Subclass:
152.35
Magnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.34. Subject
matter wherein motion of the rotary element is detected by
sensing magnetic properties or wherein the apparatus includes
means having magnetic properties.
Subclass:
152.36
Packer or deflector detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.29. Subject
matter including either (a) a means for constraining a stream
of the fluid flow to or from a certain stratum and wherein
significance is attributed to the constraining means or (b)
means for constraining the fluid to flow within a certain
flow path within the borehole and wherein significance is
attributed to the constraining means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, 118, 142+, and 179 for a packer for fluid
handling in a well.
Subclass:
152.37
Steady state fluid flow interruption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter wherein the fluid usually flows at a constant rate and
the determination of the characteristic of the borehole, the
casing, or the drill rigging is made by interrupting the
constant rate of flow of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40 for flow restrictors,
per se.
166, Wells, subclass 91.1 for flow restrictors in an
aboveground apparatus for a well and subclass 373 for a
process of operating a valve, closure, or changeable
restrictor in a well.
Subclass:
152.38
Drawdown or shutin test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.37. Subject
matter wherein a determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
decreasing a liquid level or completely stopping the flow of
the fluid as by the closing of a valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40 for flow restrictors,
per se.
166, Wells, subclass 92.1 for well caps or heads, subclasses
95.1 and 97.1 for valves in the well head, and subclasses
316+ and the notes thereunder for valves or restrictors, per
se, for a well or well apparatus.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclass for a
valve, per se.
Subclass:
152.39
Fluid injection into formation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by forcing
the fluid into the formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, appropriate subclass for fluid injection into a
formation of a well and especially 252.1 for well testing by
the injection of fluids into the earth in order to produce
other fluids.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 263 for injection of
chemicals into the earth.
Subclass:
152.41
Determining permeability or saturation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.39. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
measuring either (a) a quality of either a bulk formation of
a borehole or of selected constituents of a formation of a
borehole to be penetrated by a liquid or a gas passing
through pores or openings therein or (b) the maximum
impregnation by gas, water, or oil of a bulk formation of a
borehole or of selected constituents of a formation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for measuring permeability by use of fluid pressure.
73 for measuring the moisture content or absorption
characteristic of a material.
152.05 for determination of a formation logging by measuring
permeability.
152.06 for determination of a characteristic of a borehole
by formation logging involving measuring permeability and
oil, gas, or water saturation.
152.08 for determination of a formation logging by measuring
oil, gas, or water saturation.
Subclass:
152.42
Determining relative proportion of fluid constituent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.18. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring the amount of a constituent of a
fluid within the borehole or a ratio of one constituent of a
fluid to another constituent of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.09 for measuring the gas content of drilling mud.
61.43 for liquid analysis for a liquid constituent of a
liquid mixture.
863.21 for the separation of constituents of a liquid sample
not in a well.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclass
for the separation of liquid constituents of a mixture.
Subclass:
152.43
During drilling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made during the formation of or the enlargement of
an elongated hole in the earth in situ by dislocating a solid
material of the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for wear testing, per se.
104 for surface testing, per se.
152.03 for formation logging during a drilling operation.
152.19 for a determination of fluid flow during drilling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 39 for bit
wear signal generating, subclasses 40+ for a process or an
apparatus for boring into the earth combined with a measuring
or an indicating feature wherein more than a mere step of
boring is claimed.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 254 for an apparatus or a
method for making a geological test using radiant energy
wherein drilling is involved.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 324 for a purely
electrical measurement of a borehole fluid, subclass 356 for
measuring an electrical property in a borehole while
drilling, subclass 369 for well logging while drilling
wherein an electrical property of an earth formation is
measured, and subclass 694 for measuring resistance or
conductance in order to determine water content.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
an apparatus or a method for testing drilling mud by
measuring visible light.
Subclass:
152.44
Drill depth rate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.43. Subject
matter wherein the drill rigging includes a drill and the
determination of the physical characteristic of the borehole,
the casing, or the drill rigging is made by either (a)
measuring the rate at which the drill cuts through the
formation, or (b) periodically measuring the depth of the
drill which is utilized to compute the rate at which the
drill cuts through the formation.
(1) Note. The identity of the formation can be readily
ascertained from the relative ease with which the drill
penetrates the formation.
(2) Note. The measurement of the drill depth rate is usually
recorded by automatic means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.03 for formation logging while drilling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 700 for distance measuring.
Note particularly indented subclasses 713+ for sounding-type
measuring devices.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 39 for
measuring bit wear and subclass 50 for indicating testing or
measuring a condition of a formation in the earth's surface
while drilling when more than a mere step in boring is
recited or drill structure is recited.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for a recorder for
recording the operation of machines and in particular 33 for
a recorder combined with external recorder operating means
including a well logging device and subclasses 112+ for a
graph-type recorder.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 89 for
time interval measuring, per se.
Subclass:
152.45
Electronic processing or electronic recording:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.44. Subject
matter including either a device which works by the emission,
the behavior, or the effect of electrons and wherein the
device either (a) operates on data pertaining to the
determination of the characteristic of the borehole, the
casing, or the drill rigging, or (b) makes a permanent record
of the determination of the characteristic of the borehole,
the casing, or the drill rigging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.53 for an apparatus for making a determination of a
characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by
measuring pressure combined with means for recording the
determination being made.
152.62 for an apparatus for making a determination of a
characteristic of a pump especially adapted for use of a
borehole or a drill rigging and including a device for making
a record of the determination of the characteristic of the
pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass for a recorder for
recording the operation of machines and particularly 33 for
a recorder combined with external recorder operating means
including a well logging means and subclasses 112+ for a
graph-type recorder.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
appropriate subclass for magnetic storage and retrieval of
arbitrarily variable information which is retained in a
storage medium by variation of a physical characteristic
thereof and wherein relative movement between a storage
element and a source of information, a transducer, or a
receiver is required.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 422 for an application of electrical computers and
data processing to well logging wherein detail of the
computer or the data processing system combined with only
nominally recited sensor are recited.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for a recording apparatus not requiring relative
movement between a storage element and a source of
information, a transducer, or a receiver.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for a process of or an apparatus for the storage and
retrieval of arbitrarily variable information which is
retained in a storage medium by variation of a physical
characteristic thereof and wherein relative movement between
a storage element and a source of information, a transducer,
or a receiver is required.
Subclass:
152.46
Downhole measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.43. Subject
matter wherein the apparatus for the determination of the
physical characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the
drill rigging is located within the borehole while the
measurement is being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.28 for downhole fluid flow measuring combined with
sampling.
152.54 for downhole measuring in a borehole while no
drilling is taking place.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 45 for a
downhole measuring when more than a nominal recitation of a
drilling process or structure is recited.
Subclass:
152.47
Vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.46. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for measuring and testing, per se, by use of vibration.
152.15 for determining a formation logging by plural tests
including measurements of radiation and vibration.
152.16 for determining a formation logging by plural tests
including a measurement of vibration.
152.32 for determining a rate of fluid flow within a
borehole by measuring the effect of the rate of fluid flow on
vibration.
152.57 for a vibration test of cement or a casing within a
borehole.
152.58 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring vibration by a device
located inside a borehole.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 119 for a seismic wave generation means
coupled to a fluid.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence in the well bore in the form of acoustic waves
traveling in a medium in the well bore different from the
surrounding earth and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic of the well bore or a location of
discontinuities within the earth, and subclasses 86+ for the
communication of information or intelligence in the form of
acoustic waves traveling through earth and detected by
electric signal handling means (a) passing through a well
bore and (b) providing information pertaining to a
characteristic of a borehole or a location of discontinuities
within the earth for electroacoustic borehole testing and
wherein the intelligence pertains to the walls of the
borehole and is obtained from a device which travels through
the passageway and emits acoustic waves into a medium
contained within the borehole (e.g., water, air, etc.) which
are reflected from the walls back to the device and are
detected.
Subclass:
152.48
Force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.46. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring an agency or an influence that
if applied to a free body results chiefly in acceleration of
the body and sometimes in elastic deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.49 for a measurement of force to determine a physical
condition of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging while
drilling.
152.59 for the downhole measurement of force to determine a
physical condition of a borehole, a casing, or a drill
rigging.
760 for stress or strain measuring or testing by stress or
strain.
862 for force measuring, per se.
Subclass:
152.49
Force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.43. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring an agency or an influence that
if applied to a free body results chiefly in acceleration of
the body and sometimes in elastic deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.48 for a downhole measurement of force to determine a
physical characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill
rigging during drilling.
152.59 for the downhole measurement of force to determine a
physical characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill
rigging.
760 for stress or strain measuring or testing by stress or
strain.
862 for force measuring, per se.
Subclass:
152.51
Pressure measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for performing a test by use of fluid pressure.
152.22 for determination of fluid flow during drilling by
measuring pressure.
152.27 for a determination of fluid flow by measuring
pressure combined with sampling.
152.55 for a downhole fluid test.
700 for fluid pressure measuring, per se.
760 for stress or strain measuring or testing by stress or
strain.
862 for force measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 112 for a pressure responsive
mechanical alarm, per se, providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined fluid flow, and
subclass 266 for a pressure responsive mechanical indicator
which provides a humanly perceptible signal in response to
the presence or the absence of fluid flow.
166, Wells, subclass 64, 66, and 113 for detail of a well
combined with determining fluid flow by measuring or
detecting pressure wherein more structure than is necessary
to perfect the test is recited.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for a process or
means of determining fluid flow by measuring or detecting
pressure combined with more than a nominal recitation of an
earth boring process or apparatus.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 611 for an
electrical indicator or an electrical alarm which provides a
humanly perceptible signal in response to a predetermined
fluid flow via monitoring pressure and subclass 626 for an
electrical indicator or alarm, per se, which provides a
humanly perceptible signal in response to the detection of a
predetermined pressure.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 420
for the application of an electrical computer or data
processing to the determination of fluid flow in a borehole
by measuring pressure wherein significant electrical computer
or data processing detail combined with only nominally
recited sensor structure are claimed.
Subclass:
152.52
Plural diverse measurements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.51. Subject
matter including a process or an apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by
measuring a property other than a pressure.
Subclass:
152.53
With recorder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.51. Subject
matter combined with a means for keeping a permanent record
of the characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the
drill rigging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.45 for an apparatus for making a determination of a
characteristic of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging
combined with an electronic recording means for making a
permanent record of the determination.
152.62 for an apparatus for making a determination of a
characteristic of a pump especially adapted for use in a
borehole or a drill rigging and including means for making a
record of the determination of the characteristic of the
pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for a recorder for
recording the operation of machines, particularly 33 for a
recorder combined with external recorder operating means
including well logging and subclasses 112+ for graph-type
recorders.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for
magnetic storage and retrieval of arbitrarily variable
information which is retained in a storage medium by
variation of a physical characteristic thereof and wherein
relative movement between a storage element and a source of
information, a transducer, or a receiver is required.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, for a
recording apparatus not requiring relative movement between a
storage element and a source of information, a transducer, or
a receiver.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for a process of or an apparatus for the storage and
retrieval of arbitrarily variable information which is
retained in a storage medium by variation of a physical
characteristic thereof and wherein relative movement between
a storage element and a source of information, a transducer,
or a receiver is required.
Subclass:
152.54
Downhole test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter wherein the apparatus for determination of the
physical characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the
drill rigging is located within the borehole while the
measurement is being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.28 for sampling and downhole fluid flow measuring in a
borehole while not drilling.
152.46 for downhole measuring (a) involving no fluid flow
measuring and (b) taking place while drilling is being done.
Subclass:
152.55
Fluid test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.54. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring a property of a liquid, a gas,
or a suspension of a solid in a liquid or a gas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.01 for measuring the gas content of a liquid or a solid,
per se.
28.01 for measuring the solid content of a gas, per se.
73 for measuring the moisture content of a material, per
se.
152.28 for sampling and downhole fluid flow measuring in a
borehole while drilling is not taking place.
290 for measuring liquid level, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 204 for
testing magnetic fluid material, subclasses 425+ for
measuring electrolytic properties of a fluid, and subclasses
600+ for measuring a property of a fluid material by
measuring an impedance or an impedance- related quantity.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 68.1 for fluid
analysis involving a chemical reaction.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 25 for
chemical testing of fluids within a borehole, especially
subclasses 29+ for petroleum oils or carbonaceous minerals
and subclass 30 for testing drilling mud.
Subclass:
152.56
Free point or stuck point:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.54. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring or detecting the point or points
at which a drill pipe, casing, or tubing is stuck in a
borehole traversing an earth formation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, appropriate subclass for a
determination of positions in a well bore, per se, and
subclass 302 and 304+ for well bore configuration
determining, per se.
166, Wells, subclass 255.1 for a comprehensive process
wherein a determination of a position of unintentional
motionlessness of a drill pipe, casing, or tubing within a
borehole wherein more well detail than is necessary for
perfecting the test is claimed.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 854.2 for well
bore telemetry wherein a location of a stuck tool is
recorded.
Subclass:
152.57
Casing or cementing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.54. Subject
matter including (a) a pipe which lines all of or a portion
of a wall of the borehole or (b) a cementing of a lining in
the borehole and wherein the determination of the
characteristic of the borehole is made by measuring a
property of the lining or the cementing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.15 for a formation logging apparatus or process for
determining a characteristic of the borehole by measuring the
effect of cement within a borehole on vibration combined with
measuring radioactivity.
152.16 for well logging including plural types of tests
including making a determination of a characteristic of a
casing by measuring an effect of the casing on vibration and
not combined with radioactivity measuring.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 253.1 for a comprehensive process
relating to wells which includes indicating the location, the
presence, or the absence of cement wherein more well detail
is recited than that which is necessary to perfect the test.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 257 for a well testing
apparatus and method utilizing measurement of radioactivity
combined with detection of a casing collar.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 854.5 for well
bore telemetry wherein either downhole equipment or a
transmission link is described to electrically conduct or
process information signals which are transmitted through a
casing of a borehole to a location above the borehole.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 35 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling in the
earth which are detected by means which travels through a
borehole means generating an electric signal which represents
the communicated information or intelligence and wherein the
information or intelligence pertains to the borehole itself
or to a lining of the borehole.
Subclass:
152.58
Using vibration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.54. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or the drill rigging is made by
measuring the effect of the borehole casing or the drill
rigging on vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.15 for determining a formation logging by plural tests
including measurements of radioactivity and vibration.
152.16 for determining a formation logging by plural tests
including a measurement of vibration and no measurement of
radioactivity.
152.32 for determining a rate of fluid flow within a
borehole by measuring the effect of the rate of fluid flow on
vibration.
152.47 for making a downhole measurement of a characteristic
of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration during drilling.
152.57 for a downhole vibration test of cement or a casing
within a borehole.
570 for measuring and testing, per se, by use of vibration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, for acoustic exploration within a borehole.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 25 for the communication of information or
intelligence in the form of acoustic waves traveling through
earth and detected by electric signal handling means passing
through a well bore and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic or a location of discontinuities within the
earth, subclasses 81+ for the communication of information or
intelligence in a well bore in the form of acoustic waves
traveling in a medium in the well bore different from the
surrounding earth and providing information pertaining to a
characteristic of the well bore or a location of
discontinuities within the earth, and subclasses 86+ for the
communication of information or intelligence in the form of
acoustic waves traveling through earth and detected by
electric signal handling means (a) passing through a well
bore and (b) providing information pertaining to a
characteristic of a borehole or a location of discontinuities
within the earth for electroacoustic borehole testing and
wherein the intelligence pertains to the walls of the
borehole and is obtained from a device which travels through
the passageway and emits acoustic waves into a medium
contained within the borehole (e.g., water, air, etc.) which
are reflected from the walls back to the device and are
detected.
Subclass:
152.59
By measurement of response due to force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.54. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the physical
characteristic of the borehole, the casing, or the drill
rigging is made by measuring a response due to an agency or
an influence that if applied to a free body results chiefly
in acceleration of the body and sometimes in elastic
deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.48 for a measurement of force to determine a physical
condition of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging by use
of an apparatus located within a borehole and during the time
that drilling is taking place.
152.49 for a measurement of force to determine a physical
condition of a borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging while
drilling.
862 for a force measuring apparatus, per se.
Subclass:
152.61
Pump test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.01. Subject
matter comprising an apparatus or a method for determining a
physical characteristic of a pump used (a) for circulating a
fluid in a borehole or (b) for circulating a fluid in a
drilling operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for a process or an apparatus for making a determination
of a characteristic of a pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 54.1 for means separately pumping from
plural sources within a well, subclasses 62, 68+, and 105+
for an eduction pump within a well, and subclass 101 for a
pump for a well wherein the pump exerts an outward pressure.
417, Pumps, appropriate subclass for a pump inserted in a
well, per se.
Subclass:
152.62
With recorder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.61. Subject
matter combined with a means for keeping a permanent record
of the determination of the physical characteristic of the
borehole, the casing, or a drill rigging.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.45 for an apparatus for testing a borehole or drilling
combined with means for making an electronic recording of a
drill depth rate during drilling.
152.53 for an apparatus for testing a borehole or drilling
by measuring pressure combined with means for making a record
of the test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses, for a recorder for
recording the operation of machines, particularly 33 for
recorders combined with external recorder operating means
including a well logging apparatus and subclasses 112+ for
graph-type recorders.
360, Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for
magnetic storage and retrieval of arbitrarily variable
information which is retained in a storage medium by
variation of a physical characteristic thereof and wherein
relative movement between a storage element and a source of
information, a transducer, or a receiver is required.
365, Static Information Storage and Retrieval, for a
recording apparatus not requiring relative movement between a
storage element and a source of information, a transducer, or
a receiver.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate
subclass for a process of or an apparatus for the storage and
retrieval of arbitrarily variable information which is
retained in a storage medium by variation of a physical
characteristic thereof and wherein relative movement between
a storage element and a source of information, a transducer,
or a receiver is required.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the verification of statistical
record data, either perforations or markings, against a
master record or keyboard setting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for determination of the presence of perforations in
sheet or other material without regard to location by using
fluid under pressure (positive or negative).
157 for similar verification of sprocket apertures in
picture films and record strips.
159 for sensing perforations in sheet material without
regard to location therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 34 for a
selective punching machine provided with verification means.
235, Registers, subclass 431, for calculators that compare
two or more sets of data carried upon record cards, etc., and
subclasses 439+ for mechanisms for sensing or analyzing data
on a record, and see the search notes to such subclasses.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for verifying the sprocket apertures of
picture films and record strips.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
156 for verifying statistical card records and see the notes
thereto.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the testing of hoisting cables and ropes,
as for testing centers, twist counting, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
760 particularly subclasses 828+ for stress and strain
tests.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing or inspecting sheet material,
woven fabric materials, and fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for "wear" tests.
37 for tests using fluid under pressure (positive or
negative) as in determining porosity.
73 for moisture content or absorption characteristics
tests.
150 for fade of dyes and other coating materials caused by
fabrics, sheet material, etc.
788 for stress and strain test including tear flexing,
bending, folding, bursting or rupture tests.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 70 for cloth
inspecting.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing,238.1 for the inspection
of cloth for flaws.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter
for testing or inspecting of filaments or strands, for
defects, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
828 for tensile testing of a strand.
849 for testing by bending, flexing, or folding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, 226, for detecting knots or
slubs in threads.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter involving special adoption to the testing of
coil and leaf springs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
808 for fatigue tests.
818 for compression tests.
849 for flexure tests.
Subclass:
162
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the testing of toothed gears of
all sorts for noise, strength, wear, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 179.5 for gauges for
determining the form of spur gearing, hobs or spur gear
cutters.
Subclass:
163
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the testing of coins.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 51 for a device for testing
the size and weight of a coin.
194, Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms, 302 for fraud
preventing devices of the type associated with coin
controlled apparatus which involve coin testing features,
e.g., by testing for size, material or weight.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for testing electrical properties of articles
including coins.
453, Coin Handling, 3, for coin assorters that separate coins
according to size.
Subclass:
164
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the testing of miners' lamps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for testing illuminating fluids.
Subclass:
167
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing of ordnance and projectiles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.04 for testing gun recoil apparatus.
35.14 for study of explosives and explosive pressures.
78 for hardness tests.
760 for stress and strain tests.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
273, Amusement Devices: Games, subclass 404 for bullet traps
combined with targets; and subclass 410, for bullet traps
used with targets.
Subclass:
168
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing hydraulic equipment, blowers and
pumps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for testing by fluid pressure.
112 and 116+, for power plant or unit efficiency and motor
or engine testing.
147 for propeller study.
Subclass:
169
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the physical characteristics
of dough, bread and flour.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 20 for
determination of pressures evolved in fermentation of dough.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, 231 for process of food treating combined with
testing or measuring.
Subclass:
170.01
FLUID FLOW DIRECTION (E.G., WIND SOCK, WEATHER VANE, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for
determining the direction of flow of fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.16 for meteorological measuring not combined with
direction determining.
170.29 for oceanos:graphic measuring not combined with
direction determining.
861 for the measurement of a rate of fluid flow, per se;
especially, subclass 861.85 for an anemometer, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 412, 422, 439+, and
477+ for a device of that class operated by fluid.
116, Signals and Indicators, 273 for mechanical indicators
of the presence or absence of fluid flow, as through a pipe,
and subclasses 173+ for flags.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 199 for a fluid operated
changing or moving figure or figure part.
Subclass:
170.02
Relative to aircraft or watercraft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Subject
matter comprising a process or an apparatus for determining
the direction of flow of fluid relative to an aircraft or
watercraft.
Subclass:
170.03
Sailboat (e.g., sailing aid):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.02. Subject
matter wherein the watercraft is a sailboat.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, 412, 422, 439+, and
477 for fluid operated display devices.
116, Signals and Indicators, 273 for mechanical indicator of
the presence or absence of fluid flow, as through a pipe, and
subclasses 173+ for flags.
Subclass:
170.04
Using a drifter or tracer (e.g., smoke):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by detecting a body
or a substance introduced into and carried by the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.05 861.07, for using a tracer or a tag for measuring the
volume or rate of flow of a fluid, per se.
Subclass:
170.05
Using a fluid actuated alignment device (e.g., wind sock,
weather vane, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Subject
matter comprising a means responsive to the fluid flow which
aligns itself in the direction of flow of the fluid.
Subclass:
170.06
With illumination means or an electro-optical indicator
(e.g., beacon or signal lamp):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.05. Subject
matter combined with (a) means for illuminating the alignment
device or (b) means responsive to electricity for indicating
the fluid flow direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, for an illumination device, per se.
Subclass:
170.07
With velocity determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.05. Subject
matter combined with means for determining the rate of flow
of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.11 for fluid flow direction determination combined with
velocity determination.
861 for fluid flow determination, per se; especially,
subclass 861.85 for an anemometer for measuring wind
velocity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 53 and 119+ for a changing or
moving figure or figure part used as a toy.
Subclass:
170.08
Electric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.07. Subject
matter including means whose electron flow or electron
storage characteristic changes in response to the
determination being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.09 for fluid flow direction determination means not
combined with velocity measuring but having an electric
sensor which is responsive to fluid flow direction.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate sub-classes for a light
responsive sensor, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
piezoelectric sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for a strain gauge resistor,
per se, and subclasses 13+ for a condition responsive
resistor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
capacitor-type sensor, per se.
Subclass:
170.09
Electric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.05. Subject
matter including means whose electron flow or electron
storage characteristic changes in response to the
determination being made.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.08 for a fluid flow device using a fluid actuated
alignment means combined with velocity measuring and having
an electric sensor.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate sub-classes for a light
responsive sensor, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
piezoelectric sensor, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for a strain gauge resistor,
per se, and subclasses 13+ for a condition responsive
resistor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
capacitor-type sensor, per se.
Subclass:
170.11
With velocity determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01. Subject
matter including a process or an apparatus for determining
the rate of flow of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.07 for fluid flow direction determination using fluid
actuated alignment combined with velocity determination
means.
861 for fluid flow determination, per se; especially,
subclass 861.85 for an anemometer for measuring wind
velocity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
446, Amusement Devices: Toys, 53, 119+ for a changing or
moving figure or figure part which is a toy.
Subclass:
170.12
Thermal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the velocity or the
direction of fluid flow is made by measuring or sensing a
thermal effect caused by the flow of the fluid.
(1) Note. Such measurement often includes determination of
the cooling effect upon a heated element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.2 for measuring intake air flow in an internal
combustion engine.
198 for fluid flow measuring combined with diverse subject
matter.
202.5 for thermal sensing of flow including an auxiliary
testing of a flow path.
204.11 for thermal sensing of flow rate.
861.95 for measuring by use of a thermal tracer or tag.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring and testing of a thermal effect, per se;
particularly, 29 for heat flow measurement and subclasses
43+ for heat flow coefficient measuring.
Subclass:
170.13
Acoustic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the velocity or the
direction of fluid flow is made by measuring or sensing the
effect of the fluid flow on a traveling compressional wave
having a frequency within either the sonic or ultrasonic
frequency range.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
645 for measuring acoustic parameters, per se.
861.18 for determining rate of flow, per se, by measuring
vibration or acoustic energy.
Subclass:
170.14
Fluid pressure differential:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the velocity or the
direction of fluid flow is made by measuring or sensing a
difference in fluid pressure resulting from the velocity of
the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for fluid pressure measuring, per se.
861.42 for determining a rate of flow, per se, by measuring
differential pressure.
Subclass:
170.15
Thrust or drag force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.11. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the velocity or the
direction of fluid flow is made by measuring or sensing the
magnitude of a force or a component thereof imparted by the
fluid to an object placed in the flow path of the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862 for force measuring, per se.
Subclass:
170.16
METEOROLOGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for
determining an atmospheric phenomenon or a weather
condition.
(1) Note. This subclass generally contains subject matter
drawn to the measurement of plural meteorological conditions.
However, the measurement of a single meteorological
condition, not provided for elsewhere, is also found here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.01 for measuring solids in the atmosphere other than
micrometeorites.
29.02 for a hygrometer, per se.
31.02 for testing for impurities of the air.
170.01 for a meteorological apparatus or process combined
with wind direction determining.
384 for a barometer.
861.79 for an anemometer, per se.
863 for a sampler, per se, which may obtain a sample of the
atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 69 for a mechanical
alarm or indicator, per se, providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined rain condition and
subclasses 264+ for a mechanical indicator providing a
humanly perceptible signal in response to the presence or
absence of fluid flow.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 134 for the prevention of ice on
aircraft structure.
340, Communications: Electrical, 580 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined icing
condition.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 26 for weather
radar, per se.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 420 for an electrical computer data processing
system applied to the weather.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
atmospheric temperature measuring, per se, subclass 109 for
temperature combined with another atmospheric condition
(e.g., discomfort index, windchill factor) and subclass 143
for significant temperature measuring combined with
nonmeteorological pressure measuring.
Subclass:
170.17
Precipitation (e.g., rain gauge):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein the atmospheric phenomenon or weather
condition to be determined is condensation, formed from a
vapor in the atmosphere, which falls through the atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863 for a sampler, per se, which may obtain a sample of the
atmosphere.
Subclass:
170.18
With recorder detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.17. Subject
matter combined with means for making a permanent record of
the precipitation, wherein significance is attributed to the
record making means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for a recorder, per
se.
Subclass:
170.19
With heater or vaporizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.17. Subject
matter combined with a device for elevating the temperature
of the condensation or for causing the condensation to
vaporize.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, appropriate subclasses for an electric
heater, per se.
392, Electric Resistance Heating Devices, appropriate
subclasses for a heater employing an electric resistor.
432, Heating, for nonelectric heater, per se.
Subclass:
170.21
Sensing accumulated amount (e.g., rain gauge):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.17. Subject
matter wherein the total amount of precipitation falling over
a given period of time is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for volumetric content measuring, per se.
290 for a liquid level or depth gauge, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 601 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined meteorological
condition.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 420 for an electrical computer or data processing
system applied to the weather.
Subclass:
170.22
Using a float:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.21. Subject
matter wherein the total amount of precipitation is indicated
by a device which floats on or in the surface of collected
precipitation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for a float-type liquid level gauge.
Subclass:
170.23
Weight actuated (e.g., tipping bucket):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.21. Subject
matter wherein the total amount of precipitation is
determined in response to the weight of the collected
precipitation.
Subclass:
170.24
Electric disturbance (e.g., lightning):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein the atmospheric phenomenon or weather
condition is due to the flow of electrons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 72 for measuring
electrical potential due to lightning (e.g., a voltmeter in
combination with a lightning rod).
340, Communications: Electrical, 601 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined meteorological
condition, including lightning.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 26 for weather
radar, per se.
Subclass:
170.25
Micrometeorite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein a characteristic of a small solid body
originating in outer space is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.01 for measuring other solid content of air not
originating in outer space.
31.02 for measuring impurity of the atmosphere.
865.5 for particle size measuring, per se.
863.21 for sampling, per se, involving separation of
constituents.
Subclass:
170.26
Icing condition (e.g., accretion):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein the atmospheric phenomenon or weather
condition pertains to the formation of ice on a surface when
it is exposed to the atmosphere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
244, Aeronautics, subclass 134 for the prevention of ice on
aircraft structure.
340, Communications: Electrical, 580 and 962 for an
electrical indicator which produces a humanly perceptible
signal in response to the attainment of a predetermined icing
condition.
Subclass:
170.27
Naturally occurring radiation (e.g., solar radiation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein the atmospheric phenomenon or weather
condition is naturally occurring radiant energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 72 for measuring
electrical potential due to lightning (e.g., a voltmeter in
combination with a lightning rod).
340, Communications: Electrical, 601 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined meteorological
condition.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices
(e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), subclass 26 for weather
radar, per se.
Subclass:
170.28
Using unmanned, self-controlled airborne instrumentation
carrier (e.g., radiosonde):
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.16. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by an apparatus
having no human in it or controlling it during the time in
which the determination is being made, and which is
transported by air or is supported wholly by aerodynamic and
aerostatic forces.
Subclass:
170.29
OCEANOLOGY (E.G., OCEANS, RIVERS, OR LAKES):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for
determining a physical parameter or phenomenon associated
with a naturally occurring body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.01 for the analysis or testing of a liquid, per se.
170.01 for oceanology combined with fluid flow direction
determining.
861 for measuring the rate of fluid flow without direction
measurement; especially, subclass 861.85 for anemometers, per
se.
863 for a sampler, per se, which may obtain a sample from a
body of water.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 5 for marine
platform drilling, per se.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 425 for testing of
electrolyte properties of a liquid, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined condition,
particularly subclass 606 for a flow responsive electrical
indicator and subclass 618 for a liquid level responsive
electrical indicator, and subclasses 850+ for an underwater
electrical communication system.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, appropriate subclass for an underwater communication
employing acoustic waves.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 136 for
underwater temperature measuring and subclass 143 for
combined temperature and nonmeteorological pressure
measuring.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, for a buoy, per se.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 281 for control of fluid level or
volume, and subclasses 282-285 for fluid control.
Subclass:
170.31
Surface wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.29. Subject
matter wherein the physical parameter or phenomenon is a
moving ridge or swell on the surface of the naturally
occurring body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for a model basin or testing tank, per se.
290 for liquid level measuring, per se.
861 for fluid flow rate measuring with direction
determination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 67 for mechanical alarms
providing a humanly perceptible signal in response to a
predetermined oceanological condition; particularly, subclass
107 for a signalling device being placed upon a buoy wherein
the signal is produced by a wave or current.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for a liquid actuated
resistor, per se, and subclasses 35+ for a liquid responsive
resistor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
284 for a liquid level responsive capacitor, per se, and
subclass 285 for a fluid flow responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
170.32
Bottom sediment or soil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.29. Subject
matter wherein the physical parameter or phenomenon is either
(a) matter that settles to the bottom of the naturally
occurring body of water or (b) soil at the bottom of the
naturally occurring body of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61.71 for the testing of sediment other than in a naturally
occurring body of water.
151 for borehole testing, per se.
863 for a sampler, per se; particularly, subclasses 864.65+
for a sampler which collects a sample of bottom sediment or
soil underneath a body of water.
Subclass:
170.33
Towed probe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.29. Subject
matter wherein a measuring device is pulled through a body of
water by a moving craft.
(1) Note. Usually a probe is connected to the moving craft
by means of a cable or a rope.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.01 for probes for use in liquid analysis, per se.
866.5 for measuring probes, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 311
for a piezo-electric device, per se, responsive to liquid
flow or liquid level.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for a pressure
responsive resistor strain gauge, per se, and subclasses 38+
for other pressure responsive resistors, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
284 for a liquid level responsive capacitor, per se, and
subclass 285 for a liquid flow responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
170.34
Unattached, self-contained probe with buoyancy controlled
level of descent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.29. Subject
matter wherein the depth of travel of an independent probe is
regulated by buoyancy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
866.5 for a measuring probe or a probe mounting, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 5 for marine
platform drilling, per se.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 33 for a
buoy having means to release a sensor.
Subclass:
172
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the measurement of the load
distribution of an animate body or member thereof.
Subclass:
178
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Instruments peculiarly adapted to use in conducting a craft
on or through a fluid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for devices for determining the forces on objects such
as aerofoils caused by relative motion with respect to fluids
in wind tunnels.
227 for straight-line-light-ray instruments useful in
conducting a craft on or through a fluid medium.
300 for direction indicating instruments responsive to
gyroscopic forces or to terrestrial gravitation or magnetism
and useful in conducting a craft on through a fluid medium.
466 and 467, for plotting devices.
490 for a device measuring distance by integrating a speed
response and time.
503 for a device indicating velocity with respect to the
earth by integrating time and acceleration.
504.02 for an instrument operated by the combined action of
a gyroscope and a speed or acceleration sensor.
504.03 and 514.01+, for means measuring change of
orientation by acceleration responsive means.
514.01 for an accelerometer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 715 and 720 for line
and lead type sounding devices.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 113 for shoal water
alarms, and subclass 27 for nonelectrical submarine signaling
devices.
235, Registers, subclass 61 and appropriate indented
subclass, particularly subclass subclasses 401 and 402 for
bombing calculators incorporating navigation systems.
244, Aeronautics, 76 for aircraft control apparatus
employing measuring devices.
340, Communications: Electrical, and 29 for other nautical
signaling systems.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclass.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 247 for fiducial
instruments involving significant optics or a deflection of
the line of sight by reflection or refraction principles.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 87, for acoustic echo navigation systems; and
subclasses 118+, for other acoustic navigation systems.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, for
chronometers.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 6 for position
determination by thermal measurement.
396, Photography, particularly 7 for aerial cameras.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 111, 186, and 239+
for devices for teaching or training in the use of navigating
instruments or for such devices when combined with devices
for training in the operation of aircraft.
701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location, subclass 200 for calculations for use in
navigation.
Subclass:
179
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Instruments
responsive to atmospheric pressure variations for determining
rate of ascent or descent of a craft. The change in pressure
may be manifested by flow of fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
384 for altimeters of barometric pressure type.
Subclass:
180
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Instruments
responsive to relative movement of the craft and the fluid in
which it is supported to indicate leeway, angle of incidence
or side-slip.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 328 for attitude indicators
which are controlled or stabilized by a gyroscope.
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Apparatus
responsive to relative motion of a fluid medium and a craft
for use in determining the speed of the craft with respect to
the fluid medium on which it is supported or in which it is
immersed. The speed may be integrated with respect to time in
order to obtain the distance traveled.
(1) Note. This subclass includes analogous devices for
measuring the relative speed of land vehicles with respect to
the air.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861 for mere flow meters which might be carried on a craft.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Logs wherein
the relative velocity of the craft and the fluid in which it
is navigated produces a pressure differential in a device
such as a Venturi, flow nozzle, orifice plate, Pitot or like
device, which pressure differential is a function of said
relative velocity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.42 for pressure differential flow meters of general
application.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Logs wherein
the pressure differential is integrated with respect to time
to determine the total relative distance traveled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.43 for pressure differential flow meters of general
application having integrating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, particularly 61 for integrating means, per
se.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Logs
comprising a drag device which is immersed in the fluid
medium and is towed from the craft. The speed is usually
measured by determining the force exerted on the towing line
or by the extent of rotation of a rotary device on the drag.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Logs of the
type wherein the drag carries a rotary member which is
rotated by the action of the fluid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.79 for turbine type meters of general application.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Logs wherein
the speed is determined by measuring the movement of a
pivoted or sliding flap or vane placed in and moved by the
fluid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for drag type logs.
861.74 for vane type flow meters of general application.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Logs wherein a
turbine or rotary motor member is rotated by the fluid medium
and the number of rotations per unit of time is a measure of
the speed of the craft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
185 for rotary drag type logs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 323.21
for a piezoelectric element forming a resonant structure used
to measure a physical parameter or condition.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Meter systems
employing two or more meters. These systems are usually for
measuring and comparing two or more flows or for selectively
metering small or large flows in meters of different
capacity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 180 for the mixing of
plural gases, one a fuel with means to meter each gas.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for self-proportioning flow
systems.
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Systems
wherein two or more flows are constantly compared and their
ratio indicated, or where comparison is made of the flow of
the same stream at two or more points.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
357 for flow comparing devices peculiarly adapted to measure
temperature by change in flow characteristics of a fluid.
Subclass:
197
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Systems
wherein at least two meters are provided, one sensitive meter
for small flows and one meter of large capacity for large
flows through the same duct or ducts. There is provided some
means to divert the flow to the proper meter under various
flow conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 512, 608+ and 636+ for diverting valves,
per se.
Subclass:
198
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Volume or rate
of flow meters combined with structures other than meters and
not otherwise classifiable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.31 for the use of a fluid flowmeter combined with other
types of measuring in determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging.
181 for ships' logs comprising volume or rate of flow
meters.
215 for Weir meters combined with feed water heater
structures.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, particularly 98, 459+, 486+, 494+, and
460 for fluid handling apparatus which includes volume or
rate of flow meters.
235, Registers, subclass 61 for meters combined with
speedometer means so as to make miles per gallon
computations.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
valves, per se.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 39, for heat quantity
measuring, devices comprising volume meters.
Subclass:
199
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Meters having
combined therewith means for regulating the pressure of the
fluid to the inlet or the pressure drop across the meter; or
means for indicating or limiting the demand (rate of flow,
maximum or minimum) from the meter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for regulators combined with compound meter structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 494 particularly subclasses 505+ for
pressure regulators, per se, not structurally combined with
meters.
Subclass:
200
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Meters
combined with liquid and gas separating means whereby gases
entrained in a liquid to be metered may be separated
therefrom before the liquid enters the meter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for gas meter casings having provision for collecting
drip.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, 155 for degasifying means
for a liquid.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for liquid separators, per se.
Subclass:
201
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Meters
combined with housing boxes or means for connecting the meter
into a pipe line or meter box. Structure of the meter or
meter box, other than a mere conventional statement, must be
included.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 315.06 for means to replace a
combustible gas or water meter or subclasses 343-382.5 for
other fluid handling apparatus casing, support, protector, or
static constructional installation.
220, Receptacles, 3.2 for receptacles having provision for
extending strands, rods, pipes, etc., through the receptacle
wall or for coupling them to the wall.
248, Supports, subclass 317 for meter hanger supports, per
se.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 30 for meter
connections not limited as above indicated.
Subclass:
202
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Devices for
separating from a main flow a definite proportion thereof and
metering such separated portion as a measure of the volume or
rate of the main flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for rotary piston and cylinder meters with a
compensating by-pass.
152.29 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a casing, or a drill rigging.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass xxxxxx
Subclass:
202.5
Thermal sensing of flow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter
in which the rate of flow of a fluid is determined in a
separated flow path by a sensed thermal effect caused by such
flow.
(1) Note. Such measurement often includes determination of
the cooling effect upon a heated element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.33 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
rate of fluid flow responsive to a thermal property of a
fluid.
204.11 for thermal fluid flow measuring, absent a separate
flow path.
Subclass:
203
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Meters wherein
the means for proportionally separating the flow to be
measured from the main flow comprises a proportioning valve
or valves.
Subclass:
204.11
Thermal type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
in which the rate of flow of a fluid is determined by a
sensed thermal effect caused by such flow.
(1) Note. Such measurement often includes determination of
the cooling effect upon a heated element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118.2 for measurement intake air flow in an internal
combustion engine.
152.33 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
rate of fluid flow responsive to a thermal property of a
fluid.
198 for fluid flow measuring combined with diverse subject
matter.
202.5 for thermal sensing of flow including an auxiliary
testing flow path.
861.95 for flow measuring by use of a thermal tracer or
tag.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for measuring and testing of a thermal effect, per se;
particularly 29 for heat flow measurement, and subclasses
43+ for heat flow coefficient measurement.
Subclass:
204.12
With conduit extending between heat sinks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter which measures the flow rate of a fluid flowing in a
conduit extending between two bodies of fixed temperature.
(1) Note. The conduit is itself often a conductive portion
of either a heating or measuring circuit.
Subclass:
204.13
With auxiliary fluid contacting or in heat exchange relation
with flow path (e.g., thermodilution):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter in which an additional fluid is introduced into the
flow path of, or heat exchange relation with, the fluid being
measured, to assist in the measurement.
(1) Note. Included herein is measuring flow of a reference
fluid the parameters of which are known and comparison with
measurements of the mixture with the fluid being observed.
(2) Note. Neither use of a fluid type thermal sensor, nor a
probe cooling fluid, is of itself, basis for classification
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, subclass 49 for measuring flow mass of a
liquified gas.
128, Surgery, 691 for a thermodilution blood flow measuring
device.
Subclass:
204.14
Including digital or pulse measuring circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter which includes measuring circuitry which processes a
portion of a measuring signal in the form of abrupt
variations of an electrical signal level.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 155 for an analog
to digital encoder.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 170 for a thermometer
having digital signal processing.
Subclass:
204.15
Including detail of feedback or rebalancing circuitry:
Subject matter under 204.11 describing a particular feature
of the measuring circuit in which a portion of the circuit
output is either (a) fed back to its input, or (b) used to
control a circuit or circuit adjusting element which balances
a bridge measuring circuit.
Subclass:
204.16
By control of a separate heating or cooling element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.15. Subject
matter in which a portion of the measuring circuit output is
used to control a temperature modifying element distinct from
a thermal sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electrical Heating, 327 for a temperature responsive
electrical heater.
Subclass:
204.17
With distinct heating circuitry for a self-heated sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter having circuitry distinct from measuring circuitry to
pass heating current through a thermal sensor.
Subclass:
204.18
Including response characteristic or condition compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter in which the measurement is modified so as to suppress
the effect of a condition other than flow, or to produce a
desired output characteristic.
(1) Note. Circuit arrangements for output linearization are
included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 for flowmeter temperature or density compensation by
a distinct output signal
Subclass:
204.19
For temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.18. Subject
matter in which the effect of ambient temperature is
suppressed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.15 for temperature compensating bridge circuitry having
a feedback or rebalancing feature.
861.01 for flowmeter temperature compensation by a distinct
output signal.
Subclass:
204.21
With fluid flow deflector or restrictor (e.g., baffle,
constriction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter having an element for modifying the direction, or the
cross-section area, of a portion of the fluid flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202.5 for a restrictor combined with a testing bypass or
shunt.
861.52 for nonthermal flow measuring with a restrictor in
the flow path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40 for a restrictor in a
conduit.
Subclass:
204.22
With sensor housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter including an enclosure which surrounds the sensor.
(1) Note. A conduit for the flowing fluid being measured is
not, of itself, a housing for this subclass.
Subclass:
204.23
Having particular electrical heating, cooling, or thermal
sensing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.11. Subject
matter having a designated electrical thermal modifying or
responsive element.
(1) Note. The structure of a sensing element, not designated
as part of a measuring system, is classified with such
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for thermal measuring system not used for flow measurement.
Subclass:
204.24
Thermoelectric junction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.23. Subject
matter wherein the temperature sensing or modifying element
is a current generating device having a junction of two
conductors of different composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 200 for
structure of a thermoelectric element.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 179 for a thermoelectric
thermometer.
Subclass:
204.25
Resistive element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.23. Subject
matter wherein the sensor or heater is an electrical
resistance element.
Subclass:
204.26
With substrate carrier (e.g., thin film):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.25. Subject
matter in which the resistive element is formed as a thin
layer which is mounted upon a side of a solid element.
Subclass:
204.27
Wire type (e.g., hot wire):
This subclass is indented under subclass 204.25. Subject
matter wherein a thin wire forms both a resistive temperature
sensor and a resistance heater.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204.17 for detailed circuitry for passing a heating current
through a sensor.
Subclass:
215
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Meters having
means for metering by determining the effect upon a flow in
an open channel of a constriction, such as a weir. More than
a mere graduated water gate must be included. The term "open
channel" is intended to include any flow channel wherein the
surface of the liquid above and below the constriction is
subjected to the same pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
valves and their actuating means for closed conduits.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 87 for weirs and water
gates, per se, with or without adjusting means or graduations
and including no meter structure, and subclasses 92+ for
water gate structures with regulating means to cause a
definite volume of water to pass through an open channel
while the head varies.
Subclass:
216
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Meters wherein
the constriction comprises a submerged orifice or discharge
nozzle.
(1) Note. For volume or rate of flow meters, Tank type, see
Search This Class, Subclass, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861 for volume or rate of flow meters, Tank type; meters
under subclass 861 wherein the volume of fluent material is
measured by the continuous filling and discharging of one or
more tanks, buckets or hoppers. The filling and discharging
is directly or indirectly controlled by the fluent material
being metered.
861.61 for pressure differential type orifice or flow
nozzle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 386 for tanks provided with automatic
control of filling and discharging in response to the liquid
level therein wherein structure is claimed that is capable of
general fluid feeding and not limited to use as a meter.
177, Weighing Scales, 18 for a weigher of that class which
also registers the number of fill and discharge cycles.
Subclass:
217
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Tank type
meters wherein the fluent material to be metered is deposited
in a rotatable tank or in buckets carried by a drum or wheel
which rotates from filling to discharging position in
response to gravity or to a power drive when a definite
volume has been placed in said tank or bucket.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, 83 for a rotary tank responsive to
weight.
Subclass:
218
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Meters wherein
power means is provided to rotate the tank or drum from
filling to discharging position, such power means being
caused to operate directly or indirectly by the metered fluid
or fluent material when the tank is filled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 84 for a weigher having power
driven rotary tank responsive to weight in the tank.
Subclass:
219
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Tank meters
wherein the volume is measured in more than one chamber.
Subclass:
220
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Meters wherein
the inlet and discharge valves of the measuring chambers are
actuated by pressure of the fluid to be metered when a
definite static head of the fluid is accumulated in the
respective measuring chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 271, for other fluid actuated valve combinations.
Subclass:
221
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Meters wherein
the inlet and discharge valves of the measuring chambers are
controlled by a float or floats. This subclass includes tank
meters wherein the valves are operated by power means
controlled by a float or floats.
Subclass:
222
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Meters wherein
the discharge from each measuring chamber is controlled by
one or more siphons.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 123 for siphons, per se.
Subclass:
223
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Tank meters
having only one measuring chamber.
Subclass:
224
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Tank meters
wherein the inlet and outlet valves of the measuring chamber
are controlled by a float or floats. Tank meters having
valves actuated by power means controlled by a float or
floats are included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for float operated valves for plural measuring chamber
type.
Subclass:
225
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Meters wherein
the valves of the measuring chamber are actuated by a force
which is stored up and suddenly released through movement of
a float or floats.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
251 and 270, for trip gear in other combinations.
Subclass:
226
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Meters wherein
the discharge from the measuring chamber is controlled by a
siphon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for siphons with plural measuring chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 123 for siphons, per se.
Subclass:
227
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Meters not
classifiable in any of the above subclasses wherein is
provided a means responsive to area of cross section of the
fluid flow to be metered, a means responsive to the velocity
of said flow and a means for integrating both of said
variables to obtain volume.
Subclass:
232
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Meters wherein
the fluid is measured in a continuously operable expansible
chamber device. The energy of the fluid is usually employed
to expand the measuring chamber or chambers, such expansion
being also utilized to drive suitable registering means for
totalizing the number of expansions.
(1) Note. In defining expansible chamber meters, the term
"cylinder" is used to define an external member in the meter
organization which surrounds an internal or piston member
which constitutes a relatively moving wall for the expansible
chamber, the other wall being formed in whole or in part by
the cylinder and the cylinder including the abutment against
which the fluid to be metered acts. In meters having two or
more internal members, both moved by the fluid to be metered
and each external to the other and serving as mutual
abutments, the internal members are each considered to be
pistons, but where one internal member is movable inside of
the other, the inner is considered to be a piston and the
outer a moving cylinder. Where the metered fluid acts on a
cylinder or piston to rotate one relative to the other, the
cylinder abutment is termed an "abutment" and the piston
abutment is termed a "vane".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, and see the reference to
Class 73 in section III of the class definition of Class 91
for a statement of the line.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses, for
an expansible chamber device. For the line between Class 73
and Class 92, see References to Other Classes of the class
definition of Class 92, under SEARCH CLASS 73.
220, Receptacles, 377, 602 and 662+ for a receptacle having a
transparent sidewall or sidewall portion.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
Subclass:
233
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Devices
wherein means is provided for manually or automatically
varying the ratio of transmission of motion from the
expansible chamber means to the indicating or registering
means. Such variation is usually for the purpose of
correcting the indicated volume for temperature and pressure
variations or to change the indication from one system of
units to another, such as from U.S. gallons to Imperial
gallons, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for area-velocity integrating type.
861.81 for turbine type with regulating adjustment.
Subclass:
234
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Meters wherein
the fluid to be metered is measured in an expansible chamber
which is sealed off by a liquid continuously or at some part
of the measuring cycle. These subclasses are not limited to
gas meters and include devices for metering liquids of less
density than the liquid employed as a seal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 176 and 181+ for gas
holders and feeders of similar structure.
Subclass:
235
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Meters wherein
a series of measuring chambers are carried by a drum mounted
to rotate in a sealing liquid. During continuous rotation of
said drum, definite volumes of the fluid to be metered are
successively trapped in said compartments by the sealing
liquid and then released thereby to an exhaust passage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for the rotary tank or bucket types.
Subclass:
236
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Meters wherein
the bell or chambered drum is mounted in a sealing liquid for
oscillation about a pivot. The bell or drum in oscillating
forms an expansible chamber or chambers with said sealing
liquid wherein successive charges of fluid to be metered are
measured.
Subclass:
237
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Meters wherein
the bell is mounted to rectilinearly reciprocate into and out
of the sealing liquid to form therewith an expansible
measuring chamber for the fluid to be metered.
Subclass:
238
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Meters wherein
a multi-chambered bell is so mounted in the sealing liquid
that, when moved, its axis describes continuously the surface
of a cone. The compartments of the bell form with the sealing
liquid a plurality of expansible measuring chambers for the
fluid to be metered.
Subclass:
239
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Meters
employing one or more relatively rectilinearly reciprocating
pistons and cylinders, said piston and cylinder structures
cooperating to define one or more expansible measuring
chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses for an
expansible chamber device of the cylinder and piston type.
Subclass:
240
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
both cylinder and piston reciprocate rectilinearly, the
motion of one being transverse to the motion of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 173.
Subclass:
241
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
the cylinder is supported for rocking movement, which
movement is caused to operate the valves controlling
reciprocation of the piston.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 176 and 210+.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 118 for an expansible
chamber device having an oscillating cylinder.
Subclass:
242
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
all events of the metering cycle of the expansible measuring
chamber are controlled without the use of a valve distinct
from the piston or the piston-rod and the cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 232.
Subclass:
243
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters having
at least two cylinders, each provided with a piston and a
valve or valves for distributing the fluid to be metered to
cause the pistons to reciprocate, the valve or valves for one
cylinder being moved wholly or partially in consequence of
movement of the piston in the other cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for duplex, multiple diaphragm type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 191.
Subclass:
244
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
parallel cylinders are provided, each having a piston
operating upon a common wobble plate or cam which controls
the distributing valve or valves.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 499, for parallel
cylinder type motors.
Subclass:
245
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
parallel cylinders are provided, each having a piston driving
a common shaft extending transversely of the cylinders. The
shaft in rotating operates the distributing valves for all
the cylinders and usually actuates the register mechanism.
Subclass:
246
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Meters wherein
the transverse shaft actuates a single valve, usually rotary,
which controls the induction and eduction to all cylinders.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
265 for rotary valve multiple diaphragm meters.
Subclass:
247
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters having
two or more cylinders with their axes radially arranged.
Either the cylinders and/or the pistons may be movable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 491 for radial cylinder
type motors.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 148 for an
expansible chamber device having a plurality of radially
arranged cylinders.
Subclass:
248
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
the piston or piston-rod carries a relatively movable valve
for controlling at least one of the admission or exhaust and
serves as a seat for the valve or has formed therein some of
the distributing passages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 222.
417, Pumps, 523 and 545+ for expansible chamber type pumps
having a valved piston.
Subclass:
249
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters wherein
the distributing valve or valves are actuated by pressure of
the fluid being metered, although they may be started by the
piston in its movement through contact or by means of a pilot
valve operated by the piston or rod.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
220 and 271, for other fluid actuated valve combinations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 281.
Subclass:
250
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Meters having
a distributing valve mechanism actuated by the piston, piston
rod, or a part rigidly attached thereto. This subclass
includes piston meters wherein the distributing valves are
actuated electrically or by other power means under control
of the piston in its movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 218.
Subclass:
251
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Meters wherein
the distributing valves are actuated by a force which is
stored up and suddenly released through movement of the
piston or piston rod.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 270, for other combinations with valve trip gear.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 97 and 100 for
snap actions, per se.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 338.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, subclass 75 for valve
actuation with snap action.
Subclass:
252
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Piston meters
in which the piston and cylinder relatively oscillate about a
fixed center to expand the measuring chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 339.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 120 for an expansible
chamber devices having an oscillating piston.
417, Pumps, 481 for an expansible chamber type pump having
an oscillating pumping member.
Subclass:
253
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Piston Meters
wherein the cylinder and piston relatively rotate about a
fixed or movable axis to expand the metering chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
Subclass:
254
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Meters wherein
a bypass, usually having a variable restriction, is placed
across the metering chamber to compensate for losses caused
by leakage, viscosity changes, etc.
Subclass:
255
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Meters in
which the piston rotates relatively to its axis while the
axis moves in an orbit. This subclass also includes meters
wherein a point on the piston constantly faces the same
direction while the axis rotates.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 54 for rotary
expansible chamber devices in which the working.
Subclass:
256
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Meters having
a plurality of stationary abutments for cooperation with the
piston.
Subclass:
257
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Meters having
a single stationary abutment for cooperation with the
piston.
Subclass:
258
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Meters wherein
the axis of the piston during the orbital movement describes
a conical surface. This subclass includes meters commonly
termed "disk type".
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 49 for rotary
expansible chamber devices having a mutating working member.
Subclass:
259
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Rotary piston
meters wherein the piston is provided with one or more vanes
which slidably project from the piston to engage the cylinder
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 259 for rotary
expansible chamber devices having positively actuated vanes
and subclass 270 for similar devices having movable vanes.
Subclass:
260
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Rotary piston
meters wherein the piston is provided with one or more hinged
vanes which are extended to engage the cylinder wall and may
be collapsed against the piston in passing the cylinder
abutment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 259 for rotary
expansible chamber devices having positively actuated vanes
and subclass 270 for similar devices having movable vanes.
Subclass:
261
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Rotary piston
meters, having at least two pistons mounted in a common
cylinder and having interengaging portions so that each may
act as an abutment for the other.
(1) Note. This subclass includes meters of the "Roots
blower" or lobed impeller type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 166 for rotary
expansible chamber devices of the moving cylinder type having
intermeshing peripheral surfaces; subclasses 172+, for such
devices of the moving cylinder type having interengaging
peripheral surfaces and subclasses 191+, for such devices
having interengaging rotating members.
Subclass:
262
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Meters wherein
the expansible measuring chamber is defined in whole or in
part by a diaphragm, bellows or similar type of collapsible
wall which moves to provide the expansion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
272 for elements such as casings, diaphragm mountings and
diaphragms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 34 for a bellows type
expansible chamber device; subclasses 89+ for a collapsible
chamber wall type expansible chamber device.
417, Pumps, 472, 474+, 478, 479, 480 for expansible chamber
type pumps having a collapsible wall.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, subclass 45 for
rotary expansible chamber devices having a collapsible wall.
Subclass:
263
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Diaphragm or
collapsible wall meters employing more than one diaphragm to
define the expansible measuring chambers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 48 for an expansible chamber
device having a plurality of diaphragms.
Subclass:
264
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Meters wherein
the movable diaphragms define a plurality of measuring
chambers for each of which a distributing valve or valves are
provided. The distributing valves for one measuring chamber
are moved wholly or partly in consequence of movement of the
diaphragm in the other measuring chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
243 for duplex reciprocating piston or cylinder type.
Subclass:
265
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Meters wherein
a rotary valve or valves are provided to control the
induction and eduction to all of the chambers defined by the
diaphragms. The term "rotary" is intended to include valves
which have orbital movement wherein one point on the valve
continuously faces in the same direction.
Subclass:
266
This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Meters wherein
the rotary valve receives its motion from the diaphragms
through the medium of cranks.
Subclass:
267
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Meters wherein
the motion is transmitted to the cranks from flag-wires or
flag-rods operated by the diaphragms.
Subclass:
268
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Meters wherein
the induction and/or eduction to the measuring chambers are
controlled by slide valves of the oscillating or
reciprocating type.
Subclass:
269
Diaphragm meters wherein the measuring chamber or chambers
are defined by a single diaphragm or bellows.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 96 for a diaphragm type
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
270
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Meters wherein
the valves controlling the induction and eduction of the
measuring chambers are actuated by a force which is built up
and then suddenly released by the movement of the diaphragm.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
225 and 251, for other combinations with valve trip gear.
Subclass:
271
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Meters wherein
the valves controlling the induction and eduction of the
measuring chambers are actuated by pressure of the metered
fluid when a definite pressure builds up behind the diaphragm
at the end of its stroke.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
220 and 249, for other fluid operated valve combinations.
Subclass:
272
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Meter
subcombinations or elements of the type meter provided for in
... and not above provided for. Register connections
including reduction gearing and packings are included here
when claimed with meter structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for reduction gearing, per
se.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 315.06 for means to replace a
combustible gas or water meter.
235, Registers, for registers, per se.
346, Recorders.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for
planetary gearing, per se.
Subclass:
273
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements for
improvements in the casing structure housing the metering
mechanism and not limited to any particular type of meter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for meter boxes.
431 for instrument casings of general application.
Subclass:
274
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Meter casing
structures limited to use with diaphragm meters.
Subclass:
275
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements
comprising devices which cooperate with the meter to prevent
reversing or running backward of the registering mechanism.
This subclass includes devices to protect the meter against
breakage caused by reversing as well as to prevent fraud.
Subclass:
276
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Elements
wherein check valves are combined with meter structure to
prevent reversing or running backward of the registering
mechanism by preventing reverse flow through the meter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 511 for check valves, per se.
Subclass:
277
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements
wherein provision is made to prevent freezing of the meter;
or for expansion or yielding or for the fracture of some
particular part to prevent injury to other portions of the
meter in the event of freezing of the metered fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for anti-freeze constructions of meter boxes of
enclosing the meter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, subclasses 26-35 for other
types of frost constructions capable of general application
and not tied up with meter structure.
220, Receptacles, 89.1 and 265+ for frangible closures and
attachments of general application in metallic receptacles.
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclass 1, for fracturable or
yieldable flanged joints between two parts of a meter casing
wherein said parts are no more in effect than two pipe
members.
Subclass:
278
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements
comprising a devices for mounting a diaphragm in a meter,
usually so as to facilitate removal, repair and/or
soldering.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 98 for a diaphragm mounting
for a diaphragm type expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
279
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements
comprising diaphragm or bellows structure, per se, limited to
use in meters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 96, for a diaphragm type
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
280
This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Devices having
means for oiling the meter diaphragms to preserve and render
them impermeable to avoid inaccuracies caused by porosity of
the diaphragm walls.
Subclass:
281
Tangent adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Elements
comprising adjustments, per se, of the tangent arms and/or
posts of diaphragm meters.
Subclass:
290
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Gauges
for determining the level or depth of bodies of liquid and
not otherwise classifiable. The gauges may be properly
calibrated for use with certain containers so as to indicate
volume as a function of liquid level. The volume indicated in
such instances may be the quantity of liquid remaining in the
container or the quantity removed therefrom. Devices for
gauging the draft of ships are here included.
(1) Note. Devices for determining depths, by sonic or
electrical wave means are found in Classes 324, Electricity:
Measuring and Testing, subclasses 323+; Class 181, Acoustics,
subclass 124 and Class 367, Communications, Electrical:
Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclasses 87+.
(2) Note. For nonquantitative liquid level alarms or
indicators, see Class 116, Signals and Indicators, subclasses
109+ and subclasses 227+ where nonelectrical and Class 340,
Communications: electrical subclasses 618+ where electrical.
(3) Note. Although the patents classified in this and
indented subclasses are principally for devices for
determining the depth or level of bodies of liquid, devices
which are similar in construction or operation to such
devices have been classified herein even though disclosed
solely for determining the level of dry fluent materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
257.073, for a supply container for loading the tool of an
applicator, which container is provided with means for
contacting the applicator for indicating or limiting the
extent of penetration of the tool into the supply and
including means which is adjustable to correspond to the drop
in level of the supply.
33, Geometrical Instruments, 713 for sounding devices for
determining the depth of bodies of fluent material or for
measuring the distance from a datum to the surface of fluent
material wherein only a measurement of distance is involved.
116, Signals and Indicators, see Note 2.
137, Fluid Handling, 386, for fluid handling apparatus
including means for controlling flow in response to or to
maintain liquid level.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 151.3 for a metal casting
apparatus including a melt level sensor.
181, Acoustics, see Note 1.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, see (1) Note above.
340, Communications: Electrical, see (1) Note and (2) Note
above.
Subclass:
291
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Combinations
of liquid level gauges and other measuring instruments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for float gauges combined with hydrometers.
198 for flow meters combined with liquid level gauges.
Subclass:
292
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Liquid level
or depth gauges combined with temperature measuring means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 142, for a
thermometer combined with another measuring instrument.
Subclass:
293
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Liquid level
or depth gauges provided with means for illuminating the
gauge or its indicating portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
325 for liquid level gauges equipped with guards or casings
but including no source of illumination.
327 for liquid level gauge glasses equipped with reflectors
or magnifiers but including no source of illumination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, particularly 23, for illuminating means,
per se, or combined with a gauge dial of general
application.
Subclass:
294
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Combinations
of liquid level gauges with funnels or hose nozzles wherein
no more of such funnel or nozzle is included than is
necessary to provide for the gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, 331, for funnels, per se, and, subclasses
95+, for indicators combined with filling means responsive to
level or pressure in the receiver.
Subclass:
295
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges wherein
the liquid level or depth is determined by temperature
responsive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 151.4 and 450.3 for a metal casting
apparatus having a thermal sensor which may be used for
sensing melt level.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 100 for temperature
measurement, per se.
Subclass:
296
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges wherein
the liquid level or depth is determined by weighing a column
representative of the depth of liquid in the reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for those operating by buoyant effort exerted on a
float.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses for a weighing
device, per se.
Subclass:
297
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges wherein
one or a plurality of test cocks are placed in communication
with a reservoir or water column at various levels so that
the liquid level may be determined by the issuance or
nonissuance of liquid from the various levels. This subclass
also includes the structure of the water column.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 227 for single test
indicators.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
valve structure, per se.
Subclass:
298
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges having
a tube so mounted in the reservoir that one end is movable
with respect to the liquid level and the other end is
connected to the exterior of the reservoir. Determination of
liquid level is accomplished by adjustment of the tube to a
position wherein "flow" or "no-flow" conditions through the
exterior connection are produced by slight movement in either
direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for similar
structure employed for decanting.
Subclass:
299
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges wherein
variations in depth are determined by measuring variations in
static head at some point normally below the surface of the
liquid. These devices usually comprise a pressure gauge with
connections to said point below the surface of the liquid in
the reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
32 for gauges of this type combined with means for
indicating the specific gravity of the liquid.
323 for mere sight glasses.
700 for pressure gauges, per se.
Subclass:
300
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Gauges wherein
the gauge mechanism as a whole or the pressure responsive
portion thereof is peculiarly adapted to be lowered as a unit
to the bottom of the liquid to take a reading of hydrostatic
pressure as a function of depth. An indicator at the surface
may be suitably connected to the pressure responsive device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 715 and 720 for
devices for sounding by the use of a line and weight.
Subclass:
301
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Gauges having
at least one indicator electrically controlled by means
responsive to the hydrostatic pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 for electric
telemetering systems.
Subclass:
302
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Gauges wherein
means is provided for compressing or replenishing the fluid
in the system between the reservoir and the pressure gauge,
or means is provided for displacing or withdrawing fluid from
the measuring system. The displacing or replenishing means
may be, for example, an adjustable plug, a pump, a means to
entrain air by sloshing of liquid in the tank, a vacuum feed
tank in an internal combustion engine fuel feeding system, or
other source of pressure or suction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
439 for similar devices for determining specific gravity.
Subclass:
303
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Gauges wherein
the displacement or replenishing means produces a pressure
less than atmospheric or the action of a vacuum type fuel
feeding tank is employed. The suction may be employed to
produce a pressure differential proportional to the head of
liquid in the reservoir, or may cause directly or indirectly
the entrainment of air to replenish the system.
Subclass:
304
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges having
electrode means exposed to the liquid whereby said liquid may
complete the circuit between said electrodes as it rises.
There may be a plurality of pairs of electrodes at different
elevations or a linear resistance spaced from a conductor and
bridged by the fluid to change the resistance by increments
upon change of liquid level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for immersible electrode gauges employed in connection
with pressure responsive liquid level gauges.
313 for other combinations with electric signals.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 425 for
electrolytic testing and subclasses 600+ for the measuring of
impedance.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 38 for a liquid
resistance element or contact operated by a change in fluid
or gas pressure. See the reference to Class 338 under (3)
Note, C, above.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 620, for a
nonquantitative liquid level alarm having an electrode
probe.
Subclass:
305
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Liquid gauges
wherein the liquid level or depth is indicated directly or
indirectly by at least one float or buoyant body. The float
may be fastened to a support insertable into the liquid or
may be substantially permanently mounted in a container.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass
257.073 for a float atop a column of fluent coating
material, which float is intended for contact with an
applicator to indicate the desired extent of immersion of the
tool of the applicator in the supply as the level of the
supply drops.
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 43.1 for
floats used on fishing lines functioning to control and
support the line.
137, Fluid Handling, 386 particularly subclasses 397, 398+
and 409+ for float controlled valves.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 156.1 and 450.1 for a metal
casting apparatus having an electrical or float level
sensor.
Subclass:
306
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Float gauges
claimed significantly in combination with other devices.
Where more of an art device is claimed than is necessary to
provide for the liquid level or depth measurement, the
patents are placed with such art machine and cross-referenced
here. Since most gauges are situated in a container, the
inclusion of any type of container, or closure therefor,
broadly is not sufficient to place the patent here, and
classification is made in the following subclasses according
to the float gauge structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
291 293, and 294, for combinations of float gauges with other
measuring devices, with illuminating means, or with a funnel
of hose nozzle.
Subclass:
307
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Combinations
of float gauges with signal or alarm means. The signal means
is usually for the purpose of indicating extremes of high or
low level.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 110, 111, 113, and 228+
for float-operated mechanical liquid level signaling means,
per se.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 504.2 for
boiler safety devices with alarms or indicators.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 558, for fluid handling
apparatus including a liquid level responsive signal or
indicator.
Subclass:
308
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Combinations
wherein the signal is electrically operated.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 84
for float operated switches, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, 618 for nonquantitative
alarms responsive to liquid level.
Subclass:
309
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges wherein
the level or depth is determined by measuring the buoyant
effort exerted by the liquid upon a buoyant body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 207 for a weigher operated by
the displacement of liquid.
Subclass:
310
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges having
registering means to totalized the upward and/or downward
movements of the float so as to obtain a total of the liquid
added to and/or removed from a reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 through 226, for tank type meters wherein floats are
employed to operate a register to obtain a total of the
number of times the tank is filled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, for registering means, per se.
Subclass:
311
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges having
more than one float. These floats may operate on the same
liquid, on liquids in different reservoirs or on liquids of
different specific gravity in the same reservoir. One or
several indicating means may be provided to indicate the
level or levels of the liquid or liquids or their differences
in level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861 for multiple float gauges employed to measure
differences in head on flow meters; see the volume or rate of
flow meters in this class, principally subclasses
861.42-861.69 and 227.
Subclass:
312
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges having
means for making a permanent record of the float movements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders.
Subclass:
313
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges having
an indicator which is operated by the float through the
medium of electrical means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 and 308, for other liquid level or depth gauges with
electrical signals or indicators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 84
for float operated switches, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 33 for a resistor having
a float actuator responsive to a change in the level of a
liquid.
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01, for electric
telemetric systems, per se.
Subclass:
314
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges having
means operable to sense or feel the position of the float as
distinguished from indicating means which are operatively
connected with the float for continuous control thereby. The
sensing means is usually manually operable.
Subclass:
315
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges wherein
means is provided to lock the float against motion. Locking
is usually maintained to prevent motion of the float during
surging of the liquid, or to fix the float until a reading is
completed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
314 for float gauges wherein the float is locked during
sensing of the float position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 44.87 for
floats used on fishing lines functioning to control and
support the line and having means to permit selective free
sliding or affixing of the float on the line.
Subclass:
316
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges wherein
the movement of the float in response to changes in liquid
level is transmitted to the indicator through the medium of a
hydraulic or pneumatic transmission means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for hydrostatic pressure type gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 325 for fluid transmission means, per se.
Subclass:
317
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges wherein
the float is mounted upon an arm which is in turn pivoted.
Subclass:
318
This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Gauges wherein
the motion of the float is transmitted to the indicator
through a flexible cable or Bowden wire transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321 for flexible cables in another combination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 500.5 for flexible
transmissions, per se.
Subclass:
319
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Gauges wherein
the float reciprocates vertically or substantially vertically
in following the liquid level.
Subclass:
320
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Gauges wherein
the motion of the indicator is derived from a reciprocally
guided float coacting with a spiral or similar cam surface.
Subclass:
321
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Gauges wherein
the motion of the float is transmitted to the indicator
through a flexible cable or Bowden wire transmission.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
318 for flexible cables in another combination.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 500.5 for flexible
transmissions, per se.
Subclass:
322
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Gauges wherein
the motion of the float is indicated by a stem attached to
and bodily movable with said float and projecting usually
upwardly or downwardly therefrom.
Subclass:
322.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 305. Device
comprising the structure of the sensing means with or without
its mounting or operating connection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying, 43.1 for
fishing float, per se.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, 1 for marine buoys
and floats.
Subclass:
323
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Gauges whereby
the liquid level may be directly viewed. The gauges may
comprise either a transparent plate fastened over an opening
in the reservoir wall or a tube transparent at least in part
and so communicating with the reservoir that the liquid in
the reservoir and tube may assume a common level. The term
"glass", as employed in these definition, is intended to
include any transparent material.
(1) Note. Similar devices employed for determining the level
of dry fluent materials are here included.
(2) Note. For structures similar to sight glasses, such as
tubular ullage rods or sampling tubes, insertable into a
liquid to determine depth or to take a sample, but not
permanently attached to the reservoir, see Class 33,
Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 717+ and this class (73)
subclasses 864+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for hydrostatic pressure type gauges.
747 for U-tube pressure gauges.
864 see (2) Note.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, see Note 2.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, for glass tube structure,
per se, not limited to use as a gauge glass.
184, Lubrication, 96 for similar structures employed with
sight feed lubricators.
220, Receptacles, subclass 82, and see the notes thereto, for
structures wherein a transparent panel is mounted in a wall.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
894 for transparent closures, in general.
Subclass:
324
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Glasses having
a cleaning apparatus or implement incorporated therewith for
cleaning the sight glass, sight tube or its connecting
passages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, 104.03 for
tube cleaning implements, per se.
Subclass:
325
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Sight glasses
provided with a guard or casing for protecting the glass or
for catching the flying glass particles when the glass
bursts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 wherein are classified guards or casings having
illuminating means incorporated therewith.
330 and 334, for the transparent closure plate type of gauge
glasses which are usually provided with clamping means which
project outward from the glass and in a sense form a guard.
Subclass:
326
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Sight glasses
with guards wherein the gauge glass is of the type commonly
employed in boiler installations and comprises a tubular
conduit, transparent at least in part, connected at one end
to the space above the liquid in the reservoir and at the
other end to the reservoir below the normal liquid level so
that the pressures on the liquid in the reservoir and gauge
glass may be equalized.
Subclass:
327
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Sight glasses
having means for reflecting or magnifying the liquid in the
glass. The reflection or magnification may be accomplished by
prismatic formations integral with the glass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for reflectors or magnifiers incorporated with
illuminating means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
642 for lenses, per se, and subclasses 838+ for mirrors, per
se.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 191 for a
reflecting or magnifying element combined with an indicating
tube type thermometer, and subclass 193 for an indicating
tube type thermometer in which the tube has a cross section
causing it to act as an optical element.
Subclass:
328
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Glasses of the
type commonly employed in boiler installations and comprising
a tubular conduit, transparent at least in part, connected at
one end to the space above the liquid in the reservoir and at
the other end to the reservoir below the normal liquid level
so that the pressures on the liquid in the reservoir and
gauge may be equalized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 and 326, for boiler type glasses equipped with guards or
casings.
297 for boiler glasses combined with water columns.
299 for sight glass structure, in hydrostatic pressure
gauges.
747 for U-tube pressure gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, principally 238, for packed
boiler glass joints, per se.
Subclass:
329
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Gauges
comprising a plurality of transparent portions connected
either seriatim for use in determining levels at different
ranges, or in multiple so that they may be selectively
employed to indicate over the same range.
Subclass:
330
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Boiler gauges
wherein the transparent portion is in the form of at least
one closure mounted over an aperture in the tubular conduit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for similar closures mounted directly upon the reservoir
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 377, 602 and 662+ see the notes thereto,
for structures wherein a transparent panel is mounted in a
wall.
Subclass:
331
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Gauges wherein
the transparent closure means is in the form of one or more
disks commonly called "bull's eyes".
Subclass:
332
This subclass is indented under subclass 328. Boiler type
glasses wherein improvements are claimed in the manner in
which the glasses are provided with valves. The valves are
usually manipulable so that the transparent portion may be
cleaned by blowing off steam therethrough or whereby the
transparent portion may be isolated from the reservoir to
permit replacement of the transparent section.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 559 for sight glasses combined
with valves or other fluid handling apparatus.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for
hand manipulable valves, per se.
Subclass:
333
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Boiler type
glasses having provision for automatically closing the valves
to isolate the transparent section when breakage occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 329.1 and 329.2+ for automatic
gauge valves, per se, and subclasses 455+ for valves which
are responsive to change in line condition.
Subclass:
334
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Glasses
mounted directly over an opening in the wall of a container
or reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 for similar transparent closure plates mounted over
apertures in tubes.
427 for graduated measuring vessels.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 377, 602 and 662+ see the notes thereto,
for structures wherein a transparent panel is mounted in a
wall.
Subclass:
335.01
With optical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.02. Subject
matter including a device which changes its optical property
in response to radiant energy.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.13 for determining viscosity by measuring a time interval
of travel or flow rate using an orifice, nozzle, or extrusion
means wherein there is disclosed detail of a means whose
optical character changes due to a change in a physical
phenomenon associated with the liquid whose viscosity is
being measured.
866.5 for a sensor means, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a photocell
detector, per se, 564 for circuits for evaluating a liquid
by means of measuring invisible light which has been modified
as a result of the irradiation of the liquid thereby and
subclasses 573+ for an optical or pre-optical system having a
liquid in the path thereof wherein the modification of or the
emission of radiant energy resulting from the irradiation of
the liquid is tested.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 438 for an apparatus or
a process for determining the moisture content of a gas by
measuring visible light transmission or absorption and
involving no other manipulation other than that necessary for
an optical test for Class 356.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Element,
appropriate subclass, for an detector, per se.
Subclass:
335.02
With electric circuitry or electric circuit component
detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.02. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to an electric
circuit arrangement or to an electric circuit component
having a parameter which is varied due to the effect of the
humidity thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for a device wherein the atmosphere or gas changes
in electrical conductance in response to humidity and such
property is taken as a measure of humidity. Where no
electrical property of the material under test is measured
but an additional element is exposed to the material to have
its electrical properties affected by a physical property of
the material and an electrical property of the additional
element is measured, the art is in Class 73, Measuring and
Testing.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for electrical
resistors whose resistance value is responsive to humidity or
change in humidity.
Subclass:
335.03
Impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.02. Subject
matter wherein the parameter is the impedance of the circuit
or the circuit component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 600 for an
apparatus or process for determining the moisture content of
a material by measuring impedance, admittance or a related
quantity of the material and particularly subclasses 664 and
689 for determining the moisture content of a material by
measuring the resistance or the conductivity of a material in
order to measure its moisture content.
Subclass:
335.04
Capacitance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.03. Subject
matter wherein the parameter is the capacitance of the
circuit or of the component.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 664 and
689 for determining the water content of a material by
measuring the capacitance of the material.
Subclass:
335.05
Resistance or conductivity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.03. Subject
matter wherein the parameter is either resistance or
conductivity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 691 for an
apparatus for determining the moisture content of a material
by measuring the resistance or the conductivity of the
material.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 35 for an electrical
resistor whose resistance value is responsive to humidity or
change in humidity.
Subclass:
335.06
Wet and dry responsive elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.02. Subject
matter wherein determination is made by measuring the
difference in the temperature of aell detectors, per se,
reduced by evaporation of a liquid and the temperature of a
dry member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 28 for a dew
point measuring, per se, subclass 109 for a temperature
measurement involving a composite climate-temperature related
measurement and subclasses 142+ for a combination of a
hygrometer and temperature measuring device.
Subclass:
335.07
With direct readout or calculator detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.06. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to either means for
providing at an immediate glance a single observation of the
difference in the temperature of the wet responsive element
and the dry responsive element or to means manipulated in
such a manner as to provide at an immediate glance a single
observation of the difference in the temperature of the wet
responsive element and the temperature of the dry responsive
element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, appropriate subclass for a register, per se,
for detecting the relative humidity from a psychrometer
reading or for a register combined with conventional
nominally recited elements of hygrometer.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 509 and 550+ for an electrical computer or a data
processing system, per se, for a hygrometer or in combination
with a conventional hygrometric element recited in name
only.
377, Electrical Pulse Counter, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, 9 for a pulse counter, per
se, for a hygrometer or the combination of a conventional
hygrometric element recited in name only.
Subclass:
335.08
Wet bulb detail:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.06. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to the member whose
temperature is reduced by evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 28 for a dew
point hygrometer with a wet responsive member detail.
Subclass:
335.09
Relative air motion creating means (e.g., sling
psychrometer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.08. Subject
matter including means which causes air or another type gas
to pass over the wet responsive member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
454, Ventilation, appropriate subclass for ventilation means,
per se.
Subclass:
335.11
Expanding-sorption element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.02. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a humidity
responsive means which expands in response to absorbing
moisture.
Subclass:
335.12
Coiled or twisted:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.11. Subject
matter wherein the humidity responsive means comprises a
hygroscopic material attached to a circular or spiral shaped
member which winds or unwinds due to changed in dimensions in
the hygroscopic material in response to absorption of
humidity.
Subclass:
335.13
Arcuate or elongated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.11. Subject
matter wherein the humidity responsive means comprises a
member which changes in shape from a straight form to either
a spiral lying in a substantially single plane or to a convex
or a concave form upon absorption of humidity.
Subclass:
335.14
Tensioned:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335.11. Subject
matter including means for stretching tightly the humidity
responsive means.
Subclass:
379.01
MUSCULAR FORCE (E.G., STRENGTH TESTING, EXERCISING OR
TRAINING EFFORT, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an apparatus or method for
determining a force exerted by a living being.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
760 for stress or strain measuring, or measuring by using
stress or strain.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, appropriate subclass for a
mechanical alarm which produces a humanly perceptible signal
in response to a predetermined force; especially, subclass
212 for a similar indicator which is responsive to the
presence or absence of stress.
128, Surgery, 774 for measuring a force exerted by a living
being in order to determine a health condition of the living
being.
340, Communications: Electrical, 573.1 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined condition of a
human being or an animal and subclass 665 for an electrical
indicator which produces a humanly perceptible signal in
response to the attainment of a predetermined mechanical
force.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, 131 for a golf
practice device having force-measuring means and subclasses
422+ for a practice or training device for a playing field or
court game (e.g., baseball, football, tennis, etc.) which may
include a force-measuring means.
482, Exercise Devices, 92 for means upon which muscular
strength may be exerted, but not provided with indicators
movable in proportion to the force exerted, and subclasses
114+ for a user manipulated force resisting mechanism or
element.
601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, 23 for exercising appliances.
Subclass:
379.02
Jaw or hand (e.g., gripping, pinching, or biting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.01. Subject
matter wherein the force is exerted by either a muscle
controlling a jaw or by a muscle controlling a hand of the
living being.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 774 for a device for measuring a force exerted
by a jaw or a hand for diagnosing a condition of the body.
433, Dentistry, 68 for means for recording or indicating jaw
movement or position.
601, Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclass 40 for an exercising
appliance for a hand or a finger.
Subclass:
379.03
Using a resilient force-resister:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.02. Subject
matter wherein the exerted force is applied to a movable
component and an elastically deformable member is used to
restrict or retard movement thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.621 for measuring force by measuring elastic
deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
482, Exercise Devices, 92 for a user manipulated
force-resisting mechanism or element.
Subclass:
379.04
Impact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.01. Subject
matter wherein the force being determined is a sudden blow
exerted by the living being.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.01 for testing by impact, per se.
862.381 for force measuring, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 203 for a device which
indicates that an impact has occurred.
Subclass:
379.05
Using a resilient force-resister:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.04. Subject
matter wherein the exerted force is applied to a movable
component and an elastically deformable member is used to
restrict or retard movement thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.621 for measuring force by measuring elastic
deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
482, Exercise Devices, 92 for an exercising device which
includes a user manipulated force-resisting mechanism or
element.
Subclass:
379.06
Including a rotary element with a braking means (e.g.,
friction brake):
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.01. Subject
matter wherein the exerted force drives a rotatable member
and a brake is used to resist rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, appropriate subclass for a brake, per se.
Subclass:
379.07
Pedal driven (e.g., cycle ergometer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.06. Subject
matter wherein the rotatable member is driven by a pedal to
which the exerted force is applied.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
482, Exercise Devices, 57 for a bicycle-type exercising
device.
Subclass:
379.08
Using a resilient force-resister:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.01. Subject
matter wherein the exerted force is applied to a movable
component and an elastically deformable member is used to
restrict or retard movement thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.621 for measuring force by measuring elastic
deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
482, Exercise Devices, 92 for an exercising device which
includes a user manipulated force-resisting mechanism or
element.
Subclass:
379.09
Using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resister:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.01. Subject
matter wherein the exerted force is applied to a movable
component and a fluid is used to restrict or retard movement
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.581 for a force measuring device utilizing fluid
pressure.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for determining the force of gravity by direct
measurement or by comparison or by determining acceleration
caused by gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
434, Education and Demonstration 300, for apparatus for
demonstrating gravitational force but wherein no measurement
is taken.
Subclass:
383
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter
in the form of torsion balances wherein masses mounted upon a
beam transit a force to a wire supporting the beam to produce
a torque in said wire proportional to the gravitational
force. These are frequently called Eotvos type balances.
Subclass:
384
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Barometers, i.e., devices for determining atmospheric
pressure whether calibrated in units of barometric pressure
or altitude.
(1) Note. Altimeters (other than the barometric type) are
classified in other classes in accordance with the means
employed to make the distance measurement, see the notes
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for other pressure gauges, and see the notes thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments.
181, Acoustics, subclass 124, for mechanical sound echo
altimeters.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 99 for sound echo altimeters.
Subclass:
385
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Barometers in
which a mercury column is displaced by changes in atmospheric
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
747 for U-tube, liquid column pressure gauges.
Subclass:
386
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Barometers in
which the pressure responsive element is in the form of an
exhausted container having a wall or portion thereof movable
with pressure changes.
Subclass:
387
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Barometers
having means for adjusting the setting of the indicator.
(1) Note. These are frequently used on aircraft as
altimeters, the zero point being set for the actual pressure
existing at a landing field, without regard to altitude of
the air field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
740 for Bourbon type fluid pressure gauges having setting
features.
Subclass:
426
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for receiving bulk material for the purpose of
measurement of volume (e.g., measuring cups, measuring
spoons, and similar devices). The indication of the quantity
of material may consist only in the measure being full or
only a single mark or level indication may be provided.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
30, Cutlery, subclass 128, 141, 147, 149, 150, and 324 for
spoons.
222, Dispensing, and see the notes thereto for means for
discharging measured quantities from a supply and for
measuring vessels provided with claimed features which have
the disclosed function of performing a dispensing operation.
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 55
for scoops.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 99 for laboratory
apparatus.
An alternative electronic search of U.S. patents based upon a
modification of the European Patent Office Classification
(ECLA) System for certain subject matter in this subclass may
also be found in Class 422 Cross-Reference Art Collections
908 - 948. (There are no definitions associated with these
Cross-Reference Art Collections. The most available
disclosure as to the types of documents contained herein is
given in any notes associated with the titles.)
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 238 for shaping apparatus comprising a dough
divider including a shaping chamber and subclasses 276+ for
an ice cream scoop type of measuring and shaping means.
Subclass:
427
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Measuring
vessels provided with two or more calibrations or other means
to indicate the quantity of material in the measure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
215, Bottles and Jars, 365 for those having indicating
means.
222, Dispensing, 154 for those having means for permitting
inspection of the amount of material within the dispenser,
many having graduations.
Subclass:
428
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Measuring
vessels in which the indicating means is readily removable
from the container in which the material to be measured is
received.
Subclass:
429
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Measuring
vessels in which the vessel is provided with movable bottom
or other means to alter the size of the vessel to adapt it
when filled to measure material in units of volume depending
upon the amount of adjustment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 4.01 for sectional receptacles whose
capacity may be adjusted.
Subclass:
430
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter directed to the dampening of vibrations within
the mechanisms of instruments to effect a steady indication.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.12 for fluid or fluent material dampening of inertial
element in an acceleration measuring apparatus.
514.14 for vibration dampening in an inertial-type
acceleration measuring apparatus.
739 for Bourdon tube fluid pressure gauges with dampening
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, 297 for a dashpot or shock absorber of general
utility.
Subclass:
431
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Casing
structures for instruments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
201 for meter boxes.
273 for volume or rate of flow meter casings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, 27.1 support instruments in panels.
368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices, 276 for
clock and watch cases.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 208 for
housings or supports, per se, which are peculiarly adapted
for thermal measuring or testing instruments.
Subclass:
432.1
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
433
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices
including a weighing feature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses, for weighing
structure of general utility.
Subclass:
434
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Devices with
means to continuously supply or circulate fluid under test.
Subclass:
435
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Devices having
plural supports for the specimen whereby different
determinations are independently or successively made.
Subclass:
436
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Devices in
which the specimen holders are suspended vertically from a
common support.
Subclass:
437
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Devices
involving the immersion of a solid in a liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for plural supports one of which provides for submersion
of a solid in a liquid.
Subclass:
438
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices
operating on the principle of measurement of the hydrostatic
pressure of a fixed head of test material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for similar art where the density is constant and the
hydrostatic pressure is an index of liquid level.
Subclass:
439
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Devices having
a submerged tube from which escape gas bubbles, the
resistance to which is a measure of the specific gravity of
the submerging liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for similar devices for measuring liquid level.
Subclass:
440
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices
involving a plurality of floats of different densities for
seriatim response.
Subclass:
441
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices
including a chamber of barrel, usually transparent,
containing a free float, and hand manipulable means to draw
the test fluid into the chamber.
Subclass:
442
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Devices
including a thermometer subjected to the fluid under test for
use in correcting the float reading.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 156 for a float
supported thermometer, in general.
Subclass:
443
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Devices
including calculator mechanism or chart means for computing
corrected reading, for predicting freezing temperature of the
test liquid or amount of antifreeze required to protect to a
certain temperature.
Subclass:
444
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices
comprising a vertically reciprocable float, with or without
guides, the movement of which is uninhibited by spring,
weight beam, indicator actuation or other load.
(1) Note. In apparatus of this subclass the float usually
has a co-axial indicator stem or reference indicium which is
read relative to the surface of the liquid or other base
point or the position of the float as a whole may be visually
observed.
Subclass:
445
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Devices
wherein provision is made for the continuous supply or
circulation of test fluid to the float unit.
Subclass:
446
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Devices having
means to draw test fluid into a chamber containing the
float.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
441 for portable syringe type devices.
Subclass:
447
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Devices having
liquid level responsive means to indicate liquid level or to
adjust the hydrometer reading in accordance with varying
liquid level.
Subclass:
448
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Devices
comprising a float unit, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for a float for measurement of liquid level.
322.5 for float structure, per se.
Subclass:
449
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Devices
including thermometer or thermal compensation element carried
by the float.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for syringe type apparatus with thermometers.
Subclass:
450
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Devices
wherein the float includes means for attaching, carrying or
receiving the specimen under test.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 207, for a weigher employing
the lifting effect of a liquid on a displacing body.
Subclass:
451
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Devices wherein
a float operates or controls an indicator apart from the
float itself.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for a float responsive to liquid level operating a
separate indicator.
Subclass:
452
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Devices with
means to continuously supply or circulate fluid under test to
the float.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
434 and 445, for similar supply means on other types of
specific gravity testers.
Subclass:
453
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Devices having
electrical means associated with the float for indicating the
specific gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 33, for electrical
resistors with a float actuator.
Subclass:
454
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Devices
wherein the float is pivotally mounted.
Subclass:
455
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
relating to propellers, impellers, and fluid couplings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for a study of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic properties
of propellers and impellers.
Subclass:
456
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter
in which the object under study consists of a single
propeller blade.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.01 for analogous art pertaining to the determination of
the center of gravity and turning moments of bodies.
Subclass:
457
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
in which study of the rotor unbalance is made without
removing the device from its normally operative position.
Subclass:
458
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Subject matter
wherein the rotor unbalance is determined by imposing known
counterbalance effects thereon, neutralizing said rotor
unbalance.
Subclass:
459
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
combining successively static balancing (poising) and dynamic
(spinning) operations.
Subclass:
460
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
for determination of rotor unbalance by spinning the same and
studying its vibratory effects.
Subclass:
461
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
wherein the object is rotated to locate end points on the
rotor where the axis of rotation and the axis of gyration of
the rotor coincide.
Subclass:
462
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
comprising electrical sensing and indicating means.
Subclass:
463
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter
including a wattmeter.
Subclass:
464
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter
including a rotatable switch or commutator means energized by
vibration pick-up means.
Subclass:
465
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter
comprising a cathode ray oscilloscope.
Subclass:
466
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Subject matter
wherein there is included stroboscopic illuminating means.
Subclass:
467
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Subject matter
comprising a stroboscope for illuminating said indicator.
Subclass:
468
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
wherein rotor unbalance is determined by application of known
counterbalancing forces sufficient to neutralize the innate
unbalance of the rotor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
458 for similar unbalance determinations concerning rotors
in situ.
Subclass:
469
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter
including a test counterbalance weight of known value
adjustable radially of its axis of rotation.
Subclass:
470
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Subject matter
where a weight of known value is adjustable circumferentially
of the rotor under test.
Subclass:
471
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter
comprising special vibratable features of the support in
which the rotor is held while under test.
Subclass:
472
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter
wherein the mount supports the rotor with both ends of the
rotor free to wabble under unbalance.
Subclass:
473
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Subject matter
wherein means is provided for mounting the test rotor on a
horizontal axis.
Subclass:
474
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter
wherein there is means for mounting the rotor with one end of
the rotor free to gyrate under unbalance, thus permitting the
free end of the rotor to tilt universally. The axis of
rotation is usually vertical.
Subclass:
475
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter
wherein means is provided for mounting the test rotor on a
horizontal axis, while usually permitting vibration in a
single plane.
Subclass:
476
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Devices which
vibrate horizontally about a vertical fulcrum.
Subclass:
477
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Subject matter
wherein provision is made for mounting the test rotor to
vibrate substantially in a single plane, with both ends of
the rotor free to partake of vibration.
Subclass:
478
This subclass is indented under subclass 477. Subject matter
including selective end locks for restriction of vibration of
either end of the rotor as desired.
Subclass:
479
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Subject matter
wherein provision is made for permitting vibration thereof
vertically about a horizontal fulcrum.
Subclass:
480
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein the rotor is mounted with its spin axis horizontal
and any gravitational moment resulting from an unbalanced
distribution of mass causes the rotor to turn about its
normal rotational or spin axis.
Subclass:
481
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Subject matter
wherein the rotor mounting means are of the nature of ways,
tracks or parallel knife edges.
Subclass:
482
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter
wherein the rotor is mounted with its spin axis vertical and
any gravitational moment resulting from an unbalanced
distribution of mass causes the rotor to tilt about an axis
transverse to its rotational or spin axis.
(1) Note. Usually the rotor is supported by horizontally
spaced mounts, as knife edges, which restricts the direction
of tilt to a single plane.
Subclass:
483
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter
wherein the rotor is so freely supported that the
gravitational moment selects the axis about which the rotor
tilts.
Subclass:
484
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
including tapered or conical rotor centering means.
Subclass:
485
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
including expansible or contractible rotor centering means.
Subclass:
486
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
wherein the test rotor is pendently supported by a flexible
element, gimbals or equivalent suspension means.
Subclass:
487
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Tools and
adjuncts used in the determination of rotor unbalance and not
elsewhere classifiable.
Subclass:
488
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a process or an apparatus for
detecting or determining either (a) a time rate of change of
position of a body (speed or velocity) or (b) a change in the
time rate of change of speed or velocity of a body
(acceleration).
(1) Note. A process or an apparatus for determining or
measuring direction of motion not elsewhere classified is
found here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.37 for proving or calibrating a device which determines
speed, velocity, or acceleration.
121 for vehicle brake testing.
167 for testing of a projectile.
178 for a navigational instrument.
652 for apparatus for sensing vibrations by an inertial
element.
861 for means measuring rate of flow of a fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 231 and 232, for
straight-line-light ray sighting instruments involving speed;
subclasses 300+, for direction sensing and indicating
instruments which may involve speed, particularly subclasses
318+ wherein a gyroscope is utilized for controlling or
stabilizing purposes; and subclasses 391+ for pendulums which
may respond to and be calibrated in terms of acceleration.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 3 for a speed
controlled trip.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 435 and see
the search there noted for expansible chamber motors
involving speed control.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 37 for an indicator of
vehicle speed and direction; subclass 57 for a vehicle speed
limit indicator; subclass 74 for a speed limit alarm; and
subclasses 200+ for a speed limit indicator.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 319 for a speed regulator
particularly associated with an internal combustion engine,
and subclasses 364+ and 441 for a governor controlled charge
forming device.
137, Fluid Handling, 38 for flow control by response to
inertia of the system; and subclasses 47+ for a speed
responsive valve.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 151.1 and 154.3 for an
apparatus to cast metal in combination with a speed sensor.
180, Motor Vehicles, 170 for a motor vehicle having means
which is responsive to its speed for regulating the vehicle's
rate of travel.
188, Brakes, 180 for a speed responsive brake.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclass .02 for
automatic control of a motor and clutch by speed, and
subclass 103 for a speed responsive clutch.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 61.45 for an
inertia or tilt switch and subclass 80 for a centrifugal
switch.
246, Railway Switches and Signals, subclass 182 for a
railway speed control system.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
force, subclass 267 for a speed control particularly
associated with a drum of a cable hoist.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems, 121 for
speed responsive means particularly associated with a
fluid-pressure brake system.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 66 for running speed
control of plural electric motors; subclasses 90+ for
acceleration control of plural motors; subclasses 255+ for
diverse motor controls including speed control; and
subclasses 461+ for speed control and/or starting or
stopping.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, 29 for electric
generator speed control means.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 160 for electrical
speed measuring.
340, Communications: Electrical, 670 for an electrical
signal or alarm responsive to speed.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27 for velocity or
velocity and height measuring devices, and subclass 29 for
devices with a optical element or reticule which respond to
the relative velocity of a remote object.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 236 for an
electrical speed responsive system.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, 800 and 825+ for
single motor running-speed control systems with, and without
feedback, respectively.
417, Pumps, subclass 293 for a speed responsive device
particularly associated with a pump.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, 40 for speed
controlled rotary expansible chamber devices.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 304 for speed control.
Subclass:
489
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein the interaction of two measured variables is
recorded.
Subclass:
490
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means for registering distance traveled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
235, Registers, subclass 95 for an odometer, per se.
Subclass:
491
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means whereby indicia of the speed responsive
device hold a reading.
Subclass:
492
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Apparatus
wherein the reading retained is that of maximum
acceleration.
Subclass:
493
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus in
which a speed responsive device is installed in, or has means
mounting it on, an element of a disparate function device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128 and 129, for means for attaching a brake testing device
to a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 435 and see
the search there noted for expansible chamber motors with
speed governors.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 319 for a speed regulator
installed on an internal combustion engine.
180, Motor Vehicles, 170 as explained in the reference
thereto appearing in subclass 488 above.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for
Vehicle, 373 for a speed controlled brake installed on an
elevator.
248, Supports, 27.1 for instrument mounting means of more
general application.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, art collections 923+
for specific speed responsive feedback devices used with
electric motors.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), 44 for
control means responsive to the rotation speed of an
impeller.
464, Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts, particularly 52 for a flexible
torque transmitting shaft and housing with means to couple
said shaft and housing to an auxiliary housing.
Subclass:
494
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Apparatus
including a rotary element that is a functional part of both
a speed responsive device and a disparate function device the
speed of which is sensed.
Subclass:
495
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including indicators for different motion conditions, e.g.,
rate and direction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 37 for speed controlled,
vehicle motion and direction indicators.
Subclass:
496
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
having means to minimize unsteadiness of the indicia which
results from inertia, friction, elasticity, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.12 for fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial
element in an acceleration measuring apparatus.
514.14 for vibration dampening in an inertial-type
acceleration measuring apparatus.
739 for vibration control means for pressure gauge indicia
and subclass 430 for miscellaneous instrument dampening
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 125 for
means steadying the reading means of an electrical measuring
and testing instrument.
Subclass:
497
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Speed
sensitive device which includes means to compensate for
temperature change.
Subclass:
498
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means by which an indicating element can be set or
adjusted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
740 for a dial or frame zeroizing adjustment for a pressure
gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 198 for adjustment of a
mechanical temperature indicator.
Subclass:
499
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means for illuminating an indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 23 for a dial illumination.
Subclass:
500
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein a liquid surface actuates a speed condition reading
means or itself indicates the speed value.
Subclass:
501
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Apparatus
wherein the indicating surface is that of a confined
rotatable body of liquid.
Subclass:
502
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein pressure proportional to speed is communicated to a
measuring device through a pipe external of the device.
Subclass:
503
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein speed valve is determined by means combining time and
acceleration.
Subclass:
503.3
Gyroscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 503. Subject matter
wherein the means for determining speed by integrating time
and acceleration comprises a wheel or a disc mounted to spin
rapidly about an axis of spin and also free to rotate about
one or both of two axes perpendicular to each other and to
the axis of spin so that a rotation of one of the two
mutually perpendicular axes results from the application of
torque to the other when the wheel is spinning.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.02 for an angular velocity or acceleration measuring
means using a gyroscopic effect.
504.18, for speed and acceleration measuring means combined
with a gyroscope.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for a gyroscope, per se,
and especially subclass 5.43 for plural gyroscopes, per se,
subclasses 5.37+ for a gyroscope control, and subclass 5.6
for a gyroscope, per se, having a pick off.
Subclass:
504.01
Angular rate using wave or beam motion (e.g., Sagnac type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
including means producing a wave or a beam and wherein the
wave or beam is propagated about an axis of rotation and the
determination of the time rate of change in position of the
body is made by measuring a parameter (e.g., phase) of the
wave or beam.
(1) Note. The waves of this subclass includes acoustic,
electron, entropy, ionic, electromagnetic waves, or
microwaves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.28 for measuring acceleration of a body by modifying a
change in a characteristic of a surface acoustical wave in
accordance with a change in a property of an inertial mass
due to acceleration of the body.
570 for measuring or testing by vibration, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 459 for a ring
laser gyroscope.
Subclass:
504.02
Angular rate using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
wherein the determination of the time rate of change in
position of the body is made by (1) rotating or (2) linearly
moving an inertial element with respect to the body and
measuring reaction forces on the element produced by rotation
of the body about an axis of rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503.3 for a gyroscope for determining speed by integrating
time and acceleration.
504.17 for measuring angular rate by use of a fluid vortex
rate sensor.
504.18 for a speed, velocity, or acceleration measuring
means combined with gyroscopic means.
514.39 for magnetic angular rate measuring apparatus not
using a gyroscopic effect and wherein the magnetic means does
not produce an electric signal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 316, for gyromagnetic compass
and subclasses 318+ for gyroscopically controlled or
stabilized geometrical instrument.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for a gyroscope, per
se.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 79, for gyroscope actuated
aircraft control, subclass 165 for a gyroscopic attitude
control for a spacecraft.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 231.12 for photocell apparatus
comprising a gyroscopic light valve.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 648 for a gyroscope
used in platform stabilization.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 671 for an
electrical indicating system providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined angular velocity and
including a gyroscope and wherein no quantitative indication
of measurement is provided.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 459 for a ring
laser gyroscope.
Subclass:
504.03
Multisensor for both angular rate and linear acceleration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial element also has an intrinsic or
relational property which changes in response to acceleration
of the body along a straight line and which can be used to
measure the acceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for a mechanical speed or acceleration measuring
apparatus or method including means retaining a reading of
maximum acceleration.
510 for a separate motion sensor in a mechanical speed
measuring apparatus.
514.01 for an apparatus using an inertial element for
determining acceleration, per se.
652 for an apparatus sensing vibrations by use of an
inertial element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 28 for a mechanical indicator
means, per se, which provides a humanly perceptible signal in
response to acceleration and has no quantitative measuring
means.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 329
for an inertia operated mechanical energy coupling means for
a piezoelectric element or device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 162 for
electrical speed measuring means including an electrical
accelerometer which senses acceleration by means other than
an inertial element.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 669 for an
electrical indicator which provides a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined acceleration and
wherein no indication of a quantitative measurement is
provided.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclass for
the determination of acceleration by measuring visible
light.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for an
acceleration responsive capacitor.
Subclass:
504.04
Vibratory mass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.03. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member is caused to rapidly
reciprocate or oscillate about an axis of motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.12 for measuring the angular velocity, per se, of a body
by means of measuring gyroscopic or Coriolis effects on a
vibratory inertial mass.
514.15 for measuring acceleration by use of a vibratory
inertial member.
514.21 for measuring acceleration by utilizing a
pendulum-type inertia element combined with rebalance means.
514.29, for measuring acceleration by use of a vibrating
sensor.
514.36 for measuring acceleration by means of a
pendulum-type inertia element having no rebalance means.
570 for measuring or testing by vibration, per se.
Subclass:
504.05
Fluid or fluent inertial mass (e.g., electrons, ions,
plasma):
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises a liquid or a
gaseous body or a plurality of particles exhibiting fluent
characteristics.
(1) Note. Included here as a plurality of particles are
electrons, ions, plasma, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.03 for a fluid or fluent inertial mass having a property
which changes in response to an angular acceleration of a
body and which can be used to measure acceleration.
514.05 for a fluid or fluent inertial member whose property
changes in response to acceleration of a body and which
property change can be used to measure acceleration.
Subclass:
504.06
Fluid jet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.05. Subject
matter wherein the fluid inertial mass comprises a high
velocity liquid or gaseous stream emitted through a narrow
opening (e. g. nozzle).
Subclass:
504.07
Rotary:
Subject matter under 504.05 wherein the fluid inertial mass
is caused to spin about an axis.
Subclass:
504.08
Rotary gyroscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member is caused to spin about an
axis so as to comprise the spinning element of a gyroscope.
Subclass:
504.09
Gimbal support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.08. Subject
matter comprising a ring element which supports the inertial
member and permits the spin axis to precess about an axis
perpendicular to the spin axis in response to angular
rotation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
248, Supports, for a support, per se.
Subclass:
504.11
Flexible rotor or flexibly mounted rotor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.08. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises a rotor which
either (a) bends within its elastic limit or (b) is supported
by structure which bends within its elastic limit.
Subclass:
504.12
Vibratory mass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member is caused to rapidly
reciprocate or oscillate about an axis of motion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multisensor using a vibratory inertial mass for
determination of both angular rate and linear acceleration by
use of a gyroscopic or Coriolis effect.
514.15 for measuring acceleration by use of a vibratory
inertial element.
514.21 for measuring acceleration by use of a pendulum-type
inertia element wherein rebalance is recited.
514.29 for measuring acceleration by use of a vibratory
sensor and utilizing an inertial mass.
514.36 for measuring acceleration by use of a pendulum-type
inertia element wherein no rebalance is recited.
570 for testing by vibration, per se.
Subclass:
504.13
Hollow circular-shaped inertial element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.12. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises an object having
an annular-cross section.
Subclass:
504.14
Elongated element with spaced supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.12. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises an extended
member supported at at least two points along its extent by
means for bearing weight.
Subclass:
504.15
Cantilever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.12. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises an elongated
member having two ends and wherein only one of the ends is
fixed.
Subclass:
504.16
Tuning fork:
This subclass is indented under subclass 504.15. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises a pair of
cantilevered members which are connected to each other so as
to form a tuning-fork-shaped structure.
Subclass:
504.17
Angular rate using a fluid vortex rate sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
wherein the determination of the rate of change of position
of the body about an axis is made by measuring vortical
motion of a liquid or gaseous mass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.22 for determining a volume or rate of flow of a fluid
or fluent material by measuring vibration produced by an
interaction of the material with a vortex shredder.
Subclass:
504.18
With rotary gyroscope:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
including speed, velocity, or acceleration measuring combined
with a wheel or a disc mounted to spin rapidly about an axis
and also free to rotate about one or both of two axes
perpendicular to each other and to the axis of spin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
503.3 for determining speed or velocity by utilizing a
gyroscope integrating time and acceleration.
504.02 for measuring angular rate by use of a gyroscope.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 316 for a gyromagnetic compass,
subclasses 318+ for a gyroscopically controlled or stabilized
geometric instrument for indicating a direction of force
traversing natural media, and subclass 329 for a gyroscope
mounted lever indicator.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, 5 for a gyroscope, per se,
and especially subclass 5.43 for plural gyroscopes,
subclasses 5.37+ for a gyroscope control, and subclass 5.6
for a gyroscope with a pick off.
244, Aeronautics, subclass 79, for gyroscopically actuated
aircraft control, subclass 165 for a gyroscopic attitude
control for a spacecraft.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 231.12 for photocell apparatus
comprising a gyroscopic light valve and subclass 233 for
photocell circuit having a rotary light chopper-type light
valve.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 648 for a gyroscope
used in platform stabilization.
Subclass:
506
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means for producing a speed measurement from
successive impulses from the speed source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for vibration sensing apparatus.
Subclass:
507
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus for
comparing the speed of one device with that of another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.37 for means proving or calibrating a speed, velocity, or
acceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 68 for the relative
speed control of plural electric motors.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 161 for an
electrical device for measuring speed by comparison to a
reference.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 242 for
the synchronization of shafts by electrical means.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, 800 for single
motor running-speed control systems with feedback.
416, Fluid Reacting Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 35
for electrical control means comparing and reducing error
related to a preset datum.
Subclass:
508
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means whereby the movement normally imparted by the
speed responsive element is modified by a means responsive to
the failure of the drive for the speed responsive element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 52 for a speed controlled
valve responsive to governor drive failure.
Subclass:
509
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including a sensing device effected by a condition additional
to speed or rate of change of speed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 26 for a prime mover controlled speed
and another condition and subclasses 51+ for a valve
controlled by speed and another condition.
Subclass:
510
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
having more than one speed condition sensor or means
responding to more than one speed condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.03 for a multisensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 27 for a prime mover and
subclass 50 for a valve responsive to both speed change and
excess speed.
Subclass:
511
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Apparatus that
responds to both speed and rate of change of speed.
Subclass:
512
This subclass is indented under subclass 511. Apparatus
wherein the response of a speed sensor of the centrifugal
weight type is modified by the action of a distinct inertial
mass.
Subclass:
513
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
providing for manual operation in certain speed ranges or
substitution of manual for speed responsive operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
540 for centrifugal governors with adjusting means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 319, per se, for
an internal-combustion engine with selective manual or
automatic speed control.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 18 for a prime mover with
selective manual or automatic control and subclass 49 for a
valve with selective manual or automatic speed control.
Subclass:
514.01
Acceleration determination utilizing inertial element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Subject matter
comprising an inertial member having an intrinsic or
relational property which changes in response to a rate of
change of speed of a body and which can be used to measure
acceleration.
(1) Note. An inertial sensor responsive to a rate of change
in speed and not elsewhere classified is located here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for a speed, velocity, or acceleration measuring
apparatus or method including means retaining a reading of
maximum acceleration.
503.3 for determining velocity or speed by utilizing a
gyroscope for integrating acceleration and time.
504.03 for using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect on an
inertial element to determine both angular rate and linear
acceleration.
652 for an apparatus sensing vibrations by use of an
inertial member.
866.2 for a process or an apparatus for measuring a time
rate of change in a sensed condition not provided for
elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, 28 for a mechanical indicator,
per se, which provides a humanly perceptible signal in
response to acceleration and includes no quantitative
measuring means.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 329
for an inertia operated mechanical energy coupling means for
a piezoelectric element or device.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 162 for
electrical speed measuring means including an electrical
accelerometer which senses acceleration by means other than
an inertial elements.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 669 for an
electrical indicator or alarm providing a humanly perceptible
signal in response to a predetermined acceleration which
provides no indication of a quantitative measurement is
provided.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing for an apparatus or a
process for determining acceleration by measuring visible
light.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for an
acceleration responsive capacitor.
Subclass:
514.02
Angular acceleration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter wherein the relational or intrinsic property of the
inertial element changes in response to time rate of change
of direction, speed, or velocity of the body about an axis of
rotation.
Subclass:
514.03
Fluid or fluent inertial mass (e.g., electrons, ions,
plasma):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises a liquid or a
gaseous body or a plurality of particles exhibiting fluent
characteristics.
(1) Note. Included here as a plurality of particles are
electrons, ions, plasma, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.05 for the determination of angular rate of speed of a
body by measuring a gyroscopic or Coriolis effect on a fluid
or fluent inertial mass.
514.05 for utilizing an inertial element to determine linear
acceleration including a fluid or fluent material and in
particular subclass 514.09 for a fluid or fluent inertial
mass whose property changes in response to linear
acceleration of a body and can be used to measure
acceleration.
Subclass:
514.04
Inertial flywheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.02. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member whose property changes in
response to acceleration comprises a wheel or disk rotatively
mounted on a drive member and which is capable of angular
displacement with respect to the drive member in order to
measure angular acceleration of the drive member.
Subclass:
514.05
Fluid or fluent material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter including a liquid or a gaseous mass or a plurality of
particles exhibiting fluent characteristics.
Subclass:
514.06
Fluid or fluent material support of an inertial element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.05. Subject
matter wherein the fluid or fluent material bears the weight
of the inertial member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 12 and 100+ for fluid bearings, per
se.
Subclass:
514.07
Gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.06. Subject
matter wherein the fluid or fluent support comprises a
substance having a very low density and viscosity, a rather
low expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and
temperature, the ability to diffuse rapidly, and the
spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly
throughout a container.
Subclass:
514.08
Magnetic fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.06. Subject
matter wherein the fluid support comprises a liquid
suspension of magnetic particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 90.5
for a magnetic bearing, per se.
Subclass:
514.09
Fluid or fluent inertial mass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.05. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member comprises the liquid or
the gaseous mass or the plurality of particles exhibiting
fluent characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.05 for the determination of angular rate of speed of a
body by measuring a gyroscopic or Coriolis effect of the
angular rate of speed on a fluid or fluent inertial mass.
514.03 for an inertial member whose property changes in
response to an angular acceleration of a body and can be used
to measure acceleration.
Subclass:
514.11
Detection by fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.05. Subject
matter comprising sensing pressure of a fluid whose pressure
varies in response to the change in the property of the
inertial member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for other measuring means using pressurized fluid.
700 for a fluid pressure gage, per se.
Subclass:
514.12
Fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.05. Subject
matter wherein the fluid or fluent material tends to diminish
the movement of the inertial member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430 for miscellaneous instrument dampening means.
496 for vibration control or antistick means for a reading
structure of a speed or an acceleration measuring means.
514.14 for an acceleration determining device including a
specific type of non-fluid type dampening means.
522 for fluid-type dampening in a nonelectrical or a
nonmagnetic speed measuring device not combined with
acceleration measuring.
526 for other speed measuring apparatus comprising a
dampening means.
739 for dampening a mechanism in a pressure gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 574, for rotor
vibration dampening means of a more general application.
181, Acoustics, appropriate subclass, for dampening of
acoustic waves, per se.
188, Brakes, subclass 322.5 for a fluid damper, per se, and
subclasses 371+, 378+, and 381+ for a vibration damper, per
se.
248, Supports, 562 for a vibration dampening support.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 125 for
dampening means for a display of an apparatus for measuring
and testing electricity.
Subclass:
514.13
Gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.12. Subject
matter wherein the fluid dampener comprises a substance
having a very low density and viscosity, a rather low
expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and
temperature, the ability to diffuse rapidly, and the
spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly
throughout a container.
Subclass:
514.14
Specific type of dampener (e.g., eddy current dampener):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter of ... comprising specified means for diminishing the
movement of the inertial member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430 for miscellaneous instrument dampening means.
496 for vibration control or antistick means for a reading
structure of a speed or an acceleration measuring means.
514.12 for an acceleration determining device including
fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial member.
522 for fluid-type dampening in a nonelectrical or a
nonmagnetic speed measuring device.
526 for other speed measuring apparatus comprising a
dampening means.
739 for dampening a mechanism in a pressure gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 574 for rotor
vibration dampening means of a more general application.
181, Acoustics, appropriate subclasses, for dampening of
acoustic waves, per se.
188, Brakes, 378 for vibration damper, per se.
248, Supports, 562 for a vibration dampening support.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 125 for
dampening means for a display of an apparatus for measuring
and testing electricity.
Subclass:
514.15
Spinning or vibrating accelerometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
comprising either (a) means for rotating the inertial member
about a motion axis or (b) means for moving the inertial
member in a periodic manner along or about a motion axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multisensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration and including a
vibratory mass.
504.12 for measuring the angular velocity, per se, of a body
by means of measuring the gyroscopic or Coriolis effects on
a vibratory inertial mass.
514.21 for measuring acceleration by means of a pendulum
type inertia element wherein rebalance is recited.
514.29 for measuring acceleration by use of a vibrating
sensor.
514.36 for measuring acceleration by means of a
pendulum-type inertia element wherein no rebalance is
recited.
570 for testing by vibration, per se.
Subclass:
514.16
Specific type of electric sensor or specific type of magnetic
sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter comprising a specified sensing means whose electric or
magnetic characteristic changes in response to the change in
the property of the inertial member due to the acceleration
of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.39 for (a) magnetic speed measuring, per se, wherein the
magnetic means does not produce an electric signal or (b)
mechanical speed measuring means combined with ancillary
magnetic or electric means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e. g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), 414 for an acceleration responsive
device having a significant semiconductor potential barrier.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 50 for
methods of making an acceleration responsive semiconductor
device.
Subclass:
514.17
Rebalance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein (a) the electric or magnetic sensing means
produces an output signal in response to displacement of the
inertial member and (b) the output signal is used to restore
the inertial member to a null position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 648 for the
combination of a positional servo system using an inertial
measuring system for error detection and, in particular
subclass 651, for a positional servo system using an
acceleration measuring instrument for error detection.
Subclass:
514.18
Electrostatic restoring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.17. Subject
matter wherein the electrical output signal generates an
electrostatic force which returns the inertial member to the
null position.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 225 for an
electrostatic device, per se.
Subclass:
514.19
Radiant energy sensor (e.g., optical, charged, or radioactive
particle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.17. Subject
matter wherein the output signal of the sensing means changes
in response to detecting (a) light, (b) charged particles, or
(c) an alpha, beta, or gamma particles due to the change in a
property of the inertial member caused by an acceleration of
the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for an inertial-type vibration sensing means having a
light beam indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.14 for a condition responsive light
guide, subclasses 231.1+ for a light valve actuated by an
external dynamic physical quantity, and subclasses 336.1+ and
493.1+ for radioactive particle sensing, per se.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 335 for measuring
visible light to detect particle size and subclasses 337+ for
measuring and testing by particle light scattering.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for an analysis by measuring an X-ray or gamma ray,
per se.
Subclass:
514.21
Pendulum or beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.17. Subject
matter wherein the inertial member either (A) comprises or
(B) is supported by: either (a) an object suspended from a
fixed support so that it is free to swing back and forth or
(b) an elongated flexible member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multisensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration and including a
vibratory inertial body.
504.12 for measuring angular velocity using gyroscopic or
Coriolis effect on a vibratory inertial body.
514.15 for acceleration measuring by means of a vibratory
inertial mass.
514.29 for measuring acceleration by means of a vibrating
sensor.
514.36 for acceleration measuring by means of a
pendulum-type inertia element wherein no rebalance is
recited.
570 for a vibrator, per se, used in testing.
Subclass:
514.22
Including a bearing support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.21. Subject
matter comprising a bearing and wherein the pendulum is
mounted for pendulous motion by means of the bearing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, subclass 12 and 100+ for fluid bearings, per
se.
Subclass:
514.23
Including a flexure support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.21. Subject
matter comprising a pliable element which supports the
pendulum for pendulous motion.
Subclass:
514.24
Including an elastic support for an inertial element (e.g.,
spring):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.17. Subject
matter comprising an element which is capable of bearing
weight and which tends to return to an initial state or form
after deformation and wherein the inertial member is
supported by the element for bearing weight.
Subclass:
514.25
Charged particle or radioactive particle sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the characteristic of the sensing means
changes in response to detecting (a) a charged particle or
(b) alpha, beta, or gamma rays.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 306 for using charged particles for
inspecting a solid or liquid and subclasses 336.1+ and
subclasses 493.1+ for radioactive particle sensing, per se.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, appropriate
subclass for analysis by measuring characteristics of X-rays
or gamma rays.
Subclass:
514.26
Optical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the characteristic of the sensing means
changes in response to a light beam being modified in
accordance with the change in the property of the inertial
member due to the acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for an inertial-type vibration sensing means having a
light beam indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.14 for a condition responsive light
guide and subclasses 231.1+ for a light valve actuated by an
external dynamic physical quantity.
Subclass:
514.27
Frequency or phase shift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.26. Subject
matter wherein the modification of the light beam comprises a
frequency or phase shift.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
657 for an inertial-type vibration sensing means modifying a
light by a shift in frequency or phase to provide an
indication or a measurement.
Subclass:
514.28
Surface acoustical wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein a change in a characteristic of an acoustical
wave propagating along a surface is modified in accordance
with the change in the property of the inertial member due
the acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.01 for measuring angular rate by use of a surface wave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 313
for a surface acoustical wave device, per se.
Subclass:
514.29
Having a vibrating element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means includes an element whose
frequency of vibration is modified in response to the change
in the property of the inertial member due to acceleration of
the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multisensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration and including a
vibratory inertial member.
504.12 for measuring angular velocity using gyroscopic or
Coriolis effect on a vibratory inertial body.
514.15 for acceleration measuring by means of a vibratory
inertial mass.
514.21 for acceleration measuring by means of a
pendulum-type inertia element wherein rebalance is
specified.
514.36 for acceleration measuring by means of a
pendulum-type inertia element wherein no rebalance is
recited.
662 for a vibrator, per se, used in testing.
Subclass:
514.31
Inductive or magnetic sensor (e.g., Hall effect sensor):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises: (a) a magnetic
body which produces an electromotive force in a circuit or a
circuit element wherein the electromotive force is varied by
the change in the property of the inertial member due to an
acceleration of the body or (b) a body whose magnetic
characteristic changes in response to the change in the
property of the inertial member due to the acceleration of
the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, appropriate subclass for a magnet or an
electromagnet, per se.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 30 for an inductor device
having an acceleration responsive inductance adjusting
means.
Subclass:
514.32
Capacitive sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises spaced electrodes
whose capacitance varies by the change in the property of the
inertial member due to an acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems And Devices, 280 for an
acceleration responsive capacitor.
Subclass:
514.33
Resistive sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Apparatus
wherein the sensing means comprises an element whose
electrical resistance is varied by the change in the property
of the inertial member due to an acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for a strain-gage-type resistor
and subclasses 43+ for a gravity or inertia responsive
resistor.
Subclass:
514.34
Piezoelectric sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.16. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises a pressure
sensitive material which generates an electrical signal which
is varied by the change in the property of the inertial
member due to an acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for a
piezoelectric element or device, per se and especially
subclass 329 for an inertial responsive piezoelectric
device.
Subclass:
514.35
Electric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter comprising means generating an electrical signal which
is varied by the change in the property of the inertial
member due to an acceleration of the body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.39 for a magnetic speed measuring wherein the magnetic
means does not produce an electric signal or mechanical speed
measuring apparatus including ancillary magnetic means or
ancillary electric means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring And Testing, 160 for electrical
speed measuring including an electrical accelerometer other
than one sensing acceleration by means of an inertial
element.
Subclass:
514.36
Pendulum or beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Apparatus
wherein the inertial member either (A) comprises or (B) is
supported by: either (a) an object suspended from a fixed
support so that it is free to swing back and forth or (b) an
elongated flexible element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.04 for a multisensor for determination of angular rate
using gyroscopic or Coriolis effect combined with a
determination of linear acceleration and including a
vibratory inertial member.
504.12 for angular velocity measuring, per se, by means of a
gyroscopic or Coriolis effect on a vibratory inertial mass.
514.15 for measuring acceleration by means of a vibrating
inertial mass.
514.21 for measuring acceleration by means of a
pendulum-type inertia sensor wherein rebalance is recited.
514.29 for measuring acceleration by use of a vibrating
sensor.
570 for testing by vibration, per se.
Subclass:
514.37
Including a pivot support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.36. Apparatus
comprising a support which bears the weight of the pendulum
and permits it to swing.
Subclass:
514.38
Including an elastic support for an inertial element (e.g.,
spring):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.01. Subject
matter comprising an element which is capable of bearing
weight and which tends to return to an initial state or form
after deformation and wherein the inertial member is
supported by means of the element for bearing weight.
Subclass:
514.39
Magnetic speed measuring or mechanical speed measuring with
ancillary magnetic means or with ancillary electrical means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. A process or
an apparatus comprising: (a) a magnetic means used for
detecting the rate of change in position of the body or (b) a
mechanical speed measuring means responsive to the rate of
change in position of the body combined with magnetic means
or electrical means, wherein the magnetic means or the
electrical means is subordinate to the mechanical speed
measuring means.
(1) Note. The apparatus herein does not include magnetic
means for producing an electrical signal representative of
speed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
504.01 for measuring angular rate by using wave motion.
504.02 for measuring angular rate by gyroscopic or Coriolis
effect.
504.17 for measuring angular rate by means of a fluid vortex
rate sensor.
514.16 for an acceleration measuring apparatus which senses
acceleration by means of an inertial element and which has a
specific type of electric or magnetic sensor and, in
particular, subclass 514.31 for an acceleration measuring
apparatus which senses acceleration by means of an inertial
element that has a magnetic sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 160 for an
electrical measuring speed device including an electrical
accelerometer other than one which senses acceleration by
means of an inertial element, in particular, subclasses 173+
for purely electric speed measuring using a magnetic sensor
and subclass 207.25 for magnetically measuring rotary
displacement.
340, Communications: Electrical, 671 for an electrical
indicating system providing a humanly perceptible electrical
signal in response to a predetermined angular velocity
wherein no indication of quantitative measurement is
provided.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27 for determining speed
by measuring a characteristic of visible light.
Subclass:
519.01
Eddy current drag means (e. g., drag cup):
This subclass is indented under subclass 514.39. Subject
matter wherein the magnetic means comprises a permanent
magnet and a drag element and wherein (a) a magnetic coupling
exists between the permanent magnet and the drag element and
(b) due to the magnetic coupling, movement of the permanent
magnet causes motion of the drag element.
Subclass:
520.01
With a flux adjusting means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 519.01. Subject
matter combined with means for varying the magnetic coupling
between the drag element and the permanent magnet.
Subclass:
521
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus in
which a fluid is used.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
60, Power Plants, 325 for a device in which a hydraulic
actuator is supplied by fluid directly by the operation of a
pump or its equivalent.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 435 and see
the search there noted for expansible chamber motors having
speed responsive control.
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 378 for a speed controller
of the pneumatic type for an internal-combustion engine.
137, Fluid Handling, subclass 34 and 36 for a prime mover
speed controller using fluid pressure; and subclass 58 for a
valve controlled by a speed actuated servo-motor.
Subclass:
522
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Apparatus
wherein fluid serves to suppress vibration or dampen
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.12 for fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial
element in an inertial-type acceleration measuring
apparatus.
514.14 for vibration dampening in an inertial-type
acceleration measuring apparatus.
Subclass:
523
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Apparatus
including a fluid container comprising one or more walls
which are movable with respect to others to vary the volume
of the container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
502 for devices in which the expansible chamber is part of
an externally connected gauge.
Subclass:
524
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Apparatus
wherein an output member is moved against bias by the impact
or drag of a fluid.
Subclass:
525
This subclass is indented under subclass 521. Apparatus
wherein response is to the force required to drive a speeding
element through fluid.
Subclass:
526
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
having means to dampen the mechanism or protect it from
shock.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
496 for dampening means acting directly upon the reading
structure.
514.12 for fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial
element in an acceleration measuring apparatus.
514.14 for vibration dampening in an inertial-type
acceleration measuring apparatus.
522 for dampening means using fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 574, for rotor
vibration dampening means of more general application.
Subclass:
527
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
including means for transmitting a speed signal to the speed
measuring device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
493 for structurally installed speed responsive devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 12 for
speedometer drive means, per se.
Subclass:
528
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus
including means for selecting one of several available ratios
between the speed of the source and of the responsive
device.
Subclass:
529
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus
including means for frictionally engaging a speed source.
Subclass:
530
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus with
immediately associated means for transmitting motion from the
sensing means such as two or more relatively moving links or
gearing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
493 for a structurally installed speed responsive device.
Subclass:
531
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Apparatus
including means by which the transmitting means can be
adjusted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
498 for adjustment means for indicator reading structure.
Subclass:
532
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Apparatus
wherein the mechanism includes gearing.
Subclass:
533
This subclass is indented under subclass 532. Apparatus in
which the gearing includes a rectilinear rack.
Subclass:
534
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Apparatus
wherein the mechanism includes a surface and follower.
Subclass:
535
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Apparatus
wherein the speed responsive means comprises a rotating or
revolving weight or weights, the position assumed by such
weight or weights due to centrifugal force varying as a
function of the speed at which they are rotated or revolved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, 364, for a speed regulator
of the centrifugal type particularly associated with an
internal-combustion engine.
137, Fluid Handling, 33 for prime mover motive fluid control
by a centrifugal governor and subclasses 53+ for valve
control by a centrifugal governor.
180, Motor Vehicles, 172 for a motor vehicle having means
which is responsive to its speed for regulating the vehicle's
rate of travel, and wherein the means includes a device which
is responsive to centrifugal force.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 80
for a centrifugally actuated switch.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 462 for
automatic starting or stopping of an electric motor by a
centrifugal device.
322, Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 30 for
a centrifugal governor particularly associated with an
electrical generator driving means.
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, art collections 924+
for centrifugal speed responsive feedback devices used with
electric motors.
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 50,
51 and 52+ for a centrifugal weight governor operative
responsive to impeller rotation.
Subclass:
536
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
wherein the effective pivot arm length of a governor weight
pivotally mounted on a rotating support has different values
at different speeds.
Subclass:
537
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus with
means by which different biasing action is obtained at
different speeds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, subclass 366 for a
speed responsive device controlling an expansible chamber
motor that varies the bias of the device.
Subclass:
538
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Apparatus with
a snap action effect.
Subclass:
539
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
wherein means is provided with which the centrifugal weight
or its supporting structure comes into contact to arrest the
radial motion of the weight, the means being in the nature of
an abutment or stop.
Subclass:
540
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
having elements provided for adjusting or varying the
response of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
513 for a speed responsive device combined with a manual
speed control arrangement.
528 for adjustment means for the drive of the speed sensor.
531 for adjustment means for the output mechanism of the
speed sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 319, per se, for a
speed controlled internal-combustion engine with manual
control or adjustment structure.
Subclass:
541
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
wherein there are two adjusting means having different
functions or means that effects more than one type of
adjustment of the device.
Subclass:
542
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
wherein the adjustment is of the effect of a biasing weight.
Subclass:
543
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
comprising a lever or gear device.
Subclass:
544
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
wherein an adjusting means and a bias spring are both
concentric to the axis of rotation of the centrifugal
device.
Subclass:
545
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Apparatus
wherein a screw means adjusts the loading of a spring
connected between two weights on opposite sides of the axis
of rotation.
Subclass:
546
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
wherein a leaf spring supports or biases the centrifugal
weight.
Subclass:
547
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
wherein the revolving weight acts at the junction of two
pivotally joined bars.
Subclass:
548
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
wherein the centrifugal mass is radially displaced for
operation of an external device by contact.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 3 for a speed
controlled trip.
Subclass:
549
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
comprising rigidly connected body portions statically
balanced about the axis of rotation, but inclined thereto, so
that the extremities revolve in different planes, which
approach each other under the action of centrifugal force.
Subclass:
550
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
relating to a pivoted weight-lever assembly so arranged that
radial movement of the weight causes axial output movement.
Subclass:
551
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Apparatus
including a surface and follower as a part of the centrifugal
speed sensing device.
Subclass:
570
VIBRATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for (1) testing an article or mechanism by
subjecting it to vibratory forces for determining qualities,
characteristics or conditions thereof, or (2) sensing, study
or analysis of vibrations otherwise generated in or existing
in the article or mechanism.
(1) Note. The "article or mechanism" will be hereinafter
referred to as a "body" or "test body".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.43 for proving or calibrating a chronometer or watch
unbalance.
1.82 for proving or calibrating an apparatus by use of
vibration or by measuring vibration.
11.08 and 11.09, for testing an automobile shock absorber by
oscillation.
12.01 for delivering a test impact to a body under study,
although the result is to be listened to.
12.12 for impact testing using oscillation.
35.01 for determining engine knock or detonation by
measuring abnormal vibration.
66 for determining the unbalance of rotors by the vibratory
thrusts effects thereof.
152.15 for determining the characteristic of a borehole by
logging the results of measuring the effect of a borehole, a
well casing, or a drill rigging on vibration combined with
radioactivity measuring.
152.16 for determining the characteristic of a borehole by
logging the results of measuring the effect of a borehole, a
well casing, or a drill rigging on vibration.
152.32 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration.
152.47 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring vibration while
an instrument is within a borehole while a drilling operation
is taking place.
152.58 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring vibration while
an instrument is within a borehole.
861 for employment of vibration transmission in measuring
fluid flow.
Subclass:
570.5
Acoustic levitation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
comprising a process or an apparatus for supporting an object
in a fluid by means of acoustic waves.
(1) Note. The acoustic levitation process or apparatus found
here includes measuring detail.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 for acoustic levitation devices,
per se, with no measuring detail.
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclass, for
using fluid current to move solids from one position to
another.
Subclass:
571
Test chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
which provides specialized housing in which a test body is
located for the application thereto of vibratory forces for
making desired determinations, or for the sensing, study, or
analysis of vibrations otherwise generated in, or existing
in, the test body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
586 for determination of sonic wave characteristics in an
enclosed room or space.
Subclass:
572
Loose object detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for detecting loose particles or
parts.
Subclass:
573
Hardness or compliance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the test body is subjected to means, e.g., a
resonating probe or by indirect oscillations, for deriving a
measure of hardness or flexibility thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 414 for such devices used as
chemical sensors, pressure sensors, etc.
Subclass:
574
Mechanical impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
for determining the mechanical impedance of the body to
vibration, as by the damping action of the body, the ratio of
energy input to amplitude, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass may include a device used in making
the determination which has one or more rotatable, unbalanced
masses for creating vibration in the device and thus in the
body to be tested.
Subclass:
575
Of an elastomer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein the test body is made of an elastic material such as
rubber.
Subclass:
576
Device having an electromagnetic drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter
wherein the body or body supporting unit is vibrated by
direct application of electromagnetic action thereto.
Subclass:
577
Fatigue study:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the body is subjected to prolonged or repeated
vibration while sensing, measuring, or recording its change
of condition, as by change in its temperature, amplitude, or
resonance, energy input required to maintain vibration or
timing or registering duration to failure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
808 for repeated stressing (e.g., flexing) of bodies to
determine fatigue characteristics thereof.
Subclass:
578
Electromagnetic drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 577. Subject matter
wherein the body or body supporting unit is vibrated by
direct application of electromagnetic action thereto.
Subclass:
579
Resonance, frequency, or amplitude study:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the body is caused to vibrate at its natural
mechanical resonance and measurement of frequency and/or
amplitude at resonance is made; a study of amplitude response
over a frequency range is made; nodal points, wave lengths,
and standing wave characteristics are measured under
predetermined vibration conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
658 for electrical indicating means for sonic sensing
apparatus.
Subclass:
580
Including weight determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein a device is utilized for determining the mass or the
weight of a body or of a unit length of a body.
Subclass:
581
Including axial force determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein a device is utilized for measuring the axial force
exerted on a body, e.g., a bolt, wire.
Subclass:
582
Including structural bond evaluation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for testing for structural defects
in a bond, e.g., separation of rubber tire laminations,
metallic or nonmetallic type welds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
588 for other structural bond evaluation.
Subclass:
583
Of aircraft or related structural element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 579. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for detecting and analyzing
vibrations in aircraft structural members, e.g., wing
flutter, propeller.
Subclass:
584
By mechanical waves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein (1) the vibratory forces applied or (2) the
vibrations sensed are in the form of mechanical, sonic-type
waves and the frequency of the waves and the frequency of the
waves is either in the sonic or ultrasonic frequency range.
(1) Note. The waves involve uniform motion of a part of a
larger body, rather than motion of the whole body, in the
form of particles of the body during travel of the waves in
the body.
(2) Note. The sonic waves include longitudinal or
compressional, shear, Raleigh waves, etc.
(3) Note. For the purposes of this section, the body being
tested may include a fluid body such as air or water.
(4) Note. This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder
provide for measuring and testing, employing mechanical,
sonic-type waves except as specifically provided for
elsewhere. See the search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.43 for proving or calibrating a chronometer or watch
unbalance.
1.82 for proving or calibrating an apparatus by use of
vibration or by measuring vibration.
12.01 for delivering a test impact to a body under study
although the result is to be listened to.
19 for determining the gas content of materials.
24 for gas analysis by sonic means.
32 for determining specific gravity or density by sonic
means.
35.09 for determining engine knock or detonation by
measuring abnormal vibration.
40.5 for detecting leakage by listening devices.
61.41 for determining the content or effect of the
constituent of a liquid mixture, as concentration of
particles in the liquid, by sonic means.
170.29 for meteorology and oceanology.
290 for liquid level determination by sonic means.
339 for measurement of temperature by sonic means.
432 for measurement of particle size by sonic means.
645 for measuring an acoustic parameter.
659 for sensing apparatus with electrically controlled
indicator for spectrum analysis.
861 for measurement of fluid flow rate by sonic means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 647 and 660+ for medical diagnostic
methods and apparatus utilizing ultrasonic mechanical wave
energy.
181, Acoustics, 101 for geophysical or subsurface
exploration involving mechanically transmitting or receiving
sound waves, subclass 123 for mechanical sound echo systems
in general and subclass 125 for mechanical sound location
means.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 87, subclasses 7+ for producing images of
the body subclasses 118+, for electrical systems using
compressional waves to determine distance or direction and
subclasses 14+, for electrical systems using compressional
waves to investigate geologic or subsurface structure.
Subclass:
585
Including ear or hearing testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein the sonic waves are used to measure the auditory
response of a person.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 746 for methods and apparatus for
diagnosing a condition of the ear.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 117 for temperature.
Subclass:
586
Reverberation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein sonic characteristics of the sonic waves in an
enclosed room or space are determined.
(1) Note. Included herein are means for producing a sonic
wave in a room and measuring the sonic decay characteristics
of the room.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
571 for special test chambers.
Subclass:
587
Acoustic emission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
for sensing mechanical sonic-type waves emitted by flaws and
other anomalies which generally occur in the test body in the
early stages of the flaw or other anomaly.
(1) Note. An acoustic emission is a generally inaudible
noise caused by minute changes in a material or object due to
stresses imposed thereon. Thus, when a material undergoes a
permanent deformation, it will generate a sound which may be
monitored by ultrasensitive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
801 for similar subject matter in combination with means for
applying stress to the test object to induce strain and
accompanying acoustic emission.
Subclass:
588
Structural bond evaluation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein mechanical waves are utilized for testing for
structural defects in a bond, e.g., separation of rubber tire
laminations, metallic or nonmetallic-type welds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
582 for other structural bond evaluation.
Subclass:
589
Acoustical impedance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
for determining the acoustical impedance of the body to
vibration, as by the ratio of sound pressure to the volume
velocity, the ratio of sound pressure to particle velocity,
etc.
Subclass:
590
In detection of a liquid reaction, a chemical reaction, or a
nuclear reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein a determination is made of the quality,
characteristic, or condition of a reaction which involves
chemicals, nuclear materials, or other types of reactions,
e.g., liquid cavitation in a boiler, detonation in an engine
cylinder, etc., which are imminent or presently occurring.
(1) Note. The reaction, whether desired or undesired, will
manifest itself in the form of sonic vibrations from which
the determination is made.
(2) Note. The reaction may be or may not be taking place in
an appropriate chamber or container.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
592 for detection of fluid, fluid leak, or pipe flaw.
Subclass:
591
Listening or sound tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein a device for detecting the mechanical waves utilized
a tube through which one may listen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for sensing or detecting apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 131 for stethoscopes, per se.
Subclass:
592
Fluid, fluid leak, or pipe flaw detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein determination is made of the location of a fluid leak
in a fluid container, e.g., a flaw in a water pipe, or of the
location of a fluid, e.g., underground water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40.5 for acoustic detectors for locating fluid leakage, the
fluid being pressurized
590 for detection of liquid, chemical or nuclear reactions.
Subclass:
593
Bearing, gear, or related moving mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein the test body is a bearing, a bearing assembly, a
gear, a gear assembly, or other parts related to a machine
which includes moving parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
660 for sensing or recording apparatus of rotating machinery
and devices.
Subclass:
594
Soil or building structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for determining the soundness of
soil or building or support structure.
Subclass:
595
Frangible:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein means are provided for the detecting of flaws, such
as cracks, in articles which may be subject to easy
breakage.
Subclass:
596
Beamed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
wherein (1) the sonic waves are in the form of beamed or
directed waves or (2) the beamed waves sensed emanate from
within or reflect from the surface of the body.
(1) Note. While the production of a beamed wave is not
limited to the ultrasonic range, frequencies are generally in
the ultrasonic range above 25 kHz as in the detection of
typically sized discontinuities or flaws. The beam pattern is
a function of the ratio of wavelength employed to the
distance across the face of the transducer.
(2) Note. Where some means is provided for confining the
wave, as a duct, the wave is considered to be a directed wave
for the purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 660.01 for devices employing beamed,
mechanical waves having means particularly adapted for usage
on a living body to aid in the diagnosis of diseased or
abnormal conditions of the body.
181, Acoustics, 101 for geophysical or subsurface
exploration involving mechanically transmitting or receiving
sound waves, subclass 123 for mechanical sound echo systems
in general, and subclass 125 for mechanical sound location
means.
348, Television, subclass 163 for only receiving sonic or
ultrasonic energy and producing an image of a scene or object
that is representative of the image that would be produced by
visible light.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, subclass 87, subclasses 7+ for producing images of
the body, subclasses 118+ for electrical systems using
compressional waves to determine distance or direction, and,
subclasses 7 and 15.5 for electrical systems using
compressional waves to investigate geological or subsurface
structure.
Subclass:
597
Velocity or propagation time measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein velocity or propagation or transit time of sonic
waves in the test body is measured to determine a physical
characteristic such as density, Young's modulus, shear
modulus, stress, microstructure, etc.
Subclass:
598
For flaw or discontinuity detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 597. Subject matter
wherein the velocity or propagation time indicates the
presence of a flaw or discontinuity.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this subclass may be
distinguished from subclass 597 only on the basis of
function, i.e., determination of the presence of a flaw or
discontinuity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
596 for flaw or discontinuity location or thickness
measurement by pulse echo timing, imaging, etc., except this
subclass and subclass 600.
Subclass:
599
Attenuation measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
for measuring the attenuation of energy transmitted through
the test body or the energy reflected from the surface of the
body.
(1) Note. The measurement indicates microstructure, paper
pulp composition, surface reflection characteristics, etc.
Subclass:
600
For flaw or discontinuity detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 599. Subject matter
wherein the attenuation indicates the presence of a flaw or
discontinuity.
(1) Note. The subject matter in this subclass may be
distinguished from subclass 599 only on the basis of
function, i.e., determination of the presence of a flaw or
discontinuity.
(2) Note. Flaw or discontinuity location by pulse echo,
imaging, flaw size, etc., is in appropriate subclasses
indented under subclass 596 other than this subclass and
subclass 598.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
596 for flaw or discontinuity location by pulse echo,
imaging, flaw size, etc., except this subclass and subclass
598.
Subclass:
601
Having plural, diverse forms of radiant energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein plural forms of radiation, as ultrasonic, magnetic,
X-ray, etc., are employed to test the body.
Subclass:
602
With signal analyzing or mathematical processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein electrical or electronic means are provided for
spectrum analysis or to mathematically process electrical
signals corresponding to the sonic waves, to determine flaw
size, shape, orientation, to improve resolution, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include subject
matter under subclass 596 wherein simple mathematical
operations are performed, such as combining of signals,
comparing signals, doubling signals, forming a ratio, etc.
This subclass includes oscilloscope frequency versus
amplitude display, Fourier transformation of the signal for
spectrum analysis, mathematical convolution involving the
Laplace transformation of the signal for signal compression,
filtering for spectrum analysis, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass will include only mathematical
processing or calculating if combined with significant
measuring or testing of the type provided in subclasses 596+.
Nominal measuring or testing combined with significant data
processing or calculating computers is in Class 364.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 506, for measuring or testing, subclass 507, for
flaw or defect, subclass 508, for stress, strain, or
vibration, subclass 550 for measuring, testing, or
monitoring.
Subclass:
603
Acoustic holography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein the test or measurement involves acoustic holography
employing sonic (i.e., acoustic) waves from the test body in
formation of the hologram.
(1) Note. Included herein are imaging of an interior portion
of the body as a flaw or discontinuity, determining surface
defects or surface quality, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
1 for producing images of bodies by optical holography and
subclass 901 for a cross reference art collection relating to
acoustic holography.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 7, for producing images of underwater and
underground bodies, respectively, by acoustic holography.
Subclass:
604
Having means substituted for reference signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Subject matter
wherein the hologram is formed without an electronic or
acoustic reference signal as by temporal reference, optical
heterodyne, or optical homodyne techniques.
Subclass:
605
Liquid or deformable surface holography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Subject matter
wherein the hologram is formed on a liquid or deformable
surface.
Subclass:
606
Imaging of discontinuity with stationary sonic transmitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein a test body or area portion thereof is subjected to a
beam of waves from a nonscanned transmitter for producing an
image of a discontinuity within the body covered by the
beam.
(1) Note. This subclass includes such imaging wherein the
receiver is a liquid-containing cell having particles
oriented by the action of the sonic waves, a sonic deformable
liquid surface, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 7 for similar electrical sound echo systems for
producing external images of the body as opposed to imaging
internal structure, as a discontinuity, of the body.
Subclass:
607
By scan of a sonic receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter
wherein the beam from the test body is scanned by a sonic
receiver, and the receiver is typically a transducer mosaic,
the elements thereof being sequentially connected to image
display means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
626 wherein plural receivers or elements of a receiver are
sequentially operated to respond to a scanned transmitted
beam.
Subclass:
608
By Bragg diffraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 606. Subject matter
wherein the image is obtained by Bragg diffraction.
Subclass:
609
Measuring or testing system having threshold, gating, delay,
or blocking means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
having a threshold circuit, a gating circuit, delay means or
blocking means to eliminate undesired signals form measuring
or indicating means.
(1) Note. A delay means may be part of the gating means or a
mechanical delay line between a sonic transmitter or receiver
and a test body.
(2) Note. The blocking means includes an acoustic curtain
between adjacent sonic transmitter and receiver means or a
masking means to block off portions of an indication on a
cathode-ray tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
618 for plural gates for effecting scanning.
Subclass:
610
Electronic gating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
wherein electronic gating means controls the received signal
portion which is to be indicated.
Subclass:
611
Adjustably responsive to information signal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein the gating means is adjusted or controlled in
accordance with an electrical information signal, as a signal
corresponding to an echo signal from the test body, a signal
corresponding to movement of the sonic transmitter or
receiver, etc.
Subclass:
612
Plural gating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of gating means are provided for
selecting signals from different depths of the test body or
for selecting signals from a selected depth for a plurality
of receivers.
Subclass:
613
Of noise:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein noise signals, which are generally random signals
extraneous to the testing signals, are eliminated.
Subclass:
614
Of signals to pass only echoes from within test body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein only echoes from within the test body are passed to
indicating or measuring circuitry.
Subclass:
615
Of signals to pass only echoes from front surface or flaw and
from rear surface of test body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein only echoes from the front surface or flaw and from
the rear surface of the test body are passed to indicating or
measuring circuitry.
Subclass:
616
Of signals to pass only echoes from rear surface of test
body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 610. Subject matter
wherein only echo signals from the rear surface of the test
body are passed to indicating or measuring circuitry.
Subclass:
617
Having mechanical delay or mechanical blocking:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
wherein the undesired signals or indication thereof are
eliminated or blocked by mechanical means, as a solid delay
line or masking means on a cathode-ray tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
644 for transducer-to-object coupling means which may serve
as a mechanical delay line.
Subclass:
618
Measuring or testing system having scanning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein a sonic wave transmitter means is scanned relative to
the test body, and the receiver is a separate and stationary
transducer or the receiver is scanned relative to the test
body and is the same as or a separate transducer from, the
transmitting transducer and measuring or indicating circuitry
is provided with or without the final display or indicating
means.
(1) Note. The scanning may be effected by switched plural
transmitters or receivers.
(2) Note. Scanning of the sonic receiver over an areal
portion of the test body covered by the transmitted beam of a
nonscanned sonic transmitter is in this class, subclass 607.
(3) Note. The scanning must be more than nominal, be
particularly adapted for scanning purposes or be a
requirement for operation of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
633 for sonic wave transmitter or receiver means, per se,
having means for effecting or providing for scanning of the
transmitter or receiver relative to the test body.
Subclass:
619
Programmed scan:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the scanning is automatically controlled in
accordance with a previously recorded program.
Subclass:
620
By reflected wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the wave transmitted to the test body is reflected
from a surface within the test body and is received.
Subclass:
621
Having compound scan:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein the scan comprises a compound or combined motion of
transmitting and receiving transducer means comprising a
movement of the transducer in transducer supporting means and
a movement of the transducer support, at least one of the
movements being angular and wherein display means is
coordinated with the combined movements of the transducer.
Subclass:
622
Of tubing, vessel, or cylindrical object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein the scan is of a tubing, vessel, or cylindrical
object.
Subclass:
623
Scan from within object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 622. Subject matter
wherein the scanning is within a pipe or cylindrical vessel.
Subclass:
624
Having separate sonic transmitter and receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein separate transducers are used for transmitting and
receiving.
Subclass:
625
Having plural sonic type transmitter or receiver
transducers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 620. Subject matter
wherein more than one transmitter or receiver transducer is
provided and wherein an additional transducer may serve
function other than providing echoes from a discontinuity,
such as a wave coupling test signal.
Subclass:
626
Switched:
This subclass is indented under subclass 625. Subject matter
wherein the plural transmitter or receivers are switched for
sequential operation.
(1) Note. The scanning may be due to the switching or the
scanning may be performed by relative movement of the
transducers and test body and the transducers are switched to
perform respective different functions.
(2) Note. A transducer wherein discrete portions are
rendered sequentially operative is deemed to constitute
plural, switched transducers for purposes of this
definition.
Subclass:
627
By reflected wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
wherein the wave energy is reflected from a reflecting
surface of the test body and received, and the measurement of
the reflected wave determines the location of flaws,
thickness, etc.
(1) Note. Detection of the presence or absence of a flaw by
measurement of the time of propagation or the attenuation of
the waves in the body is in this class, subclasses 598 and
600, respectively.
Subclass:
628
Having plural sonic type transmitters or receivers
transducers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Subject matter
wherein more than one transmitter or receiver is provided.
(1) Note. The additional transducer may function other than
to obtain information from the test body, as to improve
coupling by eliminating bubbles.
Subclass:
629
Having unitary sonic type transmitter-receiver transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 627. Subject matter
wherein a single transducer transmits the sonic wave and
receives the reflected echo.
Subclass:
630
Establishing resonance in a test body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein resonance frequency of the test body is measured.
Subclass:
631
Having automatic gain control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Subject matter
wherein automatic gain control of the received signal is
provided.
Subclass:
632
Sonic wave transmitter or receiver transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 596. Subject matter
directed to transducer means, particularly adapted for
inducing sonic waves into a test body or for receiving sonic
waves from the body for test purposes.
(1) Note. The coupling means may serve as a delay means.
(2) Note. A measuring combination under subclass 596
including coupling means producing a mechanical delay is in
subclass 617.
(3) Note. A measuring combination under subclass 596
including scanning is in subclasses 618+.
(4) Note. A method of inducing waves in a body or receiving
waves from a body is in this class, subclasses 632+, but a
method of testing under subclass 596 is classified in the
appropriate subclass preceding subclasses 632+.
(5) Note. This subclass and subclasses indented hereunder
include such noted transducer means with means for energizing
the transducer, scanning the transducer, positioning the
transducer, producing signals corresponding to transducer
scan position, focusing or shaping the waves, and coupling
the waves to the body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 334 for
piezoelectric devices.
Subclass:
633
Having transducer scanning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Subject matter
wherein means is provided for effecting scanning or relative
movement between transducer and test body or has some means
for facilitating such scanning.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
618 for the combination of a measuring or testing system
with scanning means.
644 for coupling means which may facilitate scanning.
Subclass:
634
Automatic transducer positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein the transducer is automatically positioned as to
distance from, or angle to, with respect to the test body
generally under control of an electrical or mechanical probe
which senses the position of the test body to produce a
signal to operate transducer positioning means.
(1) Note. The probe may sense the presence of the test body
at a testing station and the transducer is then brought into
contact with the test body.
Subclass:
635
Rolling contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein the relative movement involves rolling contact by
wheel means between the transducer or transducer support and
the test body.
Subclass:
636
On railroad rails:
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Subject matter
wherein the transducer is moved along a railroad rail.
Subclass:
637
Around cylindrical object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Subject matter
wherein relative movement of the transducer around a
cylindrical test body is provided.
(1) Note. Scanning around a cylindrical test body but
without rolling contact is also in this class, subclass 640.
Subclass:
638
Along cylindrical object:
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Subject matter
wherein relative movement of the transducer lengthwise of a
cylindrical body is provided.
Subclass:
639
Transducer forms wheel or is within a wheel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 635. Subject matter
wherein the transducer is shaped in the form of a wheel or is
mounted within a wheel but does not rotate with the wheel.
Subclass:
640
Scanning curved surface in direction of curvature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein the transducer scans over a curved surface in the
direction of the curvature.
(1) Note. Scanning around a cylindrical object employing
roller means engaging the test body is in this class,
subclass 637.
Subclass:
641
Plural sonic transmitters or receivers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 633. Subject matter
wherein plural sonic transmitters or receivers are scanned
relative to the test body.
(1) Note. A transducer wherein discrete portions are
rendered sequentially operative is deemed to constitute
plural transducers for the purposes of this definition.
Subclass:
642
Having wave shaping means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Subject matter
wherein means for modifying the shape of the beam is
provided, as a sonic wave lens or curved reflector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 175 for acoustic transducers combined with a
sound modifier.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 335
for acoustic wave type generator or receiver with lens or
reflector.
367, Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and
Devices, 140 for acoustic transducers combined with a lens
or reflector respectively.
Subclass:
643
Nonvibrating transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Subject matter
wherein the transducer means does not mechanically vibrate
but induces or receives mechanical vibrations, as by arc
discharge, laser beam, electromagnetic means, etc.
Subclass:
644
Having significant coupling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Subject matter
having significant means between the transducer and test body
of coupling the sonic waves to or from the test body, as a
circulated liquid couplant, wear shoe, heat resistive shoe,
delay block, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
617 for delay or blocking means in a measuring or testing
combination.
Subclass:
645
Acoustic parameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 584. Subject matter
for determining sonic characteristics of the sonic waves in a
medium.
(1) Note. Included herein are means for determining a
frequency characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
589 for determining acoustical impedance.
Subclass:
646
Amplitude, power, or intensity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 645. Subject matter
wherein the characteristics include power, amplitude,
intensity, energy, loudness or radiation pressure.
Subclass:
647
Current generating or modifying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Subject matter
including electrical means which gives or uses an electrical
signal which varies as a function of at least one of the
acoustical characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for subject matter comprising means for indicating or
recording mechanical vibrations or analysis thereof.
Subclass:
648
Frequency sensitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 647. Subject matter
wherein the current generating or modifying means produces a
variable frequency signal as a function of the power,
amplitude, etc., of the sonic waves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
645 for determining the frequency of sonic waves not
included in this subclass 648.
Subclass:
649
Sensing apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
comprising means for rendering perceptible, indicating, or
recording such vibrations or analysis thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
591 for sound tubes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 131 for stethoscopes.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 334 for
piezoelectric devices.
Subclass:
650
Torsional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
relating to the sensing or measurement of torsional
vibrations of a rotating member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for other apparatus for measuring torque by absorption.
136 for other apparatus for measuring torque during
transmission.
660 for other apparatus for sensing or measuring vibrations
of rotating parts.
Subclass:
651
Vibratable reed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
including one or more vibratable reeds as the sensing
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, subclass 454 for reeds used in tuning musical
instruments.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 76.49 for
a tuned mechanical resonator (e.g., reed piezocrystal).
Subclass:
652
With inertia element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
in which the sensing apparatus includes a heavy mass which
will remain relatively stationary.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.01 for an acceleration responsive device.
651 for a mass located on a vibratable reed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, subclass 7 for recording accelerometers.
Subclass:
653
With light beam indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter
wherein there is an indicator in the form of a light beam
movable over a scale on the interferometer principle, usually
over photofilm.
Subclass:
654
With electrically controlled indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 652. Subject matter
including an electrically controlled indicator.
Subclass:
655
With light beam indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
wherein a light beam is employed which is modified in
accordance with the vibrations in order to obtain an
indication or measurement.
(1) Note. Measurement of a modification in the direction or
intensity of the light beam is included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
653 for similar structure in combination with inertia type
sensing apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 445 for optical
measuring and testing involving interferometry.
Subclass:
656
By optical holography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 655. Subject matter
wherein indication or measurement involves the formation of
an optical hologram.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 457 for optical
measuring and testing involving interferometry.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
1 for formation of an optical hologram.
Subclass:
657
By frequency or phase shift:
This subclass is indented under subclass 655. Subject matter
wherein the modification of the light is in the form of a
frequency or phase shift which is indicated or measured.
Subclass:
658
With electrically controlled indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 649. Subject matter
wherein the means for indicating is electrical.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
654 for similar structure in combination with inertia type
sensing apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 683 for machine
vibration responsive alarms.
Subclass:
659
Spectrum analysis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. subject matter
relating to the analysis of vibrations by measuring the
amplitudes of the frequency components of the vibrations.
(1) Note. An example of a complete analysis would be the
sensing and measuring of airplane vibrations over a wide
range of engine speeds.
Subclass:
660
Rotating machinery or device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
relating to the sensing or measurement of the vibrations of a
rotating member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for other apparatus for measuring torque by absorption.
136 for other apparatus for measuring torque during
transmission.
593 for measuring vibrations by mechanical waves of a
bearing and other rotating parts.
650 for apparatus for measuring torsional vibrations of a
rotating member.
Subclass:
661
Having a probe:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Subject matter
wherein the sensing apparatus includes a probe which would
require physical contact with the object being sensed.
Subclass:
662
Vibrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
particularly adapted for producing and applying vibratory
forces for test purposes.
Subclass:
663
Table, platform, or other support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the vibrator includes a table, platform, or other
support of the body under test.
Subclass:
664
Circuitry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein various electrical circuits are designed for use with
the table or platform for adjustments or equalization of, for
example, noise frequencies which may occur in at least one of
plurality of vibrational dimensions.
Subclass:
665
Having fluid bearing or fluid pressure actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein the table or platform utilizes a fluid, e.g., an oil
film, between the table (or platform) and its support for
reducing bearing friction, and/or the table or platform is
vibrated by a fluid pressure means.
Subclass:
666
Having spring support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein the table or platform is supported by one or more
springs for aiding the vibrating thereof.
(1) Note. The spring may be an elastic material as well as a
metal material.
Subclass:
667
Eccentrically vibrated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein the table or platform is vibrated by an imbalanced
rotating mass or by a cam mechanism.
Subclass:
668
Electromagnetically vibrated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Subject matter
wherein the table or platform is vibrated by electromagnetic
means.
Subclass:
669
Vehicle shaker:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
for shaking of automotive vehicle for the purpose of testing
or detection of squeaks.
Subclass:
670
Treadmill:
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Subject matter
wherein at least one wheel of a vehicle furnishes rotating
power directly to at least one rotatable vehicle support,
e.g., a pulley, wheel, or belt, the support having means for
vibrating itself, and thus the vehicle, or the rotatable
vehicle support, is self-powered and thus vibrates the
vehicle accordingly.
(1) Note. Sometimes all of the vehicle wheels may be in
contact with rotating belts, and at other times the vehicle
wheels may be in contact with the vibrator support wheels.
Subclass:
671
Having a fluid jet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the vibrator is vibrated by a fluid jetted unevenly
or pulsed, e.g., into the vanes of a rotor, to cause an
imbalanced condition therein and thus vibration.
Subclass:
672
Having a rotatable imbalanced mass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the vibrator is vibrated by an imbalanced rotating
mass.
Subclass:
700
FLUID PRESSURE GAUGE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for the direct measurement of fluid
pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for testing apparatus and processes in which fluids under
pressure (positive or negative) are utilized to perform the
test, and with which a fluid pressure gauge may be used.
78 for devices for measuring hardness as an index of fluid
pressure (e.g., tonometers, subclass 80, and tire hardness
gauges, subclass 81).
115 for obtaining pressure derivatives within an engine
cylinder.
152.22 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging during drilling by measuring a
fluid flow or analyzing a fluid, either (a) by detecting or
(b) combined with measuring pressure.
152.27 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by sampling of a borehole
formation and measuring a fluid flow or analyzing a fluid,
either (a) by detecting pressure or (b) combined with
measuring pressure.
152.51 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a fluid flow or
analyzing a fluid either (a) by detecting or (b) combined
with measuring pressure.
299 for hydrostatic pressure type of liquid level or depth
gauge.
384 for barometers.
861.42 for pressure differential measuring devices for
determining volume or rate of flow.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 672 for blood pressure measuring devices.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 26 for such devices
combined with pressure compensators.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 154.8 and 155.3 for a metal
casting apparatus having pressure sensing means.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 81 for fluid
pressure-operated switches.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 201 for an expanding
fluid type thermometer.
Subclass:
701
Null balance type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein the signal response of a pressure transducer to the
pressure being measured is minimized or nullified by a
counteracting force or signal, the magnitude of which is
determined as an indication of the pressure.
Subclass:
702
Vibration type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein an element or body communicating with the pressure
being measured is subjected to vibratory forces and
determinations of frequency and/or amplitude characteristics
are taken as a measure of pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
570 for testing an article by means of vibratory forces,
e.g., measurements of frequency and/or amplitude at resonance
in subclass 67.2.
Subclass:
703
Ultrasonic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter
wherein the element or body is subjected to a directed beam
of mechanical wave energy which is sensed upon emanation from
within or reflection from the surface of the element or body
and transduced into perceptible indications of pressure.
Subclass:
704
Vibrating strip or wire:
This subclass is indented under subclass 702. Subject matter
wherein the element or body is in the form of a thin
elongated piece of material.
Subclass:
705
Photoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein the response of a transducer device due to applied
pressure being measured is determined by a photodetector and
light source which generate a signal indicative of such
pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 200 for photocells circuits and
apparatus.
338, Electrical Resistors, 15 for photoconductive devices
(e.g., light sensitive).
Subclass:
706
With protective separator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
that embody a material separator in a conduit connectable
with the fluid pressure source to be measured to prevent
foreign matter and corrosive material from reaching the
measuring mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means).
Subclass:
707
With fluid pulsation dampener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
having means to suppress pulsations of the fluid under
pressure to be gauged.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40, for flow restrictors,
per se.
Subclass:
708
With pressure and/or temperature compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
comprising means to countervail for the degree of hotness or
coldness or ambient-type pressure changes.
Subclass:
709
With excess or maximum registering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
which embody a mechanical-type device for recording the
highest or lowest pressure to which the device is subjected.
Subclass:
710
With steam trap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
which comprises means for holding liquid as converted into a
vapor to prevent line vapors from reaching certain parts of
the pressure measuring device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas
separation, per se (i.e., not combined with analysis means).
Subclass:
711
With variable drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
which comprises a mechanism whereby the sensitivity of
indication is changeable over two or more ranges of
indication, e.g., mechanism by means of which the indicator
has greater motion per unit of pressure change over one range
of pressure than over a second range.
Subclass:
712
With recorder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
with means to make a permanent chronological entry of the
fluid pressure measured.
Subclass:
713
With float:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein communicating liquid columns are subjected to
pressure and the difference in levels of the columns is
indicated with the aid of one or more devices that stays on
the surface of the liquid.
Subclass:
714
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
in combination significantly with other devices wherein only
so much of such other device is included as to provide for
the pressure measurement.
(1) Note. Where other devices are claimed further than as
indicated above and the pressure measuring instrument is
merely incidental to the combination, the patents are placed
with such devices and cross-referenced here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
146.2 for a pressure measuring instrument mounted on a
vehicle wheel or tire stem.
Subclass:
715
Diaphragm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
comprising a flexible wall or plate as the pressure
responsive element.
(1) Note. This subclass includes devices in which fluid
transmission means are provided to transmit changes in
pressure from the pressure sensitive element to the
indicator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 90 for a flexible wall type
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
716
Multiple and/or differential:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
having multiple unit flexible wall or plate devices subjected
to single or plural pressures and single flexible wall or
plate devices responsive to plural pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for multiple unit and/or differential Bourdon type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 112 for
differential temperature measurement.
Subclass:
717
With electrical readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 716. Subject matter
wherein the multiple unit devices and single devices generate
or modify an electric current and the value of such current
is indicative of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.5 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
723 for other devices with electrical readouts.
733 745 and 749, for Bourdon, piston or U-tube pressure
gauges with electrical readout.
753 for electric pressure gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311, for
piezoelectric devices, especially subclass 338.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 188, for a
thermometer with a mechanical sensor and an electrical
indicator.
Subclass:
718
Capacitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
wherein the devices effect a variation in capacitance to
modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
724 for other devices involving capacitance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280, for
capacitors automatically responsive or nonresponsive to
condition.
Subclass:
719
Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
wherein the device effect a variation in resistance to modify
the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
734 746 and 750, for diaphragm, Bourdon, piston or U-type
pressure gauges with resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 36 for fluid or gas pressure
actuated.
Subclass:
720
Strain gauge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 719. Subject matter
wherein the stress and/or strain in one or more elements
varies the resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
726 for diaphragm-type pressure gauges with strain gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for strain gauge type
fluid or gas pressure actuated.
Subclass:
721
Piezoresistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 720. Subject matter
wherein the element is made of a semiconductor material whose
resistance to the flow of electrical current is varied by the
application of pressure thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
727 for diaphragm-type gauges involving semiconductors.
754 for electrical-type pressure gauges involving
semiconductor devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for strain gauge type
fluid or gas pressure actuated.
Subclass:
722
Electromagnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 717. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the flexible walls or plates effect
a variation in inductance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
728 and 735, for diaphragm or Bourdon tube-type pressure
gauges with inductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 30 for inductor devices with
condition responsive inductance adjusting means (e.g., by
electromagnet).
Subclass:
723
With electrical readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the pressure being measured deflects the flexible
wall or plate to generate or modify an electric current and
the value of such current is indicative of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
336.5 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
717 733, 745, and 749, for multiple and/or differential
diaphragm, Bourdon, piston or U-tube with electrical
readout.
753 electric pressure gauge.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric devices, especially subclass 338.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 188 for a
thermometer with a mechanical sensor and an electrical
indicator.
Subclass:
724
Capacitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the flexible wall or plate effects
a variation in capacitance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
718 multiple and/or differential diaphragm pressure gauge
involving capacitive reactance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for
capacitors automatically responsive or nonresponsive to
condition.
Subclass:
725
Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the flexible wall or plate effects
a variation in resistance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
734 746 and 750, for Bourdon, piston or U-tube type pressure
gauges involving resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 36 for fluid or gas pressure
actuated.
Subclass:
726
Strain gauge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 725. Subject matter
wherein the stress and/or strain in an element varies the
resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for strain gauge type
fluid or gas pressure actuated.
Subclass:
727
Piezoresistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 726. Subject matter
wherein the element is made of a semiconductor material whose
resistance to the flow of electrical current is varied by the
application of pressure thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
754 for electrical pressure gauges involving semiconductor
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, subclass 4 for strain gauge type
fluid or gas pressure actuated.
Subclass:
728
Electromagnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 723. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the flexible wall or plate effects
a variation in inductance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
735 for Bourdon tube-type pressure gauges with inductor
elements.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, with condition responsive inductance
adjusting means (e.g., by electromagnet).
Subclass:
729.1
Bellows:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the flexible wall or plate comprises a receptacle or
container having a corrugated wall made up of plural
diaphragms with edges sealed together.
Subclass:
729.2
Capsule:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the flexible wall or plate comprises a disc-shaped
receptacle or container made up of plural diaphragms with
edges sealed together.
Subclass:
730
Expansible conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the pressure being measured deflects a flexible
portion of a fluid-carrying pipe or tube section and a
detection of the degree of deflection is taken as an
indication of pressure.
Subclass:
731
Sack:
This subclass is indented under subclass 715. Subject matter
wherein the pressure responsive element is in the form of a
flexible container.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, 91 for a flexible sack-type
expansible chamber device.
Subclass:
732
Bourdon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein the pressure sensitive element comprises a
thin-walled hollow member of elastic material bent into a
curved configuration or twisted wherein an increase or
decrease of pressure inside the element tends to straighten
it.
Subclass:
733
With electrical readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
wherein the tubular pressure responsive element is deflected
by the pressure to be measured to generate or modify an
electric current and the value of such current is indicative
of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 and 723, for diaphragm gauges with electrical readout.
335.02 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
717 745 and 749, for Bourdon, piston or U-tube gauges with
electrical readout.
753 for electric pressure gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311, for
piezoelectric devices, especially subclass 338.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 188 for a
thermometer with a mechanical sensor and an electrical
indicator.
Subclass:
734
Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 733. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the tubular pressure responsive
element effects a variation in electrical resistance to
modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
719 725, 746, and 750, for diaphragm, piston or U-tube type
pressure gauges with resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 36, for fluid or gas pressure
actuated.
Subclass:
735
Electromagnetic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 733. Subject matter
wherein the deflection of the tubular pressure responsive
element effects a variation in inductance to modify the
electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
722 and 728, for diaphragm devices involving inductor
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 30 for inductor devices with
condition responsive inductance adjusting means (e.g., by
electromagnet).
Subclass:
736
Multiple and/or differential:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
having multiple unit devices subjected to single or plural
pressures, and single devices responsive to plural
pressures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
716 for multiple unit and/or differential diaphragm type.
Subclass:
737
Intermediately supported:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
wherein the Bourdon tube is secured between its ends, usually
at its approximate center for equal distribution of pressure,
with each end of the tube being an active end.
Subclass:
738
Safety pressure release casing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
wherein the Bourdon tube has a casing enclosure which has a
pressure release in the event the tube breaks.
Subclass:
739
With mechanism dampening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
wherein excessive and/or undesirable movements of the Bourdon
tube and/or mechanical indicating system thereof are reduced
by a means which oppose such movements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430 for miscellaneous instrument dampening means.
514.12 for fluid or fluent material dampening of an inertial
element in an acceleration measuring apparatus.
514.14 for vibration dampening in an inertial-type
acceleration measuring apparatus.
Subclass:
740
With zeroizing adjustment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
having an adjustable feature whereby calibration can be
effected to the extent that the pointer or indicator
mechanism is caused to register with a datum on a scale.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
387 for barometers having a similar feature.
Subclass:
741
Bourdon tube and mounting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 732. Subject matter
wherein a unique characteristic of the Bourdon tube structure
or connection and support of the Bourdon tube for
communication with a pressure source is featured.
Subclass:
742
Helical Bourdon tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter
wherein the tubular pressure responsive element is in the
form of a helix.
Subclass:
743
Spiral Bourdon tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 741. Subject matter
wherein the tubular pressure responsive element is in the
form of a spiral.
Subclass:
744
Piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein the pressure being measured displaces a movable
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
92, Expansible Chamber Devices, for a piston and
cylinder-type expansible chamber device and particularly 172
for piston, per se.
Subclass:
745
With electrical readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 744. Subject matter
wherein the pressure being measured displaces a movable wall
to generate or modify an electric current and the value of
such current is indicative of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335.02 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
717 723, 733, and 749, for other pressure gauges with
electrical readout.
749 for U-tube pressure gauges with electrical readout.
753 for electric pressure gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311, for
piezoelectric devices, especially subclass 338.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 188, for a
thermometer with a mechanical sensor and an electrical
indicator.
Subclass:
746
Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 745. Subject matter
wherein the displacement of the movable wall effects a
variation in resistance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
719 725, 734, and 750, for diaphragm, Bourdon or U-tube type
pressure gauges with resistors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 36, for fluid or gas pressure
actuated electrical resistors.
Subclass:
747
U-tube liquid column:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
comprising a column of liquid wherein the liquid is subjected
to a pressure to be measured and the difference in the levels
of the columns or the height of a column from a datum is read
directly as an index of the pressure.
Subclass:
748
Sphygmomanometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 747. Subject matter
for use in blood pressure measuring devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, 672, for blood pressure measuring apparatus
involving more than the pressure gauge, per se.
Subclass:
749
With electrical readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 747. Subject matter
wherein the displacement of the liquid within the U-shaped
tube generates or modifies an electric current, and the value
of such current is indicative of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335.02 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
717 723, 733, and 745, for gauges with electrical readout.
753 for electric pressure gauges.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311, for
piezoelectric devices, especially subclass 338.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 188, for a
thermometer with a mechanical sensor and an electrical
indicator.
Subclass:
750
Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 749. Subject matter
wherein the displacement of the liquid effects a variation in
resistance to modify the electric current.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
719 725, 734, and 746, for other gauges involving
resistance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
338, Electrical Resistors, 36 for fluid or gas pressure
actuated.
Subclass:
751
Balance:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein a container or containers containing communicating
liquid columns is displaced when the liquid columns are
subjected to the pressures to be measured.
Subclass:
752
McLeod type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
comprising means for measuring the degree of vacuum wherein a
definite volume of the medium subjected to vacuum conditions
is compressed by a predetermined head and the amount of such
compression is a measure of the degree of vacuum.
Subclass:
753
Electrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein an electric current is generated or modified by
direct application of the pressure to be measured to an
electric circuit element and the value of such current is
indicative of the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
335.02 for current generating hygrometers or hygrostats.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 163 for thermometers
having electrical or magnetic sensors.
Subclass:
754
Semiconductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter
wherein the electric circuit element is a semiconductor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), 414, especially subclasses 415+ for
sensors of physical deformation.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 50 for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices which are
sensors of physical deformation.
Subclass:
755
Pirani type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 753. Subject matter
comprising a thermal conductivity of the medium (the pressure
of which is to be measured) is measured as an index of such
pressure.
Subclass:
756
Mounting and connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Subject matter
wherein means are featured to either mount the gauge on or
connect the gauge to the means containing the fluid whose
pressure is to be measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, 158 for a pipe or
rod-to-pipe-to-plate coupling means, and, subclasses 189+ for
a pipe-to-plate joint, per se.
Subclass:
760
SPECIMEN STRESS OR STRAIN, OR TESTING BY STRESS OR STRAIN
APPLICATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for (a) the measurement or study of stress
(load) or strain (deformation) of a specimen of material or
structure, or (b) the testing of a specimen of material or
structure by application of a stress or strain thereto.
(1) Note. Where a stress or strain determination is made as
a part (i.e., subcombination) of a larger measuring or
testing organization (e.g., vane type fluid flow measurement,
accelerometer) classification will be with the larger testing
organization.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.48 for a downhole apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring force during drilling.
152.49 for a nondownhole-type apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring force during drilling.
152.59 for a downhole-type apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring a response due to force while drilling
is not taking place.
862 for dynamometers where strain in a part of the measuring
apparatus itself is utilized as an index of power applied
thereto or transmitted thereby.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 787 for extensometers physical
contact with the specimen.
411, Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or
Locked-Threaded Fastener, 8 for fastener devices having
means functioning to facilitate measuring or to denote the
attainment of a desired stress or strain in a fastener device
in situ.
Subclass:
761
Threaded fastener stress:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is a fastener for holding together two
solid elements or has a complementary fitting engaged by the
threads (e.g., nut and bolt).
(1) Note. Mere naming of a test specimen as a fastener
(e.g., bolt) is not, of itself, sufficient for classification
herein.
Subclass:
762
Indicating coating or sheet providing direct visual
indication (e.g., cracking, color change):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein an indicating element or coating on the specimen
undergoes a directly visually perceptible change in response
to specimen stress or strain.
(1) Note. Such testing or measurement using optical elements
(e.g., lenses) or photo-responsive devices are not
classifiable herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
799 for testing of a crack in the specimen, rather than in
an indicating element.
800 for testing using optical or photoresponsive elements
with specimen loading.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 212 for indicators
responsive to a given level of stress.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 32 for stress testing
using optical or photoresponsive elements absent specimen
loading.
Subclass:
763
Specified electrical sensor or system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the stress or strain is sensed by an electrical
transducer and (a) either succeeding circuitry or (b)
specific transducer structure and identifiable load applying
structure.
(1) Note. Mere nominal recitation of a "strain gage" with
other mechanical structure is not classified herein but
rather in the appropriate subclass indented under 760.
(2) Note. Recitation of specific transducer structure absent
identifiable load applying structure is classifiable in the
appropriate electrical transducer class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
781 for a specified load transmission device from the
specimen to a nominal or an unspecified electrical sensor.
855 for a support, holder or housing for an unspecified
electrical sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
331, Oscillators, subclass 65 for an oscillator system
responsive to a mechanical input.
Subclass:
764
Having level attainment counter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
including means to determine the number of times one or more
predetermined levels of stress or strain are reached or
exceeded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
769 for other counters controlled by stress or strain
responsive elements.
787 for time-related (e.g., time integral) stress or strain
parameters, in general.
Subclass:
765
Compensation (e.g., linearization):
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
including means to provide a constant relationship between
stress and strain or to eliminate measurement errors due to
changes in the test environment.
(1) Note. Linearizing circuits are included herein as
nonlinearity compensating circuits.
Subclass:
766
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 765. Subject matter
wherein the compensating means operates to eliminate
thermally caused measurement errors.
Subclass:
767
Plural sensors at single location (e.g., diverse orientation,
plural level):
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
having a plurality of strain gages at substantially a single
location on the specimen to provide a different response to
distinct strain levels or types (e.g., bending,
compression).
(1) Note. The term "substantially" is intended to include
sensors spaced from each other at distances small compared to
the specimen dimensions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for a system having selector switch means for sensors at
different locations.
781 for a load or strain transmitting element for an
electrical sensor which is differently responsive to
different load or strain orientations.
Subclass:
768
Sensor embedded in specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
wherein the sensor is completely surrounded or enclosed by
the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
781 for other mechanical load or strain transmitting
structure for an electrical sensor.
Subclass:
769
Coupling circuit for specific additional purpose (e.g., noise
suppression) or having specified structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
having circuitry (a) for a purpose additional to, or
perfecting, the transmission of the signal between the sensor
and indicator or (b) in which the details of such circuitry
are particularly described.
(1) Note. Mere naming of the circuit connection (e.g.,
conductor, bridge) is not, of itself, sufficient for
classification herein.
Subclass:
770
Peak indicating system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter
wherein the circuitry operates to provide an indication of
maximum or minimum value measured during a specific time
interval.
Subclass:
771
Having selector switching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter
wherein the coupling circuit includes plural, alternative
circuit components and switching means selective as to which
of these elements are connected into the circuit.
(1) Note. This subclass include plural sensor devices at
distinctly different locations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
767 for systems having plural sensors at a single location.
Subclass:
772
Plural sensed signal system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter
wherein more than one signal is sensed and in which means
responsive to the plural signals are simultaneously
operable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
771 for devices alternatively responsive to plural signals.
789 for devices simultaneously responsive to stress and
strain signals, in general.
794 for plural stress-strain testing, in general.
Subclass:
773
Specified signal transmitting link:
This subclass is indented under subclass 769. Subject matter
wherein the details of structure or circuitry for
transmitting the sensed signal between relatively movable
parts, or over a distance which is large compared to the
sensor dimensions is described.
(1) Note. Examples of such structure are slip rings and
details of cable connections.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 177 for details of
electrical signal transmission means, in general.
Subclass:
774
Specified sensor structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 763. Subject matter
wherein the stress or strain sensor structure is particularly
described.
(1) Note. Mere nominal recitation of a transducer or
transducer type is insufficient for classification herein.
Particular structural features of the sensor must be
recited.
(2) Note. Stress or strain sensors without either circuitry
or mechanical means for coupling stress or strain related
forces are not classified herein, but are classified in the
appropriate electrical element class (e.g., resistor).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 311
for piezoelectric elements, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, 2 for resistive strain gage
elements, per se.
Subclass:
775
Bonded to specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter
wherein an entire surface of the sensor is firmly adhered to
a specimen surface so as to form an interface between the
sensor and surface.
Subclass:
776
Sensor comprises coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 775. Subject matter
wherein the sensor consists of a coating formed on the
specimen.
Subclass:
777
Semiconductor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter
wherein the sensor is composed of material having
conductivity intermediate that of conductors and insulators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), 414, especially subclasses 417+ for
stress/strain sensors.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, 50 for
methods of making semiconductor electrical devices which are
sensors of physical deformation.
Subclass:
778
Vibratory element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter
wherein the frequency of vibration of a sensing element
stressed by the specimen provides the desired indication.
Subclass:
779
Magnetic or inductive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter
wherein deformation or stress in the specimen is mechanically
coupled to a sensor which causes a variation in the strength
of magnetic flux intercepted thereby or a change in
reluctance of a magnetic circuit including the sensor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 209 for
stress measurement by a magnetic field in which a specimen
directly interacts with the magnetic field.
Subclass:
780
Capacitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 774. Subject matter
wherein the specimen deformation varies the spacing between
or a dimension of the plates forming a capacitor or varies a
characteristic of the dielectric thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for
condition responsive capacitors, per se.
Subclass:
781
Specified load or strain transmission device from specimen to
electrical detector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is coupled to an electrical sensor by
means transmitting the stress or strain from the specimen to
the sensor. The coupling means often differs in response to
different orientations of specimen stress or strain.
Subclass:
782
Strain multiplier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 781. Subject matter
wherein the coupling means imparts a strain to the electrical
sensor which is a multiple of the specimen strain.
Subclass:
783
Deformation or change in stress after fracture, cutting, or
boring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the change in stress or strain after separation of or
removal of material from the specimen is determined as a
measure of stress, strain or an associated parameter (e.g.,
elastic modulus).
Subclass:
784
Earth stresses:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is a subterranean volume of earth.
Subclass:
785
Prestressed specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the specimen being tested is subjected to a
preexisting stress as a result of the structure or
manufacture thereof.
Subclass:
786
In static structures (e.g., buildings, bridges):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is a structure, permanently affixed to
the earth or an element thereof.
(1) Note. Foundations and pilings are considered elements of
such a structure.
Subclass:
787
Stress or strain history of a specimen without application of
a load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein a time related parameter of the stress or strain of a
specimen is sensed and in which no load is applied to the
specimen.
(1) Note. Examples of such time related parameters include
time integrals, fatigue and maximum values over an interval.
(2) Note. Graphical representations as a function of time
are classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
808 for fatigue testing by repetitive loading of a
specimen.
Subclass:
788
By loading of specimen (e.g., strength of material test):
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
wherein the test is effected by intentionally applying a load
to the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, appropriate subclasses for metal
deformation of general utility.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 46 for thermal testing
combined with loading of a specimen.
Subclass:
789
Stress-strain relationship determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein a determination of a function of or functional
relationship between, the load upon and deformation of a
specimen is obtained.
(1) Note. A device separately measuring the load and
deformation of a specimen without a functional relationship
between, said measurement is not included herein.
Subclass:
790
Compression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 789. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied to the specimen in such manner as
to tend to shorten the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
818 for compressional testing in general.
Subclass:
791
Graphical output:
This subclass is indented under subclass 789. Subject matter
wherein the output is presented in the form of a
multidimensional graph.
(1) Note. A device providing a s:graphical output of a
single parameter as a function of time is not classified
herein, but in the appropriate parameter subclass.
Subclass:
792
Moving chart:
This subclass is indented under subclass 791. Subject matter
where s:graphical output medium is itself moved in response
to variation of one of the measured parameters.
Subclass:
793
Drum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 792. Subject matter
where the graph is drawn on a medium formed in a cylindrical
shape which is rotated about its axis.
Subclass:
794
Plural diverse stress-strain tests or composite loads:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
combining at least two different types of stress-strain tests
(e.g., tensile, bending, compressive, torsion, shear, etc.).
(1) Note. Composite loads in a single test are classified
herein.
(2) Note. Plural tests or loads of the same type are
classified by the particular test.
Subclass:
795
Strain:
This subclass is indented under subclass 794. Subject matter
where the deformation of a specimen is measured.
Subclass:
796
Tension-compression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 794. Subject matter
where the load applied may be either a push or pull.
Subclass:
797
Alternating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 796. Subject matter
where the specimen is cyclically subjected to alternate
push-pull stresses of tension and compression.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
808 for repetitively applied load testing, in general.
Subclass:
798
Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 796. Subject matter
where the load is applied by means of a fluid operated device
or system.
Subclass:
799
Specimen cracking or crack propagation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the loading causes formation of a narrow line
splitting at least the surface of the specimen and where the
splitting or progress thereof is ascertained.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
762 for subject matter in which an indicating coating or
sheet is cracked by specimen stress.
835 for tear testing of a specimen.
Subclass:
800
Optical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the stress or strain indication includes strain
responsive visual or photoresponsive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
762 for a specimen sheet or coating providing a direct
visual indication of stress or strain of a specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 32, for optical strain
analysis absent loading of the specimen.
Subclass:
801
Acoustic emission:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
for detection of sonic-type waves emitted by the specimen as
a result of the load induced strain.
(1) Note. An acoustic emission is generally an inaudible
noise caused by minute changes in a material or object due to
stresses imposed thereon. Thus, when a material undergoes a
permanent deformation, it will generate a sound which may be
monitored by ultrasensitive means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
587 for acoustic emission detection not accompanied by
specimen loading.
Subclass:
802
Aircraft structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the specimen forms a part of an aircraft body.
Subclass:
803
Concrete:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is formed of concrete.
Subclass:
804
Model of structure to determine structure properties:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the specimen comprises a model of a structure which
is tested in order to ascertain properties of the structure.
Subclass:
805
Varied in response to specimen condition other than failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the load applied to the specimen is controlled by a
device responsive to a condition of the specimen other than
failure.
(1) Note. Devices which cease loading upon specimen failure
are classified in the appropriate testing to failure subclass
below. However, a device responsive to either failure or
another condition is classified herein and cross-referenced
to the appropriate testing to failure subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
810 for periodic load testing to failure.
821 for compressional load testing to failure.
834 for tensile testing to failure.
838 for rupture or burst test of sheet material by
transverse loading.
845 for shear testing to failure.
848 for torsion testing to failure.
851 for bending, flexing or folding to failure.
Subclass:
806
Varied according to predetermined pattern:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the load is automatically varied as a function of
time upon operation of the loading device.
(1) Note. Included herein are devices characterized as
varying the rate of change of the loading.
(2) Note. Included herein are devices sequentially testing
plural specimens.
Subclass:
807
Applied directly by fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 806. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied to the specimen by direct contact
with a fluid under pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for testing by fluid pressure in general.
Subclass:
808
Repetitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 806. Subject matter
wherein the variation in loading is repeated during a single
operation of the device.
(1) Note. Included hereunder are devices causing a
repetitive load upon a traveling specimen by inducing
differing loads thereon at particular locations passed by the
specimen.
Subclass:
809
Plural specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
in which a plurality of specimens are simultaneously tested.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
806 for a device which is repetitively actuated to load
sequentially load distinct specimens.
Subclass:
810
To failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
in which the application of stress is repeated until the
specimen is permanently deformed, damaged or ruptured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
799 for detecting cracking of specimen undergoing such
testing.
Subclass:
811
Electric control circuit or particular loading device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
having particular circuitry to control a specimen loading
device or a particularly described electrical loading
device.
(1) Note. An electric motor recited by name only is not a
particularly described electric loading device for purposes
of this classification.
Subclass:
812
Flexing, bending, or folding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
wherein the specimen has a long axis and the repetitive load
tends to deform the long axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
849 for testing by bending, flexing or folding, in general.
Subclass:
813
Compressive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
where the repetitive load tends to shorten the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
818 for static compressional testing.
Subclass:
814
Torsional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
when the repetitive load tends to twist the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
847 for torsion testing in general.
Subclass:
815
Shear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 808. Subject matter
where the repetitive load is either at right angles to the
long axis of the specimen, or oppositely directed along
parallel axes of the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
841 for shear testing in general.
Subclass:
816
Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 806. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied to the specimen by a fluid
actuated device.
Subclass:
817
Motor driven actuating screw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 806. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied to the specimen by a device
driven by a motor-screw combination.
Subclass:
818
Compressional:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied so as to squeeze the specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
790 for a test of a relationship between a compressive load
and its resultant deformation.
813 for repetitive application of a compressive load.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses of general
utility.
Subclass:
819
Plural specimen or multiaxial loading:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the compressive load is applied to plural specimens
or along plural axes of a specimen.
Subclass:
820
Fluid displacement provides indication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the parameter to be indicated controls the position
of a fluid volume which position is calibrated so as to
provide the desired parameter indication.
Subclass:
821
To fracture, crushing, or yield point:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the specimen compressively loaded until it is
permanently ruptured, damaged, or deformed.
Subclass:
822
Plastic flow or creep:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is capable of flow under the compressive
load and in which such flow is determined.
(1) Note. Determination of viscosity of plastic materials by
a compressive test is included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54.01 for determination of viscosity of liquids.
Subclass:
823
Residual deformation (e.g., consolidation):
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the amount of deformation remaining after release of
the compressive load is measured.
Subclass:
824
By rotating squeezing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the compressive load is applied by a rotating
element, the periphery of which overlaps that of the
specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
599, for item sorting means controlled by susceptibility of
the item to deformation.
Subclass:
825
With hydraulic or pneumatic actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 818. Subject matter
wherein the compressive load is applied by a fluid operated
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
816 for a similar device in which the compressive load is
varied in accordance with a predetermined pattern.
Subclass:
826
Tensile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
in which the applied load is a pull tending to stretch the
specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
796 for devices having both tensile and compressive
loading.
806 for tensile loading according to a predetermined
pattern, particularly 808+ for repetitively effected tensile
loading.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 302 for metal stretching, in
general.
Subclass:
827
Bond test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
where the specimen includes an interface where two materials
are joined together.
Subclass:
828
Strand or chain test:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
where the specimen configuration is essentially one
dimensional (e.g., chains, threads, yarns, etc.).
Subclass:
829
By roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Subject matter
where there is a roller, drum, or pulley over which the
specimen passes.
(1) Note. Supply and take up reels are not included as
"rollers" in this subclass.
Subclass:
830
To failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 828. Subject matter
where the specimen is stretched until it is permanently
deformed, damaged, or ruptured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
834 for tensile failure testing in general.
Subclass:
831
Having specified clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
having a particularly described device for gripping or
holding a specimen subjected to tension.
(1) Note. Mere recitation of a clamp by name only is
insufficient for classification herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
828 for specified gripping or holding devices particularly
adapted for strand or chain testing.
856 for such clamping devices, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 455 for clamps of a more
general utility.
Subclass:
832
Interior to specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 831. Subject matter
wherein the clamp is totally within the specimen.
Subclass:
833
Jaws:
This subclass is indented under subclass 831. Subject matter
where the clamp includes two or more movable opposing parts
that open and close for holding the specimen between them.
Subclass:
834
To failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
where the specimen is stressed until it is permanently
deformed, damaged, or ruptured.
Subclass:
835
Tear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 834. Subject matter
where tension is applied to a specimen to cause separation of
parts of the specimen along a predetermined path of
separation.
(1) Note. The predetermined path is generally composed of
scoring or perforations in the specimen.
Subclass:
836
Pendulum dynamometer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
which includes a weighted lever arm, the angular position of
which indicates the load applied to the specimen.
Subclass:
837
Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 826. Subject matter
in which a fluid actuated device applies the load to the
specimen.
Subclass:
838
Rupture or burst strength of sheet material by transverse
loading:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein one axis of the specimen is very small compared to
the other two and the specimen is stressed substantially
along said axis until it fails or ruptures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
807 for a similar device in which fluid pressure is applied
directly to the material according to a predetermined time
variation.
Subclass:
839
Including cutting or piercing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Subject matter
wherein the transverse loading is applied by an element which
penetrates the specimen.
Subclass:
840
Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 838. Subject matter
wherein the loading is effected by a fluid operated device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
807 for devices in which fluid is applied directly to the
specimen with a predetermined pressure variation.
Subclass:
841
Shear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
wherein the loading is applied to a section of the specimen
such that the loading or the deformation has a component
tangential to the section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
815 for such loading effected repetitively during the
testing operation.
Subclass:
842
Bond:
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Subject matter
wherein the specimen includes an interface where two
materials are joined together.
Subclass:
843
By rotary element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Subject matter
wherein the loading is applied by an element rotating about
an axis therethrough.
(1) Note. The load applying element is generally located
within the outer bounds of the specimen.
Subclass:
844
Impact (e.g., pendulum):
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Subject matter
wherein the shear load is applied to the specimen by sudden
contact of a force applying element.
(1) Note. The sudden contact may include movement of the
specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.01 for impact testing in general.
Subclass:
845
To fracture or failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Subject matter
wherein the load is applied to the specimen until it is
permanently ruptured, damaged, or deformed.
Subclass:
846
Opposing work holders including specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Subject matter
in which the load is applied to the specimen by plates on
opposite sides of the specimen applying loads thereto in
different directions.
Subclass:
847
Torsion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
where the specimen has an axis and the loading produces an
angular deformation about said axis.
(1) Note. Rotation of a plate or other force applying
element on or within the specimen is considered a shear,
rather than a torsional load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
814 for such loading effected repetitively during the
testing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, subclass 299, for metal twisting of
general utility.
Subclass:
848
To failure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 847. Subject matter
where the torsional load is applied until a permanent change
of characteristic of the specimen occurs.
Subclass:
849
Bending, flexing, or folding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 788. Subject matter
where the specimen has at least one axis and the difference
in angular orientation of the ends of the axis is varied by
the applied load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
812 for such subject matter where the angular variation is
repetitively effected.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 127, for metal bending by deflection of
successive portions of moving workpiece; and subclasses 380+,
for metal bending by relatively movable offset tool faces,
both of general utility.
Subclass:
850
Weld testing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Subject matter
wherein the specimen includes two portions joined by a fusion
bond.
Subclass:
851
To failure or fracture:
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Subject matter
wherein the specimen is loaded until a permanent change of
characteristic or a fracture of the specimen occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
810 for periodic stressing of a specimen to failure.
812 for periodic bending or flexing of a specimen.
Subclass:
852
Loading means intermediate stationary end holders or
supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Subject matter
wherein the opposite ends of the specimen are mechanically
supported and the load is applied to the specimen between the
supported ends.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
388, Electricity: Motor Control Systems, appropriate
subclasses for motor control systems responsive to torque.
Subclass:
853
Having opposite ends of specimen clamped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Subject matter
where each end of the specimen is rigidly fastened to a
support during the test.
(1) Note. Either support may be angularly movable.
Subclass:
854
By angular displacement of opposite ends of specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 849. Subject matter
where the stressing is effected by movement of one or both
ends of the specimen along the arc of a circle.
Subclass:
855
Support, holder, or housing for unspecified type electrical
sensing element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 760. Subject matter
for a device which at least partially surrounds an electrical
strain gage which is only nominally described.
(1) Note. The device is generally for support or
protection.
(2) Note. Such devices with a particular electrical sensor
are classified with the sensor.
Subclass:
856
Specimen clamp, holder, or support:
Apparatus for or method of holding a specimen to be subjected
to a test of the type classified in subclasses 760+.
(1) Note. These holding devices or methods are
subcombinations of the subject matter of subclasses 760+ and
are peculiar to such testing.
(2) Note. Single or plural gripping devices are classified
herein, even if broadly correlated for testing; however,
inclusion of additional structure for application or
transmission of a test load will be classified in the
appropriate subclass above.
(3) Note. Gripping Means, in general, without structure
peculiar to stress or strain testing, is classified in the
appropriate class therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 455 for clamps of a more
general utility.
Subclass:
857
With hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of grip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Subject matter
wherein the specimen support is operated by a fluid pressure
system.
Subclass:
858
Winding drum or roller type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Subject matter
wherein a portion of the specimen is wound about an element
of the gripping apparatus.
Subclass:
859
With wedging or camming elements contacting specimen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Subject matter
wherein the specimen gripping elements have either a wedge
shape surface or are pivotable about an axis to allow the
gripping elements to conform to the specimen surface to
center the specimen.
(1) Note. The wedge shaped surface of such elements is not
necessarily the specimen contacting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclass 217 for work holders of general
utility having wedging or camming jaws.
Subclass:
860
Opposed pair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 856. Subject matter
including a pair of gripping devices at opposite ends of a
specimen.
Subclass:
861
VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for determining the volume of flow, speed, volume
rate of flow or mass rate of flow of fluent material.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, fluent materials
include liquids, gases, fluent solids, and fluent mixtures.
(2) Note. Patents claiming only such motive part of volume
meters as are capable of general use as a fluid motor are
classified in Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type and
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps. See the reference
to Class 73 in section III of the Class Definition of Class
91 for a further statement of this line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.16 for calibration of flow meters.
155 for determining fluid flow in bore holes.
170.07 and 170.11, for determining fluid flow-rate and
direction.
181 for determining the speed of a craft with respect to a
fluid.
488 for mechanical speed, velocity, or acceleration
measuring of nonfluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating, 180 for metering and
mixing two gases where one is a fuel.
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, see (3) Note above.
116, Signals and Indicators, for nonelectrical means for
giving an alarm upon occurrence of fluid flow.
128, Surgery, 630 for flow-measuring means with structure
particularly adapted for placement on or in a living body.
137, Fluid Handling, 98 for a self-proportioning flow
system; and subclasses 624.11+ for a programmed or timed
valve which meters fluid merely by timing the interval
between opening and closing of the valve.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 154.3 and 155.5 for a metal
casting apparatus which may include a volumetric flow rate
sensor.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclass 48, for
measuring the rate of flow of drilling fluid.
222, Dispensing, particularly 14, 59+ and 71+ for volume or
rate of flow-measuring means having dispensing features or
used in dispensing combinations.
235, Registers, subclass 92 for particle counting with
display means.
250, Radiant Energy, particularly subclass 258, 259+, 302+,
356.1, and 432+ for miscellaneous radiant energy responsive
devices.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306, for
flow-measuring means responsive to nuclear induction.
340, Communications: Electrical, 606 for electric means for
giving a nonquantitative indication or signal in response to
the condition, such as flow, of a fluid.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 27 for flow-measuring
means employing lasers.
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, see (2) Note
above.
418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible
chamber devices, per se.
700, Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications, subclass 281 for control of fluid level or
volume, subclasses 282-285 for flow control.
Subclass:
861.01
With indirect temperature or density compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
with means for combining the output from a flow transducer
with the output from one or more transducer means responsive
to a fluid parameter to effect temperature correction of the
output from the flow transducer or to convert volumetric flow
rate into mass flow rate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.04 for combining the output from a flow transducer with
the output from one or more fluid condition responsive
transducer means to determine the flow rate of a selected
fluid component.
Subclass:
861.02
Electrical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.01. Subject
matter wherein the transducer outputs are combined
electrically.
Subclass:
861.03
Digital:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.02. Subject
matter wherein the output of each transducer is an electrical
signal or is converted to an electrical signal before being
combined, and wherein at least one of the signals being
combined contains a characteristic which is recurrent (e.g.,
a pulse or waveform) over a period of time, and the
information in the signal is contained in the number of
recurrences of the characteristic during the period of time.
Subclass:
861.04
Of selected fluid mixture component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
for detecting one or more selected components of a multiphase
(i.e., gas, liquid, or solid) fluid or fluid mixture.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 for similar structure to effect compensation or
correction of the output of a volumetric flow transducer or
to convert volumetric flow rate into mass flow rate.
Subclass:
861.05
By measuring transit time of tracer or tag:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
responsive to the time elapsed for a detectable property of
the fluid or a detectable body or substance introduced into
the fluid to travel a fixed distance.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, a body or
substance that divides the fluid into segments is a tracer if
it does not impede the fluid flow.
Subclass:
861.06
With autocorrelation or cross-correlation detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.05. Subject
matter wherein it is determined if a signal (i.e.,
f[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt](t)) is noise by correlating it
with either another signal (i.e., the solution to
cross-correlation in Figure 1) or with itself (i.e., the
solution to autocorrelation in Figure 2), where
f[subscrpt]1[end subscrpt](t) and f[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt](t) are functions of time, t, and t is a period of
delay: [figure][caption]Figure 1 [figure][caption]Figure 2
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 76.12 for analysis
of complex waves.
708, Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating, 5, 422+ and 813+, for correlators, per se.
Subclass:
861.07
By measuring tracer concentration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein (a) a tracer substance is introduced into the fluid
at a fixed rate and a downstream detector means is responsive
to the tracer concentration or (b) a fixed concentration of
tracer substance is introduced into the fluid and a
downstream detector means is responsive to the rate of
introduction of the tracer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 302 and 356.1 for radiation tracer
methods and flow metering of invisible radiation.
Subclass:
861.08
By measuring electrical or magnetic properties:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
directly responsive to an electrical or magnetic property of
the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 306 for
measuring electrical or magnetic property, per se, and for
measuring flow rate by nuclear induction.
Subclass:
861.09
Ionization type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.08. Subject
matter wherein ions are produced in the fluid and the flow
rate is determined by (a) the ion production rate, or (b) the
rate of ion collection by ion collector means (e.g.,
electrodes).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.05 for detection of the transit time of an ionized
tracer or tag.
861.07 for detection of the concentration of an ionized
substance or solution injected into the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 306, for inspection of solids or liquids
by charged particles.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 460, for the
measurement of gas pressures by means of ionization gages.
Subclass:
861.11
Electromagnetic induction (e.g., Faraday type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.08. Subject
matter wherein the fluid traverses an applied magnetic field,
and potential gradients, indicative of flow rate, are
produced in the fluid by magnetic induction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 11
for dynamo-electric machinery in which the fluid may be
conductive to electricity.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnetics, 209 for magnet structure, per se.
417, Pumps, subclass 50 in which a pumped fluid is
electrically conductive.
Subclass:
861.12
With detecting electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.11. Subject
matter wherein electrodes are placed in contact with the
fluid or are capacitively coupled therewith to detect a
potential gradient produced in the fluid along a path through
the fluid extending transverse to both the magnetic field and
a component of the flow direction.
Subclass:
861.13
Including permanent magnet or D.C. field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.12. Subject
matter wherein the applied magnetic field is produced by a
permanent magnet or by an electromagnet supplied with a
constant and continuous field current.
Subclass:
861.14
For dielectric fluids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.12. Subject
matter for fluids which do not conduct direct electric
current (e.g., petroleum products).
Subclass:
861.15
Plural pairs of detecting electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.12. Subject
matter having means for detecting plural potential gradients
along plural paths through the fluid.
Subclass:
861.16
Including electrically interconnected or synchronized input
and output circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.12. Subject
matter wherein the applied magnetic field is produced by an
electromagnet and the detected potential gradient is applied
to an electrical output circuit which also receives a signal
responsive to or synchronized with the applied magnetic field
or the power supply to the electromagnet.
(1) Note. Usually, the signal is used to compensate for
fluctuations in the power supply or to control means for
rejecting spurious signals.
Subclass:
861.17
Selective or periodic sampling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.16. Subject
matter with switching or gating means for selective or
periodic sampling of the potential gradient detected by
electrodes (e.g., for sampling when the magnetic flux is in a
steady state).
Subclass:
861.18
By measuring vibrations or acoustic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
responsive to (a) traveling compressional waves (e.g.,
acoustic waves) existing in the fluid or applied thereto, (b)
mechanical oscillations or fluid vortices produced by the
interaction of the fluid with passive structure (e.g., an
obstacle) or (c) vibrations applied to the fluid by dynamic
means vibrating in a plane parallel with the direction of
flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.32 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring
vibration.
861.34 for detection of the precessional motion of swirling
fluid.
861.355 for applied vibrations which impart angular or
lateral momentum to the fluid.
Subclass:
861.19
Produced by fluidic oscillator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter wherein the fluid is accelerated to form a fluid jet
and including means to oscillate the jet (e.g., by negative
feedback forces exerted thereon through control ports).
Subclass:
861.21
Caused by fluid interaction with obstacle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter wherein a body in the flow path either vibrates due to
the dynamic effects of the fluid or imparts vibrations to the
fluid.
Subclass:
861.22
Vortex shedders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter wherein an obstacle (e.g., bluff body) in the flow
path generates Karman vortex streets.
Subclass:
861.23
Acoustic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.22. Subject
matter wherein an acoustic wave is transmitted through the
fluid by transducer means.
Subclass:
861.24
Movable sensor responsive to vortices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.22. Subject
matter wherein the vortices cause an element to vibrate
proportional to the vortex frequency.
(1) Note. The element may be the vortex generator itself, a
segment thereof, or separate element.
Subclass:
861.25
Reflection or scattering of acoustic waves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter wherein the rate of flow is determined by acoustic
waves transmitted to and reflected or scattered by the
fluid.
Subclass:
861.26
Deflection of acoustic waves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter responsive to the downstream deflection of acoustic
waves transmitted through the fluid transverse to a component
of the direction of flow.
Subclass:
861.27
Transit time of acoustic waves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.18. Subject
matter responsive to the transit time of acoustic waves
transmitted through the fluid along a path extending between
upstream and downstream locations.
(1) Note. Usually, a comparison of upstream and downstream
transit times is effected.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339 and 597, for measuring transit time of acoustic waves to
determine other properties of a fluid (e.g., density,
temperature, etc.).
Subclass:
861.28
Transmitted along single path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.27. Subject
matter wherein the acoustic waves are transmitted upstream
and downstream along the same path.
Subclass:
861.29
In both directions simultaneously:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.28. Subject
matter wherein the acoustic waves are simultaneously
transmitted upstream and downstream along the same path.
Subclass:
861.31
Transmitted along parallel paths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.27. Subject
matter wherein the acoustic waves are transmitted along
plural upstream-downstream paths which are substantially
parallel.
Subclass:
861.32
By measuring swirl rate imparted by static means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
responsive to the angular velocity imparted to the fluid by
fixed vanes, tangential inlet to a chamber, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 for other devices which combine the output from a
flow transducer with the output from one or more transducer
means.
861.351 for devices which are responsive to a dynamic
characteristic of the fluid.
Subclass:
861.33
With turbine in a swirl chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.32. Subject
matter wherein a swirl chamber is included and the rate of
swirl is measured by a turbine located in the swirl chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.34 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
rotation rate of an element about a rotation axis.
Subclass:
861.34
Precess type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.32. Subject
matter wherein the swirling motion of the fluid is
transformed into precessional movement and the precessional
movement is detected.
(1) Note. Usually, an expansion or constriction of the flow
path is employed to transform the swirling motion to
precessional movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.22 for detection of Karman vortices.
Subclass:
861.351
Mass flow by imparting angular or transverse momentum to the
fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein a fluid is accelerated in a direction other than the
normal direction of flow and a response related to the
acceleration is determined to provide a direct measurement of
mass flow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 through 861.03, for a mass flow measurement in which
the volume of flow is combined with another measurement to
provide a measurement of mass flow.
861.32 for a device responsive to the angular velocity
imparted to a fluid
Subclass:
861.352
Rotated resiliently coupled elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.351. Subject
matter wherein impellers or an impeller and drum are rotated
at the same angular velocity by the fluid or drive means and
connected by a biasing means, and the angular displacement
between the members is a measure of mass flow.
Subclass:
861.353
Reaction turbine or vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.351. Subject
matter wherein the angular momentum of the fluid is absorbed
by (a) a turbine restrained against free rotation (normally
spring biased) or (b) a fixed member.
Subclass:
861.354
Coriolis or gyroscopic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.351. Subject
matter wherein (a) a conduit or impeller is rotated or
oscillated to impose a transverse velocity gradient on the
fluid or (b) a conduit is formed as a loop to provide an
effective spin axis, the loop is rotated or oscillated about
a drive axis and a gyroscopic couple is produced.
Subclass:
861.355
Vibrated conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.354. Subject
matter wherein the conduit is subjected to oscillations.
Subclass:
861.356
Signal processing or analysis details:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.355. Subject
matter including specific means or steps for evaluating the
output for determination of mass flow or drive control.
Subclass:
861.357
Drive and sensor element located on straight conduit
portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.355. Subject
matter wherein the vibration means and sensing element are
located on a straight section of the conduit.
Subclass:
861.39
Using an applied fluid jet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
having means responsive to the interaction of the fluid with
a high velocity stream issued from a nozzle.
Subclass:
861.41
By counting drops, bubbles, or particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein the fluid consists of or is converted into discrete
drops, bubbles or particles which are detected and counted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
337, Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated
Switches, subclass 10, for particle counting where no
significant measuring or testing structure is claimed.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 555, for particle count, distribution and size.
Subclass:
861.42
Using differential pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein the velocity of the fluid to be metered creates a
pressure differential or kinetic head across (a) a flow
restriction such as a Venturi, flow nozzle or orifice plate,
or (b) a Pitot or like device, which differential or head is
substantially proportional to a function of the velocity of
the fluid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for Weir-type meters.
716 for differential pressure gauges including diaphragms
and capable of general use.
747 for U-type manometers capable of general use.
861.01 wherein the output from the flow meter is combined
with that of another transducer for temperature compensation
or the measure of mass flow.
861.39 wherein the pressure differential is created by the
interaction of the fluid with a high velocity stream from a
nozzle.
861.71 wherein the restriction is varied by an object in its
flow path.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40, for flow restrictors,
per se.
Subclass:
861.43
With time integration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter wherein means is provided for integrating the pressure
differential or kinetic head with respect to time, so that a
measure of the total flow over a period may be obtained.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for differential pressure-type meters having integrating
means and forming ships' log navigating devices.
Subclass:
861.44
By electrical means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.43. Subject
matter wherein the integration is performed electrically.
Subclass:
861.45
By mechanical means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.43. Subject
matter wherein the integration is performed mechanically.
Subclass:
861.46
Including pressure applied to liquid column or reservoir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.45. Subject
matter wherein a liquid column or reservoir is subjected to
the pressure to be measured and the subsequent change in
level is sensed and utilized as an input to the integration
means.
Subclass:
861.47
Pressure applied to movable member (e.g., a diaphragm):
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter wherein a moveable member, such as a diaphragm,
bellows, or piston, is subjected to the pressure to be
measured.
Subclass:
861.48
With linearization (e.g., square root extraction):
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.47. Subject
matter wherein structure is included to produce an output
which is linearly related to fluid velocity.
Subclass:
861.49
Pressure applied to liquid column or reservoir:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter wherein a liquid column or reservoir is subjected to
the pressure to be measured and the resultant change in level
is a measure of the flow rate.
Subclass:
861.51
With linearization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.49. Subject
matter wherein structure is included to produce an output
which is linearly related to fluid velocity.
Subclass:
861.52
With restriction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter wherein the differential pressure is created by a
restriction located in the flow path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.47 wherein a pressure is applied to a movable member.
861.49 wherein a pressure is applied to a liquid column or
reservoir.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 40, for flow restrictors,
per se.
Subclass:
861.53
Automatically variable restriction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.52. Subject
matter wherein the effective area of the restriction is
automatically varied by the differential pressure created.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.71 wherein a restriction is varied by the thrust forces
on an object and the object is biased by gravity or a
spring.
Subclass:
861.54
Slotted piston or cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.53. Subject
matter wherein the effective area of the restriction is
varied by relative movement of an apertured or slotted piston
or cylinder.
Subclass:
861.55
Cone and ball or disk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.53. Subject
matter wherein the effective area of the restriction is
varied by relative movement of a ball, disk or like member
(e.g., float) with respect to a cone or tapered cylinder.
Subclass:
861.56
With structure of coupling to indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.55. Subject
matter including details of the elements transmitting the
relative motion to an indicator.
Subclass:
861.57
With structure of float, float tube, or float guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.55. Subject
matter wherein a float is displaced and details of either the
float, float tube, or a float guide are included.
Subclass:
861.58
Orifice and tapered plug:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.53. Subject
matter wherein the effective area of the restriction is
varied by relative movement of a tapered plug and an orifice
member.
Subclass:
861.59
Including recirculation pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.52. Subject
matter wherein a constant volumetric recirculating pump is
used to add or subtract a given volumetric flow of fluid to
the flow being measured.
Subclass:
861.61
Orifice or flow nozzle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.52. Subject
matter wherein the means producing the differential pressure
is an opening (as a vent, mouth or hole) through which the
fluid passes or a tube having a taper or constriction (e.g.,
nozzle).
Subclass:
861.62
Adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.61. Subject
matter wherein the effective area of the orifice or flow
nozzle may be selectively varied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.53 wherein the effective area is changed automatically
in response to fluid pressure.
Subclass:
861.63
Venturi:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.52. Subject
matter wherein the means producing the differential pressure
has flaring ends connected by a constricted middle.
Subclass:
861.64
Inlet or outlet structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.63. Subject
matter wherein specific details of the converging inlet or
diverging outlet are included.
Subclass:
861.65
Pitot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter comprising a device that consists of a tube which is
placed in a moving body of fluid and is used to measure a
kinetic head.
Subclass:
861.66
Sensing at plural transverse locations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.65. Subject
matter wherein the total pressure or static pressure is
sensed at a plurality of locations in a plane transverse to
the flow direction.
Subclass:
861.67
Adjustable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.65. Subject
matter wherein the position of the Pitot tube relative to the
fluid may be varied.
Subclass:
861.68
With heating element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.65. Subject
matter wherein the Pitot tube is provided with a heater
(e.g., for de-icing).
Subclass:
861.69
Centrifugal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.42. Subject
matter wherein the fluid is caused to curve from a normally
straight path so as to produce a centrifugal change of
pressure which is taken as a measure of the rate of flow of
the fluid.
Subclass:
861.71
By measuring thrust or drag forces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
responsive to the magnitude of forces imparted by the fluid
to (a) an object placed in the flow path or (b) a conduit
segment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.355 for detection of reaction forces imparted to a
conduit segment by dynamic means.
Subclass:
861.72
By changing fluid direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.71. Subject
matter wherein the object or conduit segment changes the
direction of the fluid and the forces imparted by the fluid
are predominantly the reaction forces necessary to change the
direction of the flow.
Subclass:
861.73
Impact of particulate material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.71. Subject
matter wherein the fluid is particulate material and the
object is an impact plate.
Subclass:
861.74
On a vane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.71. Subject
matter wherein the object is a vane or pivoted flap valve and
movement of the vane or flap valve is measured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.05 for vane meters combined with wind vanes.
186 for vane meters combined with ships log.
Subclass:
861.75
With rotation about a fixed axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.74. Subject
matter wherein the vane is mounted for rotation about a fixed
axis and the angular displacement is a measure of the forces
imparted.
Subclass:
861.76
Spring biased:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.75. Subject
matter wherein the vane is biased against rotation by a
spring.
Subclass:
861.77
Using rotating member with particular electrical output or
circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein the fluid to be measured causes an element placed in
the fluid path to be rotated and provides an electrical
signal which is a measure of rotation of the element and
including specific details of either the sensing means or the
electrical circuit to process the output of the sensing
means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.34 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
rotation rate of an element about a rotation axis.
861.02 wherein the electrical output is combined with the
output from another transducer to effect temperature
compensation or mass flow rate.
Subclass:
861.78
With pick-up coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.77. Subject
matter wherein the electrical signal is generated by varying
the magnetic flux between a pick-up coil and the element.
Subclass:
861.79
Using turbine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861. Subject matter
wherein means rotatable about an axis by a flowing fluid
provides an output indicative of flow rate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 for devices wherein the turbine output is combined
with the output from one or more fluid condition responsive
transducers.
861.33 wherein a turbine is used to measure swirl rate.
861.77 wherein the output of the turbine is electrical and
specific details of the circuit are included.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, wherein only those
motive parts are claimed such as are capable of general use
as a turbine meter or motor.
Subclass:
861.81
With response modification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.79. Subject
matter wherein the output is variable or adjustable.
(1) Note. The modification may be attained by adjusting a
drag brake, nozzle angle either manually or automatically in
accordance with pressure or velocity, or by modifying the
flow into or through the turbine, or by correcting the
output.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.01 for modification of the meter response wherein the
output of a second transducer is combined with the output
from the turbine to effect temperature compensation or obtain
mass flow rate.
861.77 wherein the output of the meter is electrical and an
electrical processing circuit is included.
Subclass:
861.82
Pressure responsive valve or restriction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.81. Subject
matter wherein a valve or restriction responds to fluid
pressure to control the flow through the meter.
(1) Note. This includes altering the amount of fluid
directed to a shunt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
202 wherein a portion of the fluid is separated from the
main flow and the meter is located in the separated portion.
Subclass:
861.83
Axial supply and delivery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.81. Subject
matter wherein the supply to and delivery from the turbine
chamber is at the ends thereof and substantially parallel to
the axis of the turbine.
Subclass:
861.84
Differentially responsive turbines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.83. Subject
matter wherein at least two freely rotatable turbines with
differentially pitched vanes respond to the same flow to
provide different or opposite rotation rates.
Subclass:
861.85
Anemometers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.79. Subject
matter wherein wind speed is measured with a turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
170.07 and 170.11, where both wind speed and direction are
measured.
Subclass:
861.86
With fluid directed radially outward:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.79. Subject
matter wherein the fluid enters at or near the axis of
rotation of the turbine and is directed with a predominantly
radial component against a member, (e.g., curved vanes or
tubes) and the radial component of the fluid causes rotation
of the member.
Subclass:
861.87
With flow direction retained in a plane perpendicular to
turbine axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.79. Subject
matter wherein the fluid is directed to and from the turbine
with no initial, intermediate, or final direction having a
component parallel to the turbine axis.
Subclass:
861.88
Mechanical coupling to indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.87. Subject
matter wherein the turbine is directly coupled to an
indicator by mechanical means.
Subclass:
861.89
Axial supply and delivery:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.79. Subject
matter wherein the supply to and delivery from the turbine
chamber is at the ends thereof and substantially parallel to
the axis of the turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
861.83 for turbines of this type where the response is
modified.
Subclass:
861.91
With structure to reduce friction or wear:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.89. Subject
matter wherein structure, other than the bearings themselves,
is provided to reduce friction or wear of the turbine
bearings.
(1) Note. Reduction of friction or wear may be attained by
reducing axial thrust or lubricating the bearings.
Subclass:
861.92
With structure of bearing or turbine support structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.89. Subject
matter wherein the turbine is combined with details of either
the turbine bearings or the structure for mounting the
turbine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
384, Bearings, 91 for rotary bearing, per se.
Subclass:
861.93
With mechanical coupling to indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.89. Subject
matter wherein the turbine is directly coupled to an
indicator by mechanical means.
Subclass:
861.94
With magnetic coupling drive assembly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.89. Subject
matter wherein the turbine is coupled to an indicator by
means of drive and driven magnets.
Subclass:
861.95
Thermal tracer or tag:
This subclass is indented under subclass 861.05. Subject
matter wherein the detectable flow indicating property is a
localized thermal change in the fluid being measured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
152.33 for a flowmeter for determining a characteristic of a
borehole, a well casing, or a drill rigging by measuring a
rate of fluid flow responsive to a thermal property of a
fluid.
204.11 for a flowmeter which measures the thermal effect of
flow on a sensor.
Subclass:
862
DYNAMOMETERS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring or determining force, torque,
work or mechanical power.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a dynamometer may
either be employed to measure an applied load or to apply a
measured load (e.g., for test purposes).
(2) Note. Dynamometers included in this subclass and
subclasses indented hereunder either have general utility or
perform specific measurements or tests which are not
elsewhere classifiable. For example, dynamometers that
measure certain physical properties or conditions (e.g.,
weight, gravity, vibration, acceleration and fluid pressure)
or test certain devices (e.g., brakes, springs and shock
absorbers) are classified elsewhere according to use.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.08 for proving or calibrating dynamometers wherein only
those details necessary for describing the calibrator is
claimed.
54.39 for a viscometer measuring shearing torque between
parallel surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 52.4 for tools that yield on predetermined
overload, and subclass 52.5 for such tools combined with
overload signals.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 176 for power-operated tools
comprising torque responsive control means and subclasses 20+
for tool driving or impacting combined with force indicating
means when more tool structure is recited than is necessary
to describe the measuring apparatus.
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses.
188, Brakes, for friction brakes, per se.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 93
for dynamoelectric brakes and subclasses 94 and 95 for
automatic control of dynamoelectric brakes.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate
subclasses for a dynamometer controlling a motor.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 76.77 for phase
measuring and indicating, per se.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6, for strain gages,
per se, and condition responsive means comprising strain gage
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, 665 for indicating systems
responsive to force or stress.
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for recorder
structure.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses.
FORCE:
The strength or energy exerted upon or brought to bear or the
cause of motion or change in motion or a state of rest.
POWER:
The rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is
transferred.
TORQUE:
A turning or twisting force or a force that produces or tend
to produce rotation or torsion.
WORK:
The transference of energy that is produced by motion at the
point of application of force which is measured by
multiplying the force and the displacement of its point of
application in the line of action.
Subclass:
862.01
For testing force-biased connections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862. Subject matter
comprising means for examining the load sustaining ability of
devices for joining or fastening one member to another with a
biasing force.
(1) Note. Examples of force-biased joining or fastening
devices are male-female frictional connectors, wire-wrapped
electrical terminals, and spring-biased clamping means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 827 and 842, for examining the holding strength of
bonding materials.
161 for measuring the biasing force of springs.
761 and 862.21, for testing threaded connections.
Subclass:
862.02
Ski bindings:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.01. Subject
matter wherein the device for joining or fastening comprises
a safety type ski binding for holding a ski boot to a ski.
Subclass:
862.03
For testing relative pulling power (e.g., for contests):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862. Subject matter
comprising means for providing a measured or controlled
tractive load to compare the pulling ability of mechanical
tractive power means.
(1) Note. The load is usually progressively increased to
exceed the pulling capacity of the power means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
379.01 for testing the pulling ability of animals.
862.57 for measuring the pulling power of a working draft
animal or machine.
Subclass:
862.041
Responsive to multiple loads or load components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862. Subject matter
wherein; (a) both force and torque, or (b) more than one
force or more than one torque, or (c) more than one component
of a single force or torque are determined.
Subclass:
862.042
Along or about mutually orthogonal axes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter wherein the forces, the force components, the torques
or, the torque components are perpendicular to each other.
Subclass:
862.043
Three dimensional (e.g., x, y, z axes):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.042. Subject
matter wherein three mutually perpendicular forces, force
components, torques, or torque components are determined.
Subclass:
862.044
Using a resistance strain gage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.043. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
change in electrical resistance of a sensing means comprising
an electrical conductor or semiconductor that is stressed by
the deflection or distortion of an elastic member.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a disclosure of
strain detecting means affixed to a surface of the elastic
member is presumed to be of the resistive type unless
otherwise stated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for determining stress or strain of a test specimen with
a strain gage.
862.045 862.338+, 862.474, and 862.627+, for other force or
torque measuring means having an elastically deformable
member combined with a resistance strain gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weigher using a
strain gage.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for a strain
gage, per se.
Subclass:
862.045
Using a resistance strain gage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
change in electrical resistance of a sensing means comprising
an electrical conductor or semiconductor that is stressed by
the deflection or distortion of an elastic member.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this subclass, a disclosure of
strain detecting means affixed to a surface of the elastic
member is presumed to be of the resistive type unless
otherwise stated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for determining stress or strain of a test specimen with
a strain gage.
862.044 862.338+, 862.474, and 862.627+, for other torque and
force measuring means having an elastically deformable member
using a resistance strain gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weigher using a
strain gage.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for a strain
gage, per se.
Subclass:
862.046
Transducer array (e.g., columns and rows):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by utilizing a
sensing means comprising a plurality of transducers
distributed over an area.
Subclass:
862.05
Applied to guidance means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter wherein the measuring means are responsive to manual
force or torque applied to a guiding mechanism by an
operator.
Subclass:
862.06
On machine tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter wherein the measuring means are responsive to force or
torque on a working tool effecting a machining function.
(1) Note. Examples of machining functions are cutting,
drilling and milling.
Subclass:
862.07
To determine distribution of tensile stress:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.041. Subject
matter comprising individual force responsive means at
different points spaced across the width of a web or strip to
determine the longitudinal tension thereof at said points.
Subclass:
862.08
Responsive to torque:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862. Subject matter
for measuring torque, work or power comprising sensing means
responsive to a force couple or moment of force that induces
or resists rotation of a body about a point or axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.041 for dynamometers comprising means responsive to
plural torques.
Subclass:
862.09
By absorption:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.08. Subject
matter comprising rotary power absorbing means for testing a
source of rotary mechanical power by applying a measured or
controlled power consuming load thereto.
(1) Note. Dynamometers in this subclass must be capable of
applying a sustained, nonstalling rotary load to the source.
Subclass:
862.11
Having plural brake means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.09. Subject
matter wherein the load is applied by more than one rotary
power absorbing means.
Subclass:
862.12
Having friction brake means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.09. Subject
matter wherein the load is applied by an absorbing means
using mechanical friction to consume the power.
(1) Note. Prony brake dynamometers are classifiable in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes for friction brakes, per se.
Subclass:
862.13
Automatic load control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.12. Subject
matter comprising speed or torque responsive means to control
the load applied by the absorbing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.16 and 862.18, for other automatic load control
devices.
Subclass:
862.14
Having fluid brake means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.09. Subject
matter wherein the load is applied by an absorbing means
using a working fluid to consume the power.
(1) Note. Hydraulic pumps or motors adapted for use as
absorption dynamometers are classifiable in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
188, Brakes, 290 for fluid brakes, per se.
Subclass:
862.15
Air brakes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.14. Subject
matter wherein the working fluid is a gas or vapor.
Subclass:
862.16
Automatic load control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.14. Subject
matter comprising speed or torque responsive means to control
the load applied by the absorbing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.13 and 862.18, for other automatic load control
devices.
Subclass:
862.17
Having magnetic or electromagnetic brake means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.09. Subject
matter wherein the load is applied by an absorbing means
using magnetic drag to consume the power.
(1) Note. Eddy current dynamometers and motors or generators
adapted for use as absorption dynamometers are classifiable
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 93,
for dynamoelectric brakes.
Subclass:
862.18
Automatic load control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.17. Subject
matter comprising speed or torque responsive means to control
the load applied by the absorbing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.13 and 862.16, for other automatic load control
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 94
and 95, for automatic control of dynamoelectric brakes.
Subclass:
862.191
During transmission to an external load:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.08. Subject
matter wherein the torque, work or power is transmitted from
a source to a load other than the dynamometer.
(1) Note. The load may comprise either work or test
structure.
(2) Note. The sensing means has no appreciable loading
affect on the source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.09 for similar subject matter wherein the load is the
dynamometer.
Subclass:
862.192
By measuring angular acceleration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.191. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a rate
of change in the angular velocity of a torque transmitting
component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
488 for determining angular velocity and angular
acceleration, per se.
Subclass:
862.193
By measuring an electrical or magnetic characteristic of a
torque delivering electric motor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.191. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made from a measured
electrical or magnetic operating parameter of a torque
delivering electric motor.
(1) Note. Examples of a parameter are current, voltage or
magnetic flux, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for testing a motor or an engine, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 158 for
electrical testing of a motor or a generator.
Subclass:
862.194
By measuring tension in a drive belt or chain:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.191. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring the
tautness of a drive belt or chain.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.453 for testing for tension in a drive belt, per se.
Subclass:
862.195
By converting transmitted torque into axial force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.191. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by converting a
torque about an axis into an axial force along the axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.381 for measuring force, work or power by means of a
sensing means responsive to a load or a reaction force
applied along a particular axis.
Subclass:
862.21
For making or breaking threaded connections (e.g., torque
measuring wrenches):
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ wherein the sensing
means is incorporated in or combined with a tool for
tightening or loosening threaded fasteners or couplings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
761 for measuring the strain of a threaded fastener.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, 176 for power-operated tools
comprising torque responsive control means.
Subclass:
862.22
With variable capacity or sensitivity:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.21. Subject
matter wherein the measuring range or responsiveness of the
sensing means is adjustable.
Subclass:
862.23
With detection of specific torque value or condition (e.g.,
peak torque):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.21. Subject
matter comprising means for indicating (a) the maximum value
of the transmitted torque or (b) when the transmitted torque
attains a desired value or condition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 52.4 for tools which yield on predetermined
overload; and subclass 52.5 for such tools combined with
overload signals.
Subclass:
862.24
Rate of change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.23. Subject
matter comprising means for detecting a predetermined torque
gradient.
(1) Note. Torque gradient is the rate of change of torque
with respect to rotation or time.
Subclass:
862.25
Power tongs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.21. Subject
matter wherein the tool comprises power means for screwing or
unscrewing sections of a tubular assembly.
(1) Note. Most tubular assemblies in this subclass comprise
threaded sections of drill pipe, casing, tubing, and rods
used in the drilling and operation of wells.
Subclass:
862.26
Bending beam type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.21. Subject
matter wherein the tool comprises an elongate, resilient
member acting as a torque transmitting lever arm and the
flexing of said member is indicative of the transmitted
torque.
Subclass:
862.27
With recording or totalizing means:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ comprising means for
(a) making a permanent record of measured torque, work or
power or (b) registering the total torque, work or power over
a period of time.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.51 for devices which are responsive to force with
recording means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for recorder
structure.
Subclass:
862.28
With electrical computation of horsepower:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ comprising
electrical means for combining torque and speed signals to
produce a signal indicative of horsepower.
Subclass:
862.29
By measuring reaction forces of a prime mover:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ wherein the sensing
means senses reaction forces exerted by a torque delivering
motor or engine on its mounts or support means, which forces
are indicative of the delivered torque.
Subclass:
862.31
By measuring reaction forces of transmission gearing:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ wherein the sensing
means senses reaction forces experienced by a torque
transmitting gear or gear train, which forces are indicative
of the transmitted torque.
Subclass:
862.321
By measuring elastic deformation of a torque transmitting
member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.191. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by sensing the
deflection or distortion of an elastic member that transmits
a torque from the source to the load.
(1) Note. The elastic member usually comprises a spring
element or a torsionally flexible shaft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.471 for measuring elastic deformation to determine
tension on a stretched flexible member.
862.621 for measuring force, work or power by measuring an
elastic deformation responsive to force.
Subclass:
862.322
With rotary to linear conversion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.321. Subject
matter including means for converting a change in relative
angular displacement into linear motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses, for
a rotary to linear conversion means, per se.
Subclass:
862.323
Using a flowing fluid (e.g., using a shaft mounted nozzle and
baffle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.321. Subject
matter wherein the deflection or distortion is sensed by
detecting a change in a characteristic of a fluid in motion.
Subclass:
862.324
Using a light sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.321. Subject
matter wherein the deflection or distortion is sensed by
detecting a change in a characteristic of a radiated ray or
reflected beam of light.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a measuring
device using invisible light which produces light modified by
a force being applied and wherein the modified light is
further measured.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for testing using visible light and involving no other
manipulations other than those necessary for an optical
test.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for an optical device, per se.
Subclass:
862.325
Using an electrical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.321. Subject
matter including a sensing means for converting the
deflection or distortion of the elastic member into an
electrical current or voltage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.324 for determining a reaction force by measuring
elastic deformation by use of photoelectric sensing means.
Subclass:
862.326
Phase angle detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.325. Subject
matter wherein a time relationship of electrical signals
which is indicative of the angular position of spaced
sections of the elastic member is sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 83, for phase
measuring and indicating, per se.
Subclass:
862.327
Vernier type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.326. Subject
matter wherein the electrical signals have slightly different
frequencies and the number of full cycles of one signal
between a time reference point and a phase coincidence with
the other signal is sensed.
Subclass:
862.328
By plural toothed or notched sensing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.326. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means comprises a pair of rotating
elements having regular projections or indentations on the
circumference thereof.
Subclass:
862.329
Interlaced teeth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.328. Subject
matter wherein the teeth of one rotating element extend
between the teeth of the other rotating element.
Subclass:
862.331
Inductance or reluctance sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.325. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means is responsive to either (a)
the change of a property of an electrical circuit by which an
electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of
current either in the circuit itself or in a neighboring
circuit, or (b) the change in a property of an electric
nonconductor that permits the storage of energy as a result
of the displacement when opposite surfaces of the
nonconductor is maintained at a different potential.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
779 for measuring strain using inductance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
pressure responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
862.332
Variable air gap in a magnetic core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.331. Subject
matter wherein the change is caused by a variation in a
spacing between relatively movable parts of a magnetic core.
Subclass:
862.333
Detecting magnetostrictive or magnetoelastic property:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.331. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means senses a change in a
magnetic property of; (a) the elastic member, or (b) a layer
on the elastic member, or (c) an element encircling and
rigidly attached to the torque transmitting member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
779 for measuring stress in a specimen which causes a
variation in the strength of magnetic flux intercepted by a
sensor or a change in reluctance of a magnetic circuit
including a sensor and wherein the specimen is mechanically
coupled to the sensor.
862.69 for a force measuring device sensing a magnetic
property of a stressed member.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 209 for
stress measurement by a magnetic field in which a specimen
directly interacts with the magnetic field.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 20 for a magnetostrictive
device, per se.
Subclass:
862.334
Grooved or slotted torsion shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.333. Subject
matter wherein the torque transmitting member is a torsion
shaft having a groove or a slot on the surface thereof.
Subclass:
862.335
Magnetic sleeve or layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.333. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects a change in the
magnetic property of the layer or the rigidly attached
element.
Subclass:
862.336
Particular constituent:
Subject matter under 862.335 wherein at least one constituent
of a material comprising the layer or the rigidly attached
element is specified.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 62.51 for a magnetic
composition, per se.
Subclass:
862.337
Capacitance sensor:
Subject matter under 862.325 wherein the sensing means is
responsive to a change in a property of an electric
nonconductor that permits the storage of energy as a result
of the displacement when opposite surfaces of the
nonconductor are maintained at a different potential.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
780 for using a capacitor for measuring stress, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
pressure responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
862.338
Resistance strain gage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.325. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
change in electrical resistance of a sensing means comprising
an electrical conductor or semiconductor that is stressed by
the deflection or distortion of the torque transmitting
member.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a disclosure of
strain detecting means affixed to a surface of the elastic
member is presumed to be of the resistive type unless
otherwise stated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for determining stress or strain of a test specimen with
a strain gage.
862.044 862.045, 862.474, and 862.627+, for torque or force
responsive devices having elastically deformable members
using resistance strain gages.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weigher using a
strain gage.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for a resistance
strain gage, per se.
Subclass:
862.339
With noncontact coupling (e.g., rotary transformer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.338. Subject
matter comprising a stationary electrical circuit
nonmechanically connected to the sensing means.
Subclass:
862.37
By measuring the fluid pressure of a hydraulic coupling:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.191+ wherein the sensing
means senses the fluid pressure of a fluid coupling that
transmits the torque to the load.
Subclass:
862.381
Responsive to force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862. Subject matter
for measuring or determining force, work or power comprising
sensing means responsive to a load or reaction force applied
along a particular axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117.4 for measurement of engine thrust.
152.48 for a downhole apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring force during drilling.
152.49 for a nondownhole-type apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring force during drilling.
152.59 for a downhole-type apparatus for determining a
characteristic of a borehole, a well casing, or a drill
rigging by measuring a response due to force while drilling
is not taking place.
172 for orthopedic pressure distribution.
379 for measuring a force exerted by animals.
862.041 for dynamometers comprising means responsive to
plural forces.
865.4 for investigating forces or motion involved in a
specific bodily activity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, appropriate subclasses, for a force
responsive measuring device having a claimed platform.
Subclass:
862.382
With detail of overload protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.381. Subject
matter wherein significance is attributed to a means for
guarding against damage to the measuring means once the
applied load exceeds a safe load for which the measuring
means has been rated.
Subclass:
862.391
To determine tension on a flexible element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.381. Subject
matter wherein the determination of the force is indicative
of the tautness of a line, belt, web or the like flexible
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.07 for measuring tension at plural, laterally spaced
points.
Subclass:
862.392
By measuring axial force or stretch:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.391. Subject
matter wherein the tension is determined by measuring the
longitudinal force along or the elongation of the flexible
element.
Subclass:
862.393
Pulling force on an anchoring device:
Subject matter under 862.392 wherein the tension is
determined by measuring a force which is exerted on means
used to firmly hold one end of the flexible element.
Subclass:
862.41
By measuring vibrations (e.g., resonant frequency):
Subject matter under subclasses 862.391+ wherein the flexible
element is vibrated and the sensing means senses the
amplitude or frequency of the vibrations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
517 581, 704, 778, and 862.59, for other measuring devices
comprising vibratory flexible elements.
Subclass:
862.42
By applying a measured tensioning force:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.391+ comprising
tensioning means for applying a stretching force to the
flexible element which is sensed by the sensing means.
Subclass:
862.43
Racket stringing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.42. Subject
matter used for tensioning the strings of sporting rackets.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, subclass 534 for a
tennis racket having adjustable string-tensioning means and
subclasses 556 and 557 for an accessory device used for
stringing a tennis racket or for an accessory device for
stretching the strings of a tennis racket.
Subclass:
862.44
With winding or reeling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.42. Subject
matter wherein the tensioning means comprises a rotatable
drum or spool and the flexible element is wrapped
therearound.
Subclass:
862.451
By measuring deflection or a deflecting force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.391. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects either (a) the
deflection of the element produced by a predetermined
deflecting force, or (b) a deflecting force required to
produce a predetermined deflection.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, pulleys,
rollers, and the like means for guiding a traveling flexible
element comprise deflecting means that produce a
predetermined deflection.
Subclass:
862.452
For testing racket stringing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.451. Subject
matter wherein the element comprises strings of a racket.
Subclass:
862.453
For testing a drive belt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.451. Subject
matter wherein the element comprises the belt of a mechanical
drive.
Subclass:
862.454
Using a fluid for deflection or force measuring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.451. Subject
matter wherein a liquid or gas material is used to either
deflect the element or to measure the deflection of the
element.
Subclass:
862.46
With angular deflection:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.451+ wherein the
deflecting means applies a force-couple to opposite sides of
the flexible element to angularly deflect a longitudinal
segment thereof about a transverse axis.
Subclass:
862.471
Using an elastically deformable force measuring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.451. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects the deflection or
distortion of an elastic member which is stressed by the
deflecting force.
Subclass:
862.472
With pivoted deflecting member between spaced guides or
supports:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.471. Subject
matter wherein the deflecting force is produced by a
deflecting means rotatable about an axis and located between
spaced members which contact the element.
Subclass:
862.473
Electrical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.471. Subject
matter wherein the deflection or distortion of the elastic
member is converted into an electrical current or voltage by
the sensing means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.325 for measuring torque by use of an elastically
deformable member having electrical sensing means.
862.625 for determining force by measuring elastic
deformation by use of an electrical sensor.
Subclass:
862.474
Resistance strain gage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.473. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
change in electrical resistance of a sensing means comprising
an electrical conductor or semiconductor that is stressed by
the deflection or the distortion of the elastic member.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass, a disclosure of
strain detecting means affixed to a surface of the elastic
member is presumed to be of the resistive type unless
otherwise stated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for determining stress or strain of a test specimen with
a strain gage.
862.044 862.045, 862.338+, and 862.627+, for other torque or
force measuring devices using an elastically deformable
member combined with a resistive strain gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weigher using a
strain gage.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for a strain
gage, per se.
Subclass:
862.49
To determine axial thrust on a rotating machine element:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ for measuring the
force acting along the axis of rotation of a rotating machine
component.
(1) Note. The sensing means usually coacts with a thrust
bearing for the rotating component.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.31 for measuring torque by sensing the axial thrust on
transmission gears.
Subclass:
862.51
With recording means:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ comprising means for
making a permanent record of the measured force, power or
work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
346, Recorders, appropriate subclasses for recorder
structure.
Subclass:
862.52
With variable capacity or sensitivity:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ wherein the
measuring range or responsiveness of the sensing means is
adjustable.
Subclass:
862.53
With detection of specific force value or condition (e.g.,
peak force):
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ comprising means for
indicating (a) the maximum value of the applied force, or (b)
when the applied force attains a desired value or condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.01 for indicating the force required to release a force
biased connection.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 665 for indicating systems
responsive to force or stress.
Subclass:
862.541
Combined:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.381. Subject
matter combined with structure of a device classifiable
elsewhere, per se, but wherein only so much of said device is
included as is necessary to define the force, work, or power
to be measured or determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.49 for dynamometers combined with rotating machine
elements or thrust bearings.
862.391 for dynamometers combined with structure for
tensioning or deflecting a flexible element.
Subclass:
862.542
With jack or press:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.541. Subject
matter wherein the device is a jack or a press.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 99 for a press whose details are
disclosed beyond that which is necessary to define the force,
work, or power to be measured in combination with a testing
means.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling
Force, appropriate subclasses for a jack, per se.
Subclass:
862.543
With pumping unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.541. Subject
matter wherein the device is a pump.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, appropriate subclasses for a pump including more
detail than that necessary to describe a force measurement
being made.
Subclass:
862.55
With pressure applying roller (e.g., mill roll):
Subject matter under subclasses 862.541+ wherein the device
comprises at least one rotatable cylinder and the sensing
means senses the compressive force between the cylinder and
an opposing surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.451 for rotatable rolls for deflecting a travelling
flexible element.
Subclass:
862.56
With hoisting means:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.541+ wherein the device
comprises means for applying a vertical lifting force to a
suspended load.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.391 for determining the tension of hoisting ropes or
cables.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 147, for weighers with
hoists.
212, Traversing Hoists, subclass 283 for hoists with
weighers.
Subclass:
862.57
With towing means:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.541+ wherein the device
comprises means for applying a tractive force to a mobile
load.
Subclass:
862.581
By measuring a fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.381. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by sensing hydraulic
or pneumatic pressure which is indicative of the applied load
or force.
(1) Note. The force is represented by the fluid pressure
sensed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
700 for fluid pressure gages, per se.
Subclass:
862.582
Using a load responsive valve or restrictor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.581. Subject
matter wherein the load or force changes the opening of a
valve or a restrictor which in turn changes the fluid
pressure being sensed.
Subclass:
862.583
Pneumatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.582. Subject
matter wherein the fluid is a gas.
Subclass:
862.584
Using a piston:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.581. Subject
matter wherein the fluid pressure being sensed affects or is
effected by the movement of a piston.
Subclass:
862.59
By measuring vibrations (e.g., resonant frequency):
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ wherein the sensing
means comprises a stressed vibratory member that produces a
mechanical oscillation having a frequency or amplitude that
is indicative of the applied force.
(1) Note. Usually, the applied force changes the resonant
frequency of the member and the frequency is measured
electrically.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.29 for an accelerometer having an inertia mass and
including a sensor having a vibrating element.
651 704, 778, and 862.41, for other measuring devices having
a stressed vibratory member.
Subclass:
862.61
By measuring a counterbalancing or restoring force:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ comprising a member
that is displaceable by the applied force and wherein the
sensing means inhibits displacement of the member by exerting
an equal and opposite force thereon, whereby the magnitude of
the force exerted by the sensing means in indicative of the
applied force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
514.17 for a null balance accelerometer including a specific
type of electric or magnetic sensor.
701 for null balance pressure gages.
862.581 for null balance dynamometers that employ a fluid
pressure readout.
Subclass:
862.621
By measuring elastic deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.381. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects the deflection or
the distortion of an elastic member which is stressed by the
applied force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.321 for means measuring torque, work or power comprising
elastically deformable force measuring means.
862.391 and 862.471, for tension measuring dynamometers
comprising elastically deformable force measuring means.
862.581 for fluid pressure means used to measure elastic
deformation.
862.59 for vibratory means used to measure elastic
deformation.
862.636 for details of an elastic member whose distortion or
deflection due to stress applied by a force is sensed by the
sensing means.
Subclass:
862.622
With compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.621. Subject
matter including means for offsetting an undesirable
influence on or in the means for making the determination.
Subclass:
862.623
Temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.622. Subject
matter wherein the influence which is being offset is
temperature.
Subclass:
862.624
Using a light sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.621. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means detects a change in a
characteristic of a radiating or reflected beam of light in
order to determine elastic deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for a measuring
device using invisible light which produces light modified by
a force being applied and wherein the modified light is
further measured.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses
for testing using visible light and involving no other
manipulations other than those necessary for an optical
test.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements
appropriate subclasses for an optical device, per se
Subclass:
862.625
Using a specific type of electrical sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.621. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means is responsive to a change in
a particular electrical parameter.
(1) Note. Electromagnetic and photoelectric sensing means
are included in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.325 for other elastically deformable members having
electrical sensing means.
866.5 for a probe or probe mounting, per se.
Subclass:
862.626
Inductance or capacitance sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.625. Subject
matter wherein the sensing means is responsive to either (a)
the change of a property of an electrical circuit by which an
electromotive force is induced in it by a variation of
current either in the circuit itself or in a neighboring
circuit, or (b) the change in a property of an electric
nonconductor that permits the storage of energy as a result
of the displacement when opposite surfaces of the
nonconductor is maintained at a different potential.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
779 for measuring strain using inductance.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 30 for a condition
responsive inductor, per se.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 280 for a
pressure responsive capacitor, per se.
Subclass:
862.627
Resistance strain gage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.625. Subject
matter wherein the determination is made by measuring a
change in electrical resistance of a sensing means comprising
an electrical conductor or semiconductor that is stressed by
the deflection or distortion of the elastic member.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a disclosure of
strain detecting means affixed to a surface of the elastic
member is presumed to be of the resistive type unless
otherwise stated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
763 for determining stress or strain of a test specimen with
a strain gage.
862.044 862.045, 862.338+, and 862.474, for other torque or
force measuring devices using a resistance strain gage.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 211 for a weigher using a
strain gage.
338, Electrical Resistors, subclasses 2-6 for a strain
gage, per se.
Subclass:
862.628
Including a specific type of electrical circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.627. Subject
matter wherein an arrangement of electrical elements
connected to the sensing means is specified.
Subclass:
862.629
Specific type of elastic member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.627. Subject
matter wherein a shape of or a physical property of the
elastic member is specified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.636 for a specific type of elastic member for measuring
applied force and which is not combined with a specific
electrical sensor.
Subclass:
862.631
Axle or pivot pin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.629. Subject
matter wherein the force being determined is applied to the
elastic member by an element rotatively or pivotally mounted
thereon.
Subclass:
862.632
Flexible element (e.g., beam, plate, or web):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.629. Subject
matter wherein the elastic member comprises an element whose
flexing or bending due to the applied force causes the stress
in the conductor or semiconductor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.629 for an elastic element which undergoes torsion or
twisting.
Subclass:
862.633
Parallel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.632. Subject
matter wherein the flexible element comprises two members
each having a main longitudinal axis extending parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.638 for a parallel beam, plate or web type flexible
element whose deformation is a measure of an applied force
and which is not combined with a resistance strain gage.
Subclass:
862.634
Cantilever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.632. Subject
matter wherein the flexible element comprises a projecting
portion having only one end thereof fixedly attached to a
support therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.639 for detail of a cantilever type flexible element
whose flexing or bending is a measure of the applied force
and which is not combined with a resistance strain gage.
Subclass:
862.635
Closed loop (e.g., ring or tube):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.629. Subject
matter wherein the flexible element is a hollow symmetrically
shaped body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.642 for detail of a closed loop flexible element whose
flexing or bending is a measure of the applied force and
which is not combined with resistance strain gage.
Subclass:
862.636
Specific type of elastic member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.621. Subject
matter wherein the shape or the physical property of the
elastic member is specified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.629 for a specific type of elastic member whose
deformation is measured by a resistance strain gage.
Subclass:
862.637
Flexible element (e.g., beam, plate, or web):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.636. Subject
matter wherein the elastic member flexes or bends due the
applied force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.632 for an elastic element combined with a resistance
strain gage for measuring applied force.
862.636 for an element which undergoes torsion or twisting.
Subclass:
862.638
Parallel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.637. Subject
matter wherein the flexible element comprises two portions
each having a main longitudinal axis extending parallel to
the longitudinal axis of the other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.633 for other parallel flexible elements whose
deformation is measured by a resistance strain gage in order
to indicate the applied force.
Subclass:
862.639
Cantilever:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.637. Subject
matter wherein the flexible element comprises a projecting
portion having only one end thereof fixedly attached to a
support therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.634 for detail of a cantilever type flexible element
whose flexing or bending is sensed by a resistance strain
gage in order to indicate the applied force.
Subclass:
862.641
Helical or spiral:
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.636. Subject
matter wherein the elastic member is of a helical or spiral
shape.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.629 for a specific type of elastic member combined with
a resistance strain gage to measure applied force.
Subclass:
862.642
Closed loop (e.g., ring or tube):
This subclass is indented under subclass 862.636. Subject
matter wherein the elastic member is a hollow symmetrically
shaped body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.635 for a closed loop type of flexible element combined
with a resistance strain gage for measuring an applied
force.
Subclass:
862.68
By measuring electrical properties:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ wherein the sensing
means senses an electrical property of a member that is
stressed by the applied force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
862.59 for sensing vibrations electrically.
862.625 for sensing elastic deformation electrically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 600 for measuring
electrical properties.
Subclass:
862.69
By measuring magnetic properties:
Subject matter under subclasses 862.381+ wherein the sensing
means senses a magnetic property of a member that is stressed
by the applied force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, 200 for measuring
magnetic properties.
Subclass:
863
SAMPLER, SAMPLE HANDLING, ETC.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for obtaining a predetermined portion of a
mass of material to be tested.
(1) Note. The portion of a mass of material of this subclass
type may be predetermined by volume, volumetric ratio of the
portion to the total mass, composition or condition of the
mass.
(2) Note. This is the generic locus for sampling, and, as
such, includes the following subject matter not provided for
elsewhere: (a) treatment of samples in preparation for
analysis; (b) transporting or handling previously obtained
samples in preparation for analysis; and (c) introducing
previously obtained samples into analyzers.
(3) Note. Subject matter similar to subject matter of this
subclass type in proximate function (i.e., obtaining a
predetermined portion of a mass of material) but differing in
ultimate function (i.e., to be tested) is classified herein
if not classifiable elsewhere, e.g., "tollers".
(4) Note. A sampler combined with a test apparatus or art
device is classified with the test apparatus or art device.
(5) Note. Patents issued before 1940 have been placed
hereunder by total disclosure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for a gas analysis combined with isolation of particles
from a gas.
61.55 for a chromatos:graphic liquid analyzer combined with
sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation.
61.59 for a liquid analyzer determining the content or the
effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture combined with
detail of sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation.
61.68 for a liquid analyzer for determining sedimentation
rate of a liquid suspension and including detail of sampling,
sample handling, or sample preparation.
64.56 for a liquid or liquid suspension analyzer including a
sampler, constituent separation, sample handling, or sample
preparation.
152.07 for a borehole formation logging being made by
measuring density, porosity, or permeability by core sample
analysis.
152.09 for a borehole formation logging being made by
measuring oil, gas, or water saturation by core sample
analysis.
152.11 for a borehole formation logging being made by
measuring a characteristic of a core sample.
152.23 for determining a characteristic of a borehole, a
casing, or a drill rigging by sampling combined with (a)
measuring a flow rate of fluid or (b) analyzing a fluid.
170.01 for measurement of atmospheric or oceanos:graphic
phenomena combined with sampling the atmosphere or ocean.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, Bath, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, for a urine or feces
sampler combined with a toilet or means to attach the sampler
to the toilet.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for a sampling process
wherein a step of causing or promoting a chemical reaction,
or regulating or controlling a chemical reaction, are
claimed.
30, Cutlery, subclass 174 for coring-type cutting tools
having plural cooperating blades.
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 126.4 for distance
measuring devices of the sounding type having sampling
means.
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, 185 for subject
matter of that class type combined with sampling means.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for gas separation apparatus,
per se, and subclass 413 for gas separation apparatus with
sampling means.
119, Animal Husbandry, 14.01 for milking machines.
128, Surgery, 749 and 760+ for body fluid samplers having
means to contact the living body.
137, Fluid Handling, generally and especially 561 for other
fluid-handling systems.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, for a device or method of filling a receiver
which is not part of a sampling system. Note in particular
21, 29, 110, and 130.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30, for a
combination of a concentrating evaporator vessel with means
for withdrawing a quantity of liquid for examination.
166, Wells, for an apparatus or method for sampling well
fluids (including gas), particularly 107, 142+, 162+, and
264.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 232, 244+ and 308+ for
means to receive and retain a sample from the formation,
including solid earth, in an earth-boring tool.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, 513 for
gravitational separators; especially subclasses 514+ for milk
and cream separators.
222, Dispensing, for subject matter of that class type which
may include an apparatus or process for obtaining a
predetermined portion of material from a mass but not for
testing purposes. See also the note to Class 222 in this
class (73), subclass 864.01, Pipettes.
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 288 for mass spectrometers
with sample supply.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, 317 for a seal combined with an indicator,
sampler, or inspection feature.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, 36 for subject matter of
that class type including sample preparation; and subclasses
244+ for sample holders.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 157 for a
thermometer combined with a sample cup; and subclass 140 for
a molten metal lance which may include a sample chamber.
417, Pumps, for sample pumps, per se.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for a sampler
wherein means for causing, promoting, regulating or
controlling a chemical reaction are claimed.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 309.1
for inoculators, streakers, or samplers adapted for use with
microorganisms and enzymes; and subclass 288.6 for a
microorganism or enzyme measuring and testing apparatus
including a column separation means.
604, Surgery, 181 for syringes.
CAPTURE ELEMENT
That structure which physically contacts the source to
separate it into sample and residue portions.
RESIDUE
The portion of the source that remains after the sample is
removed.
SOURCE
The material or bulk from which the sample is removed.
SAMPLE
A portion of material which is physically separated from the
source.
SAMPLING SYSTEM
A complete sampling system includes a capture device, a
transport or handling means, and a receiver.
Subclass:
863.01
Automatic control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
combined with a sensing element for sensing a condition of
the source or sample, and means to modify the operation of
the sampler in response thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, 87 for self-proportioning or
correlating fluid-handling systems.
Subclass:
863.02
Quantity or rate of flow responsive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.01. Subject
matter wherein the condition sensed is either the source flow
volume or source speed relative to the sampler.
(1) Note. The sensor is frequently a pressure or
level-responsive element.
Subclass:
863.03
Rate of sample flow continuously controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.02. Subject
matter including means to constantly control the rate of
movement of the sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.02 for quantity or rate of flow-responsive samplers with
means controlling the frequency of sample-taking events.
Subclass:
863.11
With heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
including means to actively change or maintain the
temperature of the source or sample.
(1) Note. The use of heat insulation alone is insufficient
basis for classification in this subclass.
(2) Note. A sampler which changes or maintains the
temperature of a sample due to eutectic or latent heat (phase
change) is included here, but a device utilizing solely the
thermal capacity of thick-walled molds are found in
subclasses 864.53+.
Subclass:
863.12
And separation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.11. Subject
matter further including isolation of individual components
of the source or sample.
(1) Note. The separation may or may not be enhanced by the
heating or cooling, as by a change of state of one or more of
the components; for example, condensation, vaporization,
freezing, etc.
Subclass:
863.21
With constituent separation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
including isolation of individual components of the source or
sample.
(1) Note. The isolating means can, in itself, be a capture
element or merely be a means to further refine the source or
sample.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclass 232 for a
process of gas sampling involving the use of sorbents or
chemical treatment.
96, Gas Separation: Apparatus, for gas separation apparatus,
per se, and subclass 413 for gas separation apparatus with
sampling means.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, 83 for an apparatus
for gas sampling involving use of sorbents or chemical
treatment.
Subclass:
863.22
Particle impact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.21. Subject
matter wherein separation is accomplished by directing a
fluid current containing particles toward a solid surface,
the isolated particles remaining on the surface.
Subclass:
863.23
Sieve, filter, or semipermeable membrane:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.21. Subject
matter including a barrier having interstices, pores or
micropores through which at least part of the source or
sample flows but which trap some components of the flow,
usually particulate.
Subclass:
863.24
Cleaning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.23. Subject
matter having means to remove particulate matter from the
barrier.
Subclass:
863.25
Changing feature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.23. Subject
matter having means to facilitate replacement of the
barrier.
Subclass:
863.31
Plural parallel systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
including more than one sampling system.
(1) Note. A multiplicity of at least two components is
required; for example, plural capture elements feeding
separate transport or handling means leading to a receiver is
included here, while a single tube (transport means) having a
plurality of sidewall openings (capture elements) is not
included.
(2) Note. Plural systems in series, that is, a system for
taking a primary sample and subsequently taking a secondary
sample from the primary sample, are not included here.
Subclass:
863.32
Pipette:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.31. Subject
matter wherein the plural capture elements are tubes
sufficiently small to retain liquid against the pull of
gravity by surface tension.
Subclass:
863.33
Plural capture, single receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.31. Subject
matter wherein the separately captured samples are fed to a
common receiver.
Subclass:
863.41
Flow divider, deflector, or interceptor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
wherein a capture element separates a sample from a moving
source by utilizing the kinetic energy of the source.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes a
capture element which deflects the residue and allows the
sample to continue undisturbed.
(2) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type does not
include a capture device which would not function without a
moving source.
Subclass:
863.42
Attached to mouth of dumpable receptacle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.41. Subject
matter wherein a capture element is mounted adjacent an
opening of a source container, the capture element sampling
material issuing from the opening as the receptacle is
inverted.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes a
sampler attached to railroad car dumping mechanisms.
Subclass:
863.43
Having precapture flow guide or homogenizer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.41. Subject
matter including means for contacting the moving source
material upstream from the capture element, the contacting
means either rendering the flow pattern more uniform or
changing the flow direction with respect to the capture
element.
(1) Note. The contacting means can be a fluid current (e.g.,
compressed air).
(2) Note. Mere contact with a conduit or flow confining
means through which the source flows in an undisturbed manner
is not sufficient for classification herein.
Subclass:
863.44
Oscillating or reciprocating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.43. Subject
matter wherein the contacting means is mounted for back and
forth movement.
Subclass:
863.45
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.43. Subject
matter wherein the contacting means is mounted to pivot about
an axis for at least one revolution.
Subclass:
863.51
Having an upstream-facing-opening-type capture element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.41. Subject
matter wherein the capture element or elements define an
aperture or slot facing the direction of origin of source
flow at the time a sample is taken.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.41 for a single blade movable capture element which
deflects a sample to one side of a flowing source and the
residue to the other side.
Subclass:
863.52
With receptacle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter wherein the opening is an entrance to a container
which receives the sample.
(1) Note. Means may be provided for emptying the container
immediately upon filling.
Subclass:
863.53
Mounted for flow zone traverse:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.52. Subject
matter having means for mounting the receptacle for movement
in a path entirely across a stream of flowing material.
Subclass:
863.54
Mounted for reciprocation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter having means for mounting the capture element for back
and forth movement in a linear path into or across the stream
of flowing source material.
Subclass:
863.55
Oscillating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter having means for mounting the capture element for back
and forth movement in a substantially arcuate path into or
across the stream of source material.
Subclass:
863.56
Rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter wherein the capture element is mounted to pivot about
an axis for at least one revolution.
Subclass:
863.57
With blocking means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter having movable means adjacent the capture element
which selectively obstructs or permits capture.
Subclass:
863.58
Pitot tube type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.51. Subject
matter wherein the capture element is in the form of the end
of a conduit facing substantially upstream toward the
direction of origin of the source.
(1) Note. The sample enters the conduit and the residue
flows past its exterior.
Subclass:
863.61
Branched conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.41. Subject
matter comprising a flow-confining means which splits into at
least two paths, the sample flowing into one and the residue
flowing into another.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864 for a conduit having a three-way valve for
intermittently diverting the full flow of the source to an
alternative conduit.
Subclass:
863.71
Conduit or passageway section capture chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
comprising means to isolate a fluid sample within a finite
length of flow channel and means to withdraw the isolated
sample from the length of flow channel.
(1) Note. Source fluid normally flows through the flow
channel, and isolation means are frequently in the form of
valves at both ends of a section of the flow channel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.81 for a capture chamber movable through a conduit
wall.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, for fluid flow confining systems not
specialized to sampling.
Subclass:
863.72
Single valve unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.71. Subject
matter wherein the isolation means is a single movable
valve.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, for a valve, per se.
Subclass:
863.73
Capture chamber within valve unit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.72. Subject
matter wherein the isolatable section of flow channel is
located within the single movable valve element.
Subclass:
863.81
Withdrawing through conduit or receptacle wall:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
comprising a capture device mounted in contact with
source-confining structure to capture and transport a sample
through a wall of the confining structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.01 particularly 864.23, 864.24+ and 864.85 for pipette
devices, many of which have means for piercing a portable
receptacle closure made of elastomeric material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, subclass 30 for a sampler
combined with a closed evaporating chamber.
Subclass:
863.82
Capture element movable to plural loci:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.81. Subject
matter including a capture element which is movable to plural
locations within the source receptacle or conduit to obtain
samples at each location.
Subclass:
863.83
With metering means or pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.81. Subject
matter comprising a positive displacement means moving or
permitting movement of a sample at a controlled rate or
frequency from a capture element within the source receptacle
or conduit to an external receiver.
(1) Note. The positive displacement means can be inter alia,
an auger, expansible chamber or trap chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.02 for a sample metering means or pump responsive to a
flow sensor.
864.34 for a sample metering means or pump, per se.
Subclass:
863.84
Expansible chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.83. Subject
matter wherein the positive displacement means is a
compartment including means to change its volume.
Subclass:
863.85
Lock or seal for sampler insertion or removal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.81. Subject
matter including means to prevent loss of source fluid when
the capture device moves through the source-confining wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
86 for means to insert a test piece into a closed system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 315.01-329.4 with repair,
tapping, assembly, or disassembly means.
Subclass:
863.86
Valve or restriction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.81. Subject
matter having a conduit in communication with the source side
of the wall and means to selectively close off or to restrain
the sample flow to a receiver.
(1) Note. Remote valve actuators combined with a sampling
cup are included here.
Subclass:
863.91
Conveyor coacting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
combined with a movable source-advancing apparatus and
including a capture element for removing a sample as the
source is advanced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.41 for a sampler which obtains a sample after the source
has been discharged from a conveyor or chute.
863.51 for samplers comprising an opening in a conveyor belt
through which the sample passes as the source is loaded onto
the belt.
863.81 for a sampler for withdrawing a sample through a
source-confining wall.
864.32 for a sampler having a scoop mounted to cyclically
sample a source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for subject matter of that
class type, particularly subclass 339 for conveyors with
inspection means.
Subclass:
863.92
Integral with conveyor structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863.91. Subject
matter wherein the capture element is built into the
conveyor, functioning in cooperation with or in some cases in
place of the source-advancing means.
Subclass:
864
Capture device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
comprising a capture element for separating a sample from its
source and one other element to either transport or receive a
sample therefrom.
Subclass:
864.01
Pipette or cannula:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
wherein the capture device is a tube of sufficiently small
dimension to retain liquid therein by surface tension.
(1) Note. A pipette of general utility is included here.
(2) Note. A pipette having a point designed to penetrate a
sample container or test apparatus is included here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, for a process of using a
pipette wherein a step of causing, promoting, regulating or
controlling a chemical reaction is claimed.
128, Surgery, for similar subject matter (e.g., hypodermic
needles) designed to be used with a living body.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, 22 and 29 for a pipette combined with a
supply container.
222, Dispensing, for similar subject matter of that class
type not involving sampling; particularly subclass 420 for
drop formers.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for a pipette
wherein means to cause, promote, regulate, or control a
chemical reaction is claimed.
Subclass:
864.02
Self-filling or self-limiting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter comprising a tube of such size or material that liquid
will be drawn thereinto without application of a suction
thereto or which tends to stop filling at a predetermined
point.
(1) Note. The disclosure of such a relationship will be
sufficient for placement here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.72 for a capture element comprising a body having pores
in interstices into which liquid is drawn or held by
capillary attraction.
Subclass:
864.03
With user mouth protection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter wherein the tube includes a mouthpiece comprising
means to prevent movement of liquid to the mouthpiece when an
operator applies suction to the tube.
(1) Note. The disclosure of such a function will be
sufficient for placement here.
Subclass:
864.11
With suction applying and liquid discharge means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter having means for controlling the pressure within the
pipette to a first reduced pressure for loading the pipette
and a second higher pressure to unload the pipette.
(1) Note. The higher pressure need not be greater than
atmospheric pressure.
Subclass:
864.12
With separate diluent supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.11. Subject
matter comprising means to supply a secondary liquid, usually
a diluent, to the interior of the proximal end of the tube
for delivery through the distal end after the sample is
unloaded therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus for
mixing reagents for analysis.
Subclass:
864.13
Piston within pipette:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.11. Subject
matter wherein the pressure-controlling means is a plunger
contacting the interior walls of the tube.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.16 for similar subject matter wherein the piston is
within a cylinder which is separate from the pipette.
Subclass:
864.14
With particular connection or release means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.11. Subject
matter including a connector between the pipette and the
suction pressure applying means which either includes a
particular sealing feature or a means for disconnecting the
two parts.
Subclass:
864.15
With valve for connection to external pressure source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.11. Subject
matter wherein the pressure-controlling means includes a
means to open or close communication to a pressure source or
ambient air.
(1) Note. An opening intended to be closed by an operator's
finger is included here.
Subclass:
864.16
Piston and cylinder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.11. Subject
matter wherein the suction applying and liquid discharge
means is a sliding piece closely fitting within a tubular
vessel to form an expansible chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.13 for similar subject matter wherein the cylinder is a
pipette.
Subclass:
864.17
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.16. Subject
matter including more than one piston and cylinder expansible
chamber.
Subclass:
864.18
Plural or adjustable limit stops:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.16. Subject
matter including means for changing the stroke of the piston
with respect to the cylinder so that the change of size of
the expansible chamber can be varied.
Subclass:
864.21
With sample supply to analyzer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter including means to introduce or inject the sample
captured by the pipette to or into an analyzer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.81 for a device, per se, which supplies or injects a
sample to or into an analyzer.
Subclass:
864.22
With pipette contacting second fluid supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter having means either integral with or embracing the
pipette for providing a fluid other than the sample.
(1) Note. The second fluid is usually for cleaning or
rinsing the tube, or diluting or dividing the sample into
segments.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.12 for pipettes with interior diluent supply means.
864.25 for sampling devices wherein the tube is mounted for
both longitudinal movement and transverse movement, the
transverse movement being to a position to pick up a
secondary fluid.
Subclass:
864.23
Pipette fixed; source movable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter having a nonmovable pipette, and a receptacle
containing a source mounted for movement relative to the
pipette.
Subclass:
864.24
Pipette longitudinally movable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.01. Subject
matter wherein the pipette is mounted for movement
substantially lengthwise.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, subclass 130 for an apparatus which fills
successive receivers from a continuously flowing source.
Subclass:
864.25
And transversely movable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.24. Subject
matter wherein the pipette is additionally mounted for
movement substantially transverse to its longitudinal axis.
Subclass:
864.31
With capture device transporter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
including means for mounting the capture device for movement
alternately between a position to contact and capture a
sample from source to a remote delivery location (receiver).
(1) Note. A mere handle, line or lead to be grasped by an
operator is not included here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.81 for structure for moving a capture device through a
containment wall.
Subclass:
864.32
Cyclically operated scoop:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.31. Subject
matter wherein the capture device is an open-topped
receptacle mounted for repetitive travel from the sample
capture location to the sample delivery location (receiver).
Subclass:
864.33
Capture by fluid current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
comprising means for directing a fluid current toward a
source material so that the sample is captured and entrained
therein for transport to a receiver.
Subclass:
864.34
Sample meter or pump:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
including a device comprising a positive displacement means
moving or permitting movement of the sample at a controlled
rate or frequency from a capture element to a receiver.
(1) Note. Examples of displacement devices are a screw
conveyor, an expansible chamber, trap chamber, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.02 for meters or pumps driven by flow-responsive means.
863.83 for sample metering or pumping devices combined with
a source containment means.
Subclass:
864.35
Chamber with alternate pressure or vacuum applier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.34. Subject
matter having a chamber and means to sequentially apply at
least two different pressures to the chamber.
(1) Note. Usually during the application of the lower
pressure or vacuum the sample flows into the chamber and
during the application of the higher pressure the sample
flows out of the chamber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
417, Pumps, 118 for pumps, per se.
Subclass:
864.41
Cutter, tearer, or scraper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
wherein the capture element is a means to cut, tear, or
scrape a sample from its source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 919 for a cross-reference art
collection of sample-taking by cutting.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, for samplers of the
earth.
Subclass:
864.42
Jaw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.41. Subject
matter wherein the cutting or tearing element is opposable
members that sever material.
Subclass:
864.43
Auger or drill:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.41. Subject
matter wherein the cutting or tearing element is a cutting
edge usually at the end of a helical blade rotatable about an
axis which cuts across the full cross section of the sample
as it advances into the source.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for
augers, drills, etc., per se.
Subclass:
864.44
Corer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.41. Subject
matter wherein the cutting or tearing element cuts only the
periphery of the sample as it is advanced into the source
material, leaving a sample in the form of an undisturbed,
central portion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 403 and the search
there noted for a bit for cutting an earth core.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, 204 for
other corer.
Subclass:
864.45
With corer advancing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.44. Subject
matter including means to move the corer along its length.
Subclass:
864.51
Receptacle type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
comprising a container which is either integral with a
capture element or acts in itself as a capture element.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this and indented subclasses
usually captures a sample in a single event.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.31 for a capture receptacle combined with a transport
means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, subclass 110 for ladles.
166, Wells, 162 and the subclasses there noted for a
receptacle for sampling well fluid; and subclass 264 for a
process of sampling well fluid.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 308 for an
earth-boring tool combined with a receptacle to catch the
earth cuttings.
Subclass:
864.52
Preevacuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.51. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle is a chamber which has been
evacuated prior to its use as a sampler.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, subclass 163, for receptacles with separate air
chambers for sucking in well fluid.
Subclass:
864.53
Mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.51. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle is in the form of a cavity for
receiving a liquid sample which solidifies therein to form a
solid sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.11 for a sampler having a cooling means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, for molds of general utility.
Subclass:
864.54
With suction applier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.53. Subject
matter having means for applying a reduced pressure to the
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.11 for a pipette sampler having a separate
suction-applying means.
864.52 for a sampler wherein the receiving chamber is
preevacuated.
Subclass:
864.55
With diminutive fill passageway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.53. Subject
matter wherein the mold cavity has an opening or conduit of
reduced cross section through which liquid flows before
solidifying in the cavity.
Subclass:
864.56
Mating sections:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.55. Subject
matter wherein the mold is formed by plural separable
elements each of which has a recess which together form a
mold cavity.
Subclass:
864.57
Labyrinth:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.56. Subject
matter wherein the mold includes additional chambers or
passageways to form a complex sample structure.
Subclass:
864.58
With sample conditioner:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.53. Subject
matter having means for altering the condition of the sample
before, after or during its flow into the mold chamber.
Subclass:
864.59
With holder or connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.33. Subject
matter having means to hold the mold or connect it to a
manipulative handle.
Subclass:
864.61
Fluid displacement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.51. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle contains a fluid immiscible
with the sample, and the sample is caused to enter the
container by controlled removal of the fluid (can be air)
from the receptacle.
Subclass:
864.62
Expansible chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.51. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle includes means to change its
volume.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
166, Wells, 107 for receptacles with pump or plunger means
for sampling well fluid.
Subclass:
864.63
With valve or closure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.51. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle is combined with means to close
an opening in the receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, 200 for a receptacle closure, per se.
251, Valves and Valve Actuation, for valves, per se.
Subclass:
864.64
Side opening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.63. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle comprises a tubular element and
the valve includes a side opening in the tubular element.
(1) Note. Concentric tubes having alignable openings are
included here.
Subclass:
864.65
Contact actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.63. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle valve is actuated by means
responsive to impinging upon an object.
(1) Note. Included herein are fluid samplers which capture a
sample upon hitting the bottom of an ocean, lake, river,
tank, etc.
Subclass:
864.66
Support force or inertia actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.63. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle valve is actuated by means
responsive to the tension or change in tension of the
receptacle support structure.
(1) Note. Usually the valve is actuated by a jerk on a
string.
Subclass:
864.67
Messenger actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.63. Subject
matter wherein the receptacle valve is actuated by a separate
element released by an operator.
(1) Note. Included here is a weight slidable upon a support
cable. which travels from the operator to the sampler.
Subclass:
864.71
Material for particulate adhesion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
wherein the capture element contains a material to which
sample dust sticks.
Subclass:
864.72
Capillary attraction retention:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
wherein the capture element is a body having pores or
interstices into which liquid is drawn and held by capillary
attraction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.02 for a pipette which utilizes capillary attraction.
Subclass:
864.73
Conduit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864. Subject matter
wherein the capture devices comprises a tube through which a
sample is drawn to a receiver.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.58 for Pitot tube type flow deflectors.
864.33 for similar devices for entraining sample material in
a fluid current.
864.44 for a cylindrical coring device having a cutting
edge.
864.61 for pipettes.
Subclass:
864.74
With penetrating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.73. Subject
matter wherein the end of the conduit is provided with means
to penetrate a substantially solid material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.85 for sampling from a containment means through a
septum seal by means of a pointed cannula.
Subclass:
864.81
Analyzer supplier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
comprising means to introduce a previously obtained sample
into a testing apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.21 for a pipette-type capture device combined with means
to inject the sample into a analyzer.
Subclass:
864.82
Having sample capsule support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.81. Subject
matter wherein the means to introduce includes means for
supporting a sample capsule and means to penetrate or
fracture the capsule to release the sample to the analyzer.
Subclass:
864.83
Having sample confining chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.81. Subject
matter wherein the means to introduce includes a sample
isolating compartment and valve means to release the sample
from the compartment to the analyzer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.71 for samplers in which a conduit section is isolated
to capture a sample, many of which introduce the captured
sample into an analyzer.
Subclass:
864.84
Connector for separable holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.83. Subject
matter having means to connect a separate sample holder to
the chamber so that the sample to be analyzed can be
transferred from the sample holder to the chamber.
(1) Note. A pipette or tube which merely dips into a
receptacle containing a sample is not included here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.85 for means to connect a separate sample holder
directly to an analyzer.
Subclass:
864.85
Connector for separable holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.81. Subject
matter having means to connect a separate sample holder
directly to an analyzer input.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.84 for means to connect a separate sample holder to a
sample confining chamber.
Subclass:
864.86
Septum structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.85. Subject
matter wherein the means to connect the separate holder is a
continuous membrane intended to be pierced by a hollow
needle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
863.85 for sampling from containment means through a
septum.
864.84 and 864.87, for a sample supply device which may
include a septum as part of a connector.
Subclass:
864.87
Syringe with connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 864.85. Subject
matter wherein the sample holder includes a contractible
section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.21 for a pipette-type capture device combined with means
to inject the sample into an analyzer.
Subclass:
864.91
Sample holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 863. Subject matter
comprising means for receiving and storing a sample.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
864.51 for a sample holder operatively associated with a
capture device, or which in itself acts as a capture device.
864.62 for an expansible chamber capture device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 244 for a
holder or support for a sample undergoing an optical test.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclass 102 for a
container specifically designed for use in a laboratory.
Subclass:
865
MASS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for making a quantitative determination of the
amount of matter in a body of material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for testing dimension, shape or size by the application
of fluid pressure.
156 for verification of statistical records such as holes in
cards.
157 for verification of apertures in picture film or record
strips.
163 for testing coins, which may involve testing of size or
weight.
861.5 for a device for measuring the rate of flow of a moss
of fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, for devices or processes for
making geometrical measurements.
177, Weighing Scales, subclass 51, for coin weighers which
also measure dimensions.
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass
509, for classifying and assorting special items.
453, Coin Handling, for coin sorters.
Subclass:
865.1
HUMAN STRESS LIMIT (E.G., DECOMPRESSION GAUGE FOR DIVERS):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter responsive to parameters to which humans may
be subjected for indicating the approach of theoretical
limits which they can withstand.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for gas analysis.
299 for bathometer type of hydrostatic level gauge.
384 for altimeters.
700 for pressure gauges, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 557, for time temperature relationship measuring;
and subclass 420 for climate related measuring.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 102, for time
temperature relationship measuring; and subclass 109 for
climate related measuring.
Subclass:
865.2
HYDRAULIC ALTIMETER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring the difference between a
reference elevation and an unknown elevation by means of a
pressure developed by a liquid.
(1) Note. The liquid is usually contained within a conduit
extending from the higher to the lower elevation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, subclass 377 for liquid type
horizontal or level determining devices and subclasses
366.15+ for a liquid type horizontal or level determining
device with an electrically controlled indicator.
Subclass:
865.3
TESTING BY IMPARTING MOTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which a specimen as a whole is subjected to
a predetermined movement or acceleration.
(1) Note. Included here are devices for simulating zero
gravity or high G conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.75 for proving or calibrating a device which measures an
angle, direction, or inclination.
1.79 for proving or calibrating a device which measures
displacement, movement, distance, or position.
12.01 for testing by impact or shock.
570 for vibration testing, and particularly, subclasses 662+
for vibrating a specimen.
Subclass:
865.4
ANALYZING BODILY MOVEMENT (E.G., SKILLS OR KINETICS OF
HANDWRITING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter investigation the forces or motion involved in
a specific bodily activity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172 for orthopedic pressure distribution.
379.01 for muscular strength measuring.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 774, for diagnostic for measuring the
force exerted by the body.
473, Games Using Tangible Projectile, for a practice or
training device combined with means for analyzing bodily
movement which is used by a player of a projectile game to
improve or perfect his or her skills in playing the game
(e.g., a swing training device used by a player to practice
for, or train in, swinging a baseball bat, golf club, or
tennis racket, etc.).
Subclass:
865.5
PARTICLE SIZE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for measuring diameter of small pieces of
material such as found in powder of granular of other finely
divided material. The determination may be of the average, or
the proportion of the total of each of a plurality of sizes
distributed through a range.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for determining the solid material contained in a
liquid.
61.4 for measuring the setting or filtering ability of a
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 71.4 for
counting particles in a liquid using electrical means.
Subclass:
865.6
SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT (E.G., TEST CHAMBERS):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing by surrounding a specimen with
conditions which mimic or exaggerated normal conditions which
surrounds the object which the specimen represents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for testing by abrasion, milling, rubbing or scuffing.
35.01 for measuring engine knock or detonation.
35.14 for testing of an explosive.
35.17 for a safety feature or a containment structure detail
for use while testing an explosive.
37 for testing by application of fluid pressure.
147 for wind tunnels.
148 for model basins.
150 for tests of a coating material, ink, adhesive or
plastic, some of which simulate an environment.
159 for tests of sheet material, or fabric, some of which
simulate an environment.
570 for testing by applying a vibration to a specimen.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, for test involving
thermal simulation of conditions surrounding the object being
tested.
Subclass:
865.7
TOUCH OR TASTE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for testing of materials or objects to
determine their properties utilizing either the tactual sense
or those associated with oral contact.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for the analysis of gases utilizing the sense of smell.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
128, Surgery, subclass 630 and appropriate indented
subclasses for diagnostic testing of the various senses.
Subclass:
865.8
INSPECTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for elsewhere including apparatus
or processes for sensing and signaling or indicating physical
conditions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing
means or process, 317 for a seal combined with an indicator,
sampler, or inspection feature.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 200 for
magnetic sensing; subclasses 323+ for sensing the presence or
location of small objects of a geophysical surface or
subsurface in site; subclasses 51+ for electrical fault
sensing and location; and subclasses 76.11+ for sensing
electricity, per se.
Subclass:
865.9
TESTING OF APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for investigating a tool or machine to
determine its proper functioning.
(1) Note. Included here is apparatus for simulation of the
normal actuation of the apparatus or simulation of the object
or material upon which the apparatus works.
(2) Note. Included here are monitoring devices for machines
not otherwise classified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.04 for test of shock absorbing apparatus.
52 for test of sealed receptacle.
66 for test of rotor unbalance.
112 for power plant or unit efficiency.
116 for motor or engine testing.
121 for brake testing.
146 for tire tread or roadway testing.
156 for statistical record verifying.
157 for record strip sprocket hole.
158 for testing hoisting cable.
161 for spring testing.
162 for toothed gear testing.
163 for coin tests.
164 for miner's lamp testing.
167 for ordnance or projectile testing.
168 for blower pump or hydraulic equipment testing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, for a nonelectrical signalling
means or indicating means, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, for electrical signal of
indicators responsive to a condition of and apparatus.
Subclass:
866
TESTING OF MATERIAL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for elsewhere for investigating a
substance to determine its properties.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19 for testing a material for its gas content.
23 for gas analysis.
32 for specific gravity or density determination.
36 for illuminating fluid testing.
53 for liquid or liquid suspension of solid measuring and
testing.
73 for moisture content or absorption characteristic
determining.
78 for hardness testing.
86 for embrittlement or erosion testing.
87 for ductility or brittleness testing.
104 for surface and cutting edge testing.
150 for testing of ink, adhesive or plastic coating
material.
159 for stress or strain testing.
169 for flour, dough or bread testing.
760 for stress or strain testing.
865.5 for determining particle size.
Subclass:
866.1
INSTRUMENT MECHANISM OR TRANSMISSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for transmitting or modifying a signal or
movement produced by a condition sensing element and for
applying it to an indicator or read out device.
(1) Note. The signal may be mechanical, electrical or
optical.
(2) Note. The particular sensing element is either not
specified, not otherwise provided for in Class 73, or there
are plural sensing elements which include or do not include a
sensor provided for in Class 73.
(3) Note. Included here are perfecting devices for measuring
instruments such as means for reducing the effects of
friction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430 for instrument mechanism dampening.
496 497, 498, and 530+, for speed or acceleration measuring
devices with particular transmission structure.
861.01 861.43+, 861.48, for volume or rate of flow meters
with particular transmission structure.
Subclass:
866.2
Rate of change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 866.1. Subject
matter for modifying a signal produced by a sensing element
to indicate a variation of the sensed condition during a unit
of time.
(1) Note. The particular sensing element is either not
claimed, not otherwise provided for in this class, or there
are plural sensing elements, some of which are provided for
in this class.
(2) Note. Included here are electrical, mechanical, or
pneumatic mechanisms.
(3) Note. Included here are devices which have two sensing
elements, one of which responds to changes in the sensed
condition quickly and one of which responds to the sensed
condition slowly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
179 for rate of climb meters.
514.01 for a device for utilizing an inertia element for
measuring the rate of change in speed.
861 for volume or rate of flow meters.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclass 335 for circuits having an
output proportional to a rate of change of voltage input.
Subclass:
866.3
DISPLAY OR DISPLAY DEVICE DETAILS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means which indicate a quantity of
measurement or aids in the observation thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
178 for navigation devices many of which indicate a
plurality of conditions.
291 for liquid level gauges combined with other measuring
devices.
336 for hygrometers combined with other measuring devices.
714 for pressure gauges combined with other measuring
devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 280, for diverse
indicators, per se.
340, Communications: Electrical, for electrical indicators,
per se.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, 142 for the thermometers
combined with other measuring devices.
Subclass:
866.4
SPECIMEN MODEL OR ANALOG:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for elsewhere comprising an
object having a special shape or form of or being a
representation of a test piece or simulation of the response
of an object being investigated indirectly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
147 for models of aircraft to be tested in wind tunnels.
148 for models of ships to be tested in model basins.
Subclass:
866.5
PROBE OR PROBE MOUNTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which includes structure of a measuring probe
or a mounting for a measuring probe.
(1) Note. The particular sensing element is either not
specified, not otherwise provided for in this class, or there
are plural sensing elements, none of which are provided for
in this class.
(2) Note. The mounting may be either stationary or movable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
65.06 and 65.09, for sensors for determining center of
gravity, turning moment, or metacentric height.
86 for means for mounting an erosion or embrittlement
sensing probe.
147 for means for mounting a model in a wind tunnel.
159 for means for mounting a sheet material sensing
element.
618 and 633, for means for mounting a vibration transducer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing, subclass 140, 155, and
208, for temperature sensing probes and mounting therefor.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are a collection of cross-references
of published disclosures pertaining to various specified
aspects of the measuring and testing of or by vibrations with
beamed waves which aspects do not necessarily form
appropriate bases for subclasses in the foregoing
classification (i.e., subclasses superior hereto in the
schedule). These subclasses may be of further assistance to
the searcher as a starting point in further related fields of
search either inside or outside the class. Thus, there is
here provided a second access for retrieval of a limited
number of types of disclosures.
(1) Note. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for
their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
appropriate main or secondary fields of search without regard
to their original classification.
(2) Note. The disclosures cross-referenced into the
following subclasses are examples only of the indicated
subject matter and in no instance do they represent the
entire extent of the prior art.
Subclass:
900
AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL:
Subject matter pertaining to vibration measuring or testing
with beamed waves wherein an automatic gain control is
provided to vary the gain in the receiving means to
compensate for loss of received signal due to conditions, as
attenuation by the test body, other than that which is to be
measured or indicated.
(1) Note. The gain may also be controlled in effect by
varying the power of the transmitted signal.
Subclass:
901
DIGITAL READOUT:
Subject matter pertaining to vibration measuring or testing
with beamed waves wherein the measurement is in the form of a
digital readout.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100 - FOR 105 below correspond to the
definitions of the abolished subclasses under Class 73 from
which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art
Collection schedule for specific correspondences. {Note: The
titles and definitions for indented art collections include
all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior.}
Subclass: FOR 100
Foreign art collection for investigating physical conditions
of well bores, casings and drill rigging, such as
misalignments, stuck pipe sections, drill loading factors,
determination of the proper placement of liners, determining
the rate at which drilling is proceeding, etc.
Subclass: FOR 101
Foreign art collection for measuring the rate at which the
drill cuts through the formations, or for periodically
determining the depth of the cutting tool, so that said rate
could be computed.
Subclass: FOR 102
Foreign art collection for strata identification, as by bore
hole studies of pressure derivatives or of
pressure-temperature derivatives, etc.
Subclass: FOR 103
Foreign art collection for correlating depth with occurrence
of representative sample obtained from the formation, with
conventional means or procedure for inspecting or analyzing
the sample for its oil-gas-water content or ratio.
Subclass: FOR 104
Foreign art collection for evaluating possible production
potentials from different strata, or for identifying the
geologic structure of encountered strata, by measuring the
thermal responses opposite those strata, either by direct
measurement of formation temperatures or by measuring the
temperature modification by drill mud lying opposite
different strata.
Subclass: FOR 105
Foreign art collection for ascertaining rates, directions and
magnitudes of fluid flow, either from the formation into the
bore hole or from the bore hole into the formation, under
natural or controlled pressure and/or temperature conditions.
Production indices are here included.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000