U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 072
METAL DEFORMING
Class Definition:
This is a restricted class for the art of metal deforming as
defined in this class definition.
For original placement of a patent in this class, its claimed
disclosure should meet the minimum requirements of the class
definition and should not exceed beyond the boundaries
indicated in Scope of the Class and discussed in Lines With
Other Classes.
Users of this class are urged to consult the above-noted
sections as an aid in placing patents or in locating patented
art involving metal deformation, whether in Class 72 or in
related classes.
Criteria for Placement of Documents in this class contains
useful information for the searcher with regard to location
of original patents, cross-references, and nonpatent
literature in Class 72.
Terms followed by an asterisk (*) will be found to be defined
in the Glossary. Certain very frequently appearing terms,
such as Work, Product, and Tool, are accompanied by the
asterisk only where the exact meaning of the term is deemed
particularly important.
The diagrams appearing in connection with certain defined
terms in this class definition and certain subclass
definitions are intended as aids in distinguishing among
separately classified concepts, and are not to be considered
as limitations on the structural embodiments of the defined
subject matter. The following reference characters have
uniform meanings where they appear in the diagrams.
C = Work-gripping clamp*
C-D = Closed die*
P = Product*
R = Ram or Roller* (as will be evident from the diagram)
T = Actuated tool* (may be a die)
T1, T2 = Tool couple* (at least one actuated tool)
T1, T2, T3 = Tool complex* (at least two actuated tools)
W = Work* or Blank*
(arrow) = Motion of work, tool, etc.
Class 72 is the residual locus for patents directed to a
process or apparatus for the mechanical treatment of metal
work (elemental metal or mixture of metals) in a
self-shape-sustaining state, to change the shape or size of
such work, without removal of material therefrom, (a) by the
direct application of mechanical force or pressure to the
work, or (b) by the application of energy to induce the
generation of mechanical stress within the work, which force,
pressure, or stress produces a permanent change of shape in
some portion of the work (i.e., exceeds the elastic limit of
the work).
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
Class 72 is intended to be the locus for patents directed to
a process or apparatus for the deformation of metal work by
the direct, or indirect, application of mechanical stress
thereto while the work is in a self-sustaining state (i.e.,
not powdered or melted).
Since metal deformation is typically one of a number of
differentiated steps in the manufacture of specific
commercial products, the preponderance of art discloses
metal-deformation methods, or means in combination with other
methods, or means of extraneous or nonclass type. It has,
accordingly, been found necessary to admit some such
combinations while otherwise maintaining Class 72 as a
generally restricted class. The sole positive requirement for
placement of a patent, as an original copy, in Class 72 is
its claimed disclosure of a metal-deforming process or
apparatus. A patent claiming metal deformation may, however,
be excluded from the class because of claimed extraneous
subject matter not expressly covered in the subclass titles
and definitions. Claimed subject matter which bars a patent
from original placement in Class 72 may be summarized as
follows, in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
below.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
(A) Separately claimed product of manufacture. Class 428,
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 544+
provide for stock material, e.g., of indefinite length, which
are all metal or have adjacent metal components; in
particular, subclasses 577+ provide for metallic blanks and
other intermediate articles.
(B) The presence, either alone or in combination with metal
deforming, of a recognized treatment of metal provided for in
another existing class and not appearing in a subclass title
in this class (e.g., anodizing, assembling of preforms,
casting, cathode-sputtering, chemical-machining, electron
beam, or laser-machining, use of adhesive, specific heating
treatment, melting, welding, etc.).
(C) The combination with a recognized treatment provided for
in another existing class and not performed under the
conditions, or with the limitations specifically stated in a
subclass definition in this class (e.g., coating a final
product of metal deformation, cutting solely of a nonmetal,
or a nonsystematic cutting of metal).
(D) The combination with other treatment(s) not excluded as
such from Class 72, but the combination being directed to the
manufacture of a special product which has been recognized in
certain other existing classes (e.g., bolt- or nut-making,
needle- or pin-making, manufacture of barrier layer devices,
etc.). (See RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL
DEFORMING, below)
(E) Deformation of metal wire, as such, and in particular the
formation of certain products therefrom (e.g., hairpins),
remains subject matter for Class 140, Wireworking. (See
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL DEFORMING,
below)
SUMMARY
Specific questions involving the above-listed exclusory lines
may be decided by reference to the following sections of this
class. Certain features ancillary to metal deforming are
provided for in this class (e.g., work or product handling,
heating or cooling, descaling, lubrication, automatic
control, etc.), but other treatment elsewhere classified
(e.g., assembly, welding) are always a bar to original
placement in Class 72.
CRITERIA FOR PLACEMENT OF DOCUMENTS IN THIS CLASS
(A) The schedule of Class 72 was developed with strict
adherence to schedule superiority.
Original placement of U. S. patents is determined by their
claimed disclosure, with the following exception. Patents
granted prior to 1910 are generally, but not necessarily,
placed by claimed disclosure. The presence of significant
unclaimed subject matter in such an older patent, if of
higher schedule superiority than the claimed invention, may
determine its original placement in the higher subclass, with
such cross-referencing downward as appears helpful and in
accordance with established procedure.
(B) Cross-referencing, of U. S. patents only, is intended to
account for significant, but unclaimed, disclosure, as well
as subordinate, but distinct, inventions related to basic
subject matter of the class.
(C) Foreign patents and nonpatent literature are placed
solely on the basis of "useful disclosure" without strict
regard to schedule superiority or to specific limitations in
subclass definitions.
(D) "Claimed disclosure" is defined as the combination of
elements recited in the controlling claim of a patent,
together with such features of the recited elements as must
be imputed from the disclosure to render the claimed
combination complete and operative for the functions referred
to in the claim. For example, if alternative dies are
disclosed in the specification of a machine, but not
identifiably recited in the claim, the term "die" is
construed broadly for the purpose of original placement. If
the claim refers to a die bore, that die which is disclosed
as having a bore will be read into the claim. Other features
of the so-identified die (e.g., a vent hole) will not be
deemed part of the claimed disclosure unless some reference
thereto appears in the claim.
(E) "Useful disclosure", for the purpose of this schedule,
may be the total disclosure of a document, or in the case of
multiple disclosures or of a broad combination, it may be
that portion of the total disclosure which, in the opinion of
the classifier, is most significantly related to the basic
subject of Class 72.
(F) Examples of Placement of U. S. Patents:
(1) A claim to a motor-driven press includes claimed
complementary dies to form a faceted reflector unit from
sheet tungsten, with automatic angular indexing of work
between press strokes and automatic stopping upon completion
of 360 degrees of indexing.
Original copy is placed in subclass 30.1, cross-references in
subclasses 414 and 422; additional cross-reference in art
collection subclass 700 is desirable.
(2) A claim recites the steps of cutting a predetermined
length of steel strip from a coil, mechanically gripping the
ends of the cut blank, heating the central portion thereof,
and wrapping the blank under tension about a contoured
forming block.
Original copy is placed in subclass 294, cross-referenced in
subclasses 296 and 342.1+. (Additional cross-references in
subclass 339, severing a blank from stock; in subclass 364,
process, temperature modification; and in subclass 372,
process using claimed apparatus; also may be desirable,
depending upon apparent novelty in these details.)
(3) A claim recites only a pair of dies with configured
faces, one die having a replaceable face portion to alter a
dimension of the product:
Original copy is placed in subclass 473. No upward
cross-reference is necessary because press features such as
drive, guides, etc., are presumed to be conventional.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL DEFORMING,
PER SE
The following enumeration and discussion of classes does not
purport to be exhaustive, but includes loci of patents
relating to, per se, metal deforming wholly or in part.
(A) CLASSES OF ARTICLE MAKING:
A recitation, in a process or apparatus claim, of the article
being made will result in original placement of the patent
containing such claim in the appropriate article-making
class, except that a claim which recites only a step of, or
use of an instrumentality for, performing a single
metal-deforming operation will be placed in this class (72).
See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of such
classes (or portions of classes) directed to the manufacture
of particular products.
(B) THE CLASS OF WIREWORKING:
The class of reference (140, Wireworking) includes patents
for certain wire-deforming operations (e.g., Barbing,
Knotting, Crimping) named in subclass titles of the class.
The lines that existed between Class 140 and other
metal-deforming classes will (e.g., Metal Bearding, Metal
Forging, etc.) continue to be observed, and this class (72)
will serve as the repository of patents not provided for in
Class 140.
(C) THE CLASSES OF MEASURING AND TESTING:
Class 73 includes patents for structures that deform metal by
"stress or strain of material of structure" (see Class 73,
subclasses 788+). Class 374 including determining the thermal
response of deformation (Class 374, subclasses 46+), and
resistance to a thermally induced deformation. The question
of patent placement will usually be resolved by the
specification's disclosing, on one hand, deformation to
effective destruction (for Classes 73 or 374), or, on the
other hand, deformation to form a product (for Class 72).
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES
A patent claim directed to a combination of a metal-deforming
step or apparatus with other treatment or apparatus, not
specifically provided for in Class 72, is excluded from this
class and is generally placeable as noted in the following
paragraphs.
(A) WITH ASSEMBLING:
(1) "Assembling" denotes the juxtaposing or joining of two or
more "preforms" (discrete objects, as distinguished from
material applied as coating, filling, or added as alloy,
etc.).
(2) Methods of, and means for, assembling preforms are
provided for in other classes, and residually in Class 29,
Metal Working. More specifically, if a patent claim recites a
step of (or apparatus for) metal deformation which, as
disclosed, recognizes or requires the presence of two or more
discrete members, at least one of which is the subject of the
metal-deforming operation, and the deforming operation
results in securing at least two of the members together, the
claim is excluded from Class 72 and must be placed in another
class, such as Class 29. For example, a claim directed to the
step of riveting or staking two metal objects together is
proper subject matter for Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses
428+ (Assembly and/or Joining).
(3) The following two operations are distinguishable from the
above-noted assembling of preforms and are proper subject
matter for Class 72: (a) Method of, or apparatus for, joining
spaced portions of the same workpiece solely by metal
deformation (e.g., lock-seaming a tube). (b) Method of, or
apparatus for, extruding a metallic sheath on a core.
(4) References With Other Classes, below, contains citations
to classes that illustrate the location of patented art
involving metal deformation in combination with assembly of
plural members.
(B) WITH CUTTING
(1) Class 72 is the locus for patents directed to the
combination of metal deforming and cutting* (method or
apparatus), provided that the same material is treated, and
in a systematic manner. In other words, the combination of
metal deforming and cutting is proper subject matter for this
class, with only two exceptions:
(a) Disclosure that cutting and metal deforming are performed
only on different work. For example: (i) Device to forge a
metal part and to punch an attached or associated record card
(Class 29). (ii) Combined plier-type insulation stripper and
wire end bender (Class 7). (iii) Method of embedding a metal
core in plastic material, bending to a desired shape, and
trimming off excess plastic (Class 264).
(b) Disclosure fails to teach a systematic, i.e.,
simultaneous or predetermined, orderly sequential operation
of cutter and metal-deforming means on the same work. For
example: (i) Hand punch with a turret of manually selectable
cutting and embossing dies (Class 7). (ii) Punch press with
interchangeable cutting and bending dies or die inserts
(Class 29). (iii) Set of hand tools for severing, incising,
and stamping metal (Class 7). (iv) Wire-crimping pliers with
separately accessible side-cutting dies (Class 7). (v) Press
structure having spaced cutting and forging tool stations; no
work feed means (Class 29).
(2) In summary, it is further noted that:
(a) A patent otherwise barred from Class 72 will not be
originally placed herein because of the inclusion of
cutting.
(b) Patents to cutting tools or apparatus, per se, are
excluded from Class 72.
(c) "Convertible" cutting and metal-deforming apparatus,
i.e., requiring the intervention of an operative to effect
the conversion, is generally excluded from the subject matter
of this class.
(d) "Combined" apparatus, in the sense of mere side-by-side
or jointly driven cutting and metal-deforming devices,
independently or alternatively usable at the will of an
operative, is generally excluded.
(e) Combinations excluded from Class 72 under the foregoing
discussion are generally placeable in Class 7 or Class 29, as
illustrated in examples under RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION
CLASSES, With Cutting, paragraph 1, above.
(C) WITH HEAT TREATMENT:
(1) "Heat Treatment" refers to the establishment or
maintenance of a given, relatively permanent, physical or
chemical condition in work by heating or cooling it in a
prescribed manner.
(2) A patent directed to the combination of metal deformation
and heat treatment of work will be placed as follows:
(a) In Class 219, Electric Heating, when electric heating
(e.g., resistance, induction) is involved.
(b) In Class 72, when the patent is not otherwise excluded,
when the heat treatment is effected by other than electrical
means, and the heat treatment is: (i.) unspecified (heating
or cooling broadly claimed); (ii) for conditioning work to a
suitable temperature for a metal-deforming operation; (iii)
process annealing, i.e., for relieving stress due to a prior
working or preparatory to a following operation; or (iv) for
returning work or product to a desired ambient or handling
temperature.
(1) Note. The term "quenching" is sometimes inaccurately
used to denote mere cooling to a convenient temperature. Such
usage will not bar placement of a patent in Class 72.
(c) In Class 148, Metal Treatment, if there is significant
heat treatment to modify or maintain the internal physical
structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical property of
metal combined with a metal deforming operation of Class 72,
see References to Other Classes in the Class 148 definition.
Significant heat treatment occurs when the temperature or
heating or cooling rate is provided in a nonworking related
step or when microstructure description is utilized in the
claim to describe the heating or cooling treatment of the
metal. Working at a specified temperature without mention of
microstructure is not significant heat treatment for Class
148. The mere use of the term "ageing" or "tempering" is
considered significant heat treatment for Class 148. Except
for "Work-Hardening" which is proper in Class 72, the use of
the term "hardening" will be considered significant heat
treatment for Class 148. "Quenching" will be considered
significant heat treatment lacking an indication that it
means simply returning to a convenient working temperature
(which belongs in Class 72 as stated above).
"Stress-relief-annealing" will remain in Class 72, if
combined with a metal deforming operation. Working metal in
the "superplastic" state or during "dynamic
recrystallization" remains in Class 72 unless a temperature
is provided in the working step. If temperature is provided
for the superplastic working step, classification will go to
Class 148. When combined with metal deforming, "annealing",
per se, goes in Class 72. However, annealing at a specified
temperature goes in Class 148. Merely heating or cooling a
metal to a working temperature is not significant heat
treatment for Class 148. The presence of reactive coating in
any step of a metal treating process goes to Class 148.
Combinations of chemical-heat removing (i.e., flame-cutting)
or burning with metal working go to Class 148.
(d) In Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, if the apparatus
is for heat-treating solid metal and see the definitions
therein for the line to Class 72.
(D) WITH CLEANING, COATING, OR OTHER TREATMENT:
The following remarks apply both to apparatus and to process
claims.
(1) The combination of metal deforming with cleaning,
descaling, or application of lubricating material to the work
material before, during or after metal deformation is
provided for in Class 72.
(2) The combination of metal deforming with exposure of the
work, before or during deformation, to gas, vapor, mist, or
modified atmosphere, is provided for in Class 72. Examples of
this combination are: the deformation or work in an evacuated
chamber, or in the presence of an inert gas, or the spraying
or sputtering of material on work before deformation. For the
classification of metal deforming followed by coating, see
Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 527.1+ and associated
search notes.
(3) The combination of metal deformation with the prior or
simultaneous application of fluent material to an existing
workpiece, by any such technique as casting, coating, or
molding, is provided for in Class 72. The only exception
involves electric arc deposition of metal, which combination
is placeable in Class 219, Electric Heating. Any claimed
casting, coating, or molding of material upon a product
subsequent to a final step of metal deforming is proper
subject matter for Class 29 as the residual locus, or for
Classes 427 and 264 for specific methods, or Class 118 for
apparatus.
(4) The combination of initially making a metallic workpiece
by casting or molding, followed by deformation thereof, is
excluded from this class, and is generally proper subject
matter for Class 29, Metal Working. Certain perfecting
treatments of cast metal while in the mold are classifiable
in Class 164, Metal Founding. An apparent exception is the
charging of an extrusion container with molten metal; in this
instance, the pouring of molten metal is regarded as a
convenient technique of handling work for later extrusion,
rather than a casting for Class 164, Metal Founding, or a
combination involving casting for Class 29. Subclasses 253.1
of this class (72) provide for this combination of charging
metal into a container and extruding it therefrom.
(E) WITH BODILY TRANSFERRING OF TOOL TO OR FROM TOOL SUPPORT
OR STORAGE MEANS:
The following remarks apply to either a process or apparatus
claim.
Metal deforming combined with bodily transfer or exchange of
a deforming tool to or from a tool support (i.e., tool
driver) or a storage means is proper for Class 483, Tool
Changing, with the exception of deforming limited to roller
couple tools with means to introduce or remove at least one
roller with respect to the couple which is provided for in
Class 72, subclasses 238 and subclasses indented thereunder.
RELATIONSHIP TO SUBCOMBINATION CLASSES
(A) THE WORK-HANDLING OR PRODUCT-HANDLING CLASSES:
The placement of patents claiming method of, or apparatus
for, the handling of work for, or the product of, a deforming
operation and also claiming the deforming method or means
will be in this class unless the deforming method or means is
not recited significantly.
In this connection, a step of deforming (in a method claim)
is considered significant even if it only indicates the type
of deformation, e.g., "rolling", "bending", "spinning". On
the other hand, a claimed step of handling to a named type of
deforming instrumentality, e.g., "rolling mill", "bending
brake", "spinning station", is not deemed to set forth a
significant deforming step and thus is proper for a handling
class. If however, such instrumentality is further identified
in terms of deforming function such as "three-high rolling
mill", "hot metal bending brake", "pattern-controlled
spinning station", such claimed terminology will import a
significant deforming step and warrant placement of a patent
in Class 72.
In a claim directed to apparatus, examples of broadly recited
and not significant deforming means, which would permit
original placement of a patent in an appropriate handling
class, include "rolling mill", "working station", "forging
press", and similar terms; however, a significant
relationship of work-handling and deforming means would be
proper for class (72), such as "means to insert the billet
into the upper pass of a three-high rolling mill". The quoted
phrases should be considered as exemplary, not as
all-inclusive.
Examples of classes directed to work-handling or
product-handling are listed in References to Other Classes,
below.
(B) THE CLASSES RELATING TO TOOL DRIVING:
(1) This class (72) provides for patents claiming means for
driving a tool that is restricted, as disclosed, by its shape
or its tool-face or its composition to its function of
deforming metal.
(2) Patents claiming a means for driving a tool which tool is
recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the
specification), will be placed in a class appropriate to the
power source, transmission, or the machine as disclosed.
(3) Among the classes directed to such latter driving means
are the following:
(C) CLASSES (OR PORTIONS OF CLASSES) PROVIDING FOR A TOOL OR
TOOLFACE, PER SE:
See References to Other Classes, below for examples of
classes directed to such subject matter.
OTHER CLASS RELATIONSHIPS
(A) CLASSES INCLUDING DEFORMING OF NONMETALS:
(1) Class 72 is the residual locus for the plastic
deformation of metallic work, (a) as simple metal stock or
blanks, (b) in combination with nonmetal, as in the case of
metal and paper laminates, or (c) as unspecified or
unidentified material which appears by disclosure to be metal
(e.g., referred to as "ingot", "rail", "axle blank"). The
additional deformation of nonmetallic material (e.g., in a
laminate or other composite work) will not bar placement of a
patent in this class.
(2) A claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal only is
subject matter for another class. Typical classes are listed
in the References To Other Classes, below.
(B) CLASS 242, WINDING, TENSIONING, OR GUIDING
(1) With respect to winding, Class 72 and Class 242 contain
patents wherein work is disclosed as being held to a mandrel
or core and wound thereon due to interaction of (a) a force
rotating the core and (b) a force restraining the work to
movement along a course substantially tangent to the surface
of the core or the wound product.
Patents disclosing such forces applied to metal and claiming
use of a deflector closely adjacent the core will be placed
originally in Class 72 unless the specification clearly
teaches that the metal is not deformed or stressed beyond its
elastic limit.
Patents disclosing such forces applied to metal, wherein the
restraining force is claimed in terms of means, or the use of
means, remote from the core for retarding movement of the
work will be placed originally in Class 72 only if the
disclosure positively teaches deformation or the metal.
(2) With respect to unwinding, a patent wherein metal is
unwound from a coil will be placed in Class 72 only if a
claimed disclosure teaches deformation or stress beyond the
elastic limit, as by use of a deflector* or tensioning
means.
(C) CLASSES INCLUDING COMPACTING OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL:
The deformation of compacted particulate metal is not
excluded from Class 72, if the work material is in
self-shape-sustaining state.
The Class 72 schedule affords eight basic fields of search,
as follows:
Class 72, subclasses 1- 47, and 324 -342.96 for method or
apparatus including: (1) All claimed combinations of metal
deforming with selected extraneous treatments (e.g.,
descaling, cutting) which are not, per se, excluded from the
class and (2) Metal deforming with selected perfecting
features (e.g., indicator, random control of stopping), which
featured are deemed generally pertinent to any type of metal
deforming.
Class 72, subclasses 48-323, and 343-361 for method or
apparatus involving selected types of metal-deforming
instrumentalities (e.g., by pressurized fluent medium, by
plural relatively movable work-gripping clamps).
(1) Note. This group includes some newly defined concepts in
the basic subject matter of the class for which there is no
presently accepted terminology. See the Art Term Index in
Subclass References to the Current Class, below, for
additional entries to the schedule.
Class 72, subclasses 362-379.6 for residual metal-deforming
processes (e.g., coiling or twisting) including purely
manipulative steps or steps involving apparatus not provided
for in preceding subclasses.
Class 72, subclasses 380- 416 for essentially complete basic
apparatus of the class type. Recitation of tools or tool
faces, tool-moving or guiding means, and disclosure of
specific work treatment by the tools, is required for
original placement in this group.
(1) Note. A basic flat-platen press or flat-faced power
hammer and anvil is excluded from this group unless the
claimed combination specifically fits a subclass definition
(e.g., a simple flat-platen press claimed only as a bender or
straightener for specifically shaped work may possibly
qualify as offset-tool-face apparatus for subclasses 380+;
otherwise it would be found in following group).
Class 72, subclasses 417-461 for apparatus subcombinations,
such as tool drivers or work handling means, of insufficient
scope to constitute complete metal-deforming devices; also,
the flat-faced power hammers and presses noted above.
Class 72, subclasses 462- 482.94 for tools and/or tool
holders.
(1) Note. Some tools, such as a bridge-type extrusion die,
are classified in preceding groups, as subcombinations
peculiar to specific metal-deforming apparatus.
Class 72, subclass 483, for miscellaneous apparatus or
nontool element not provided for in preceding subclasses.
Class 72, subclasses 700 - 715 for cross-referenced material
relating to six concepts or commonly used terms which have
not been defined for Class 72. For instance, subclasses 700
and 705 relate to particular kinds of workpieces. For these
and other undefined terms, see the Art Term Index in Subclass
References to the Current Class, below
ART TERM INDEX TO CLASS 72
The index in Subclass References to the Current Class, below,
is provided for convenience in locating certain types of
metal-deforming methods or apparatus according to key words
in common usage.
Some keywords (e.g., Rolling) resemble defined Glossary
terms, below, but are here used in their popular or broader
(often ambiguous) sense.
Certain keywords represent subject matter formerly included
in abolished classes but excluded from Class 72. Pertinent
classes for such subject matter are:
Class 100, Press; Class 29, Assembling; Class 228, Welding
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.1 28.1+, AUTOMATIC CONTROL (COMBINED)
31.13 253.1+, DIE-EXPRESSING (EXTRUSION)
39 DESCALING (COMBINED)
51 176+, SKELPING
53 SHOT-PEENING
56 ELECTROHYDRAULIC FORMING
56 ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMING
56 EXPLOSIVE FORMING
56 HIGH-ENERGY-RATE FORMING (SEE EXPLOSIVE FORMING, ETC.)
57 150, 465, CORE, DEFORMABLE, ETC.
59 176+, 184+, 385, 415, CORRUGATING
59 62, TUBE CORRUGATING
64 299, 371, TWISTING
66 COILING
76 377, 395, PEENING (PEINING)
76 377, 465.1, SNARLING (STIPPLING)
76 402, SWAGING
82 SPINNING
82 293+, 350, 417, BLANKHOLDER.
76 402, TUBE.
84 102+, 367, BEADING
88 PLATEN-ROLLING
88 104, THREAD-ROLLING
91 BY WALKING-FORM, CONCAVE-AND-ROLL
97 256+, 325+, PIERCING
115 317, AND 393, FLARING, TUBE
115 317, 393, TUBE FLARING
135 SPRING COILER.
135 HELICAL COILING.
146 SPIRAL COILING.
149 WIPE-FORMING.
151 295+, 305, STRETCH-FORMING
160 LEVELLING.
184 FLYING TOOL.
184 DIE-ROLLING
186 325+, 464, COMPOSITE (WITH CUTTING) TOOL.
189 PILFERING MILL
196 402, 712, CRIMPING
199 365.2+, ROLLING
217 SWEEP-ARM.
220 WALKING-FORM
223 232 ROLLING, THREE-HIGH MILL
241.2 ROLLING, FOUR-HIGH MILL
256 325+, BILLET PIERCING
258 700, BIMETALLIC WORK
264 CORE TUBE, EXTRUSION
264 462+, MANDREL, EXTRUSION.
267 COLD SQUIRTING (IMPACT EXTRUSION)
267 IMPACT EXTRUSION.
274 DRAWING, DIE BENCH
274 302+,378, STRETCHING
274 DRAWING, WIRE- OR TUBE-
284 343 DRAWING, PUSH-
292 303, 402, SHRINKER, TIRE.
293 AND NOTES THEREUNDER, CUTTING (COMBINED).
296 WRAP-FORMING.
298 310, 319+, BENDING (SEE COILING, CORRUGATING, LEVELLER)
BRAKE.
301 386+, OFFSETTING.
302 318, 322+,352+, 377, 407+,416, UPSETTING
318 357, HEADING
334 340, TRIMMING (SEE CUTTING)
336 337, BLANKING (SEE CUTTING)
347 DRAWING, DEEP- OR SHELL-
358 414, EMBOSS
359 COINING
360 412+, 437, DROP FORGING
367 TUBE WORKING
377 FORGING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS)
377 REDUCING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS)
377 SWAGING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS)
389.1 SHAFT STRAIGHTENING
411 EDGEWISE BENDER
419 FEED, WORK (COMBINED)
419 HANDLING (COMBINED)
429 HAMMER, DRIVE
430 EXPLOSIVELY ACTUATED TOOL
435 HAMMER, DROP
462 ANVIL
462 HAMMER
467 THROUGH DIE
700 ALLOY
700 RARE METAL
701 702, DISTORTION PREVENTION
703 KNURLING
705 FRAME STRAIGHTENING
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, Compound Tools, for patented art involving metal
deformation in combination with assembly of plural members.
29, Metal Working, for patented art involving metal
deformation in combination with assembly of plural members,
and subclass 700 under "SEARCH CLASS" (and see reference to
other classes in (5) Note).
29, Metal Working, subclasses 284-25.42, inclusive; and
subclasses 592+ particularly 592.1 through 899.1, inclusive.
(directed to the manufacture of particular products, see
Classes of Article Making, above)
29, Metal Working, especially 270 providing for
hand-manipulatable tool means. (class providing for a tool or
toolface, per se)
29, Metal Working (e.g., residual for fibrous material), for
claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal only.
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, for patented
art involving metal deformation in combination with assembly
of plural members, subclass 9 and 311 involving preforming
of wire strands.
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, for patented art
involving metal deformation in combination with assembly of
plural members.
59, Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making. (directed to the
manufacture of particular products, see Classes of Article
Making, above)
60, Power Plants, for patents claiming a means for driving a
tool, which tool is recited by name only (both in the
claim(s) and in the specification).
74, Machine Element or Mechanism, for patents claiming a
means for driving a tool, which tool is recited by name only
(both in the claim(s) and in the specification).
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, for patented art
involving metal deformation in combination with assembly of
plural members.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making. (directed to the
manufacture of particular products)
79, Button Making, subclass 3. (directed to the manufacture
of particular products, see Classes of Article Making,
above)
81, Tools, especially 300 providing for plier-type tool
structure. (class providing for a tool or toolface, per se)
83, Cutting, especially 651 providing for cutting tool or
tool-support structure. (class providing for a tool or
toolface, per se)
100, Presses, 214 having disclosures of reciprocating press
construction wherein the tool is a platen. See this class
(100) for patents claiming a means for driving a tool which
tool is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the
specification).
140, Wireworking, subclasses 71-92.2, inclusive; and
subclasses 3 through 57, inclusive. (directed to the
manufacture of particular products, see Classes of Article
Making, above)
144, Woodworking, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a
nonmetal only.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal only.
157, Wheelwright Machines, for patented art involving metal
deformation in combination with assembly of plural members.
163, Needle and Pin Making. (directed to the manufacture of
particular products, see Classes of Article Making, above)
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, having disclosures of a
motion converting means and/or hammer for driving a
general-purpose tool. See this class (100) for patents
claiming a means for driving a tool which tool is recited by
name only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification).
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, except that
a chute or other gravity conveyor combined with a
power-driven conveyor is found in Class 198, Conveyors:
Power-Driven, subclass 311, 359+, 523+, and others. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly 373 for a
conveyor having means for changing the attitude of the
conveyor load relative to the conveying direction. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
219, Electric Heating (for combination of metal deforming
and electric welding), for patented art involving metal
deformation in combination with assembly of plural members.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, for patented art
involving metal deformation in combination with assembly of
plural members.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, for patented art involving metal
deformation in combination with assembly of plural members.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, (also see the reference
to Class 242 in OTHER CLASS RELATIONSHIPS, above). (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a
nonmetal only.
271, Sheet Feeding or Delivering. (class directed to
work-handling or product-handling)
294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling)
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, for patents
claiming a means for driving a tool, which tool is recited by
name only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification).
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 232 having disclosures
of pile-driver means, for patents claiming a means for
driving a tool, which tool is recited by name only (both in
the claim(s) and in the specification).
414, Material or Article Handling, in particular 754 where
billet turnover devices can be found and compare with those
devices in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses
373+. (class directed to work-handling or product-handling)
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for
processes of forming articles from particulate material
including metal particles with or without use of heat.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a
nonmetal only..
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for methods and machines
for making bolt, screws, nuts, nails, rivets, and washers.
(directed to the manufacture of particular products, see
Classes of Article Making, above)
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for
patents claiming a means for driving a tool, which tool is
recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the
specification).
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members, appropriate
subclasses for methods and machines for making bolt, screws,
nuts, nails, rivets, and washers.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for claimed disclosure of
deformation of a nonmetal only.
GLOSSARY:
ANVIL
An undriven tool which, as disclosed, is designed and
intended to react against work with sufficient force to
enable an operation of the class type to be effected in some
portion of the work.
(1) Note. An undriven flat-faced tool is regarded as an
"Anvil", even though work of a specific shape may be deformed
into flatness against it.
ASSEMBLY
The act or operation of bringing into juxtaposition or
contact a plurality of preforms (self-shape-sustaining
objects) and/or joining said preforms, i.e., so treating one
or more of them as to restrict their relative mobility.
(1) Note. The mere ordering, stacking, or piling of
workpieces prior to a metal-deforming operation thereupon, or
the similar handling of products, is not regarded as
"Assembly" for the purposes of this class.
AXIS-OF-BEND
That imaginary line used as a center about which the bending
of moving work occurs. For convenience in illustrating the
application of the term to the deformation of planiform work,
three such axes may be considered, all being related to the
direction of work movement and to the disposition of a planar
nonthickness surface (see Figure III-1). The three axes are
defined as follows: [figure]
(A) X-Axis is a line both parallel to the direction of
movement of the work and parallel to a nonthickness surface
thereof.
(B) Y-Axis is a line both perpendicular to the direction of
movement of the work (i.e., length) and perpendicular to a
nonthickness surface thereof.
(C) Z-Axis is a line both perpendicular to the direction of
movement of the work and parallel to a nonthickness surface
thereof.
In the case of strand or rodlike work (i.e., wherein a cross
section taken transverse to its length shows substantially
equal width and thickness), corresponding or analogous axes
are used for convenience.
Figure III-2 shows the product partially bent around a Z-Axis
to form a transverse bend or the first convolution of a
spiral coil. [figure]
Figure 111-3 shows the product bent around a Z-Axis and
additionally deflected along the Z-Axis-of-Bend, to form a
helical-coil from rod. [figure]
Figure III-4 shows the operation termed "levelling" wherein
each successive work portion is deflected in alternation
about a plurality or parallel Z-Axes, whereby each portion
travels through an undulating path. [figure]
Figure III-5 shows the side margins of the work bent around
the X-Axis to form a trough. Further bending of the side
margins obviously form a tube. [figure]
BLANK
A discrete piece of material which is intended to be
subjected to an operation of the class type.
BLANK HOLDER
A mechanism, incorporated in a metal-deforming device,
intended to grip a blank prior to and during deformation
thereof. (Often arranged to permit a desired amount of
slippage of said blank in response to the application of
deforming force thereto, thereby modifying the effect of the
metal-deforming tools). See "Clamp".
CAVITY
(DIE CAVITY) A passageway closed at one end; a chamber or
blind hole having at least one work-shape-imposing portion of
closed perimeter definable in a plane normal to the direction
of relative motion of a co-acting tool or work forcer, or of
the disclosed flow of work. See "Orifice" and "Passageway".
CLAMP
(See "Work-Gripping Clamp" and compare "Blank Holder").
CLEAN
To loosen, separate, or remove from the surface of metal a
spot or layer of any substance generally distinguishable from
the work material without intended redimensioning of said
material.
CLOSED DIE
A tool* which comprises a work-shape-imposing orifice*,
cavity*, or passageway*. (See diagrams under subclasses 276,
327, 350, and 360 for examples of "Closed Die").
COIL
The product of an operation in which work is bent so that it
surrounds an Axis-Of-Bend* through more than 360 degrees of
revolution. As used in this class, the operation involves
moving the work and progressively deflecting successive
portions thereof in the same general direction which is
arcuate with respect to the direction of movement of the
work.
(1) Note. To produce a SPIRAL-COIL, the work is bent by
deflection and wound, one convolution on a successive
convolution, to form a scroll of gradually increasing
diameter.
(2) Note. To produce a HELICAL-COIL, the work if deflected
as described above, but an additional deflection or diversion
is imposed on successive convolutions. The additional
deflection is directed along the Axis-Of-Bend*. The
additional component of bend is measured in terms of pitch,
which term is used here in the same sense as applied to a
screw or helix.
CONTROL
To start, or to modify the operating condition of, any
portion of a work-treating or handling device
(1) Note. "Stopping" is ordinarily regarded as an aspect of
"Control", but is separately treated in this class in
accordance with the class schedule. See subclasses 1+.
CUT
To separate any portion of a workpiece from any other portion
of the same workpiece by a step of machining (e.g., grinding,
drilling, boring, milling, planing), severing (e.g.,
breaking, sawing, slicing, shearing), or by intrusion of a
sharp-edged or pointed tool without removal of material
(e.g., stabbing, splitting, intrusive punching). See "Sever"
and "Pierce".
DEFLECTOR
An element of instrumentality which engages successively
presented portions of moving work and forces said portions
from a first path of motion into a second and different path
of motion.
(1) Note. The "Deflector" may comprise a single deflecting
surface forcing all portions of work in a single direction,
or a plurality of elements acting differently upon different
portions of work.
DIE
A metal-deforming tool* which, as disclosed, has a shaping or
reshaping function with regard to the portion(s) of work
engaged by it.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this class, a "Die" may be
regarded as a tool which leaves or impresses its
characteristic mark on the engaged face portion of work. The
mark may be a three-dimensional imprint of the die face (see
"Tool Face"), or may simply be the trace or track left by
passage of the "Die" while in forcible engagement with the
work, with or without accompanying deformation in other
portions of the work. If the tool-engaged face of the work
remains unaltered in shape or position, the tool is regarded
as an anvil*; if altered in position only, the tool in
question is a work-forcer*. See "Anvil", "Closed Die".
"Tool", and "Work- Forcer".
FLYING TOOL
A tool*, other than a roller, having a tool face which, as
disclosed, engages and acts upon bodily moving work while
itself moving substantially in the same direction and at the
same speed as such work.
HOLLOW WORK
Material or article of indeterminate length having exterior
and interior surfaces extending in the length dimension; each
surface, as viewed in a cross section normal to the length
dimension, showing an unbroken periphery; the interior
surface of which is intended to be treated by a
metal-deforming tool of limited length.
METAL
The material subjected to an operation of the class type; an
elemental metal or alloy of mixture thereof in
self-shape-sustaining state (i.e., not molten, gaseous, or
powdered); metal as the term is employed in Class 29, Metal
Working, and Class 148, Metal Treatment.
ORIFICE
A closed perimeter opening or aperture extending directly
through the thickness of a plate or wall and constituting (1)
the mouth of a chamber, or (2) an interconnection between the
regions of space at either side of a plate or wall of
substantial lateral extent. A passageway* of such short
length that it has only one effective work-shape-imposing
portion.
PASSAGEWAY
A conduit or path (especially for guiding and restraining the
plastic flow of metal), having at least one shape-imposing
portion of closed perimeter definable in a plane normal to
the axis of the conduit.
(1) Note. A passageway is usually open at each end; the term
may, however be applied to a blind hole which, by disclosure,
does not become completely and forcibly filled with work
during an operation of the class type.
(2) Note. A passageway is capable of imposing more than one
shape on work; it may be regarded as a sequence of orifices,
e.g., for drawing or extruding a twisted product of
noncircular cross section.
PIERCE
To stab or penetrate by a pointed, conical, or wedgelike
tool, as distinguished from punching (shearing) by
coacting-edged tools.
PLURAL TOOL SET
Three or more relatively movable tools* which are effective
in any combination to perform operations of the class type on
one or more discrete pieces of work, of which tools less than
the total number are in actual contact with the same piece of
work at the same time. For example: (1) tool couples* located
at spaced tool stations in a plural tool station machine, if
they act on distinct workpieces, or noncurrently on portions
of integrally connected work material, and (2) two movable
tools alternately engaging a workpiece resting upon an anvil,
each tool retracting before the other tool touches the work.
PRODUCT
The object or material after an operation of the class type
has been performed thereon.
(1) Note. The "Product" of one operation is properly denoted
as "Work" for a subsequent operation.
ROLLER
A deforming instrumentality having a work- engaging,
work-deforming peripheral surface which is generated by a
line revolving about an axis, said instrumentality being
disclosed as revolving about said axis so that successive
peripheral portions thereof cyclically move into and out of
contact with a work surface during deformation of the work,
relative movement occurring, during deformation, between said
axis and the work surface along a direction parallel to the
work surface, thereby producing a relative rolling motion
between the roller surface and the work surface as contrasted
with sliding motion (i.e., the surfaces move in the same
direction at substantially the same linear speed).
(1) Note. The generating line of the peripheral surface may
have any continuous profile (e.g., straight, curved, or
irregular), and the line may have any desired inclination,
other than at right angles, relative to the axis. Thus, to be
considered a "Roller", any and all cross sections taken at
right angles to the axis must show a circular work-engaging
periphery.
(2) Note. A hollow member wherein the interior surface is
generated and used as described is also considered to be a
"Roller".
(3) Note. A plurality of tools rotatable about the same axis
in the same direction and at the same rotational speed is
considered to be a single "Roller" in the environment
described herein.
ROLLER CLUSTER
A group of three or more rollers* disposed relatively to one
another and to the work* such that the work passes between
the rollers with a peripheral surface portion of each roller
engaging a surface portion of the work, the engaged surface
portions being substantially coextensive in the direction of
movement of the work, and the rollers simultaneously
deforming the work.
ROLLER COUPLE
A group of two coacting rollers* disposed opposite one
another such that work passes therebetween, the adjacent
peripheral surfaces of both rollers simultaneously engaging
opposite sides, or opposed surfaces portions, of the work
passing between the rollers and thus deforming that work.
ROLLER-LIKE TOOL
A deforming instrumentality having a work- engaging,
work-deforming tool surface with some, but not all, of the
characteristics of a roller*.
(1) Note. Usually (a) the surface is generated by a line
revolving about an axis (thus the tool looks like a roller),
but the relative movement of the axis and work produces a
sliding motion of tool surface relative to work surface; or
(b) the relative movement of the tool axis and the work
produces a rolling motion of tool surface on work surface
(thus the tool acts like a roller), but the surface is not
formed as a roller (e.g., the tool surface is rough, or
gearlike, or recessed).
SEVER
To forcibly part or separate a discrete portion from a body
of material. See "Cut".
STOCK
A piece or an indeterminate length of material from which a
plurality of blanks* or products* may be made (usually in
linear sequence).
TOOL
A tangible instrumentality having a surface portion which is
designed and intended to engage or react against work with
sufficient force to effect an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. A core, mandrel, anvil, or the like, which may be
"passive" in the sense of supplying only reaction force is
included in this definition. The tool may be either
transitory or enduring; it may be destroyed in a single use.
TOOL CARRIER
A device for holding a tool* (a) against the force of
gravity, and/or (b) in cooperative relationship with another
tool(s) or the work, and wherein the tool moves with respect
to the device. For example, a stationary axle on which a
roller* rotates is a "Tool Carrier" because of the relative
movement; however, a shaft to which a roller is keyed so that
both rotate together is not a carrier, whereas the bearing in
which the shaft rotates is a "Tool Carrier" in this
instance.
TOOL COMPLEX
Three or more relatively movable tools* which are in
simultaneous contact with the same work at some instant
during a metal-deforming operation.
(1) Note. Typically, either all active tools are
concurrently actuated, or a tool couple deforms work and
remains in contact therewith while a third, fourth, etc.,
tool advances into deforming contact with the thus restrained
work.
(2) Note. The deformation effected by a "Tool Complex" is
generally greater in degree and/or more elaborate in detail
than can be accomplished by repeated operations of a tool
couple*, or the successive strokes of a plural tool set*.
(3) Note. A "Tool Complex" may accomplish two or more
seemingly distinct operations (e.g., simultaneously flanging
opposite edges of a sheet). In many such instances, some
advantage is gained over the use of plural tool sets (e.g.,
balanced forces on work may permit the use of lighter
clamping structure or the elimination of a work-holding
device, and the simultaneous tool actions may enable closer
control of dimensions).
TOOL COUPLE
Two tools which are so related in position and relative
motion that when both are engaged with the same work they
cooperate to effect an operation of the class type. See "Tool
Complex".
TOOL FACE
The surface portion(s) of a tool body which actually engage
work at some time during an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. "Tool Face" is distinguishable from supporting,
interconnecting, spacing, or surrounding surface portions
which do not engage work during normal or disclosed
operation. Disclosure of the tool operation is thus necessary
for identification of the "Tool Face" proper, as is
consideration for placement in subclasses 380+ (offset tool
faces) or subclasses 392+ (relatively receding tool faces).
(See diagram under subclass 386 for example of a "Tool
Face".)
TOOL HOLDER
A Device rigidly attached to a tool and effective to support
and/or to transmit actuating force thereto. See "Tool
Carrier".
TUBE
A pipe, hollow cylinder, or hollow rodlike member consisting
of a wall shaped in the form of a simple closed curve and
extending axially, providing a conduit throughout its length.
The wall may vary along its axial length in transverse
dimensions and/or shape.
WORK
The object or material which is intended to be subjected to
an operation of the class type. See "Blank".
WORK-FORCER
A driven tool which, as disclosed, has the function of
forcibly moving work against the resistance of another tool.
(1) Note. If the tool also directly deforms the engaged face
of the work, it is specifically a die*.
WORK-GRIPPING CLAMP
An instrumentality having a plurality of opposed solid jaws
or surface elements which are made effective, by movement of
one or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a
portion of work frictionally and to hold it fixedly.
(1) Note. Some form of clamp-actuating means is required; a
so-called "self-gripping" clamp, which closes upon work in
response to initial movement of work, is included.
(2) Note. Blank holders or "clamps", which are intended to
allow controlled slippage of work during an operation, are
excluded, as constituting "Tools". See "Blank Holder".
WORK TREATMENT
Altering or actively maintaining some property,
characteristic, or condition of work. (Orientation or
location of work, or juxtaposition of plural pieces, is not
considered to be a property, characteristic, or condition for
the purpose of this definition in this class).
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
WITH RANDOMLY ACTUATED STOPPING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, means capable of bringing to a halt any or all of
the moving parts of a metal-deforming instrumentality, such
means acting in response to a condition or signal or impulse
whose time of occurrence cannot be predicted.
(1) Note. Disclosure of a machine capable of stopping will
not be placed here as an original unless a claim particularly
recites such stopping as a result of an unplanned or
unpredictable occurrence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.3 and 21.3, for a disclosure wherein a machine, or a part
thereof, stops in response to a tool sensor.
30.1 for a disclosure wherein a machine, or a part thereof,
stops when an intended operation has been completed, and see
(1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 58 for stopping means in a cutting
machine, wherein the stopping means, per se, is similar to
those of this and indented subclasses.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, for stopping means in
general; and subclass 134 for stopping of a machine
responsive to part of an operative's body.
234, Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching), subclass 30 for
selective cutting means provided with randomly actuated
stopping means.
Subclass:
2
Manually controlled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the halting of instrumentality operation is the
direct result of a willful act of an operative.
(1) Note. The term "manual" includes the use of any part of
the body of the operative.
Subclass:
3
Responsive to condition of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter
wherein the halting of instrumentality operation results from
the sensing of a property or state of the work* or product*.
(1) Note. The term "property or state" includes shape, size
of presentation such as feed, presence, absence, or attitude
of the work or product.
Subclass:
4
Work feed or faulty work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter
wherein the sensed property or state is an abnormality in the
work itself or in the presentation of work to the machine, or
an exhaustion in the supply of work.
Subclass:
5
Termination or tangle of running length work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein the work moves along a direction coinciding with its
dimension of greatest magnitude, and wherein the sensed
property or state is either (a) an interruption in work
movement (caused by breakage or exhaustion thereof), or (b) a
snarl or kink in the work.
Subclass:
6.1
WITH USE OF CONTROL MEANS ENERGIZED IN RESPONSE TO ACTIVATOR
STIMULATED BY CONDITION SENSOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including means, or a step of using means, for
(a) detecting any of the following characteristics: a state
or property, a change in a state or property, or the
occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following:
the work*, the product of a machine, the machine itself, any
part of the machine, or the environment of the machine
affecting the operation thereof, (b) initiating (as a direct
result of such detection) a force or impulse other than that
generated or transmitted by the detecting means, and (c)
regulating or modifying (as a direct result of such
initiation) the operation of said machine.
(1) Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at
least four instrumentalities (or the use thereof) for
original placement herein. One of these must be a
metal-deforming machine or a device (e.g., work feeder, work
heater, product handler) necessary to the proximate function
of deforming metal. The other three are (a) a sensor (e.g.,
photocell system, trip lever, pressure diaphragm) to detect a
condition as stated in (a) of the definition, (b) an
activator (e.g., an element to make or break an electric
circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause a release of energy more
than, or different from, that accounted for by mere change in
condition (e.g., position or movement) of the sensor while it
is functioning, and (c) a controller (e.g., a motor or driver
for said machine or device) to change or cause the operation
of said machine or device. Therefore, a cam follower (or
sensor) directly linked to a controller, whereby follower
movement directly effects controller movement, is not proper
subject matter for this subclass due to lack of an activator
as defined. On the other hand, disclosure of a cam follower
that makes and breaks an electrical circuit that energizes a
motor, may be placed herein.
(2) Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the
machine is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For
example, disclosure of an on/off switch on a metal-deforming
machine manipulated by an operative to start and/or stop the
machine (even though the switch initiates a release of
energy), should be considered for subclass 1, but is not
classified herein.
(3) Note. The machine that is regulated by the control means
is not limited to a work deforming machine of this class. It
can be another machine associated with the work deformer if
the claim reciting the other machine and work deformer is
acceptable for original placement into Class 72.
(4) Note. The control system disclosed in the patents of
this and indented subclasses are similar in concept to
control systems of other classes, particularly Class 226,
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, and Class 83,
Cutting. The total operations and the claimed combinations
are, of course, different, but the control systems, per se,
found in Classes 226 and 83 are usually analogous to those
herein, and may be applicable to the machines of Class 72. In
the "SEARCH CLASS" notes for the subclasses indented
hereunder, reference to this (4) Note indicated that the
other class and subclass should be considered because the
control system, per se, of a patent in the other class may be
similar to a control system, per se, of Class 72. The notes
to Class 83, subclass 399 (which see), summarize all the
subclasses in Class 83 pertaining to "control" subclasses
therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for metal deforming with randomly actuating stopping, and
see (2) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 72 for a cutting machine with means to monitor
and control that machine.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, and see (4)
Note above.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 135 for apparatus to shape or reshape nonmetals
combined with control means responsive to, or actuated by,
means sensing or detecting a condition; see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
6.2
Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool
element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
comprising a machine including, or method employing, a
roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.2 and 30.2, for other deforming by a roller or
roller-like tool including control of the tool.
67 for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool,
subclasses 91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool
cooperating with an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+
for a roller cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller
cooperating with a work-spaced tool.
127 for deflecting to deform metal which may include use of
a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+
for "levelling" by use of relatively-inclined successive
rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by use of a roller
cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use of a roller couple.
184 for deforming by a "flying tool" that may comprise a
roller or roller-like tool.
199 for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool,
generally.
366.2 for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) roller.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 158 for rolling of metal
parts combined with independent fusion bonding of the parts;
and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling and fusion bonding
of the parts.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 363 for a press forming or press reshaping means
for nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming
surface.
Subclass:
7.1
Including use of sensor responsive to information carried by
removable auxiliary record (e.g., recording disk, tape, or
card):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including using a separate device inserted into, attached to,
or applied to, the machine, and detecting physical
characteristics of the device to control the operation of the
machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.8 for a sensor which regulates a removable auxiliary
record to responsively regulate a deforming machine other
than one which deforms by a roller or roller-like tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
66, Textiles: Knitting, 215 for knitting by use of a
pattern-responsive control means which may be removable from
a knitting device.
83, Cutting, 76.1, for cutting with use of a control means
responsive to a replaceable information program. Also, see
(4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
139, Textiles: Weaving, 317 for pattern-responsive control
means.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 9,
and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1.
Subclass:
7.2
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter
including using (a) multiple detecting means to discern a
corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single
detecting means to discern multiple characteristics; in
either case, then comparing the characteristics and
generating a resultant impulse representing the similarities
or differences between the detected characteristics, whereby
the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the
machine or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.1 14.9+ and 16.1+, for other metal deforming including
multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the
sensors.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 72 for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
7.3
Sensing "pattern":
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter
including using a contoured guide engaged by a traversing
follower connected to a metal deforming tool such that the
tool follows a path identical to the contours of the guide as
the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
(1) Note. The term "pattern" (in the title) refers to a
model or prototype insertable into and removable from the
machine and having a shape or configuration exactly similar
or proportional to the shape or configuration of the desired
product. A cam or eccentric or other object which is
distorted with respect to the desired product is not
considered to be a pattern, and disclosures of such objects
may be found in other subclasses appropriate to the
deformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.1 for a removable pattern to be used in a condition
responsive control means of metal deforming means,
generally.
82 for deforming of a rotating workpiece by use of a
"pattern" that causes tool movement without a control means
energized in response of an activator.
Subclass:
7.4
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter
including detecting a characteristic of the work* for, or the
product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.3 11.1+, 15.1+, 16.2+, and 17.3+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
7.5
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.4. Subject matter
including detecting the forward edge or the trailing edge of
moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.8 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
7.6
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.4. Subject matter
including moving the work in a given direction, and detecting
the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.9 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
8.1
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including using (a) multiple detecting means to discern a
corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single
detecting means to discern multiple characteristics; in
either case, then comparing the characteristics and
generating a resultant impulse representing the similarities
or differences between the detected characteristics, whereby
the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the
machine or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 14.9+ and 16.1+, for other metal deforming including
multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the
sensors.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 72 for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
8.2
Sensing "memory" stored on tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter
including use of structure having an impressible media
capable of holding data which is part of the instrumentality
for engaging the work for deforming, or is fixedly attached
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.1 for sensing "memory" stored on a tool or tool-linked
part to regulate a metal deforming machine that does not use
a roller or roller-like tool.
Subclass:
8.3
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter
including detecting a characteristic of the work* for, or the
product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4 11.1+, 15.3+, 16.2+, and 17.3+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
8.4
Work and product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including detecting a characteristic of the work* for the
machine and detecting a characteristic of the product* of the
same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16.4 and 18.2, for other sensing of both work and product.
Subclass:
8.5
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including detecting the degree of heat content in the work*
or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.3 12.2, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
8.6
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a flexible
portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting the degree
of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two rolling mills through which
the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
rolling mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged
against the work along a line substantially at right angles
to the direction of work movement. The position of said means
along that line indicates the tautness of the work passing
between the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.4 12.3, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of slack
or tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer " controlling feed of material, and see (4)
Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
8.7
Measuring tension distribution across width of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.6. Subject matter
including detecting the degree of tautness in an elongated
workpiece at different lateral locations perpendicular to the
length of the workpiece.
Subclass:
8.8
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including detecting the forward edge or the trailing edge of
moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
8.9
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including moving the work in a given direction, and detecting
the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
9.1
Sensing flatness (e.g., crown):
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.9. Subject matter
wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser lateral
dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the planar
characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.7 and 18.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
9.2
Sensing thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.9. Subject matter
wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser lateral
dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the extent of
the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.8 16.9 and 18.8, for other sensing of work thickness to
control a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
9.3
Of edge of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.2. Subject matter
including detecting to discern the extent of the lesser
dimension near the lateral margin of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.9 for other sensing of the edge of a workpiece.
Subclass:
9.4
Sensor utilizes radiation to detect thickness (e.g., by
X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.2. Subject matter
including use of a source of radiation and a detector
responsive to that radiation to determines the extent of the
lesser dimension by the amount of radiation reaching the
detector.
Subclass:
9.5
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter
including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a machine
element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this subclass
requires that the machine element partakes of tool movement,
either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.1 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
10.1
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter
including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a machine
element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
10.2
Sensing torque:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject
matter including used of detecting means which discerns
rotational force applied to the tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
10.3
Sensing roll rotation (e.g., speed or distance):
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject
matter including detecting movement of the roll about its
axis.
Subclass:
10.4
Sensing force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject
matter including detecting the pressure applied to the tool
or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.4 and 21.4+, for other sensing of force.
Subclass:
10.5
By sensor along roll surface and another sensor along roll
axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.4. Subject
matter including use of a first detecting means responsive to
a condition of a work engaging portion of the rolling tool
and including use of a second detecting means along the
rotational axis of the rolling tool.
(1) Note. The second detecting means of this subclass may
also be responsive to a work engaging portion of the roll or
may be responsive to condition at one of the roll chocks
(bearings).
Subclass:
10.6
By sensing hydraulic pressure applied to roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.4. Subject
matter wherein force is effected on the rolling tool by
hydraulic pressure, and wherein the sensor is responsive to
that hydraulic pressure.
Subclass:
10.7
Sensing roll gap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject
matter including detecting the location of the tool with
respect to the cooperating tool, to thereby establish the
size of the work passage between the tools.
Subclass:
10.8
Requiring operative intervention (e.g., for safety):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
in which action by a person necessary for the subject matter
to operate.
Subclass:
10.9
With pause awaiting input from operative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.8. Subject
matter including terminating a portion of the operation until
a stimulation is made by a person operating the subject
matter.
Subclass:
11.1
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including detecting a characteristic of the work* for, or the
product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4 8.3+, 15.3+, 16.2+, and 17.3+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
11.2
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received. See (1) Note, above.
13.2 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal deforming
including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors.
Subclass:
11.3
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject
matter including detecting the degree of heat content in the
work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 12.2, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
11.4
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject
matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a
flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two rolling mills through which
the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
rolling mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged
against the work along a line substantially at right angles
to the direction of work movement. The position of said means
along that line indicates the tautness of the work passing
between the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6 12.3, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of slack or
tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer" controlling feed of material, and see (4) Note
under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
11.5
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
11.6
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
11.7
Sensing flatness (e.g., crown):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.6. Subject
matter wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser
lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
planar characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.1 and 18.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
11.8
Sensing thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.6. Subject
matter wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser
lateral dimension and wherein the detecting means discerns
the extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2 16.9, and 18.8, for other sensing of work thickness to
control a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
11.9
Of edge of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.8. Subject
matter including detecting to discern the extent of the
lesser dimension near the lateral margin of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.3 for other sensing of the edge of a workpiece.
Subclass:
12.1
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject
matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a
machine element connected to the tool for movement
therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
12.2
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including detecting the degree of heat content in the
work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 11.3, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
12.3
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a
flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two rolling mills through which
the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
rolling mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged
against the work along a line substantially at right angles
to the direction of work movement. The position of said means
along that line indicates the tautness of the work passing
between the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6 11.4, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of slack or
tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer" controlling feed of material, and see (4) Note
under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
12.4
With deforming of work by sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.3. Subject
matter wherein the detector engages the work with sufficient
force to stress the work beyond its elastic limit.
Subclass:
12.5
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 11.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
12.6
Including sensor responsive to infeeder or outpuller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including sensing the device for causing material to
move into or away from the metal deforming device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.5 for metal deforming responsive to an infeeder or
outpuller, generally.
Subclass:
12.7
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 11.6+, 15.5, 16.8+, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
12.8
To control operation of deformer directly by sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.7. Subject
matter including use of a detector means, an initiator, and a
regulator which governs or causes the operation of the metal
deforming device as the immediate result of detecting the
lateral extent of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.7 for a metal deforming machine, generally, controlling
the cross sectional dimension of the work or product directly
by the sensor.
Subclass:
13.1
Including use of sensor responsive to energy input to tool or
tool driver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including detecting a variation in the power required to
drive a deforming tool*.
(1) Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with
that of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses
discloses a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this
subclass or a pressure-responsive diaphragm in the indented
subclass 20) that discerns an overload or change in load of
electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a patent for
subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.8 for a metal deforming machine, generally, including use
of a sensor responsive to energy input to the tool or tool
driver.
28.1 for a metal deforming machine, generally, and a self
regulating control system utilizing electrical or hydraulic
energy. See (1) Note above.
Subclass:
13.2
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received.
11.2 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal deforming
including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors.
Subclass:
13.3
Sensing pressure of tool actuating fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Subject
matter wherein the tool is driven by a pneumatic or hydraulic
system including detecting the force per unit of area in that
system.
(1) Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with
that of subclasses 28.2+. A patent for these subclasses
discloses a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this
subclass or a pressure-responsive diaphragm in the indented
subclass 20) that discerns an overload or change in load of
electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a patent for
subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.2 for a metal deforming machine that uses a roller or
roller-like tool and a self regulating control system
utilizing electrical or hydraulic energy. See (1) Note
above.
Subclass:
13.4
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a machine
element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 12.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
13.5
To control predetermined sequence of operating movements
(e.g., of one tool operating on work):
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject
matter including regulating the succession of function or
movement of one or more operating assemblages.
(1) Note. The term "operating assemblage", is intended to
include a tool, or any element or group of elements, acting
together, which performs an action or produces an effect upon
the work or product; or which causes a tool movement
necessary to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary
to a deforming instrumentality.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing
control of a sequence of operations or movements of a single
operating assemblage. For example, a disclosure wherein a
tool advances toward and retracts from the work, under
control of switches positioned at the limits of travel of the
tool, would be placed herein. See subclasses below for
control of different mechanisms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20.2 for sensing a tool or tool-linked part to control a
predetermined sequence of operating movements in metal
deforming, generally.
Subclass:
13.6
Of different operating assemblages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject
matter including regulating the functioning of at least two
disparate operating assemblages.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 13.5 for an
explanation of "operating assemblage".
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing
control of a sequence of operations performed by different
operating assemblages responsive to a tool. For example, a
device wherein a metal-deforming tool strikes a limit switch
causing a cutter to cut the product of the tool, and/or
causing a handler to discharge the product from the machine,
would be found in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.6 for deforming by rolling wherein the operation of a
plurality of operating assemblages is responsive to a device
other than a deforming tool.
20.3 for sequential control of different operational
assemblages in a metal deforming machine, generally.
Subclass:
13.7
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.6. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors.
Subclass:
13.8
Including work handling or product handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.6. Subject
matter including regulating an operating assemblage which
moves, guides, or affects the motion of work* or product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20.5 for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part of different operating
assemblages including work or product handling.
Subclass:
14.1
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal deforming
including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors.
Subclass:
14.2
To control operation of interlock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject
matter provided with a mechanism to prevent movement of an
element or a portion of a machine, and further provided with
a device for disabling the movement-preventing mechanism,
comprising regulating the disabling device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21.2 for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part to control operation of an
interlock.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 366 for interlock means in a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
14.3
To stop machine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject
matter comprising terminating or tending to terminate the
operation in response to a predetermined position of a tool.
(1) Note. This subclass (is not intended to include, for
original placement, a patent claiming an operation wherein a
cam surface (on or linked to a tool) directly causes movement
of a clutch element to disengage a tool from its drive. Such
patent lacks the teaching of an initiating means, and will be
placed on the basis of the deforming structure and found in
this subclass (26) only as a cross-reference.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a machine, or a part thereof, stops in response to a
random signal or impulse.
21.3 for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part to stop the operation of the
machine.
30.2 for a deforming by a roller wherein a machine, or a
part thereof, stops when an intended operation has been
completed.
Subclass:
14.4
Sensing force on tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject
matter including detecting the pressure applied to the tool
or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.4 and 21.4+, for other sensing of force.
Subclass:
14.5
By sensing hydraulic pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.4. Subject
matter including detecting the pressure on the tool by use of
a detector responsive to liquid head.
Subclass:
14.6
To control different operating assemblages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including regulating the functioning of at least two
disparate operating assemblages.
(1) Note. The term "operating assemblage", is intended to
include a tool, or any element or group of elements, acting
together, which performs an action or produces an effect upon
the work or product; or which causes a tool movement
necessary to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary
to a deforming instrumentality.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of rolling to deform
including control of a sequence of operations performed by
different operating assemblages except those responsive to
tool movement (for which see subclasses 13.6+).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.6 for rolling to deform metal including control of a
sequence of operations performed by different operating
assemblages including those responsive to tool movement; and
see (2) Note above.
21.6 for a metal deforming machine, generally, with control
of different operating assemblages.
Subclass:
14.7
Controlling deflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter
including regulating the member that deforms work by
diverting a portion thereof as it passes by.
Subclass:
14.8
Including use of sensor responsive to information carried by
removable auxiliary record (e.g., recording disk, tape, or
card):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
including using a separate device inserted into, attached to,
or applied to, the machine, and detecting physical
characteristics of the device to control the operation of the
machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.1 for a sensor which detects a removable auxiliary record
to responsively regulate a roller or roller-like metal
deforming machine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
66, Textiles: Knitting, 215 for knitting by use of a
pattern-responsive control means which may be removable from
a knitting device.
83, Cutting, 76.1 for cutting with use of a control means
responsive to a replaceable information program. Also, see
(4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
139, Textiles: Weaving, 317 for pattern-responsive control
means.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 9,
and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1.
Subclass:
14.9
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.8. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics;
in either case, then comparing the characteristics and
generating a resultant impulse representing the similarities
or differences between the detected characteristics, whereby
the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the
machine or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, and 16.1+, for other metal deforming including
multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the
sensors.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 72 for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
15.1
Sensing "memory" stored on tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject
matter including use of structure having an impressible media
capable of holding data which is part of the instrumentality
for engaging the work for deforming, or is fixedly attached
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.2 for sensing "memory" stored on a tool or tool-linked to
regulate a metal deforming machine, generally.
Subclass:
15.2
Sensing "pattern":
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject
matter including using a contoured guide engaged by a
traversing follower connected to a metal deforming tool such
that the tool follows a path identical to the contours of the
guide as the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
(1) Note. The term "pattern" (in the title) refers to a
model or prototype insertable into and removable from the
machine and having a shape or configuration exactly similar
or proportional to the shape or configuration of the desired
product. A cam or eccentric or other object which is
distorted with respect to the desired product is not
considered to be a pattern, and control disclosures of such
objects may be found in other subclasses appropriate to the
deformer.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.3 for a removable pattern to be used in a condition
responsive control means of a roller or roller-like metal
deforming means.
82 for deforming of a rotating workpiece by use of a
"pattern" that causes tool movement without a control means
energized in response of an activator.
Subclass:
15.3
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject
matter including detecting a characteristic of the work* for,
or the product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4 8.3+, 11.1+, 16.2+, and 17.3+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
15.4
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.3. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
15.5
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.3. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 16.8+, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
16.1
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
including using (a) multiple detecting means to discern a
corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single
detecting means to discern multiple characteristics; in
either case, then comparing the characteristics and
generating a resultant impulse representing the similarities
or differences between the detected characteristics, whereby
the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the
machine or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, and 14.9+, for metal deforming including multiple
sensing with comparison of impulses from the sensors.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 72 for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
16.2
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Subject
matter including detecting a characteristic of the work* for,
or the product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4 8.3+, 11.1+, 15.3+, and 17.3+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
16.3
Sensing performance of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter comprising use of detecting means responsive to the
capability of the work* or product* when subjected to its
intended use.
(1) Note. Included herein is a deforming device for shaping
an aircraft wing wherein air is passed over the wing to
determine turbulence generated thereby, and wherein the
deforming device is modified accordingly.
Subclass:
16.4
Work and product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including detecting a characteristic of the work* for
the machine and detecting a characteristic of the product* of
the same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.4 and 18.2, for other sensing of both work and product.
Subclass:
16.5
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including detecting the degree of heat content in the
work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 11.3, 12.2, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
16.6
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a
flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two rolling mills through which
the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
rolling mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged
against the work along a line substantially at right angles
to the direction of work movement. The position of said means
along that line indicates the tautness of the work passing
between the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6 11.4, 12.3, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of slack or
tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer" controlling feed of material, and see (4) Note
under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
16.7
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 18.5, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
16.8
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 18.6+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
16.9
Sensing thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.8. Subject
matter wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser
lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2 11.8+ and 18.8, for other sensing of work thickness to
control a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
17.1
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject
matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a
machine element connected to the tool for movement
therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
17.2
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Subject
matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a
machine element connected to the tool for movement
therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 18.9, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
17.3
Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray):
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
including detecting a characteristic of the work* for, or the
product* of, the machine.
(1) Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or a work* holder is
included herein.
(2) Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a
"detector"; therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement
with the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4 8.3+, 11.1+, 15.3+, and 16.2+, for other control by
sensing of work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 79, 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for a control
system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, 10 for a
control system responsive to work for feeding the work, and
see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
18.1
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal deforming
including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors.
Subclass:
18.2
Work and product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including detecting a characteristic of the work* for
the machine and detecting a characteristic of the product* of
the same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.4 and 16.4, for other sensing of both work and product.
Subclass:
18.3
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including detecting the degree of heat content in the
work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 11.3, 12.2, 16.5, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
18.4
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a
flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two deforming mills through
which the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged against
the work along a line substantially at right angles to the
direction of work movement. The position of said means along
that line indicates the tautness of the work passing between
the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6 11.4, 12.3, 16.6, and 19.2, for other sensing of slack or
tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer" controlling feed of material, and see (4) Note
under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
18.5
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, and 19.4, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
18.6
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+, and 19.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
18.7
Sensing flatness (e.g., crown):
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject
matter wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser
lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
planar characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.1 and 11.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
18.8
Sensing thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject
matter wherein the work includes a greater and a lesser
lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2 11.8+ and 16.9, for other sensing of work thickness to
control a metal deforming machine.
Subclass:
18.9
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject
matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a
machine element connected to the tool for movement
therewith.
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, and 20.1+, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
19.1
Sensing temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter including detecting the degree of heat content in the
work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 11.3, 12.2, 16.5, and 18.3, for other sensing of
temperature.
Subclass:
19.2
Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement of a
flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
(1) Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass
comprises a system including two deforming mills through
which the work passes sequentially. In the space between the
mills, the work is engaged by a detecting means urged against
the work along a line substantially at right angles to the
direction of work movement. The position of said means along
that line indicates the tautness of the work passing between
the mills, and this position is used to control the
tautness.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6 11.4, 12.3, 16.6, and 18.4, for other sensing of slack or
tension in work or product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclass 44
for a "dancer" controlling feed of material, and see (4) Note
under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
19.3
With deforming of work by sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.2. Subject
matter wherein the detector engages the work with sufficient
force to stress the work beyond its elastic limit.
Subclass:
19.4
Sensing lead end or tail end:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter including detecting the forward edge or the trailing
edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, and 18.5, for other sensing
of the lead end or tail end of work or product.
Subclass:
19.5
Including sensor responsive to infeeder or outpuller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter wherein the detector senses the device for causing
material to move into or away from the metal deforming
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.6 for metal deforming responsive to an infeeder or
outpuller, for use a roller or roller-type tool.
Subclass:
19.6
Sensing cross sectional dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject
matter including moving the work in a given direction, and
detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such
direction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
measurement of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or
radiant energy (e.g., "X-ray") detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+, and 18.6+, for other
sensing of cross sectional dimension of work or product.
Subclass:
19.7
To control operation of deformer directly by sensor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.6. Subject
matter including use of a detector means, an initiator, and a
regulator which governs or causes the operation of the metal
deforming device as the immediate result of detecting the
lateral extent of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.8 for a metal deforming machine that uses a roller or
roller-like tool, controlling the cross sectional dimension
of the work or product directly by the sensor.
Subclass:
19.8
Including use of sensor responsive to energy input to tool or
tool driver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
including detecting a variation in the power required to
drive a deforming tool*.
(1) Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with
that of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses
discloses a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this
subclass or a pressure-responsive diaphragm in the indented
subclass 20) that discerns an overload or change in load of
electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a patent for
subclasses 28+ lacks a clearly evident detecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.1 for a metal deforming machine, which uses a roller or
roller-like tool, including use of a sensor responsive to
energy input to the tool or tool driver.
Subclass:
19.9
Sensing pressure of tool actuating fluid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.8. Subject
matter wherein the tool is driven by a pneumatic or hydraulic
system including detecting the force per unit of area in that
system.
(1) Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with
that of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses
discloses a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this
subclass or a pressure-responsive diaphragm in the indented
subclass 20) that discerns an overload or change in load of
electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a patent for
subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting means.
Subclass:
20.1
Sensing tool or tool-linked part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
including detecting a condition of a tool* or of a machine
element connected to the tool for movement
(1) Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a
subclass indented hereunder requires that the machine element
partakes of tool movement, either directly or
proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, and 18.9, for other
sensing of a tool or tool-linked part.
Subclass:
20.2
To control predetermined sequence of operating movements
(e.g., of one tool operating on work):
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject
matter including regulating the succession of function or
movement of one or more operating assemblages.
(1) Note. The term "operating assemblage", is intended to
include a tool, or any element or group of elements, acting
together, which performs an action or produces an effect upon
the work or product; or which causes a tool movement
necessary to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary
to a deforming instrumentality.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing
control of a sequence of operations or movements of a single
operating assemblage. For example, a disclosure wherein a
tool advances toward and retracts from the work, under
control of switches positioned at the limits of travel of the
tool, would be placed herein. See subclasses below for
control of different mechanisms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.5 for sensing a tool or tool-linked part to control a
predetermined sequence of operating movements in metal
deforming by use of a roller or roller-like tool.
Subclass:
20.3
Of different operating assemblages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.2. Subject
matter including regulating the functioning of at least two
disparate operating assemblages.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 20.2 for an
explanation of "operating assemblage".
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing
control of a sequence of operations performed by different
operating assemblages responsive to a tool. For example, a
device wherein a metal-deforming tool strikes a limit switch
causing a cutter to cut the product of the tool, and/or
causing a handler to discharge the product from the machine,
would be found in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.6 for sequential control of different operational
assemblages in a metal deforming machine that uses a roller
or roller-like tool.
21.6 for deforming generally wherein the operation of a
plurality of operating assemblages is responsive to a device
other than a deforming tool.
Subclass:
20.4
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.3. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
(2) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 16.1 in that those
of this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received, and see (1) Note above.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors.
Subclass:
20.5
Including work handling or product handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.3. Subject
matter including regulating an operating assemblage which
moves, guides, or affects the motion of work* or product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.8 for a metal deforming machine, which uses a roller or
roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part
of different operating assemblages including work or product
handling.
Subclass:
21.1
Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject
matter including using (a) multiple detecting means to
discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a
single detecting means to discern multiple characteristics.
(1) Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this
definition differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of
this subclass are not necessarily related, nor is a
comparison made between the impulses generated thereby. The
detecting means fitting part (b) of this definition may, for
example, detect the leading and the trailing edges of a
workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature of,
a workplace.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+, for metal deforming including
multiple detecting but with comparing of the impulses
received.
11.2 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors.
Subclass:
21.2
To control operation of interlock:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject
matter provided with a mechanism to prevent movement of an
element or a portion of a machine, and further provided with
a device for disabling the movement-preventing mechanism,
comprising regulating the disabling device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.2 for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part
to control operation of an interlock.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 366 for interlock means in a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1.
Subclass:
21.3
To stop machine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject
matter comprising terminating or tending to terminate the
operation in response to a predetermined position of a tool.
(1) Note. This subclass (is not intended to include, for
original placement, a patent claiming an operation wherein a
cam surface (on or linked to a tool) directly causes movement
of a clutch element to disengage a tool from its drive. Such
patent lacks the teaching of an initiating means, and will be
placed on the basis of the deforming structure and found in
this subclass (26) only as a cross-reference.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a machine, or a part thereof, stops in response to a
random signal or impulse.
14.3 for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part
to stop the operation of the machine.
30.1 for a deforming generally wherein a machine, or a part
thereof, stops when an intended operation has been
completed.
Subclass:
21.4
Sensing force on tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject
matter including detecting the pressure applied to the tool
or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.4 and 14.4+, for other sensing of force.
Subclass:
21.5
By sensing hydraulic pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21.4. Subject
matter including detecting the pressure on the tool by a
detector responsive to liquid head.
Subclass:
21.6
To control different operating assemblages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter
provided with a plurality of diverse operating assemblages
wherein the regulating means governs the functioning of the
various operating assemblages.
(1) Note. The term "operating assemblage", is intended to
include a tool, or any element or group of elements, acting
together, which performs an action or produces an effect upon
the work or product; or which causes a tool movement
necessary to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary
to a deforming instrumentality.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of deforming including
control of a sequence of operations performed by different
operating assemblages except those responsive to tool
movement (for which see subclass 20.3).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.6 for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with control of different operating
assemblages.
20.3 for metal deforming including control of a sequence of
operations performed by different operating assemblages
including those responsive to tool movement; and see (2) Note
above.
Subclass:
28.1
WITH USE OF SELF REGULATING CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING
ELECTRICAL OR HYDRAULIC ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, at least two devices that deform work, each device
being driven or governed by a motor powered either by fluid
under pressure or by electricity, but in either case from a
source of power common to all the motors, wherein the
operation of one such motor is regulated or modified by a
change (including an incipient change) in the power demand or
operating condition of another such motor, thereby changing
(or tending to change) the ratio of power supplied to each
motor.
(1) Note. Compare the subject matter of this and the
indented subclasses (28.1+) with that of subclasses 13.1+ and
19.8+. In a device of this subclass, back pressure (in a
hydraulic motor) or back electromotive force (in an
electrical motor) as the agency to govern the operation of
another such motor, whereas a device or subclasses 13.1+ and
19.8+, clearly teaches use of a detecting means to sense a
condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.1 and 19.8+, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
28.2
Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool
element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Subject
matter comprising apparatus including, or method employing, a
roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.2 and 30.2, for other deforming by a roller or roller-like
tool including control of the tool.
67 for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool,
subclasses 91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool
cooperating with an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+
for a roller cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller
cooperating with a work-spaced tool.
127 for deflecting to deform metal which may include use of
a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+
for "levelling" by use of relatively-inclined successive
rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by use of a roller
cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use of a roller couple.
184 for deforming by a "flying tool" that may comprise a
roller or roller-like tool.
199 for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool,
generally.
366.2 for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) rollers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 158 for rolling of metal
parts combined with independent fusion bonding of the parts;
and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling and fusion bonding
of the parts.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 363 for a press forming or press reshaping means
for nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming
surface.
Subclass:
29.1
Utilizing electrical energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.2. Subject
matter wherein the motive power for a driving motor thereof
is electricity.
Subclass:
29.2
Utilizing electrical energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Subject
matter wherein the motive power for a driving motor thereof
is electricity.
Subclass:
30.1
WITH STOPPING UPON COMPLETION OF PRESCRIBED OPERATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, one or more parts of a machine that are brought to
a halt after the machine or the part has finished its
intended action.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended as the repository
for all devices that include cessation of machine operation.
Only a patent including a claim which clearly indicates
machine stoppage after the completion of an intended
operation is included herein as an "original".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for a machine, or a part thereof, which stops in response
to a random signal or impulse.
14.3 21.3, for a machine, or a part thereof, which stops in
response to a tool sensor.
Subclass:
30.2
Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool
element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1. Subject
matter comprising apparatus including, or method employing, a
roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.2 and 28.2+, for other deforming by a roller or
roller-like tool including control of the tool.
67 for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool,
subclasses 91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool
cooperating with an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+
for a roller cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller
cooperating with a work-spaced tool.
127 for deflecting to deform metal which may include use of
a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+
for "levelling" by use of relatively-inclined successive
rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by use of a roller
cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use of a roller couple.
184 for deforming by a "flying tool" that may comprise a
roller or roller-like tool.
199 for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool,
generally.
366.2 for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) rollers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 158 for rolling of metal
parts combined with independent fusion bonding of the parts;
and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling and fusion bonding
of the parts.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 363 for a press forming or press reshaping means
for nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming
surface.
Subclass:
31.01
WITH INDICATION OF CONDITION OR POSITION OF WORK, PRODUCT, OR
MACHINE ELEMENT (E.G., BROKEN TOOL ALARM, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for visibly,
audibly, or tacitly signaling information related to a
physical state or location of the work, a product, or
component of a manufacturing means of this class.
(1) Note. This subclass (31.01) is the locus of patents
directed to means for or method of signaling the occurrence
of a give condition (e.g., absent or misaligned work, etc.)
associated with a device or operation of the class type. The
signal is generally of the off or on type; if measurement or
counting is involved, the combination should be placed in the
subclasses indented hereunder.
(2) Note. The provision of a gauge, mark, or scale on a
machine table, against which the work is to be laid for
direct measurement, comparison, or placement for an operation
of the class type, is not deemed an "indicator" for this
subclass; similarly, the step of visual inspection (for
length, straightness, etc.) is not deemed detection or
indication for this subclass. A patent claiming any of the
above-noted features would be placed on the basis of its
other claimed subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for an indicator associated with randomly actuated
stopping means in metal-deforming apparatus.
6 for an indicator associated with automatic control means
in metal-deforming apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 407 for the step of testing or
indicating in a process of mechanical manufacture.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
quantitative indicator, meter, or gauge associated with
measuring or testing apparatus.
83, Cutting, 522.11 for a signal, scale, or indicator
associated with cutting apparatus.
116, Signals and Indicators, for such a device, per se.
168, Farriery, 45 for hand tools related to the installation
and maintenance of horse shoes.
235, Registers, subclass 128 for alarm mechanism applicable
to devices such as metal-deforming apparatus.
340, Communications: Electrical, 500 for an indicator in an
electrical signaling system applicable to metal-deforming
apparatus.
Subclass:
31.02
Trueness (e.g., devices for repairing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter wherein the information relates to a deviation of
deformation of the work from its intended deformation by an
operation of this class.
Subclass:
31.03
Elongate member straightening:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.02. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises a member having two ends
separated by a distance substantially longer than the girth
thereof and the intended deflection between said two ends is
zero.
Subclass:
31.04
Tube or rod bending:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises a hollow or solid elongate
cylinder having a longitudinal axis and the information
relates to the deflection of said cylinder perpendicular to
said axis.
Subclass:
31.05
Deflection angle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.04. Subject
matter wherein the information relates to the degree of
deflection of said cylinder.
(1) Note. Conduit benders and offsetters are collected
herein.
Subclass:
31.06
Tube diameter resizing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises a hollow elongate cylinder
having a cross section perpendicular to the length thereof
and the information relates to a change in girth of the cross
section without substantially altering the shape thereof.
Subclass:
31.07
Including deformation by roller or roller-like tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter including a tool having a generally circular cross
section which defines a peripheral edge which acts upon the
work while simultaneously rotating about an axis passing
through the cross section.
Subclass:
31.08
Distance between tools of tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.07. Subject
matter including a pair of peripheral edge acting tools which
simultaneously act in opposite directions upon the work and
wherein the information relates to the relative degree of
separation between the tools.
Subclass:
31.09
Work guide position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.07. Subject
matter including means for orienting or locating the work
moveable in relation thereto with respect to the tool and
wherein the information relates to the location or
orientation of the work with respect to the tool.
Subclass:
31.1
Including deformation by simple bending:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter including means for creasing or folding the work about
an axis without substantially altering dimensions of the work
in a direction normal to the axis of the crease or fold.
(1) Note. Simple bending may include the application of
plural creases about plural distinct axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.01 for a metal deforming means with a indicator wherein
the work is twisted about an axis.
Subclass:
31.11
Tool or tool driver travel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.10. Subject
matter wherein the means for creasing or folding the work is
moveable in a direction normal to the surface of the work
simultaneous with the creasing or folding operation and
wherein the information relates to the distance the creasing
or folding means is moveable.
Subclass:
31.12
Work stop position:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.10. Subject
matter including means for abutting an edge of the work to
locate the work with respect to the creasing or folding means
and wherein the information relates to the location or
orientation of the abutting means with respect to the tool.
(1) Note. The abutting means of this subclass positively
engages the work for fixing the position at which the tool
will act thereon.
Subclass:
31.13
Work drawn or extruded through die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject
matter wherein the work is pulled or pushed through a closed
die*.
Subclass:
37
WITH USE OF OPTICAL OR TRANSPARENT (E.G., VIEWING) MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising the step of, or means for,
utilizing the production, transmission, reflection, or
refraction of visible light rays in combination with a step
of, or means for, deforming metal.
(1) Note. A mere opening or recess in a machine housing to
permit visual inspection of work or tool condition is not
deemed "optical means" within the scope of the subclass
definition; a transparent window material, or a lamp, mirror,
lens, etc., is regarded as "optical means" for the purposes
of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.01 for the use of optical means in signals, gauges,
indicators, etc., in metal-deforming devices.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 520 for illuminating or viewing means
for work in cutting apparatus.
Subclass:
38
WITH EXPOSURE OF WORK TO GAS, VAPOR, MIST, OR MODIFIED
ATMOSPHERE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the
subjecting of work to the action of a gas or gaseous
suspension of material, including air under other than
ordinary ambient or atmospheric conditions, or the removal or
exclusion of air from contact with work, prior to or during
an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents directed to
(a) passive means, such as air locks, seals, etc., for
preventing contact of work with air before or during a
metal-deforming operation, or (b) active means such as
suction pump, etc., for evacuating a work-containing chamber,
or (c) nozzles, ducts, etc., for supplying any gaseous
element, mixture, or suspension (including hot, cold, or
compressed air).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for applying water or any liquid to work material for
cleaning or lubricating.
40 for sand-blasting to clean or descale work material in
combination with metal deformation.
46 for applying water or any liquid to work, for coating or
unspecified purpose.
69 128, 200, 271, 286, 342, and 364, for a disclosure of
temperature maintenance or modification which may involve gas
or vapor contact.
Subclass:
39
WITH CLEANING, DESCALING, OR LUBRICATION OF WORK OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, performing
one or more of the following operations upon the material
which is the subject of metal deformation (i.e., the work
material), before, during, or after the deforming operation:
(a) separation or removal from the surface of work material
of any or all substances which may be present thereon as a
spot or film of undesired material generally distinguishable
from the work material per se, or (b) application of a
substance to work material or to an element of a
metal-deforming device, which substance is claimed or
disclosed as an agent for reducing friction between forcibly
engaged surfaces of work material and said device.
(1) Note. Subject matter involving the application of gas,
vapor, mist, or modified atmosphere to work, prior to or
during deformation, is placed in preceding subclass 38,
regardless of specific effects thereof such as cleaning,
lubrication, descaling, etc.
(2) Note. The grinding or machining of scale or oxide from
work material is regarded as cleaning or descaling for this
subclass, if there is no claimed redimensioning of the work
material by the removal of metal.
(3) Note. The term "lubrication" is limited for the purposes
of this subclass to the application of a lubricating
substance; other arrangements which may be claimed for
reducing friction or tool wear (e.g., by joggings, ultrasonic
vibration, etc.) are treated as perfecting features of the
specific type of deforming process or apparatus concerned.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere for various purposes including cleaning or
lubrication, and see (1) Note above.
46 for "coating" of work (i.e., before or during
deformation) which may involve disclosure of cleaning,
pickling, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, Coating Apparatus, 72 for apparatus for cleaning and
coating of metal.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for a process
of cleaning metal, including pickling.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, subclass 6 for the
formation of a capacitor using etching in the process.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 299 for processes of
pretreating a base, followed by coating.
Subclass:
40
Mechanical cleaning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, effecting engagement of
work material with solid substance with sufficient force to
remove or facilitate removal of scale, dirt, or other
undesired substance from the surface of the work material.
(1) Note. The solid substance may be a specific cleaning
tool, such as a scraper or brush, or it may be an abrasive
medium as in sandblasting, or contact with other work as in
tumbling, or a metal deforming tool (and see (2) Note
below).
(2) Note. The claimed removal of scale by deflection or
deformation of work material, as in stretching, hammering, or
edge rolling, is subject matter for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for shot-blasting of metal work to deform same.
253.1 for dross removal associated with method or apparatus
for extrusion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for brushing,
scrubbing, and general cleaning apparatus.
29, Metal Working, 81.01, for a scale remover or preventer.
451, Abrading, for cleaning by use of an abradant.
Subclass:
41
Lubricating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, the application to work
material of a substance which is claimed or disclosed as an
agent for reducing friction or tool wear (i.e., a
lubricant).
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent must be
directed to lubrication of work material; this may be
accomplished by applying lubricant to a tool before or during
its engagement with work. Lubrication of machine parts
generally is excluded from this subclass.
(2) Note. In the absence of more definitive terms, the
reference to "oil", or to the reduction of friction or wear,
is regarded as defining a lubricant for this subclass. The
application of water or an aqueous solution, with no
reference to lubrication, is proper subject matter for
subclass 39 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere.
46 for coating of work (possible value as a lubricant).
69 for lubrication of tool or machine in rotating- or
gyrating-tool machine.
236 for lubrication of a roller or roller-like tool-element
or the associated machine.
463 for a tool having passageway usable for lubrication.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 90 for apparatus to shape or reshape non-metals
combined with a means to apply a coating (e.g., parting,
etc.) material to the work or work contact means.
Subclass:
42
With particular lubricant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter
wherein the lubricating substance is particularly specified,
as by chemical formulation or by recitation of a name which
identifies a single chemical organization, such as "water" or
"caustic potash".
(1) Note. Generic terms such as "oil, glass, metal, fluid",
etc., are not included here, but a descriptive species
thereof is (e.g., "palm oil"). The term "soap" is arbitrarily
considered to be specific, and when used as lubricant is
classified here.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
508, Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces,
and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, for a lubricating
composition, per se.
Subclass:
43
With means to apply lubricant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus
including structural means for causing or allowing the
lubricant to contact the work or tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, Lubrication, for lubricating apparatus in general.
Subclass:
44
With means to transfer lubricant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Device
comprising structure effective to cause movement or flow of
the lubricating medium (e.g., wick, roller).
Subclass:
45
Force feed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Device
comprising means to develop pressure in the lubricant prior
to its contact with the work or tool.
(1) Note. This subclass contains all systems for lubricating
work material where a force, other than that acting on the
work or tool, is required to transfer the lubricant.
(2) Note. The term "force" for the purposes of this subclass
excludes the force of gravity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for structure utilizing gravity feed of lubricant in a
metal-deforming device.
Subclass:
46
WITH "COATING" OF WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the
application of plastic or liquid material to work as a
coherent film, cover, or spot, prior to or during an
operation of the class type, which material or residue
thereof is disclosed as remaining on the surface of the work,
at least until said operation has been completed.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents directed to
metal deformation preceded by the application of molten,
plastic, or liquid substance to all or a portion of the
surface of work, provided that the substance or a residual
part thereof remains on the work as a distinguishable layer,
at least throughout the deforming operation, or as a more or
less durable coating. Water may thus constitute a "coating"
for this subclass.
(2) Note. The coating may be applied by brushing, spraying,
casting, molding, etc., or by any technique other than
attachment of a preform (a self-sporting shape), which latter
constitutes "assembly" for Class 29, Metal Working.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for cleaning or descaling in connection with metal
deforming.
41 for application of material claimed or disclosed as a
lubricant.
271 286, 342, and 364, for a disclosure of temperature
maintenance or modification of work material which may
involve application of fluent material as a heating or
cooling agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for process or
apparatus for assembly of objects (preforms) not elsewhere
classified, particularly 527.1 for (a) process of casting
and deforming a metal workpiece, (b) a process involving
deforming and coating plus additional treatments excluded
from this class, and (c) process involving casting or coating
subsequent to deformation.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 75 for combined coating and
noncoating apparatus, generally.
219, Electric Heating, for electric arc deposition of one
metal on another followed by metal deformation.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 90 for apparatus to shape or reshape nonmetals
combined with means to apply a coating to the work or
work-contacting surfaces.
Subclass:
47
Metal coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Patents in
which the applied coating is metal*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for extruding a metallic sheath on a cable or other
core.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 192.12 for glow
discharge sputter deposition (e.g., cathode sputtering to
deposit a metal coating, etc.), subclasses 194+ for
electrolytic apparatus (e.g., used for electroplating, etc.),
and subclasses 298.02+ for sputter coating apparatus (e.g.,
used to deposit a metal coating, etc.).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 80 for electrolytic
coating (e.g., electroplating, etc.).
Subclass:
48
BY TOOL COUPLE PRESSING TOGETHER ADJACENT SURFACE PORTIONS OF
SAME WORK (E.G., TUBE SEAMER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including a tool couple* for, or a step of
using a tool couple for, joining (i.e., securing one to
another) two or more juxtaposed margins, parts of the face,
or edges of a single piece of work.
(1) Note. A claimed tool couple will be identified with
particularity sufficient to meet the requirements of this
subclass if a claim recites any of the following: (a) the
nature of the workpiece or the product (e.g., two margins or
portions of a workpiece are locked or pressed together, or
the product formed is a tube or pipe), the characteristics of
which product indicate that a tool couple formed the product;
or (b) the function of a machine (e.g., seaming rollers,
operating as a tool couple, to unite a tube seam by
pressure); or (c) the structure of the parts of a tool couple
whose sole disclosed use is the uniting of two margins of a
single workpiece.
(2) Note. This subclass does not accept patents claiming
apparatus for assembling or for welding; see section VI, A of
this class for the locus of patents claiming such
operations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 15.1 for tube-seaming apparatus
involving welding; and subclasses 144+ for a process of
forming a tube from a one-piece blank and welding the seam.
Subclass:
49
To form helically seamed tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
wherein a tool couple joins together the margins of a piece
of work that has been deformed into a helical coil having
adjacent side margins, whereby the product formed is a
conduit or pipe having a helical joint.
(1) Note. Usually the helical coil is deflected by structure
which, per se, is found in subclasses 135+ (which see) and an
additional deformation is imposed on the work (either before,
during, or after coiling) to change the cross-sectional shape
thereof so that the adjacent margins will associate
intimately to form a helical seam. The illustrations below
(in the Figure accompanying this note) exemplify only a few
of the various forms of seam disclosed in the art. [figure]
Subclass:
50
Using roller conforming to seam contour:
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter
wherein the tool couple includes one or more rollers* to form
the joint, and wherein a cross section of the joint at the
zone of formation complements (i.e., fits into) the
cross-section of the roller(s) at that zone.
Subclass:
51
To form longitudinally seamed tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter
wherein a tool couple joins together the margins of a piece
of work that has been made by deforming metal having
thickness, width, and length dimensions, the length being
appreciably greater than the thickness of the width, so that
side margins parallel to the length contact one another,
whereby the product formed is a conduit or pipe having a
joint parallel to the length.
Subclass:
52
During longitudinal movement of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
wherein the work is moved along its length dimensions as the
joint is deformed.
(1) Note. Usually the work is a web and is deformed by
structure which, per se, is found in subclasses 176+ and an
additional deformation is imposed on the adjacent margins,
after the troughing or skelping of the work, to form the
seam.
Subclass:
53
BY SHOTBLASTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the
forcible propulsion of discrete particles against a surface
portion of work with random timing and trajectories.
(1) Note. The particles may be propelled by any means,
including air or water jets.
(2) Note. The operation is usually termed "shotblasting" or
more properly "shot peening", but is sometimes named for the
desired effect in a particular case, e.g., hardening, sizing,
upsetting, enlarging, etc. Any such teaching of metal
deformation, whether or not accompanied by abrasion, is
proper subject matter for this subclass. Process or apparatus
for burnishing a work surface, by shotblasting or other
means, is classifiable in Class 29 as indicated below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for metal deformation combined with mechanical cleaning,
descaling, or scouring, which may involve the application of
sand or shot.
54 for metal deformation by pressure transmitted through a
coherent mass of fluent material (e.g., sand or shot), as
distinguished from shotblasting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 90.01 for burnishing a surface by
shotblasting and see (2) Note, above.
451, Abrading, 38 for a process of sandblasting and
subclasses 75+ for a machine for sandblasting.
Subclass:
54
BY APPLICATION OF FLUENT MEDIUM OR ENERGY FIELD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, effecting
mechanical treatment of metal work by (a) the conduction of
pressurized fluent material in gaseous, liquid, plastic, or
random particulate form into engagement with a portion of the
surface or work and/or the development of pressure in fluent
material while it is engaged with work, or (b) the direction
of electric, magnetic, or radiant energy toward work in such
manner as to induce mechanical accelerating force therein.
(1) Note. Fluid or "fluent material" within the scope of the
subclass definition comprises compressed air or gas, any
liquid, any readily deformable plastic substance (which may
be a soft metal), any granular or particulate material which
is handled as a fluid during the deforming operation (i.e.,
is confined and subjected to pressure without regard to the
position or motion of any specific particle thereof). A
configured tool, on the other hand, such as a roller faced
with soft rubber, is regarded as a flexible tool for subclass
465.1+. (Operations with such a tool may be found in
subclasses 166+).
(2) Note. The fluent material may be confined in or by a
diaphragm or bag of deformable material, or within a hollow
workpiece.
(3) Note. The subclass definition, part (b) is intended to
embrace the process of, or apparatus for, deforming metal by
the application of heat thereto while the workpiece is held
under suitable restraint. (Melting or specific heat
treatment, is excluded from this class, (72).)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for deformation of metal by shock wave or pulsations of
fluid, or by energy field.
57 for deformation of metal by an actuated tool, the
operation being modified, supplemented, or assisted by
pressurized fluid (e.g., as a plastic core within hollow
work).
465.1 for a flexible or yieldable tool, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 421.1 for a process of shaping by direct
application of fluid pressure (e.g., expanding a liner in a
pipe).
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 586
for workpieces deformable by the application of a fluent
medium, e.g., which embody stop-weld material.
Subclass:
55
With cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for, cutting* the material
which is the subject of deformation.
(1) Note. See Relationship to Combination Classes in the
Class Definition for a discussion of included and excluded
deforming and cutting combinations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for cutting or cutter associated with metal-deforming
method or apparatus not specifically provided for in
preceding subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 177, for cutting (punching, etc.) by
fluid blast or suction.
Subclass:
56
By kinetic energy or fluid or field:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
utilizing (a) a pressure surge or repeated pulsations of
pressure in the fluent material to develop a localized,
transient, or traveling force sufficient to deform work, or
(b) an electric, magnetic, or radiant energy field effective
to accelerate work sufficiently to accomplish deformation
thereof.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, the combination
must include means for, or method of, generating and/or
releasing the energy required to produce deformation.
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus for placement of
patents directed to the use of explosives or pulsating
devices to energize work-contacting fluid, or the use of a
transient, high-intensity electromagnetic field for inducing
accelerating currents in work; or to the application of heat
for buckling or bending suitably restrained work, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430 for explosive means to drive a tool.
453.01 for fluid pressure means to drive a tool.
Subclass:
57
With actuated tool-engaging work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
wherein a rigid instrumentality is moved against the work
with deforming force.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent must
relate to the deformation of metal by means of a driven rigid
tool or work-mover, which operation is modified by,
supplemented by, or is in addition to, metal deformation by
direct engagement of work with fluent material.
(2) Note. Examples of combinations for this or indented
subclasses are:
(a) An actuated die forces work against a thick, soft,
rubber cushion.
(b) A bending press deforms pipe which has been filled or
packed with sand or plastic material to prevent collapse of
the pipe wall.
(c) A multi-tool-station machine has fluent tool means at
one station.
(d) Plural method steps comprise at least one deformation of
work by actuated tool and one by fluent material.
(e) A punch-and-die set includes one tool face having a
rubber insert engageable with the work and yieldable with
respect to adjacent tool face portions.
Subclass:
58
Expanding hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, the forcible engagement
of pressurized fluent material with the interior surface of
work, at least a portion of which has a closed periphery
cross-section so that upon deformation of the work the
interior area of said cross-section is enlarged.
(1) Note. In many instances, the actuated tool engages an
end of a tubular workpiece to upset to work while
simultaneously trapping and imparting pressure to fluid
within the work. See Fig. B in appended diagram.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for constricting or collapsing hollow work by fluid
pressure on the exterior thereof.
Subclass:
59
Corrugating tubular work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, the formation of two or
more axially spaced, substantially identical, annular
enlargements in cylindrical work.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent should be
directed to the combination of actuated tool means and
internal fluid pressure means so disposed as to produce a
series of substantially similar annular ridges and grooves in
tubular work; at least two spaced enlargements of similar
form and size distinguishes "corrugating" from the more
general inflating or expanding operations of the preceding
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for expanding hollow work against an external die by
fluid pressure within the work.
Subclass:
60
Using fixed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, limiting or restraining
the movement of work subjected to deforming force by passive
or stationary work-shape-imposing structure.
(1) Note. Compare Die* in the Glossary; for this subclass
the die should be undriven and should have a definite shaping
or reshaping effect on the engaged work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for an actuated tool or die in combination with fluid
pressure acting on work.
Subclass:
61
Expanding hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
wherein pressurized fluent material engages the interior
surface of work at least a portion of which has a closed
periphery cross-section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for expanding hollow work by a combination of fluent
pressure and actuated rigid tool(s).
Subclass:
62
In circular section die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter
wherein the passive or stationary work-shape-imposing
structure has an interior wall surface which corresponds
throughout its extent to a surface of revolution.
(1) Note. A die for this subclass may be skeletonized or
made up of spaced segments, but its interior wall surface,
wherever present, should conform to the subclass definition.
See Fig. A in diagram appended to subclass 58.
(2) Note. Some examples of tube corrugating are found here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 for an actuated tool or die in combination with fluid
pressure internally of the work.
Subclass:
63
Utilizing diaphragm between fluid and work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, utilizing a membrane or
wall of solid, yieldable material, one surface thereof being
intended to engage work and to transmit thereto force which
is developed by fluent material under pressure engaging the
opposite surface thereof during an operation of the class
type.
(1) Note. The usual purpose of such a diaphragm is to retain
the fluent material in the device for reuse, and/or to
facilitate rapid repetition of operations.
(2) Note. For placement in this subclass, the flexible wall
or sealing layer should be distinguishable from the
pressurized fluent material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 211 for a press, not elsewhere
classified, having a yieldable or bendable jaw surface.
Subclass:
64
By twisting axially moving work:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising steps of, or means for, (a)
advancing work* in its entirety in a longitudinal direction
so as to pass longitudinally consecutive cross sections of
work (the cross sections being taken at right angles to the
longitudinal direction) through a metal-deforming zone, and
(b) turning each consecutive cross section in its entirety,
with respect to other cross sections, about a line parallel
to, or coincident with, the longitudinal direction, whereby
the angular orientation of successive cross sections are
modified with respect to each other.
(1) Note. Although the title of this subclass refers to
moving work, this and the indented subclasses will accept
cross-reference patents disclosing a tool moving along a
stationary workpiece and having the work-twisting action
described above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299 for a disclosure wherein a workpiece is clamped at two
zones spaced along the work by clamps which are then rotated
to twist the work lying between the clamps.
Subclass:
65
With adjustment of machine or variation in effect of tool on
product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter
wherein the turning is accomplished by a metal deforming
instrumentality or a tool therein, or the degree of twist in
the product* can be changed or modified.
Subclass:
66
COILING BY WORK GUIDE MEMBER ORBITING ABOUT LONGITUDINAL
CENTERLINE OR FORMED COIL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, wrapping
work* about an axis-of-bend* through more than 360 deg. of
wrap by an element that engages the work with sliding contact
and revolves about, and is radially spaced from said
axis-of-bend.
(1) Note. Any point of the work traces an involute curve as
the work is wrapped about the axis-of-bend. The operation
usually includes movement of the wrapped work relatively
along the axis-of-bend simultaneously with the wrapping
thereof. By this relative movement, the product formed is a
helical-coil rather than a spiral-coil. The pitch of the
formed helical-coil depends on the speed of the relative
axial movement during the period of time needed for one
convolution of 360 deg. of wrap. (See the definition of coil*
in the Glossary of this class for discussion and
illustrations of the terms used).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 728 for apparatus similar to
that of this subclass for making of armored cable; and
subclass 435, for a process similar to that described herein,
but assembling two (or more) workpieces.
Subclass:
67
BY USE OF TOOL ACTING DURING RELATIVE ROTATION BETWEEN TOOL
AND WORK ABOUT INTERNAL CENTER (E.G., GYRATING OR ROTATING
TOOL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising a tool, or a step of using a tool,
that turns with respect to work, or with respect to which
tool the work turns, about an axis (or effective axis) that
extends through the work, which tool engages the work for
deformation while the turning occurs.
(1) Note. For the purposes of this and indented subclasses,
the following movements are defined:
(a) "Gyration" is turning of each point on the surface of a
body about an axis specific to each point while the body as a
whole remains oriented in the same compass direction. Since
all the axes are parallel to each other, they form
effectively the equivalent of one axis to fit the definition
of the subclass. The movement can be illustrated by the
movement of a pencil during the formation of the letter "O".
Many of the patents in this subclass (67) disclose the use of
a gyrating tool.
(b) "Rotation" is turning of each point on the surface of a
body about a single axis common to all such points. In
general usage, rotation is the term often used to describe
movement of the moon around the earth or of the earth around
the sun, as well as movement of the earth about its own axis;
however, in the subclasses indented below, the term "orbit"
(and its variants) has been used to describe the former two
types of movement, and the term "rotation" has been used to
describe turning of a body about its own axis.
(c) "Oscillation" is swinging to-and-fro of each point on
the surface of a body about a single axis common to all such
points. Disclosure of such movement, occurring during
deformation of work, is particularly provided for in
subclasses 73 and 74.
(2) Note. The term "turns" is intended to include only that
movement wherein all the work turns, or wherein the tool-face
turns relatively to all of the work. Disclosures wherein a
portion of the work turns and another portion does not turn
will be found in other subclasses of this schedule. An
exemplary locus of such disclosures is subclasses 64+.
(3) Note. The phrase "relative rotation" is intended to
include a clear disclosure of turning about an axis wherein
the axis passes through, or extends within, the confines of
work as the work exists before deformation. It is not
intended that this group of subclasses be the locus of
disclosures wherein a product* rotates about a centerline
unless the product centerline is also the work centerline.
Thus, a device which deforms metal about a centerline or
axis-of-bend*, wherein either the tool rotates about the
centerline of the product (not the work centerline), or the
product rotates about its centerline (not the work
centerline), will be found in other subclasses of Class 72.
Exemplary loci of such disclosures include subclasses 135+,
146+, and 212+.
Subclass:
68
With metal deformation of different type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including use of at least two separate instrumentalities to
deform work, and wherein one such instrumentality deforms the
work in a manner other than that peculiar to subclasses 67+.
Subclass:
69
With modification or control of temperature of work, tool, or
machine, or with lubrication thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein a friction-reducing medium is applied to the tool or
another portion of the deforming structure, or wherein
thermal characteristics of the work, the tool, or any part of
the deforming structure in which the tool functions are
changed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere while the work is being deformed.
39 for cleaning, descaling, or lubrication of work for, or
product of, a deforming operation.
46 for coating of work prior to deformation thereof.
Subclass:
70
With cutting of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed originally in
this subclass are limited to that cutting acceptable into
this class (72) in accordance with Relationship to
Combination Classes, With Cutting, of the Class Definitionof
this class.
Subclass:
71
By composite cutting, deforming tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein a deforming tool and a cutter are rigidly connected
together such that movement of the tool is always accompanied
by movement of the cutter and the operation of the cutter and
of the tool result from the same movement.
(1) Note. See search notes under subclass 464 for listing of
other subclasses providing for composite-deforming cutting
tools.
Subclass:
72
With actuation of cutter in timed relation to movement of
deformer or work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter
wherein the cutter operates in synchronism with the tool or
with the rotating work.
Subclass:
73
With oscillation of work about work axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the work moves to-and-fro about an axis within the
confines thereof during deformation of the work.
(1) Note. For a discussion of basic types of movement for
the purposes of this group of subclasses, see (1) Note under
the definition of subclass 67.
Subclass:
74
With oscillation of work-engaging tool surface about work
surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the tool moves bodily to-and-fro about an axis within
the confines of the work.
(1) Note. For a discussion of basic types of movement for
the purposes of this group of subclasses, see (1) Note under
the definition of subclass 67.
Subclass:
75
Spherical tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the tool is an element that is circular in all cross
sections.
(1) Note. Many disclosures in this subclass show a ball (or
a plurality of balls) forced along the inside of a tube.
Subclass:
76
Work-hammering tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein a tool engages the work with a sudden blow or
impact.
(1) Note. Many of the disclosures in this subclass show a
plurality of tools surrounding (or surrounded by) work and
delivering a quick succession of impacts to the work during
the relative rotation of the tool and work. For similar
structure wherein relative rotation does not occur, see
subclass 402, wherein the tools surround the work, and
subclass 393, wherein the work surrounds the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
393 for similar structure including a tool that is
surrounded by the work but does not involve relative rotation
between the tool and work.
402 for similar structure including a tool that surrounds
the work but does not involve relative rotation between the
tool and work.
Subclass:
77
With tool surface orbiting around axis parallel to direction
of travel of longitudinally moving work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the work moves in the direction of its greatest
dimension (i.e., lengthwise), and the tool* turns about a
center of rotation that is parallel to the direction of work
movement, whereby any specific portion of the tool face*
travels helically relative to the surface of the work.
Subclass:
78
Including orbiting roller mounted on rotating carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter
wherein the tool is a roller* turning on an internal axis and
is supported in a tool carrier* such that the roller axis
revolves about said center of rotation.
Subclass:
79
Including deflectors arranged to provide undulating path for
work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter
wherein the tool comprises a plurality of deflectors*
positioned along the path of moving work in offset
relationship, each of which deflectors forces each
successively presented portion of the work from one direction
into another direction in an arc extending partially around
an axis-of-bend* that is disposed transversely of the path of
work movement.
(1) Note. See (1) and (2) Notes under the definition of
subclass 160 for discussion of an undulating path
"leveller".
Subclass:
80
During rotation of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
wherein the work* clearly turns about its axis while
deformation occurs.
(1) Note. The expression "while deformation occurs" is
intended to restrict this subclasses (80+) to disclosures
wherein the work rotates at the time that deformation takes
place. It is not intended to include disclosures wherein the
work is rotated before or after deformation (e.g., indexing),
which disclosures have been placed elsewhere, based on tool
or work-handling structure.
Subclass:
81
With "pattern" causing movement of presser member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a contoured guide member (e.g., "templet") is engaged
by a traversing follower connected to a tool such that the
tool follows a path identical with the contours of the guide
member as the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under the definition of subclass 7.3
for further discussion of the term "pattern".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.3 for disclosure of a "pattern" that stimulates an
activator to energize a control means.
Subclass:
82
Caused by work-holding, shape-imparting form (e.g., for
"spinning"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a member turns about an axis concentric (i.e.,
coincidental) with the work axis, which member has a profile,
taken in cross section through the axis, corresponding to a
cross-sectional profile of the product to be made, and the
work* is disclosed as fixed to the member by a positively
acting clamp to turn therewith at the same velocity, so that
a tool can engage the work and deform successively presented
portions thereof into contact with the profile of the member
during turning of the work.
(1) Note. The operation described is generally known in the
art as "spinning". See the Figure accompanying this note for
an illustration of the operation. However, the term
"spinning" in a patent is not sufficient basis for placing
such a patent in this subclass (82). [figure] [caption]The
blank 1, an intermediate stage 2, and the product, 3, of a
"Spinning" operation
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for a disclosure wherein the member is stationary and
cooperates with an orbiting or rotating tool.
Subclass:
83
With means causing cooperating presser member to traverse
form surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter
wherein the tool co-acts at any particular instant of time
with a portion of the face of the turnable member and said
tool is moved (a) relative to a point on the axis of said
member and (b) along the face of the member.
(1) Note. This subclass (83) and subclass (85) below are the
loci of patents disclosing generally similar concepts, but
specifically different structure. In both subclasses a
workpiece rotates together with a form or member, and a
cooperating presser or tool deforms a continuous succession
of circumferential portions of the work. As the tool
traverses the work, it deforms a different succession of work
portions during each 360 deg. rotation of the work. However,
in this subclass (83) the claimed disclosure includes means
for, or a step of, holding of the work to the form, whereas
in subclass 85 the traversing of the tool is emphasized.
Subclass:
84
Using tool having rotating surface moving along its axis of
rotation during deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein a tool rotates on its axis of symmetry and
simultaneously travels in a direction parallel to its axis.
Subclass:
85
And means causing tool to traverse surface of cooperating
rotatable member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Subject matter
having a turnable member in addition to the tool, wherein the
tool co-acts at any particular instant of time with a portion
of the face of the turnable member and said tool is moved (a)
relative to a point on the axis of said member and (b) along
the face of the member.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under the definition of subclass 83
for a statement of the similarities and differences between
this subclass (85) and subclass 83 structure.
Subclass:
86
Using angularly related roller couple acting parallel to axis
of work rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including a roller couple* wherein the axes of the rollers of
the roller couple are not parallel to each other, and wherein
the roller couple is particularly adapted to opposingly
engage the radial surfaces of a rotating disklike workpiece
such that during metal deformation, the deforming forces of
the rollers on the work are opposed to each other and are
parallel to the work axis.
(1) Note. The term "disklike" used in this definition is
intended to include an annular workpiece having radial
surfaces opposingly engaged by the roller-couple. The product
formed is usually the wheel of a railroad car, the wheel
having a relatively thick, flanged rim connected to a hub by
a relatively thin disc.
Subclass:
87
And additional work-engaging tool, circumferentially spaced
about axis of work rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter
including at least one additional tool engaging the work for
deformation thereof at an area angularly spaced about the
work-axis from the area engaged (at any one instant) by the
rollers of the roller-couple.
Subclass:
88
Caused by tools (e.g., "platens") relatively moving parallel
to their surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the work lies between two tools, each of which tools
has a generally planar work-engaging surface, and wherein the
work is rotated and deformed by moving one of the tools
relative to the other so that the work-engaging surface of
each tool moves relative to the other tool in a plane that is
substantially equidistant from the generally planar
work-engaging surface of the other tool during operation.
(1) Note. The term "generally planar" is intended to
describe a tool comprising a plate having a plurality of ribs
and grooves therein, the tops of the ribs and the bottom of
the grooves lying within or between substantially parallel
planes.
Subclass:
89
Including rotating tool (e.g., "disk-platen"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the tools rotates about an axis
perpendicular to its planar surfaces.
Subclass:
90
Including stationary tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter
wherein one of the tools is fixed against movement during
metal deformation.
Subclass:
91
Causes by rotating tool and opposing concave surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the work lies between two tools, a first of which is
a roller-like tool*, and a second of which tools has a
non-planar work-engaging face that is curved about one or
more centerlines adjacent and parallel to the axis of the
first tool, so as to form a space of varying magnitude
between the two tools.
Subclass:
92
Nonrotating concave surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter
wherein the work-engaging face of the second tool is fixed
against arcuate movement during deformation.
Subclass:
93
With means to adjust concave surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter
including use of means to alter the position of the second
tool relative to the roller-like tool.
Subclass:
94
And movement of work laterally of rotational axis during
deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the work moves bodily in a direction substantially at
right angles to the axis of rotation of work during its
rotation and deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for two tools relatively moving parallel to their
surfaces that may move work laterally of its rotational axis
during deformation.
91 for rotating tool and opposing concave surface that may
move work laterally during deformation.
Subclass:
95
And longitudinal movement of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
wherein the work rotates about an axis, and travels along
said axis, which axis coincides with the direction of the
greatest dimension of the work during its rotation and
deformation.
(1) Note. In the operation of forming a screw-threaded
element, the element may move along its length as a result of
its rotation about its length dimension. Such lengthwise
movements, caused solely by the element being screwed into a
deformer, is specifically excluded from the limitations of
these subclasses (95+). Disclosure of such movement may be
found in subclasses 88+, 91+, and 103+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for disclosure of a tool orbiting about longitudinally
moving work.
Subclass:
96
Using external rotating tool and internal core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
including a first tool adapted to engage the inside of hollow
material being deformed while substantially filling a
cross-section of the cavity within such material, and also
including at least one other tool adapted to turn about its
axis and engage the outside of the material.
(1) Note. The term "hollow material" used in the definition
of this subclass is intended to include work that is made
hollow during the deforming operation.
Subclass:
97
Including work-piercing or work-expanding plug:
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter
wherein the first tool is provided with a portion that is,
according to the total disclosure, particularly adapted to
create an opening in the material (i.e., make the material
hollow) or to enlarge an existing opening in the material
during operation.
Subclass:
98
Using tool surfaces spaced along axis of work rotation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
including a plurality of tools placed at intervals along the
direction of work travel.
(1) Note. Many of the devices described in the patents of
this subclass function to "straighten" rod-like work.
Subclass:
99
Using hyperboloidal roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
including a roller*, the work-engaging surface of which
describes a symmetric concave curve approximating a hyberbola
when the roller is viewed as a cross-section taken along the
axis of the roller.
(1) Note. An arc of a circle or ellipse, a parabola, or a
similar symmetrical curved line is considered to approximate
a hyperbola. The Figure accompanying this note illustrates a
typical hyperboloidal roller. [figure]
Subclass:
100
Using tool cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
involving a group of three or more tools disposed relative to
the work and to each other in such manner that the tools
engage the work in substantially a common plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 110, 178, 194, and 224+, for other disclosures involving
a roller-cluster or other-tool cluster.
Subclass:
101
Using rotating tool couple relatively adjustable about pivot
normal to tool axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including a tool-couple* comprising two tools, each of which
turns on its axis, and a tool-carrier* for supporting one of
the tools, which tool-carrier is mounted to pivot about an
axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to
the axis of the tool supported thereby to position one tool
relative to the other.
(1) Note. The function of the structure described is usually
(a) to permit work to be placed within the "bite" of the
tool-couple prior to deformation, or (b) to vary the effect
of the tool couple on the work during deformation thereof.
Subclass:
102
Using noncylindrical rotating tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including a tool mounted to turn about an axis during metal
deformation, the work-engaging surface of said tool being of
a configuration that is other than a right circular
cylinder.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this definition, a right
circular cylinder is formed by rotating a straight line about
an axis that is parallel to the line. For placement in this
or indented subclasses, a patent must claim a rotating tool
having a surface that is significantly not a right circular
cylinder. Examples of such configuration include: a cone, a
helical (i.e., screwlike) groove, a barrel, and an
hour-glass, among others.
Subclass:
103
Having helical groove:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the work-engaging surface of the tool is provided
with a receding irregularity that could be traced by a point
that runs continuously round and round the tool axis while
constantly moving in one direction along the axis.
Subclass:
104
With cooperating tool rotating in same direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of tools*, at least one of which is
helically grooved, coact to deform the same work, and wherein
either (a) all the tools turn clockwise, or (b) all the tools
turn counterclockwise.
(1) Note. As disclosed in the patents of this subclass, the
tools surround the work and, as a result of the tools'
rotation, cause the work to rotate in an opposite direction
to that of the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for a similar arrangement of tools, but wherein the
tools are shaped differently from those found herein.
Subclass:
105
And cooperating, complementary tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
including a second tool having surface portions that interfit
with, or tend to interfit with, surface portions of the
noncylindrical rotating tool, and wherein the tools coact on
the same work.
Subclass:
106
And circumferentially spaced, work-engaging elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter
including an additional member touching the work at a point
on the work periphery that is angularly spaced about the
work-axis from the cooperating tools, which additional member
deforms or supports the work.
Subclass:
107
Included in roller cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein the tool is a roller*, including at least two
additional rollers that cooperate with the first to form a
roller-cluster*.
(1) Note. See the search note under the definition of
subclass 100 for the loci of other disclosures that include
use of a roller-cluster or a tool-cluster.
Subclass:
108
With cooperating tool rotating in same direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of tools* coact to deform the same work,
and wherein either (a) all the tools turn clockwise, or (b)
all the tools turn counterclockwise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for a similar arrangement of tools, and see (1) Note
under the definition of subclass 104.
Subclass:
109
Including in tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter
including a second tool cooperating with the first to form a
tool-couple*.
Subclass:
110
Using roller cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including a roller-cluster*.
(1) Note. See the search note under the definition of
subclass 100 for the loci of disclosures involving use of a
roller cluster or a tool cluster.
Subclass:
111
Using tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter
including a tool couple*.
Subclass:
112
Tool orbiting or rotating about an axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter
including (a) a tool* that turns about an axis internal to
both itself and the work, or (b) a tool that turns about a
first axis internal to itself, and is mounted on a
tool-carrier*, which tool-carrier turns about a second axis
extending through the work.
(1) Note. The notes to subclass 67 define various movements
disclosed in the patents of these subclasses (67+).
Disclosure of a rotating tool (defined in (a) above) or an
orbiting tool (defined in (b) above) will be placed in
subclasses 112+. Disclosure of a gyrating tool (defined in
subclass 67, (1) Note) will be placed in subclass 67.
Subclass:
113
Comprising transverse axis roller inside hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the tool is a roller* rotatable about its axis and is
brought into engagement with the interior surface of hollow
work* during deformation of the work, and wherein the roller
axis lies across the length dimension of the hollow work.
(1) Note. Patents placed herein disclose the work to be, for
example, a tube or pipe and the deforming tool to be a roller
therein, the roller and the work being moved relative to each
other in a direction having a component simultaneously
parallel to the centerline of the work and perpendicular to
the roller axis. The deforming action is similar to that
found in subclasses 199+, below, but the patents are placed
here because the axis of rotation of the roller passes
through the work.
Subclass:
114
Helically grooved tool threadedly engaging work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the tool turns about an axis extending through the
work, which tool is provided with an irregularity that could
be traced by a point that runs continuously round and round
the axis extending through the work while constantly moving
along that axis, and which tool is adapted to slidably engage
a portion of the work to rotate and move axially relative to
that portion of the work.
(1) Note. Most of the disclosures of this subclass show a
device for applying a "blind rivet", that is, a fastener
applied to an object from only one side, the operation not
requiring a pressure device applied to the opposite side of
the object or the fastener.
Subclass:
115
Comprising movable tool cooperating with fixes, work-spaced
tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
including a stationary member about which the tool orbits or
rotates to cooperate with the member in such manner that only
work is located between the tool in motion and the stationary
member during operation.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a
fixed tool which supports the work and imparts all or part of
its shape to the work as it coacts with the rotating or
orbiting tool.
(2) Note. The disclosures herein are similar to those in
subclass 82 above with the difference that the movements of
the parts are reversed, that is, whereas the work rotates in
subclass 82 as it is "spun", in this subclass (115) the tool
orbits around stationary work.
(3) Note. The phrase "only work is located between" is
intended to include disclosures wherein directly opposite
surface portions of work are engaged by the tools. Thus, a
disclosure wherein one tool engages an interior surface
portion of a tube and the other tool engages the opposing
exterior surface portion of that tube, would be placed
herein. On the other hand, a disclosure wherein the tools
contact chordally or diametrically opposite exterior surface
portions of a tube would not fit this definition, since in
the zone of deformation, a body of air occupies the space
between the interior surface portions of the tube. This
disclosure would be found in other subclasses, based upon the
structure of the tools.
Subclass:
116
Plural, selectively usable fixed tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the stationary tool is one of a multiplicity of such
tools alternately usable to cooperate with the tool that is
in motion.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a
plurality of stationary tools of various sizes or shapes to
accommodate variously sized or shaped workpieces and/or to
produce products of varied size or shape.
(2) Note. Usually the work is a tube which is to be flared
or flanged at an end by diametrically outward pressure of an
orbiting or rotating tool inserted into the tube end. The
stationary tool coacts with the rotating or orbiting tool by
clamping the tube around the exterior circumference, thereof,
in generally opposed relation to the interiorly positioned
orbiting or rotating tool, whereby at least a part of the
shape of the stationary tool is imparted to the flared or
flanged tube end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for similar apparatus wherein the inserted tool does not
rotate.
Subclass:
117
Outwardly acting movable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter
wherein the tool in motion is at least partially encompassed
by the work so that the movable tool acts on work tending to
force a portion of the work radially outwardly from the axis
of tool rotation extending through the work.
Subclass:
118
Including tool surface spaced along orbital axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
including a rotating tool (or tools) having a plurality of
faces engaging the work for deformation thereof, wherein the
work-engaging faces are separated by an interval measured
parallel to the orbital or rotational axis.
(1) Note. Included, for example, in this and indented
subclasses are patents disclosing a first tool face which
exerts an outward pressure on a portion of the interior
surface of a tube to produce a circumferentially expanded
area (i.e., rib or bead), and a second tool face which forms
a flange or flared area at the end of the tube. In most
cases, the two tool faces are mounted at different positions
on a rotating tool carrier*, which positions are
longitudinally separated with respect to the orbit axis. The
first and second faces may be longitudinally separated
portions of the same tool.
(2) Note. In many of the patents in this and the indented
subclass, a pipe is disclosed as being joined to an apertured
plate by passing the pipe through the plate aperture and the
deformations described in (1) Note are positioned on opposite
surfaces of the plate whereby the pipe is prevented from
shifting axially relative to the plate. However, patents
wherein the most comprehensive claim recites structure that,
by disclosure, recognizes the pipe and structure that, by
disclosure, recognizes the plate (i.e., "assembly") will be
found in Class 29, subclasses 243.517+ and 726.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 243.517 and 726, and see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
119
Including plural tools rotating on angularly related axes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
including a plurality of rotating tools turning about
separate nonparallel axes.
Subclass:
120
With actuation of tool radially:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the tool is moved toward or away from the axis of
turning during deformation.
(1) Note. The phrase "during deformation" is intended to
include disclosures wherein a means to actuate the tool is
operative at the same time that the tool is deforming the
work. Disclosures wherein a tool moving means is operative
before or after the deformation (e.g., adjusting means) would
not fit this definition and would be found in other
subclasses based upon the structure of the tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 726, and see (2) Note under the
definition of subclass 118 above.
Subclass:
121
Wherein tool is actuated inwardly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
wherein the tool is pressed toward the axis during
deformation.
(1) Note. The term "pressed" is intended to include
structure for forcing the tool against the work, towards the
axis, even though the tool may itself move away from the axis
to conform to the shape of the desired product.
Subclass:
122
Including rotating tool mounted on rotating carriers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter
wherein the tool* turns about its own rotational axis in a
tool carrier*, which tool carrier turns about a second axis
extending through the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126 for disclosure similar to that herein (122), but not
provided with means for moving the tool radially of the
second (i.e., "orbital") axis during deformation.
Subclass:
123
Including roller having noncylindrical work-engaging
surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter
wherein the work-engaging face of the rotating tool* is a
peripheral surface generated by a line revolving about an
axis wherein the line is either not straight or not parallel
to the axis.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing a
roller tool which is not a right circular cylinder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for disclosure of similarly shaped tool structure in
which disclosure the work rotates.
Subclass:
124
Comprising roller cooperating with work- spaced tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the orbiting or rotating tool is a roller* and
including a second tool* cooperating with the roller such
that only work is located between the tools during
deformation.
(1) Note. See (3) Note under the definition of subclass 115
for discussion of the phrase "only work is located between".
Subclass:
125
With work or tool locator or work clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
including means for positioning the work relative to the
tool* and/or for holding the work relative to the tool.
(1) Note. See "Work-Gripping Clamp" in the Glossary of
Terms.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing a means to
measure (i.e., gage) the positions of the tool and the work
with respect to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 281.1 for structure wherein the device
positions one part of a subassembly relative to another part
prior to, or during, the securing of the parts by
deformation.
Subclass:
126
Tool both orbits and rotates:
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter
wherein the tool turns about an internal axis and said axis
revolves about a second axis that extends through the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for a disclosure wherein the tool is moved toward or
away from the second (i.e., "orbital") axis during
deformation.
Subclass:
127
BY DEFLECTING SUCCESSIVELY PRESENTED PORTIONS OF WORK DURING
BODILY MOVEMENT THEREOF (E.G., FOR COILING, LEVELLING,
CURVING, OR TROUGHING MATERIAL IN MOVEMENT):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including an instrumentality, or step of using
an instrumentality, into which work is serially introduced in
an original direction along a path, and which instrumentality
functions to divert the work away from such path in
conformance to either of the following limitations:
(a) longitudinally consecutive quanta of work are totally
diverted from the original path to a new path about an
axis-of-bend* transversely disposed with respect to the
original direction; or
(b) longitudinally consecutive cross sections of work (the
cross sections being taken at right angles to the original
direction and each cross section having width and breadth
dimensions) pass through the instrumentality, and one of the
dimensions of the consecutive cross sections is diverted
about at least one longitudinally extending axis-of-bend with
substantially no change in the magnitude of either
dimension.
(1) Note. The "original direction" is established by
considering the movement of the work portions that are at the
entrance to the work-deforming instrumentality. Having
established an "original direction" with respect to the work
at the entrance, the longitudinal dimension of work is deemed
to be that which is moving in such direction regardless of
the extent of that dimension or of the course of movement of
any portion of undeformed material (i.e., work portions
moving in that direction are "longitudinally consecutive").
Thus, if a piece of work having a short width and a long
length moves into the instrumentality along its width
dimension "longitudinally consecutive" portions of that
workpiece extend along the width dimension. As another
example, if the metal is coiled or curved and successive
portions thereof move in a spiral or helical path into a
straightening device, the "original direction" (established
at the device) extends spirally or helically upstream of the
device and the portions are deflected from the spiral or
helical path into a straight path.
(2) Note. The definition of axis-of-bend in the Glossary of
this class is accompanied by drawings, Figures III-1 to
III-5, illustrating the products of the devices discussed in
(3) Note which follows. The term "quanta of work" (used in
part (a) of the definition) refers to portions or masses of
work, each portion having dimensions that are (a)
infinitesimal in the longitudinal direction, (b) equal to
work thickness, and (c) equal to or less than work width.
(3) Note. The following types of patent disclosures are
exemplary of those placed as original copies in this and
indented subclasses (all patents have in common a disclosure
that work is moved along an original course of movement):
(a) a device for deflecting a strand (or strip) entirely
around an axis-of-bend to form; a helical tube (illustrated
in the Figure accompanying (1) Note in subclass 49), or a
helical coil (illustrated in Figure III-3 in the definition
of axis-of-bend*), or a spiral coil (illustrated in Figure
III-2 in the definition of axis-of-bend), the product
retaining the shape imparted thereto by the deflector;
(b) a device for "levelling" (i.e., straightening) work by
moving it along a general course but deflecting each
successive portion first in one direction (partially around a
first axis-of-bend) and then in another direction (partially
around another axis-of-bend) through an undulating or
tortuous path along the general course (illustrated in Figure
III-4 in the definition of axis-of-bend), wherein the work
moves in its entirety past a group of deflectors and each
successive work portion moves in the same undulating path;
(c) a device wherein the cross-sectional configuration of
the work is reshaped by bending about a longitudinal
axis-of-bend so as to form a trough (illustrated in Figure
III-5, see the definition of axis-of-bend*) or a
longitudinally corrugated product (illustrated in Figure 2
accompanying (1) Note of subclass 180); or
(d) a device wherein a coil is rotated about its central
axis and the convolutions thereof are unwound and
straightened by deflecting successive work portions partially
around an axis-of-bend that is parallel to the coil axis and
outside the coil (this operation being the converse of the
coiling described in paragraph (a) herein above).
(4) Note. A full discussion of the differences between the
structure and function of patents for this class (72) and the
patents for Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding will
be found in Lines With Other Classes, Other Class
Relationships, and References to Other Classes, of this class
definition (72)
(5) Note. With respect to paragraph (b) of the definition of
this subclass (127), the term "deflecting" is limited to
bending without change in the cross-sectional area of the
material as the work is deformed. If the product of a
deforming operation has a cross-sectional area greater than
or less than that of the work entering the deforming
instrumentality, the deformation is not considered to be a
deflecting operation. Such deformation may be found in
subclasses pertaining to the reduction of size, as for
example, subclasses 199+ wherein a roller-couple reduces the
cross-sectional area of the work; subclasses 274+ wherein the
area of work is reduced by "drawing" through a die, and
subclasses 343+ wherein a sheet is "drawn" into a shell or
cup.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 603
for metallic stock of nonplanar uniform thickness or
nonlinear uniform diameter.
Subclass:
128
With modification or control of temperature or work, tool or
machine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for, changing or regulating the
degree of heat content of the work*, the deflector* or any
part of the deforming instrumentality wherein the deflector
functions.
(1) Note. Included within the concept of "regulating" is
preventing the temperature from changing. For example, a
cooled bearing in the machine, or a heated deflector
operating on hot work, will warrant original placement of a
metal deflecting patent having such claimed structure into
this subclass (128).
(2) Note. The schedule of this class (72) contains other
subclasses pertaining to temperature modification or control
in other deforming operations.
Subclass:
129
With cutting of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for cutting the work* for, or
product* of, or deflecting operation.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed originally in
this subclass (129) and indented subclasses are limited to
that cutting described in Lines With Other Classes,
Relationship to Combination Classes, With Cutting, of this
class.
(2) Note. The schedule of this class (72) contains other
subclasses pertaining to cutting with other types of
deforming operations.
Subclass:
130
And deforming of work or product (other than by deflecting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for, additionally deforming
metal in some manner differentiated from deflecting.
(1) Note. This subclass will take a disclosure of deflecting
plus cutting plus deforming wherein the deforming is, per se,
classified below subclass 184.
Subclass:
131
And stopping of work movement during cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
wherein the cutting of the work is done only while the work
is stationary.
Subclass:
132
And actuation of cutter in timed relation to deflector or
work movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter
wherein the cutting is done in synchronism with the
deflecting or feeding of the work.
(1) Note. Included within the concept of the term "in
synchronism" is a device wherein the cutter is driven from
the same power source that also drives the deflector or the
work feeder such that the operation of the elements is
clearly interrelated.
Subclass:
133
With feeding of discrete articles or orienting of work
relative to deflector (other than by deflector):
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
relative to deflector including means for presenting work
having a determinate length to a deflector*, or for
positioning work laterally with respect to the deflector,
which means does not itself work.
(1) Note. An instrumentality of the type which characterizes
the patents of subclasses 127+ is usually "self-feeding",
that is, it pulls the work through or within the deforming
instrumentality as it deforms the work. A patent disclosing
or claiming a self-feeding deflector will not be placed as
original in this subclass (133) but will be placed in
accordance with the deflector structure.
Subclass:
134
With use of means to remove product from deflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
including use of means for positively moving product* away
from a deforming instrumentality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for structure which may be removed or partially
disassembled to permit product removal from deflecting
instrumentality.
250 257, 328, 361, and 426+, for other product handling.
Subclass:
135
To form helical coil or tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality accomplishes, or is provided with
additional means that accomplishes, a further diversion of
the successively presented portions along the transversely
disposed axis-of-bend*, thereby adding a helical pitch to the
produced coil*.
(1) Note. It will be noted that the "transversely disposed
axis-of-bend" is referred to in paragraph (a) of the
definition of subclass 127.
(2) Note. The diversion of the work around the axis-of-bend,
and the diversion along said axis can be accomplished by
separate devices or by a single mechanism that combines the
functions of both devices.
(3) Note. For illustrations of a tube and a coil, see the
Figure accompanying (1) Note of subclass 49, and Figure III-3
(in the definition of axis-of-bend*), respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for the manufacture of a helically- seamed tube.
371 for a method of coiling not involving the use of any
particular structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 592
for a metallic stock which is helical or has a helical
component.
Subclass:
136
Including thinning of helical portion of work section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises two elements: (a)
having work-engaging surfaces extending transversely across
the direction of movement of the work, and (b) engaging
opposite faces of the work, and in which as claimed or
disclosed, the distance between the work-engaging surfaces is
less at one side margin of the work than at the other side
margin thereof, and also less than the original work
thickness.
(1) Note. Usually a deflector* of this class (72) includes a
member inclined to the direction of travel of moving work,
which member engages a side to divert the work into a coil.
In this subclass (136) the coiling is the result of the work
being squeezed between two pressure surfaces (e.g., rollers,
hammers, etc.), between which the work passes. The squeezing
of one side margin elongates the squeezed margin with respect
to the other margin, thereby effectively causing a deflection
out of the course of work movement. See the Figure
accompanying this note for illustration of pressure surfaces
comprising rollers*. [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for similar structure wherein the work is merely curved
as distinguished from coiled.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 592
for metallic stock which is helical or has a helical
component.
Subclass:
137
With deforming of work or product (other than by coiler):
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
further provided with means for deforming work, which means
functions in a manner different from the instrumentality
defined in subclass 135.
Subclass:
138
By use of means acting by and during machine operation to
form coil of irregular pitch and/or diameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
including use of means to produce a coil that is not uniform
as to its helix angle (i.e., pitch) or its radius of arc
(i.e., diameter) or both, which means is driven from the same
power source that causes deflection of the work into a coil,
and operates while the deformation occurs.
(1) Note. The structure defined facilitates the production
of a helical coil in other than regular cylindrical form. The
coil shown in the Figure accompanying this note is the result
of changing the radius of bending during manufacture.
[figure]
(2) Note. Also placed in this or indented subclasses would
be a disclosure of a machine for producing a coil of
nonuniform pitch or nonuniform diameter (e.g., an
"hour-glass" configured bed spring), or a machine for varying
the radius of the coil convolutions as the coil is being
produced.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 and 143, for means for adjusting an instrumentality to
produce coils of different pitch and/or diameter.
Subclass:
139
Including noncyclindrical core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter
wherein the coil-changing means includes an arbor that has a
configuration other than that of a right circular cylinder.
(1) Note. Patents placed herein include those disclosing a
mandrel having (for example) a conical shape or a noncircular
cross section onto which the work is deflected, and from
which the coil acquires its shape during deformation of the
work into a coil.
(2) Note. For a discussion of "right circular cylinder", and
examples of structure that is not a right circular cylinder,
see (1) Note under the definition of subclass 102.
Subclass:
140
By interchangeable or selectable tool portion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
including means on or within the instrumentality permitting
(a) substitution of another diverting means therein, or (b)
use of another work-engaging portion of the diverting means.
Subclass:
141
By multiconvolutional tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality that engages and diverts
successively presented portions of the moving work continues
to engage and guide the produced coil through more than 360
deg. of movement of said portions around the axis-of-bend*.
(1) Note. Patents placed in this subclass disclose a
deflector, pitch-adder tool having a helically-shaped path
that confines the produced coil to movement within that
path.
Subclass:
142
By work guide and rotatable work-holding core:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises: (a) an arbor having
claimed or disclosed means thereon, or cooperating therewith,
for temporarily securing the work relatively thereto; and (b)
means adjacent to, and cooperating with, the arbor and
directing the work to or towards the peripheral surface of
the arbor in which the arbor turns about its central axis.
(1) Note. Patents in this and indented subclasses disclose
the pitch adder as an arrangement wherein the core (i.e., the
arbor of (a) above) and the work-guide (i.e., the
work-directing means of (b) above) are relatively movable.
Pitch is added to the product by moving the core along its
axis or by traversing the work-guide along a line parallel to
the axis; see subclass 144 indented hereunder for the
traversable work-guide.
Subclass:
143
Add means to change pitch of coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
including means for altering the effect of the pitch adder on
the successive work portions, whereby the pitch of the
produced coil is altered.
(1) Note. For discussion of "pitch" see the definition of
coil* in the Glossary of this class.
(2) Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing
means for moving the core and/or the work guide relatively
along, or parallel to, the core axis, and means for changing
the relative movement. The change is made while the
instrumentality is not operating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a disclosure of adjustment of pitch and/or diameter
during machine operation, and see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
144
And means to traverse work guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
including mechanism for moving the work guide uniformly along
a line parallel to the core axis.
(1) Note. The work guide and the core are discussed in (b)
and (a) respectively, in the definition of subclass 142,
above.
Subclass:
145
By movable periphery tool external of coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality includes a work-engaging surface
(or group of surfaces) facing the axis-of-bend*, wherein the
surface(s) moves relatively to said axis and also moves with
the deflected product portions during coiling.
(1) Note. The surface may be driven, or may be moved solely
by frictional contact with the moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for disclosure of tube-seaming apparatus showing use of
one or more rollers outside of the tube that is being
produced.
Subclass:
146
To form spiral coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality diverts work around a transverse
axis-of-bend* to produce a coil* having a plurality of
radially superimposed convolutions or whorls.
(1) Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Other Class
Relationships, Class 242, of this class (72) for the
differences between the subject matter of this subclass (146)
and the subject matter of Class 242.
Subclass:
147
With interposes of space adjacent coil convolutions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein a member (or plurality of members) is (or are) moved
with the work or product into contact with a whorl of
deflected product to separate each whorl from the previously
deflected whorl and the next deflected whorl.
(1) Note. This subclass (147) will serve as a locus of
cross-reference patents disclosing the making of a metal open
spiral coil (i.e., a coil, similar to a balance spring,
having spiral convolutions wherein successive convolutions do
not contact one another.
Subclass:
148
With core inside coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter
wherein the work is deflected onto an arbor to form the
convolutions of the coil.
(1) Note. The Figures below illustrate two exemplary forms
of "blocker and core" used to start the winding of a strip
around a core or arbor. In one form a belt (backed by
rollers) surrounds the core; in the other, rollers (without
the belt) urge the first convolutions of a strip around the
core. [figure] [caption]Belt Blocker and Core [figure]
[caption]Roller Blocker and Core
Subclass:
149
By use of work-contacting wiper and moving, work-holding
form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises: (1) a first member
adjacent the work and engaging a surface thereof, to confine
the work to movement along its original direction, and
cooperating with (2) a second member movable in an arc about
an axis-of-bend*, which axis-of-bend is disposed transversely
of the direction of work movement, said second member having:
(a) a peripheral surface tangent to said course and along
which surface the work is to be laid thus imparting the shape
of the surface to the product, and (b) means for temporarily
securing a portion of said work to said surface so that the
secured portion partakes of all movement of said second
member, while trailing portions are constrained by the first
member and the work is deformed by and between the two
members.
(1) Note. The first (i.e., work-engaging) member is usually
referred to in the art, and will hereinafter be referred to
in these definitions, as a "wiper". The second (i.e.,
work-holding) member is usually referred to in the art, and
will hereafter be referred to in these definitions, as a
"former".
(2) Note. In operation, the work is held to the form tangent
to the surface thereof and the form is rotated, usually
through less than 360 deg.. In the absence of a wiper the
work would revolve around the form with its lead end tangent
thereto; however, the wiper is used to confine the
underformed work portions to their original direction of
movement. The work-gripping form thus pulls the work with the
form surface as the form rotates, deflecting the gripped work
portion and successive portions away from the course and
partially around the axis-of-bend, and the wiper acts on
successively presented work portions to urge the work into
contact with successive portions of the form surface.
Subclass:
150
With core inside hollow workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including a member that substantially contacts all of the
interior periphery of that section of hollow work* that is
engaged by the deforming instrumentality.
(1) Note. The core disclosed in the patents in this subclass
usually functions to prevent undesired distortions in tubular
work during the bending thereof.
Subclass:
151
With tensioning or work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including use of means for applying a tensile stress to the
work during the deflecting thereof.
(1) Note. The tensioning is usually by a structure,
additional to the wiper and former, that would tend to pull
the work rearwardly except for the greater effect of the
former that pulls the work to itself. However, this subclass
(151) is also a locus of patents disclosing a wiper and
former plus a "drag" or "brake" on the work that tends to
retard work movement, thereby applying a tension to the
work.
(2) Note. As work is bent by deflection, that side of the
material facing the axis-of-bend* is placed under compression
whereas the opposite side is placed under tension. The
"tension" described in this (2) Note is not sufficient to
warrant placement of a patent into this subclass.
Subclass:
152
With deforming or work or product (other than by wiper and
former):
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
further including a deforming means other than that peculiar
to subclass 149.
Subclass:
153
And means to impart compound motion to form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including means for moving the form simultaneously (a) in its
rotation about the axis-of-bend*, and (b) in its translation
in a direction at right angles to said axis.
Subclass:
154
Including back-up travelling wiper (e.g., follow bar):
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein the wiper comprises a first element engaging the
surface of the work and moving therewith either along or
parallel to the course of movement thereof, and a second
element applying force at right angles to both the course and
the axis-of-bend*, the second element thereby urging the
first element into engagement with the workpiece.
(1) Note. The purpose of this structure is to prevent
sliding contact between the wiper and the work. Since the
travelling wiper moves with the work, the surface of the work
is thus not marred by the wiper.
Subclass:
155
And means to urge wiper toward form surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including means for biasing the wiper toward the form.
(1) Note. The terms "wiper" and "form" are defined in the
definition and notes of subclass 149.
(2) Note. A patent disclosing a wiper, the position of which
is adjusted before deflection, but unchanged during
deflection, will not be placed in this or indented
subclasses. See subclass 158 for such adjustable wiper.
(3) Note. Included in this subclass (155) are patents
disclosing, for example, lever means, hydraulic means, or
spring means as the blasting force.
Subclass:
156
And interrelated means to move form and gripper element
thereon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
wherein (a) the work-holding means and the form includes a
part movable with respect to the form, for securing the work
to the form, and includes mechanism to move the part, and (b)
there is also included a mechanism for moving the form, and
wherein the part moving mechanism and the form-moving
mechanism are connected together or are moved in synchronous
relationship one to the other.
(1) Note. In usual operation the mechanisms are actuated by
a drive means common to both, such that first the work is
gripped and then the form is moved.
Subclass:
157
Including interchangeable or adjustable wiper or form:
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including means permitting either: (a) by substitution of
another wiper or another form, or a portion of either member,
or (b) by variation in the position of the wiper relative to
the form of the work.
Subclass:
158
Comprising adjustable wiper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the position of the wiper is alterable at will.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass (158) are patents
wherein the wiper is adjusted closer or further from the form
to accommodate work of different size, or wherein the wiper
is repositioned to change the direction of bending of the
work.
Subclass:
159
And work-complementing gripper faces (e.g., contoured):
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter
including work-holding elements on the form, said element
having surfaces which are nonplanar and match or fit
corresponding surfaces of the gripped portion of the
workpiece.
(1) Note. The "work-holding elements" were described in the
definition of subclass 149 in part (2) section (b) as means
for temporarily securing the work to the form. In this
subclass (159) are found disclosures of gripper elements for
gripping threaded pipe, flared tubing, I-beams, or other
objects having a contoured cross section.
Subclass:
160
By use of deflected arranged to provide longitudinally
undulating path for work (e.g., "levelling"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality includes a plurality of
deflectors* positioned along the path of moving work in
offset relationship, each of which deflectors forces each
successively presented portion of work from one direction
into another direction in an arc extending partially around
an axis-of-bend* that is disposed transversely of the path of
work movement.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are
patents disclosing operations known in the art as
"straightening" and "levelling". These patents have a
plurality of deflectors located adjacent a course of work
movement along a straight line from entrance end to exit end
of the instrumentality. At least one of the deflectors is
intruded into the line from one side and another deflector is
adjacent to, or intruded into, the line from another side.
As the work passes along the successive deflectors, any
specific work portion will move along the course, be
deflected in one direction by a first deflector, and that
specific portion will be deflected in another direction by
another deflector. The work within the instrumentality is
engaged by a plurality of deflectors simultaneously, so that
at any instant of time the work has formed therein a
plurality of deflected portions similar in shape to a "roller
coaster" track extended into a single compass direction.
However, each specific portion passes through a sinuous path.
In many disclosures it is clear that the amplitude of the
deflections is greatest at the entrance end of the device and
least (or zero) at the exit end thereof, so that at the exit
end the product is straight or planiform. An illustration of
a typical "leveller" appears in Figure III-4 under the
definition of axis-of-bend* in the Glossary of this class.
(2) Note. Patents placed originally in this and indented
subclasses disclose an operation wherein a stress is applied
to work because of, and during, its passage through an
undulant path. See the disclosures of subclass 205 for an
undulant path "tension bridle" as a retarding means in a
roller couple system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 and see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
161
With deforming of work or product (other than levelling):
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject
matter, further provided with means for deforming work, which
means functions in a manner different from the
instrumentality defined in subclass 160.
Subclass:
162
Including relatively inclined successively rollers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
including a first-acting roller* and a second-acting roller
positioned so that, even viewed along the direction of work
movement, the axes of the rollers overlie in crossing
relationship (i.e., their projections intersect on a plane
perpendicular to the line of sight).
(1) Note. Some patents in this subclass (162) disclosure
rollers arranged in two (or more) groups including a first
group having rollers on vertical axes and another group
having rollers on horizontal axes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for similar structure including successive roller
couples angularly related, but not providing an undulant
path.
Subclass:
163
And back-up means for roller deflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality has a plurality of rollers* for
deflecting work, and the rollers are supported against
movement at right angles to the axes thereof by means located
between the ends of the work-engaging surfaces of the rollers
and in contact therewith.
(1) Note. The deflecting rollers engage the work and are
between the work and the back-up means. The pressure exerted
by the work in resisting deformation is transmitted through
the rollers to the back-up means, rather than being absorbed
by the rollers along.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241.2 for disclosure of similar back-up means in a roller
couple carrier and not providing or causing an undulant
path.
Subclass:
164
And adjustable carrier for deflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
wherein one or more of the deflector (s)* is (are) supported
in a tool carrier* and the tool carrier is mounted so that
its position within the instrumentality may be altered.
Subclass:
165
Including tier or roller deflectors on carriers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Subject matter
wherein a tool carrier* is located on one side of the course
of work movement and supports a plurality of rollers*
therein.
Subclass:
166
By use of deflectors arranged to bend work longitudinally of
direction of work movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality diverts successively presented
work portions from their original direction into an arcuate
second direction at least partially about an axis-of-bend*
that is disposed transversely of said original direction.
Subclass:
167
Including thinning portion of work section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises elements (a) having
work-engaging surfaces extending transversely across the
direction of movement of the work, and (b) engaging opposite
faces of the work, and in which, as claimed or disclosed, the
distance between the work-engaging surfaces is less at one
side margin of the work than at the other side margin
thereof, and also less than the original work thickness.
(1) Note. See subclass 136 and the Figure accompanying (1)
Note therein for further discussion of the apparatus and an
illustration of an exemplary form thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for similar structure plus a pitch adder wherein a
helical coil is formed, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
168
With deforming of work or product (other than bending
longitudinally):
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
further provided with means for deforming work, which means
functions in a manner different from the instrumentality
defined in subclass 166.
Subclass:
169
With handling of curved product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
including means, additional to the instrumentality, for
manipulating the product* within the instrumentality; or
including means disclosed as permitting the product to be
manipulated within, or removed from, the instrumentality.
(1) Note. In many patents, there is a teaching that the
product is wrapped around a core which is supported at both
ends and is mounted so that the instrumentality may be
partially disassembled to permit removal of the product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for means to remove the product from the
instrumentality.
Subclass:
170
Including three concurrently acting delta-arranged deflector
elements:
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises an integrated
assemblage of three (or more) members acting at the same time
on the moving work, wherein two members are located so as to
be spaced along one side of the course of work movement and a
third member is located on another side of said course.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are
patents disclosing such exemplary roller arrangements as
those known in the art as "pyramid" rollers, illustrated in
Figure 1 accompanying this note, and those known in the art
as "pinch" rollers, illustrated in Figure 2 accompanying this
note. The difference between the two exemplary arrangements
is, as illustrated, the spacing between rollers. In view of
the fact that few patents claim this different spacing no
subclasses based upon this difference have been established.
In either of these arrangements the "downstream" roller may
be replaced by a plate, block, or other similar member which
the work engages and on which it slides, as illustrated in
Figure 3 accompany this note. Patents disclosing structure
similar to this illustration (Figure 3) will be found in
subclass 172 below. [figure] [caption]Figure 1 [figure]
[caption]Figure 2 [figure] [caption]Figure 3
Subclass:
171
And additional work-deflecting or working- constraining
element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
including use of a member additional to such three members
(defined in and required by subclass 170) which additional
member engages the work and guides, or deflects, or supports
the work as it is acted upon by the three members.
(1) Note. Include herein subclass (171) are patents
disclosing the fourth member as constraining the work by
preventing its re-entry into contact with the three members.
Subclass:
172
Comprising two rollers and guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein the three members consist of two rollers* and a
third, passive member, which is not a roller, engaging and
acting on the work, while remaining stationary.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are patents disclosing
the third member to be a roller* rotatable about its axis.
Such patents will be found elsewhere, for example, in
subclass 170.
(2) Note. For an illustration of the type of structure found
in this subclass, see Figure 3 accompanying (1) Note of
subclass 170.
Subclass:
173
Including adjustable element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter
wherein the position of at least one of the members relative
to the other member(s) may be altered.
(1) Note. The deflecting member is usually held in an
adjustable tool carrier*.
Subclass:
174
And interrelated means to adjust plural elements
simultaneously:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter
including two or more adjustable members, and further
including means for altering the position of all of the
adjustable members by a drive means common to all.
(1) Note. In accordance with the definitions of subclass 173
and this subclass (174), a disclosure of a single adjustable
tool carrier* holding two or more deflectors would be placed
herein subclass (174) since all the deflectors are adjusted
at the same time.
Subclass:
175
Comprising rectilinearly reciprocable carrier for element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter
wherein the adjustable member is held in a tool carrier*
which is movable to and from the work along a straight line.
Subclass:
176
By use of deflector arranged to bend work transversely of
direction of work movement (e.g., troughing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
comprising an instrumentality which functions to divert work
in conformance with the limitations expressed in paragraph
(b) of the definition of subclass 127.
(1) Note. See the definition of axis-of-bend, and Figure
III-5 therein, for further discussion and illustration of one
of the products formed by the structure of this and indented
subclasses.
(2) Note. In accordance with (5) Note under the definition
of subclass 127, bending caused by, or accompanied by a
reduction in the cross-sectional area of a workpiece is not
to be found in this or indented subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 147 for a method of
making a tube by skelping it and welding the tube seam.
Subclass:
177
With deforming of work or product (other than bending
transversely):
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
further provided with means for deforming work, which means
functions in a manner different from the instrumentality
defined in subclass 176.
Subclass:
178
Including roller cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality includes three or more
cooperating rollers* that form a roller cluster*.
(1) Note. See the search note under the definition of
subclass 100 for the loci of disclosures involving use of a
roller cluster or a tool cluster.
Subclass:
179
Including complementary roller couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality includes two noncylindrical
rollers disposed so that their axes lie in a common plane and
work passes through (intersects) said plane between
work-engaging surfaces of the rollers, and wherein, at that
plane, the surface of one roller interfits (or tends to
interfit) with the surface of the other roller.
(1) Note. The Figure accompanying this note illustrates one
example of a complementary roller couple. [figure]
Subclass:
180
Including plural axially spaced circumferential ribs and
grooves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter
wherein the profile of each roller (i.e., the outline of the
roller's work-engaging surface at the plane) is an undulant
line (i.e., is alternately convex and concave relative to the
roller axis) and wherein the convexities and concavities of
one roller profile interfit (or tend to interfit) with the
concavities and convexities respectively of the other roller
profile.
(1) Note. Figure 1 accompanying this note illustrates one
example of a ribbed and grooved complementary roller-couple.
An example of the product of this roller-couple is
illustrated in Figure 2 accompanying this note. [figure]
[caption]Figure 1. Direction of Work-piece Movement. [figure]
[caption]Figure 2. Direction of Work-Piece Movement.
Subclass:
181
Including plural successively acting roller couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter
wherein two or more roller couples*, at least one of which is
a complementary roller-couple, are positioned so that
serially consecutive work portions are sequentially engaged
by said roller-couples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234 for a similar arrangement of plural roller-couples.
Subclass:
182
Including roller couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter
wherein the deflector* includes two rollers that form a
roller-couple.
Subclass:
183
By tension applied to work or product (e.g., uncoiling):
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter
wherein the instrumentality comprises means for applying a
tensile stress to the work during deformation.
(1) Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the
straightening of coiled metal by pulling on the free end
thereof with a force sufficient to uncoil and deform the
metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for a disclosure wherein metal passes through a
roller-couple that reduces the thickness of the metal while
it is under tension.
274 for a disclosure wherein metal passes through a
closed-periphery die that is smaller in area than the
cross-sectional area of the metal while it is under tension.
Subclass:
184
BY USE OF "FLYING TOOL" ENGAGING MOVING WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter including apparatus, or method employing
apparatus, wherein work* moves in its entirety along a
predetermined path, both to said apparatus and during
deformation by said apparatus, which apparatus comprises a
tool face* having two components of movement, one being
toward the work into deforming engagement therewith and the
other being in the direction of work movement during
deformation.
(1) Note. A roller* that rotates about an axis, which axis
is fixed relative to a deforming instrumentality or is
movable only towards (but not with) the moving work, is not
considered to be a flying tool for this and indented
subclasses. However, a roller mounted on an axis that moves
with and parallel to the work surface during deformation is
considered to be a flying tool, and a roller-like-tool*
comprising a noncircular surface rotating about an axis is
also considered to be a flying tool.
(2) Note. The definition is intended to include a patent
disclosing introduction of work into an apparatus along a
predetermined compass direction and deformation of such work
by a tool-face as the work and tool-face move along the
opposite compass direction. Examples of such disclosure are
found in subclass 189. The definition is not intended to
include a patent disclosing introduction of work into an
apparatus along a first direction and deformation by a tool
as the work and tool move along a direction substantially at
right angles to the first direction. Examples of such
disclosure are found in subclasses 343+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for disclosure of "push-drawing" and see (2) Note
above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 284 for disclosure of a "flying tool" wherein
the tool is a cutter.
Subclass:
185
With cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing cutting means or method placed
as originals in this subclass are limited to that cutting
acceptable into this class (72) in accordance with Lines With
Other Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes, With
Cutting, of this class.
Subclass:
186
By composite cutting, deforming tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein the deforming tool and the cutter are rigidly
connected together such that movement of the tool is always
accompanied by movement of the cutter, and the operation of
the cutter and of the tool results from the same movement.
(1) Note. See the search notes under subclass 464 for a
listing of other subclasses providing for composite cutting,
deforming tools.
Subclass:
187
Included in plural deforming stations or passes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
including at least two groups of cooperating tool-faces*, one
of which groups comprises a flying tool operating upon work
moving sequentially between the tool-faces of each group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226 for disclosure of plural roller-couples successively
used.
Subclass:
188
Passes spaced along axis of rotating tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter
wherein one of the tool faces of each of a plurality of such
groups constitutes part of the same roller-like tool*, each
tool-face being set apart from the other(s) at intervals
occurring lengthwise of the axis of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221 for disclosure of axially spaced passes in a
roller-couple.
Subclass:
189
Including accurately oscillating tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein the tool-face* moves in a curved path through less
than 360 deg. of movement during the deforming operation, and
returns in the same curved path.
(1) Note. The return motion of the tool face may be either
an idle (nondeforming) movement or a deforming movement.
(2) Note. See (2) Note under the definition of subclass
184.
Subclass:
190
Including orbitally moving tool-face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter
wherein the tool face travels in a closed loop path.
(1) Note. If a tool face travels along a path during
deformation and returns along the same path during an "idle"
(nondeforming) movement, the path is not a "loop" therefore a
patent disclosing such an operation would be placed in
another subclass within this group of subclasses.
Subclass:
191
Moving in circular orbit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter
wherein all parts of the tool's face are fixed to each other
and turn about a common center, whereby the closed loop path
is a circle.
Subclass:
192
With cooperating rectilinearly moving tool (e.g., "anvil"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
whose tool-face* co-acts with a second tool having a
tool-face that moves to and from in a straight line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
207 for disclosure of a rectilinearly moving tool
cooperating with a roller.
Subclass:
193
Comprising tool inside hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter
wherein the second tool-face acts on the inside surface of
hollow work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208 for disclosure of a tool inside hollow work cooperating
with a roller.
Subclass:
194
Included in tool cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
including a group of three or more tools disposed relative to
the work and to each other such that the tools simultaneously
engage the work in substantially common plane.
(1) Note. See the search note under the definition of
subclass 100 for the loci of other disclosures involving use
of a roller cluster or a tool cluster.
Subclass:
195
Circumferentially adjustable relative to work-spaced
cooperating surfaces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
whose tool face* coacts with a second rotatable tool, and
wherein the tool-face of one of the tools may be repositioned
about its center relative to the cooperating tool-face.
Subclass:
196
With cooperating complementary (e.g., conjugated) tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
whose tool face* coacts with another tool-face, wherein one
tool-face has a protuberance extending from said one tool
toward the work, and the other tool-face has an indentation
receding from the work into said other tool, and the
protuberance of one tool interfits (or tends to interfit)
with the indentation of the other tool.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass disclose
gear-like tools that transversely corrugate work passing
therebetween, see Figures accompanying this note, in which
Figure 1 illustrates such structure and Figure 2 illustrates
a typical transversely-corrugated product. [figure] [figure]
Subclass:
197
With cooperating roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
whose tool-face co-acts with a roller*.
Subclass:
198
With cooperating allochiral tool-face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter
whose tool-face* coacts with another tool-face, wherein the
tool-faces are reversely congruent (i.e., mirror image-like)
in their entirety.
Subclass:
199
BY USE OF ROLLER OR ROLLERLIKE TOOL ELEMENT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, a roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to deform
work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 158 for rolling of metal
parts combined with independent fusion bonding of the parts;
and subclasses 235.2+ for simultaneous rolling and fusion
bonding of the parts.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 363 for a press forming or press reshaping means
for nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming
surface.
Subclass:
200
With modification or control of temperature of work, tool, or
machine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for, changing or regulating the
degree of heat content of the work, the tool or any part of
the deforming instrumentality wherein the tool functions.
(1) Note. See Notes (1) and (2) under the definition of
subclass 128.
Subclass:
201
Including cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the degree of heat content is lowered.
Subclass:
202
By means (other than a tool) modifying temperature of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter
wherein the changing or regulating of the degree heat content
is performed by something that is not a deforming tool.
Subclass:
203
With cutting of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
(1) Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed as originals in
this subclass are limited to that cutting acceptable into
this class (72) in accordance with section VI B of this
class.
Subclass:
204
By composite cutting-deforming tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter
wherein the deforming tool and the cutter are rigidly
connected together such that movement of the tool is always
accompanied by movement of the cutter.
(1) Note. See search notes under subclass 464 of this class
for listing of other subclasses providing for composite
cutting-deforming tools.
Subclass:
205
Including tautening of work during deformation (e.g.,
"tension bridle"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including means specifically disclosed as applying a force
tending to elongate the work.
(1) Note. To be included herein, a patent must specifically
disclose that the work is placed under tension; for example,
by pulling the work through a deforming station, or by
retarding the movement of work to a deforming station, or by
exerting force sufficient to stretch or elongate the work.
(2) Note. Included herein are disclosures known as "bridling
apparatus" or "tension bridle" means, wherein the work passes
over one roll and under another roll in an undulant path
similar to that found in the disclosures of subclasses 160+
and then passes to the bite of a roller couple. In this
subclass, however, the metal is not stressed by such rolls
acting alone; instead, the movement of the work is retarded
by reason of the flexing produced thereby (and other
factors), whereby that portion of the work lying between the
bridle and a "downstream" roller-couple is tautened and
deformed.
Subclass:
206
With nonroller metal-deforming station:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including at least two separate deforming instrumentalities,
wherein one such instrumentality does not include a
"roller*".
Subclass:
207
Including rectilinearly moving tool cooperating with single
roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the work is deformed by a first tool-face that moves
to-and-fro in a straight line, and a second tool-face that is
the surface of a roller*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
192 for a similar arrangement of tools wherein the roller is
replaced by a "flying tool".
Subclass:
208
With tool inside hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including an additional tool means that acts on an inside
surface of hollow work*.
Subclass:
209
Comprising plug acting on longitudinally moving work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter
wherein the work* moves in the direction of its major
dimension (i.e., extending along the longitudinal centerline
of the hollow work*) and wherein the tool comprises a core
that substantially fills the interior of the hollow work.
(1) Note. Patents in this subclass disclose structure
similar to that of subclass 97 except that in this subclass
(208) the work does not rotate about its centerline, nor does
the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97 and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
210
Mounted on travelling, work-supported carriage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the tool element and all the structure on which the
tool is mounted are held against gravity by, and guided for
movement relative to, stationery work.
(1) Note. Included herein is a disclosure of a device that
deforms a rail as it rides along that rail.
(2) Note. The disclosure of a patent placed in this subclass
clearly indicates that the deforming instrumentality is
supported by the work.
Subclass:
211
Mounted on manually maneuverable carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the tool is supported by a tool carrier* that is
adapted to be moved relative to the work by the hand of an
operative.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing a
"hand-tool" used for restoring the original curvature of an
automobile body or fender by manipulating the tool over dents
and irregularities of the automobile.
Subclass:
212
With work forcer offset from, and relatively movable between,
spaced rollers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including a group of two rollers separated from each other,
and a third tool, between which group and tool the work is
placed, and provided with means for moving the roller group
and/or the third tool with respect to the other toward the
work and into a position wherein the third tool lies in the
space separating the rollers, thus deforming the work.
(1) Note. The axes of the rollers of the device disclosed in
this and the indented subclass are either fixed with respect
to each other or they are so connected that movement of one
roller axis causes a corresponding movement of the other
roller axis so that a plane through the roller axes at any
given time is parallel to or coincident with the original
plane.
(2) Note. The patents of this subclass (212) disclose the
rollers moving toward the other tool and/or toward each other
on both sides of the other tool.
Subclass:
213
With use of means to move work forcer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter
including driver means to effect movement of the third tool
toward and into the space separating the roller tools.
Subclass:
214
Comprising tool movable relatively to stationary work portion
during deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
whose tool moves bodily (i.e., its axis moves) to deform one
part of the work while another part thereof remains immobile
as disclosed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for disclosure of work-gripping clamp and work forcer
wherein the work forcer is not a roller.
Subclass:
215
Along a curved path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
wherein the movement of the tool axis follows a continuously
bending line.
Subclass:
216
About a fixed pivot:
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter
wherein the path of the axis of the tool is confined to
movement in an arc having a single center of curvature.
Subclass:
217
Work between movable tool and pivot (e.g., sweep-arm
bender):
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter
wherein the center of curvature is positioned so that work to
be deformed is situated intermediate the center and the
tool.
(1) Note. The devices of this subclass are commonly referred
to as "sweep-arm benders".
Subclass:
218
With means to apply torque to movable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
including means to turn the tool about its axis of rotation,
wherein the turning force is exerted on the tool directly
rather than through rolling engagement of the tool on the
work.
(1) Note. In the typical disclosure of this subclass a
roller is mounted on a pivotable arm or lever, and torque is
applied to the axle of the roller in addition to, or in
substitution for, a force applied to the arm or lever.
Subclass:
219
Including adjustable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter
wherein the distance from either the tool or the work to the
center of curvature (i.e., center of the arc that the tool
follows) may be modified.
Subclass:
220
Along a straight path relative to stationary-cooperating
tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter
wherein the work is deformed by two coacting tools, one of
which tools is immobile and serves as a support or back-up
for the immobile part of the work, and the other of which
tools moves in a rectilinear course during deformation.
Subclass:
221
Plural passes spaced along axes of one roller of tool
couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including at least two groups of cooperating tool faces, each
of which groups operates upon work moving sequentially
between the tool-faces of each group, wherein one of the
tool-faces of a plurality of such groups constitutes part of
the same roller, each tool-face being apart from the other(s)
lengthwise of the axis of the roller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188 for disclosure of axially spaced passes in a
flying-tool-couple.
Subclass:
222
With use of means to displace work laterally into next pass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
including means for moving or guiding the work side wise of
its direction of movement (i.e., parallel to the axis of said
roller) after the work has been deformed by one group of
tool-faces so that said work will then move between the
tool-faces of a succeeding group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for disclosure of structure wherein work is handled
between successively acting plural roller-couples.
Subclass:
223
Roller common to two tool couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter
involving use of at least three tools*, forming at least two
tool-couples, wherein one of the tools is a roller* which (a)
cooperates with one of the other tools to comprise one tool
couple*, or (b) cooperates with another of the other tools to
form another tool-couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for disclosure of a similar "three-high" structure
having generally cylindrical rollers.
Subclass:
224
Included in roller cluster:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including three or more cooperating rollers that form a
roller-cluster*.
(1) Note. See the search note under the definition of
subclass 100 for a locus of disclosures involving use of a
roller cluster or a tool cluster.
Subclass:
225
Comprising diverse roller pairs:
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter
wherein the rollers are arranged in groups of two, each of
the two rollers of a group being alike, with the rollers of
one group being different from the rollers of the other
group(s); and the axes of all the rollers lie in a common
plane through which the work moves.
(1) Note. The Figure accompanying this note illustrates a
typical arrangement of rollers used in the disclosures of
this subclass, and also shows a cross section of the shape
produced thereby. [figure]
Subclass:
226
Plural roller couples (e.g., successively or optionally
usable):
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including more than one roller-couple* to deform work.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are disclosures wherein
one roller couple is used to deform a particular workpiece
and another roller couple is used, at the option of the
operative, to deform the same workpiece again or to deform
another workpiece. Subclasses indented hereunder, especially
subclasses 234+, are the loci of disclosures wherein the same
workpiece is deformed by two or more roller couples acting
successively.
(2) Note. A disclosure of a single roller couple used
repeatedly on the same workpiece will not be placed in this
subclass as an original patent, but will be placed on the
basis of claimed structure. For example, in some disclosures
such repeated use is accompanied by a "screw down" adjustment
between passes, for which adjustment subclass 248 is the
locus. Other such disclosures may be accompanied by
work-handling means, for which means subclasses 250+ is
proper.
(3) Note. In the definitions and notes of subclasses
indented hereunder, the word "material" wherever used refers
only to that metal which has emerged as product from a
first-acting roller couple, and is to be entered as work into
a second-acting roller couple.
Subclass:
227
With material-handling between successive couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein material is conveyed or guided from a first-acting
roller couple to a second-acting roller couple.
(1) Note. For a definition of the word "material", see (3)
Note under the definition of subclass 226.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222 for disclosure of structure wherein work is moved side
wise of its original direction between passes.
250 for disclosure of material-handling to or from a tool.
Subclass:
228
Including optionally selectable work paths:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
wherein the material may be directed along one of a plurality
of routes at the choice of a machine operative.
(1) Note. For a definition of the word "material" see (3)
Note under the definition of subclass 226.
Subclass:
229
To reverse roll the workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
wherein during conveying or guiding, the material retains its
original compass orientation but approaches the second-acting
roller couple in a direction opposite to that in which it
left the first-acting roller couple, whereby the trailing
edge of product becomes the leading edge of work.
(1) Note. For a definition of the word "material", see (3)
Note under the definition of subclass 226.
Subclass:
230
By curved guide (e.g., "loop return"):
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
including a passive means to limit or define the path of
movement of the material to a route that is continuously
bending without angles, whereby the direction of movement of
the work into the second-acting roller couple is different
from the direction of movement of the product of the
first-acting roller couple.
(1) Note. For a definition of the word "material", see (3)
Note under the definition of subclass 226.
(2) Note. In the disclosures of this subclass, the
successive work portions usually travel through an arc of 180
deg. extent, such that a workpiece of indeterminate length is
looped, that is, one "upstream", work portion is moving in a
first direction along a first path, while simultaneously
another "downstream" work portion is moving in the opposite
direction along a path parallel to the first path.
Subclass:
231
Changing orientation or direction of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter
wherein the part of the material which is first presented to
the second-acting couple differs from that which was first
presented to the first-acting couple, or the same portion is
presented in a different manner (e.g., inverted), or any part
of the path of the material between the roller couples is
altered.
(1) Note. For a definition of the word "material", see (3)
Note under the definition of subclass 226.
Subclass:
232
Including one roller, common to two roller couples (e.g.,
three-high mill):
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein a particular roller cooperates with one roller to
comprise one roller couple and/or cooperates with another
roller to comprise another roller couple.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are patents generally
referred to as "three-high mills".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223 for similar structure wherein a first-acting
work-engaging area is axially spaced from a second-acting
area along one of the roller.
Subclass:
233
Including roller shiftable between successive passes of
work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter
including means to move, or to permit movement of, said
particular roller adjacent to the one roller or to the other
roller to form first the one roller couple and then the other
roller couple alternatively.
(1) Note. A disclosure wherein the particular roller is
shifted from one roller to the other roller at the election
of the operative will fit the definition above since,
regardless of the frequency or infrequency or shifting, each
such shift forms first one and then another roller couple.
Subclass:
234
Including successively acting roller couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of roller couples are positioned so that
product emerges from the bite (i.e., between the rollers) of
a first roller couple* and is entered as work into the bite
of a second roller couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for disclosure of structure for handling material
between successive roller couples.
Subclass:
235
Comprising relatively inclined successive couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter
including a first-acting roller couple and a second-acting
roller couple positioned so that, when viewed along the
direction of work movement, the axes of the roller couples
overlie in crossing relationship (i.e., their projections
intersect on a plane perpendicular to the line of sight).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for disclosure of similar structure used to deflect
bodily moving work.
Subclass:
236
With cleaning or conditioning of tool, or lubrication of tool
or machine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including a step of, or means for, removing foreign matter
from the tool*, or preparing (e.g., by changing or
maintaining the characteristics of) the tool for deformation,
or for applying a friction-reducing medium to the
work-engaging surface of the tool or to an instrumentality in
which the tool operates.
Subclass:
237
With carrier for roller couple or tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including means to hold the rollers* of a roller couple* or
the roller-like tools* of a tool couple* in position to
engage and deform work passing therebetween.
(1) Note. A patent claiming merely a named housing for a
named roller-couple, and also claiming a guide for handling
work or product will be placed as an original in subclasses
250+.
(2) Note. For the purpose of this and indented subclasses,
the term "roller cluster" should be considered as equivalent
to "roller couple". Thus, a carrier for, or roller of, a
roller cluster should be understood to be proper for these
subclasses on the same basis as similar structures of a
roller couple.
Subclass:
238
With replacement of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including structure clearly disclosed as being for the
purpose of facilitating or accomplishing removal and/or
introduction of one or both the tools of a tool couple.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
483, Tool Changing, 30 for a rotary spindle machine tool
combined with a tool transfer means.
Subclass:
239
By means to replace tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Subject matter
wherein the structure performs the removal and/or
introduction of a tool.
Subclass:
240
With variation of bite of roller couple during deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including a roller-couple* and means to move the axis of one
of the rollers with respect to the axis of the other roller
to change the spacing between the rollers while work is being
deformed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.8 for metal deforming by rolling, including sensing of
work thickness and variation in roller couple spacing
responsive to such sensing.
Subclass:
241.2
Including back-up for roller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the rollers of a roller-couple is
supported against movement at right angles to the axis
thereof by means located between the ends of the
work-engaging surfaces of the rollers in contact therewith.
(1) Note. The roller engages the work and lies between the
work and the back-up means. Pressure exerted by the work in
resisting deformation is transmitted through the roller to
the back-up means, rather than being wholly absorbed by the
bearings of the roller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for disclosure of similar back-up means in deflecting
roller structure.
Subclass:
241.4
With means to relatively vary back-up force along roller
axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject
matter wherein the roller support between the ends of the
roller includes provision to vary the force transmitted to
the deforming roller.
Subclass:
241.6
Hydraulic or pneumatic force appliers spaced along roller
axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.4. Subject
matter wherein the provision of the back-up means to vary
force transmitted thereby comprises a relatively movable
cylinder and piston in which fluid or gas under pressure is
placed.
Subclass:
241.8
Means to apply bending moment to roller or back-up roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.4. Subject
matter wherein the back-up is also a roller, and including
means to apply to either the deforming roller or the back-up
roll or a torque about an axis intersecting that roller at a
right angle.
(1) Note. The purpose of torque application herein is
generally to maintain the straightness of the deforming
roller, rather than to stress the roller to which torque is
applied.
Subclass:
242.2
Load bearing, equal size pair of back-up rolls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject
matter wherein the back-up comprises first and second rollers
of approximately the same diameter, positioned such that
their axes are parallel to each other and to the axis of the
deforming roller and such that they are close to, but not
touching each other, so that the supported deforming roller
fits between them and they receive equal shares of the
reactive force of the deforming load.
Subclass:
242.4
And second stage, equal size pair of back-up rolls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 242.2. Subject
matter wherein at least one of the back-up rollers is in turn
supported by first and second rollers of approximately the
same diameter (which may be different from the diameter of
the primary back-up rolls) positioned such that their axes
are parallel to each other and to the axis of the deforming
roller and such that they are close to but not touching each
other, such that the supported back-up roll fits between them
and they receive equal shares of the force of the supported
back-up roll.
(1) Note. One of the second stage back-up rolls may also
serve to receive force from a second back-up roll.
Subclass:
243.2
Including reaction roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject
matter wherein the deforming roller supporting means includes
a roller for engaging the deforming roller and preventing the
deforming roller from moving in a direction normal to the
roller axis and parallel to the surface of the workpiece
being deformed thereby.
Subclass:
243.4
Equal size pair of reaction rolls:
This subclass is indented under subclass 243.2. Subject
matter including a first roller for engaging the deforming
roller to prevent the roller from moving forwardly and a
second roller for engaging the deforming roller to prevent
the roller from moving rearwardly, wherein the first and
second rollers are approximately equal in diameter.
Subclass:
243.6
Irregular, convex, or hollow back-up roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject
matter wherein the back-up comprises a roller wherein (1) the
work engaging surface is of distinct, different diameters
along its length, (2) the work engaging surface is of a first
diameter at its axial center and gradually tapers to lesser
diameters at its axial work engaging extents, or (3) wherein
the interior thereof is void.
Subclass:
244
With interposer (e.g., wedge or gag) between tool and
pressure applier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means urging the tools of a tool couple toward each
other, wherein said means includes an element lying
intermediate a portion on the axis of a rotating tool and a
portion of the tool urging means, which element moves
parallel to the tool axis or parallel to the direction of
work movement to reposition one roller relative to the
other.
(1) Note. This definition is intended to exclude a "screw
down" adjustment, per se, for which "screw down" subclass 248
is provided.
(2) Note. The structure described permits a quick or a fine
adjustment of the spacing between rollers.
Subclass:
245
Including fluent-driven tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means to reposition one of the tools of a tool
couple with respect to the other, wherein said repositioning
means is moved by a fluid motor.
Subclass:
246
Including resiliently urged tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means to reposition one of the tools of a tool
couple with respect to the other, wherein said repositioning
means is elastically biased.
Subclass:
247
Including means to position tool along axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means to reposition one of the tools of a tool
couple with respect to the other by moving it lengthwise of
its axis of rotation.
Subclass:
248
With "screw down" to adjust bite of tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
including means to reposition one of the tools of a tool
couple with respect to the other, wherein the axes of
rotation of the tools lie in substantially the same plane,
and the means includes a threaded member rotatable about a
line substantially perpendicular to the axis of at least one
tool and lying in, or parallel to, said plane.
Subclass:
249
With means to drive tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter
which, as claimed, includes means to apply driving force
(i.e., torque) to the roller(s) tending to turn the roller(s)
about the axis (or axes) thereof.
Subclass:
250
With handling of, or guiding of work or product relative to
tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
including structure to move or position either (a) work to be
presented to a tool couple* or (b) the product of a tool
couple.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is disclosure of means
for moving the same work repeatedly through the zone of
operation of a tool couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227 for disclosure of work-handling between successive tool
couples.
Subclass:
251
By endless belt or conveyor roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter
wherein the work-handling means includes a material-engaging
surface that is on, or part of, either an integral or
concatenated band which band moves in a closed loop about a
plurality of separated, noncoaxial pulleys or sprockets, or
wherein the work-handling means includes a work-engaging
element of a configuration similar to that of a roller*,
which element does not deform the work.
Subclass:
252
By reciprocating or oscillating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter
wherein the work-handling means moves to-and-fro along a
single path, at least one of which movements occurs during
handling of the work to cause a corresponding movement of
work.
(1) Note. Disclosures in this subclass are not limited to
means for moving work directly into the bite of a roller
couple, but also include means for lifting and/or lowering
the work laterally of the direction of movement into the
roller couple.
Subclass:
252.5
Roller or roller-like tool-element of particular
configuration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter
wherein the tool-element is of a specified or irregular
physical shape.
Subclass:
253.1
BY EXTRUDING THROUGH ORIFICE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means for, or a step of using means
for, squeezing metal by applied pressure through and out of a
continuous periphery shape-imparting orifice* in an otherwise
closed chamber (generally called a "container"), or past the
most constricted section of a constricted passageway* leading
from the otherwise closed chamber.
(1) Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to
Combination Classes, With Assembling, of this class regarding
assembly. The present subject matter is, as there pointed
out, an exception to the general rule that assembly is
excluded from this class. For instance, sheathing a cable by
extruding metal around it is classified here, as in subclass
268.
(2) Note. Extruding through an orifice, as here defined, is
also known as "die expressing" or "spurting".
(3) Note. Extrusion is one of the "closed die" operations
(i.e., those employing a closed perimeter shape-imparting
orifice, passageway, or closed cavity into and/or through
which work is forced). Wire-drawing through a closed die is
found in subclasses 274+. Residual closed die combinations
such as "push-drawing", "shell-drawing", and "closed die
forging" are in subclasses 343+.
(4) Note. Tool structures which are unique to extruding are
classified in this and indented subclasses, e.g.,
bridge-mandrel-die means in subclass 269, containers in
subclass 272, and rams in subclass 273. On the other hand,
dies and mandrels, which by their nature are considered to be
usable otherwise in metal deforming practice, are found with
the residual tools in subclasses 462+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for extrusion in which a fluent medium serves as the
pressure tool means.
274 and 343+, for operations other than extruding for
forcing metal through an orifice or into a passageway.
467 for an extrusion die, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 183 for apparatus to shape
molten glass by extruding.
99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclass 450.1 for
apparatus for edible laminated product making, including an
extrusion former and downstream laminating means.
100, Presses, for a press structure of general utility which
is not provided for here or in some other class.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 47 for a residual method of making (including
sheathing) an electrical conductor of indefinite length; and
subclasses 244.11+ for a process of extruding combined with
laminating downstream of the shaping zone.
164, Metal Founding, 451 and 459+ processes of continuously
casting metal; and subclasses 418+ for corresponding
apparatus.
219, Electric Heating, 50 and 602+ for electric heating of
metal combined with its working.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, 176.1 for a process of extruding nonmetallic
plastic material not otherwise provided for.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, especially subclass 41 for
processes of forming articles from particulate material
including metal particles, including forming a body of powder
before sintering by extrusion followed by a heating step of
effect sintering; and subclass 67 for similar processes where
heat is not applied after the extrusion step.
Subclass:
254
With cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means including a step of, or means for cutting* which is not
excluded by Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to
Combination Classes, With Cutting, of this class.
(1) Note. Splitting a workstream on a bridge mandrel or a
multiapertured extrusion die is considered to be part of the
extrusion process and not cutting, and is found in
disclosures of subclasses below, particularly subclasses 261
and 269.
(2) Note. If it is evident that a slug is punched out during
a piercing operation the patent is placed here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256 for extrusion combined with billet piercing by plastic
deformation and without removal of material, when the
piercing occurs as a distinct and separate metal deforming
operation.
264 for extrusion combined with billet piercing by plastic
deformation and without removal of material when the piercing
occurs as a distinct and separate metal deforming operation
and when the piercing is accomplished by a mandrel as a part
of or in connection with extrusion.
324 for other types of metal deformation combined with
cutting.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 308 for extrusion apparatus for
nonmetals combined with means to sever the product.
Subclass:
255
Severing product from stock or residue:
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Method or
means including a step of, or means for, cutting which
detaches a product of extrusion from a remaining coherent
parent body of material left behind the said product by the
extrusion operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 and particularly subclasses 331, 334, and 338, for
severing a product of another type of MD from stock or
residue.
Subclass:
256
With metal-deforming other than by extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means for effecting a metal-deforming operation of a type
other than and in addition to an extrusion operation.
(1) Note. Forging to a particular shape, whether intentional
or not, as the result of incomplete extrusion, is considered
to be part of the extrusion process and not another
metal-deforming operation. Leaving unexpressed in the
extrusion chamber a compacted residue having the shape of the
occupied portion of the chamber (even when for the purpose of
heading or bottoming extrusion product, for instance) is not
a separate forging operation, and consequently is not
considered proper subject matter for this subclass.
(2) Note. Search this class, any appropriate area above,
e.g., subclasses 68, 130, or 206, for the metal shaping
operation provided for there, combined with extrusion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254 for billet piercing accomplished or accompanied by
cutting, as by punching out a slug.
264 for billet piercing accomplished by an extrusion mandrel
as part of or in connection with extrusion.
Subclass:
257
With product handling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means which comprehends stripping, ejecting, or otherwise
transporting or receiving the die-formed product of the
extrusion operation (not the stump or other residue) from the
deforming apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for product handling associated with another type of
closed die apparatus.
419 for another type of metal-deforming apparatus combined
with means to handle work or product, and see the notes
thereunder for handling devices, per se.
Subclass:
258
Expressing polymetallic-layered product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means for producing solely by the process of extrusion of an
article or material consisting of layers composed of
different elemental metals or alloys.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for coating of metal followed by metal deformation.
Subclass:
259
By plural impellers operating into one extrusion chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means in which the squeezing means comprises a plurality of
distinct force applying instrumentalities, (e.g., plungers)
working cooperatively into a common work confining chamber
for extrusion of material therefrom.
Subclass:
260
Expressing nonuniform cross section or nonlinear product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Methods and
means for extruding a product which (a) varies
longitudinally, with respect to its flow through the orifice,
in cross-sectional size, shape, or axial orientation (without
regard to a closed bottom on an otherwise tubular extruded
article or a shaped head remaining as a residue in the
chamber), or (b) is curved in its longitudinal extent, that
is, the produce deviates from straight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for twisting preformed axially moving work.
259 for a plural impeller device for extruding this type of
product.
Subclass:
261
Expressing plural products:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Methods and
means utilizing or including (a) a plurality of coupled
machines each capable of independently extruding at least one
formed product, or (b) a single machine which is adapted to
produce mutually distinct extruded products from a common
work-confining chamber simultaneously through a multiorificed
die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 and 268, for production of a multicored extrusion, e.g.,
a plurality of separate wires embodied within a single lead
sheath.
468 for a multiorifice die arrangement, per se.
Subclass:
262
By rotating impeller means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means wherein the work is forced toward an extrusion orifice
by means which comprises work-contacting spirally (e.g.,
helically) arranged ribs and/or grooves, rotatable relative
to the container wall about the spiral's axis, or by an
equivalent rotatably progressive surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
467 for a die, per se.
Subclass:
263
Nonaxial movement of die, ram, mandrel, or container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235.1. Method or
means in which any one of an orifice-containing die*, a
pressure-applying plunger, an internal-forming means (as
defined in subclass 264), or a container, is movable in a
transverse direction (relative to normal material flow), with
regard to its static operative position or to its operative
movement during normal material flow.
(1) Note. The side movement may be for any operative
purposed, e.g., charging or loading the apparatus, stripping
or ejecting the product, or assembling, adjusting, or lining
up parts of the apparatus, such as the die and/or container.
See the search note below.
(2) Note. The mere closing of split dies is not included; in
the concept of nonaxial movement, the entire die assembly
must be laterally movable. Also, mere rotation about a
central axis is not included; however, eccentric rotation
having a side wise component is.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for a method or means including stripping or otherwise
handling, a product, where such is positively claimed; this
operation may frequently include use of a laterally movable
element as here indicated.
Subclass:
264
Utilizing internal-forming means (e.g., mandrel) or core tube
(e.g., wire guide):
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means utilizing or including a member which projects axially
into or adjacent to, but in either case is spaced from the
wall of, the extrusion orifice or passageway and cooperates
therewith to provide a cored annular orifice through which a
generally tubular product may be extruded, the interior
configuration of the product corresponding to the outer
configuration of the member.
(1) Note. The member is generally known in the extrusion art
as a "mandrel". If it constitutes a tubular core guide means,
as defined under subclass 268 below, it is generally called a
"core tube".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
462 for a mandrel structure, per se.
Subclass:
265
Movable longitudinally in ram:
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or
means utilizing or including apparatus in which a plunger
constitutes pressure-applying means and the internal-forming
means is a mandrel, and both the plunger and mandrel point in
the direction of the extrusion flow and in line therewith,
the mandrel being slidable within and relative to the plunger
during some portion of the operational cycle of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266 for a mandrel which is merely longitudinally adjustable
in the plunger, the relation between the two being otherwise
fixed during operation.
Subclass:
266
Integral with ram:
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or
means in which a plunger constitutes pressure-applying means
and is integrally formed with or rigidly joined to the
internal-forming means for simultaneous operational movement
therewith.
(1) Note. Patents involving longitudinal adjustment between
the plunger and mandrel where the relation between the two is
fixed during operation are included. [figure]
[caption]Extrusion by ram with internal mandrel (subclass
266).
Subclass:
267
Single element ("impact extrusion" type):
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Method or
means wherein the extrusion chamber comprises a cavity in a
cuplike member, into which cavity a deforming element
constituting a combined plunger and internal-forming means is
movable, the cavitated member being closed to work material
flow except for an annular orifice formed between the cavity
wall and the element periphery when in operative position so
that upon movement of said element further into said cavity
the work flows backward around the element as a tubular
product corresponding in shape to the internal configuration
of the cavitated member and the external configuration of the
element.
(1) Note. The element (usually a plunger), the chamber
means, the bottom, per se, of the chamber means, or any
combination of these parts may move to perform the pressing
operation.
(2) Note. The operation here performed is known by several
names, among which are: Impact extrusion, Backward extrusion,
and Cold Squirting.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257 for a device of this type in combination with a stripper
or ejector.
362 for forging into a closed die which may result in
backward flow but without extrusion.
Subclass:
268
Core tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or
means in which the member is a tubular guide means, other
than the extrusion orifice or passageway, which extends from
outside the closed chamber means into the chamber at a point
remote from the orifice and then from the chamber axially
into or adjacent the orifice or passageway and is adapted to
allow an elongated core means, such as a wire, to be passed
therethrough, around which a sheath like extruded product may
be formed.
(1) Note. An extrusion device including a core tube is found
in many of the subclasses above indented under subclass
253.1, and see also subclass 270 below for a disclosure of
the same when the claimed invention lies in a work supply
feature.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 51 for extruding a nonmetallic sheath around an
electric conductor of indeterminate length.
Subclass:
269
Bridge mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or
means in which the member is a mandrel which is supported by
bridge pieces extending from the mandrel across the rear
(i.e., the chamber end) of the orifice or passageway.
(1) Note. The bridges split the work stream, which is then
reunited autogenously by pressure prior to extrusion through
the orifice.
(2) Note. This subclass includes a bridge mandrel die unit,
per se.
Subclass:
270
Work supplying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means which utilizes or includes means for storing work
material and/or feeding or transporting work material to the
deformation chamber.
(1) Note. This subclass includes "charging" an extrusion
container by pouring in molten metal which autogenously welds
to an earlier residue and then solidifies in situ.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262 for a rotatable impeller extruder with work supply.
263 for side wise movement of a specified portion of the
apparatus, which movement may be for the purpose of
permitting or facilitating charging.
419 as well as appropriate other subclasses under the
several types of metal deformation in this class or other
work handling.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, for
conveyors, per se.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for conveyors, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, in particular 754 where
billet turnover devices can be found and compare with those
devices in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses
373+.
Subclass:
271
Pressure or velocity conditioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or
means wherein the extrusion through the orifice occurs under
a particular absolute or relative pressure or velocity of, or
for the apparatus, the work or the product during
deformational operation.
Subclass:
272
Container and/or support therefor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Apparatus
comprising closed chamber means, or cover or closure means
therefor, or structure for supporting or axially moving the
closed chamber means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263 for the same plus a nonaxial component of container
movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for a receptacle not
specially adapted to use in extrusion apparatus.
Subclass:
273
Ram or ram element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Apparatus
comprising a reciprocatable plunger or equivalent structure
for applying extrusion pressure directly on work located and
confined within the container, or a detail or element of such
structure (e.g., a dummy block).
(1) Note. Because of the peculiar nature of extrusion,
extrusion rams, and elements thereof are classified here. For
metal-deforming tools generally, including plunger means
otherwise usable, see subclasses 462+.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 214 for a reciprocating press construction;
and subclasses 295+ as the residual locus for pressure
surface elements.
Subclass:
273.5
Indirect extrusions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Subject
matter in which the orifice or constricted passageway is
formed through a member which, during and for the squeezing
operation, extends within the container and is telescopically
movable relative thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for a member provided with an extrusion orifice or
restricted passageway and another member, generally a mandrel
(or a core tube in indented subclasses 268) spaced from the
wall of the first member to cooperate therewith to define an
annular space through which tubular (generally) product may
be extruded; and in which member may be telescopically
movable within the container.
Subclass:
274
BY PULLING WORKPIECE THROUGH CLOSED PERIPHERY DIE (E.G.,
ROD-, TUBE-, OR WIRE-DRAWING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means including, or a step of using
means including, an orifice* and/or passageway*, through
which work is drawn by the application of external tensile
force.
(1) Note. Apparatus of this subclass, and the indented
subclasses, is usually intended to operate upon work having
an initial dimension that is only slightly larger than the
opening in the closed die to reduce the cross-sectional area
of the work, with or without altering the basic
cross-sectional shape thereof.
(2) Note. In regard to the underlined portions of (1) Note,
immediately above, note that subclasses 127+ provides for
alteration of cross-sectional shape of travelling work (e.g.,
troughing subclasses 176+) which may also be accomplished by
pulling through a closed die.
(3) Note. For the purpose of patent placement in subclass
274, and the subclasses indented thereunder, a work gripping
and/or moving means will be treated in accordance with the
criteria set forth in (1) Note under the definition of
subclass 276.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for subject matter in the "twisting" area which may also
utilize a closed periphery die.
127 for "skelping", or longitudinally troughing, a bodily
moving workpiece by using a closed periphery die without
reducing the cross-sectional area of the strip or "skelp".
293 for metal deformation by a stationary nondeforming
work-gripping claim and movable closed periphery die.
343 for metal deformation by a closed die(s) moved along a
stationary workpiece, and/or for push-drawing, i.e., altering
the cross-sectional area of a rod or tube by pushing it
through a closed die.
Subclass:
275
With cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for cutting which meets the
requirements stated in the class definition. (See Lines With
Other Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes, With
Cutting, of this section).
(1) Note. For inclusion in this class, the cutter in every
instance must be associated with metal-deforming apparatus,
and must cut (sever, incise, punch, shape, grind, etc.)
material which is the subject of the metal-deforming
operations performed by the associated apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for the combination of cutting and metal-deforming means
associated with conventional apparatus or operations (e.g.,
punch press, bending, etc.).
Subclass:
276
Producing a nonuniform product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
which functions to form a relatively rigid elongated product*
having at least one of the following characteristics: (a) the
central longitudinal axis of the product does not constitute
a straight line; or (b) at two spaced points along the
central longitudinal axis, the transverse cross sections of
the product (whether solid or hollow) are not identical in
one of the following respects: (i) size, (ii) shape, (iii)
wall thickness, or (iv) orientation about the centerline.
(1) Note. Many products are either (a) intentionally left
"pitted", "scored", etc., for purposes such as esthetics
effect or lubrication, or (b) intentionally, or
unintentionally, partially deformed (usually at the leading
end) when they are gripped, pulled, or otherwise handled. If
such deformations are claimed, then placement herein is
proper, even though such deformation will later become
"waste" if placement is otherwise appropriate for subclasses
274+. If, however, such deformation is unintentional, and/or
disclosed but not claimed, then such patents will be found in
subclasses further indented under subclass 274.
(2) Note. In the figures below, the tubular workpiece
illustrates items (ii), (iii), and (iv) under part (B) of the
definition of this subclass. [figure] [figure]
[caption]Drawing a nonuniform product, (e.g., from
pre-twisted eccentric tubbing) (subclass 276)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59 for a method of or means for corrugating tubular work
utilizing fluent material as a "tool".
136 for deflecting to form a helical coil or tube including
the thinning of a portion of the work.
240 for varying the bite of a roller couple during
deformation.
260 for method or means for forming a non-uniform product by
extruding.
318 for die-forging the end of indeterminate length work.
Subclass:
277
With movement of discrete workpiece angularly, laterally, or
in a reverse direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
including active means operative either before or after the
work* has engaged the closed die element to direct said work
(a) back through the same closed die, (b) to a second closed
die, or, (c) to a metal-deforming tool that is not a closed
die.
(1) Note. The notes under the definition of subclass 419
contain a comprehensive listing of search areas related to
work and/or product handling.
Subclass:
278
Utilizing plural metal-deforming tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
comprising two or more metal-deforming instrumentalities, or
the steps of using the same.
(1) Note. The second or subsequent metal-deforming tool may,
or may not, be of the type peculiar to subclass 274.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 33, 592+, 650, and 700+ for method or
apparatus appropriate to Class 29, which may include tension
drawing as one of the steps or means in an assembling or
similar operation.
83, Cutting, subclass 120, 213+, 255+, 301+, 357, 404+, 549+,
598+, and 618+ for a cutting device having plural cutting
stations.
Subclass:
279
Varying speed or continuous workpiece through successive tool
stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter
which functions to move one portion of a workpiece through
one of the instrumentalities at a speed which is different
from that at which another portion is moved through another
of the instrumentalities.
(1) Note. Typical patents in this subclass include
wire-drawing disclosures which provide for successively
smaller closed dies, with rotating drums therebetween, and
drive means to pull the wire (by rotating the successive
drums) at increasing speeds as the wire is reduced and
elongated at each smaller closed die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288 and 289, for a metal-deforming device having a single
drum driven at a varying or uniform speed, respectively.
Subclass:
280
Accumulating work between successive tool stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter
including means providing slack in moving work, or
temporarily storing work, after it has passed one
instrumentality and before it is deformed by an additional
instrumentality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288 and 289, for a metal-deforming device having a single
drum driven at a varying or uniform speed, respectively.
Subclass:
281
Including noncoaxial closed dies:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter
wherein the longitudinal axis of the orifice or passageway of
one die is other than a straight-line continuation of the
longitudinal axis of at least one other orifice or
passageway.
(1) Note. The provision of one closed die that is pivotally
mounted with respect to a second closed die is sufficient for
placement in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for a metal-deforming device which may include closed
dies.
285 for a metal-deforming device having a single closed die
that may be pivoted with respect to other elements of the
metal-deforming device.
Subclass:
282
All closed dies coaxially aligned:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter
wherein a line forming the longitudinal axis through one
orifice or passageway is coincident with the line forming the
longitudinal axis through each and every other claimed
orifice or passageway.
Subclass:
283
Including a mandrel inserted within a hollow workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter
including an internal die (male die, punch, push-rod, etc.)
which is positioned inside a generally-tubular workpiece, at
least a portion of said internal die entering a portion of
the orifice or passageway, so that said internal die
determines at least some internal dimension of the tubular
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253.1 and 343+, for a combination including die and mandrel
units in the extruding and in the residual closed die
operations, respectively.
Subclass:
284
And applying a "pushing" force:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
which functions to assist the "drawing" of the work by
propelling the work, or the die, relative to the pulling
means.
(1) Note. The additional means of this subclass may (a)
"push" the work into the closed die, or (b) move the closed
die over the work (both of these operations being frequently
described in the art as "threading" the die) before, during,
or after the action of the pulling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 and 418, for a metal-deforming device which may include
means to "push" work toward a closed die, or a cooperating
tool, respectively.
Subclass:
285
Movable die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
including means to move or permit movement of the die with
respect to a fixed point.
(1) Note. The active or permissive movement of the closed
die may occur continuously or intermittently during the
drawing of the workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281 for a metal-deforming device including plural closed
dies, one of which may be movable, and see (1) Note
thereunder.
293 for combination including nondeforming work gripper and
a relatively movable die.
Subclass:
286
With heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
including means which, directly or indirectly, raise or lower
the temperature of all or part of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342.1 for heating or cooling of other metal- deforming
devices, and see the search notes under that subclasses
(342.1+).
Subclass:
287
Utilizing specific work-moving means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter
including a definitely described seizing and tensioning means
which is effective to draw work through the die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419 and the search notes thereunder, for work or product
handling means in a metal-deforming device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, in general,
for work-handling or product-handling method or apparatus.
414, Material or Article Handling, 14 for stock pulling
and/or pushing devices, and see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
288
Varying speed of moving work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
including means operative to increase or decrease the rate of
movement of the workpiece, at will or cyclically, during
drawing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425 for a metal-deforming device including means to vary the
speed of either work or product.
Subclass:
289
Rotating a drum, roll, sheave, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
including a driven rotating element which engages the
workpiece and moves it by winding it around the rotating
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278 for plural metal-deforming tools, one of which may
include a drum die combination.
Subclass:
290
Interrelated work gripper and carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
including a movable member which supports either or both the
work and a gripper (a nondeforming work-gripping clamp), and
including additional means which interconnects and may move
said movable member and said work or said gripper.
(1) Note. Engagement of the gripper(s) with the work may
start the additional means, movement of the carrier may cause
the gripper to engage or disengage the work, cessation of
movement of the carrier may cause the gripper to engage or
disengage the work, or any combination of the above may
characterize the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 for a combination that does not claim the gripper and
moving means in combination with a closed periphery die.
Subclass:
291
Maintaining a "straight-line draw":
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter
including structure which prevents the work seizing and
tensioning means, or the work itself, from canting, rotating,
tilting, or otherwise moving out of the desired path of
movement.
(1) Note. The above described structure may be positioned on
either side, or both sides, of a die; and, it may restrain
the path of movement of the work, the gripper, the carrier,
the elements of the motive means, or any combination of the
above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
428 for work-handling means including a work guide in
combination with conventional apparatus (e.g., a
metal-deforming press).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, subclass 35 and 256 for a workholder
having interrelated parts which are restricted to
"straight-line" movements.
Subclass:
292
BY TIGHTENING FLEXIBLE BAND OR CHAIN ABOUT WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means, or a method of using means,
which includes a cable, a strap, or series of articulated
links which engages and surrounds the major portion of the
so-engaged periphery of work and, when placed under tension,
applies deforming force to the work.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, the band or chain
must encircle more than half the periphery of the workpiece
(the remainder may be engaged by a fixed die or support); if
the flexible tool means engages less than half the periphery
of the work, it is regarded as a "yieldable-face" tool, for
subclasses 396+, such tools requiring an opposed face
coacting tool to effect compression or crushing of work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for a compression of work by surrounding fluent medium.
396 for a tool having a flexible or yieldable face portion
opposed by another tool, and see (1) Note above.
402 for a plurality of tools concurrently movable radially
inwardly against work.
465.1 for a flexible or yieldable tool, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, 1 for process or apparatus for tautening a
binder about material to compress it.
Subclass:
293
BY USE OF NONDEFORMING WORK-GRIPPING CLAIM AND RELATIVELY
MOVABLE CLAMP, TOOL OR WORK FORCER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means, or the step of using means,
which includes a plurality of coacting distinct work-engaging
instrumentalities, and means to move or guide at least one
such instrumentality with respect to another such
instrumentality along a predetermined path; one of said
instrumentalities having a plurality of opposed solid jaws or
surface elements which are made effective, by movement of one
or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a portion
of work fictionally and to hold it securely during an
operation of the class type.
(1) Note. The work-gripping clamp in subclasses 293+ may be
an ordinary clamp; some form of actuating means is required
to distinguish a clamp from a mere work-stop or
work-supporting socket. Self-gripping clamps are included,
(i.e., those which close in response to slight and initial
movement of the work).
(2) Note. For placement in subclasses 293+, it must be clear
that at least one work clamp has solely a clamping function
(i.e., any disclosure of work deformation by closure of the
clamp jaws, or of work slippage with respect to the jaws, or
of work slippage with respect to the jaws during deformation,
indicates that the "clamp" actually constitutes a tool couple
or a tool element for original placement elsewhere in this
schedule). A nondeforming (per se) clamp may, however, be
provided with deforming or die surface elements or portions
distinct from the clamp jaws proper, such arrangements being
found in subclasses 320+ and 322+ indented hereunder. For
placement in subclasses 293+, the clamp must be claimed, but
it need not be recited as a deforming instrumentality (e.g.,
it may have an auxiliary function as a steadying element). If
deformation is effected by relative motion between two or
more clamps, placement is in subclasses 295+; If a clamp
moves work relative to a tool, placement is in subclasses
308+; if the clamp holds work against the force of an
actuated tool, placement is in subclasses 316+.
(3) Note. For placement of a process patent in subclasses
293+, the claim should recite "clamping" of work or an
equivalent expression (such as "holding", if based upon a
disclosure of clamping or refer to clamped, etc., work in
addition to reciting the operative deforming step.
(4) Note. A work gripper or clamp may be found in many
combinations placed in preceding subclasses, e.g., subclasses
274+ (wire-, rod-, or tube-drawing). These subclasses (293+)
are the residual loci for a metal-deforming combination
comprising, per se, nondeforming work clamp or gripping work
mover. Any work clamp or gripper found in claimed
combinations below subclasses 293+ is not solely a clamp but
has another function, such as crushing or otherwise directly
deforming work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for a rotatable work-holding form which may comprise
clamp structure.
127 for a work gripper used to pull work through deflecting
apparatus.
274 for a work gripper used to pull work through a closed
die.
350 for a blank holder in deep-drawing apparatus (which
generally allows controlled slippage of work).
419 for a work or product handling device, generally.
457 for a work constrainer in metal-deforming apparatus.
459 and 460, for a work clamp without a co-acting
metal-deforming tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a work holder
of clamping type; and 87 for the combination with a tool
couple element (such as a tool guide).
Subclass:
294
With cutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
comprising a step of, or means for, a systematic cutting* of
the material which is the subject of metal deformation.
(1) Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to
Combination Classes, With Cutting, of this class for the
relationship between Class 72 and other classes involving
cutting for a statement of the subject matter included in
this class, and for examples of included and excluded
combinations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for mechanical cleaning or descaling which may involve
cutting (e.g., grindings, scrapping, machining).
324 for cutting associated with residual metal-deforming
operation or apparatus, and see the notes thereto for
references to all pertinent cutting subclasses in the Class
72 schedule.
Subclass:
295
By individually nondeforming clamps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein at least two of said relatively movable work-engaging
instrumentalities each have a plurality of opposed solid jaws
or surface elements which are made effective, by movement of
one or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a
portion of work frictionally and to hold it securely.
(1) Note. The function of each individual clamp is to
immobilize a portion of work; their relative motion, however,
induces internal stresses of deforming magnitude in
intervening portions of work, to effect bending, twisting,
stretching, etc. The relatively movable clamps are thus
equivalent to a tool couple. Such tool couples, because of
their unique effect, are collected in this subclass area,
ahead of "clamp and tool" and "clamp and work forcer"
combinations.
(2) Note. The combination of individually nondeforming,
relatively movable work clamps and a tool of more
conventional type (i.e., which deform work at its point of
contact therewith) is found below in subclasses 296+; the
usual operation of such a combination is "stretch forming"
(see also subclass 305).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for plural relatively stationary work clamps and a
relatively movable tool.
308 for a work clamp employed as an active tool (i.e., as a
work forcer).
Subclass:
296
With co-acting relatively movable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter
comprising a third instrumentality or the use of an
instrumentality designed and intended to engage work with
deforming force, and means effective to change the location
of said third instrumentality with respect to two or more of
said work-gripping instrumentalities, during an operation of
the class type.
(1) Note. The third instrumentality may consist of a more
conventional tool, e.g., a die or forming block against which
work is drawn or wrapped while being maintained under tension
by the clamps. Many such stretch-forming devices are included
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for spaced (e.g., fixed) clamps and relatively movable
tool.
309 for a movable work clamp and coacting, relatively
movable tool.
323 for a work clamp and plural coacting tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, 87, for a work clamp combined with a tool
couple element (such as a tool guide).
Subclass:
297
With means to actuate tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Subject matter
utilizing a power-transmitting element effective to drive
said further instrumentality during an operation of the class
type.
(1) Note. When the coacting tool is an actuated member, as
in this subclass, the work-gripping clamps may be either
driven or passive members, but in any case they must be
capable of relative motion with respect to each other (e.g.,
they may be independently pivotally mounted).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305 for spaced (e.g., fixed) work clamps and relatively
movable tool.
Subclass:
298
With means to rotate clamp about fixed axis:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter
involving means for mounting one said instrumentality for
bodily turning motion about a stationary pivotal bearing, and
a power-transmitting element for forcibly turning said
instrumentality during an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. Similar devices, but lacking pivotal bearing
structure, may be found in subclass 303, the turning effect
is limited by a short curved or bowed trackway in most
instances. [figure] [caption]Work deformed by relatively
pivoted clamps (subclass 298)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for deformation of rotating work which may be held in a
rotary clamp or chuck.
303 for a metal tire upsetter of the like, and see (1) Note
above.
310 for deformation by the pivotal motion of a work clamp
with respect to a passive tool.
371 for coiling or twisting procedure which may involve a
disclosed rotary work clamp or gripper.
Subclass:
299
About axis intersecting work-gripping regions of two clamps
(e.g., twisting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Subject matter
wherein said pivot line extends directly between the opposed
jaws or surface elements of the work-gripping
instrumentalities.
(1) Note. This subclass generally relates to twisting a
gripped rod or bar along its axis, for examples of "offset"
twisting or "warping", see subclass 298 and subclass 295
above. For similar operations involving axially moving work,
see subclasses 64+ above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for twisting axially moving work.
127 for deflecting bodily moving work.
371 for a coiling or twisting method.
381 for an offset-face-tool complex capable of twisting work
(e.g., a crankshaft).
Subclass:
300
With interrelated clamp closer and clamp mover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter
utilizing means to move one or more of said clamp jaws or
surface elements to effective (i.e., work-gripping) position,
which means cooperates significantly with the means to move
said movable instrumentality.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, there must be
structure to interrelate the clamp-closing and clamp-moving
means; spring-biased or self-actuated clamps (responsive to
initial movement of the work) do not meet this requirement.
(2) Note. If metal deformation is accomplished by the
closing of the clamp, the latter does not qualify as a
"work-gripping clamp" for subclasses 293+ but constitutes
instead an opposed-faced tool couple.
(3) Note. If the clamp is so adjusted or controlled as to
allow slippage of the work during metal deformation, it is
regarded as a tool element or tool couple for placement
elsewhere in the schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for interrelated clamp closer and tool mover.
417 for interrelated tool mover and blank-holder mover.
Subclass:
301
With bodily motion in fixed path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter
wherein the means to move or guide said movable
instrumentality is effective to restrict the motion of said
instrumentality to the same path whenever the motion occurs.
(1) Note. Excluded, for example, would be a device wherein a
work clamp is guided and moved solely by such manipulable
means as a chain or a block and tackle, so that its path of
motion is not positively restricted to a definite line.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for metal deformation by two relatively movable
work-gripping clamps one of which is freely manipulable, and
see (1) Note above.
306 and 308+, for metal deformation by a bodily movable
clamp and a coacting tool other than a clamp.
Subclass:
302
Substantially direct approach or recession (e.g.,
stretching):
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Subject matter
wherein the restriction of the path of motion of said movable
instrumentality is to a straight or slightly curved line
which if extended would intersect another work-gripping
instrumentality.
Subclass:
303
Along curved path (e.g., tire upsetting):
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter
wherein the restriction of the path of motion is to a
nonlinear or slightly curved line.
(1) Note. A typical device of this subclass is a tire
upsetter comprising clamps for gripping spaced portions of a
metal tire and means for urging the clamps toward each other
along a path corresponding generally to the curvature of an
average tire.
(2) Note. For apparatus affording truly pivotal motion of a
clamp in metal deforming, see preceding subclasses 298+; in
such devices, there need be no translatory motion of the
clamp; the deformation is usually of a bending or twisting
nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for metal deformation by rotation of a work-gripping
clamp about a fixed axis with respect to a fixed clamp, and
see (2) Note above.
Subclass:
304
With work-distorting clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the jaws of said work-gripping instrumentality are
specifically modified for the purpose of temporarily
deflecting or springing work from its initial shape while it
is held in said jaws during an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. This type of clamp is employed to counteract,
forestall, or prevent possible undesired deformation of
untreated portions of the work, such as may occur in flanging
the periphery of a circular plate in a step-by-step manner.
(2) Note. The deflection of distortion effected by the clamp
is only temporary (i.e., within the elastic limit of the work
material), see (2) Note under subclass 300 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
701 and 702, for distortion prevention, generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 176 for means to distort work
temporarily for a cutting operation.
Subclass:
305
With plural-spaced clamps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein the work-gripping instrumentality cooperates with
another work-gripping instrumentality cooperates with another
work-gripping instrumentality located at a fixed distance
therefrom.
(1) Note. For original placement in this subclass, there
must be structure to effect friction gripping engagement on
significantly spaced portions of the same workpiece; e.g.,
adjacent two distinct edges of a sheet or at different points
along the length of a rod, usually accompanied by a
metal-deforming operation adjacent each clamped portion or
between two clamped portions. One clamp may, however, have
merely a steadying or stabilizing function.
(2) Note. Some "stretch formers" are found in this subclass;
i.e., those in which the work clamps are relatively fixed
during metal deformation. [figure] [caption]Relatively fixed
clamps and actuated tool (subclass 305)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for method or machine employing plural relatively
movable work clamps to deform work.
Subclass:
306
Plural or complex apparatus (e.g., with plural operations):
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus
comprising (a) three or more relatively movable tools, or (b)
additional metal-deforming apparatus of a type other than
that of subclass 293 and which itself constitutes subject
matter for this class (72).
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus for patents relating to
a plural tool couple* or a tool complex* and involving a work
clamp which is nondeforming, per se. Typically, the machine
performs a plurality of distinct metal deforming operations
on the clamped work. Also included are all combinations of
two or more metal-deforming machines not provided for above,
wherein a work clamp is a claimed element of one machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for a possible combination of two or more
metal-deforming machines, wherein one machine effects
deformation by relatively movable clamps.
Subclass:
307
With means to advance elongated work (e.g., pipe elbow
crimper):
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Device
comprising structure arranged to propel stock material or a
relatively long blank in the direction of its length toward
the zone of the metal-deforming operation.
(1) Note. A typical device of this subclass crimps
successive portions of an intermittently fed tubular blank to
form a pipe elbow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405.01 for means to feed work between plural tool stations.
419 for means to handle work or product.
Subclass:
308
Clamp is active metal-deforming element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
which accomplishes metal deformation, the forcible movement
of said work-gripping instrumentality.
(1) Note. In devices of this subclass, deformation is
effected by the clamp's forcible movement of clamped work
against one or more tool elements. For a device involving a
movable work clamp used merely to advance or index work
between operations, see subclass 311.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for means to hold and rotate work during metal deforming
by tool.
149 for metal deforming by moving work holder form and
work-contacting wiper.
274 for moving work gripper in rod-, tube-, or
wire-drawing.
295 for a method or machine employing two or more relatively
movable work clamps, any or all of which may constitute
active metal-deforming element.
311 for clamp which is movable while holding work, and see
(1) Note above.
Subclass:
309
With coacting movable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter
wherein the coacting work-engaging instrumentality also
moves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
381 and 394+, for somewhat similar apparatus which lacks a
nondeforming work-gripping clamp.
Subclass:
310
Clamp rotatable about fixed axis (e.g., bending brake):
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter
wherein the movement of said work-gripping instrumentality
consists of turning with respect to a stationary pivot line.
(1) Note. Conventional sheet metal bending brakes employ
relatively pivoted clamp and bending tool or apron. The
pivoted-clamp type is found in this subclass; for the fixed
clamp type, see subclasses 316+ below. Bending brakes and
other devices without work clamps will be found in subclasses
380+ and following subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for metal deformation by two relatively rotatable
work-clamps.
303 for metal deformation by the approach of two work clamps
along an arcuate path.
316 for metal deformation by a tool movable against work
held in a fixed clamp, and see (1) Note above.
Subclass:
311
Movable clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
utilizing means to move or to guide the motion of said
work-gripping instrumentality from one orientation or
location to another while in effective work-gripping
condition.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, the combination
must comprise a work clamp which is mounted for rotary or
translatory movement during its actuated (closed) condition.
The clamp may be, for example, one of a plurality of clamps
on the turret, dial, or other work conveyor of a multi-tool
station press; and it is not in motion during deformation of
the gripped work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
308 for metal deformation by movable clamp and coacting
tool.
405.01 for means to move work between plural tool stations.
419 for means to handle work or product.
Subclass:
312
With interrelated clamp closer and tool mover:
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein means to move one or move of said clamp jaws or
surface elements to effective (i.e., work-gripping)
positions, cooperates significantly with the means to move
said movable instrumentality.
(1) Note. Self-actuated, or camming-type clamps have no
"actuating means" other than the work itself, hence, are not
placeable in this subclass.
(2) Note. The cooperation characteristic of this subclass
may be an interlock (e.g., to prevent release of work while a
tool is in motion), or a timing effect, or actual joint, or
interconnected drive means for clamp closer and tool mover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
300 for interrelated clamp actuator and clamp mover.
350 for interrelated tool mover and yielding blank-holder in
a deep-drawing press.
417 for interrelated tool mover and blank-holder actuator.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 374 for interrelated work immobilizer (e.g.,
clamp) and tool actuator in a cutting machine.
Subclass:
313
Jaw actuator driven by tool or tool holder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
wherein said movable instrumentality or means rigid therewith
is arranged to transmit actuating force to move one or more
clamp jaws or surface elements to effective (i.e.,
work-gripping) position.
(1) Note. In a device of this type, the movable clamp jaw
may be yieldably mounted on the tool holder or press ram and
arranged to engage the work in advance of the moving tool.
(2) Note. Metal drawing presses frequently employ a work
clamp or "blank- holder" which is actuated by the tool slide
or press ram. Such an arrangement is proper subject matter
for this subclass, provided there is no disclosure of work
slipping or deformation in the blank holder; cf., (2) and (3)
Notes under subclass 300.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 385 for clamp actuator driven by tool or tool
holder in a cutting machine.
Subclass:
314
Mechanical actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter
involving the use of a lever, cam, gear, or other rigid
force-modifying power-transmitting element to move a clamp
jaw toward effective (i.e., closed) position.
Subclass:
315
Cam or toggle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Subject matter
wherein said rigid power-transmitting element constitutes a
portion of a cam or toggle as defined in Class 74, subclasses
567 and 520, respectively.
Subclass:
316
Clamp structure constitutes sole initial metal-deforming
force reaction means (i.e., is passive tool):
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter
wherein said opposed solid jaws or surface elements, together
with any integral or rigid extensions thereof, are designed
and intended to furnish the entire resistance to movement or
deformation of work when the latter is subjected to forcible
engagement by the coacting relatively movable
instrumentality, at least during the earlier portion of an
operation of the class type.
(1) Note. A device of this subclass employs a work clamp as
the passive element of a tool couple (i.e., the clamp
functions as anvil or die); in some other types of
metal-deforming devices a work clamp, if present, may
contribute little or no reaction force and serve merely as a
positioning means for work. (See subclass 293 for disclosures
of such devices).
(2) Note. Clamp structure within the meaning of the subclass
definition may comprise, for example, an actuated
work-gripping jaw cooperating with the press bed or anvil
itself; the bed or anvil then constitutes an integral
extension of clamp jaw proper.
(3) Note. Other structure may be provided to assume more or
less of the reaction force subsequent to initial displacement
of work material; for auxiliary shape-imparting (die)
structure rigid with the clamp, see subclasses 320+ and
322+.
(4) Note. Many of the devices in the preceding subclasses
employ clamps which meet the limitations of this subclass; a
search on this feature will therefore involve most of
subclasses 293+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for deformation of work held or clamped by various means
and operated upon by a tool rotating or gyrating about a
motion center within the confines of the work.
Subclass:
317
With plural selectively usable clamps (e.g., tube flarer):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
comprising two or more instrumentalities each capable of
gripping work, only one of which is employed at any given
time to clamp work during an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. Typical of this subclass is a tube-flaring tool
having clamping jaws which include a plurality of
semicircular mating recesses of varying sizes along the inner
facing edges of the jaws, the selected pair of mating
recesses constituting a clamp for accommodating a tube to be
flared.
(2) Note. Not all tube flarers employ nondeforming work
clamps. If work is deformed upon tightening of the jaws, the
combination may be placeable in subclass 356 or 357 if a
closed die is involved, otherwise in subclasses 394+ as an
opposed face tool complex*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116 for plural selectively usable fixed tools for
cooperation with an orbiting or rotating tool.
Subclass:
318
Deforming indeterminate-length work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
utilizing structure adapted to hold or present to the action
of a metal-deforming instrumentality a portion of a workpiece
of unrestricted length.
(1) Note. Typical apparatus of this subclass employs a
reciprocatory heading punch to upset the projecting end of a
rod or wire which is fed from the rear into a pair of opposed
gripping jaws. (A bolt or nail header also usually comprises
cutoff means which, if claimed, would place the combination
originally in preceding subclass 294).
(2) Note. Any claimed deformation of work by the closing of
the "gripping jaws" prior to or concurrently with the action
of the heading punch, is evidence that the "jaws" are
actually part of a tool complex*, for placement in subclasses
353.2+ or subclasses 394+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for similar apparatus wherein the work-holding means
constitutes a nondeforming clamp.
353.2 for deformation of work by a closed die tool complex*
wherein two or more tools coact to grip partially deformed
work for further treatment by a third tool.
357 for actuated split die and coacting closed die.
Subclass:
319
With pivotal tool (e.g., sheet metal bender):
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
wherein said co-acting relatively movable instrumentality is
restrained to rotation about a fixed axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
298 for relatively pivoted nondeforming work-gripping
clamps.
310 for pivoted work clamp (i.e., tool) and coacting fixed
tool.
387 for offset tool face couple comprising a pivoted tool
element (e.g., a pipe or rod bender without claimed clamping
means).
Subclass:
320
With die surface extending from clamp jaw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter
utilizing an element integral with or rigidly attached to a
jaw of said work-gripping instrumentality, said element
having a work-shape-imparting surface which is designed and
intended to be engaged by, and to restrain movement of,
portions of work at some time during an operation of the
class type, said surface being nonplanar and/or offset or
inclined with respect to the work-engaging face of said jaw.
(1) Note. A flat surface extending from a clamp jaw and
initially contacted by work, so that it serves mainly or
entirely as a support and has little or no shaping function,
is not regarded as a "die surface" for this subclass; see
DIE* in the Glossary. A press bed on which work is held down
by clamping fixtures would usually constitute a passive M.D.
tool for subclass 316.
(2) Note. A bevelled or rounded edge on a clamp jaw, unless
it has a disclosed shaping function, is not regarded as a die
surface. Many clamps are cut away or bevelled merely for
clearance purposes, in such devices as sheet metal bending
brakes, pipe benders, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
322 for a work clamp having die surface extension, combined
with active metal-deforming tool having other than pivotal
motion.
462 for a metal-deforming tool of specific configuration.
Subclass:
321
Curved die surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter
wherein said work-shape-imparting surface comprises at least
one arcuate or nonplanar portion.
(1) Note. A device of this subclass may be employed to bend
pipe about a fixed radius forming block, or to form a sheet
metal cornice molding, where other than a simple sharp angle
bend is desired.
(2) Note. This subclass contains disclosures of some metal
sheet folders which function to bend the sheet double about a
thin wedge or plate extending from a clamp jaw. It is
presumed, in the absence of detailed disclosure, that the
folding edge is rounded to some extent, to avoid cracking or
cutting the work. [figure] [caption]Pivoting tool coacting
with curved die surface extension on passive clamp (subclass
321)
Subclass:
322
With die surface extending from clamp jaw:
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Subject matter
utilizing an element integral with or rigidly attached to a
jaw of said work-gripping instrumentality said element having
a work-shape-imparting surface which is designed and intended
to be engaged by, and to restrain movement of, portions of
work at some time during an operation of the class type, said
surface being nonplanar, and/or offset or inclined with
respect to the work-engaging face of said jaw.
(1) Note. See (1) and (2) Notes under subclass 320 for
discussion of "die surface".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
320 for metal deformation by die surface extension of work
clamp and a co-acting pivoted tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, 87 for a work clamp or vise with
nominally recited tool couple element.
Subclass:
323
Plural die surface portions and co-acting tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Subject matter
utilizing two or more work-shape-imparting areas extending
from clamp jaw structure, and a relatively movable tool
associated with each area and effective to force work against
its associated shape-imparting area at some time during an
operation of the class type.
(1) Note. A device of this type is commonly used to bend the
two end portions of a centrally clamped rod or bar into
U-shaped form against cheeks on the clamp jaws.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
400 for a similar tool arrangement (opposed face tool
complex*) but without a claimed clamp.
Subclass:
324
WITH CUTTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising method of or means for systematic
cutting* of the material which is the subject of metal
deformation.
(1) Note. See section VI, paragraph B, of this class for the
relation of this class to other classes involving cutting,
for a statement of the subject matter included in this class,
and for examples of included and excluded combinations.
(2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented
hereunder are the locus for (a) combinations of
metal-deforming machines (or subcombinations thereof), or
metal-deforming implements or tools; with actuatable cutters
or organized cutting devices; and for (b) methods involving
metal deformation and cutting, if not excluded by the class
definition or provided for in preceding subclasses relating
to specialized methods or apparatus (e.g., rolling,
extrusion, etc.).
(3) Note. The presence of sharp points or edges on tools is
not sufficient to identify the tools as "cutters" for any
cutting subclass in Class 72, unless as disclosed (a) they
effect complete penetration of the work (with or without
severance or removal of material), or (b) they effect a
claimed cutting, incising, piercing, splitting, breaking,
etc., as distinguished from mere deformation of material.
(4) Note. A claimed tool for cutting and deforming metal,
but constituting less than an organized apparatus (e.g.,
lacking actuating means or coacting tool, etc., is subject
matter for subclass 464.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40 for cutting (e.g., grinding or turning), in mechanical
cleaning combined with metal deformation.
55 for cutting combined with metal deformation by
pressurized fluent material.
70 for cutting combined with metal deformation by a tool
rotating relatively to work about a motion center within
work.
129 for cutting combined with metal deformation by
deflecting bodily moving work.
185 for cutting with metal deformation by a "flying" tool.
203 for cutting with roller or similar operation.
254 for cutting with extrusion.
275 for cutting with rod, wire, or tube drawing.
294 for cutting with metal deformation by use of
work-gripping clamp and relatively movable clamp or tool.
464 for a combined or composite metal-deforming and cutting
tool; and see (4) Note to this subclass above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 33 for a "combined machine" excluded from
this class (72) for reasons outlined in Lines With Other
Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes, With Cutting of
this class.
30, Cutlery, for a cutting implement or a work-supported
cutter.
82, Turning, for cutting rotating work.
83, Cutting, for method or apparatus for cutting in general;
see the class definition and notes for the locations of
disclosures of various kinds of cutting and combinations with
other operations.
225, Severing by Tearing or Breaking, for breaking or tearing
apparatus.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, appropriate
subclasses for a disclosure of cutting and deforming
apparatus associated with a nail-driving device.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
appropriate subclasses for cutting of that class type. The
combination of cutting in a Class 408 manner with metal
deforming of this class (72) will be found in this class.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for other machining
process or apparatus.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 289 for apparatus for shaping or reshaping
nonmetals not otherwise provided for combined with preform
severing means.
451, Abrading, 38 for a process of sandblasting and
subclasses 75+ for a machine for sandblasting.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for metal deformation
associated with cutting in the art of fastener making, except
as provided for in Class 408.
Subclass:
325
By composite tool (e.g., piercing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
wherein cutting is effected by means comprising a pointed or
edged element rigidly attached to or constituting a portion
of a disclosed metal-deforming tool*, which element engages
work at some time during the disclosed motion of said tool or
during the disclosed motion of an associated metal-deforming
tool forming therewith a tool couple*, during which disclosed
motion an operation of the class type is also performed upon
the same work or upon metal material integral therewith.
(1) Note. A composite metal-deforming and cutting tool may
be either an actuated or a fixed tool, or there may be
co-acting cutting edges on both elements of a metal-deforming
tool couple.
(2) Note. The cutting may take place before, during, or
after a claimed deforming operation by said tool upon the
same workpiece or upon integrally connected material (such as
stock, partially treated work, undetached product portion,
etc.). It must in all cases be regularly associated with a
deforming operation, i.e., in the same tool stoke, and not as
an optional or alternative use of the tool.
(3) Note. This subclass is the residual locus for patents
directed to process or apparatus involving a composite tool
which cuts by sawing, drilling, tearing, nipping, incising,
puncturing, or other nonshearing action. See following
diagram for an example of a composite tool; (other examples
in subclasses 327 and 330).
(4) Note. See search notes under subclasses 464 of this
class for listing of other subclasses providing for composite
cutting-deforming tools. [figure] [caption]Composite
cutting-and-deforming tool (subclass 325)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for a roller-type composite tool.
324 340 and 341, for a nonshearing cutting device combined
with a metal-deforming device, or for method involving such
cutting and metal deformation.
464 for a composite tool, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 566.1 for a cutter with noncutting work
modifying means.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 596
for apertured or slit metallic stock which may be the product
of a piercing operation.
Subclass:
326
Shear-type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter
wherein said edged element and a coacting element having a
generally conforming edge are arranged to engage opposite
sides of work and to approach each other, with the edge on
one element moving past, and in close and overlapping
relationship to, the edge of the coacting element.
(1) Note. A cutting tool couple must cut completely through
work in the direction of tool advance to be regarded as a
shear-type cutter for this or indented subclasses; no
material need be detached, e.g., slitting or fringing is
frequently done by shearing cutters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 for the general combination of a shearing tool couple
with a metal-deforming device or for method involving such
cutting and metal deformation.
Subclass:
327
With endless cutting edges:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter
wherein the shearing edge on each of said elements defines a
closed curve in a plane normal to the direction of motion of
the movable element(s).
(1) Note. The cutting effected by an endless edge shearing
couple is variously termed "punching", "die-cutting",
"blanking", "stamping out", etc. In all cases, a discrete
piece of material is detached (e.g., a blank, product, or
waste) by a cut which encircles the detached piece, as
indicated in the accompanying diagram. [figure]
[caption]Deforming work and severing product by endless-edge
composite tool (subclass 327)
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for an endless edge shearing tool couple combined with a
metal-deforming device, or for the corresponding method.
Subclass:
328
Utilizing stripper or ejector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter
comprising means for, or the use of means for, engaging, and
thereby detaching or assuring the detachment of, a product,
piece, or portion from a cutter which has produced or
penetrated it.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for a stripper or ejector in a closed die
metal-deforming apparatus.
427 for an ejector associated with a metal-deforming tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses under 78 for a stripper
or ejector in a cutting machine.
Subclass:
329
Blank detaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter
wherein the cutting edges are so arranged with respect to the
deforming face of the metal-deforming tool that they are
effective to separate a discrete piece (as from stock
material or a rough blank) prior to deformation of said
discrete piece by said tool face.
(1) Note. Substantially simultaneous engagement of work by
shearing edges and metal-deforming tool faces is regarded as
"blank detaching" for this subclass, for the blank is severed
before any substantial amount of deformation has been
performed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
330 and 337, for blank detaching by cut-off shears.
339 for precutting by severing means other than shears.
366.2 for blank detaching by endless edge shearing cutters
which do not form part of a composite tool.
Subclass:
330
Blank detaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject matter
wherein the cutting edges are so arranged with respect to the
deforming face of the metal-deforming tool that they are
effective to separate a discrete piece (as from stock
material or a rough blank) prior to deformation of said
discrete piece by said tool face.
(1) Note. This subclass typically involves cutting off a
length of a metal strip, rod, or wire for subsequent
deformation by a tool face rigid with the cutter (See
diagram). [figure] [caption]Composite tool device for
subclass 330. Blank is severed from stack prior to
deformation in same tool stroke.
(2) Note. Substantially simultaneous engagement of work by
shearing edges and metal-deforming tool faces is regarded as
"blank detaching" for this subclass, for the blank is severed
before any substantial amount of deformation has been
performed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
337 for similar blanking by a shearing tool couple prior to
metal deformation by another tool couple.
Subclass:
331
Severing (e.g., subdividing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Subject
matter, note provided for in preceding subclasses, comprising
the detachment of a discrete piece of material from stock,
work, or a product of metal deformation.
(1) Note. This subclass accommodates shearing operations by
composite tool in which metal deformation is accompanied by
cutting for such purposes as (a) reduction of scrap, (b)
subdividing a multiple product, (c) notching, (d) detaching
product from end of stock, or (e) squaring or trimming a
rough blank, etc., as distinguished from the blank detaching
from stock in subclass 330 above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for metal deformation with associated severing by means
other than shears.
Subclass:
332
By shearing tool couple:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject matter
comprising cutting by a plurality of coacting edged tool
elements which are arranged to engage opposite sides of work,
and to approach each other with the edge on one tool element
moving past, and in close overlapping relationship to, the
edge of another tool.
(1) Note. For original placement in this subclass, the
shears must cut completely through the work in the direction
of tool motion, but severing, i.e., detachment of material,
is not required (fringing and slitting is frequently effected
by shearing).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
326 for a composite shearing and metal-deforming tool.
Subclass:
333
With endless cutting edges (e.g., for punching a hole):
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein the shearing edge on each of said elements defines a
closed curve in a plane normal to the direction of motion of
the movable element(s).
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 327.
Subclass:
334
After final metal-deforming operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter
wherein the cutting tools are arranged to operate on a
portion of a product subsequent to the last deforming
operation thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for severing a discrete piece from material (which may
be a final product of metal deformation) by cutting means
other than shears.
340 for machining after final deformation (e.g., grinding,
drilling, turning, etc.).
Subclass:
335
Precutting (i.e., before metal deforming):
This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Subject matter
wherein the cutting operation precedes any metal-deforming
operation (a) in a sequence of method steps, or (b) in the
disclosed operation of a machine.
(1) Note. This subclass is intended to accommodate any
cutting by a tool of the type proper to subclass 333 which
occurs (a) prior to the initial metal-deforming treatment on
a workpiece, (b) prior to any deforming operation in the same
operating cycle of a machine, or (c) "upstream" of
metal-deforming tool stations in a progressive punch press or
the like.
(2) Note. The cutting which characterizes this subclass is
usually for the purpose of punching out slugs of waste
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for machining (drilling, grinding, etc.), prior to metal
deformation.
339 for precutting other than by disclosed shearing with
severance of a discrete piece.
Subclass:
336
Blank detaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter
wherein the cutting effects complete severance of a discrete
workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for blank detaching by composite tool with endless
cutting edge.
330 and 337, for blanking detaching by shearing tools in a
different environment.
339 for severing by nonshearing means prior to metal
deformation.
Subclass:
337
Blank detaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter
wherein the cutting effects complete severance of a discrete
workpiece prior to any deforming operation thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 and 330, for blank detaching by shear-type composite
metal-deforming and cutting tool.
Subclass:
338
Severing a discrete piece from stock, work, or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject
matter, not provided for in preceding subclasses, wherein the
cutting effects separation of a coherent portion of material
from a parent body (such as stock, work, or product).
(1) Note. This subclass in intended to accommodate the
combination of metal deforming with means for, or a step of,
detaching a piece of significant size from the material which
is the subject of metal deformation, by a nonshearing type of
cutting, e.g., sawing, breaking, tearing, nipping, etc., or
by undisclosed or incompletely disclosed means, where it is
evident that the separated portion is not intended to be
reduced to chips or fillings by the severing operation.
(2) Note. The use of a saw or milling cutter for the
disclosed purpose of subdividing, or separating a coherent
piece from stock, etc., is regarded as "severing" for the
purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 340 and 341, for machining associated with metal
deformation.
Subclass:
339
Precutting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Subject matter
wherein the severing precedes any metal-deforming operation.
(1) Note. In addition to "blanking", this subclass may
include trimming or squaring of stock or of a rough blank,
subdividing of a multiple blank, etc., by nonshearing or
undisclosed means, where it is evident that the cut portions
are not reduced to chips or shavings.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 and 330, for precutting (prior to metal-deforming) by a
shear-type composite tool.
335 for precutting by a shearing tool.
Subclass:
340
Machining after final metal deforming (e.g., grinding to
size):
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject
matter, not provided for in preceding subclasses, and
involving the conversion of a portion of product of metal
deformation into chips, filings, etc., subsequent to the last
deforming operation thereon.
(1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 338 above for severing
by a machining operation.
Subclass:
341
Machining between plural metal-deforming operations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Subject
matter, not provided for in preceding subclasses, and
involving the conversion of a portion of a product of metal
deformation into chips, filings, etc., and followed by
another deforming operation on the unconverted portion of
said product.
(1) Note. The term "product of metal deformation" denotes
any piece, blank, or supply of coherent material upon which
an operation of the class type has been performed; a product
of metal deformation may thus constitute "work" for a
succeeding deforming operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for machining or miscellaneous nonshearing cutting
operation prior to metal deformation.
340 for machining after final metal deformation.
Subclass:
342.1
With temperature modification of tool or of specified portion
of work:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means for or a step of localized
heating or cooling of a tool* of a metal deforming device
and/or of a limited and particularly denoted part of the
work.
(1) Note. The general heating or cooling of a machine or of
work material is excluded from this subclass, and a
disclosure thereof is to be placed with the class type of
deforming method or apparatus claimed.
(2) Note. The schedule of this class (72) does not
distinguish generally between "hot" and "cold" work in patent
claims, for this feature is not consistently specified in the
claims. Subclasses in certain areas of the schedule recognize
heating or cooling as significant (see subclass 286, for
example, in the wire or tube drawing art).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5 12.2, 16.4, and 18.3, for metal deforming with use of
control means energized in response to an activator
stimulated by a sensor responsive to the temperature of work
or product.
69 for metal deforming by use of a tool acting during
relative rotation about an internal center with modification
or control of temperature of work, tool, or machine; or with
lubrication thereof.
128 for metal deforming by deflecting with modification or
control of temperature of work, tool or machine.
200 for metal deforming by a roller with modification or
control of temperature of work, tool or machine.
286 for metal deforming by pulling a workpiece through a
closed periphery die with heating or cooling.
Subclass:
342.2
Cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.1. Subject
matter comprising means for, or a step of localized cooling
(i.e., lowering the thermal energy of) a tool* of a
metal-deforming device and/or of a limited and particularly
denoted part of the work.
Subclass:
342.3
Of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.2. Subject
matter comprising means for or a step of localized cooling of
a tool* of a metal deforming device.
Subclass:
342.4
And heating of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.3. Subject
matter also comprising localized heating (i.e., raising the
energy level) of the tool.
Subclass:
342.5
And heating of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.2. Subject
matter comprising heating (i.e., raising the thermal level of
the material being deformed).
Subclass:
342.6
Distinct temperature modifications at distinct locations of
workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.5. Subject
matter comprising provision to establish a thermal level at
one portion of the material being deformed and at a different
thermal level at a different portion of the material.
Subclass:
342.7
Of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.1. Subject
matter comprising means for or a step of localized heating or
cooling of a tool* of a metal-deforming device.
Subclass:
342.8
Preheating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.7. Subject
matter comprising heating or cooling of a tool before
application of the tool to the metal deforming action to
prepare that tool to function in the manner as if it had
previously been in operation.
Subclass:
342.92
By electrical resistance heater within tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.7. Subject
matter wherein the tool is heated by a device intended for
that purpose which device utilize its resistance to the flow
of electrical current to raise the thermal level of the
tool.
Subclass:
342.94
Distinct temperature modifications at distinct locations of
workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.1. Subject
matter comprising provision to establish a thermal level at
one portion of the material being deformed and at a different
thermal level at a different portion of the material.
Subclass:
342.96
By passing electric current through work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 342.94. Subject
matter including provision to pass electricity through the
workpiece, to utilize the electrical resistance of the work
to effect heating.
Subclass:
343
BY USE OF CLOSED DIE AND CO-ACTING WORK FORCER (E.G.,
PUSH-DRAWING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising the use of a movable member and
means to move, or guide the motion of, said member during an
operation of the class type, said movable member being
effective to forcibly propel or press work (a) into and
through a work shape-imparting orifice*, or (b) into or
within a passageway* or die cavity* having a closed perimeter
definable in a plane normal to the direction of motion of
said member, the work being moved by said member to such an
extent that at least a portion of the work has impressed
therein or thereon a shape which is substantially congruent
with the edge of said orifice or with some portion of said
perimeter.
(1) Note. The term "movable" is used in a relative sense.
Either, or both of, the work-forcer and the shape-imparting
structure may be movable during the deforming operation, and
the work forcer may also constitute a closed die*.
(2) Note. These subclasses (343) are the loci for original
placement of all closed die apparatus and method patents,
except those including an accompanying feature (such as
cleaning, or lubrication, or cutting) provided for in
preceding subclasses, or certain specific apparatus or
techniques (such a metal deformation by pressurized fluid, or
by extrusion) which have been selected for collection ahead
of general "closed die" operations.
(3) Note. This subclass (343) is the residual locus for a
method of, or apparatus for, metal deformation into and/or
within an open-ended passageway, as distinguished from a
closed bottom die cavity (e.g., pushing a rod or tube through
a die to reduce its diameter, or die-forging an automobile
valve head while providing an open-ended die passageway for
the formation of a stem portion of unrestricted length). Some
operations inaccurately called extrusion are properly
classified in this subclass, wherein metal is not actually
forced outwardly away from the die or past the most
constricted portion of a passageway.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for the expansion of hollow work by fluid pressure within
a die.
127 for metal deformation by deflecting (e.g., bending,
coiling, "skelping", or longitudinally troughing) bodily
moving work, by passing it through a tool station which may
include a closed die.
253.1 for extrusion through an orifice.
274 for rod-, tube-, or wire-drawing by pulling through a
closed die.
293 for metal deformation by use of a nondeforming clamp and
relatively movable tool.
317 and 318, for a disclosure of closed die apparatus.
352 for apparatus employing a closed die of the die cavity,
or closed bottom type, as distinguished from a through die
usable in extruding or wire-drawing.
467 for closed die structure, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 394 for coacting shaping surfaces for reshaping
nonmetallic preforms; and subclasses 406+ for press forming
apparatus for nonmetallic fluent materials, see the search
notes thereunder.
Subclass:
344
With stripping or ejecting from tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
comprising an instrumentality, or the step of using an
instrumentality, which is effective to cause or to assure
such relative motion between a product of metal deformation
and a tool as to detach and remove said product from said
tool.
(1) Note. The instrumentality may be active or passive,
e.g., it may be a fixed projection against which an article
clinging to a retracting tool is struck and dislodged from
the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 169, 250, and 257, for product handling, stripping, or
ejecting associated with some other type of metal-deforming
apparatus.
328 for a stripper or ejector associated with a composite
(deforming and cutting) tool.
361 for product handling associated with closed die
apparatus.
419 for means to handle product in metal-deforming
apparatus.
427 for an ejector associated with metal-deforming
apparatus.
Subclass:
345
Timed with tool motion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Subject matter
comprising means for, or the step of utilizing means for,
moving said instrumentality in a definite temporal
relationship to the movement of said tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
417 for timed relationship between tool motion and blank
holder motion.
421 for timed tool and work moving means.
426 for product handling means, including ejector,
associated with metal-deforming apparatus.
Subclass:
346
With work feeding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Subject matter
comprising means for, or the step of utilizing means for,
advancing or guiding work to the tool zone, prior to an
operation of the class type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361 for holding, handling, or guiding of work in connection
with metal deformation by closed die apparatus.
419 for means to handle work in metal-deforming apparatus.
Subclass:
347
Cup or shell drawing (i.e., deep drawing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
wherein said movable member comprises a head or shoulder
designed and intended to abuttingly engage work, and which
head or shoulder is movable, while engaged with a first
portion of the work, into and past said orifice or into a
substantially cylindrical or parallel-sided work
shape-imposing section of said cavity or passageway, at least
some other portion of work material being pulled by said
first portion into such forcible engagement with the wall of
the orifice, cavity, passageway, as to have impressed thereon
a shape corresponding to said engaged wall.
(1) Note. Apparatus of this subclass is intended to operate
on work of initial dimension larger than the work-shaping
opening. The product may be a discrete cup or shell having
the dimension of the opening, and with or without a flange,
rim, or undrawn material left attached localized drawn
portion such as a flanged opening (see diagram under subclass
350).
(2) Note. Although the typical product is cylindrical in
form, apparatus of this subclass may be used to draw a
tapered object, if sufficient clearance is provided between
plunger and draw ring (closed-die); the product may also be
of interrupted or segmental form as determined by the initial
shape or size of the blank.
(3) Note. If the plunger merely pushes material into a die
cavity without itself entering the cavity, the operation is
closed die forging for subclass 352; if the plunger (or male
die) enters the die cavity but does not reach a cylindrical
or parallel-sided portion thereof while pulling work
therewith (i.e., subclasses 347+), see subclasses 358+. Deep
drawing may be accompanied by die forging, embossing, etc.,
for which see subclass 348.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for deep-drawing (means or method) combined with other
metal deformation.
Subclass:
348
With additional metal deforming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
further comprising organized apparatus or a method step of a
type which itself constitutes subject matter for this class.
(1) Note. Any other claimed deforming operation, such as die
forging, embossing, bending, etc., combined with an operation
which qualifies as "deep drawing: is proper subject matter
for this subclass. (Often a portion of a tool couple effects
deep drawing, while other portions operate in other ways upon
the same work, as for flanging, bending, embossing, etc.).
Subclass:
349
Plural deep drawing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Subject matter
wherein the additional apparatus or method step itself would
constitute subject matter for subclasses 347+.
(1) Note. A method comprising two or more steps of deep
drawing, or apparatus for performing such steps, with or
without additional metal deforming is proper subject matter
for this subclass.
Subclass:
350
With application of frictional restraining force to work
during deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter
utilizing a nonpositive work gripper and actuating means for
making said gripper effective to engage work, said actuating
means or said gripper embodying adjustable or yieldable
structure which is intended to be capable of so limiting or
regulating the force of engagement of said gripper with the
work as to permit movement (i.e., slippage) of a portion of
the gripped work in response to internal stresses developed
therein by and during the motion of said movable member.
(1) Note. Subclasses 350+ is loci for deep-drawing apparatus
utilizing a "blank holder" or "clamp ring" which is so
actuated that it permits work material to slip gradually into
the bore of the draw ring or die during the drawing of a cup
or shell. The slippage of work under frictional restraint
distinguishes the blank holder of this subclass from the
nondeforming work gripping clamp which characterizes
preceding subclasses 293 (see accompanying diagram). [figure]
[caption]Deep-drawing with frictional restraint on work
(subclass 350).
(2) Note. The blank holder of this subclass has the effect
of a metal-deforming tool or tool couple acting to modify the
operation of the plunger and draw ring. Similar structure may
be found in subclasses 312+, where, however, no yielding or
slippage function is disclosed or desired.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for a positively gripping blank-holding clamp and
coacting metal-deforming tool.
417 for interrelated blank holder mover and tool mover.
Subclass:
351
With yieldable actuation of work gripper (e.g., spring biased
blank holder):
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter
wherein the means for actuating said gripper comprises a
force responsive (e.g., deformable, resilient, or slipping)
element forming part of the force-transmitting train, such
element serving to limit the force exerted on and by said
gripper.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
382 and 396+, for yieldable face portion or auxiliary tool
in a tool complex*; such yieldable element frequently has a
work-holding function in addition to its deforming function.
431 for yieldable connection in drive train to a movable
tool.
453.1 for pneumatic- or fluid-actuated tool support.
465.1 for flexible or yieldable tool or tool support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 460 for a clamp driven by yieldable
means in a cutting machine.
Subclass:
352
Forcing work into closed die; e.g., forging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Subject matter
wherein the operation is disclosed as having been completed
while the deformed work material remains in the interior of
the closed die.
(1) Note. Apparatus of this and the indented subclasses
typically embodies a closed bottom die, rather than the
through die which characterizes extrusion or wire-drawing
devices in preceding subclasses 253.1+ and 274+. Deep drawing
is sometimes effected in closed bottom dies of suitable
configuration (i.e., with cylindrical wall section, see
subclass 347).
(2) Note. The product of this and the intended subclasses is
usually formed in three dimensions as a discrete object,
e.g., a drop-forged article, or as a localized deformation of
stock material or of a larger object (e.g., a bolt head upset
at the end of a rod) as distinguished from the continuous or
indefinite length products of many through die operations.
(3) Note. A complete search for closed bottom closed die
apparatus or method will involve many of the preceding
subclass areas in this schedule, particularly, deforming by
fluid pressure (subclasses 54+), and by use of relatively
movable clamp (subclasses 293+).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61 for metal deformation by use of fluid pressure and fixed
die for expanding hollow work.
293 for metal deformation by work clamp and relatively
movable tool (which may constitute a closed die).
462 for a metal-deforming tool, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
267, Spring Devices, subclass 119 for a piston-type fluid
spring device useful as a press cushion in a sheet metal
deforming, die cavity press; and subclass 130 for a spring
device, other than fluid spring type for such use.
Subclass:
353.2
By two or more coacting tools movable relative to closed die;
e.g., tool complex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
including a first instrumentality for deforming the work in
the closed die, or as it moves the work thereinto; and a
second deforming instrumentality also for deforming the work
in the closed die, or as it moves the work thereinto; wherein
the first and second deforming instrumentalities move
relative to each other and relative to the closed die during
deformation of the work, in such manner that at some instant
during the class type operation the closed die and both of
the other deforming instrumentalities are in simultaneous
contact with the same work.
(1) Note. The first and second deforming instrumentalities
may have any location or any type of stroke. There must be
relative motion between the instrumentalities and the closed
die during deformation, but any one of the tools may be
stationary.
(2) Note. This subclass relates to a closed-die
tool-complex*, as distinguished from "plural metal-deforming
apparatus" which involves alternately or sequentially
advanced and withdrawn tools (or concurrently actuated tools
which treat distinct workpieces).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
356 for plural (similar or diverse) metal-deforming
apparatus, employing at least one closed-die device.
381 for a tool-complex comprising an offset-face tool
couple.
394 for a tool-complex with opposed-face tools.
471 for a tool-couple with an intermediate tool.
Subclass:
353.4
Symmetrically expanding tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353.2. Subject
matter wherein the first and second deforming
instrumentalities are actuated to move equally apart, toward
the work, and with respect to the closed die during the
deforming operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
392 for similar symmetrically expanding tools not in
combination with a closed die.
Subclass:
353.6
With tools converging to form annular surface; e.g., segments
of closed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353.4. Subject
matter wherein the closed die is comprised of a plurality of
portions each covering an arc of the periphery thereof, which
portions are movable radially with respect to each other, but
not during metal deformation; or (2) including a closed die
and including a plurality of components, each having a work
engaging arcuate surface, wherein the components move
simultaneously together to give the work a continuous
circular surface.
(1) Note. The "portions" of the closed die of clause (1)
this subclass are not in motion during the deforming
operation. Commonly the purpose of being segmented is to
allow removal thereof from the formed product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for peripherally spaced tools that move radially
inwardly to effect a metal deforming operation, even if the
tools mutually form an annular shaping surface at their
radially innermost position, but do not comprise a "closed
die."
Subclass:
354.2
With tools converging to form annular surface; e.g., segments
of closed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353.2. Subject
matter wherein the closed die is comprised of a plurality of
portions each covering an arc of the periphery thereof, which
portions are movable radially with respect to each other, but
not during metal deformation; or (2) including a closed die
and including a plurality of components, each having a work
engaging arcuate surface, wherein the components move
simultaneously together to give the work a continuous
circular surface.
(1) Note. The "portions" of the closed die of clause (1) of
this subclass are not in motion during the deforming
operation. Commonly the purpose of being segmented is to
allow removal thereof from the formed product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
402 for peripherally spaced tools that move radially
inwardly to effect a metal deforming operation, even if the
tools mutually form an annular shaping surface at their
radially innermost position, but do not comprise a "closed
die".
Subclass:
354.6
One tool telescoping into closed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 353.2. Subject
matter wherein at least one of the deforming
instrumentalities slidingly enters into a parallel sided
portion of the closed die during the deforming operation.
Subclass:
354.8
One yieldably connected to another:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354.6. Subject
matter wherein force transmitted to one of the deforming
instrumentalities is also transmitted to another deforming
instrumentality by a yieldable medium such that even though
both have a common drive or holding means, there is relative
movement between those two instrumentalities during the
deforming operation.
Subclass:
355.2
Coaxial opposed tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 354.6. Subject
matter wherein the first and second deforming
instrumentalities are spaced from each other along a line and
move parallel to that line, toward each other, and with
respect to the closed die to effect the deforming operation
on a workpiece therebetween.
(1) Note. An ejector rod (knockout rod) or similar element
which may lie in contact with work during a deforming
operation but which has no independent motion until it is
actuated to expel a formed product from a tool after the
operation is completed, should be distinguished from a
"first" or "second" instrumentality.
Subclass:
355.4
Passing through work; e.g., "punch":
This subclass is indented under subclass 355.2. Subject
matter wherein at least one of the deforming
instrumentalities penetrates either singularly or in
conjunction with the coaxial instrumentality all the way
through the workpiece.
(1) Note. The workpiece may be cylindrical when introduced
to the deforming instrumentalities, or may be a billet that
is forged to a tubular shape.
Subclass:
355.6
Both telescoping into closed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 355.2. Subject
matter wherein the coaxially opposed deforming
instrumentality also slidingly enters into another
cylindrical portion of a closed die during the shaping
operation.
Subclass:
356
With additional metal deforming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
which comprises or utilizes a second set of organized
instrumentalities capable of effecting an operation of the
class type.
(1) Note. A device classified in this subclass consists of
apparatus of subclass 352 type, combined in any manner and to
any degree with similar apparatus or with apparatus
classifiable, per se, in a lower subclass but falling short
of qualifying as a tool complex* for subclasses 353.2+
above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 for deep drawing with additional metal deformation.
404 for plural metal-deforming apparatus of types not
provided for in preceding subclasses.
Subclass:
357
With actuation of split die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
including utilization of a work-engaging member constructed
in two or more relatively movable parts, separable to admit
work and movable to closed position to confine work there
between and to afford a shape-imposing surface or cavity
adjacent to a portion of the work, said device further
comprising a power-transmitting train for moving said parts
to closed position.
(1) Note. For this subclass, the multipart work-holding or
work-confining member must also constitute a die (i.e., must
comprise a work-shape-imposing, or limiting surface which at
some time during the movement of the coacting tool or work
forcer is engaged by work), but it must not constitute a die
couple. In other words, if parts of the work gripper deform
work while closing into gripping engagement therewith, they
constitute a tool couple; in combination with the relatively
movable header or other tool they thus become a tool complex
for subclasses 353.2+, 381+, or 394+.
(2) Note. Usually, but not necessarily, the work gripper die
surface defines a closed die cavity; however, the coacting
tool may itself constitute the closed die and the gripper die
surface may have any form, e.g., flat or segmental.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
312 for interrelated work clamp actuator and tool mover.
353.2 for closed die tool complex wherein two or more tools
coact to grip partially deformed work, and see (1) Note
above.
Subclass:
358
Tool portion enters cavity of closed die:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
wherein at some time during an operation of the class type at
least a part of the work-engaging surface of the movable
member intersects a plane normal to the direction of motion
of said member and containing a closed perimeter portion of
the die cavity or passageway.
Subclass:
359
With telescoping engagement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 358. Subject matter
wherein said movable member substantially fills the opening
presented by said die cavity or passageway, or wherein a
portion of said member engages a complementarily shaped
portion of the side wall of said die cavity or passageway
during the movement of said member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
333 for some disclosures of telescoping metal-deforming tool
and cutting tool.
355.6 for a closed die complex involving telescoping tools.
391.8 for a telescoping tool couple with offset tool faces.
Subclass:
360
Co-acting closed dies:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
utilizing two opposed relatively movable closed die*
structures.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus for apparatus
comprising a conventional drop-forging die couple, as
indicated in the accompanying diagram. [figure]
[caption]Metal deforming by coacting closed dies (subclass
360).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
348 and 353.2+, for other disclosures of coacting closed
dies.
Subclass:
361
With holding, handling, or guiding of work or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 352. Subject matter
not specifically provided for in preceding subclasses and
utilizing structure which is designed and intended to (a)
maintain or retain material in fixed position relative to
metal-deforming apparatus, or (b) direct the course of moving
work or product and/or (c) cause the movement thereof
relative to metal-deforming apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
344 for stripping or ejecting associated with closed die
means or method.
419 for work or product-handling means associated with
metal-deforming apparatus, in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 78 for a cutting device with
product-handling means; and appropriate subclasses for means
to feed or guide work in specific types of cutting machines.
Subclass:
362
PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Method, of deformation metal which is not classifiable in any
of the subclasses hereinabove.
(1) Note. Metal-deforming processes claimed in combination
with other metal treatments not particularly provided for in
this class are generally excluded from this class. However,
combinations which comprise a nonsignificant heat treatment
and deforming of metal are placed here. See Lines With Other
Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes, With HEat
Treatment, paragraph 2 of Class 72 definition and Lines With
Other Classes, Metal Casting, Metal Fusion Bonding, etc., the
first paragraph, of the Class 148 definition to determine
what constitutes significant heat treatment for Class 148.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 592 for a process for making a
miscellaneous article, that is, one whose manufacture is not
the subject of a specific subclass. Except for subclasses
421.1+, these subclasses have not yet been screened and those
which do not involve assembly (which are excluded from this
Class 72) may contain subject matter similar to that found in
this class.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, 101.1 for a process
of making a tool or implement which may include a step of
metal deformation, but which also includes another treatment,
such as welding or assembly, which latter treatment (or which
inclusion of extraneous subject matter) operates to exclude
the combination from this class (72).
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 544 for
metallic stock, e.g., of indefinite length, which may be the
product of metal deforming operation; and especially subclass
600 of such stock having a variation in thickness.
Subclass:
363
Deforming stacked blanks:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process which
includes the simultaneous or immediately sequential
deformation of an ordered assemblage of workpieces in a
face-to-face arrangement, the workpieces being intended,
according to the disclosure, to be separated subsequent to
deformation.
(1) Note. The limitation "face-to-face" includes blanks
separated by thin material such as goldbeater's skin.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 and 46+, for deformation of stacked blanks preceded by
coating for lubrication or other purposes.
Subclass:
364
With temperature maintenance or modification:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process
including a step of evolving, maintaining, or modifying a
thermal condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342.1 for temperature modification of a tool or a specified
portion of work.
Subclass:
365.2
"Rolling":
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process which
is described by the verb "roll" or a participial derivation
thereof, but which as claimed does not employ sufficient
identifying structural matter to warrant placement in a
preceding subclass.
Subclass:
366.2
Between disclosed rollers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 365.2. Process
which as disclosed is accomplished by passing the work
between one or more pairs of rollers*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
199 for a process of working metal by specific roller
apparatus.
379.2 for a patent including a process of bending sheet
metal by rollers or rolling, but in which rollers or rolling
are not claimed.
Subclass:
367.1
Tube making or reshaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process
relating to the manufacture or deformation of a tube*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 6.1+, 28.1+, 31.01+, 37, 38, 39+, 48+, 53, 54+, 64+, 66,
67+, 127+, 184+, 199+, 253.1+, 274+, 292, 293+, 324+, 342.1+,
343+, for processes of tube making or reshaping by the use of
various named types of apparatus.
Subclass:
368
Making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process
which relates to the manufacture of a tube and in which the
blank or material subjected to the deforming operation has a
shape other than a tube immediately prior to such operation.
Subclass:
369
Bending:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process for
changing the direction of the running length of a tube.
Subclass:
370.01
Comprising use of internal tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process
including the use of an active or passive tool located within
the interior of the work during the reshaping operation.
(1) Note. A passive or undriven tool is commonly termed an
anvil, a core, or a mandrel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 for a process involving the use of fluent material as a
core or passive tool (e.g., liquid, sand, shot).
96 113, 139, 142+, 148, 150, 193, 208+, 264+, 283, and 352+,
for a process involving the use of an internal tool in a
metal-deforming operation employing a specified type of
apparatus.
398 for apparatus comprising a floating mandrel.
Subclass:
370.02
End necked down:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Process
which reduces the transverse dimension of an axial extremity
of the tube*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for a process of necking down using a rotating tool to
traverse a rotating tube.
370.1 for a process of end forming without the use of an
internal tool.
Subclass:
370.03
End upset:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Process
wherein an axially forced die causes an increase in wall
thickness of an axial extremity of the tube*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.1 for a process of end forming without the use of an
internal tool.
Subclass:
370.04
Laterally pressed die(s):
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Process
wherein at least one die* is transversely forced against the
tube*.
Subclass:
370.05
Collapsible mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.04. Process in
which the internal tool is undriven and breaks down for
removal from the interior of the tube* after the deformation
process.
Subclass:
370.06
Expanding tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.01. Process in
which the transverse dimension of the tube* is increased.
Subclass:
370.07
Sleeve expanded in passage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.06. Process in
which a tube* is deformed outwardly to engage the inner wall
of a hole.
Subclass:
370.08
Expanding internal tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.06. Process in
which the tool in the interior of the tube* increases in size
transversely thereby deforming the tube*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
393 for a tool for tube expanding.
Subclass:
370.1
End forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which deformation is directed to an axial extremity of the
tube*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.01 for a process of end forming using an internal tool.
Subclass:
370.11
Flange forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.1. Process in
which an axial extremity of the tube* is flared outward
making a projecting rim.
Subclass:
370.12
End closing (e.g., crimping):
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.1. Process in
which an axial extremity of the tube* is sealed off.
Subclass:
370.13
Compression die (e.g., swaging):
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.1. Process in
which an axial extremity of the tube* is shaped using a
forced die*.
Subclass:
370.14
Changing wall thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which the transverse dimension of the tube's* metal* is
varied.
Subclass:
370.15
Increasing wall thickness:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.14. Process in
which the transverse dimension of the tube's* metal* is
enlarged.
Subclass:
370.16
Fin or thread forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which ribs are made on a surface of the tube*.
Subclass:
370.17
Internal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.16. Process in
which ribs are made on the tube's* inner surface.
Subclass:
370.18
And external:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.17. Process in
which additional ribs are made on the tube's* outer surface.
Subclass:
370.19
Corrugations forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which the tube's* wall is bent making ridges and troughs.
Subclass:
370.2
Axial:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.19. Process in
which the ridges and troughs are oriented parallel to the
tube's* axis.
Subclass:
370.21
Groove forming:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which a channel is made on a surface of the tube*.
Subclass:
370.22
Using pressurized fluid during deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which a liquid or a gas at a pressure other than the ambient
pressure is used while shaping.
Subclass:
370.23
Change in cross section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which the tube's profile is dimensionally modified.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.01 for a process of changing the cross section using an
internal tool.
Subclass:
370.24
Change in circular tube diameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.23. Process
wherein the tube* has an annular profile which is modified by
varying the transverse dimension of the annular profile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
370.06 for a process of expanding a circular tube using an
internal tool.
Subclass:
370.25
Reduction in diameter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.24. Process in
which the transverse dimension of the annular profile is
decreased.
Subclass:
370.26
Polygon cross section (e.g., rectangular):
This subclass is indented under subclass 370.23. Process in
which the tube* is deformed to produce a profile having three
or more straight conjoining sides.
Subclass:
370.27
Forming holes in tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 367.1. Process in
which an opening is formed in the tube's* wall.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for a process of cutting a tube.
Subclass:
371
Coiling and/or twisting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process
including a step of convoluting work material through more
than 360 deg. into a self-sustaining spiral winding, e.g., an
involute or a helix, and/or deforming the workpiece by
changing the relative angular orientation of two next
adjacent portions about an internal axis passing through
both.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64 for twisting axially moving work.
66 for coiling work by use of a work guide member which
orbits about the longitudinal centerline of the formed coil.
127 for coiling by deflecting successively presented portion
of work during bodily movement thereof.
299 for twisting work by and between relatively pivoted
clamps.
Subclass:
372
Involving use of claimed apparatus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process which
includes a step of using a claimed structural instrumentality
or portion thereof (not classifiable in any subclass above
362) for engaging and/or applying force to work to deform it
in carrying out the claimed process.
(1) Note. The structural instrumentality may be named as a
whole or defined by the recitation of sufficient parts or
attributes thereof to enable its identification as
metal-deforming apparatus. Thus, claimed recitation of a tool
couple, a single deforming tool, or a surface or shape which
must necessarily be attributed to a tool will place a patent
in this or an indented subclass. Process terms which express
or imply specific apparatus, such as, for example, in the
underlined expressions below, are appropriate for this
subclass: die express, die shape, drop forge, hammer swage,
force between surfaces. Examples of process terms which do
not denote apparatus limitations for this subclass are:
Reduce, enlarge, shape, form, draw, forge, bend, stretch,
upset, work, swage. These are manipulative steps capable of
accomplishment manually or by unspecified types of apparatus.
Search any appropriate subclass above for a process for
carrying out an operation classified in such subclass.
Subclass:
373
Reciprocating tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Process using
a work-engaging deforming or shaping tool which travels in a
rectilinear operational path to and from the work.
Subclass:
374
Opposed tool faces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Process using
apparatus in which the face of the reciprocating tool is
directly opposed through the work and in the line of
reciprocation by another tool means, i.e., the tools have
confronting work-engaging deforming face areas which would
collide if unrestrained.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
394 and any following subclass, for an opposed face tool
couple device which may be utilized in a method of this
subclass.
Subclass:
375
Complementary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Process using
apparatus which includes opposed shaping tools whose
work-engaging surfaces are generally of similar and mating or
interdigitating form (allowing for the thickness of the
work), so that a shape product corresponding to the tool
shape and of generally uniform thickness results.
(1) Note. The patents found here are mainly directed to
shaping (e.g., embossing) sheet metal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
414 for apparatus comprising complementary tool faces.
475 for a complementary-faced tool couple, per se.
Subclass:
376
Single tool pair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Process in
which work is deformed by a single opposed face tool couple*
consisting simply of two relatively movable members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
404 for metal-deforming mechanism comprising a plurality of
single tool couples.
407 and appropriate subclasses therebelow, for apparatus in
which the invention lies in metal-deforming mechanism which
is limited to a single tool couple.
Subclass:
377
With attenuation, thickening elongating shortening of work
material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process
including a step which causes a plastic flow of work material
which in turn results in a reduction or an enlargement of any
dimension of the work material not compensated for by a
parallel and opposite flow.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass relates to
substantially all metal-deforming operations except
"bending".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
372.2 for a metal-deforming process characterized by a
bending step.
Subclass:
378
By application of tensile forces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Process in
which work material is deformed by subjecting it to tension,
as by stretching or drawing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for stretching work by pulling it through a closed
periphery die, e.g., wire-drawing.
302 for stretching work by opposed relative translatory
motion of plural work- gripping clamps.
347 for stretching work by pushing a portion of it through a
closed die (e.g., drawing).
Subclass:
379.2
Deforming sheet metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 362. Process, not
classifiable in any other subclass thereunder, for deforming
work material which is substantially two-dimensional in
nature, i.e., having length and width dimensions which are
extremely large as compared to the general thickness of the
material.
(1) Note. This subclass is residual to sheet material
deforming processes. Search for a process of deforming sheet
material must therefore be extended to any other subclass
above in this schedule which may be appropriate to sheet
metal deformation, e.g., subclasses 179, 196, or 375.
Subclass:
379.4
Container making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.2. Process
including a step of creating a vessel for holding material
therein.
Subclass:
379.6
Forming undulations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 379.2. Process
including a step of creating a sinuous configuration in the
surface(s) of the two dimensional material including creation
of at least two "peaks" and at least two "valleys".
Subclass:
380
BY RELATIVELY MOVABLE OFFSET TOOL FACES (E.G., FOR BENDING OR
DRAWING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising means to drive or guide one or more tools* in such
relationship to a coacting tool that the tool faces of all
said tools are movable freely past each other without
interfering contact, to effect a disclosed deforming
operation.
(1) Note. Subclasses 380+ is intended to accommodate all
disclosures of apparatus of the offset-tool-face type, not
classifiable in preceding subclasses, and having two or more
metal-deforming tools (e.g., hammer and anvil, die and
work-pusher, coacting forming blocks or dies, etc.), which
tools are disclosed as being relatively movable toward, or
toward and past each other, with a noninterfering stroke
(i.e., no interference between actual work-engaging tool
portions, or tool-faces*), thereby accomplishing such
operations as bending, flanging, drawing, and others which do
not involve the direct compression of work between
confronting tool-faces, and in whose operation there is
always to be found an increase in some dimension of the
work.
(2) Note. The definition of this subclass excludes a tool
couple having any face portions (i.e., work-engaging
portions) in directly opposed relationship. Such a device
constitutes an opposed-face tool couple for placement in
succeeding subclasses, e.g., subclasses 412+, for non-planar
tool-face.
(3) Note. The combination of devices having offset-face and
opposed-face tool couples, or plural offset-face couples, is
classifiable in subclass 384. See (1) Note under subclass 384
for criteria applicable to plural or combined offset-face
devices.
(4) Note. The shape of the tools is not always an adequate
criterion for placement of a disclosure in subclasses 380+;
for example, a press with flat-faced ram and anvil block may
actually be disclosed only for use in partially straightening
a bent or V- or W-shaped workpiece, in which case the
tool-faces* (only those portions of the flat surfaces of the
ram and block which engage the work during the disclosed
operation) may be "offset" for subclasses 380+; the same
press, if claimed for flattening a crumpled plate, would be
classified in a lower subclass, possibly in subclasses 429+,
for the reason that flat and opposed-face tool couples are of
too general application for placement, as such, in any
specific subclass in this schedule.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 and particularly subclasses 296+, 298+, 301, 305, and
319+ for relatively movable work-gripping clamps, or clamp
and tool, many of which arrangements may constitute, in
effect, offset face tool couples.
347 for cup or shell-drawing apparatus comprising the
combination of annular and circular offset tool faces.
457 for a work-constrainer and/or manipulated work-forcer
device, which may be usable for bending or other offset tool
face operations.
Subclass:
381
Embodying three or more co-acting relatively movable tools
(i.e., tool complex):
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Device which
comprises a first and a second movable tool and a co-acting
tool and means to move or guide said second movable tool into
engagement with work along a different path and/or at a
different time with respect to said first movable tool, in
such manner that all said tools are in simultaneous contact
with the same work at some instant during an operation of the
class type.
(1) Note. This subclass relates to a tool complex*, which is
distinguishable from a tool couple* by the presence and
coaction of a third tool, and is distinguishable from plural
tool couples (subclasses 384, and 404) by the condition that
three or more tools are concurrently in contact with the same
workpiece at some instant during the deforming operation. A
tool-complex generally effect more elaborate or more
extensive deformation than could be accomplished by the
sequential action of plural tool couples.
(2) Note. The "second movable tool" of the above subclass
definition may be (a) a distinct tool element, or (b) a
yieldable or yieldably-mounted portion of the face of the
first-named tool; in either case, the additional tool element
or face portion must have motion relative to the first-named
tool during the deforming operation. (The additional tool
need not act as an offset face tool).
(3) Note. It is possible for a combination to meet the
definition of this subclass even though the movable tools are
located at different tool stations, (as in a progressive
punch press), provided that they concurrently engage
integrally connected portions of the same work material
(e.g., prior to the severance of discrete blanks or products
from a strip).
(4) Note. Many combinations in preceding subclasses
constitute tool complexes; a full search would therefore
include subclasses 67+, Rotating or gyrating tool; 127+,
Deflecting bodily moving work; 184+, Flying tool; 199+,
Rolling; 278+, Wire drawing with plural tools; 293+,
Work-clamp and relatively movable clamp, tool, or work
forcer; and 343+, Closed die apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 127+, 184+, 199+, and 278+ (and particularly subclasses
indented thereunder whose titles indicate the presence of
three or more tools) for a tool complex arrangement is a
specialized environment.
293 particularly 296+ and 309 for tool complex wherein one
or more of the tool elements has the form of a clamp.
348 350+ and 353.2+, for closed-die apparatus involving three
or more relatively movable tools.
393 for three or more relatively receding tools.
394 for three or more relatively movable opposed-face
tools.
Subclass:
382
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Comprising
yieldable tool or face portion: Device wherein the face of
one of said tools is so constructed, mounted, or connected to
an actuating power train, that during a metal-deforming
operation a portion of said face, while in contact with work,
is deflected or bodily displaced with respect to another
portion of said face.
(1) Note. A device of this subclass typically comprises a
tool couple, one element of which has resiliently constructed
or resiliently mounted face portion (i.e., less than the
entire tool face) which yields upon forcible contact with
work during deformation by said face, thus moving with
respect to another face portion of the same tool and so
modifying the effect of a simple tool couple.
(2) Note. A second included type device employs a
"floating", yieldable, or shiftable mandrel, core, or the
like interposed between two portions of work which are acted
upon by a tool couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
396 for a yieldable face portion or auxiliary tool in
opposed-face-complex
465.1 for a flexible or yieldable tool.
Subclass:
383
With concurrent actuation of tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Apparatus
comprising a force-transmitting power train connected to the
moving means of each of the movable tools, effective to drive
said movable tools generally simultaneously during an
operation of the class type.
(1) Note. The movable tools need not be actuated exactly in
synchronism to meet the definition of this subclass; their
cycles of actuation should at least overlap, to distinguish
from the tools of subclass 381, which are sequentially driven
of subclass 381, which are sequentially driven (or are
intended to be manipulated one at a time and left in
work-engaging position). [figure] [figure]
[caption]Offset-face tool-complex concurrently actuated tools
(subclass 383).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
353.2 for concurrently actuated tools in closed die
apparatus.
399 for concurrently actuated tools in opposed-face
relationship.
Subclass:
384
Plural:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Device
comprising additional organized apparatus which is capable of
effecting an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. The additional apparatus may be complete, per se;
or, may be so combined with apparatus of the subclass 380
type as to constitute less than a tool-complex* for
subclasses 381+, e.g., tools carried by the same movable ram
arranged to perform successive operations upon blanks fed
along the bed of a multi-tool station punch press.
(2) Note. Some examples of offset-face tool-couple combined
with other metal-deforming apparatus may be found in
preceding subclass areas devoted to specific types of
deforming.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
404 for a plural-tool-couple*, in general.
Subclass:
385
Multipoint tool couple (e.g., corrugator):
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Device wherein
each of said plurality of relatively movable tools comprises
two or more distinct and spaced work-engaging face portions.
(1) Note. A devise of this subclass type usually impresses
two or more bends or twists in one operation on a workpiece;
some shaft straighteners are included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
412 for metal-deforming apparatus embodying at least one
nonplanar tool face.
474 for a tool couple with nonsymmetrical faces.
Subclass:
386
With tool motion in fixed path:
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Device wherein
the means to move or guide said movable tool is effective to
restrict the motion of said tool to the same path during all
operations of the class type.
(1) Note. A device employing a freely movable sling
suspended and pulled by block and tackle (e.g., for bending a
large pipe) would be excluded from this subclass, for the
actual path of movement of the sling would vary in accordance
with characteristics of the workpiece, pulling force, etc.
(See subclass 380 for a device of this kind).
(2) Note. The accompanying diagram illustrates the
essentials of a device for subclass 386. [figure]
[caption]Offset-face tool-couple (actual tool-faces are
indicated by shading) (subclass 386).
Subclass:
387
Pivotal motion only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Device wherein
said moving or guiding means restrains tool motion to
rotation about a fixed axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
67 for metal-deforming apparatus employing a rotary or
gyratory tool.
216 for metal-deforming apparatus embodying one or more
work-engaging rollers swingable about a fixed pivot.
298 for metal deformation by two work-gripping clamps having
relative pivotal motion.
310 and 319+, for metal deformation by clamp and coacting
tool with relative pivotal motion.
Subclass:
388
Cantilever bender:
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Device wherein
the work- engaging face portion(s) of one relatively movable
tool is disposed at a greater radial distance from said fixed
axis than the work-engaging face portion(s) of the other
tool.
(1) Note. A typical device of this subclass bends the
unsupported projecting end portion of a rod or pipe into
arcuate shape by the travel of a sweep-arm-carried tool along
the outer side of the work, while another portion of the work
is restrained in a groove or socket, or by spaced face
portions, of a fixed tool element.
(2) Note. Similar apparatus may be found in subclasses 319+
where the work is held in a (per se) nondeforming clamp; and
in subclass 310 where the work-clamp is pivoted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
217 for a sweep-arm bender comprising a work-engaging roller
instead of a sliding shoe as the pivoted bending tool.
Subclass:
389.1
Between and co-planar with opposed tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Device
including a first tool and an opposing second tool in which
the first tool has a single tool-face* and the second tool
has two contraposed tool-faces which lie in a plane which is
parallel to the single tool-face, wherein the single
tool-face passes between the contraposed tool faces to deform
a workpiece thereon.
(1) Note. This and the following indented subclasses
comprise the locus for placement of patents to shaft
straighteners which embody an actuated ram, and adjustable
positionable V-blacks or the like on fixed bed.
Subclass:
389.2
For a small radius bend:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
particularly adapted to deform a workpiece such that the
radius of curvature on the inside surface of the workpiece
approaches zero.
Subclass:
389.3
Elongated knife edge die (i.e., press brake):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.2. Device
wherein the single tool face is comprised of an elongated
ridge parallel to the plane of the contraposed tool-faces,
such that, as measured along the ridge the members are much
much longer than wide and cooperate to create a sharp
straight bend in a planar or sheet-like workpiece.
Subclass:
389.4
Adjustable tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.3. Press brake
wherein the single tool-face or the two contraposed tool
faces are specifically designed to be repositioned or
reshaped with respect to their support structure.
Subclass:
389.5
Opposed tools having adjustable crown (i.e., provision for
die crowning):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.4. Press brake
wherein the two contraposed tool faces are reshaped to
compensate for the deflection of the bending mechanism under
the force of the single tool face.
Subclass:
389.6
Fluid pressure actuated (i.e., hydraulically or pneumatically
actuated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including a mechanism driven by a gaseous or liquid medium to
move one of the tools.
Subclass:
389.7
Manually pumped (e.g., by use of a hydraulic jack):
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.6. Device
including a mechanism for transmitting energy to the fluid
pressure actuating device directly from the user.
Subclass:
389.8
Pivotable opposed tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.6. Device
wherein the two contraposed tool-faces turn about an axis as
the workpiece is deformed.
Subclass:
389.9
Rack and pinion actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including a mechanism which converts rotary motion into
linear motion using a gear and toothed bar to move one of the
tools.
Subclass:
390.2
Ratchet actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including a linearly movable rod which is engaged by a one
way locking mechanism and a mechanism which indexably engages
the rod for incremental movement to move one of the tools.
Subclass:
390.3
Cam actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including a contoured surface which moves along another
surface to move one of the tools.
Subclass:
390.4
Linkage actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including two or more pivotally connected members (links) to
move one of the tools.
Subclass:
390.5
Lever actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including an elongated member rotatable about a fulcrum to
move one of the tools.
Subclass:
390.6
Screw actuated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 389.1. Device
including a screw and nut mechanism to move one of the
tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for a screw down device in a roller carrier.
293 for many examples of screw-actuated nondeforming
work-clamps in metal-deforming apparatus.
454 for a screw-actuated tool support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, Work Holders, 240 for a screw-actuated vise jaw.
Subclass:
390.7
Puller:
This subclass is indented under subclass 390.6. Device
wherein the member connected to the single tool-face is under
tension.
Subclass:
391.2
Concentric or telescoped tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 386. Device wherein
the path of motion of said movable tool is a straight line,
and the respective work-engaging surface portions (i.e.,
tool-faces*) of the elements are of substantially annular
shape and are radially offset about a common axis aligned
with said path of motion.
(1) Note. A typical device of this subclass is an upsetter
for hollow rivets, comprising a headed pulling tool
surrounded by a tubular sleeve; a hollow rivet engaged by the
head is upset against an annular anvil surface on the end of
the sleeve.
(2) Note. The subject matter of this subclass differs from
somewhat similar subject matter in subclass 392, in that the
co-acting tool-faces in this subclass (391.2) are radially
offset, i.e., they move in noninterfering paths, while the
stretching tool-faces of subclass 392 move (in opposite
directions) along the same path. (see appended diagram): (A)
Work engaged by radially offset tool-faces (subclasses
391.2+); (B) Work engaged by receding, in-line, tool-faces
(subclass 392). [figure]
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
274 for metal-deforming apparatus comprising a gripper
capable of pulling elongated work through a die orifice.
347 for deep drawing apparatus comprising radially offset
concentric tool faces.
Subclass:
391.4
Tool inside hollow fastener:
This subclass is indented under subclass 391.2. Device
wherein a first tool engages an annular end surface of a
tube-like workpiece, which surface generally faces the
device, which tool includes a passageway coaxial with the
tubular axis of the workpiece, and wherein a second tool
extends through the passageway of the first tool and through
at least a portion of the interior of the tube-like workpiece
and engages the workpiece to deform the workpiece by movement
relative to the first tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 243.518 for metal deforming by a
tool inside a hollow workpiece to effect assembly by overedge
bending wherein two workpieces are engaged (recognized) for
relative movement or relative securement; and subclasses
243.519+ for a device including a tool that engages a tubular
member and a member inside that tubular member to relatively
move the members and effect repositioning and deformation
thereof, particularly subclasses 243.521+ for a driver for a
snap-off-mandrel fastener.
Subclass:
391.6
With fastener loader or supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 391.4. Device
combined with (1) structure to place a new fastener for
engagement by the tools or (2) with means to store plural
fasteners.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 812.5 for a driver for
snap-off-mandrel fastener having a fastener magazine.
Subclass:
391.8
Helically ribbed tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 391.4. Device
wherein the tool passing at least through a portion of the
workpiece is screw threaded along its axis and is intended to
screw fit with a cooperating mating surface of the
workpiece.
(1) Note. The tool of this subclass is brought into
engagement with the workpiece by relative rotation therewith,
however deformation is effected by straight line movement of
the tool with respect to the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114 for similar structure wherein deformation of the
workpiece is effected by the action of the tool while turning
about its axis with respect the workpiece.
Subclass:
392
BY RELATIVELY RECEDING WORK-ENGAGING TOOL FACES (E.G., FOR
STRETCHING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a plurality of distinct tools each having at least
one tool-face* and means to move or to guide the motion of
one of said tools relative to another tool along a
predetermined path in such direction that the distance
between the tool-faces generally increases from an initial
minimum spacing throughout an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. The tools may be pegs or lugs which engage in
apertures in the work or in the interior of ring-shaped or
U-shaped work, and which move apart to stretch the work,
either locally or as a whole, usually involving a major
change of shape of a specific workpiece.
(2) Note. For tools which move generally toward and past
each other without tool-face conflict, while deforming work,
see subclasses 380+, above.
(3) Note. For devices having concentric receding tool faces
which stretch work (such as the mandrel of a "Huck" rivet),
see subclasses 391.2+; these tool faces are radially offset,
rather than directly opposed in the direction of tool motion.
The distinction is illustrated in Figures A and B of the
diagram accompanying subclasses 391.2+.
(4) Note. This subclass includes disclosures of devices,
such as a tire-stretcher, which comprise a split ring and
means to expand it; the effect is substantially that of
distinct receding tool-faces.
Subclass:
393
Embodying three or more tools (e.g., tube expander):
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Device wherein
two or more of said tools are movable with respect to another
said tool.
(1) Note. For example, the device of this subclass may
comprise three or more segmental tools expansible by means of
a central wedge to flare the end portion of a tube or other
hollow work.
(2) Note. A similar arrangement of expansible tools, but
acting within a closed-die, would be placed in subclasses
353.4+ if the outer die structure consisted of spaced tools,
the combination would be placed in subclasses 400+ (opposed
face tool-complex).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58 and 61+, for expansion of hollow work by pressurized
fluent material.
120 for metal deformation by radial outward motion of the
tool elements of a rotating tool assembly.
355.2 for a metal deformation by wedge- actuated,
symmetrically expanding tools within a closed-die.
370.01 for a process of tube reshaping by the use of an
internal tool.
400 for metal-deforming apparatus comprising two or more
radially movable tools with coacting fixed tool, and see (2)
Note, above.
Subclass:
394
BY THREE OR MORE COACTING RELATIVELY MOVABLE TOOLS (I.E.,
TOOL COMPLEX):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a plurality of tools each having a face portion
which is designed and intended to engage work with deforming
force at some time during an operation of the class type, and
means to move or to guide the motion of at least two of said
tools (or distinct face portions of one flexible tool) into
engagement with work along different paths and/or at
different times or with different velocities with respect to
each other and to another such tool, in such manner that all
said tool face portions are in simultaneous contact with the
same work at some instant during said operation.
(1) Note. This subclass relates to a tool-complex*, which is
distinguishable from a plural-tool-couple* by the condition
that, in the operation of the former, all tools are
concurrently in contact with the same workpiece at some
instant during the operations. (See (1) through (4) Notes
under subclass 381, which apply as well to this subclass
394).
(2) Note. The subclasses indented under subclass 394
generally involve concurrently movable tools; devices wherein
tools are successively applied to work, as by a manipulative
routine, are found in this subclass (394).
(3) Note. To complete the field of search for tool-complex*,
see the search notes under subclass 381.
Subclass:
395
With paired coplanar tool faces for stretching flat work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Device wherein
at least two of said relatively movable tools have
substantially flat work-engaging surfaces and said
tool-moving or guiding means is effective to maintain said
surfaces approximately in alignment with each other.
(1) Note. Typical of this subclass is a device having two
pairs of opposed-face tools arranged to pinch work
therebetween usually with an impact blow, and to thereupon
move toward or away from each other while holding work, to
impart upsetting or stretching force to the region of work
between the pinched portions. See accompanying diagram.
[figure] [caption]Tool-complex with paired, coplanar
tool-faces, arranged to upset flat work (subclass 395).
(2) Note. The tools generally have a hammering or peening
effect which distinguishes them from the nondeforming work
clamps of subclasses 293+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
302 for means or method of deforming metal by utilizing
spaced, relatively movable work-gripping clamps arranged to
upset or to stretch intervening portions of work.
392 for apparatus comprising directly receding tool-faces
for stretching work.
396 and 399+, for similar apparatus not restricted to
coplanar paired tool-faces.
Subclass:
396
Yieldable face portion or auxiliary tool on tool couple
element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Device wherein
said movable work-engaging face portions are constituted by
relatively distortable or displaceable parts of the
work-engaging surface portion of one of said tools, or by a
distinct relatively displaceable work-engaging member carrier
by or associated with one of said tools, such that during an
operation of the class type said relatively distortable or
displaceable part or member, while in engagement with work,
is distorted or bodily displaced with respect to its
associated tool.
(1) Note. A device of this subclass typically comprises an
opposed-face tool couple wherein one or both of the tools
carriers a resilient mounted auxiliary tool, or has a
differentially yieldable (e.g., elastic) face portion, thus
modifying the effect obtainable with a simple tool couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
382 for metal-deforming apparatus comprising a yieldable
tool or face-portion on a tool element of an
offset-tool-couple.
Subclass:
397
On actuated tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Device wherein
said relatively distortable or displaceable part or said
distinct member is attached to or mounted on a driven element
of a tool couple.
(1) Note. The yieldable tool or face portion is thus driven
by or with the active tool of a tool couple (see Figure B of
the diagram accompanying subclass 398).
(2) Note. For an indirectly driven tool (i.e., moved against
work by force derived from another portion of the work), see
the floating mandrel combination in subclass 398, below. A
floating mandrel is an active tool, although indirectly
driven. Compare the passive indirectly driven tools of
subclass 396 above.
(3) Note. The yieldable tool or member may constitute a
"blank-holder" for frictionally restraining movement of work
during deformation by a tool couple. Any disclosure of work
slippage or flow relative to a blank-holder or restraining
element bars the combination from placement in the
nondeforming work-gripping clamp area, see subclasses 293+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for a positively gripping, nondeforming clamp element
associated with a driven tool.
350 for a yieldable blank-holder associated with a cup- or
shell-drawing device.
465.1 for flexible or yieldable tool structure
Subclass:
398
Movable toward and against portion of work (e.g., floating
mandrel):
This subclass is indented under subclass 396. Device wherein
said relatively distortable or displaceable part or said
distinct member is disposed and arranged to be driven into
deforming contact with work by the reaction force derived
from the displacement of another portion of work undergoing
deformation.
(1) Note. The yieldable tool in this subclass is thus both
in active and a passive tool; it takes reaction force from a
portion of work and transfers it to another portion of work.
(2) Note. Typical of this subclass is a "floating mandrel"
which lies within hollow work while the latter is being
subjected to external hammering or pressing treatment by an
opposed-face tool couple. The mandrel may serve merely to
maintain the interior dimension of the work or it may permit
and limit a redimensioning of the interior. (See Figure A of
the appended diagram). Examples of tool complex devices: A.
Floating mandrel (subclass 398); B. Yieldable auxiliary tool
(T3) on actuated tool (T1) (subclass 397). [figure] [figure]
(3) Note. This subclass also accommodates the combination of
one or more tools (dies or mere platens) interposed between
successive layers of stacked workpieces in a press.
Subclass:
399
Concurrently actuated tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Device
comprising means so interconnecting the tool-moving or
-guiding means as to cause or assure simultaneous movement of
the movable tools.
(1) Note. The tools are not required to be moved in exact
synchronism to meet the definition of this subclass; but
their cycles of motion must overlap, to distinguish from the
sequentially driven or manipulated tools of subclass 403.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
75 76, 88+, and 119, for metal deformation by concurrently
actuated rotating or gyrating tools.
187 for metal deformation by concurrent actuation of
"flying" tools.
199 for a closed-die tool-complex with concurrently actuated
tools.
353.2 for a closed-die tool-complex with concurrently
actuated tools.
383 for concurrently actuated tools in an offset-face
tool-complex.
393 for concurrently actuated receding tools (e.g., for
stretching or flaring work).
Subclass:
400
With co-acting fixed tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Device
comprising a passive (i.e., nondriven) work-engaging tool
designed and intended to oppose displacement of work which is
subjected to deforming force by said movable tools.
(1) Note. The fixed tool may be, for example, a rigid
mandrel for supporting the end of a pipe being swaged between
opposing hammers. For a yieldable mounted mandrel see
subclass 398 above. For an anvil with a yieldable portion see
subclass 396.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses are not limited to
devices for treating hollow work; the fixed tool may be, for
example, a forming block against which a bar or sheet is
forged or bent by two or more concurrently actuated tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
398 for a loose or yieldably-mounted mandrel between the
tools or an opposed-face tool couple.
Subclass:
401
Between generally opposed stroke tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Device wherein
two or more of said movable tools are arranged to approach
said passive tool simultaneously from substantially opposite
directions.
(1) Note. The term "substantially opposite directions" is
intended to include directions which afford cancellation or
balancing out of much of their resultant forces on the work
and the fixed tool.
Evidence of this effect may be found in disclosure of
light-weight construction, ease of holding the work, rapidity
of operation, etc.
Subclass:
402
All tools moveable radially inward:
This subclass is indented under subclass 399. Device
comprising means to guide all the actuated tools for motion
in the direction of a common point of convergence while said
tools are deforming work.
(1) Note. A typical device for this subclass is a rod or
tube swagger with multiple hammers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
76 for a multiple-hammer swaging device with rotatable work
or tool assembly.
121 for a metal-deforming device having rotation and
radially inwardly moving tools.
404 for a swaging device having sequentially actuated
tool-couples.
408 for a swaging device having only two opposed hammers.
Subclass:
403
With means to actuate tools in sequence:
This subclass is indented under subclass 394. Device, not
provided for in preceding subclasses, comprising
force-transmitting drive trains for the two or more movable
tools, said drive trains being so interrelated that one tool
after another is forcibly driven into engagement with work
and caused or permitted to remain in such engagement during
an operation of the class type.
(1) Note. A device in which tools are to be successively
applied to work by an operative following a manipulative
routine may be found in subclass 394. For subclass 403,
interrelated tool drive means is required. An interlock
device for releasing tools only in a predetermined sequence
would be regarded as constituting such interrelationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
404 for plural tool-couples, actuated and retracted in
sequence.
Subclass:
404
BY PLURAL TOOL COUPLES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus, not provided for in a preceding subclass, and
comprising two or more tool-couples.
(1) Note. The apparatus may constitute plural devices, each
of which is complete, per se, (e.g., two machines side by
side or in tandem), or the devices may have parts in common
(e.g., the arrangement of two hammers alternately engaging
work lying on an anvil), but in any case the combination
should fall short of constituting a tool-complex* for
subclasses 381 and 394.
(2) Note. A patent to a multi-tool station or progressive
punch press may be placeable as an original copy in this
subclass, whether it treats discrete blanks or a continuous
strip of stock material. If integral work material extends
under a plurality of tools which do not have identical
motions but which engage the material simultaneously, the
combination may be placeable as a tool-complex* in the above
noted subclasses.
(3) Note. This is the residual locus for the combination of
two or more metal-deforming devices. To complete the search
on such combinations, see all preceding subclasses which
refer to plural operations or to different types of metal
deformation; in the preceding subclasses, one operation or
type of apparatus will be of a specified description (e.g.,
subclass 348, cup or shell drawing with additional metal
deformation).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for the combination of rotating or gyrating tool
apparatus with other metal-deforming apparatus.
130 137, 152, 161, 168, and 177, for a combined operation
including metal deformation by deflecting bodily moving
work.
187 221, 256, 278+, 306+, 348+, 356, and 384, for a combined
operation including one specified type. (See (3) Note
Above.)
Subclass:
405.01
With means to feed work between plural tool stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Device
including a first tool-couple* for deforming work, including
a second tool-couple for subsequently deforming the same
work, wherein the first and second tool-couples are located
in spaced relationship, combined with an actuatable
instrumentality for advancing work away from the region of
effectiveness of the first tool-couple and into the region of
effectiveness of the second tool-couple.
(1) Note. See section VII, A of this class for search
references to other classes involving material handling.
(2) Note. See the search notes under subclass 404 above for
combinations of metal-deforming apparatus which are likely to
include work feeding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324 for metal deforming combined with cutting and with a
means to advance the work from one operation to the other.
419 for a metal deforming means combined with means to
handle work or product, generally.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
901, Robots, subcollection 6+ for a robot for feeding work
between plural tool stations.
Subclass:
405.02
Belt or chain work carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work between tool-couples
comprises either a flexible elongated strap or a series of
links journaled to one another.
Subclass:
405.03
Rotary work carrier (e.g. Turret):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work includes an angularly
displacable member which moves the work between angularly
spaced tool-couples.
Subclass:
405.04
Threaded rod work carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work includes a helically
grooved shaft which draws the work or work holder between the
tool-couples.
Subclass:
405.05
Sliding table work carrier:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work includes a work supporting
platform which glides between the tool-couples.
Subclass:
405.06
Continuous stock feed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work between tool-couples
consists of means for advancing long work without engaging
more than one end of the work.
Subclass:
405.07
Work pushed between tool stations:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work between tool-couples
includes a mechanism to shove the work from tool-couple to
another.
Subclass:
405.08
Including means to store work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
wherein the means to advance work between tool couples
includes structure for retaining the work for an indefinite
period of time.
Subclass:
405.09
Work grasping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.01. Device
including a mechanism which physically grips the work.
Subclass:
405.1
Suction device (e.g., suction cup):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.09. Device
including structure to apply a vacuum to grip the work.
Subclass:
405.11
Reciprocating work feeder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.09. Device
wherein the means to advance work between tool couples moves
back and forth between the tool couples.
Subclass:
405.12
Having work grasping jaws:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.11. Device
including a pair of angularly movable pincers which grip the
work.
Subclass:
405.13
Adapted to grasp work laterally (e.g., by gripper rail or
transfer fingers):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.11. Device
including means to grip the work perpendicularly to the
direction of the work feed.
Subclass:
405.14
Telescoping work gripper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.13. Device
including a work gripper intended to move in and out of an
internal passage.
Subclass:
405.15
Rotational movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.13. Device
wherein the work gripper has an component of angular motion.
Subclass:
405.16
Lifting movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405.13. Device
wherein the work gripper is moved to lift the work against
the force of gravity.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents to a device for
applying a clip to the snout of a swine regardless of the
clip structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 700 for means to assemble or disassemble
work pieces together which recognize more than one work
piece.
81, Tools, 300 for plier type tools, generally.
Subclass:
406
WITH MEANS TO EFFECT COMPOUND MOTION OF TOOL (E.G.,
ROCKING):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising means to move or guide a tool* in a generally
tortuous path (i.e., neither wholly rectilinear nor wholly
rotary about a fixed point) during a deforming operation.
(1) Note. This subclass is the residual locus of any
metal-deforming device or portion thereof, not provided for
in preceding subclasses, which comprises a tool guided or
driven toward its effective position in a nonsimple path;
such path may be, for example, a succession of broken line
segments or a smooth (but nonarcurate) curve such as a spiral
or an ellipse.
(2) Note. For placement in this subclass, the device must
comprise means to cause the tool to depart from simple
rectilinear or circular motion; e.g., if the tool is merely
deflected from an otherwise simple path by the resistance of
work, whether this be an intended or unintended condition of
operation, the combination does not meet the terms of the
subclass definition.
(3) Note. This subclass accommodates a "rolling form" which
picks up and bends or curls work as it travels thereover; the
motion of the effective tool-face* is cycloidal, and the
operation does not constitute "rolling" for subclass 199,
because the tool-face remains in contact with the deformed
work (see ROLLER* in the Glossary of this class).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
293 for relatively movable work-clamp and tool.
353.2 381+, 393, and 394+, for a tool-complex* which may
involve nonsimple tool motion.
429 for means to drive a metal-deforming tool, in general.
Subclass:
407
WITH MEANS TO ACTUATE BOTH ELEMENTS OF TOOL COUPLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising two coacting tools* and power-transmitting linkage
which is effective to move said tools in the performance of a
deforming operation.
(1) Note. The tool-couple found in this and indented
subclasses is generally of the opposed-face type. Subclass
407 contains, for example, disclosures of fluid-pressure
actuated riveting machines; and subclasses 409.01+ contain
plier-type devices.
(2) Note. Many examples of a metal- deforming tool-couple
with both tools actuated, will be found in preceding
subclasses directed to specific types of apparatus.
Subclass:
408
By continuously rotating shaft:
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Device
comprising a powered rotary element (e.g., a motor shaft),
and means for connecting said power-transmitting linkage to
said rotary element to actuate said tool-couple, without
halting the motion of said rotary element.
Subclass:
409.01
Handle actuated (e.g., plier type, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter
comprising a graspable member mechanically coupled to said
power transmitting linkage and adapted to transmit manual
energy exerted by an operative to said tools.
(1) Note. This is the residual locus for metal deforming
devices of the handle actuated plier type. Similarly actuated
devices may be found in preceding subclasses providing for
the specific type of operation performed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 700 for means to assemble or disassemble
work pieces together which recognize more than one work
piece.
81, Tools, 300 for plier type tools, generally.
Subclass:
409.02
Hog ringer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Apparatus
having structure adapted to deform the end portions of a
relatively thick clip (e.g., a staple, etc.) toward each
other.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents to a device for
applying a clip to the snout of a swine regardless of the
clip structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
409.05 for a surgical clip applier intended to piercingly
secure together adjacent edges of living tissue.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
53, Package Making, 138.2 for clip or staple appliers
intended to close a package.
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, 175 for surgical
stapling apparatus having an anvil into which a staple is
driven and thereby deformed.
606, Surgery, subclass 117 for a device to apply an
identification tag directly to an animal and subclasses 142+
for a clip applier for application of a clip to tissue
wherein the clip being applied does not pierce the tissue.
Subclass:
409.03
With supply:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.02. Subject
matter including means to store plural clips.
Subclass:
409.04
With work supply or feed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter including means to store a plurality of work or means
to advance the work from a storage position to a position
where the work can be deformed by said tools.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
409.15 for apparatus for applying a plurality of belt
fastening clips substantially simultaneously.
Subclass:
409.05
Surgical clip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.04. Subject
matter wherein the work is intended to piercingly retain
plural edges of animal tissue in abutting relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
409.02 for apparatus to deform a clip through the snout of a
swine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
227, Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, 175 for surgical
stapling apparatus having an anvil into which a staple is
driven and thereby deformed.
606, Surgery, subclass 117 for means to apply a marking clip
to an animal which does not pierce the tissue and subclasses
142+ for surgical clip appliers for clips which do not pierce
the tissue.
Subclass:
409.06
Electrical connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.04. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises structure for conducting
electrical current and which is crimpable onto a wire capable
of conducting electrical current.
Subclass:
409.07
Multiple stroke actuator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter having means for progressively operating said tools in
response to plural manipulative cycles of the graspable
member by the operative.
Subclass:
409.08
Tool having constant angular orientation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein said tools are relatively translatable with
respect to each other in fixed alignment.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass the patent
must disclose tools which do not rotate with respect to each
other.
Subclass:
409.09
Including cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.08. Subject
matter wherein said power transmitting linkage includes a
member having a profiled surface (i.e., a cam) adapted for
sliding or rolling contact with a follower member along said
surface so as to relatively displace said follower member in
a direction generally normal to said surface.
Subclass:
409.1
Including cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein said power transmitting linkage includes a
member having a profiled surface (i.e., a cam) adapted for
sliding or rolling contact with a follower member along said
surface so as to relatively displace said follower member in
a direction generally normal to said surface.
Subclass:
409.11
Plural tools pivotal with respect to plural handles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter including two graspable members and wherein each of
said tools is angularly movable with respect to each
graspable member through an articulatable linkage.
Subclass:
409.12
Toggle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein said power transmitting linkage includes two
elongate members and a pivotal joint connecting said elongate
members together such that a force applied to said joint is
converted to a force tending to change the angle of
separation of said elongate members.
(1) Note. As the angle of separation of the members moves
toward 180 degrees the overall dimension of the linkage
approaches a maximum. As the angle of separation between said
members increases past 180 degrees the linkage is referred to
as "locked".
Subclass:
409.13
Including distinct work retaining or positioning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter including means separate from said tools for
supporting or spatially orienting the work with respect to
said tools.
Subclass:
409.14
Electrical connector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.13. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises structure for conducting
electrical current and which is crimpable onto a wire capable
of conducting electrical current.
Subclass:
409.15
Belt clip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.13. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises a plurality of fasteners
arranged for piercingly attaching two longitudinal ends of a
substantially flat flexible elongate member together to form
an endless loop.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., 31 for belt fasteners,
per se.
474, Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems and Components,
for endless belts, per se.
Subclass:
409.16
Including selectable or replaceable tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter including a plurality of said coacting tools
alternatively choosable by an operative or means providing
for the substitution of one of said tools for another.
(1) Note. A device having an inherently replaceable tool
without specific disclosure to a replaceable tool function is
insufficient for classification in this subclass.
Subclass:
409.17
Spreader:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein said power transmitting linkage is configured
to separate the tools with the energy applied by the
operative.
(1) Note. Many handle operated devices may inherently be
used to separate tools under force. For classification in
this subclass the device must separate the tools using the
energy of the operative as its normal disclosed function.
Subclass:
409.18
Flanger or beader:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein said tools are configured to create a lip in
the work or to interlock plural edges of one or more articles
of work together.
Subclass:
409.19
Work comprises tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 409.01. Subject
matter wherein the work comprises a hollow elongate
cylinder.
Subclass:
411
BY RELATIVELY MOVABLE TOOLS HAVING SLIDABLY ENGAGED
WORK-CONFINING WALL MEANS (E.G., EDGEWISE SHEET METAL
BENDER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising means to move or guide one tool* with respect to
another tool in a generally predetermined path, each said
tool comprising a surface or wall portion extending forwardly
of the tool-face* and in substantial alignment with the
direction of relative motion between said tools, which
surfaces or wall portions on coacting tools are laterally
offset to accommodate work therebetween, and are each
arranged to overlap and engage a lateral surface on the
coacting tool during the approach of said tools for a
deforming operation.
(1) Note. A device of this type is frequently employed to
perform a bending operation on sheet or thin plate material
in the plane of this width, the added wall means on the dies
serving to inhibit crumpling or buckling of the thin
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57 127+ and 359, for some examples of work confined but not
deformed between slidably-engaged wall portions on tools
while being deformed by the tool-faces.
701 for distortion preventing means which may comprise
laterally spaced walls on tools.
Subclass:
412
BY TOOL COUPLE EMBODYING NONPLANAR TOOL FACE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
comprising a tool-couple* and means to drive or guide one
element of said couple in a predetermined path relative to
the other element of said tool-couple to effect an operation
of the class type, the tool-face* of at least one such
element having a portion of three-dimensional configuration
(e.g., grooved, concave, etc.).
(1) Note. Flat-face tool couples are excluded from this
subclass because their functions are varied and
nonspecialized. Devices of the patents in this subclass are
usually special-purpose machines (e.g., for die forging, for
embossing sheet metal, for bending, etc.).
(2) Note. Metal-deforming apparatus comprising relatively
movable tools of specified shape, if not provided for in a
preceding subclass, is generally placeable in the subclass or
one of its indented subclasses; the tool-couple, per se, is
classified in subclasses 470+ and a single tool element in
subclasses 462+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
470 for a tool-couple, per se.
Subclass:
413
With adjustable or replaceable section of tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Device
comprising structure which is designed and intended to
facilitate alteration in size, shape, or position of one
portion of the tool-face with respect to another portion
thereof, or to facilitate removal of a tool-face portion and
substitution of another.
(1) Note. If a portion of a tool-face should yield or shift
significantly during the deforming operation, the combination
would constitute a tool-complex* for placement in subclasses
394+ above.
(2) Note. This subclass does not relate to adjustable or
removable mounting means for an entire tool as a unit, for
which search subclasses 462+ and appropriate subclasses
directed to specified operations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 140, 157+, 173+, 195, 219, 238+, 260, and 276, for an
adjustable or replaceable tool-face or section thereof in
various specified metal-deforming devices.
353.2 382 and 396+, for a yieldable face-portion of a tool.
465.1 for a flexible or yieldable tool or support.
478 for a tool having an adjustable or replaceable section.
481.1 for a holder for adjustable or removable tool-face.
Subclass:
414
With complementary tool faces (e.g., for embossing):
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Device wherein
said tool-faces* have substantially equal areas and similar,
but reversed, shapes or contours whereby they would be
capable of substantially full surface contact (with allowance
for the presence of uniform-thickness work therebetween), and
including tool-faces which are complemental except for
localized work-shape-conforming recesses or projections which
have no disclosed deforming function.
(1) Note. Mating tool faces are regarded as complementary
for this subclass even though one or both faces have recesses
to receive projections on work, such as rivet heads or ribs,
providing there is no deformation of work in these recesses.
(2) Note. The presence of mere work- positioning ribs,
ledges, etc., on otherwise complementary tool-faces does not
bar placement in this subclass.
(3) Note. Grooved pipe-bending dies, for example, are
excluded from this subclass for it is evident that
deformation takes place in the grooves (the work does not
initially fit exactly in the grooves), and the grooves are
not complementary.
(4) Note. A small tool-face may be complementary to an
opposed portion of a large tool, anvil, etc., but the
combination is barred from this subclass because of their
dissimilar areas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343 for closed-die tool couple which may exhibit
complementary faces.
394 for opposed-face tool-complex which may exhibit
complementary, sectional, tool-faces.
475 for a tool-couple with complementary faces.
Subclass:
415
Constant profile (e.g., cylindrical segments):
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Device wherein
cross sections through the mating tool surfaces, taken in
planes parallel to any given reference plane intersecting the
surfaces, show identical contours.
(1) Note. The tool face in this subclass have "singly
curved" surfaces; they may comprise flat sections, dihedral
angles, arcuate, or gee sections, etc., all aligned in the
same direction. Such tools effect "simple" angular or contour
bending, i.e., without bulging, dishing, or warping of the
work surface (see appended diagram).
[figure] [caption]Product of a tool-couple having
complementary faces of constant profile (subclass 415)
(2) Note. Work-shape-conforming recesses may be present in
the tool faces,
with the same restrictions as expressed in the definition and
notes of subclass 414.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
319 for the combination of a nondeforming work-clamp having
a die surface extension, and a pivoted tool with
complementary die face of constant profile.
379.2 for a process of deforming sheet material which may
employ complementary die faces of constant profile.
Subclass:
416
Similar tool faces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Device wherein
the tool-faces* have substantially identical shapes.
Subclass:
417
INCLUDING INTERRELATED TOOL MOVER AND BLANK HOLDER MOVER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device
including means to move and/or guide two or more relatively
movable elements, a portion of the driving and/or guiding
means of one movable element having a common connection with
the driving and/or guiding means of another one of the
movable elements, at least one of said elements being
designed and intended to carry a work-engaging
instrumentality which (when coupled with an opposing, but not
claimed, instrumentality) will hold a portion of the work*
during deformation thereof.
(1) Note. The "movable elements", as used in the above
definition, are frequently denoted as "slides" in patent
disclosures.
(2) Note. See the numerous subclass titles, in the schedule
of this class, for expression such as: "clamps(s),
"tool-complex", "frictional restraining force", "gripper(s)",
"interrelated clamp and tool-mover", "means to hold", and
"work-gripping", indicating subclasses which include
interrelated relatively movable elements that operate in a
manner similar to the device defined in this subclass.
Subclass:
418
INCLUDING TOOL MEANS TO MOVE WORK TO OR AGAINST COOPERATING
TOOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with at least two tools acting together to
deform work positioned therebetween, wherein one of the tools
engages and impels the work bodily through space toward the
other tool before the deformation occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 566 for disclosure of similar structure wherein
the tool is a cutter.
Subclass:
419
WITH MEANS TO HANDLING WORK OR PRODUCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for moving or guiding or
affecting the motion of work or product*.
(1) Note. Various subclasses exist throughout the schedule
of this class (72) to provide for a disclosure of a
particular type of deformer and a work-handler or
product-handler for use with that deformer. The subclass
titles will indicate such disclosed subject matter.
(2) Note. For the lines between this subclass (and those
indented hereunder) and classes relating to work handling,
see section VII, A of this class.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, for
conveyors, per se.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, for conveyors, per se.
221, Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, per se.
414, Material or Article Handling, for handling, per se.
Subclass:
420
Including means to permit maneuvering of work or product at
tool zone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
provided with means for enabling or facilitating the movement
of work that is to be deformed or that is undergoing
deformation, said movement being limited to the environment
of the machine area in which deformation occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 249 and 445 for disclosure of similar
structure in a cutting machine.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 339.1 for a conveyor having
means for orienting the conveyed load at a work station; and
subclasses 373+ for a conveyor having means for changing the
attitude of the conveyed load relative to the conveying
direction.
901, Robots, subcollection 6+ for a robot maneuvering work or
a product at a tool zone.
Subclass:
421
With means to interrelate movement of tool and of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Apparatus
wherein the tool is moved during deformation, which apparatus
is provided with means ensuring that tool movements and work
movements are synchronized or interdependent.
(1) Note. In the disclosures of this subclass, a work-moving
mechanism is driven by that power source which drives the
tool-moving mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 353 for a press not provided for
elsewhere having an interrelated
Subclass:
422
By gripper and/or endless chain:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
including either a work-gripping clamp or a band that moves
in a closed loop about a plurality of separated noncoaxial
pulleys or sprockets.
(1) Note. The phrase "work-gripping clamp" is defined in the
definition and notes of subclass 293.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclasses 151-155 for similar means for
handling the product of a cutting operation.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 468.2, 470.1+ 803.3+, and
803.8+ for a conveyor having load-gripping members, and
appropriate subclasses for endless belt conveyors.
901, Robots, subcollection 31+ for a gripping device located
on a robot.
Subclass:
423
With drum carrier for gripper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Apparatus
wherein the work-gripping clamp is mounted on a generally
cylindrical rotating member.
Subclass:
424
With means to store workpieces (e.g., magazine):
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
further provided with a receptacle that holds a supply of
discrete articles of work to be deformed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 311, 359+, and 523+
for a power-driven conveyor combined with a hopper or chute.
Subclass:
425
Including variable speed means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
having means for changing the rate of movement of the work or
the product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
279 for disclosure of variable speed feed means and closed
dies.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 577 for
variable-speed conveyor drives.
Subclass:
426
Including product handling means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
wherein the product* is moved or guided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 169 and 257, for disclosure of a deformer and a
product-handler for that deformer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 78 for product-handling means in a cutting
machine.
Subclass:
427
Ejector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 426. Apparatus
comprising an element having a surface that is movable from a
zone within the confines of a tool to a zone outside of the
confines of said tool, whereby movement of the element
positively displaces product from the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 123 for disclosure of an ejector within a
cutting tool.
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, 476.1 and 574 for a conveyor
having a load ejector.
Subclass:
428
Including work guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Apparatus
wherein the handling is accomplished by passive means
operating to define or limit the path of movement of moving
work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
230 for disclosure of a "loop-return" guide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 599 and 633+ for
passive means moving a load relative to a conveyor; and
subclass 836.1 for a guide rail or other means retaining a
load on an endless belt.
Subclass:
429
WITH MEANS TO DRIVE TOOL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means to move a movable tool toward
work, or toward a cooperating tool, while deformation occurs
as disclosed.
(1) Note. For original placement of patents into this or
indented subclasses, the following criteria should be
applied: (a) "Drive" is tool movement toward the work for
deformation of the work; (b) "Retraction" (i.e., tool
movement away from the work) and other tool movements (e.g.,
to adjust the tool position relative to the work or another
tool) are provided for only if tool drive is also claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
437 and 445, for disclosure of particular tool-retracting
means combined with tool-drive means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 523, for disclosure of means to drive a cutter,
which means may be similar to means in this class (72) to
drive a deformer.
Subclass:
430
Including magnet, solenoid, or explosive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool moving means includes (a) a body capable of
attracting ferrous material, or (b) a charge of chemically
reactive material that rapidly expands upon actuation.
(1) Note. This subclass is not the locus of patents
disclosing an electric motor (i.e., a stationary part and a
continuously rotating part, the rotation occurring as the
result of passing a current of electricity through one or
both of the parts), which motor is the drive means for the
tool. This type of disclosure of a tool and an electric motor
to drive the tool is located in other subclasses on the basis
of the tool and its movement.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 575 for disclosure of magnet or solenoid
actuated cutting tool; and subclass 639.4 for
explosive-actuated cutting tool.
Subclass:
431
Including yieldable connection in drive train to movable
tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool moving means includes mechanism for
transmitting motion from a driving member to the tool, and
said mechanism permits motion of the driving member (in a
direction tending to urge the tool toward the work) even
though motion of the tool has stopped.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is
disclosure of a shock-absorber within the motion-transmitting
mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 543 for disclosure of yieldable
connection to drive a cutting tool.
Subclass:
432
Including pneumatic or hydraulic connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus
wherein the motion-transmitting mechanism includes a gaseous
and/or fluid medium.
(1) Note. A fluid medium, per se, is not necessarily
yieldable or compressible. Therefore, a system comprising a
generator of fluid pressure and a tool- moving motor using
that pressure (the system having no pressure-relief device)
is normally to be found in subclass 453.1.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
453.1 and see (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 639.1 for disclosure of fluid-pressure-actuated
cutting tool.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting, for disclosure of other
hydraulic tool-drive means of general application.
Subclass:
433
Including metallic spring connection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Apparatus
wherein the motion-transmitting mechanism includes an elastic
body made of metal*.
Subclass:
434
Coil spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Apparatus
wherein the elastic body is in the form of a helical coil*.
Subclass:
435
Mechanical potential energy drive means only:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool-moving means includes mechanism for
converting latent power into developed power to drive the
tool.
(1) Note. Potential-energy resulting from gravitational
attraction is the usual source of energy, but a spring
interconnecting a tool with a tool-housing is also a source
of energy in some disclosures of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 582 for disclosure of constantly urged means
for driving a cutting tool.
Subclass:
436
With means to check energy for subsequent release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus
provided with means for maintaining the power in a latent
condition, which means may be made temporarily inoperative,
thereby liberating the latent power.
(1) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing a
drop-hammer or trip-hammer wherein the drive means is held in
a cocked position (i.e., energy is stored therein) until an
operative triggers release of the energy.
Subclass:
437
Wherein energy is stored by retraction of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Apparatus
wherein latent power is generated by moving the tool away
from the work or away from a cooperating tool.
Subclass:
438
With means to control force of blow:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus
provided with means for regulating or adjusting the power
(either latent or developed) available for deformation.
(1) Note. Examples of disclosures include a spring-urged
tool wherein the spring compression may be varied, a
drop-hammer wherein the lift of the tool may be varied, and a
lever-urged tool wherein the mechanical advantage of the
lever may be varied.
Subclass:
439
Wherein tool is retracted by pinch rolls acting on
rectilinearly moving tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus
wherein the tool* retracting means includes an elongated
member located between two counter-rotating rollers that
engage the member.
(1) Note. In use, the rollers are rotated so that their
surface tangent to the member travel in a direction to
retract the tool and pressure is exerted on the rollers
tending to grip the member. The member, and the tool carried
thereby, is lifted until the pressure is released, permitting
the tool to drop.
Subclass:
440
Wherein tool is retracted by flexible strap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus
wherein the tool retracting means is a pliant belt fastened
at one end to the tool and at the other end to a device
(e.g., crank, disk or the like) that moves cyclically.
(1) Note. In use, as the device moves through part of its
cyclic movement it lifts the tool and during the remainder of
the movement of the device the tool is free to drop.
Subclass:
441
With means to selectably control movement of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
provided with means for regulating or adjusting the rate or
length of travel of a tool, or for permitting a tool to move
or be stationary, said means acting only at the option of an
operative.
(1) Note. Examples of disclosures included in this and
indented subclasses are (a) means for starting a tool in its
driving movement, (b) means for varying the speed or length
of stroke of a tool, and (c) means for driving any of a
plurality of tools by one or a plurality of drive means.
Subclass:
442
By drive means common to optionally selectable tools:
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus
including a plurality of tools* and a single tool-moving
means alternatively connected to one of said tools.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 549 for disclosure of plural cutting tool
selectably engageable with single drive; and subclasses 618+
for disclosure of plural cutting tools with same drive
means.
Subclass:
443
To control speed of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus
wherein the operative causes regulation of the rate of travel
of the tool.
Subclass:
444
By means to connect and/or disconnect tool from its drive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus
provided with a tool-moving means and a power source
therefor, wherein the means can be joined to its power source
or be separated therefrom while the tool is stationary, at
the choice of the operative.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 571 for disclosure of similar structure for
driving a cutting tool.
Subclass:
445
With stored energy means to retract tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
provided with means (additional to the tool-driver) for
developing and accumulating latent power, which power moves
the tool away from the work or away from a cooperating tool.
(1) Note. In the disclosures of this subclass the energy is
usually stored by or during movement of the tool toward the
work, but the subclass is also intended as a locus of
disclosures wherein energy is stored (e.g., a spring is
cocked) by an operative or a motor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
435 for disclosure of potential-energy means for driving a
tool.
Subclass:
446
With means to permit tool positioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
provided with means for changing, or facilitating the
changing of, the location of a tool relative to the work or a
cooperating tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 559 and 561+ for disclosure of structure for
positioning a cutting tool or tools.
483, Tool Changing, 28 for a reciprocating tool machine tool
combined with a tool transfer means.
Subclass:
447
To reposition line-of-action of tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus
wherein the movable tool moves toward the work along a
particular direction or course, of tool movement and wherein
said means changes, or permits change in, the direction or
course of tool movement.
(1) Note. Most patents in this subclass disclose tool
repositioning at right angles to the direction of tool
movement.
Subclass:
448
To position stationary tool of tool pair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Apparatus
wherein the movable tool cooperates with a second relatively
immovable tool, and wherein said means changes the location
of said second tool relative to the work or the movable
tool.
Subclass:
449
Including gear-actuated tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool is moved by a gear that is directly
connected to the tool or to an element that carries the tool
and partakes of all its movements.
(1) Note. The word "gear" is defined in the definition of
Class 74, subclass 640 and is used herein to describe the
same structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 603 and 629 for a disclosure of
gear-actuated cutting tool.
Subclass:
450
Including link-actuated tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool is moved by a pitman that is pivoted to a
tool or to an element that carries the tool and partakes of
all its movements.
Subclass:
451
Toggle links:
This subclass is indented under subclass 450. Apparatus
wherein the pitman is part of toggle joint.
(1) Note. The phrase "toggle joint" is defined in the
definition of subclass 300 of Class 81, and is used herein to
describe the same structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 604 and 630 for disclosure of
toggle-link-actuated cutting tool.
Subclass:
452.1
Including cam-actuated support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool is moved by a cam engaging the tool or an
element that carries the tool and partakes of all its
movement.
(1) Note. The word "cam" is defined in the definition of
Class 74, subclass 567 and is used herein to describe the
same structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 602 and 628, for disclosure of
cam-actuated cutting tool.
Subclass:
452.2
Pivotal cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.1. Apparatus
wherein the cam is journaled to move angularly about an axis
of rotation.
Subclass:
452.3
Internal cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.2. Apparatus
wherein the cam includes radially inwardly facing camming
surface.
Subclass:
452.4
Rotary cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.2. Apparatus
wherein the cam continuously rotates about the axis of
rotation.
Subclass:
452.5
Eccentric circle (e.g., crank):
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.4. Apparatus
wherein the camming surface is spaced equidistant from the
cam's central axis and the axis of rotation is offset from
the cam's central axis.
Subclass:
452.6
Radial cam face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.4. Apparatus
wherein the camming surface is oriented perpendicular to the
axis of rotation.
Subclass:
452.7
Axial cam face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.4. Apparatus
wherein the camming surface is oriented parallel to the axis
of rotation.
Subclass:
452.8
Linear cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.1. Apparatus
wherein the cam moves along a straight path.
Subclass:
452.9
Inclined cam (e.g., inclined plane):
This subclass is indented under subclass 452.8. Apparatus
wherein the camming surface oriented at a constant angle to
the line or plane of the actuating movement.
Subclass:
453.01
Including pneumatic- or fluid-actuated tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
including means to force the tool (or an element that carries
the tool and partakes of all its movement) to move toward the
work and perform a desired deforming operation by use of a
fluent of liquid medium under pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for a pressurized-fluid means engaging and deforming
work.
432 for fluid means in a yieldable connection.
481.2 for a pneumatic- or fluid- actuated means to
reposition or retain a tool face with respect to the tool
support or holder.
481.3 for a threaded means to move or hold a tool face with
respect to its support or holder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, 639.1, for a fluid pressure-actuated driver for
a cutting tool.
100, Presses, 269.01 for a fluid pressure actuated
reciprocating press construction
Subclass:
453.02
Multiple or staged drive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including an additional means to force the tool to move
toward the work and perform the desired deforming operation.
(1) Note. Means acting to move the tool in the direction
away from the work, e.g., a biasing return spring, is not
considered to be a tool drive means.
(2) Note. Means serving to yieldably connect or cushion a
tool relative to a tool drive means is not considered to be a
tool drive means.
Subclass:
453.03
With mechanical drive means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.02. Apparatus
wherein the additional means forcing the tool toward the work
includes a mechanical structure, e.g., a screw, cam, lever,
or hammer.
Subclass:
453.04
Fluid high pressure/mechanical low pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.03. Apparatus
wherein the first means, the fluid means, forcing the tool
toward the work serves to urge the tool with relatively high
force and wherein the second means, the mechanical means,
serves to urge the tool with relatively low force.
Subclass:
453.05
Displacement additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.02. Apparatus
wherein one of the means forcing the tool toward the work
tranmits movement to the other forcing means so that the
amount of tool movement is dependent on the total movement of
the two means.
Subclass:
453.06
Pressure additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.02. Apparatus
wherein one of the means forcing the tool toward the work
transmits force to the tool and wherein the other means
forcing the tool toward the work transmits force to the tool
so that the total force acting on the tool represents the sum
of the forces of the two forcing means.
Subclass:
453.07
Axially aligned pistons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.06. Apparatus
wherein the first means and the second means forcing the tool
toward the work are pneumatic or fluid actuated and wherein
each includes piston means, the first and second piston means
being connected together in alignment along the direction of
movement of the tool.
Subclass:
453.08
Independently actuated means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.06. Apparatus
including means to supply liquid medium under pressure to one
of the tool forcing means and means to supply liquid medium
under pressure to the other of the tool forcing means wherein
the first supply and the second supply are not entirely
dependent one on the other.
Subclass:
453.09
Pull-down press:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.06. Apparatus
including a tool supporting structure such that the tool is
positioned above the floor that would be the general support
means for the apparatus and wherein the tool-forcing means
are positioned below the floor and act through connecting tie
members to force the tool down toward the work and the floor
in a deforming stroke.
Subclass:
453.1
Utilizing stored energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including provision to accumulate a tool moving force for
subsequent release.
Subclass:
453.11
Stored kinetic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.1. Apparatus
wherein the force accumulation provision includes a member
adapted to be put in motion so that the energy of motion of
that member can be subsequently utilized to perform a
deforming operation.
(1) Note. The member in motion is other than parts normally
in motion during approach of the tool toward the work; i.e.,
stored energy is intended to be subsequently utilized.
Subclass:
453.12
Pull-down press:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including a tool supporting structure such that would be the
general support structure of the apparatus and wherein the
tool forcing means is positioned below the floor and acts
through connecting tie members to force the tool down toward
the work and the floor in a deforming stroke.
Subclass:
453.13
Including fluid cushion for die opposite to ram:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including a tool couple wherein one tool includes a
pneumatic- or fluid-actuated tool support and wherein the
other tool is supported on a compressible fluid medium such
that the other tool will move away from the driven tool under
extreme pressure.
Subclass:
453.14
With ram or tool support aligning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including a tool couple and including means to adjust the
support of one tool of the couple or means to adjust the
guiding means of the driven tool of the couple to change the
abutting relationship of the two tools.
Subclass:
453.15
Randomly manipulated or work-supported tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
including provision to allow the apparatus to be moved at
will relatively to the deforming station, (i.e., the
apparatus is adapted to be brought to the work rather than
have the work brought to the apparatus) or including
provision to attach the apparatus to the work to be supported
thereby during deformation of the work.
Subclass:
453.16
With handle for manual manipulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.15. Apparatus
including a structure particularly adapted to be grasped by
an operative to assist in moving the apparatus to the
deforming station.
Subclass:
453.17
Riveting tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.16. Apparatus
particularly adapted to deform a rodlike fastener to cause
that fastener to be confined to not move through an aperture
in another member.
(1) Note. A "pop rivet" consisting of a tube and encased rod
is considered to be a single work part; accordingly, a device
for causing such a rivet to engage the walls of an opening in
another member is proper for this subclass, provided that the
device engages only parts of the rivet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 700 for means to assemble a first work
part which is tubular and a second work part which is
rodlike.
Subclass:
453.18
Having hydraulic or pneumatic return:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.01. Apparatus
wherein the tool is moved by a fluent or liquid medium toward
the work and is also moved away from the work by a fluent or
liquid medium.
Subclass:
453.19
Riveting tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 453.18. Apparatus
particularly adapted to deform a rodlike fastener to cause
that fastener to be confined to not move through an aperture
in another member.
(1) Note. A blind rivet consisting of a tube and an encased
rod is considered to be a single work part; accordingly, a
device for causing such a rivet to engage the walls of an
opening in another member is proper for this subclass,
provided that the device engages only parts of the rivet.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 700 for means to assemble a first work
part which is tubular and a second work part which is
rodlike.
Subclass:
454
Including screw-actuated tool support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus
wherein the tool is directly moved by a helically threaded
member threadedly connected to the tool or to an element that
carries the tool and partakes of all its movements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
248 for disclosure of "screw-down" mechanism in a
roller-couple.
481.3 for a threaded means to position or retain a tool face
to a support or holder therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 631, for disclosure of screw-actuated
cutting tool.
Subclass:
455
WITH TOOL CARRIER (E.G., PRESS FRAME):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus provided with means for constraining the movement
of a tool to a predetermined direction or course of
movement.
(1) Note. In a typical patent of this subclass the
disclosure is clear as to metal deformation. However, the
claimed subject matter recites merely the environment of the
tool or its support. For example, a patent herein may claim
the housing wherein the tool is located for movement, or
guide wherein the tool support slides.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 701 for disclosure of a frame or
housing for a cutting device.
Subclass:
456
With guide for rectilinearly moving tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Apparatus
provided with passive means limiting the path or movement of
the tool to a straight line.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, subclass 523 for disclosure of a guide for a
movable cutter.
Subclass:
457
BY OR WITH WORK CONSTRAINER AND/OR MANIPULATED WORK FORCER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means for (a) holding a
work-portion against movement, or (b) causing movement of a
work portion, or both (a) and (b) which means, as disclosed,
facilitates or causes deformation by or during movement of
one portion of a workpiece relative to another portion of
said workpiece.
(1) Note. The term "by or with", in the title, is intended
to include structure wherein the deformation occurs as a
result of the intended use of a claimed work-holder or
work-forcer; or structure wherein deformation is caused by a
disclosed (but not claimed) apparatus, which latter structure
includes a claimed work-holder or work-forcer in addition to
said apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
211 for disclosure of a carrier for a manipulated or
maneuverable-roller couple.
Subclass:
458
Comprising lever manipulated to force work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Implement
wherein movement of one work portion (relative to another) is
caused by a device having means for holding the work portion
fixedly thereto and an elongated extension, which device is
disclosed as moved by an operative grasping the extension.
(1) Note. It is not necessary for a work-holder to grip the
work tightly. An element in frictional engagement with the
work, whereby relative movement therebetween is restrained
will fit the concept of this subclass.
Subclass:
459
With work-complementing tool face adjacent to work-gripping
clamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 458. Implement
provided with a work-engaging deforming surface closely
proximate the work-holding means, which surface, as
disclosed, conforms to at least a part of the work.
(1) Note. The device disclosed in this and the preceding
subclass is sometimes known in the plumbing trade as a "pipe
hickey". In use, a hook on the device is applied to the work
and force is applied to the lever in a direction tending to
partially wrap the work around the tool-face defined, which
tool face then mates with the inner curve of the work
deformed thereby.
Subclass:
460
Comprising nondeforming work-gripping clamp having adjacent
tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Device having
a work-gripping clamp for holding a work portion, and
provided with a work-engaging deforming surface closely
proximate said clamp.
(1) Note. The term "work-gripping clamp" has been defined in
the definition of subclass 293 and is used herein to describe
the same structure.
Subclass:
461
Comprising work-stopping abutment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Device having
means which provides an obstacle to movement of a workpiece
during deformation thereof.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is disclosure of a
work-gage or back stop, provided that the line-of-reaction of
such device is along or parallel to the path of movement of
the workpiece.
Subclass:
462
TOOL AND/OR TOOL HOLDER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus comprising a tool*; or comprising a device
connected to a tool* for mounting or supporting the tool
against gravity, which device partakes of all the motion of
the tool during deformation.
(1) Note. With respect to the definition of tool-holder
(i.e., the supporting device) an original patent claiming
relative movement of a tool and it tool-holder for purposes
of adjustment of one relative to the other may be placed in
this or an indented subclass.
(2) Note. This and indented subclasses are the residual loci
of patents disclosing metal-deforming tools of general or
unspecified use. Patents disclosing a specific tool, (e.g.,
fluent tool, roller-couple, closed-die) will be found in
corresponding subclasses higher in the schedule than this
one. Those patents claiming a tool particularly identified by
disclosure as usable in a specific environment have been
cross-referenced into the subclass pertaining to that
environment.
(3) Note. During the analysis of patents to be placed in
this and indented subclasses, the names applied to tools,
(e.g., "anvil", "die", "mandrel", etc.) and the functions
attributed to such tools, (e.g., "threading-die", "wedging
block", etc.) were found to be arbitrary or not pertinent.
Art terminology was found to refer to essentially similar
structures by different names or functions, or to apply the
same names or functions to widely divergent structures. For
these reasons, the traditional names for the tools placed
herein have been disregarded, and classification thereof has
been based on structure without regard to function.
Subclass:
463
With nondeforming passageway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
having an orifice therein, which orifice facilitates the
movement of material therethrough but does not deform work.
(1) Note. The orifice permits the passage of such exemplary
materials as lubricating oil, air, coolant, work or product,
but the orifice itself has no deforming function on work or
product pieces.
Subclass:
464
Including deforming tool and cutting tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
having at least two members or portions of a member, wherein
one of said members or portions is disclosed as a cutter and
another of said members or portions is disclosed as a
deforming tool*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
71 186, 204, and 325+, for disclosure of a composite cutting,
deforming tool.
Subclass:
465.1
Including flexible or yieldable tool or support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
wherein the tool is pliant or resilient, or wherein the tool
or its tool-holder is mounted on a pliant or resilient
means.
(1) Note. This subclass provides the locus for patents
disclosing a pressure resistant tool capable of moving to
absorb part of the pressure required for deformation and of
returning to its original position.
Subclass:
466
Flexible or articulated backup:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
wherein the tool operates as a passive reaction member, and
wherein the tool or its tool-holder comprises a pliant member
or a plurality of elements jointly linked together to permit
the elements to move relatively to each other.
Subclass:
466.2
Bending mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
wherein a passive implement is received within a passage in
the work* for the purpose of supporting the passage during a
bending process.
Subclass:
466.3
Overload release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
adapted to breakaway upon occurrence of excessive force.
Subclass:
466.4
Riveting tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
particularly adapted to deform a rodlike fastener to cause
that fastener to be confined to not move through an aperture
in another member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
453.17 453.19, for a riveting tool which includes a
pneumatic- or fluid-actuated tool support.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 243.521 and 243.53+ for a
riveting tool that recognizes the presence of a first and
second work piece.
Subclass:
466.5
Rivet bucker or dolly:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466.4. Apparatus
wherein an implement passively engages the rodlike fastener
during deformation.
Subclass:
466.6
Handtool (e.g., hammer or dolly):
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
wherein an implement is adapted to be manually driven or
manipulated during use.
Subclass:
466.7
Fluid pressure supported:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
wherein a gas or a liquid is confined in an enclosure which
functions as an elastic member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
453.13 for a press using a fluid pressure support.
Subclass:
466.8
Resilient material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465.1. Apparatus
wherein a tool* or tool holder* consists in part or whole of
a substance which yields under pressure and elastically
rebounds upon relieving the pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for application of a fluent medium (e.g., an elastomeric
tool face).
350 for blank holders.
Subclass:
466.9
Metal spring (e.g., coil or leaf):
This subclass is indented under subclass 466.8. Apparatus
wherein the resilient material is a mechanically configured
metal member which operates within the elastic limits of that
metal.
(1) Note. A metal member experiencing permanent deformation
is excluded from this subclass.
Subclass:
467
Tool comprising closed periphery deforming passageway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
wherein the tool defines an orifice having an uninterrupted
circumference, and the work-engaging boundary surface of the
orifice is disclosed as deforming work that moves bodily
therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 461 for a means providing a shaping orifice for
extrusion apparatus for nonmetals.
Subclass:
468
Including adjustable size or multiple passageway:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Apparatus
wherein the dimensions of the orifice may be altered or
wherein a plurality of orifices is provided.
Subclass:
469
Tool-comprising die plate having ribs and/or grooves:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
including a work-deforming surface having a plurality of
extended, alternating hills and valleys bounded generally by
two substantially parallel planes.
(1) Note. The tool defined above is used in the disclosures
placed in subclasses 88+. For further description of such a
tool and its action on the work especially when two such
tools cooperate with each other, see the definitions and
notes of subclasses 88+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 180, 188, and 221+, for disclosures of a tool having ribs
and/or grooves.
Subclass:
470
Including tool couple or die couple (e.g., opposed die
faces):
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
comprising two tools disposed opposite one another such that
work may be located therebetween.
(1) Note. Patents placed in this and indented subclasses
disclose a tool-couple wherein the tools may be fixed or
movable relative to each other during use, but in either case
it is clear from the disclosure that the tools cooperate with
each other to form a tool-couple.
Subclass:
471
With intermediate tool:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus
provided with at least a third tool, which the third tool is
located in the space between the work-engaging faces of the
two tools.
(1) Note. Exemplary patents in this subclass disclose a core
supporting the interior of hollow-work* while two tools
deform the exterior of the work into the shape of the core.
Subclass:
472
Including plural tool couples:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus
comprising at least two separate tool couples.
(1) Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent should
claim two (or more) tool-couples, each of the two having the
limitations stated in the definition of subclass 470.
Exemplary patents herein disclose the tool couples operating
sequentially or simultaneously.
Subclass:
473
Having adjustable face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus
wherein at least one of the tools engages work with a surface
having a shape or configuration that can be changed.
Subclass:
474
Having nonsymmetrical face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Apparatus
wherein the work-engaging surface of one tool of a
tool-couple has a nonplanar shape of configuration different
from the work-engaging surface of the other tool of said
tool-couple.
(1) Note. For the purpose of this definition a tool-couple
having mirror-image faces is considered to be symmetrical and
a patent disclosing such tool faces will not be placed in
this or indented subclasses, but will be found in subclass
470, or an appropriate subclass indented thereunder.
Subclass:
475
Complementary faces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Apparatus
wherein the work-engaging surfaces of the tools conform to
each other (with allowance for the presence of
uniform-thickness work there-between).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 105, 179, 196, 375, 385, 414, and 469, for additional
disclosure of tool-couple having complementary tool-faces.
Subclass:
476
Having unitary tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Apparatus
comprising one tool having at least one work-engaging surface
that acts (or reacts) as a single device during deformation.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses do not bar therefrom
a disclosure of a tool having a surface with a plurality of
work deforming faces, provided that only one face of such
tool is used (at any one period of time) during one
deformation, and another face is used during another
deformation. See the definitions and notes for subclasses 477
and 478 for such usages.
Subclass:
477
Including optionally selectable faces:
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Apparatus
wherein the tool has at least two work-engaging surfaces, of
which surfaces one or another is used, at the choice of the
operative, during deformation.
(1) Note. The disclosures of this subclass should not be
confused with those of subclasses having the phrase "plural
faces" (or equivalent expression) in their titles. In this
subclass (477) one face of a tool or another face (or another
portion of the first-mentioned face) is used at the option of
the operative, and this choice is clear from the claimed
disclosure. In the other (i.e., "plural faces") subclasses,
the use of plural faces in succession or alternation (as well
as simultaneously) is clear, or the specification falls short
of clearly disclosing a choice of faces.
Subclass:
478
Comprising plural sections fixed together in use (e.g.,
adjustable or collapsible):
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Apparatus
wherein the work-engaging surface is constructed from the
surfaces of a plurality of elements, which elements are held
rigidly with respect to each other during a deforming
operation.
(1) Note. This subclass is a locus of patents disclosing a
tool that can be collapsed for insertion into, or removal
from, a workpiece.
Subclass:
479
With elongated extension fixed to tool face in use (e.g.,
handle or shank):
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Apparatus
having a prolongation that performs a function other than
deformation.
(1) Note. The function stated is usually to facilitate the
grasping of the tool by the hand of the operative, but the
function may also be to serve as a means to connect the tool
to a tool-driver.
Subclass:
480
Adjustable relative to tool face before use:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Apparatus
wherein the position of the prolongation with respect to the
tool-face* may be changed prior to a deforming operation.
Subclass:
481.1
With support or holder for adjustable or removable tool
face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Apparatus
provided with a carrying member in which the tool is so
mounted that it, or a portion of it, may be changed or
positioned or extracted relative to the member.
Subclass:
481.2
Pneumatic- or fluid-actuated means to move or hold tool
face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including means utilizing a fluent or liquid medium under
pressure to reposition or retain the tool face with respect
to the support or holder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for direct application of a fluent medium to engage and
deform metal.
453.01 for a pneumatic- or fluid-actuated tool metal
deforming tool.
Subclass:
481.3
Threaded means to move or hold tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
which a helically ridged surface interfittingly engages
another member to reposition or retain the tool face with
respect to the support or holder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
454 for a screw actuated tool support for metal deforming.
Subclass:
481.4
To move by threaded member that travels along tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.3. Apparatus
wherein the helically ridged member turns about an axis that
is parallel to the plane of the tool face, so that it serves
to reposition the tool parallel to that plane.
Subclass:
481.5
Threaded means "telescopically" interfits with tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.4. Apparatus
wherein the tool face includes a generally cylindrical
opening for receiving and interfitting with the helical
ridges of the helically ridged member.
Subclass:
481.6
To hold by actuating a clamping mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.3. Apparatus
wherein the helically ridged member engages another member to
cause that member to retainingly grasp the tool face with
respect to the tool support or holder.
Subclass:
481.7
Threaded means comprising "fastener":
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.6. Apparatus
wherein the threaded means comprises a conventional, hardware
store item; e.g., a screw or bolt.
Subclass:
481.8
To hold by threaded means comprising "fastener":
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.3. Apparatus
wherein the threaded means comprises a conventional, hardware
store item; e.g., a screw or bolt, and serves to retain the
tool face in position on the support or holder.
Subclass:
481.9
To hold by binding tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.3. Apparatus
wherein the end of the helically ridged member directly
engages tool face to urge the tool face to forcibly interfit
with the support or holder, thereby to retain the tool face
in position with respect thereto.
Subclass:
482.1
Cam to move or hold tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a rotary member or a rectilinearly moving member
having a contoured surface utilized to reposition or retain
the tool face with respect to the support or holder.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
452 for a cam-actuated metal deforming tool support.
Subclass:
482.2
To hold by actuating a clamping mechanism:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482.1. Apparatus
wherein the member having a contoured surface engages another
member to cause that member to retainingly grasp the tool
face with respect to the tool support or holder.
Subclass:
482.3
Wedge shaped cam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482.1. Apparatus
including a rectilinearly moving member having a contoured
surface utilized to reposition or retain the tool face with
respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.4
To move tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482.3. Apparatus
adapted to reposition the tool face with respect to the
support or holder.
Subclass:
482.5
Engaging dovetail on tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482.3. Apparatus
cam is used between an inwardly tapered tenon on the tool
face and a correspondingly shaped recess in the tool support
or holder to retain the tool face in position on support or
holder.
Subclass:
482.6
Lever to move tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a torque arm pivoted about a fulcrum to reposition
the tool face with respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.7
Ratchet to move tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a linearly movable rod engaged by a one way locking
mechanism and a mechanism which indexably engages the rod to
incrementally move the tool face with respect to the support
or holder.
Subclass:
482.8
Gear to move tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a rotary toothed wheel adapted to interfit with
cooperating surfaces of another rotary toothed wheel or a
toothed bar to reposition the tool face with respect to the
support or holder.
Subclass:
482.9
Magnetic means to hold tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a member which utilizes an electromagnetic field to
retain the tool face with respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.91
Spring to hold tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including an elastic member to retain the tool face with
respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.92
Pin to hold tool face:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
including a rod and a mating slot to retain the tool face
with respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.93
Tool face held by friction fit to support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 481.1. Apparatus
which utilizes an interference engagement between the tool
face holder and the tool face to retain the tool face with
respect to the support or holder.
Subclass:
482.94
Tool face threaded directly to support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 482.93. Apparatus
wherein the helically ridged surface is directly on or in
tool face and is intended to interfit with a cooperating
surface of the support or holder.
Subclass:
483
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Apparatus that is not in conformance with the definition of
any prior class in this schedule.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published
disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the
metal-deforming art which aspects do not form appropriate
bases for subclasses in the foregoing classification (i.e.,
subclasses superior hereto in the schedule), wherein original
copies of patents are placed on the basis of proximate
function of the apparatus.
These subclasses assist a search based on remote function of
the apparatus and may be of further assistance to the
searcher, either as a starting point in searching this class
or as an indication of further related fields of search
inside or outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a
second access for retrieval of a limited number of types of
disclosures. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for
their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or
secondary fields of search, without regard to their original
classification or their claimed subject matter. The
disclosures found in the following subclasses are examples,
only, of the indicated subject matter, and in no instance do
they represent the entire extent of the prior art.
Subclass:
700
DEFORMING SPECIFIED ALLOYS OR UNCOMMON METAL OR BIMETALLIC
WORK:
Disclosure of metal deformation, particularly emphasizing the
composition of the metal, or specifying a rare metal as
undergoing deformation (e.g., tantalum, beryllium or other
such metal not usually thought of in connection with
deformation), or reciting two or more metals in laminar
form.
Subclass:
701
PREVENTING DISTORTION:
Disclosure of metal deformation wherein unwanted deformation
is precluded.
(1) Note. The term "unwanted deformation" is meaningful only
in accordance with the intent of applicant, patentee or
author as expressed in the disclosure. To be placed herein a
disclosure should clearly indicate a deliberate attempt to
prevent a deformation clearly stated to be undesired.
Examples of terms used to express undesired distortion
include: "distortion", "lateral deflection", "buckling",
"warping", "wind", "twisting", "masking", "collapsing",
"crushing", "flattening", "crowding", "wrinkling" and
"cobbling". It is obvious that some of the terms are also
used to describe desired deformation, therefore some care
should be taken to properly assess the disclosed intent.
Subclass:
702
OVERBENDING TO COMPENSATE FOR SPRINGBACK:
Disclosure of metal deformation wherein the metal is stressed
to a position beyond that which is desired, in the
expectation that when the stress is released, the resilience
of the metal will restore it to the position desired.
Subclass:
703
KNURLING:
Disclosure of metal deformation that functions to produce a
series of small ridges, usually parallel to each other, and
also usually associated with a second such series angularly
related to the first series.
Subclass:
704
CHAMBER-ADJUSTING TOOL:
Disclosure of metal deformation by a device particularly
arranged and intended to change the relationship between the
parts of a front-end or steering-linkage suspension on an
automobile.
Subclass:
705
VEHICLE BODY OR FRAME STRAIGHTENER:
Disclosure of metal deformation by an apparatus or structure
particularly adapted and intended to restore an automobile,
railway car, or other transport carriage or its original
shape.
Subclass:
706
EXPLOSIVE:
Disclosure of metal deformation produced by explosive
forces.
Subclass:
707
MAGNETISM:
Disclosure of metal deformation produced by magnetic forces.
Subclass:
708
REVERSE DRAWING:
Disclosure of metal deformation using a reverse drawing step
or apparatus.
Subclass:
709
SUPERPLASTIC MATERIAL:
Disclosure of metal deformation of materials which have
superplastic properties, i.e., those that can exceed their
normal elastic limit when subjected to certain conditions
such as elevated temperatures.
Subclass:
710
VIBRATING:
Disclosure of metal deformation including a vibration step or
apparatus.
Subclass:
711
HYDROSTATIC EXTRUSION:
Disclosure of metal deformation produced by the extrusion of
metal using hydrostatic forces.
Subclass:
712
ELECTRICAL TERMINAL CRIMPER:
A cross reference art collection of apparatus for attaching
an electrical connector to an end of a wire intended to
conduct electricity therethrough.
Subclass:
713
METHOD OF MAKING VEHICLE POWER TRANSMITTING SHAFT:
Disclosure of a process of metal deformation producing a
member which passes on motion and torque for use on a
transport carriage.
Subclass:
714
METHOD OF MAKING UNIVERSAL JOINT SHELL:
Disclosure of a process of metal deformation producing a
particular coupling between two rotating shafts, specifically
directed to the socket on the end of one shaft for receiving
the end of the other shaft.
Subclass:
715
METHOD OF MAKING CAN BODIES:
Disclosure of a process of metal deformation producing a
fluid holding vessel.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100 through FOR 102 below correspond
to the definitions of the abolished subclasses under Class 72
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art
Collections in the Class 72 schedule for specific
correspondences. {Note: The titles and definitions for
indented art collections include all the details of the
one(s) that are hierarchically superior.}
Subclass: FOR 100
Tube making and/or reshaping: Foreign art collection relating
to the manufacture and/or deformation of a tube*.
Subclass: FOR 101
Comprising use of internal tool: Foreign art collection
including the use of an active or passive tool located within
the interior of the work during the reshaping operation.
Subclass: FOR 102
Including flexible or yieldable tool or support: Foreign art
collection wherein the tool is pliant or resilient, or
wherein the tool or its tool-holder is mounted on a pliant or
resilient means.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000