U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
2000 ARCHIVE COPY
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
"
" icon, below.
( please note that patents for some subclasses may not be available )
For classification search strategies, please refer to the
Classification Index
Explanation of Data web page.
(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)
Class 367
COMMUNICATIONS, ELECTRICAL: ACOUSTIC WAVE SYSTEMS AND
DEVICES
Class Definition:
This is the residual class for the communication of
information or intelligence in the form of travelling
stresses in an elastic medium which are detected or generated
by electric signal handling means wherein the electric signal
represents the communicated information or intelligence.
This class provides for subject matter not classifiable
elsewhere comprising combinations of acoustic wave
transmitters, receivers, and electric signal processors as
well as electrical acoustic wave transmitters, receivers, and
signal processors, per se, and subcombinations of such
devices whose proximate functions are limited to use in
acoustic wave communications.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, particularly subclass 307 for
acoustic wave borehole telemetering combined with gravity or
earth's magnetic field responsive means to indicate the
direction or inclination of the borehole.
73, Measuring and Testing, 570 for the measuring and testing
of vibration, per se, particularly subclasses 584+ for the
measuring and testing of vibration by mechanical (acoustic)
waves.
84, Music, 1 for electrical tone generators combined with
electric to acoustic wave energy transducers for use in the
production of music.
178, Telegraphy, 31 for typewriters which automatically type
out words in response to spoken words.
181, Acoustics, 101 for mechanical compressional wave
systems for geophysical explorations; subclasses 123+ for
miscellaneous mechanical sound echo systems; and subclass 125
for mechanical sound locating devices.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, for means to
convert mechanical energy, including acoustic wave energy,
into electric energy, and vice versa not restricted to use in
systems and devices of this class (367) type.
340, Communications: Electrical, 384.1 for electrically
actuated audible signalling means; and subclass 621 for
acoustic wave liquid level alarms.
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate
subclasses for radio wave echo systems.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, appropriate
subclasses for electrical recording of continuous, audible
signals.
379, Telephonic Communications, for means for communicating
continuous, audible signals electrically.
434, Education and Demonstration, 2 for devices relating to
instruction in object detecting and ranging systems, e.g.,
radar or sonar systems.
455, Telecommunications, for the electrical conversion of
audible acoustic wave signals to electromagnetic radiation,
and vice versa.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 150 for high temperature (T[subscrpt]c[end
subscrpt] 30 K) superconducting device, and particularly
subclasses 202+ for electric communication system containing
transmitter or receiver of pulse, digital, or electromagnetic
radio, television, or radar wave form.
606, Surgery, 2 for electrical diagnostic devices utilizing
ultrasonic acoustic waves.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SONAR COUNTER-MEASURES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising decoys or jamming systems for
rendering nonseismic echo systems or distance or direction
finding systems ineffective.
(1) Note. The nonseismic echo or distance or direction
finding systems of this subclass type are the same as those
defined in subclasses 87 and 118, respectively, below.
Subclass:
2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
TRANSPONDER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter which receives acoustic wave energy from a
remote source and, in response, transmits radiant energy
(e.g., radio or acoustic wave energy) to a remote point.
Subclass:
3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sonobuoys and sonobuoy systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
which includes an underwater acoustic wave receiver, the
output of which modulates a radio transmitter contained in a
buoy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, 1 for buoys, per
se.
Subclass:
4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With component activating or deployment means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter
including structure which automatically renders an element or
elements of the sonobuoy operative during descent or after
entering the water.
Subclass:
5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With plurality of sonobuoys:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter
in which two or more receiver-transmitter devices are
employed.
Subclass:
6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With plurality of transponders:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
in which two or more receiver-transmitter devices are
employed.
Subclass:
7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ACOUSTIC IMAGE CONVERSION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein acoustic waves reflected or refracted
from an object are used to form a visual representation of
the exterior of the object or to form an electrical signal or
record from which a visual representation of the object may
be derived.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 596 for acoustic imaging of the
interior of an object.
348, Television, subclass 163 for acoustic imaging wherein
the means which forms the visual representation is a
television system.
600, Surgery, subclass 400 for acoustic imaging of the eye;
subclass 500 for detecting blood vessel pulsation, and
subclass 509 for detecting electrical heart beat signals.
Subclass:
8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Acoustic holography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter
in which the visible image is reconstructed from data derived
from the interference pattern of the reflected or refracted
acoustic waves and a coherent reference acoustic wave or from
electrical signals representative of such data.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 603 for acoustic image conversion
involved in measuring or testing.
Subclass:
9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Seismic display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter
wherein the reflected or defracted acoustic waves travel
through the earth.
Subclass:
10
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid or deformable surface holography:
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Subject matter
in which the reflected or refracted acoustic waves are
projected onto a fluid or other elastic surface to create a
ripple pattern.
Subclass:
11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With memory means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter
including means to store the information or intelligence
being handled.
Subclass:
12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
BEAM STABILIZATION OR COMPENSATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the acoustic waves are received or
radiated in a directional pattern and wherein means are
provided to maintain a desired attitude of the pattern
regardless of movement of the support for the receiving or
radiating means, or wherein means is provided to counteract
or neutralize undesired effects due to movement of the
support for the receiving or radiating means (e.g., to
correct for pitch, roll, or yaw of a vessel).
Subclass:
13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
TESTING, MONITORING, OR CALIBRATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter having means which determines the accuracy,
operability, or operating characteristics of acoustic wave
systems and elements of the class type.
Subclass:
14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SEISMIC PROSPECTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein the medium through which the waves
travel comprises the earth or other planetary body and the
system or element provides an indication of the
characteristics or location of discontinuities (e.g., strata
or foreign bodies) within the medium.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 101 for seismic prospecting systems which do
not involve the handling of electric signals which contain
geophysical information.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 14
for computer and data processing system especially designed
to be used with seismic prospecting systems.
Subclass:
15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Offshore prospecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter
wherein the medium (earth) through which the acoustic waves
travel is covered by a body of water and wherein the acoustic
waves either emanate from the medium and travel through the
water to a detector or are detected at the medium/water
interface.
Subclass:
16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer position control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the relative depth or location of the acoustic wave
source or receiver is selectively varied or maintained
constant.
(1) Note. Subject matter wherein the transducer is merely
moved, e.g., towed, is not classifiable in this subclass or
the subclasses indented hereunder without some provision for
selectively changing its path of motion or to maintain it in
a certain path against external influences.
Subclass:
17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydromechanical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein the position of the transducer is controlled by
structure interacting dynamically with the water surrounding
the transducer.
(1) Note. Subject matter under subclass type is frequently
referred to in the art as a "paravane".
Subclass:
18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fluid variation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter
wherein the position of the transducer is controlled by
varying the bouyancy of the transducer or of structure
attached to it (e.g., towing cable).
Subclass:
19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer cable location determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein the detector is attached to a line (i.e., towing,
mooring, and/or communication line) and the distance of the
line from some other object (e.g., another such line) is
measured.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 242 for the towing, per se, of waterborne
devices.
Subclass:
20
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multiple hydrophone cable systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
having a plurality of detectors or sets of detectors each
attached to different ones of a plurality of communication
and/or towing lines.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 242 for the towing, per se, of waterborne
devices.
Subclass:
21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Signal processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter
wherein electric signals representative of the detected
acoustic waves or constituents of such signals are
distinguished from one another or from other kinds of signals
(e.g., noise) and/or wherein the information or intelligence
contained in such signals pertaining to the characteristics
or location of the discontinuity is identified.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 14
for computer and data processing system especially designed
to be used with seismic prospecting systems, particularly
subclass 17 for filtering or noise reduction.
Subclass:
22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer output weighting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the electric signal outputs of two or more acoustic
wave detectors responding to the same acoustic wave input are
made to differ from one another by a certain amount.
Subclass:
23
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlled source signalling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic wave source is controlled to emit a
certain acoustic wave format.
Subclass:
24
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reverberation removal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter
wherein the effects of the internal reflection of acoustic
waves within the body of water itself are eliminated from or
attenuated in the electric signals.
Subclass:
25
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Well logging:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter
wherein the deflected acoustic waves are detected by means
which travels through a passageway in the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for a well logging, per
se, wherein the logging is not a purely electrical test or a
purely magnetic test, especially subclasses 152.02+ for a
process or an apparatus for borehole formation logging
wherein the logging is not a purely electrical test or a
purely magnetic test.
Subclass:
26
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Threshold set system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein detected waves are converted to electrical signals
having a characteristic (e.g., amplitude, timing) which is
compared with a standard to determine the acceptability of
the signal by the system.
Subclass:
27
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Time interval measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the time interval between the transmission and
detection of an acoustic wave is used to determine some
characteristic of the acoustic medium (i.e., earth).
Subclass:
28
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Amplitude measurement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the detected acoustic wave is converted to an
electric signal whose amplitude is used to determine some
characteristic of the acoustic medium (i.e., earth).
Subclass:
29
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Peak amplitude:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein the maximum amplitude of the signal is used to
determine some characteristic of the acoustic medium.
Subclass:
30
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Amplitude comparison:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein differences in amplitudes are used to determine some
characteristic of the acoustic medium.
(1) Note. The difference of this subclass type may be
expressed as ratios of amplitudes.
Subclass:
31
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of noncompressional acoustic wave energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein the energy of propagating stresses other than
compressional stresses is measured.
(1) Note. Propagating stresses of this subclass type
include shear waves, surface waves (which may be referred to
as "Rayleigh", "Love", "tube" or "Stoneley" waves), and
refracted waves (which may be referred to as "head" or
"conical" waves).
Subclass:
32
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Frequency dependent determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter
wherein the amplitude measurement involves the utilization or
finding of a frequency characteristic of the seismic signal.
Subclass:
33
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Depth recording or control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein an electric signal representing the location of the
detector in the passageway is recorded or utilized by the
system.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for a well logging, per
se, wherein the logging is not a purely electrical test or a
purely magnetic test, especially subclasses 152.02+ for a
process or an apparatus for borehole formation logging
wherein there is a measurement of depth being correlated with
another borehole measurement being made and the logging is
not a purely electrical test or a purely magnetic test.
Subclass:
34
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Received signal cycle discrimination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein particular cycles of the received signals are
analyzed or processed to provide particular information or
improved signal-to-noise response.
Subclass:
35
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Borehole or casting condition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence pertains to the
passageway itself or to the lining of the passageway.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 152.01 for a borehole testing,
per se, wherein the test is not a purely electrical test or a
purely magnetic test, especially subclass 152.57 for a
process or an apparatus for testing a borehole casing
condition wherein the test is not purely electrical or purely
magnetic.
Subclass:
36
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Land-refraction type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter
wherein alterations in the paths of acoustic waves due to
their passage through a discontinuity into a medium of
different velocity are detected and used to represent
characteristics or the location of the discontinuity.
Subclass:
37
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Land-reflection type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter
wherein alterations in the paths of acoustic waves deflected
from a discontinuity without passing through it are detected
and used to represent characteristics of or the location of
the discontinuity.
Subclass:
38
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Signal analysis and/or correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein various electrical signals representative of the
detected acoustic waves or constituents of such signals are
distinguished from one another or from other kinds of signals
(e.g., noise) and/or wherein the information or intelligence
contained in such signals pertaining to the characteristics
or location of the discontinuity is identified.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing, 14
for computer and data processing system especially designed
to be used with seismic prospecting systems, particularly
subclass 17 for filtering or noise reduction.
Subclass:
39
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Random signal correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is the degree of
linear relationship identified by comparing the signal with
some stochastic characteristic of the transmitted or other
reference signal.
Subclass:
40
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Received correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is identified by
comparing the signal with signals from other detectors in the
system or with different time segments in the same signal.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes
visual correlation of signals or records of signals by a
person.
Subclass:
41
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transmitted correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein an acoustic wave emitted by the system and reflected
by a discontinuity is detected and the information or
intelligence therein identified by comparing the signal
representative of the detected wave with a signal
representative of the emitted wave.
(1) Note. In the subject matter of this subclass type and
signal representative of the emitted wave may be produced by
the detector in response to the detection of waves arriving
thereat directly from the transmitter.
Subclass:
42
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Standard correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is identified by
comparing the signal representative of the detected wave with
another signal of known shape.
(1) Note. The signal of known shape may also drive the
acoustic wave transmitter, the waves from which, reflected by
discontinuities, becoming the detected waves of the subject
matter of this subclass. The signal of known shape of this
subclass type differ from "signal representative of the
emitted wave" of the preceding subclass in that the signals
driving the transmitter are not necessarily the same as
signals representative of the wave actually emitted by the
transmitter.
Subclass:
43
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including means to attenuate and/or separate selected signals
or constituent parts of complex signals.
Subclass:
44
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Comb filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of selected signals or constituent parts
of complex signals may be attenuated or separated
simultaneously.
Subclass:
45
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Adaptive filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the signal selecting characteristics of the filter
are varied by the signal fed into the filter itself.
(1) Note. Filters of this subclass type may appear to
"learn" to pass the proper signal.
Subclass:
46
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inverse filters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter
wherein the selecting or attenuating characteristics are the
opposite of similar characteristics of at least some part of
the acoustic wave medium or system.
(1) Note. The filtering characteristics of the subject
matter of this subclass may be the inverse of such
characteristics of the acoustic wave medium or system as, for
example, the transmitting transducer, the receiving
transducer, recording equipment, connecting cables, the earth
and transducer to earth coupling.
Subclass:
47
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Amplitude:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the distinction is made among the amplitudes of the
various signals or constituents thereof.
Subclass:
48
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phase:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the distinction is made among the phases of the
various signals or constituents thereof.
Subclass:
49
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the distinction is made among the frequencies of the
various signals or constituents thereof.
Subclass:
50
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Timing correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
having means to correct or control the timing of the various
signals in order to compensate for undesired influences of
differences in acoustic wave paths.
Subclass:
51
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Dynamic timing correction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
wherein the amount of correction or control is variable
during an interval.
Subclass:
52
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Normal moveout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter
wherein the undesired influence is due to variations in the
transmitter-to-distance.
Subclass:
53
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For dip:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
wherein the difference in acoustic wave paths is caused by
variations in the inclination of subsurface strata.
Subclass:
54
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
For weathering layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter
wherein some or part of the paths lie in the zone of
relatively low velocity material near the earth's surface and
the effect of such layer is to be compensated for.
Subclass:
55
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Timing mark generation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
including means to represent a timed interval on a signal
record or display.
Subclass:
56
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Particular source-receiver array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of receivers are particularly located
relative to one another and to the transmitter of acoustic
waves.
Subclass:
57
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vertical receiver or source array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of receivers or sources are spaced from
one another radially with respect to the center of the
earth.
Subclass:
58
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By receiver pattern arrangement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of receivers are so located relative to
one another as to produce signals which when combined are
inherently analysed or corrected at least to some extent.
Subclass:
59
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Compositing system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein signals from a plurality of receivers are combined.
Subclass:
60
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Special digital system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter
wherein signals are in digital form and are composited by
digital processing means other than a general digital
computer.
(1) Note. A compositing process intended to be performed
under control of a program in a general purpose digital
computer does not constitute a basis for classification in
this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 421 for seismic signal compositing processes
carried out by general purpose digital computers.
Subclass:
61
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Beam steering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter
wherein information or intelligence from a certain direction
is emphasized in the composite signal by delaying the signals
from certain receivers.
Subclass:
62
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Array weighting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter
wherein signals from certain ones of the receivers are
modified in a predetermined manner before compositing.
Subclass:
63
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With preliminary signal processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter
wherein the signals are modified before being combined.
Subclass:
64
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Optical processing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein an electrical signal representative of a detected
acoustic wave is converted into electromagnetic radiation in
the visible spectrum and is analyzed and/or corrected at
least in part in that state.
Subclass:
65
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Gain control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter
wherein the amplification or attenuation of an amplifier is
variable.
Subclass:
66
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Analog digital compatible systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter
which may be applicable to the amplification or attenuation
of either digital or analog signals.
(1) Note. Disclosures classifiable in this subclass may
include specific embodiments limited to, for example, analog
signals but which disclosures are comprehensive enough to be
applicable to digital signal gain control as well.
Subclass:
67
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Digital:
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter
wherein the signal is in the form of discrete pulses.
Subclass:
68
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Display systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is converted from an
electrical signal to a form (visually) perceptible to a human
being.
(1) Note. The nominal recitation or broad disclosure of
display means is insufficient basis for classification in
this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. For
classification here some details of the means or steps which
convert the signal from one form to another must be recited.
Subclass:
69
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Well logging type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence displayed is obtained
from an acoustic wave detector which travels through a
passageway in the earth.
Subclass:
70
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Color:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is displayed in
various wavelengths.
Subclass:
71
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
CRT:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence is displayed on a
cathode-ray tube.
Subclass:
72
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
3-D:
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter
wherein the display extends or appears to extend in three
perpendicular directions in space.
Subclass:
73
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Synthetic seismograms and models:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein seismic-type signals or data are produced
artifically.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
703, Data Processing: Structural Design, Modeling,
Simulation, and Emulation, subclass 5 for electrical analog
computer simulator of geophysical phenomena, per se.
Subclass:
74
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Format conversion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein the information or intelligence pertaining to the
discontinuity appears in an electric signal variable (e.g.,
amplitude) and is transferred to another signal variable
(e.g., frequency).
Subclass:
75
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shear wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic waves consist of stresses in a direction
or plane perpendicular to the direction of travel.
Subclass:
76
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Telemetry:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Subject matter
wherein electrical signals representative of the acoustic
waves are transmitted from the detector to a remote part of
the system.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for seismic telemetering systems in which a time break
signal represents the instant of generation of seismic
energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 870.01 for generic
telemetering systems.
Subclass:
77
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
wherein the signals are converted to and transmitted as
invisible electromagnetic radiation.
Subclass:
78
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multiplex:
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of distinct electric signals are
transmitted over the same circuit virtually simultaneously.
Subclass:
79
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Time:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein the distinct signals are separated from one another
in time.
Subclass:
80
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Frequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter
wherein signals are distinguished from one another by their
frequency.
Subclass:
81
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
WELLBORE TELEMETERING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein information or control signals are
transmitted through a passageway in the earth in the form of
acoustic waves in a medium in the passageway comprised of
material different from the surrounding earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for wellbore telemetering of this subclass type combined
with acoustic well logging means.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
33, Geometrical Instruments, 306 for acoustic wave wellbore
telemetering systems combined with gravity or earth's
magnetic field responsive means to determine and indicate the
direction or inclination of the wellbore.
340, Communications: Electrical, 853.1 for nonacoustic wave
wellbore telemetering, particularly subclasses 855.6 and
856.4 for an acoustic transducer with a nonacoustic
communication link; and subclasses 870.01+ for generic
telemetering systems.
Subclass:
82
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Through drill string or casing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the medium is, or is contained in, means connecting a
drill bit in the passageway to driving apparatus on the
earth's surface.
Subclass:
83
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Through well fluids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 81. Subject matter
wherein the medium is a liquid.
Subclass:
84
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rotary valve control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic waves are generated by rotational
movement of structure which modulates the well fluid flow.
Subclass:
85
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Linear valve control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic waves are created by linear movement of
structure which modulates the flow of well fluid.
Subclass:
86
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
BOREHOLE TESTING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein information or intelligence pertaining
to the walls of a passageway through the earth is obtained
from a device which travels through the passageway and emits
acoustic waves into the medium contained within the
passageway (e.g., air, water) which are reflected from the
walls back to the device and detected.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, subclass 152.16 for using
vibration to measure a parameter of a borehole or equipment
therein.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, 40 for borehole
testing apparatus combined with significant boring or
penetrating structure.
Subclass:
87
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
ECHO SYSTEMS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter wherein intelligence or information about a
foreign object or other discontinuity in the medium is
communicated in an acoustic wave reflected from the object or
other discontinuity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for systems for jamming or interfering with echo systems.
37 for echo systems wherein the medium is the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
342, Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate
subclasses for radio wave echo systems.
Subclass:
88
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Side scanning or contour mapping sonar systems:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
in which the paths of acoustic waves to and/or from the
transmitter-receiver are directed laterally and downwardly
into a body of water from a moving vessel on the body of
water or in which a topos:graphical record of the bottom of
the body of water is produced from acoustic waves received at
the moving vessel.
(1) Note. The contour mapping devices of this subclass type
are not limited to side scanning types.
Subclass:
89
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Speed determination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
for determining the rate of change of distance between a
transmitting-receiving device and the acoustic wave
reflector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
606, Surgery, 2 for ultrasonic determination of blood flow.
Subclass:
90
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By doppler effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter
which utilizes the frequency shift of the reflected signal to
determine the relative speed of the reflector.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 861.18 for determining the rate
of flow of a fluid by measuring the doppler shift of an
acoustic wave emitted into the fluid.
Subclass:
91
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vehicle mounted system for determining vehicle speed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter
in which the echo system is supported by a moving platform
whose relative speed is determined.
Subclass:
92
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Parametric sonar:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
which produces sum and difference frequencies by the
nonlinear mixing of compressional waves within the
propagating medium.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type may be
referred to as nonlinear or parametric acoustics.
Subclass:
93
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Presence or movement only detection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
which determines that a stationary or moving object is within
a given area but does not determine the object's specific
distance or direction from the detecting station.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
99 for distance or direction finding echo systems.
Subclass:
94
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By doppler effect:
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Subject matter
wherein the frequency shift of the received signal is
utilized to determine presence or movement.
Subclass:
95
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Returned signal used for control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
wherein the reflected wave effects the regulation,
energization, variation, de-energization, or some other
operation of a device.
(1) Note. The conventional energization of a mere
indicating or measuring instrument is not considered control
and is therefore insufficient basis for classification in
this subclass.
Subclass:
96
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
External device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
in which the device is not an integral part of the acoustic
wave transmitting or receiving apparatus.
Subclass:
97
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Receiver system:
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter
in which the device is a portion of the acoustic wave
receiver itself.
Subclass:
98
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Automatic gain or threshold control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter
in which the output signal level of the acoustic wave
receiver or the minimum response level of some part of the
receiver is controlled by the reflected wave.
Subclass:
99
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Distance or direction finding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter
in which the extent of linear and/or relative angular spacing
between an acoustic wave reflector and receiver is
determined.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 621 for acoustic
wave liquid level alarms.
Subclass:
100
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With correlation or matched filtering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
in which the degree of similarity between the transmitted and
received signals is measured by multiplying the signals
together and integrating the result, or in which a waveform
of known shape is separated from random perturbing noise by
optimal filtering.
Subclass:
101
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Frequency modulation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
in which the frequency of the transmitted acoustic waves is
varied repetitively.
Subclass:
102
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Linear modulation (e.g., sawtooth):
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Subject matter
in which the frequency increases or decreases repetitively at
a constant rate between repetitions.
Subclass:
103
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With beam steering, scanning, or focussing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
in which directional characteristics of a transmitter or
receiver are controlled so that the pattern of transmitted or
received acoustic wave energy is varied or caused to
converge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for beam stabilization or compensation.
Subclass:
104
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By transducer movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
wherein the transmitting or receiving element is caused to
change location or to turn about an axis.
(1) Note. Transducers which are fixed relative to a vehicle
and which only move by virtue of the movement of the vehicle
are not considered beam steering or scanning transducers of
this subclass type.
Subclass:
105
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer switching or gating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter
in which the directional characteristics are varied by
selectively or repetitively opening or closing the electric
signal path to the transducer.
Subclass:
106
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With towing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
in which at least a portion of the system is pulled or hauled
by a vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 242 for the towing, per se, of waterborne
devices.
Subclass:
107
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With indicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter
which includes a means for displaying the distance or
direction.
Subclass:
108
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Digital readout:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the indicator displays the distance or direction in
numerical (as opposed to analog) form.
Subclass:
109
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rotating lamp:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the display device comprises a light source which is
moved in a circular path.
Subclass:
110
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Color display:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the indication is presented in various wavelengths
of visible light.
Subclass:
111
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Luminous array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the display device comprises a plurality of light
emitting elements.
Subclass:
112
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Alarm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
which includes an alerting device (e.g., minimum depth
alarm).
Subclass:
113
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Cathode-ray tube:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the display device is an evacuated tube with a
luminescent screen activated by a controlled electron beam.
Subclass:
114
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Meter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the display device is a meter of the moving coil
type having a coil which pivots between permanent magnets,
e.g., a volt meter or ammeter.
Subclass:
115
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Permanent record:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
in which the display device provides a relatively
long-lasting display of a transient indication.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes,
for example, a moving stylus display device.
Subclass:
116
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Audible or tactile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
wherein the indication is presented in such a way as to be
perceivable through the sense of hearing or the sense of
touch.
Subclass:
117
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
PLURAL TRANSMITTERS TO RECEIVER OR TRANSMITTER TO PLURAL
RECEIVERS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising systems in which two or more
acoustic wave transmitters send acoustic signals to an
acoustic wave receiver-transducer, or in which an acoustic
wave transmitter sends acoustic signals to two or more
acoustic wave receiver-transducers.
Subclass:
118
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DISTANCE OR DIRECTION FINDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter in which the extent of linear and/or relative
angular spacing between an acoustic wave emitter and receiver
is determined.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass may determine
the range, azimuth and/or elevation of an acoustic wave
source.
(2) Note. The acoustic wave emitter need not be a part of
the distance and/or direction finding system itself.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 621 for acoustic
wave liquid level alarms.
Subclass:
119
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With beam steering, scanning, or focussing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
in which directional characteristics of the receiver are
controlled so that the directions of optimal reception are
varied or concentrated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for beam stabilization or compensation.
Subclass:
120
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By transducer movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
wherein the directional characteristics are varied by
changing the location of the transducer or by rotating it
about an axis.
Subclass:
121
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By electrical means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter
wherein the directional characteristics are varied or
concentrated by varying some functional characteristic of the
electrical circuitry associated with the transducer.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type may consist
of, for example, a plurality of transducers whose directions
of maximum sensitivity do not coincide and which are
connected to common signal processing circuitry in such a way
that signals from individual transducers may be selectively
attenuated to thereby effectively increase the sensitivity of
the whole receiver in directions corresponding to the
directions of maximum sensitivity of the transducer whose
signals are unattenuated.
Subclass:
122
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer switching or gating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein the directional characteristics are varied by
selectively or repetitively opening and closing the
electrical signal path from the transducer.
Subclass:
123
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With phase shifter or delay means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter
wherein the electrical circuitry associated with the
transducer includes means for changing the travel time of a
signal from the input of the means to its output.
Subclass:
124
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By combining or comparing signals:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
wherein a signal is derived from the combination of the
signals in two or more receiving channels (as by addition or
multiplication) or from the measurement of the degree of
similarity between such signals.
Subclass:
125
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Phase comparison and/or correlation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
in which the degree of similarity of received signals is
measured by multiplying the signals together and integrating
the results and/or by measuring the difference in phase
between them.
Subclass:
126
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Addition or subtraction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter
in which the combined signal is the result of the addition or
subtraction of a signal in one channel to or from,
respectively, a signal in another channel.
Subclass:
127
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With time interval measuring means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
in which the period of time elapsing between reception of
compressional wave signals at separate transducers is
measured.
Subclass:
128
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With electromagnetic wave:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
in which a signal is transmitted through space in the form of
electromagnetic waves.
Subclass:
129
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With plurality of transducers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
having two or more means to convert acoustic wave energy to
an electrical signal.
Subclass:
130
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With towing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
in which at least a portion of the distance and/or direction
finding device is pulled or hauled through the acoustic
medium by a vehicle which is specifically separated from the
device.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
114, Ships, 242 for the towing, per se, of waterborne
devices.
Subclass:
131
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
UNDERWATER SYSTEM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising an acoustic wave/electric signal
transducer electrically connected to signal processing
circuitry wherein the acoustic wave medium is water.
(1) Note. The electric signal processing circuitry of this
subclass type includes any circuit which is used to
deliberately alter the signal. Mere interconnection means
such as transducer leads do not constitute signal processing
circuitry of this subclass type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1 for sonar counter-measures.
2 for transponders.
3 for sonobuoy transponders.
7 for underwater acoustic image conversions.
12 for underwater beam stabilization or compensation.
15 for offshore prospecting.
87 for underwater echo systems.
117 for underwater plural transmitters to receiver or
transmitter to plural receivers system.
118 for underwater distance or direction finding.
141 for underwater transducers.
Subclass:
132
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Analog speech communication:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
in which continuous acoustic wave signals having an
amplitude, phase, or frequency proportional to voice
modulations are transmitted and/or received.
Subclass:
133
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Remote control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
wherein acoustic waves are transmitted to activate or
otherwise affect the operation of a device located at a
distance from the acoustic wave source.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for speech or sound responsive selective control.
Subclass:
134
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Telemetering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter
in which acoustic waves modulated by a specific source are
transmitted, received, and demodulated.
Subclass:
135
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
RECEIVER CIRCUITRY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means to convert acoustic energy
into electrical signals connected to electric signal
processing means.
(1) Note. The electric signal processing means of this
subclass type may, in conjunction with the transducer,
determine the presence or movement of an acoustic wave
emitter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for transmitter-receiver systems which determine presence
or movement of an acoustic wave reflector.
Subclass:
136
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Responsive to intruder energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter
wherein the circuitry is responsive to acoustic energy
generated by the emplacement of a body within the region of
sensitivity of the transducer.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes,
for example, intrusion alarms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
93 for intrusion alarms responsive to disturbances in an
acoustic wave field.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 566 for
nonacoustic wave-type vibration detectors used to detect the
intrusion or movement of a vibration producing body.
Subclass:
137
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
TRANSMITTER SYSTEMS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising electrical wave generating
circuitry coupled to an acoustic wave transducer-emitter.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 22 for a keyboard
controlled vibrating element for producing an encoded
electrical signal.
Subclass:
138
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With beam forming, shaping, steering, or scanning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
in which directional characteristics of the transmitter are
controlled so that the pattern of transmitted acoustic wave
energy is varied or caused to converge.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for beam stabilization or compensation.
Subclass:
139
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Animal control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter
in which the emitted energy is used to affect the behavior of
animals including insects and humans.
Subclass:
140
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter comprising means to convert energy in the form
of acoustic waves into energy in the form of electric signals
or vice versa.
(1) Note. The proximate functions of transducers
classifiable in this subclass or in the subclasses indented
hereunder limit them to use in acoustic wave systems of this
class type. For a complete search for similar transducers of
other or general utility, see the search notes to the
appropriate subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
141
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Underwater type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic waves propagate to or from the
transducer in water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, 570 for vibration sensing
apparatus utilized in the physical testing of materials.
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 27 for mechanical
submarine bells.
181, Acoustics, subclass .5 and 113-121 for miscellaneous
acoustical systems such as supersonic systems having
electroacoustical transducers.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric generators; and subclass 26 for
magnetostrictive generators.
Subclass:
142
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Exclusive-type transmitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
comprising transducers which are only capable of converting
electric signals into acoustic waves.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass type is
distinguished from the type of transducer which is capable of
converting electric signals into acoustic waves and vice
versa. Such transducers are excluded from this subclass and
the subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
143
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydraulically driven vibrator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein reactive masses are oscillated by fluid pressure.
Subclass:
144
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Air guns:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein compressed gases are released underwater creating a
travelling acoustic wave front in the water.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, 119 for similar subject matter which is not,
however, operated electrically.
Subclass:
145
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Explosives:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein a solid, liquid, or gas explosive is ignited
underwater to create a shock wave.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
181, Acoustics, subclass 116 for solid and liquid
explosives; and subclass 117 for gas explosives which are
ignited under water by other than electrical means for
acoustic effects.
Subclass:
146
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Implosive devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
which are submersed in water and produce acoustic waves
therein by abruptly reducing their volume.
Subclass:
147
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Spark discharge devices:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
wherein underwater transducer produces an electric spark in
the surrounding water which creates an acoustic shock wave.
Subclass:
148
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrically driven underwater bells or sirens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter
comprising either an electrically driven bell or an
electrically driven siren.
(1) Note. The sirens and bells, per se, of this subclass
type are of the type defined in subclasses 147 and 148,
respectively, of Class 116, Signals and Indicators.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 27 for mechanically
operated underwater bells and sirens.
Subclass:
149
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Exclusive-type receiver:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
comprising transducers which are only capable of converting
acoustic waves into electrical signals.
(1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass type is
distinguished from the type of transducer which is capable of
converting acoustic waves into electric signals and vice
versa. Such transducers are excluded from this subclass and
the subclasses indented hereunder.
Subclass:
150
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With modifying lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
combined with an acoustically transparent means which changes
the direction of a ray of acoustic wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 335
for piezoelectric-type acoustic wave transducers having
modifying lens.
Subclass:
151
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With reflector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
combined with an acoustically opaque means to change the
direction of a ray of acoustic wave energy.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 335
for piezoelectric-type acoustic wave transducers having
acoustic wave reflectors.
Subclass:
152
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With impedance matching means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
having means to mechanically couple the transucer to the
medium in which it is immersed in such a way as to permit the
maximum amount of energy transfer at selected wave lengths
beetween the transducer and the medium.
Subclass:
153
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural transducer array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
comprising a plurality of transducers having electrically
distinguishable inputs or outputs arranged in a definite
spatial relationship with respect to one another.
(1) Note. A plurality of spatially arranged transducer
elements having only one electrical output or input at which
the effects of the individual elements are indistinguishable
is considered to a unitary transducer and not an array of
this subclass type.
Subclass:
154
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Line array:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of transducers are structurally mounted
on or in a line.
Subclass:
155
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Piezoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter
wherein the transducers are of the piezoelectric type.
(1) Note. Piezoelectric transducers of this subclass type
are defined in subclass 157, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
157 piezoelectric underwater acoustical transducers, per se,
of this class type.
Subclass:
156
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Magnetostrictive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter
wherein the transducers are of the magnetostrictive type.
(1) Note. Magnetostrictive transducers of this subclass
type are defined in subclass 168, below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for underwater acoustical transducers, per se, of this
class type.
Subclass:
157
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Piezoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the energy is converted by a material which exhibits
an electrostatic polarization when subjected to mechanical
stress or which exhibits mechanical stress tending to produce
deflection, expansion, or contraction when subjected to
electrical stress.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for piezoelectric transducers of this class type not
limited to underwater use.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 311 for
piezoelectric elements and devices of general utility.
Subclass:
158
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Head and tail mass:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the piezoelectric element has a mass acting as a
driving or driven piston at one end of its axis and a
relatively stationary inertial mass at the other end.
Subclass:
159
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Elongated cylindrical element:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein piezoelectric matrial is in the shape of an elongated
cylinder.
Subclass:
160
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bending type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the mechanical stresses applied to or produced in the
piezoelectric element include a coplanar pair or oppositely
directed moments of mechanical force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses
330-332 for bending-type piezoelectric transducers of
general utility.
Subclass:
161
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Multimorph:
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter
having two piezoelectric elements so joined and oriented
relative to one another that one expands while the other
contracts to produce a bending-type stress in the composite
structure.
Subclass:
162
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With resonant or damping structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the piezoelectric element is combined with structure
whose natural frequency of vibration is disclosed as being
either the same as the operating frequency of the element or
such as to absorb or attenuate undesired wave energy
emanating from or applied to the piezoelectric element.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses
321-327 for similar subject matter of general utility.
Subclass:
163
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With diaphragm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
having a flexible member which couples vibrations in an
acoustic medium to or from the piezoelectric element.
Subclass:
164
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Single element having a plurality of electrodes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein a plurality of electrodes on its surface form a
plurality of discrete radiating areas.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 366
for similar subject matter of general utility.
Subclass:
165
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specific support structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
having specific means to support the piezoelectric
transducer.
(1) Note. For purpose of classification in this subclass,
the support structure must be more than nominally recited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
173 for nonpiezoelectric transducer having similar support
structure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, 348 for
supports for piezoelectric elements of general utility.
Subclass:
166
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid filled:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein the transducer is filled with a liquid for
transmitting acoustic wave to or from a fluid medium.
Subclass:
167
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Pressure compensating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to counteract the effects on the
transducer of the static pressure of the surrounding water.
Subclass:
168
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Magnetostrictive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the acoustic wave energy causes or is caused by
changes in the dimensions or internal stresses of a
ferromagnetic material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 26
for magnetostrictive transducers of general utility.
Subclass:
169
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Elongated continuous type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein a single transducer is composed of multiple
transducer elements spaced from one another in extended
linear or arcuate formats.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for similar arrays of a multiplicity of functionally
distinct transducers.
Subclass:
170
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electret:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein acoustic wave energy acts on or is caused by a
dielectric body having separated, permanent electric poles of
opposite polarity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 400 for electrets, per se.
Subclass:
171
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid filled transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the transducer is filled with an acoustically
transparent liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for fluid-filled piezoelectric transducers.
Subclass:
172
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer with pressure compensating means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein means is provided to counteract the effects on the
transducer of the static pressure of the surrounding water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for similar pressure compensating means combined with
piezoelectric transducers.
Subclass:
173
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer with support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
having specific means to support the transducer.
(1) Note. For purposes of classification in this subclass,
the support structure must be more than nominally recited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for similar subject matter wherein the transducer is of
the piezoelectric type.
Subclass:
174
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer with diaphragm:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
having a flexible member which couples vibrations in an
acoustic medium to or from the transducer element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163 for similar subject matter wherein the transducer is of
the piezoelectric type.
Subclass:
175
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Diaphragm with electric driving coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter
wherein the diaphragm is driven by an electromagnetic coil.
Subclass:
176
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer with resonant or damping structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter
wherein the transducer element is combined with structure
whose natural frequency of vibration is disclosed as being
either the same as the operating frequency of the element or
such as to absorb to attenuate undesired wave energy
emanating from or applied to the element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162 for similar subject matter wherein the transducer
element is piezoelectric.
Subclass:
177
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Towed land cables:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
comprising a plurality of transducers mounted in or on a
cable-like structure which supports the transducers for
movement with the cable-like structure.
Subclass:
178
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Receivers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
for use in acoustic wave systems to convert acoustic wave
energy into electrical energy.
Subclass:
179
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Pendulum type:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein a body suspended from a fixed point swings in an
arcuate manner in response to incident acoustic wave energy.
Subclass:
180
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Piezoelectric:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein acoustic wave energy is converted into electrical
energy by a material which exhibits an electrostatic
polarization when subjected to mechanical stress.
Subclass:
181
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Capactive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
comprising an electrical capacitor whose electrical
parameters are varied by changes in its mechanical parameters
brought about by acoustic wave energy.
(1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes,
for example, two spaced plates connectible in an electrical
circuit, whose spacing is varied by the force of incident
acoustic wave.
Subclass:
182
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving coil:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
in which acoustic wave forces move an electric coil relative
to a ferromagnetic core so as to induce electric signals in
the coil.
Subclass:
183
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Spider spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
having resilient means to support the coil radially with
respect to the core in such a way as to permit relative
movement of the coil axially with respect to the core.
Subclass:
184
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having arcuate movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Subject matter
wherein the coil is supported for angular movement about an
axis spaced from and transverse to the axis of the coil.
Subclass:
185
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Moving magnet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
wherein acoustic wave forces move a permanent magnet relative
to an electric coil in such a way as to induce an electric
signal in the coil.
Subclass:
186
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having arcuate movement:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
wherein the magnet is supported for angular movement about an
axis spaced from and transverse to the axis of the coil.
Subclass:
187
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Spider spring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter
having resilient means to support the magnet radially with
respect to the coil in such a way as to permit relative
movement of the magnet axially with respect to the coil.
Subclass:
188
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Casing or housing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Subject matter
provided with enclosure means to separate the transducer from
its environment.
Subclass:
189
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vibrator-type transmitter:
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter
comprising generators of long trains of periodic acoustic
waves.
Subclass:
190
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With feedback control:
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Subject matter
in which a portion of the output of the generator is used to
control the operation of the generator itself.
Subclass:
191
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
MISCELLANEOUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter not provided for by any of the preceding
subclasses.
Subclass:
197
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SELECTIVE (E.G., REMOTE CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subject matter for controlling the operation of one or more
devices to obtain a plurality of results by transmission of a
designated one of plural distinctive acoustic control signals
over a smaller number of communications channels than the
number of distinct results.
(1) Note. Included herein are plural addressable receiving
devices.
(2) Note. Underwater remote control is excluded from this
subclass, and is classified in subclass 133.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for selective control of acoustic well logging.
65 for selective control of the gain of a land reflection
type signal analyses and/or correction in seismic
prospecting.
84 and 85, for valve control in acoustic wellbore
telemetry.
95 for acoustic echo systems where the returned signal is
used for selective control.
133 for underwater selective remote control.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 825 for similar subject
matter using communication lines other than acoustical, and
the search notes thereto for other pertinent subject matter.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
142 for selective optical remote control.
Subclass:
198
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Humanly generated sound or speech responsive (e.g., human
whistle):
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter
in which the control signals are actuated or modified in
accordance with an audible mechanical vibration produced by a
human being.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
subclass 110 for voice controlled audio signal systems.
Subclass:
199
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Frequency responsive actuation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Subject matter
wherein each control signal is a vibratory wave having a
distinctive frequency characteristic.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
subclass 110 for voice controlled audio signal systems.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published
disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the
electroacoustic communication art which do not form
appropriate bases for subclasses in the foregoing
classification.All copies of U.S. patents to be found in the
following subclasses are cross-reference copies, the
originals of which appear in the foregoing subclasses or
elsewhere.Therefore, these cross-reference art collections
serve primarily either as a starting point in searching this
class or an indication of further fields of search inside or
outside the class. In no case should any of these
collections be considered exhaustive of the subject matter
provided for by them.
Subclass:
900
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SONAR TIME VARIED GAIN CONTROL SYSTEM:
Sonar systems in which the amplification factor of a receiver
is changed as a function of expected attenuation of the
received signal.
Subclass:
901
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
NOISE OR UNWANTED SIGNAL REDUCTION IN NONSEISMIC RECEIVING
SYSTEM:
Receiving systems other than those used for detecting
acoustic waves in earth wherein the effects of interference
are diminished or compensated for.
(1) Note. Excluded from this collection are conventional
filtering techniques, time varied gain control systems, and
side lobe reduction systems which are provided for in other
cross-reference art collections in this class.
Subclass:
902
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SPEED OF SOUND COMPENSATION:
Acoustic wave echo systems or distance and direction finding
systems wherein correction is made for errors which would
otherwise be introduced by variations in the propagation of
acoustic waves.
Subclass:
903
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
TRANSMIT-RECEIVE CIRCUITRY:
Acoustic wave echo systems which permit alternate projection
and detection of acoustic wave energy while using a single
transducer.
Subclass:
904
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DOPPLER COMPENSATION SYSTEMS:
Acoustic wave systems wherein correction is provided for
errors which would otherwise occur because of an apparant
frequency shift in an acoustic wave due to relative movement
between source and receiver.
Subclass:
905
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SIDE LOBE REDUCTION OR SHADING:
Acoustic wave echo systems or distance and direction finding
systems in which signals received from portions of a
transducer array other than the main lobe are diminished or
eliminated, the directive pattern of an array being modified
by adjusting the distribution of signal phase and/or
amplitude over the array.
Subclass:
906
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
AIRBORNE SHOCK-WAVE DETECTION:
Acoustic wave systems for detecting airborne acoustic waves
generated by the movement of a ballistic missile, projectile,
or other shock-wave generating device through the air.
Subclass:
907
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
COORDINATE DETERMINATION:
Acoustic wave echo systems or distance or direction finding
systems in which the receiving system produces at least a
pair of numbers which define the location of the source
(e.g., numbers representing ordinate and abscissa or range
and bearing).
Subclass:
908
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
MATERIAL LEVEL DETECTION, E.G., LIQUID LEVEL:
Acoustic wave echo systems in which the reflector is a fluent
material contained in a vessel.
Subclass:
909
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
COLLISION AVOIDANCE:
Acoustic wave echo systems or distance or direction finding
systems for providing advance warning or impending impact of
relatively moving objects.
Subclass:
910
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
PORTABLE SONAR DEVICES:
Acoustic wave echo systems or distance and direction finding
systems which are made to be carried and operated by one
person.
Subclass:
911
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
PARTICULAR WELL-LOGGING APPARATUS:
Subject matter comprising wellhole data acquisition systems
using specific logging apparatus.
Subclass:
912
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Particular Transducer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 911. Subject matter
wherein the system uses a specific type of acoustic
transducer to transmit and/or receive seismic waves.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000