U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division |
2000 ARCHIVE COPY
U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 264
PLASTIC AND NONMETALLIC ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING:
PROCESSES
Class Definition:
This is a generic class for:
(1) Processes for molding, casting, or shaping of nonmetallic
materials to produce articles.
(2) Liquid or melt comminuting of materials other than glass
or metal.
(3) Uniting or compacting of bulk or randomly assembled
particles.
(4) Furnace Lining or repair.
(5) Melt shaping in the absence of a mold or shaping surface,
e.g., spheroidizing of particles.
(6) Working or treatment of nonmetallic materials not
otherwise provided for.
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
(1) This is a generic class for processes for molding,
casting or the plastic shaping, not provided for in any other
class, of miscellaneous nonmetallic materials to make or
reproduce articles of a definite shape, or the shaping and
embossing of sheets of miscellaneous nonmetallic materials,
not otherwise provided for.
The common property of plasticity renders molding operations
of chief importance in this class.
Where there exists an art class that can properly include all
operations preliminary to a broad molding step, such
operations, unless otherwise specified will be classified in
such class. Where significant molding steps are combined
with any other operations, the patents claiming such
combinations, unless otherwise provided for will be included
in this class and cross-referenced into the other class or
classes involved. Note the lines between this class and
other classes as set out below.
Where there is no class which could include such operations,
the entire preparation of the material is included in this
class, but only those are included in which the preliminary
operations are performed for the purpose of preparing the
material for molding. See the search notes below and the
references to other classes for the shaping of specific
materials, e.g., paper, sugar, tobacco, etc.
This class will take processes under the class definition,
and where not otherwise specifically provided for, in which
normally liquid materials are encapsulated. In general, this
class will provide for processes in which the covering,
encompassing or encasing material is formed or shaped from
material in a fluent state.
(2) This is the generic class for processes, not elsewhere
provided for, for shaping of material by a comminution or
disintegration thereof from a molten or liquid state, wherein
the cohesive nature of the material, per se, especially in
the comminuted state during solidification thereof influences
the shape or configuration of the discrete particles or
elements formed. See subclass 5 and the notes thereto for
the lines with other classes. For liquid comminution of
glass or other vitreous materials and for comminution of
liquid metal, see References to Other Classes, below.
(3) The uniting of bulk assembled particulate material either
autogenously (see specific references to glass particles and
metal particles below) or with added binder or adhesive in a
mold or on a shaping surface are included herein, except
those processes in which the mold constitutes nothing more
than a depository and the particulate material charge is not
disclosed to be shaped by said mold or depository prior to
heating but changes its bulk shape only on fusion or melting
to assume the configuration of said depository. See Lines
With Other Classes below, with regard to mold filling or
charging.
This class has been made the generic home for methods of
compacting and briquetting bulk deposited or handled powdered
or particulate matter usually predicated on the production of
an interfacial bond between the individual particles.
However, see References to Other Classes below for classes
that take (1) agglomerating from finely divided solid
nonmetallic, inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no
binder, per se, is employed; (2) compacting by mechanical
interlock such as results from a baling operation; and (3)
mechanical forming of a distilland combined with a
thermolytic distilling operation.
This class (264) will accommodate such subject matter only
where the resulting compact tends to hold its shape as the
result of an interfacial bond between adjacent particles of
the mass. Since powder, granules and dust are not
characterized by projecting portions which could facilitate a
bonding by mechanical interlock, a disclosure or claim
restricted to such types of particulate material is regarded
as evidence that the product is rendered self-sustaining by
interfacial bonding.
With regard to glass particle uniting, in particular, a
patent reciting placing of glass particles other than glass
fibers or mineral wool in their final position in a mold,
followed by autogenous uniting or sintering or fusion in the
configuration or shape imparted by said mold, will be
classified in this class (264) whether or not said particles
are disclosed to maintain their individual identities to any
degree. See References to Other Classes, below, for for
processes including a glass working step as therein defined,
and for the line where glass fibers or mineral wool are
placed onto a mold surface which fibers or mineral wool
particles are heated on or subsequent to contact with the
surface to fuse the particles with each other.
4) This class will be considered generic to processes for
furnace lining formation or repair. (See Subclass References
to the Current Class, below.)
5) This class will take shaping of molten materials where no
mold or molding surface, per se, is employed, e. g.,
spheroidizing or rounding of particles, see this class,
subclass 15 and the notes thereto.
6) This class will take treatment of nonmetallic materials
not otherwise provided for. See the notes to Lines With Other
Classes, "Treatment of Shaped Articles," and Subclass
References to the Current Class, below. Patents disclosing
working, mulling or kneading, per se, of plastic materials
will go to this class except where specific materials are
recited.
Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of a
significant molding step will bring a patent to this class.
Significant molding operations include named injection
molding, centrifugal casting, slush casting, casting of
fluids on a forming surface to form a sheet or web,
"spinning" into a specifically named bath as set out below,
evaporative or solvent extractive "spinning" and combinations
of two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other
combinations as set out herein.
Such terms as "molding", "casting" (used generically)
"extruding", "sheeting" and "forming" are considered to be
merely broad or nominal operations for purposes of this
class.
The intent must also be considered. If, for example,
"extruding" is for discharging material from a chamber in
chunks or gobs rather than for shaping, this is not enough
for this class.
The production of "shapes" merely suitable for handling or
bulk shipping, e.g., "sheets" or "sheeting" of no particular
structure will not be considered significant molding in a,
per se, operation. Also, where articles identified by name
only are produced, a process will not be considered
significant for this class unless there are included
limitations and/or modifications unique to molding or shaping
said named article.
This class will take combinations of broad molding plus
preliminary physical or mechanical treatment wherein said
treatment is disclosed to perfect the molding.
Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent
to a broad molding step, e.g., extruding or "spinning" plus
stretching, casting with removal of solvent from the cast
liquid and heating subsequent to removal of a molded article
from the mold to complete cure or to vulcanize, will be
placed in this class. Nominal return to ambient temperature
is not considered to be an after treatment or a subsequent
treatment within the scope outlined here.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
GENERAL LINES
A process including a Class 264 molding step, combined with a
separate assembly step, which assembly, if claimed, per se,
would be proper for Class 29, is classified in Class 29.
Processes of forming single-crystals combined with
simultaneous shaping are provided for in Class 117, except
for the molding of non-semiconductor metal materials which
are found in Class 164, subclasses 122.1+, also see Class 117
definitions.
A. LINES WITH THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CLASSES
(As employed in this section, the term "composition" is
intended to include both mixtures of ingredients and
compounds, per se, e.g., Classes 106, 208, 252, 423, 424,
520, 585, etc.)
1) Patents limited to process claims reciting a broad or
nominal molding step only.
a) Where a composition, per se, is molded and there is no
disclosure as to a chemical reaction being present, the
patent will go to this class (264).
b) Where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending of
ingredients to form a composition of matter is recited to
take place in a mold or during the molding or shaping step,
the patent will go to the composition class, even if
temperature and pressure conditions are set out.
c) Similarly, where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending
of ingredients to form a composition is recited to take place
prior to the nominal shaping or molding step, the patent will
go to the composition class.
2) Patents containing both composition claims and process
claims reciting nominal molding only.
a) Patents containing both claims to a composition and also
claims reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition
will go with the composition class.
b)Patents containing both claims to a composition and claims
reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition wherein
there is a chemical reaction, blending or mixing of
ingredients of said composition during or prior to the
molding step, will go to the composition class, even if
temperature or pressure conditions are set out.
c) Where patents contain both claims to a composition and
claims reciting a nominal or broad molding of said
composition, per se, and there is no disclosure of any
chemical reaction taking place, and specific temperature
and/or pressure conditions are set out, the patent will go to
this class (264).
3) When there is doubt that a chemical reaction, mixing or
blending of ingredients takes place, the burden of proof
shall rest with this class.
4) When there is a significant molding step in a claim
reciting a process for preparation of a composition even
where a chemical reaction is set out, the patent will go to
this class (264).
5) This class will take patents reciting the "spinning",
e.g., the extruding of a settable material through a shaping
orifice into a coagulating bath provided said bath is named
or described or at least one ingredient of said bath is set
out. Patents claiming only a specific setting bath
composition will be classified herein in an appropriate
subclass according to the disclosed utility thereof, provided
the only disclosed utility for said setting bath composition
is for such a purpose. See the notes and search notes to
this class (264), subclass 78 with regard to incorporation of
a dyeing agent or color producing reactant in the setting
bath.
The recitation of "acidic" bath, per se, will not be
considered sufficient but setting out of a particular pH or
pH range of said "acidic" bath will be deemed significant for
this purpose.
6) Where a claim recites treatment, per se, of articles which
involves a chemical reaction, e.g., vulcanization or
polymerization to final cure, and also includes a particular
manipulative or handling step or specific shape retaining or
supporting step, the patent will be placed in this class; see
subclasses 236 and 347 of this class (264) in particular.
7) Where the treatment, per se, of compositions is a working,
kneading or mulling, see the line set out in this class (264)
subclass 349.
8) The process of preparing a ceramic or concrete block which
includes mixing ingredients, shaping broadly and removal from
molds of the shaped bodies followed by firing to fuse or
sinter the composition or treatment with steam will go with
the appropriate composition, e.g., Class 106, even though a
particular temperature or pressure nominally applied is
recited. However, the recitation of particular molding
conditions or conditions of firing other than temperature or
pressure such as, for example, use of an inert atmosphere,
would place such process in this class (264). Firing a
preform in a controlled atmosphere is appropriate subject
matter for this class (264).
Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 39+
takes ceramic compositions, per se, and processes for
preparation thereof including firing at specific temperatures
for specific time periods. However, this class (264) takes
processes of firing a preform under certain conditions, see
the line as set out in the notes and search notes to
subclasses 603+ of this class (264).
9) See Class 252, Compositions, subclasses 62.51+ and notes
thereto for magnetic compositions and methods for preparation
thereof which do not include a significant molding step.
10) The line between Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic
Compounds, subclasses 445+ and this class for processes
including both molding and carbonizing is as follows: (a)
where significant molding occurs prior to a step or steps of
carbonizing which make carbon as provided for in Class 423,
the process is placed in Class 423, subclasses 445+ unless
the process is recited to produce an article of sufficient
structure to be classified in a class providing for the
structurally defined article (e.g., 428, etc.) in which
latter case the process is placed in this class (e.g.,
molding a fiber with enlarged portions on the ends); and (b)
where the molding takes place after carbonizing the line as
set forth above in (1) to (6) will apply.
B. MOLD CHARGING OR FILLING
In general, the combination of a mold filling step plus a
significant molding step will bring a patent to this class.
However, the mere recitation of filling, per se, of a
container or a mold with an incidentally hardenable or
settable fluent material will not be sufficient to bring a
patent into this class, unless the container or mold is set
out to have a particular shape or configuration so as to
impart said shape or configuration to the enclosed material,
particularly when said container or mold is subsequently
removed or stripped from the enclosed material. See the
definitions and search notes of Class 141, Fluent Material
Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,
particularly in the Class Definition, section III, (3) and
Class 222, Dispensing, sections 8 and 14.
C. GLASS MANUFACTURING
Other than bonding of glass particulate material under
conditions as set out above in the definitions on particle
uniting, any working of glass type materials in the plastic
state including liquid comminuting thereof, pore forming,
reshaping, autogenous bonding of glass particles, etc., will
be classifiable in Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, and
reference is made to the definitions of Class 65 for the line
between this class and Class 65.
In general, the following will apply:
A patent disclosing working or treating of named materials
for both this class and Class 65 will be classified in this
class unless the only claimed species is glass or the only
specific example relates to glass in which case the patent
will go to Class 65. A patent claiming a combined process
for this class and Class 65 will be classified in Class 65.
Class 65 will take formation of filaments and fibers from
molten vitreous materials, e.g., glass. However, this class
(264) will take processes directed to formation of filaments
from siliceous materials in solution, e.g., silicates by
precipitation from said solution or evaporation of solvent
therefrom.
D. ADHESIVE BONDING
Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, is the residual home for uniting preforms. This
class (264) provides for uniting plural preforms under at
least one of the following circumstances:
1) At least one of the preforms is reduced to a fluent state
in a mold or confined molding space.
2) Joining preforms and simultaneously reshaping the joint by
plastic flow.
3) Preforms are united by bonding material in which:
a) the preforms are spaced apart and fluent bonding material
is thereafter introduced between them, or
b) fluent bonding material is shaped or retained between
spaced preforms by a mold element, or
c) fluent bonding material is shaped and retained between
preforms by a preform and has means to maintain a
predetermined space between the preforms or
d) the preforms are of porous material, e.g., batts, mats or
woven fabric united in a mold and fluent bonding material is
used in quantity sufficient to fill the mold cavity and
interstices of the porous material.
4) This class (264) provides for uniting running length
preforms united in a die under the limitations of A, B, and C
above except that if running length strands or webs are
bonded and sheathed in a die by a coating operation, i.e.,
the bonding material is applied at hydrostatic pressure, the
method is provided for in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and
Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.
5) Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, provides for: (a) uniting preforms where one
preforms is forced into another preform, as long as both
preforms are unaltered in shape other than that which results
from displacement of material due to the insertion of the
preform. (b) stretching or drawing a self sustaining sheet
into contact with a preform body and uniting the contacting
surfaces. (c) all tire building processes which include a
step of "building" or bringing preformed tire components into
assembled relationship.
E. METAL WORKING OR SHAPING
The general line between this class and the metal working or
shaping classes will be as follows;
1) Where the claims recite deformation of materials broadly,
the disclosure setting out both metals and nonmetals, the
patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.
2) Where the claims are limited to deformation of metals
only, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working
class.
3) Where the claims are limited to deformation or shaping of
nonmetals only within the class definition, the patent will
go to this class (264).
4) Where there is a claim drawn to a metal and an equally
comprehensive and mutually exclusive claim drawn to a
nonmetal only, the patent will go to the appropriate metal
working class.
5) Where deformation of both a metal and a nonmetal are
included in the same claim, the patent will go to the
appropriate metal working class, e.g., Class 29, Metal
Working, depending on the claim as set out, with plural
diverse operations generally going to Class 29.
6) Where the claim is broad or nondefinitive as to material,
the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class, as
stated above, and this will include disclosures of deforming:
(A) A laminate of a metal with a nonmetal; (B) A "composite
material" such as a metal - nonmetal article or workpiece
except where by disclosure only the nonmetal component is
deformed or shaped.
7) Where a process as set out above and not otherwise coming
to this class is concerned and which involves plural diverse
operations, the patent will go to Class 29 or a successor
class except where subordinate classes could provide for
certain diverse operations.
8) Where a patent recites casting or shaping of metal mold
together with the use of said mold in shaping materials,
e.g., synthetic resins, the combination will be considered
classifiable in this class (264).
F. COATING
1) Coating, per se, Processes of coating, per se, are
classified in Class 427, Coating Processes, if not more
specifically provided for elsewhere. Two species of coating,
per se, are provided for in this class (264). (1) Furnace
lining formation or repair by a coating process is provided
for in Class 264, subclass 30. (2) The formation of pipe
coating by troweling is provided for in Class 264,
appropriate subclasses.
2) Coating and Shaping Distinguished Processes of coating,
per se, may be distinguished from processes of shaping, per
se, by application of the following guides:
a) The claimed process of applying a fluent material to a
self-sustaining body supported by a disclosure that upon
setting of the fluent material the self-sustaining body is to
be separated (e.g., stripped) therefrom to form from said
fluent material an article intended for subsequent use, is
considered shaping and not coating. In the absence of any
clear disclosure of separating the process constitutes
coating, per se. A claimed process directed to contacting a
base with a fluent material but supported by a disclosure of
both stripping and nonstripping is originally classified as
directed to a process of coating, per se, and is
cross-referenced to this class (264). Contacting a base with
a fluent material combined with the claimed step of stripping
is a shaping process.
b) The process of applying a fluent material to a
self-sustaining base in which the extent of lateral
displacement of the fluent material is determined by a dam or
retaining wall is considered shaping and not coating. The
retaining wall may either unite with the fluent material to
form a composite article or may be independent of the article
formed. The application of fluent material to a base uniting
therewith to form a layered article which base is of such
configuration that it could serve as a retaining wall but
does not actually so function, is considered a process of
coating and not shaping.
c) The line with regard to shaping a layer of material about
an indefinite length preform as it advances through a shaping
orifice is as follows: Class 264 provides for advancing a
preform through an orifice and simultaneously and positively
forcing shaping material through said orifice so as to shape
the material around the preform as it issues from the
orifice. Class 427 provides for drawing a preform through a
coating material and then through a shaping orifice to shape
the coating material adhering to the preform.
d) Where a patent contains a claim for a process, of Class
264 and an equally comprehensive claim of Class 427 the
patent shall be assigned to Class 427 and cross referenced to
Class 264.
3) Coating and Shaping Combined.
a) Processes including shaping or molding followed by a
significant coating procedure where the mere fact of molding
or shaping a body is claimed are construed as processes of
coating previously shaped bodies and are classified as
processes of coating, per se.
b) Processes of forming pipe coatings combined with troweling
are included in this class (264).
c) See this class (264), subclass 129, Note (1), for a
discussion of shaping and coating combinations not included
in a) or b).
4) Coating and Firing Combined Processes including the
combination of firing and coating, regardless of the sequence
of the respective steps, are classified in Class 427.
G. ARTICLES
This class does not take patents having article claims.
Specific articles are classified with the respective arts to
which they apply. Articles of specific configuration or
structure produced by methods of this class, of plastic
materials within the class definition, and of no particular
art used or form which would be otherwise classified, e.g.,
stock materials, are provided for in Class 428 Stock Material
or Miscellaneous Articles. Articles of no significant
structure, identifiable otherwise by the chemical structure,
identifiable otherwise by the chemical structure or
composition thereof, per se, are classifiable with the
compound or composition. Composite articles produced by the
methods of this class may be analogous in structure to those
produced by coating or laminating procedures and Class 428,
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, is pertinent
thereto.
H. TREATMENT OF SHAPED ARTICLES
This class will take miscellaneous treatments, per se, of
shaped nonmetallic articles unless said treatment is
otherwise provided for in a proper functional art class. See
this class (264) subclass 340 and the notes and search notes
thereto and to the indented subclasses.
I. FOR PROCESSES OF MOLDING OR SHAPING OTHER SPECIFIC
ARTICLES OR MATERIALS IN CLASSES NOT SET OUT ABOVE,
MISCELLANEOUS SEARCH NOTES, AND INDEX TO CLASSES REFERRED TO
ABOVE:
See References to Other Classes, below.
J. HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE CONTAINMENT
See References to Other Classes, below.
K. CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES
Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se,
are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations
set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the
encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of
urea and hydrogen peroxide is classified in Class 564,
subclass 32, urea and an organic compound in Class 564,
subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536, subclass 112,
etc. Where a patent does not state that a material is either
a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that
the material is either a coated or encapsulated product
classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 see the notes and search notes for classes which provide
for furnaces and furnace lining.
103 for processes under the class definition which include a
step of twining, braiding, plying or twisting multiple
elements about each other or the step of textile fabric
formation.
232 340+ and 349, see the notes for treatment of nonmetallic
materials not otherwise provided for. See particularly the
notes to subclass 349 for patents disclosing working, mulling
or kneading, per se, of plastic materials will go to this
class except where specific materials are recited.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
12, Boot and Shoe Making, for the making of shoes from
preformed sheets or blanks and processes of making shoes
involving one or more of the following operations recited
broadly; molding, casting, vulcanizing.
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, 144 as the generic home
for bringing fibers together either with relation to each
other or with some other material.
23, Chemistry: Analytical and Physical Processes, 313 take
agglomerating from finely divided solid nonmetallic,
inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no binder, per se,
is employed.
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, 71 for apparatus for
stretching a running web of natural or synthetic cloth.
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, 118 and 121 for making tampons
or wads of compacted material.
29, Metal Working, Lines With Other Classes, "Metal Working
or Shaping, " above.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
processes of drying of organic and inorganic plastic
materials, per se. Generally the combination of forming by a
Class 264 operation and drying is classified in Class 264
except where a filament is formed by a spinning operation
which is not significantly claimed and the product dried in a
significantly claimed manner, which operation is provided for
in Class 34.
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 550 for a solid fuel
consolidation or shaping process which goes beyond mere
molding of a starting composition, especially subclasses 596+
for a process which includes pressing using a specified
condition or technique.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for a process of forming an abrasive tool.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for various molding
processes there provided for and see the notes to subclass 31
of Class 264 for the line between these classes.
53, Package Making, 452 for processes of shaping preformed
material to form a receptacle and subsequently filling. This
class (264) provides for processes wherein a cover material,
i.e., primary encompassing or encasing material, is shaped
from a material in a fluent or nonpreformed plastic state
preliminarily to or simultaneously with a packaging
operation; where a laminating step, e.g., cut seaming, is
included in any stage of this indicated procedure, the
process is provided for in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and
Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture. The formation of cover
adjuncts, as defined in that class (53), by a molding
operation is provided for Class 53, subclasses 410+ (in
particular, see subclass 423).
57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclass 362
for twining and twisting of filaments and fibers, per se.
See Subclass References to the Current Class, above.
62, Refrigeration, for processes involving solidifying a
fluid by cooling and molding which are peculiar to forming an
ice (H2O or CO2) product and utilizing a liquid as the raw
material. See this class, subclass 604 for other molding
processes including a step of cooling the molded material to
below 0 deg.C.
65, Glass Manufacturing, for liquid comminution of glass or
other vitreous materials, and for processes including a glass
working step as therein defined, and Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class in Class 65 for the line where glass
fibers or mineral wool are placed onto a mold surface which
fibers or mineral wool particles are heated on or subsequent
to contact with the surface to fuse the particles with each
other.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 331 for comminution of liquid
metal.
69, Leather Manufactures, for processes of embossing and
shaping leather.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures.
76, Metal Tools and Implements, Making, 101.1 for processes
which may include a plastic working step.
79, Button Making, for processes there provided for which may
include a plastic molding step.
83, Cutting, for processes of, per se, cutting, severing, or
incising. Cutting of a material with reshaping flow of the
material is provided for in this class (264); although a
disclosure of an inherent flow of material in the act of
cutting, is not considered sufficient shaping for inclusion
in this class. See the notes to Class 83, Class Definition,
B, Cutting of green ceramic, earthenware, or cemetitious
preformed material, with or without reshaping the material,
is provided for in this class (264).
100, Presses, 35 for processes for compressing various
materials there provided for to form compacts of smaller
volume. The shaping of materials to produce articles by
molecular flow is generically in this class (264) where the
materials are nonmetallic. Class 100 takes compacting by
mechanical interlock, such as a bailing operation.
100, Presses, 35 takes compacting by mechanical interlock
such as results from a baling operation.
101, Printing, subclass 17 and 32 for processes for
producing characters or designs by means of printing dies
adapted to deform the material.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical
Composition Classes" section 8.
127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, subclass 59 for
processes directed to be crystallization of sugar in molds.
131, Tobacco, appropriate subclasses, for shaping tobacco
products and see especially 77 for processes for molding or
otherwise forming tobacco in the manufacture of cigarettes
and cigars.
141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means, Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, "Mold Charging or Filling."
144, Woodworking, subclass 358 for processes for impressing,
indenting or raising-in-relief for ornamentation of wood
materials, and subclasses 349 and 381 for processes for
bending wood.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Adhesive
Bonding, above.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, for processes of
forming an interfelted fibrous product by deposition from a
liquid suspension and also processes of fiber liberation.
Shaping or reshaping of a fibrous water laid product which is
still wet from the forming operation is provided for in Class
162, while rewetting a dried product before reshaping or
shaping dry to form a noncommercial product is in Class 264.
Processes wherein destruction of the product of a Class 162
forming operations are found in Class 264. Chemically
liberating, purifying or recovering fibers followed by a
Class 264 shaping operation is found in Class 264.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 6 for processes of making
mold, generally of sand, to be used in a metal casting
operation and subclasses 47+ for metal casting operation.
Class 164, subclasses 91+ provide for processes of casting
metal around a nonmetallic body. That class (164) also
provides for a Class 264 operation followed by a Class 164
step.
166, Wells, 285 for processes of cementing a well.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 take
mechanical forming of a distilland combined with a
thermolytic distilling operation.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave processes involving an
application of electrical or wave energy to effect a chemical
reaction, per se, and also processes involving
electrophoresis.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, see Lines With
Other Classes, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes"
above.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, Lines With Other
Classes, Chemical Manufactures, Part A, paragraph 2 for
detailed line between this Class 264 and Class 216..
222, Dispensing, see Lines With Other Classes, "Mold Charging
and Filling" above.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, for coiling or
uncoiling an elongated material to or from storage, or for
making a definite length article.
249, Static Molds, appropriate subclasses, for static molding
apparatus.
252, Compositions, see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" 9.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical
Composition Classes" above.
366, Agitating, 69 for the method of working and kneading of
rubber or heavy plastic. Such working or kneading combined
with shaping or treating steps is provided for in Class 264.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 72 for a road
making process which may include a molding step. See Class
264, subclass 31 for the line between Classes 264 and 404.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical
Composition Classes" above.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
1.11, 2+, 40+, and 400+ for class defined compositions and
methods comprising shaped or special form structures. Also
note discussion in the class definition for Class 264 in
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With
the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, especially 276, 279+, 297,
337, 414, and 512+ for processes involving the molding or
shaping edible material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Articles." above.
432, Heating, subclass 13 for a residual process for the
melting, per se, of solid material.
433, Dentistry, subclass 214 for processes for taking
impressions in the mouth which may include a molding step.
434, Education and Demonstration, 81 for processes for
teaching sculpturing there provided for which may include a
molding step.
493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other
Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for combined operations in
the manufacture of an article of commerce from paper or other
sheet or web material and particularly 395 for bending of a
sheet or web without thinning or thickening flow of the
material.
505, Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, 300 for processes of producing high temperature
(T[subscrpt]c[end subscrpt] > 30 K) superconductors;
particularly subclass 401 for shock processing, subclass 412
for laser ablative removal, subclass 425 for shaping
particulate by spraying, dropping, or slinging of solution,
suspension, or melt; or subclasses 490+ for shaping,
consolidating, or sintering processes.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural, Rubbers, see Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical
Composition Classes" above.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical
Composition Classes" above.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 249
for the containment of hazardous or toxic waste by molding
or shaping.
GLOSSARY:
BATT
A term of art for a web or sheet of material generally formed
by random interfelting of mass deposited discrete fibers or
from tangled or matted filaments, e.g., cotton batting.
BENDING
Distorting or deforming of a workpiece or self sustaining
body by curving or moving a portion thereof through its
entire thickness relative to another portion during which the
thickness thereof remains substantially the same and no
significant plastic flow occurs.
CASTING
A process of molding or forming wherein impressions are made
with fluent or molten materials as by pouring into a mold
with hardening or setting of said material in said mold.
EXTRUDANT
A shaped body of material formed by forcing a supply of said
material through a confining orifice whereby the
cross-sectional area of the extruded portion corresponds to
the dimensions of the orifice.
FIBER
A discrete particle, generally bulk or mass handled because
of its small size, wherein the particle has a length
considerably greater than its breadth or cross-sectional
diameter.
INDEFINITE LENGTH WORK
A self sustaining body, which because of its relatively large
length is handled at a point intermediate of its ends, and
includes single or one piece bodies formed in a continuous
manner.
PREFORM
An article or stock material or bland which is self
sustaining and which may be subjected to a shaping or
reshaping operation.
RESHAPING
A process in which a self sustaining body or a preform is
subjected to a deforming, e.g., by plastic flow, bending,
stretching, twisting, corrugating, so as to alter its overall
shape.
SPINNING
A molding operation for forming of continuous or indefinite
length articles, generally filaments, by extrusion through an
appropriately sized orifice. Some types of spinning are
spinning into a reactive bath, melt spinning, evaporative
spinning or solvent-extractive spinning.
TREATMENT
A physical, chemical or mechanical step applied to molding
material or an article or preform, (see conditioning).
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
0.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to molding or treating articles having a
composition including a radioactive ingredient.
(1) Note. Included herein for example are fissionable and
fertile ingredients, inclusive of nuclear reactor fuel,
breeder or blanket materials. See the glossary in the
definitions of Class 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions:
Processes, Systems, and Elements, for definitions of these
terms.
(2) Note. See the definitions of this class for the line
between this class and such composition Classes as 106,
Compositions: Coating or Plastic and 252, Compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 235 for a
consolidated metal particle composition containing oxide of
an Activide.
252, Compositions, 625 for radioactive compositions and
miscellaneous methods of treating same.
376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and
Elements, 409 for nuclear fuel component structures
including radioactive materials; and subclasses 900+ for
cross-reference art collections of particular materials or
material shapes for fission reactors.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for
powder metallurgy methods of making nuclear fuel elements or
charges.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 5 for coating processes
wherein the base or coating is radioactive.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, especially 411 for a composite web or sheet
characterized merely by the composition of the layers, in
which one of the layers may be a radioactive material.
Subclass:
1.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
OPTICAL ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to forming articles capable of producing
an optical effect other than mere transparency or planar
reflection.
(1) Note. The effect may be of (a) substantially total
divergence, convergence or internal reflection of light rays
passing through or directed at said articles, or (b)
transmitting or reflecting light rays vibrating in one plane
only, e.g., polarized light, said articles having a desired
contour, shape, internal molecular arrangement, or of a
specific composition necessary to bring about said optical
effects.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a process in which a
nonoptical article is molded against an optical article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 and 108+, for producing articles having nacreous or
pearlescent surface effects.
322 for a process of preliminary softening of a workpiece
and then applying heat and/or pressure to the workpiece to
form a curvilinear article which has the shape of a lens.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 37 for processes within the class
definition for lens making.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
appropriate subclasses for optical elements, per se.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for a stock material product or article having
light-transmitting properties; especially subclass 34 for a
product having spaced, gas-enclosing, light-transmissive
sheets sealed at their edges; subclass 38 for an article
having a light-transmissive or translucent mass with an
opaque border or frame; and subclasses 426+ for a
nonstructural composite web or sheet including a layer
comprising glass.
Subclass:
1.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to shaping or treating an optical article which is
composed solely of nonresinous material.
(1) Note. The application of a nonresinous coating to an
optical article is not provided for here. Such subject matter
is provided for in subclasses below.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for the distinction
between the terms "resinous" and "nonresinous."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.7 for processes which include the application of a
nonresinous coating to an optical article.
Subclass:
1.22
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Scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), or rare earth containing (i.e.,
atomic numbers 21, 39, or 57-72):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.21. Processes
wherein the nonresinous material contains scandium, yttrium,
or a rare earth.
(1) Note. The rare earths are: Lanthanum (La); Cerium (Ce);
Praseodymium (Pr); Neodymium (Nd); Promethium (Pm); Samarium
(Sm); Europium (Eu); Gadolinium (Gd); Terbium (Tb);
Dysprosium (Dy); Holmium (Ho); Erbium (Er); Thulium (Tm);
Ytterbium (Yb); Lutetium (Lu).
Subclass:
1.23
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.21. Processes
wherein the nonresinous material contains a halogen, atomic
numbers 9, 17, 35, 53, and 85 listed on the periodic table.
(1) Note. The halogens are: Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl);
Bromine (Br); Iodine (I); Astatine (At).
Subclass:
1.24
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Optical fiber, waveguide, or preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to shaping or treating an optical fiber, waveguide,
or preform.
(1) Note. Optical fibers are considered light guidance
systems that are generally cylindrical in shape. The fibers
rely upon modal transmission to transmit light along their
axial length.
(2) Note. A waveguide is considered a thin dielectric guide
film of high refractive index formed adjacent to a substrate
or support region of lower refractive index. The thin-film
relies upon modal transmission to transmit light along its
length.
Subclass:
1.25
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming connector or coupler (e.g., fiber link, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes
including joining at least two optical fibers, waveguides, or
preforms by producing, shaping, or treating an interface
element or producing, shaping, or treating coverings or clads
surrounding the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform joining
site.
(1) Note. The interchange of light radiation between
optical fibers or waveguide structures having a mechanical
interconnection (coupler or connector) at the end of or
between structures by a process of this class is properly
classified in this subclass.
(2) Note. Shaping and treating processes including joining
or connecting optical fibers, waveguides, or preforms by
fusion (e.g., forming optical fiber bundle) are proper for
this subclass. Processes of forming a cable or fiber bundle
without fiber or waveguide joining, connecting, coupling, or
fusing are found below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.28 for processes of forming cables or fiber bundles.
Subclass:
1.26
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having lens integral with fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.25. Processes
wherein the optical product formed has an optical component
which focuses transmitting light waves, joined directly to at
least one light transmitting fiber.
Subclass:
1.27
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particle, or
wave energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes
wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or
wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical fiber,
waveguide, or preform.
(1) Note. The wave energy used may be light, sonic,
supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays,
etc. Particulate energy includes charged particles and atomic
emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to
the work. Conversion or electrical energy to heat and the
application of the heat to the work is excluded from this
subclass and is provided for in appropriate subclasses
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical
energy.
275 for a process of molding wherein magnetic or
electrostatic field or force is utilized to maintain a
preform in a selected position during molding, and see (1)
Note above.
405 for process including the application of electrical or
wave energy to work in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
272.2 for a laminating process including direct application
of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the
SEARCH CLASS notes thereunder.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 for a
thermolytic distillation process combined with a shaping
operation in which electrical energy is applied to the work;
and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process in
which electrical energy is applied to the work.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 155, 157.15+,
and 164 for processes of effecting a chemical reaction by
using electrical or wave energy. The line stated in the class
definition of Class 204, above the definition "Notes"
therein, for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined
with an operation for another class is to be followed for
classification of claims defining both Class 204 and Class
264 operations.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
522 for a process of preparing or treating a synthetic resin
or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction brought about
by application of wave energy.
Subclass:
1.28
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming fiber bundle or cable (e.g., covering, sheath,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes
wherein at least two optical fibers or waveguides are
incorporated into an assembly (a) that provides tensile
strength and external protection or (b) are adjacent one
another to guide light collectively.
(1) Note. Extrusion processes involving forming a cable or
fiber bundle are properly classified here. Extrusion
processes involving a single (individual) optical fiber or
waveguide are classified below.
(2) Note. Processes of forming or treating cables or fiber
bundles wherein optical fibers or waveguides are (a) embedded
in a matrix, (b) placed in separate preformed grooves or
cavities, (c) sheathed, or (d) fastened adjacent one to
another are proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.29 for extrusion processes involving forming coating,
core, or clad for individual (single) optical fibers or
waveguides.
Subclass:
1.29
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Extruding (i.e., die):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24. Processes
wherein the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform is formed or
treated by causing a positive force or pressure to push glass
through a die (e.g., core, clad, or sheath, etc.).
(1) Note. Coextrusion processes involving treating or
forming optical fibers, waveguides, or fiber preforms are
properly classified here.
Subclass:
1.31
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Light polarizing article or holos:graphic article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to (a) aligning or orienting the molecular or
structural composition of a plastic material to produce an
article or coated article that allows light to pass
therethrough in a single plane or (b) a holos:graphic
article, or otherwise testing said article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108 for a process of orienting particles in a fluent matrix
material.
288.4 and 291+, for processes of stretching to impart
bifringence properties to articles.
437 for a process of orienting particles by directly
applying electrical energy to the particles
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 457 for holos
graphic interferometry in general.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
1 for holos:graphic systems or elements, per se, subclasses
3+ for particular recording medium, and subclasses 383+ for
polarizers, per se, or use of polarized light.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 1 for a process of making a
hologram or the composition therefor.
Subclass:
1.32
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes
wherein the polarizing article is a lens or a lens coated
with polarizing material.
(1) Note. Treatment by encapsulation of polarizing material
is included in this subclass.
(2) Note. The coating material may be responsible for the
polarization.
Subclass:
1.33
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Optical recording medium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes
wherein the light polarizing article or holos:graphic article
is used as a medium to record data or information.
(1) Note. An optical recording medium in the form of tape,
card, or disc is included in this subclass.
(2) Note. An optical recording medium combined with the
capability of reproducing recorded information or optical
memory medium, per se, is properly classified in this
subclass.
Subclass:
1.34
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Film or sheet:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31. Processes
wherein the light polarizing article or holos:graphic article
is (a) in the form of a film or sheet or (b) a layered
product having said film or sheet as one of the layers.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass a sheet or
film will be considered a portion of material of finite
length, whose width is greater than its thickness and which
may be of any geometric shape (e.g., triangle, circle,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.33 for processes wherein the light polarizing or
holos:graphic article in the form of a sheet or film is used
as an optical recording or reproducing medium.
Subclass:
1.35
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Halogen containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.34. Processes
wherein a composition of the film or sheet contains halogen
or is coated or treated with a halogen containing material.
Subclass:
1.36
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or
wave energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or
wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical article.
(1) Note. The energy used may be light, sonic, supersonic,
ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays, etc.
Particulate energy includes charged particles and atomic
emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons. The
mere use of magnetic force employed to maintain a preform in
a selected position is not provided for here, for which see
subclasses 275+ below.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to
the work. Conversion of electrical energy to heat and the
application of the heat to the work is excluded from this
subclass and is provided for in appropriate subclasses
below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10 for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical
energy.
275 for a process of molding wherein magnetic or
electrostatic field or force is utilized to maintain a
preform in a selected position during molding, and see (1)
Note above.
405 for process including the application of electrical or
wave energy to work in general.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
272.2 for a laminating process including direct application
of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the
SEARCH CLASS notes thereunder.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 for a
thermolytic distillation process combined with a shaping
operation in which electrical energy is applied to the work;
and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process in
which electrical energy is applied to the work.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for processes effecting a chemical reaction by
utilizing electrical or wave energy. The line stated in the
Class 204 definition for claims defining a Class 204
operation combined with an operation for another class is to
be followed for classification of claims defining both Class
204 and Class 264 operations.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
522 for a process of preparing or treating a synthetic resin
or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction brought about
by application of wave energy.
Subclass:
1.37
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Laser utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.36. Processes
wherein the electromagnetic energy used is laser.
(1) Note. Lasers are considered to be a narrow beam of
light (light amplified by stimulated emissions of
radiation).
(2) Note. Processes wherein a laser measured in the
ultraviolet range are properly classified in this subclass.
Subclass:
1.38
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ultraviolet light utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.36. Processes
wherein the electromagnetic energy used is ultraviolet
light.
Subclass:
1.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Continuous or indefinite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to the shaping or treating of an optical article
which is continuous or of indefinite length.
Subclass:
1.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Composite or multiple layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to shaping or treating an optical article including
incorporation of an optical preform into the final optical
article.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for
molding a lens in two different sections where the first
section has the second molded against it as well as processes
in which the second section completely covers the first.
(2) Note. Chemical treatment of an optical preform to alter
optical properties of part of the preform are not provided
for herein, and are found in subclass 2.6.
Subclass:
1.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including bifocal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.7. Process
directed to forming an optical article having multiple
nonrandom areas of uniform refractive properties which differ
from each other.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the forming of
bifocals in particular and multifocal lenses in general.
Subclass:
1.9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reflective:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.7. Processes
directed to producing a reflective article.
Subclass:
2.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rotational molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes in
which rotating motion is imparted to the material being
shaped or to the mold or mold-shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for formation of particulate material from a liquid or
molten mass by means of centrifugal force.
68 for rotation to produce frictional heat.
69 for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions; however, such
patents should be crossed herein where applicable, depending
on the time of duration of said rotation periods in one
direction.
114 for use of centrifugal force in formation of articles by
uniting of bulk assembled particles.
175 for processes of forming indefinite length articles by a
calendering operation between endless shaping surfaces, e.g.,
belts or wheels.
176 for centrifugal spinning of filament or fibers.
270 for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force.
310 for processes of rotational molding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 114 for processes of centrifugally
casting metals.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 425 for a molding machine utilizing mold motion
to distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold.
Subclass:
2.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Changing mold size or shape during molding or with shrinkage
compensation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes in
which the volume or morphology of the mold cavity is altered
during the molding process or in which some expedient is
utilized which is claimed or disclosed as compensating for
the shrinkage of the material to be shaped.
Subclass:
2.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With mold adherence or release:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2. Processes in
which materials or conditions are chosen such that the
adherence of the molding material to the mold is facilitated
or a specific method of release of the optical article or the
use of a named release agent is claimed.
Subclass:
2.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2. Processes
directed to the reshaping of a preform into an optical
article or the treatment of such preform.
Subclass:
2.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including step of mold making:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
which include the step of producing (a) a shaping or molding
device either as a, per se, operation by a method within the
definitions of this class, or (b) in combination with a step
of employing said shaping or molding device in the production
of a molded product by a process classifiable in this class,
in which latter instance the molding or shaping device may be
formed by methods provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. Patents reciting merely the application or
formation of mold linings on molding surfaces are not within
the scope of this subclass and are classified on some other
bases.
(2) Note. Patents reciting processes for manufacturing or
assembling molds not specifically provided for herein are
classified in various other classes depending on the specific
manufacturing step employed, e.g., Class 29, Metal Working;
Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for processes of erecting molds and casting structural
installations in situ.
219 for processes not forming an optical article which
involve the step of making the mold used.
337 for processes which employ specific mold materials or
specific mold coatings or linings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 6 for processes of making molds under
the class definition.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 69 and 70
for processes of electroforming printing plates, molds and
the like.
Subclass:
2.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonmechanical aftertreatment (e.g., hydration of contact
lens, extraction, heat treatment, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to the treatment of an optical article by means
other than mechanical shaping.
(1) Note. This subclass includes most hydrophilic contact
lenses.
Subclass:
2.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reshaping or treatment of an optical preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes
directed to the mechanical shaping or treatment of an optical
preform.
Subclass:
3.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
EXPLOSIVE OR PROPELLANT ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the material which is shaped or molded is
disclosed to have utility as an explosive or a propellant.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
86, Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, 20 for the
loading of fireworks or bursting charges with explosive or
propellant material.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 2 for
explosive compositions shapes, nominal container shapes
therefore etc. Also see "SEARCH CLASS", under subclass 2 of
that class for related fields of search for shaped
inflammable compositions. For explosive compositions, per
se, search appropriate subclasses of that class.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 98 for colloid systems of continuous or
semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase
(gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
3.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Rolling to form sheet or rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
wherein the material is rolled into the form of sheet or
rod.
Subclass:
3.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Extrusion to form sheet or rod:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
the material is extruded to form sheet or rod like shapes.
Subclass:
3.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming or treating particulate material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter
wherein the material is shaped in form of particulate matter,
e.g., pellets, flakes, etc.
Subclass:
3.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By liquid comminuting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Subject matter
wherein the particulate material if formed directly from a
liquid state commonly referred to as liquid comminution and
solidification.
Subclass:
3.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Immersed in liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Subject matter
wherein the comminution is carried out beneath the surface of
liquid.
Subclass:
4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a material which is normally liquid at
ambient temperature and pressure is encapsulated, i.e.,
packaged or contained, in shaped discrete receptacles e.g.,
microspheres.
(1) Note. The classification of a patent reciting the
encapsulation of a core material with no reference to the
core being a solid or liquid, the assumption is made that the
core is solid and therefore classified in Class 427,
subclasses 213.3+ as an original with a suggested cross to
this class, subclass.
(2) Note. This class, subclass 4.1 provides for processes
of producing a composition by way of encapsulating (shaping
operation) a liquid core where elsewhere not provided for.
The liquid core may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
(3) Note. A patent reciting a coated or encapsulated
material with claimed utility(ies) is classified with the
composition classes. A similar patent with (a) multiply
disclosed utilities or (b) undisclosed utility is classified
in Class 428, subclasses 402+. However, in the latter two
cases (a) and (b) above, when the coating or encapsulating
material stabilizes a compound against physical or chemical
degradation, then classification is appropriate for and
subject to the limitations set forth in one of the compound
(element) classes. The order of superiority of the
composition classes are listed below under "SEARCH CLASS".
Those classes with an asterisk are not composition classes
but deemed appropriate for further search.
(4) Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion
compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject
to the limitations set forth in the compound (element)
classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. See
the main definition for Class 264, section II, LINES WITH
OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection K, CLATHRATES
AND INTERCALATES, for examples.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 526 for a dye
in specified form other than mere powder.
29, Metal Working, subclass 422 for processes of shaping a
container end to encapsulate material.*
53, Package Making, appropriate subclasses for encapsulating
processes employing a preformed planar sheet or a tube in
package making.*
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic for a filler or
pigment for a coating composition which may include size or
structure of the constituent particles or fibers which
recitation does not serve to exclude from Class 106. See
especially subclass 21 (invisible inks), 36, 235, 241, 251,
253+, 266, 272, 275, 276, 280, 281+, 400+, 400+, 636, 734,
and 816 (coated material) in Class 106. See also V, above
in definition.
118, Coating Apparatus, subclass 303 for apparatus for spray
coating particulate material.*
148, Metal Treatment, 22 for composition and 31.5 for a
coated stock material.
149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges, 3 for a
coated component.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 81 for melting of a solid material in an airtight
cavity and subclasses 145+ for encapsulating, when combined
with a laminating step.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products.
252, Compositions, for miscellaneous compositions having
special uses or functions.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 709.
420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Composition, 16
for coated, impregnated or layered feature.
425, Plastic Article or Earthware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 5 for apparatus encapsulating normally
liquid material in discrete, simultaneously formed
containers.*
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Composition, and
Products, 89.
427, Coating Processes, 213.3 for processes of encapsulating
solid core materials.*
428, Stock Materials or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass
320.6 and subclass 321.5 for composite (e.g., layered, etc.)
stock material involving a microencapsulated liquid and
subclasses 402.2+ for coated particles or microscopic size.
*Not a composition class.
429, Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, subclass 138 for a microcapsule.
451, Abrading, especially subclass 295 for impregnating or
coating an abrasive tool.
501, Compositions, Ceramic.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, 60 and 527.11-527.24.
504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Resins, see, for example,
Class 523, subclass 161 invisible ink composition and
subclasses 200+ for a composition containing product in the
form of surface-coating, impregnated, encapsulated, or
surface-modified material.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds (mixture
subclasses).
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 249
for containment broadly of hazardous or toxic waste.
Subclass:
4.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Liquid encapsulation utilizing an emulsion or dispersion to
form a solid-walled microcapsule (includes liposome):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein a medium in the form of an emulsion or dispersion is
used to affect encapsulation of the liquid. The medium may
contain one or more polymers, polymer precursors, monomers or
other encapsulating materials, e.g., gelatin, wax, etc.
(1) Note. Liposomes are formed of mesomorphic walls (i.e.,
a state of matter intermediate between crystalline solid and
normal isotropic liquid) and are classified here based on
their solid characteristics.
Subclass:
4.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With treatment subsequent to solid-wall formation (e.g.,
coating, hardening, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter
wherein solid-walled microparticles are subjected to a
significant chemical or physical after-treatment, e.g.,
heating, formaldenhyde crosslinking, etc., the recitation of
"hardening the formed microcapsule" is sufficient for
placement here.
(1) Note. Techniques utilized for merely recovering the
microencapsulated product are not the type of after-treatment
considered, e.g., filtering, precipitating, centrifuging,
evaporating, distilling, sieving, etc. Drying techniques also
not considered as after-treatment are spray drying, freeze
drying (lyophilization), drum drying, etc.
Subclass:
4.32
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microcapsule wall containing two or more layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.3. Subject matter
wherein the microencapsulation process produces a
multilayered shell completely surrounding the liquid core.
Subclass:
4.33
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microcapsule wall derived from synthetic polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.3. Subject matter
wherein the microencapsulation process produces a wall
derived from a synthetic polymer which was prepared either
prior to or during the process.
Subclass:
4.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Solid-walled microcapsule formed by cooling molten
materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter
wherein solid wall formation is obtained by solidifying
molten material by cooling below the melting point or range
of the material.
Subclass:
4.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Solid-walled microcapsule formed by physically removing a
constituent (e.g., evaporation, extraction, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter
wherein solid-walled material is obtained by physically
removing a constituent of the colloidal emulsion or
dispersion, e.g., evaporation, distillation, extraction,
precipitation, etc.
Subclass:
4.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Solid-walled microcapsule formed by in situ polymerization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Subject matter
wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is obtained by the
polymerization of one or more reactants contained in the
colloidal emulsion or dispersion system.
(1) Note. A patent which claims an in situ-generated
polymer which subsequently reacts with a material, e.g., a
crosslinking agent contained in the liquid core, is not
classified here but in subclass 4.3.
Subclass:
5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a material in the liquid state is
comminuted to form discrete particles and solidified in its
comminuted form.
(1) Note. Where the purpose of the comminution is to effect
a material separation rather than to produce a desired size
product, the patent is not included herein, but will be found
in the appropriate separation class, e.g., Class 159,
Concentrating Evaporators, and Class 201, Distillation:
Processes, Thermolytic, subclasses 7+.
(2) Note. To be classified in this subclass the material
must be subdivided from an original liquid mass and then the
subdivided particles solidified with no substantial change in
shape or size. Thus, precipitation of a powder, etc., from a
solution is not provided for in this class in that an
original liquid mass is not comminuted. Coagulation of
droplets formed by comminution can be found in this or an
indented subclass.
(3) Note. The compound and composition classes are superior
to Class 264 in regard to liquid comminution and
solidification unless otherwise noted where: A. The product
is formed and comminution is recited only broadly, as by name
only; B. The reactants are comminuted merely to enhance a
chemical reaction C. The final product size and shape is not
controlled or limited by the size and shape of the comminuted
liquid particles (see (2) Note above) or, D. The product is a
stable colloid or catalyst composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 1.22 for apparatus and methods
for making bullets and shot usually involving a plurality of
metal working operations and subclasses 4.51+ for the
production of metal shreds by a cutting operation.
62, Refrigeration, subclass 74 for processes there provided
for of congealing (freezing) material involving spraying or
dripping.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 376 for processes of glass fiber or
filament making; subclasses 21.1+ for self-supporting
particle making from glass or glasslike materials.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, 64.01 for other processes of
preparing fertilizer commercial forms and also fertilizer
forms as articles of manufacture.
72, Metal Deforming, 253.1 for metal extruding.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 331 for production of free metal
in particulate form or production of alloy or metallic
composition in particulate form by comminuting directly from
liquid metal. Patents which claim only a process of
comminuting and solidifying a liquid metal to form discrete
particles are classified as originals in Class 75. Patents
in which the claims are broad or nondefinitive as to material
and the disclosure states that materials other than metal are
processed by the invention will go as originals to Class 264.
Patents having claims to forming solid particulate metal and
claims to forming solid particulate nonmetal or patents
having generic claims with a disclosure to forming solid
particulate metal and to forming solid particulate nonmetal
will go as originals to Class 264 and a cross-reference will
be placed in Class 75.
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 48.1 for processes of
concentrating by spraying.
164, Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for processes of
forming particulate metallic particles by means of a shaping
surface and subclass 272 for metal revolving or tumbling
type shaping apparatus.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, subclass 192.1
for processes of coating or forming by cathode sputtering.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclasses
1-30 for processes of comminuting and disintegrating solid
materials.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 6 for corresponding apparatus.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 87
for a product with a pile or nap type surface and including
particles, subclasses 143+ for a stock material product in
the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has a
textured surface comprising particulate matter, subclasses
323+ for a composite web or sheet including a component
having structurally defined particles, subclasses 402+ and
570 for structurally defined or coated particles and
subclasses 546+ for metallic stock comprising metal
particles.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, 1 for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid
system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist), subclasses
31+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid or semisolid
phase dispersed in primarily organic continuous liquid phase,
subclasses 38+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized
bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in aqueous
continuous liquid phase, subclasses 77+ for colloid systems
of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in aqueous continuous
liquid phase; or agents for such systems or making or
stabilizing such systems or agents; in each instance, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 252
for solidification of hazardous or toxic waste.
Subclass:
6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the formed discrete particles are mass or bulk
assembled and bonded to each other to form a unitary
article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for formation or liberation of fibers or particles from
solid materials and uniting thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, 228 for a consolidated metal
powder composition.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for
producing metals or alloys or metallic compositions in a
solid or compact state from powdered or particulate material
with or without heating.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 546 for
metallic stock comprising metal particles.
Subclass:
7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the comminuted material is coated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
4 for methods of forming filled capsules.
129 for subsequent coating of articles, which have been
formed by a process within the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 212 for processes of coating
particles, flakes, or granules.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 570
for metal particles coated with another metal.
Subclass:
8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the liquid or molten material is comminuted by means
of centrifugal force or a revolving or rotating forming
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
309 for processes wherein material is flung or sprayed
against a mold surface.
Subclass:
9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the particles are formed by agitation or vibration of
the liquid or molten mass to fling or shake off said
particles.
Subclass:
10
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein some form of direct electrical energy is employed to
comminute the liquid or molten mass into particles.
Subclass:
11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the particles are formed by causing plural liquid
streams to impinge forcibly.
(1) Note. The liquid streams may be of the particle forming
material only or of both particle forming and nonparticle
forming materials.
(2) Note. Turbulent fluid flow type comminuting is
considered agitating for subclass 9 above.
Subclass:
12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes in
which the particles are formed by impinging with or directing
a jet or blast of a gas into contact with the liquid or
molten material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13 for processes of liquid comminuting in which the material
is sprayed, per se, through particle forming orifices by
employing a relatively large pressure head of liquid.
Subclass:
13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Processes
wherein the particles are formed by flowing or allowing the
liquid material to fall through a forming orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12 for spraying by impinging a liquid body or stream with a
gas jet.
15 for processes in which preformed solid particles are
rounded or spheroidized as by passing said particles through
a heated fluid.
Subclass:
14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Processes in
which the formed particles pass into or through a moving
fluid medium.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
180 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length
work in which the product is extruded into a liquid bath in
motion.
Subclass:
15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the reshaping of solid, irregular or
nonspherical particulate matter wherein said irregularities
are diminished or the particles are caused to become more
spherical or rounded in shape without loss of material
therefrom and by means other than use of a mold or shaping
surface therefor and in which the individual and separate
identities of the particles is maintained.
(1) Note. Patents in this subclass are generally directed
to those processes in which heat is employed to soften the
particles so as to permit the internal cohesive forces of the
particles to effect said reshaping as defined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 particularly subclasses 13+ for processes forming
particulate material directly from a molten or liquid mass.
109 for processes of forming articles by uniting of nonmetal
particles in which the overall configuration of the particles
may be altered in the process.
162 for surface finishing by abrading.
320 for processes of reshaping an article in which a mold or
solid shaping surface is employed.
341 for processes of treating a solid article in which the
surface is smoothed by solvent polishing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 342, for spheroidizing
or rounding of existing solid metal particles. Patents
having claims to spheroidizing or rounding of solid metal
particles and claims to spheroidizing or rounding of solid,
nonmetal particles or patents having generic claims with a
disclosure to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, metal
particles and to spheroidizing or rounding of solid,
nonmetallic particles will go as originals to Class 264 and a
cross-reference will be placed in Class 75.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 for a
thermolytic distillation process including the step of
shaping solid carbonaceous material without using a mold.
Subclass:
16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein articles are formed which conform to the
contour of the human mouth or which simulate a tooth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for dental
casting processes under the class definition.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 67 for
electroforming methods of producing dentures.
249, Static Molds, subclass 54 for dental type molds.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 2 for shaping apparatus utilizing an
anatomical body or portion thereof as a shaping surface.
433, Dentistry, 167 for prosthodontic methods directed to or
including specific dental steps.
Subclass:
17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Processes
wherein the article formed includes at least one tooth and a
support conjoint therewith.
Subclass:
18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes
wherein the support is formed by casting or molding against
preformed teeth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
259 appropriate subclasses indented thereunder for processes
of forming composite articles, per se, in which material is
shaped and united to a preformed self-sustaining body.
Subclass:
19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Processes
wherein the article formed by molding or casting simulates a
tooth or portion thereof.
Subclass:
20
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Processes
wherein the tooth or portion thereof is formed so as to
provide a color or tone differential across the member.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 and 78, for molding processes of general utility which
include a coloring or dyeing step.
245 for processes of general utility forming a multi-colored
composite body.
Subclass:
21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to molding or treating articles having a
composition including a luminescent, phosphorescent, or
fluorescent ingredient.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclasses 301.16-310.6 for fluorescent
or phosphorescent compositions.
427, Coating Processes, 157 for processes of coating
utilizing fluorescent or phosphorescent coating.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such to the work.
Conversion of electrical energy to heat and the application
of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is
provided for in appropriate subclasses below.
(3) Note. The laser ablation of a Class 264 material in the
absence of an added reactive chemical is proper for Class
264. When a reactive chemical is used in the laser ablation
the subject matter is proper for etching Class 216.
Subclass:
28
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include subjecting the molding material or
product to a cooling, freezing or refrigeration step which
lowers the temperature of the material or product to at least
O deg.C or 32 deg.F.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
237 and 348, for processes which include a cooling step
which does not cool to product or shaping material to at
least 0 deg.C.
Subclass:
29.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a carbonaceous material is subjected to a
heat treatment in a substantially nonoxidizing atmosphere to
produce a product containing elemental carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
105 for processes of molding or shaping electroconductive
material, which material contains elemental carbon, at least
in part.
603 for firing, sintering or vitrifying operations on
inorganic shaped materials which are not directed to
carbonizing the material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, subclass 599 for a
process of making a consolidated fuel solids composition
which includes a step of carbonizing using a specified
condition or technique.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, appropriate
subclass, for a process of thermolytic distillation of
carbonaceous material, e.g., coking, etc.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, 445 for elemental
carbon, per se, and its manufacturing processes involving a
chemical reaction. For the line between 423 subclasses 445+
and this class concerning combined processes of molding and
carbonizing, see the class definitions of this class, section
II. A. 10).
427, Coating Processes, 307 for coating processes including
flame contact.
502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product
or Process of Making, for a composition comprising a catalyst
or sorbent, per se, which may be activated carbon. Activated
carbon is proper for Class 502, rather than Class 423.
Subclass:
29.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
directed to making articles in which the length is relatively
much greater than the width and thickness.
Subclass:
29.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
including the step of tumbling or otherwise agitating a mass
of fine discrete particles to cause adherence of the
particles to one another thereby producing larger sized
particles prior to carbonizing.
Subclass:
29.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
wherein the article carbonized includes cellulosic material
or its derivatives.
Subclass:
29.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
which prepare an article by carbonizing and then subsequently
add a carbonizable material (e.g., by impregnating) and
recarbonize.
Subclass:
29.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
wherein one step of carbonization takes place in a
specifically recited atmosphere other than vacuum or air.
(1) Note. The recitations inert, nonoxidizing, or the like
shall be considered sufficient to place the patent in this
subclass.
(2) Note. One step of carbonizing may occur in an oxidizing
atmosphere as long as the process also includes a step of
carbonizing under nonoxidizing conditions.
Subclass:
29.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1. Processes
wherein the carbonizing step is carried out by (1) varying
the temperature over a given time span or by (2) heating the
article to two or more distinct temperatures.
(1) Note. Heating the article to cure binder or dry is not
considered carbonizing unless positively disclosed that such
occurs under those conditions.
(2) Note. Heating to a temperature to cause a change in
crystalline form of the carbon (e.g., graphitizing) is
considered a step of carbonizing for this subclass.
Subclass:
30
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which are directed to (1) maintaining, restoring,
or rebuilding a damaged, defective, or worn furnace lining or
(2) forming an original interior layer on the furnace wall
which remains in place during furnace use.
(1) Note. This is the residual home for furnace lining
formation or repair not elsewhere provided for. In general,
however, the combination of building a furnace and applying a
lining to the interior thereof is classified in the class
providing for the particular method of building the furnace.
For classes which provide for furnaces and furnace lining,
see the notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for processes under the class definitions for repairing
or restoring articles, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 402.01, especially 402.18 for repairing
processes which include only mechanical assembly and joining
operations.
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 741.1 and 745.01+
for processes of assembling or in situ erection of a building
involving more than repair by a process for Class 264.
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 27 for processes of
repairing apparatus for that class.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for
Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclass 301 for reactive
furnace linings.
110, Furnaces, subclass 343 for a process of treating solid
fuel furnace constituents to prevent corrosion of the
furnace.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, appropriate subclass for
furnace structures provided therein under the class
definition.
126, Stoves and Furnaces, particularly 144 for linings.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
94 for processes of repairing articles by a laminating
process.
252, Compositions, 500 for furnace lining composition or
linings defined only in terms of their composition when the
composition is electrically conductive.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclass for
metallurgical furnaces, particularly 280 for linings.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, subclass 137, 155
and 164.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, appropriate
subclasses for furnaces for carrying out chemical reactions.
427, Coating Processes, 140 for restoring or repairing by a
coating process.
432, Heating, subclass 3 for a residual process of heater
operation including a step of repairing, converting or
assembling the heater.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclasses for
ceramic compositions, per se.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 141 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber
having utility for a metallurgical furnace or oven apparatus
or to processes of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
31
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the formation in situ of an erected
structure or a part thereof.
(1) Note. Included here are only processes for forming
those structures which are not intended to be moved or
transported after the final molding step. For example,
forming a prefabricated wall is not included here but placed
in appropriate subclasses below, while forming a wall or
portion thereof in its final intended position is included
here. Forming parts by a molding operation and uniting in
situ by a second molding operation is also included here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for processes of forming furnace linings in situ.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), 745.01 for
particular processes of forming or assembling an in situ
structure. The line between Class 264 and Class 52 is: Class
52 takes (1) forming in situ erected building structures by
uniting preformed modules, e.g., bricks, cinder blocks, etc.,
and (2) other processes involving molding when combined with
a building formation step which is more than a mere
perfecting step for the molding such as (a) forming elements
by molding, and joining the molded elements together, or to
another element, by nonmolding means and (b) uniting a mold
form with the surface of the molded body and permitting the
form to remain as a portion of the building construction.
Class 264 takes process of molding, per se, including forming
building structures in situ when such processes include only
molding steps. For example, processes for embedding elements
such as reinforcements in the molded product or molding
structural elements and then uniting the elements by a
molding operation are within the scope of this class.
249, Static Molds, 1 for in situ construction engineering
type molds.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, 72 for processes
of building roads. The line between Classes 264 and 404, is
as follows: Class 404, provides for processes of forming
roads except that Class 264 provides for such road making
processes which include only the steps of molding monolithic
uniform composition structure and/or compacting, treating,
stressing or surface working the material to perfect the
molding or curing of the molded body.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses
for processes of earthworking, e.g., digging, filling, etc.,
combined with molding, especially subclass 222 for a method
of casting a structure in a marine environment; and
subclasses 233+ for a method of casting a pile or pier in
situ.
Subclass:
32
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in
which the structure formed includes either an arched or domed
portion or a portion which is vertically cylindrical.
Subclass:
33
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in
which at least a portion of the mold is removed from the
structure and repositioned and used to form a second portion
of the structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
34 for processes of sequentially molding different portions
of a structure by using different molds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 20 for molds for forming a wall
progressively.
Subclass:
34
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in
which portions of the in situ structure are formed in
sequentially distinct steps.
(1) Note. Incremental as well as diverse molding steps are
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
33 for processes in which the sequential formation steps are
accomplished by repositioning mold parts
250 and 308, for incremental molding of structures other
than in situ.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, subclass 15 for mold for forming a facing
on product or existing structure.
Subclass:
35
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Processes in
which a preform member or a portion thereof becomes embedded
in or united to the molded material and remains to form a
structural part of the product.
(1) Note. Embedded elements which serve solely as
reinforcement and have no other structural purpose are not
considered proper for this subclass but are placed according
to the molding operations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
271 for processes of shaping material around a preform to
surround or embed said preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for processes in
which structural elements which make up an exterior portion
of the final construction are used to retain the molding
material and remain in place after the molding operation.
Pipes or tubes embedded in the molding material are
considered proper for Class 264.
249, Static Molds, 83 for molding apparatus for uniting a
preform with fluent material.
Subclass:
36.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
REPAIRING OR RESTORING CONSUMER USED ARTICLES FOR REUSE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a worn, damaged, or consumer used article
is renewed or reconditioned for reuse in a capacity similar
to that of the original article, without substantially
altering or destroying the overall configuration of the
original article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for processes for repairing furnace linings.
37.1 [supscrpt]+[end supscrpt], for processes involving reuse
of articles or article forming material in which flash, trim,
or product rejects are recycled and put through an overall
mixing and/or reshaping, and see subclass 37.1 notes
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass 367 for devices,
e.g., patches applied to a tire surface for covering a
puncture or blowout, wherein the claims involve a superficial
fixing of the tire and do not involve a substantial removal
of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
94 for repairing by a laminating operation.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 153 for
similar subject matter combined with recording on a restored
storage medium element.
401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclass 50
for a lipstick, crayon, or the like combined with means to
reshape the working end.
427, Coating Processes, especially 140 for restoring or
repairing by a coating operation.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 63
for a product in which a hole or depression has been patched
and subclass 912 (a cross-reference art collection) for a
product having a puncture healing layer.
Subclass:
36.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Articles containing nontextile porous material (e.g., foam,
sponge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes,
wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned contains
randomly dispersed pores or voids and contains no textile.
(1) Note. Acceptable for this subclass are
composite-structured articles wherein one article section may
be porous while another article section is nonporous.
(2) Note. Utilizing putty to repair wooden articles for
reuse is properly classified in this subclass since wood is
considered to be inherently porous.
(3) Note. Renewal and reconditioning of fabric and cloth
material (e.g., textiles, etc.) are excluded from placement
in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for processes of forming pores or voids.
317 for processes, generally, which involve the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void.
321 for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
413 for processes of producing or treating a porous product
by direct application of electrical or wave energy.
915 for recycling of consumer used articles made of
sponge-like, porous, or foamed material.
Subclass:
36.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Balls or rollers (e.g., printing rollers, golf balls, etc.):
Processes under subclass 36.1, wherein the article which is
to be renewed or reconditioned is a spherical or nonhollow
columnar shaped body.
Subclass:
36.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sound records (e.g., by removing grooves, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes,
wherein the article which is to be renewed or reconditioned
has sound reproducing grooves on its surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for forming sound reproducing grooves in an article
utilizing a molding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 37 for sound
recording compositions, per se.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 68 for
electroforming methods of producing sound records.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 84 for
dynamic recording.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 64.1 for a
disc which does not have sound tracks.
434, Education and Demonstration, subclass 318 for visual
and audio education and demonstration wherein the audio is
recorded on a disk.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 174 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber
having utility as a phonograph record molding composition or
to processes of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
36.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Toroidal shapes (e.g., resilient tires, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes,
wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned is
toroidal in shape (i.e., doughnut shaped).
(1) Note. A toroidal shape is comprised of a figure having a
surface generated when rotated about an axis lying in the
same plane therewith, but not intersecting or containing, an
axis in its own plane.
(2) Note. The majority of the art in this subclass relates
to processes for repairing or restoring vehicle tires, but
the subclass is not so limited.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
911 for recycling of toroidal shaped consumer used
articles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
81, Tools, 15.2, 15.3, and 15.4 for portable tools used in
repairing resilient vehicle tires.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass 367 for devices,
e.g., patches applied to a tire surface for covering a
puncture or blowout, wherein the claims involve a superficial
fixing of the tire and do not involve a substantial removal
of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous chemical Manufacture,
94, for processes which are (a) combined with the step of
recovering material utilized in a previous laminating
procedure and/or (b) directed to restoring or rebuilding a
damaged or defective article or material by a laminating
procedure.
Subclass:
36.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hollow- or container-type articles (e.g., vase, pipes, cups,
tubes, etc.):
Processes under subclass 36.1, wherein the article to be
renewed or reconditioned has an intentionally constructed
nonrandom void or opening therethrough or has a nonrandom
inner or concave surface or cavity.
(1) Note. The mere presence of a chip or crack in an article
is not considered sufficient to render the article hollow for
the purposes of this subclass, unless the overall
macrostructure of the entire article meets this subclass
definition. See search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36.18 for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles
containing inorganic material for reuse, especially subclass
36.21 for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in nonhollow
or noncontainer- type glass articles.
36.22 for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles
containing polymeric material or treating cracks or chips in
nonhollow or noncontainer-type articles of polymeric
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubulkar Conduits, especially subclass 97 for
processes and apparatus for repairing leaks in pipes and hose
for reuse when no molding step is present.
206, Special Receptacle or Package, appropriate subclasses
for special use receptacle, container, or package.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 11 for apparatus used to repair or
restore an article for reuse.
Subclass:
36.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Pipes or tubes:
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.15. Processes,
wherein the article to be reconditioned or renewed is a self
supporting open ended hollow conduit (e.g., hose, etc.)
(1) Note. Repairing or reconditioning pipe joints utilizing
a molding operation is properly classified here.
(2) Note. Repairing or reconditioning of concrete or
hydro-set pipes or tubes is properly classified as original
in this subclass with crosses below as deemed suitable.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits, 97 for repairing pipes,
tubes and hose not otherwise classifiable.
249, Static Molds, 83, particularly subclass 90 for molds for
repairing leaks in pipes.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, 154 for a process or
apparatus for laying a pipe or cable into a submerged or
subterranean location; and subclass 188 for an apparatus or
method for enabling personnel to work on a section of
submerged pipeline.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 11 for a product or preform repair or restoring
means comprising a molding apparatus for shaping or reshaping
nonmetals.
Subclass:
36.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By application of internal fluid pressure differential to
permanently shape, distort, or sustain material to repair or
restore pipes or tubes (e.g., flexible bladder, expandable
tubular pig, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.16. Processes,
wherein a positive or negative pressure is internally applied
to renewing or reconditioning material through the medium of
a liquid or gas in direct or indirect contact therewith to
shape or maintain a desired configuration.
Subclass:
36.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inorganic material containing articles (e.g., plaster board,
ceramic, fiberglass, etc.):
Processes under subclass 36.1, wherein the article to be
renewed or reconditioned contains inorganic material.
(1) Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article
containing inorganic material, as well as organic material
present as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., are
properly classified herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, note 34, for the
distinction between the terms "organic" and "inorganic".
427, Coating Processes, 136 for coating inorganic material
containing road surfaces.
Subclass:
36.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Clad wire or cable (e.g., by restoring sheathing, etc.):
Processes under subclass 36.18, wherein the inorganic
material containing article is a clad (sheathed) usually
metallic strand or a collection of clad strands or rods.
(1) Note. Class 264 excludes any metal working, casting or
welding operations.
Subclass:
36.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydro-set material (e.g., cement, concrete, plaster board,
etc.):
Processes under subclass 36.18, wherein the article to be
renewed or reconditioned contains or is treated with an
aqueous fluent inorganic composition that solidifies (e.g.,
cures, sets, etc.)
(1) Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article
containing inorganic hydro-settable material, as well as
organic material present as bonding agents, solvents,
fillers, etc., are properly classified herein.
Subclass:
36.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By shaping nonglass material to repair damaged glass:
Processes under subclass 36.18, wherein a material other than
glass is shaped to renew or recondition the damaged glass.
(1) Note. The use of a plastic material which is injected
into a crack in a damaged glass windshield is proper for this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, for repairing of glass articles or
combinations of glass working or glass making combined with a
Class 264 operation.
Subclass:
36.22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing (e.g., hardening,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1. Processes
wherein the reconditioning or renewing of the article
includes a polymerization, cross-linking, curing, or
hardening operation.
(1) Note. Claimed subject matter which includes one of the
terms in the following list is properly classified herein: a.
cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization d.
condensation polymerization e. block or graft
polymerization f. hardening This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
Subclass:
37.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
RECYCLING OF RECLAIMED OR PURIFIED PROCESS MATERIAL (NOT
RECYCLED CONSUMER USED ARTICLES):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which process materials (e.g., flash, trim,
defective products, molding materials from which products are
formed, treating materials utilized in the molding process,
etc.) which were previously employed in a molding operation,
whether from batch or continuous process, are recycled or
reused in the same or a different molding operation.
(1) Note. Recycling of consumer used articles (e.g., scrap
articles or worn materials, used tires, materials employed in
commerce, etc.) or articles intended for consumer use are not
considered proper under this subclass. However, recycling of
defective or improperly molded articles (e.g., virgin
material, etc.) will be considered proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. Merely recycling reclaimed "as is" process
material as hereinabove set forth is sufficient for placement
in this subclass. It is not essential that a step of
purification, reclamation, or separation of the desired
process material be present for a process to be proper for
this subclass. Thus, recycling of a desired polymeric process
material does not require separation from a solvent thereof
to be proper in this subclass.
(3) Note. Recycling of heat exchange agents, per se, that
directly contact shaped articles or process materials is
considered proper under this subclass. However, recycling of
heat exchange agents that do not directly contact shaped
articles or process materials (e.g., cycling of liquid
coolant through hollow mold walls, etc.) are not proper for
this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length
articles including the step of preventing equipment fouling
accumulations or deposits.
179 for processes of purifying or replenishing a liquid bath
for receiving extruded material.
195 for processes of chemically treating viscose articles
which may include removal of contaminants therefrom.
340 for processes within the class definition for treating
preformed, shaped, or solid articles.
349 for processes within the class definition which relate
to mixing, kneading or mulling of materials.
910 for processes which involve recycling consumer used
articles or products.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclass 25 for
conversion of waste by heat to products which include a solid
carbon char.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
521, 40 for processes of reclaiming a synthetic resin.
585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, 240 for a process
wherein refuse is converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons,
usually for use as a fuel.
Subclass:
37.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vaporizing to recycle liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes
wherein a liquid process material is recycled or recovered by
changing to a gaseous state and back to a reusable liquid
state.
(1) Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter
which exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or
no tendency to disperse, and relatively high
incompressibility.
(2) Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and
viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with
changes in pressure and temperature, and to be readily
diffusive, with a tendency to expand indefinitely, with
molecules in free movement.
(3) Note. Liquid process materials found here are vaporized,
condensed, and reused in a molding process.
Subclass:
37.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
The liquid is, or is part of, an extrudant bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.11. Processes
wherein the liquid is, or is part of, an extrudant receiving
liquid bath process material.
Subclass:
37.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
The liquid is a solvent for organic process material:
Processes under subclass 37.11 wherein the liquid is a
material which is used to dissolve organic process material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, note 34, for the
distinction between the terms "organic" and "inorganic".
Subclass:
37.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of gaseous process material (e.g., cooling gas, blowing gas,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes
wherein the reclaimed or process material is a gas, (e.g.,
vapor, cloud, fog, haze, or mist, etc.) under standard
conditions.
(1) Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and
viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with
changes in pressure and temperature, to be readily diffusive,
with a tendency to expand indefinitely, with molecules in
free movement.
Subclass:
37.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of gas utilized in forming porous material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14. Processes
wherein the gaseous process material is used to form pores or
voids in molded or shaped articles.
Subclass:
37.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of blow molding gas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14. Processes
wherein the gaseous material is from a blow molding process.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a
positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium
of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to
form or maintain a desired configuration.
Subclass:
37.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of gas utilized for heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14. Processes
wherein the gaseous material is a heat exchange agent that
directly contacts a molded article.
Subclass:
37.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of liquid process material (e.g., suspensions, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes
wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is
liquid.
(1) Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter
which exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or
no tendency to disperse, and relatively high
incompressibility.
Subclass:
37.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From hydro-settable suspension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes
wherein the liquid process material is from an aqueous fluent
inorganic composition that solidifies (e.g., cures, sets,
etc.).
Subclass:
37.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
The liquid is from an extrudant-receiving bath: (e.g., liquid
suspensions, etc.)
Processes under subclass 37.18 wherein an extrudant-receiving
liquid bath process material is recovered for recycling or
reuse.
Subclass:
37.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing ethylene or propylene carbonate in the bath:
Processes under subclass 37.2 wherein the extrudant-receiving
bath contains ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
Subclass:
37.22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing acetic, nitric, or sulfuric acid in the bath:
Processes under subclass 37.2 wherein the extrudant receiving
bath contains acetic acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
Subclass:
37.23
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), or copper (Cu) ions in the
bath:
Processes under subclass 37.2 wherein the extrudant-receiving
bath contains zinc ions, lead ions, or copper ions.
Subclass:
37.24
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With filtration:
Processes under subclass 37.2 wherein a step is included
which involves utilizing a filtering apparatus which is used
to separate a recyclable liquid process material (e.g., using
filters, screens, sieves, etc.).
(1) Note. A filter is considered to be an article or mass of
material made of closely spaced or intimately arranged
intermeshed or unconnected fibers, elements, strands, or
particles that collectively act as a barrier to physically
retain at least one constituent of a fluid mixture on its
surfaces or in the spaces between the fibers, elements,
strands, or particles while permitting passage of the
remaining constituents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, for processes of
separating solids from liquids, per se.
Subclass:
37.25
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into blow molding process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes
wherein the reclaimed liquid process material is recycled
into or is reused in a blow molding operation.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a
positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium
of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to
form or maintain a desired configuration.
Subclass:
37.26
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into extrusion molding process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18. Processes
wherein the reclaimed liquid process material is recycled
into or is reused in an extrusion molding operation.
(1) Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation
wherein an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of
the article forming material through a confining and shaping
orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37.2 for reclaiming an extrudant-receiving liquid process
material.
Subclass:
37.27
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into injection molding process:
Processes under subclass 37.18 wherein the reclaimed liquid
process material is recycled into or is reused in an
injection molding operation.
(1) Note. Injection molding is considered an operation
wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to
force said material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the
shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
Subclass:
37.28
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of excess fiber or filament:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes
wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is in the
form of surplus fiber or filament.
(1) Note. A fiber or filament is generally considered a
relatively slender, flexible element of macroscopic size
having a length substantially greater than its width.
Subclass:
37.29
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of excess solid particulate (e.g., dust, powder, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1. Processes
wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is surplus
small bits of matter having definite shape, relatively great
density, low internal heat content, and great cohesion of its
molecules, which typically can be poured like a fluid when
handled (e.g., granule, bead, powder, pellet, flake,
particle, granulate, grain, etc.).
(1) Note. Solid particulates generally are distinguished
from filamentary particles in that their shape and
length-to-diameter ratio are such that in the dry state the
particulates will not hold together as a massive article
without the application of pressure or heat.
Subclass:
37.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of process trim or excess blanked material (e.g., sprue,
runner, flash, etc.):
Processes under subclass 37.1 wherein the reclaimed or
purified process material is surplus process material which
may, for example, have been stamped, excised, or rejected.
Subclass:
37.31
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into blow molding process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes
wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or
is reused in a blow molding operation.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a
positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium
of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to
form or maintain a desired configuration.
Subclass:
37.32
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into extrusion molding process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes
wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or
is reused in an extrusion molding operation.
(1) Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation
wherein an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of
the article forming material through a confining and shaping
orifice.
Subclass:
37.33
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into injection molding process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3. Processes
wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or
is reused in an injection molding operation.
(1) Note. Injection molding is considered an operation
wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to
force said material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the
shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
Subclass:
39
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include a step of cleaning or polishing or
otherwise mechanically or physically treating the apparatus
or a working surface thereof in order to restore, maintain or
bring said apparatus to a desired or necessary operating
condition.
(1) Note. Preheating a mold or maintaining a mold at a
temperature sufficiently high to shape thermoplastic material
is deemed to be a common expedient in the art and patents
reciting these steps will be classified on other steps.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents reciting a step of
precooling a mold to return it to operating temperature and
the use of intermittently applied purging compositions as
well as physical and solvent removal of contaminants,
incrustations and/or surfaces of molds, per se.
(3) Note. The use of mold lubricants applied, per se, or
incorporated in the molding composition is provided for
elsewhere, see the search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for processes including the step of cooling to 32 deg.F
or O deg.C.
85 for processes which include the step of flushing of a
mold with an inert (nonsolvent) liquid.
169 for processes which include the step of preventing
equipment fouling accumulations and deposits in formation of
continuous or indefinite length articles, which may include
e.g., addition of an ingredient to spinning composition or
bath or spinnerette of a particular structure or
composition.
300 for casting, molding or die shaping, per se, in which a
lubricant or release agent is incorporated directly into the
molding composition.
327 for processes including the step of differential heating
or cooling in the mold.
338 for processes which recite employment of specific mold
coatings or linings which may be disclosed to be lubricants
or antistick agents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 27 for processes including
cleaning of apparatus employed in glass working.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for cleaning of a mold, per se.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 199 for processes in
papermakng which include an apparatus conditioning or
preparing step.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 121 for preconditioning
processes for metal casting apparatus and subclass 158 for
apparatus of that class with cleaning means.
Subclass:
40.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes include the step of sampling, audibly or chemically
testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically or
mechanically determining some variable condition in a shaped
article, molding material, the mold or shaping surface.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining
imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction
or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired
variations which activate correction mechanisms. Recitations
of optimum or desired temperatures of pressures or
proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and
are classified with the disclosed process on some other
basis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 407 for processes including a
step of testing or indicating combined with mechanical
manufacture.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
testing, per se.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49 and 198
for processes of testing or inspecting combined with a paper
making operation.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 79 for metal casting
operations employing a pore producing agent.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
processes of chemical testing.
Subclass:
40.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1. Processes
wherein the movement or shape of a molding material is
controlled by direct contact of a fluid.
Subclass:
40.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1. Processes
wherein the weight or volume of the molding material is
measured.
(1) Note. Operations of a container to a desired capacity
or maintaining the molding material at a desired capacity is
considered to be proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
40.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1. Processes
wherein either the position of a mold part to form a shaping
cavity or pressure of a mold part on the molding material is
controlled.
(1) Note. Controlling the relative position of a doctor
blade with respect to the molding material is included in
this subclass.
Subclass:
40.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1. Processes
wherein the introduction or removal of heat from the molding
material is controlled.
Subclass:
40.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1. Processes
wherein the movement of the molding material or a substrate
supporting the molding material in a continuous process is
controlled.
(1) Note. A continuous process for this subclass is either
(1) set up for repetitive operations or (2) wherein an
endless flow of molding material leaves the molding cavity.
Subclass:
41
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes including the step of forming pores or voids in an
article or material, said pore forming being effected
internally by occluding or incorporating void forming or void
producing elements or ingredients randomly throughout the
plastic article forming material.
(1) Note. Where particulate material is united leaving
spaces between the individual particles, the patent does not
go here, but to subclass 109.
(2) Note. Processes wherein an article or material is
mechanically performed to form voids are provided for in
subclass 138.
(3) Note. Pore forming when not combined with significant
molding is provided for in various classes and the general
lines between those classes and Class 264 is followed even
though the step of forming pores is recited.
(4) Note. Included within the scope of this and indented
subclasses is enlarging voids already present in a material
by expanding gases contained therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317 for processes generally which involves the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void.
321 for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
610 for burning, vaporization, or melting of embedded
element or core to form a nonrandom void during firing of an
inorganic shaped article or preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for pore forming in abrasive materials.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 122, 601+
and 672+ for pore forming, per se, in compositions within the
definitions of the class.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
77 for a pore forming step in combination with a laminating
operation.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 101 for a
pore forming step within the class definition.
366, Agitating, 3 for a step of gas incorporation in mixing
mortar.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 39 and 80+ for
pore-forming ceramic compositions.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 50 for pore
forming, per se, in a synthetic resin or natural resin
composition.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 255 for the forming of pores or voids in the
production of a material containing hazardous or toxic waste
for purposes of containment.
Subclass:
42
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes
wherein the material that is foamed is inorganic in nature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
332 and 333, for general processes for molding inorganic
materials employing heat or pressure.
Subclass:
43
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Processes
wherein the inorganic material is heated to a sintering or
fusion temperature.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
603 for vitrifying or sintering processes of shaped bodies.
Subclass:
44
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes
wherein the pores are formed by burning out an entrained
combustible material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for processes directed to firing, sintering or
vitrifying in which an embedded part is burned out to leave a
void.
656 wherein a binder is used to hold together particulate
material prior to firing and which is removed during firing.
Subclass:
45.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes
directed to the production of a plural layered or multipart
article.
Subclass:
45.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein a mold part is inflatable or expandable, or an
inflatable form is used as a base on which foaming material
solidifies.
(1) Note. Generally the inflatable or expandable feature is
to facilitate insertion or removal of a plural layered of
multipart article which is formed in a mold.
Subclass:
45.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein particles, fibers, or batts are incorporated within
the foamed mass in a random distribution.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.4 for a process of forming fibers into a rigid layer and
coating the rigid layer with foam in a separate step.
Subclass:
45.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein the material to be foamed is in the form of beads or
particles which unite when expanded.
Subclass:
45.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein: (1) The surface of a preformed material is treated
so as to form a foam or, (2) Wherein a foam from a single
foamable material is formed and the density of the foam at
its exterior surface is different from the density of the
foam in the interior thereof.
(1) Note. Processes involving the preparation of different
density foams found herein generally involve the collapsing
or prevention of the expansion of foaming material in a
closed mold.
Subclass:
45.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.5. Processes
wherein the surface foam layer is produced by exposing the
preformed base material to a treating agent.
Subclass:
45.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein foaming is caused in a rotational mold or in which
the feedstock is forced into the mold by centrifugal force.
Subclass:
45.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes
wherein a continuous, running or indefinite length body is
formed by an uninterrupted molding step or a sequential
series of steps is preformed in a continuous manner.
(1) Note. The final article produced need not be of
indefinite length, as for example, wherein the continuous,
running or indefinite length body is cut into predetermined
length pieces.
(2) Note. Extrusion is generally assumed to produce an
indefinite length product.
Subclass:
45.9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.8. Processes
wherein material is shaped by forcing a supply of said
material through an orifice.
Subclass:
46.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.9. Processes
wherein following extrusion the extrudate is further shaped
by the application of force.
Subclass:
46.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.8. Processes
wherein a foam is shaped by two moving surfaces.
(1) Note. Included herein are, for example, belts, rolls,
or between a calender and a roll or a roll and a flat moving
surface, etc.
Subclass:
46.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.2. Processes
wherein shaping takes place between a pair of coating
continuously moving surfaces and at least one of the surfaces
is generally cylindrical and revolves about the longitudinal
axis of the cylinder with rolling motion relative to the
material shaped.
(1) Note. Included herein, for example, is shaping between
a pair of rolls, a roll and an endless belt or by a
calender.
Subclass:
46.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1. Processes in
which a molding material remains united with a preform or
solidified layer to constitute a composite article, one of
whose layers is porous.
(1) Note. Solidified layer includes any collection of
material given form by a shape defining means and possessing
at least a minimal degree of cohesiveness, for example,
layers formed by slush molding, spraying or layup on a mold
or more generally any material that would be a preform, but
for the fact that it remains in the mold in which it is
formed.
Subclass:
46.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1. Processes
wherein two distinct preformed bodies or solidified layers
with opposing surfaces are positioned in a spaced
relationship with each other and a porous material at least
partially fills the space between them, said porous material
acting to unite the preforms or solidified layers and being
contained at least in part by said preforms or solidified
layers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45.8 for uniting spaced preforms where the preforms are of
indefinite length.
Subclass:
46.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4. Processes
wherein foam material is deposited in a recess or cavity in a
preform or solidified layers such that the preform or
solidified layer forms the surface of a fully or partially
foam filled article.
(1) Note. This subclass includes filling hollow articles
with foam and making foam filled or plugged articles.
Subclass:
46.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4. Processes
wherein a metal part or a material which lends strength or
rigidity to the final article is covered with foam.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46.5 for panels with reinforcement provided by the surface
layer.
Subclass:
46.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.5. Processes
wherein the surface to be coated or filled is subjected to
deformation caused by heat and a pressure differential.
(1) Note. Included herein is vacuum forming, etc.
Subclass:
46.9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4. Processes
wherein the preform or solidified layer is curvilinear.
(1) Note. Included herein are preforms or solidified layers
which are circular, toroidal, annular, etc.
Subclass:
48
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes
wherein the exterior or outside surface of a porous body is
subjected to a chemical or physical treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 and 340+, for processes of treating nonporous bodies.
Subclass:
49
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in
which the voids are formed by subjecting embedded solids to a
treatment which changes the physical dimension or state of
the solids and causes the space the solids previously
occupied to be left as voids.
(1) Note. If the occluded solid is removed by changing it
to a gas the process is here if the void is produced by the
solid, rather than by the expansion of the gas. See subclass
51 for processes in which a generated gas forms the voids.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for processes in which embedded solids are changed to a
gas and the expanding gas creates voids and see (1) Note
above.
Subclass:
50
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes in
which a pore forming gas is introduced or forced by
mechanical means into a plastic material before the molding
and solidification operation.
(1) Note. Operations including shaping and solidification
of a froth, per se, with no pore forming steps are classified
below on manipulative molding steps and cross-referenced here
when pertinent.
Subclass:
51
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes
wherein the voids are formed or enlarged by occluded gas
which may be generated or expanded.
Subclass:
52
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes
wherein the expansion of the porous material is inhibited by
the presence of a chemical or mechanical means other than
mere confines of the mold, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
55 for controlling expansion by volumetric mold capacity
changes.
Subclass:
53
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in
which the voids are formed by a liquid to gas change of
state, i.e., vaporization of a liquid incorporated into the
molding material.
Subclass:
54
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Processes in
which the voids are formed by the generation of gas by a
chemical reaction of gas producing reactants or agents
incorporated in the molding material.
Subclass:
55
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes in
which the chemical blowing to produce the pores is effected
in two or more stages or in which the expansion takes place
by means of varying expansion space.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
52 for incremental expansion by means of an expansion
retarder.
Subclass:
68
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes where heat is produced by moving contact between
surfaces of plural bodies.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 73 for processes of friction welding to unite or
laminate plural bodies.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, 112 for a process of welding
metals by friction.
Subclass:
69
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include the step of applying or effecting an
oscillation or to and fro movement to the article forming
material in a mold, or to the molding surface, or applying a
sudden impact to the mold.
(1) Note. For agglomerating of particles by agitating or
tumbling, see this class, subclass 117 and the notes
thereto.
(2) Note. Tamping, per se, is considered a form of pressure
application only and is excluded from this subclass.
(3) Note. Processes including a sliding movement between a
reciprocating mold and a concrete surface to give a
trowelling effect are included herein.
(4) Note. Patents claiming "rapid" or "high frequency"
vibration, per se, with no disclosure as to the particular
frequencies employed will be placed herein. To complete a
search, however, see this class subclasses 442+ and the
definition and notes thereto, and see (3) Note above with
reference to the use of sonic or supersonic wave energy in
the process.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9 for formation of particulate material from a molten or
liquid mass by vibration or agitation.
117 and see (1) Note above.
442 and see (4) Note, above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 71.1 and 477 of vibratorially
treating metal casting material.
Subclass:
70
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes
wherein the treated article is one formed in a continuous
manner or is of a running or indefinite length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for processes, per se, of forming continuous or
indefinite length articles.
Subclass:
71
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Processes in
which the mold and its contents are vibrated or in which
there is a reciprocal motion between a moving mold surface
and the material therein.
Subclass:
72
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Processes
wherein said mold vibration or reciprocation is
discontinuous; of varying intensity or the vibrations are of
different character, one from the other.
Subclass:
73
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a random, haphazard coloring effect is
obtained as a result of and during a shaping operation.
(1) Note. The color pattern of the product produced by this
subclass is random usually because at least one of the
components is rendered fluent by the shaping operation and
there is random or uncontrolled flow of the coloring agent.
Processes in which controlled pattern multicolored articles
are made by compositing or molding plural materials may be
found in subclasses 245+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for processes including a dyeing step or the
incorporation of dye susceptible material.
245 and see (1) Note above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for compositions
resembling marble by reason of the mere mixing of named
ingredients.
118, Coating Apparatus, 402 for apparatus for applying a
marbled coating by means of a floating film of coating
material.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 63 for processes of manually arranging differently
colored or shaped discrete elements to form a design.
427, Coating Processes, 256 for processes of forming
nonuniform coatings.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
single or plural layer web or sheet which may have a random
variegated color, especially 141 for a textured or rough
surface of variegated color.
Subclass:
74
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes
wherein the variegated coloring occurs only in the surface
portion of the article; i.e., does not extend entirely
through the article.
Subclass:
75
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes
wherein the variegated coloring is produced by forcing
differently colored materials through a shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length
articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping orifice.
323 for processes of extruding finite articles, per se.
Subclass:
76
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes
wherein the variegated coloring is produced by sheeting
differently colored materials between coacting rollers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for processes of forming a continuous or running length
article, per se, by a calendering operation.
Subclass:
77
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Processes
wherein the molding operation which produces the random
variegated coloring effect involves the application of
pressure to the differently colored materials in a confined
space.
Subclass:
78
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include the step of (1) dyeing an article or
workpiece or (2) incorporating a dye susceptible ingredient
in the molding material.
(1) Note. The dye susceptible ingredient incorporated into
the molding material is not in itself a colored ingredient or
a dye, per se, but is capable of subsequent treatment or
reaction to form a colored body, (e.g., vat or leuco dyes,
mordants, etc.).
(2) Note. This subclass includes processes in which a dye
susceptible material is incorporated into a spinning solution
which is then spun or extruded into a coagulating bath which
contains a reactant for the dye susceptible material to
produce the color, even if the reactant is the only specific
ingredient of the bath which is named.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for processes in which a random variegated effect is
achieved during the molding or shaping operation.
132 for processes including the step of applying an indicia
or design to the shaped article.
245 for producing composite structure with multicolored
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly subclass
154, 489 and 497 and see the notes and search notes thereto.
See also the main definitions to this Class 264, section II,
A 2. For weighting or mordanting of materials classified
therein, see Class 8, subclass 443. Processes which include
a nominal or broadly recited molding step combined with the
step of dyeing the formed or coagulated filament are provided
for in Class 8.
Subclass:
79
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the escape of a volatile component of a
molded article composition through the surface of the article
is prevented, minimized or slowed by the application of a
relatively impermeable layer to said surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for processes including the step of coating the formed
article which coating may act inherently to perform various
functions.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 90 for use of a barrier layer to prevent migration
or bleeding between laminae.
Subclass:
80
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein at least a portion of a preform is (1)
subjected to direct contact by an open flame or (2) contacted
by a heat which chemically decomposes a surface portion to
shape the preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for processes including a carbonizing step.
234 for processes including subsequent temperature changes.
345 for processes directed to treating shaped or solid
articles by a temperature change.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 140 for
processes of singeing or carbonizing of textiles.
29, Metal Working, subclass 423 for processes including
discarding or destroying of material.
125, Stone Working, subclass 1 for flame cutting of
stone-like materials.
144, Woodworking, 329 for flame treatment of wood.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 82 for flame treatment combined with a laminating
step.
427, Coating Processes, 223 for coating processes including
flame contact.
Subclass:
81
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein material employed in forming an article is
applied to a shaping surface in a gaseous or vapor state.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for vapor depositing a coating on a surface of an
article out of a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 46 for metal deposition
processes projecting vapor onto a shaping surface.
427, Coating Processes, 248.1 for processes of coating with
vapor, gas or smoke.
Subclass:
82
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which a workpiece or molding material is
subjected to treatment with an applied gas or vapor, which
gas or vapor reacts chemically with at least the surface of
the workpiece.
(1) Note. Processes in which steam generated by heating wet
concrete would not bring a patent here. To be placed in this
subclass steam or vapor must be added from an external source
or be created from water other than that in the concrete.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
85 for processes utilizing an inert gaseous atmosphere.
232 for processes including subsequent disparate treatment
of article after working, shaping or molding.
333 for mere heating of hydraulic inorganic settable
materials.
340 for treatment, per se, of shaped or solid articles.
643 for processes directed to firing, sintering or
vitrifying of shaped articles or preforms with coating by
vapor contacting said body after firing.
646 for processes of utilizing a chemically reactive
atmosphere other than air, per se, during sintering to
convert precursor to ceramic material.
674 for processes involving specified composition of heating
atmosphere, other than air.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for reactive steam treatment of inorganic
materials when combined with a broadly recited molding step.
427, Coating Processes, 248.1 for processes of coating with
a vapor, gas, or smoke.
Subclass:
83
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Processes
wherein the work or material being reacted with a gas or
vapor is an organic material.
Subclass:
84
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein material is consolidated by an explosive
force or detonation which produces a large sudden compacting
pressure on said material.
Subclass:
85
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein (1) a named nonreactive gas is used as the
environment for the shaping, working, or treating operation
on a material or (2) the ambient atmosphere of a mold is
replaced by a nonreactive liquid.
(1) Note. To be placed in this subclass as an original
patent the invention claimed must specify a particular inert
atmosphere such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The term "inert" alone in a claim is not sufficient to place
the patent in this subclass. Also air and steam have been
excluded from this subclass even though they may be claimed
as inert materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for solvent flushing a mold to dissolve contaminants from
its surface.
65 for processes for firing or vitrifying wherein the
composition of the atmosphere is controlled.
Subclass:
86
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a liquid component or liquid vehicle for a
moldable material is removed or separated from the material
through a foraminous shaping surface.
(1) Note. The shaping surface for this subclass may have
holes extending there-through as in the case of a perforated
sheet, or the body of the mold may be absorbent as in the
case of a porous plaster mold which will absorb water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
91 for processes for forming articles by uniting particles
carried in a gas stream.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses, for forming fibrous felted products from slurries
by draining the liquid carrier through a foraminous mold
surface.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate
subclasses for processes for dewatering slurries to produce a
formless mass of material.
Subclass:
87
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This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Processes which
include the use of pneumatic pressure or that created by a
vacuum effect directly applied to the liquid to aid in
removal of the liquid through the mold surface.
Subclass:
101
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes including the application of a reduced pressure,
below atmospheric, to a workpiece or molding material to
effect the chemical and/or physical properties or the
condition thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 88+ and 335, for other art relating to the application of
fluid pressure differential to the work.
Subclass:
102
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This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes in
which the vacuum is directly applied to a element or material
to remove trapped gases or prevent gases from being entrained
or trapped in a workpiece or material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 286 for utilizing a vacuum to remove trapped gases
from between laminae.
Subclass:
103
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include a step of twining, braiding, plying
or twisting multiple elements about each other or the step of
textile fabric formation.
(1) Note. The fabric formation may be by weaving, knitting,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
295 for molding followed by a bending or twisting step and
339 for bending or twisting processes, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, and the various species classes
related thereto, for textile operations, per se, not combined
with a significant step for this class.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 175, 190, 193,
and 196+ for a stock material product in the form of a single
or plural layer web or sheet embodying mechanically
interengaged strands or strand-portions (e.g., weave, or
knit).
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 181 for a woven fabric and subclasses 304+ for a knit
fabric.
Subclass:
104
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a material which is capable of carrying an
electric current is plastically shaped to form an article in
which such electric current carrying function is utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171.1 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length stratified or layered articles around a strand-like or
filament like preform.
272 for processes of encapsulating an electrical component
in shaped material.
614 for processes of forming electrical articles including
the step of vitrification, sintering or firing of shaped
inorganic preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
72, Metal Deforming, 253.1 for making a metal wire or
filament by die-extruding it.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
47 for processes of making electrical conductors of
indefinite length not otherwise provided for, see (2) Note
therein.
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 291 for
electrodes for electrolytic apparatus made of plastic
compositions.
252, Compositions, 500 for compositions specialized for use
as electrical conductors or emitters or electrical devices
for such use defined solely in terms of the compositions of
which they are composed.
373, Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, 88 for electrodes
for arc furnaces which are formed from plastic materials.
Subclasses 592.1+ of Class 29 constitute the generic place
for making electrical devices, including electrodes, from
metal and include processes which include a metal working
operation.
419, Power Metallurgy Processes, subclass 4 for processes of
making filaments or fibers from metal containing powers by
pressure and heat.
427, Coating Processes, 58 for processes of forming
electrical products by a coating operation.
445, Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device
Manufacturing, 35, 46+ and 60+ and the classes referred to in
the notes thereto for other classes which provide for method
an apparatus for making electrodes for electric lamp and
electric space discharge devices.
Subclass:
105
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This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Processes
wherein at least a part of the electroconductive material is
conductive carbon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
29 for processes under the class definition which include a
carbonizing step.
Subclass:
106
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein an article has sound reproducing grooves
formed on its surface by a molding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
36 for processes of repairing or restoring articles for use
which involve removal of the sound grooves in a record and
appropriate subclasses under 239+ for molding operations
which produce articles, per se, which may be disclosed to
have utility in making sound producing records.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 37 for
sound recording compositions, per se.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 68 for
electroforming methods of producing sound records.
369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval, 84 for
dynamic recording.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 64.1 for a
disc which does not have the sound track.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 174 for a
composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber
having utility as a phonograph record molding composition or
to processes of preparing said composition.
Subclass:
107
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This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes
wherein the molding operation is performed on a solid preform
to produce a disk-shaped record.
Subclass:
108
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which particulate material or filler in a
flowable plastic mass is aligned, arranged or oriented while
in said mass to give a desired physical effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
24 for processes in which electrical or wave energy is
applied directly to fibers or other particulate material to
move, align or effect deposition of said fibers or
particles.
109 for processes of randomly associating particles.
Subclass:
109
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to bonding to each other individually
distinct particles which are associated randomly by bulk
handling or deposition to form a layer containing a major
amount of the particulate material.
(1) Note. The relative sizes of the particles are
immaterial, however the particles must retain their discrete
nature during the associating and bonding operation.
Further, the mere presence of particles in a liquid carrier
is not sufficient for this subclass (e.g., fillers or
slurries), this being considered to be the molding of a
fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of
particles and is provided for in appropriate subclasses
below.
(2) Note. The material is usually but not necessarily in
the form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate
material may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the
latent adhesive characteristics of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for processes of forming solid particulate material by
liquid or melt comminuting combined with uniting of said bulk
assembled or deposited particles.
91 for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles.
131 for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material.
239 for processes of molding (1) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler; (2) colloidal or
nonsettling dispersions, e.g., rubber latex or clay; and (3)
plastic particulate material which lose their identity during
molding to form a homogeneous product and see (1) Note
above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, 144 for a process of
bringing particles together, for example by air laying, and
see the notes in subclasses 144+ for the line between this
class (264) and Class 19.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, 313 for agglomerating
processes provided for in that class.
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 550 for a solid fuel
consolidation or shaping process which goes beyond mere
molding of a starting composition, especially subclasses 596+
for a process which includes pressing using a specified
condition or technique.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
for a process of making an abrasive tool, material, or
composition for abrading purposes. Also see "Search Class''
under the definition of Class 51 for related fields of search
for preparing abrasive material stock.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 443 for processes of forming glass
fibers or filaments from a glass melt combined with coating,
which may include adhesively bonding the fibers using any
bonding medium or autogenously to form a glass fiber felt or
mat; subclasses 36+ for processes of fusing glass fiber or
particles to each other to form a felt. See also the main
definition to this class (264) for further delineation of the
line with Class 65.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, see especially the notes thereto
for the locus of other art relating to particle uniting and
228 for a consolidated metal particle composition.
100, Presses, 35 for a method of intermingling and/or
deforming particulate material to mechanically unite the
particles together at their respective interfaces without use
of a binder.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 62.2 for a process of forming a felted article by
simultaneously uniting of particles combined with the step of
adhesively bonding the felted article to another part.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 100 for a process of
forming an interfelted fibrous product, e.g., paper
interfelted fibrous product, e.g., paper from a liquid
fibrous suspension.
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 for a process
for a mechanical pressing or briquetting of solid
carbonaceous material combined with a thermolytic
distillation operation.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 61 processes for making
articles from metal particles by pressure without heat and
subclass 1 for similar processes which use heat.
425, Plastic Articles or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 80.1 for corresponding apparatus.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 180 for processes of
coating utilizing solid particles or fibers.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 87
for a product with a pile or nap type surface and including
particulate matter, subclasses 143+ for a stock material in
the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has a
textured or rough surface comprising particulate matter,
subclasses 323+ for a composite web or sheet including a
component having structurally defined particles, and
subclasses 402+ for structurally defined or coated
particles.
Subclass:
110
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
wherein the particulate material is mica.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
125, Stone Working, subclass 24, for a process of separating
mica or mica-like materials along its line of cleavage.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, subclass 4
for a process of comminuting or disintegrating micaceous
material.
252, Compositions, subclass 378, for a process of exfoliating
micaceous material.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 324,
for a stock material product in the form of a single or
plural layer web or sheet including a component comprising
structurally defined mica, subclass 363 for a structurally
defined mica flake or mass or layer thereof, and subclasses
454+ for a nonstructural composite sheet or web including a
layer comprising mica.
Subclass:
112
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
directed to forming an article having plural layers by
molding; at least one layer being formed by bonding of
randomly associated particles to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for processes of uniting particles including the step of
formation of said particles from a molten or liquid mass, or
other glass.
35 for forming composite structural installations in situ
from inorganic hydraulic settable materials.
60 for forming a composite structure from particles combined
with a firing step.
241 for processes of forming composite structures
generally.
Subclass:
113
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This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Processes
which includes forming at least two distinct layers or strata
of the formed article by a particle uniting operation.
(1) Note. A process of simultaneously forming two layers of
particulate material and uniting them at their source of
formation is within the scope of this subclass.
Subclass:
114
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
which include the use of centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
311 for a process of reshaping or molding other materials
utilizing centrifugal force.
Subclass:
115
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
including a step of initially forming the particles from
nonparticulate material or liberating them from a fiber or
particle containing material.
(1) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are, for
example, carding, grinding, cutting, etc., as well as forming
particles by a molding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for processes including a step of forming particles from a
molten or liquid mass other than glass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, .3 for a process of
severing filaments of indefinite length to produce discrete
fibers.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 376 for processes of forming glass
fibers or filaments, particularly subclasses 443+ and 454+
for processes of forming glass fiber felt or mat by bulk
assembly. For further delineation of the line between Class
65 and Class 264 see the class definition for Class 65,
section III B.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 1 for processes of
chemical liberation, recovery or purification of natural
cellulose or fibrous material.
Subclass:
116
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This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Processes in
which the particles are liberated from a previously
manufactured article of associated interfelted fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for processes including a cutting step to form a flaked,
shredded or pelleted product.
Subclass:
117
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
directed to tumbling or otherwise agitating a mass of fine
discrete particle to cause adherence of the particles to one
another thereby producing larger size on particles.
(1) Note. The above process is usually referred to in the
art as agglomeration or accretion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, 313 for a process of
agglomerating finely divided solid nonmetallic elements or
inorganic compounds to coalesce the elements or compounds not
involving use of a binder which remains as part of the final
product. The use of a fugitive binder, e.g., water would not
exclude the process from Class 23.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, appropriate subclasses for
processes of agglomerating fertilizer particles.
Subclass:
118
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
which include the step of cutting, grooving, breaking or
comminuting the article formed from the united particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 and 116, for processes pertaining to formation of
particles which are subsequently united to form a final
product.
138 for a molding process combined with the step of
mechanically removing material from a preform or forming a
comminuted product.
140 for processes including a cutting step to form a flaked,
shredded or pelleted product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses, e.g., subclass 4 for comminuting of
laminated or fibrous material and see sections 4 and 5 of the
definitions of Class 241.
Subclass:
119
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
which include the step of reshaping or surface embossing the
formed product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 for a process of mechanically shaping workpiece,
particularly subclasses 284 and 293 for embossing and 320+
for reshaping solid work.
Subclass:
120
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
which include applying pressure (1) which varies stepwise in
intensity or (2) intermittently or sequentially.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 312 for a laminating process including sequential
different pressure applying steps.
Subclass:
121
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
using a moving gas stream or current to convey particulate
material onto a collecting surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, 144 and see the search
note to Class 19 in subclass 109 of this class (264).
406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclass 197 miscellaneous
processes involving conveying solid material with the
assistance of a forced propelling fluid current.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 80.1 for a molding apparatus comprising means
utilizing an air current for randomly associating particulate
material on a shaping surface.
Subclass:
122
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
involving the use of (1) two or more kinds of particles
differing in composition or (2) particles of the same
composition but disclosed to be of different particle sizes.
(1) Note. Where particles of different composition are
employed, these may bond autogenously at their surfaces, a
liquid binder or adhesive may be used or one of the kinds of
particles may act as a binder by, for example, losing its
identity as a particle by melting and flowing about or
between the remaining solid particles.
(2) Note. Where different sizes of particles of similar
composition are employed, said difference in size of the
particles must be set out, since it is understood that
normally in particles handled in mass or bulk, there will be
minute differences in particle size although the overall
appearance thereof would indicate homogeneity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 141 for processes of
uniting plural different fibers in a paper making operation.
Subclass:
123
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
which include the step of treating the surface of particulate
material and/or a dry adhesive coating previously applied to
the particulate material, to render the surface of the
material tacky thereby causing bonding of the individual
particles to each other.
(1) Note. The particulate material, usually thermo-plastic,
is treated with a fluid material which is not an adhesive,
per se, and usually is a solvent for the material, or by the
application of heat to render tacky the solid particulate
material or dry coating thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122 for processes in which plural different solid particles
are united, one of which may act as an adhesive and which may
or may not retain its particle identity on, for example,
application of heat to activate it as an adhesive.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
308.2 for an adhesive bonding process which includes
tackifying the substance of a self-sustaining laminar to be
bonded.
Subclass:
124
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This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes
which involves uniting particles containing a natural binder
which under uniting conditions functions to bond the
particles to each other.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
patents relating to bonding cork particles.
Subclass:
125
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This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes in
which the autogenous bonding of the particles is effected by
the application of heat with or without pressure.
(1) Note. Heat resulting from the application of pressure
alone is not considered to be a positive application of heat.
Also, some but not all of the particles may be melted;
essentially the formed body must be of joined particles, not
particles liquified by heat. Patents in which powdered or
particulate material is completely melted are provided for in
subclasses 239+ based on various manipulative molding steps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
239 and see (1) Note above.
603 for a process of sintering a shaped inorganic preform
external of a mold.
Subclass:
126
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Processes in
which the particles or the dry coating thereof comprise
organic material.
Subclass:
127
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Processes in
which the organic material is a fluorinated hydrocarbon
resin.
Subclass:
128
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This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Processes
wherein a liquid adhesive is applied to the particulate
material subsequent to the assembly, association or
deposition thereof.
(1) Note. See the search notes in subclass 109 above
pertaining to processes in which particulate material, e.g.,
fillers and binder material are mixed in a slurry prior to
deposition thereof in a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
123 for autogenous bonding of particles in which a liquid or
solvent which is not, per se, an adhesive is employed to
render the particles or surfaces thereof tacky or capable of
adhesion.
122 for processes employing plural different solid particles
one of which may act as an adhesive and which may or may not
retain its identity as particle subsequent to uniting.
129 for molding combined with a coating step performed
outside of the mold.
Subclass:
129
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This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes including the step of applying a layer of fluent
material to the workpiece, which material is not restrained
or confined by a mold or shaping surface.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, application of a
coating to a shaped article is generally outside of a mold.
Where an added layer of material is applied to a previous
layer while in the mold it is assumed that the layer is
subjected to mold shaping and thus excluded, regardless of
the thickness of said surface layer, unless there is a
specific disclosure that the coating is unrestrained.
(2) Note. Treatment material, e.g., catalysts, solvents,
softening materials such as water, etc., are not considered
coatings or impregnants for this subclass.
(3) Note. The general line between this class (264) and
Class 427, Coating Processes, with regard to processes of
reshaping or deforming plus coating will be as follows:
a) Where a base is coated and the coating only is reshaped or
deformed, the patent will go in Class 427.
b) Where a base is coated and the subsequent reshaping or
deforming is applied to the coating and the contiguous
surface to which the coating is applied, without an overall
reshaping of the base and without altering the shape of any
noncoated surface, the patent will go to Class 427.
c) Where a base is surface deformed only on one side or area
so that there is no overall reshaping of the entire base, and
the deformed surface is subsequently coated, the patent will
go to Class 427.
d) Where a base is coated and there is subsequent overall
reshaping of the resulting coated article or, when the base
is in the form of a planar sheet or web, there is subsequent
reshaping of both surfaces, e.g., corrugating, the patent
will go to Class 264.
e) Where there is surface deformation of only one surface of
a base, the opposed surface remaining unaltered, and the
unaltered surface is coated, the patent will go to Class
264.
f) Where a base is reshaped overall or where opposing
surfaces are reshaped, deformed, e.g., embossed, and then
coated either on one or both deformed surfaces, the patent
will go to Class 264.
g) Where a base is coated and subsequently said coated
article is surface deformed, e.g., embossed through the
coating and a portion of the base on opposed sides or
surfaces, the patent will go to Class 264.
(4) Note. For nominal molding followed by a significant
coating step see Class 427, Coating Processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7 for processes of forming solid particles liquids or melts
combined with a coating step of said particles.
79 for processes including the step of applying a barrier
layer to the surface of an article to prevent escape of
volatiles.
128 for processes of assembling random, bulk deposited
particles with subsequent application of liquid binder
thereto.
232 for subsequent disparate treatment of formed articles.
255 for processes of forming plural layers in a mold, the
surface layer being similar to a coating in the final
product.
304 and 308, for processes in which plural layers of the
same material are built up in the mold.
343 for swelling or plasticizing, per se.
603 for processes of firing, sintering or vitrifying of
shaped articles or preforms having combined steps of shaping
and coating.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a
composite web or sheet, especially 411 for plural layer
products not elsewhere provided for.
442, Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth,
etc.), 59 for a coated or impregnated fabric.
Subclass:
130
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes
wherein the coating has the function of preventing adhesion
or sticking between the formed articles and/or adjacent
material, surfaces or objects.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264 for the use of an antiadhesion layer between layers in a
compositing operation.
300 for processes in which a release agent is added to the
molding material.
338 for processes in which a release agent is coated on a
mold.
Subclass:
131
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes in
which the coating or printing material is applied as and
remains in the form of particles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for processes of forming layered articles by molding
randomly assembled particles.
130 for particulate coating of an antistick nature.
Subclass:
132
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes
wherein the printing or coating is applied to the workpiece
to provide planned ornamentation or intelligence at the
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for processes for forming random variegated colors during
the molding operation.
245 for processes of forming multi-colored surfaces by a
compositing operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, appropriate subclasses for printing, per se.
Subclass:
133
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes
wherein the base that is coated embodies a material
containing clay, concrete, sand or other earthy material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
79 for coating siliceous or calcareous bases with a barrier
layer to prevent or retard evaporation of a volatile
component.
136 for coating processes in which base is glass fibers.
256 for processes of forming a layer in a mold on a body
containing clay, sand or calcareous material which was formed
in the same mold.
603 for processes of firing, sintering or vitrifying of
shaped articles or preforms having combined steps of shaping
and coating outside of the mold prior to or subsequent to the
firing steps.
Subclass:
134
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Processes in
which the workpiece has either a fluent layer applied to its
surface by a coating operation or the interstices of a porous
body are at least partially filled by said fluent material
prior to a shaping operation.
Subclass:
135
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes
including the step of molding or shaping plastic material
against the coated or impregnated preform and uniting said
plastic material to said preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171.1 for processes in which plastic material is shaped
against a preform to produce continuous or indefinite length
articles.
241 for processes for molding a plural part or composite
article.
Subclass:
136
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Processes
which includes the step of applying fluent material to a
fibrous, interfelted or porous preform so that at least a
portion of the fluent material enters the interstices of the
preform.
Subclass:
137
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes in
which the fluent impregant is solidified by an increase in
temperature.
Subclass:
138
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include a step of 1) penetrating a shaped
product from one face to another to cause at least a partial
separation of the product, 2) tearing an article, 3) removing
material from an article by means of a solid tool or
implement, or 4) forming a comminuted product.
(1) Note. The formation of grooves and ridges in the
surface of a workpiece resulting from a cutting separation of
only the surface material does not come here but is placed in
the appropriate subclasses below, e.g., subclasses 284 and
293.
(2) Note. For purposes of this subclass, the penetration
need not necessarily be by a sharp tool but may be made by
locally applied heat, for example.
(3) Note. Severing a mold charge from a fluent plastic bulk
source is not considered cutting for this and indented
subclasses.
(4) Note. To be placed herein, the operation must be
performed on a shaped article or preform. Mixing, mulling,
kneading of plastic materials are excluded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for comminuting of liquids to form solid, particulate
material.
118 for processes of uniting discrete bulk assembled
particles including a subsequent cutting, grooving or
comminuting step.
166 for processes of forming indefinite length articles
including the step of comminuting or separating of a core
only within an article.
284 and 293, for processes including a surface deformation,
e.g., embossing and see the note in subclass 284.
678 for processes of firing, sintering, or vitrifying of
shaped articles or preforms including a step of cutting,
punching, or grinding.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses for processes of cutting,
severing, perforating, etc., where not claimed in
combination.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for processes for solid material
comminuting and see particularly note 4 of the definitions to
Class 241 for the line as to the combination of shaping plus
comminuting.
Subclass:
139
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
wherein a facing layer portion of a multilayered body is
removed to expose an area of an underlying layer.
(1) Note. The facing layer may be removed to produce a
decorative effect, by way of example.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
250, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 270 for
laminating combined with the step of cutting one lamina
only.
Subclass:
140
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
combined with the step of cutting or comminuting the formed
product to produce flakes, shreds or pellets therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for processes of forming particulate material directly
from a molten or liquid mass.
116 for processes in which particulate material may be
united to form a web or sheet followed by comminuting and
reuniting of said comminuted particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses and see section 4 of the definitions
thereof as to the line between this class and Class 241 for
the combination of shaping plus subsequent comminuting.
Subclass:
141
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes
where the flaked, shredded or pelleted product is formed from
a material continuously extruded from a shaping orifice.
(1) Note. Where the cut-off product is of such size, length
or character as to be handled as individual units, the
process will be classified in subclasses 148+ below.
Subclass:
142
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes
where a knife engaging the extrusion die face is moved across
the extrusion orifice to cut the extruded material into the
desired flakes, pellets or shreds.
Subclass:
143
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Processes
where a continuously extruded filament is cut to short length
fibers or "staples".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
length articles, e.g., filaments, when not combined with a
cutting step.
Subclass:
144
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Processes
including the step of initially forming a continuous product
by casting on a moving drum or belt.
(1) Note. As an example of the subject matter of this
subclass is a process in which a plastic material is
calendered, formed as a sheet on one of the calender rolls,
then removed in the form of flakes.
Subclass:
145
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
which include the prior step of forming a continuous or
indefinite length article.
Subclass:
146
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Processes
wherein the continuously formed work is slit parallel to the
direction of movement.
Subclass:
147
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Processes
where a continuously formed web is slit longitudinally into
two or more filamentary or thread-like strips.
Subclass:
148
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Processes
wherein an extruded material is cut in a direction transverse
to the direction of movement away from the extrusion die to
produce discrete portions of a desired length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for processes wherein the pieces of cutoff extruded
material are of such small size as to be considered
particulate, e.g., pellets fibers or staple fibers.
Subclass:
149
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Processes
wherein plastic material is extruded around a core which
moves with the shaped material thereon to the cutting
station.
Subclass:
150
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Processes
wherein the product is elongated and hollow.
Subclass:
151
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Processes
wherein the extruded preform is reshaped before cutting to
length.
(1) Note. Reshaping for the purpose of this subclass
excludes stretching, since stretching conventionally
accompanies extrusion.
Subclass:
152
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
which includes a step of joining the severed portions or
parts.
(1) Note. The joinder of the severed portions or parts may
or may not be at the cut edges. As, for example, the
slitting of the edges of a web or sheet and overlapping and
securing the cut edges, or the splitting of a workpiece with
subsequent reuniting with the cut faces exposed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
250 for cutting and laminating of plastic or the like cut
parts or materials, e.g., subclass 251 pertaining to cut-
seaming.
Subclass:
153
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in
which articles are severed from sheet material by a cutting
action simultaneously on all areas being cut.
(1) Note. The article is usually severed by means of a
configured cutting die.
Subclass:
154
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in
which the operation involves either forming an aperture or
opening (1) which does not completely penetrate the article
and material is removed or (2) which completely penetrates
the article with or without material removal therefrom.
(1) Note. Search subclasses 284 and 293 for embossing
operations in which surface deformations are made in a
preform which do not extend through the preform and no
material is removed.
Subclass:
155
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Processes in
which the opening or aperture is formed by a punching or
drilling operation.
Subclass:
156
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes
where two or more holes are formed in each article.
Subclass:
157
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in
which a workpiece is divided into two or more sections to
form a plurality of articles.
(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass are processes
punching plural articles from a sheet or web in which the
sheet left after punching out the desired articles may be
considered to be waste, or wherein the dividing is for the
purpose of removing attached waste material, e.g., flash or
sprue. The entire work blank must be utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for punching of plural articles from a sheet and
subclass 161 for removal of flash or sprue.
Subclass:
158
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Processes
where the dividing consists of the cutting of relatively thin
sheets from a work piece generally along a plane parallel to
the major face of the produced sheet.
Subclass:
159
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Processes
where the work piece is an elongated hollow article.
Subclass:
160
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Processes
where the workpiece to be divided is in the form of a sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
153 for processes wherein plural articles are punched out
from a sheet.
Subclass:
161
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
where material removed from an article consists of (1) excess
material forced out between meeting faces of a multipart
closed mold and/or (2) excess material shaped by molding
material admitting or injecting means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
37 for processes in which flash or trim is recycled or
combined with additional molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, for flash trimming processes when not combined
with a molding step.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for removal of flash, trim or excess material when combined
with a laminating operation.
Subclass:
162
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes
wherein an integral portion of the surface of a shaped
preform is removed by a grinding, scraping, or abrasive
action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
284 and 293, for processes involving a surface deformation,
e.g., embossing and see the note in subclass 284.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
153 for a laminating process combined with an abrading
step.
451, Abrading, 28 for a process of abrading, and see the
notes thereto for related fields of search.
Subclass:
163
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Processes in
which the material separating operation is performed (1)
while the same area is being plastically reshaped or (2)
while the plastically formed material is still in contact
with the forming mold, die or surface.
Subclass:
164
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein the article is formed by the free and
unconfined pulling out of a plastic mass.
(1) Note. The surface configuration of the article formed
is imparted solely by the extension and not by coaction of
the plastic mass with a shape imparting mold surface.
(2) Note. Kneading or mulling operations, per se, e.g.,
taffy pulling type are not included herein in that a shaped
article is not produced. See subclass 349 and the notes
thereto for such subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for process of forming indefinite length work by other
than unconfined extension of a plastic mass.
288 and 291+, for processes relating to stretching, per se,
of a previously shaped article.
349 for kneading or mulling operations and see (2) Note
above.
Subclass:
165
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which are directed to the molding of a continuous,
running or indefinite length body of which at least one
molded element or component thereof is unitary in nature as
is formed by an uninterrupted molding step.
(1) Note. Processes relating to forming of plural finite
elements and combining these elements mechanically to each
other to form a running length article, e.g., a chain or
other mechanically interlocked article consisting of plural
parts are classified elsewhere, see the note to subclass 242
below.
(2) Note. Processes wherein a continuous article of varying
composition is produced by intermittent charges of molding
material of varying composition in the forming device are
included herein.
(3) Note. Where layered, stratified or plural element
containing indefinite or continuous articles are produced, at
least one element, layer or stratum must be unitary in
structure as set out in the definition or (2) Note above.
(4) Note. The final article produced need not be of
indefinite length, for example, forming a thread and winding
the thread into a finite article is included here.
(5) Note. The line between this class (264) and Classes 8,
Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, and 427 Coating
Processes, in regard to the fluid treatment of coagulated,
extruded or otherwise shaped plastic materials is that fluid
treatments of the formed structures, whether previously dried
or not, as well as processes which recite broadly the mere
fact of forming (without stating any significant forming step
as would be included in this class under the definitions)
combined with a significant subsequent fluid treatment are
placed in either of Classes 8 or 427, in accordance with the
line existing therebetween and set forth in the reference to
Class 8 in the class definition of Class 427. See also the
definitions to this class (264), and see the notes and search
notes to subclasses 129, 188, 195, 196, 232, and 340 of this
class (264).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for continuous article formation combined with pore
forming.
70 for processes of forming indefinite length article
including a vibratory step.
73 for producing indefinite length article of a random or
variegated color.
99 for processes wherein pneumatic pressure is applied to
the inside of a continuously extruded hollow article.
145 for continuous formation combined with cutting.
242 for processes of forming composite plural part or
multilayered articles wherein said parts are joined for
relative movement, e.g., chain or interlock effect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
particularly subclass 167 and 243 for forming of continuous
laminae combined with a laminating step.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for corresponding
apparatus, especially 67, for filament or film forming
apparatus, subclass 224 for fluent stock casting apparatus
for forming continuous lengths and subclasses 376.1+ for an
extrusion shaping machine.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 364 for a
filament of a particular size or shape, or coated.
Subclass:
166
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
including (1) a step of forming a mold or shaping element for
the work or (2) a step of destroying a mold or shaping
element subsequent to the molding step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for processes of pore forming in situ, e.g., 44, by
burning out of a component.
171.1 for forming a continuous length article by molding on
or around discrete axially aligned preforms, which preform
may be destroyed in part, or comminuted.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 155 for laminating processes including the step of
destroying a transitory material or element.
Subclass:
167
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein the formed article is nonuniform cross-sectionally
throughout its length which may result from a gradual change
in transverse dimensions or through intermittent or repeated
irregularities therein, said article being of monolithic
construction.
(1) Note. In this subclass may be found, for example,
processes for producing filaments of irregular denier.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171.1 for framing continuous length articles which are
stratified or layered even though cross-sectional area
irregularities may exist through spaced elements thereon.
Subclass:
168
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein a crimped, creped or crinkled effect is imparted to
the formed articles which may be from a physical treatment or
inherently resulting from the ingredients and/or chemical
processes employed in the article formation or subsequent
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 117 for
processes involving a chemical modification of textile
materials to produce a wool like or crinkle effect.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 183 for laminating processes which include a
creping, wrinkling or crinkling step, and subclasses 196+ for
laminating processes including a permanent bending or
reshaping of a self sustaining lamina.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 111 and 280+ for
processes and apparatus for creping or crinkling paper-like
webs or sheets while still wet from the forming operation.
Subclass:
169
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
which include steps for prevention or removal of
incrustations and other equipment fouling accumulations.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for processes involving treating or conditioning
apparatus for use.
85 for processes including the step of flushing a mold with
an inert fluid.
195 for subsequent chemical treatment of viscose articles
which may be directed to a process for removal of
contaminants therefrom.
Subclass:
170
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Processes
wherein said fouling accumulations are prevented by means of
an additive chemical agent or ingredient in the article
forming material or in the forming or treating bath
therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for employing a specific additive to a spinning
solution to prevent clogging of spinnerettes. Where claims
are drawn in such a manner that the anticlogging agent may be
either the bath or spinning solution then the patent will be
placed as an original in this class (264), and
cross-reference to Class 106.
Subclass:
171.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Layered, stratified transversely of length, or multiphase
macrostructure containing material (e.g., conjugate,
composite, islands-in-sea, sheath-core, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
directed to methods of forming indefinite or running length
articles comprising plural diverse elements or components in
a contiguous relationship in a cross-section taken through
said article, said contiguity extending for at least a
portion of the length of the article.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include the simultaneous
extrusion of a plurality of filaments which are then merely
gathered into a yarn or thread in a parallel or contiguous
relationship.
(2) Note. Where discrete elements are axially aligned on a
continuous base, said elements being either spaced or in butt
relationship, the patent is properly classified in this
subclass.
(3) Note. In the formation of indefinite length filaments,
particularly viscose, filaments with differentiated "skin"
and "core" which may be produced from a homogeneous material
and such processes will be classified below in appropriate
subclasses according to method or material employed.
(4) Note. Processes of forming "sheath-core" or "islands in
the sea" composites, strands, or filaments are properly
classified below in appropriate subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for forming a color variegated running or indefinite
length article.
103 for gathering of extruded filaments into a yarn or
thread.
135 for processes including coating or impregnating a
preform combined with shaping against and uniting of plastic
material to said preform.
167 for formation of continuous length articles of irregular
cross-sectional area which are nonlayered or nonstratified,
i.e., of monolithic construction.
252 for molding plural parts to an edge of a preform, e.g.,
slide fastener elements.
172.13 for composite, strand, or filament having island in
the sea.
172.15 for sheath-core composites strands or filaments
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 167+ and 244.11+ for formation of a lamina or
laminae by extrusion followed by adhesive bonding to form a
laminate.
Subclass:
171.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extrusion on or about plural discrete end-to-end or
discrete side-by-side preforms (e.g., definite length
preform, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
wherein a plurality of discrete preforms or bases of finite
length are aligned in abutment or end-to-end relationship,
not necessarily in physical contact, with formation of an
indefinite or continuous layer of plastic material on or
about said preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for processes of extruding a continuous length article
around a moving preform with cutting thereof to length.
166, for processes of forming an indefinite length body in
which a core mold or shaping surface may be formed or the
core mold or shaping surface employed in the process is
removed or destroyed, wherein at least for an interval of
time, the mold and the molding material may be in a composite
relationship.
323, for processes in which reshaping of a solid
noncontinuous preform is effected by establishing a rubbing,
wiping or sliding action between the preform and a shaping
surface.
Subclass:
171.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hollow preform:
Processes under subclass 171.1 wherein a hollow article or
hollow stock material which is self sustaining is subjected
to a shaping or reshaping operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for processes in which a core mold may be formed or the
core mold employed in the process is removed or destroyed,
wherein at least for an interval of time, the mold and the
molding material may be in a composite relationship.
171.26 for indefinite length hollow composites formed from
nonhollow stock material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 230 for processes of coating the
interior of hollow articles.
Subclass:
171.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing indefinite length preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
wherein a continuous, running, or indeterminate length
preform is used.
Subclass:
171.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.13. Processes
wherein the preform is pure metal or metal alloy or contains
pure metal or metal alloy.
Subclass:
171.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Natural rubber or thermosetting resin containing layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein a layer contains material which is natural rubber or
thermosetting resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
171.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing plural metal preforms (e.g., twisted, spiral,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein two or more metal containing preforms are used.
Subclass:
171.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping of plural layers on preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein at least two layers are shaped or molded on the
preform.
Subclass:
171.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sequential shaping of layers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.17. Processes
wherein a second layer is formed subsequent to the previous
layer.
Subclass:
171.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including upstream mixing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein mixing of components used to form a layer is
conducted prior to shaping.
Subclass:
171.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing coiled or helical containing structure or layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein (a) the metal preform is either helical or coiled or
(b) a helical or coiled layer is shaped to the metal
preform.
Subclass:
171.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing ribbon, tape, or sheet (e.g., extrusion, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein the layered metal preform is a ribbon, tape, or sheet
or is shaped to form a ribbon, tape, or sheet.
Subclass:
171.22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including preheating of metal preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.14. Processes
wherein the metal preform is heated prior to having any layer
shaped thereto.
Subclass:
171.23
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping of polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer
of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g.,
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) containing
layer on preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.13. Processes
wherein a layer formed on the preform contains (a) polyamide
or (b) addition polymer of at least one monoethylenically
unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. See the definitions of this Class 264 for the line
between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523 and Class 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
171.24
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping of natural rubber or thermosetting resin containing
layer on preform (e.g., elastomers, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.13. Processes
wherein a layer formed on the preform contains material which
is either natural rubber or thermosetting resin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523 and Class 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
171.25
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping of a natural resinous layer on preform (e.g.,
cellulosic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.13. Processes
wherein a layer formed on the preform contains natural
resinous material.
Subclass:
171.26
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing hollow composite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
wherein the composite formed is hollow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
166 for processes in which a core mold may be formed or the
core mold employed in the process is removed or destroyed,
wherein at least for an interval of time, the mold and the
molding material may be in a composite relationship.
172.11 for processes of producing nonhollow composite
stands, filaments or threads.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 230 for processes of coating the
interior of hollow articles.
Subclass:
171.27
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having three or more layers of at least two different
materials:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes
directed to a hollow composite which has more than two layers
wherein the material comprising at least one of the layers is
dissimilar.
Subclass:
171.28
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer of at least
one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g.,
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) containing
layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes
wherein the hollow composite has a layer which contains (a)
polyamide or (b) addition polymer of at least one
monoethylenically unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. See the definitions of this Class 264 for the line
between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523 and Class 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
171.29
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including rotation of shaping surface or material being
shaped:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes
which comprise turning or revolving (a) a surface used to
form or shape or (b) material being formed or shaped.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
209.2 for processes utilizing rotational or translational
movement of a material shaping member on indefinite lengths
excluding composites.
310 for processes excluding indefinite length composites in
which rotating motion is imparted to the mold shaping surface
or to the material being shaped.
Subclass:
172.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having particular noncircular cross-section (e.g.,
T-configured, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.26. Processes
wherein the hollow composite is cross-sectionally uniform and
not circular (e.g., elliptical, star, hexagonal, dog-bone,
etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
172.12 for processes of producing composite strand,
filament, or thread with noncircular cross-section.
Subclass:
172.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing composite strand, filament, or thread:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
directed to forming composites consisting of solid, singular,
or plural, or twisted groups of slender, flexible, rodlike
materials.
Subclass:
172.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having particular noncircular cross-section (e.g.,
T-configured, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.11. Processes
wherein the composite strand, filament or thread is
cross-sectionally uniform and not circular (e.g., elliptical,
star, hexagonal, dog-bone, etc.).
Subclass:
172.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Islands-in-sea (i.e., discontinuous phase in continuous
phase):
Processes under subclass 172.11 directed to shaping a
composite strand, filament or thread having a discontinuous
phase material (island) and a continuous phase material
(sea), usually of different composition.
(1) Note. The island phase material usually has a different
melt index than the sea phase material. Extrusion or melt
spinning are common shaping methods utilized in this
subclass.
Subclass:
172.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Side-by-side:
Processes under subclass 172.11 wherein the composite strand,
filament or thread is produced by forcing different materials
through separate openings in a die or spinneret in which
individual strands, filaments, or threads are formed adjacent
one another.
Subclass:
172.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sheath-core:
Processes under subclass 172.11 wherein the composite strand,
filament or thread is produced by forcing different materials
through separate openings in a die or spinneret in which one
fiber or filament is substantially enclosed in the other
(sheath-core type).
Subclass:
172.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Into liquid bath (e.g., wet-spinning, etc.):
Processes under subclass 172.11 wherein the composite strand,
filament, or thread forming material is forced through a
shaping device or orifice into a liquid bath.
Subclass:
172.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Melt-spinning:
Processes under subclass 172.11 wherein the composite strand,
filament, or thread is shaped by forcing a melt through an
appropriately sized orifice.
Subclass:
172.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer of at least
one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g.,
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) containing
layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.17. Processes
wherein the composite strand, filament, or thread has a layer
which contains (a) polyamide or (b) addition polymer of at
least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. See the definitions of this Class 264 for the line
between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
172.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing indefinite length article by depositing material on
endless forming surface (e.g., endless belts, rollers,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
wherein an endless forming surface is used to shape an
indefinite length article.
Subclass:
173.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including roller-type shaping surface (e.g., calendering,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.19. Processes
wherein the shaping surface is generally circular in
cross-section and designed to rotate about an internal axis.
Subclass:
173.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having three or more layers of at least two different
compositions:
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
directed to forming a composite which has more than two
layers wherein the material comprising at least one of the
layers is dissimilar.
Subclass:
173.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Melt extrusion (e.g., co-extrusion, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.11. Processes
wherein the multi-layered, indefinite length body is formed
by forcing a melt through a confining orifice whereby the
cross-sectional area of the extruded portion corresponds to
the dimensions of the orifice.
Subclass:
173.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Vinylidene chloride or fluoride containing layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.12. Processes
wherein at least one of the layers contains vinylidene
chloride or vinylidene fluoride.
Subclass:
173.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer of at least
one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g.,
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) containing
layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.12. Processes
wherein at least one layer contains (a) polyamide or (b)
addition polymer of at least one monoethylenically
unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. See the definitions of this Class 264 for the line
between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523 and Class 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
173.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including subsequent reshaping (e.g., stretching, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.12. Processes
wherein the formed article is subjected to a deforming,(
e.g., by plastic flow, bending, stretching, twisting,
corrugating, etc.) so as to alter its overall shape.
Subclass:
173.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Melt co-extrusion (e.g., two layers, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Processes
wherein a layered indefinite length body is formed by forcing
a melt through a dual confining orifice whereby the
cross-sectional area of the two extruded portions corresponds
to the dimensions of the orifice.
Subclass:
173.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having particular noncircular cross-section (e.g.,
T-configured, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.16. Processes
wherein the co-extruded material is cross-sectionally uniform
and not circular (e.g., elliptical, star, hexagonal,
dog-bone, etc.).
Subclass:
173.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
HAVING COLORANT ADDED TO MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED OR PRODUCING
TWO DIVERSELY COLORED LAYERS:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.16. Process
which includes (a) a step of incorporating a colorant (e.g.,
dye, pigment, etc.) directly in the shaping material such
that an article is formed having at least one layer of
nonrandom color, or (b) producing a layered article wherein
each layer is of different color.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
73 for processes in which a random variegated effect is
achieved during the molding or shaping operation.
78 for processes including dyeing of a shaped article or
preform, or including a step of incorporating a dye
susceptible material (i.e., precursor) in the shaping
material and followed by subsequent exposure to a reactant
for the dye susceptible material to produce the color (e.g.,
such as found in a coagulant bath, etc.).
132 for processes including the step of applying an indicia
or design to the shaped article.
245 for reshaping processes for producing composite
structure with multicolored surface.
Subclass:
173.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polyamide (e.g., nylon, etc.) or addition polymer of at least
one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer (e.g.,
polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, etc.) containing
layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.16. Processes
wherein at least one layer contains (a) polyamide or (b)
addition polymer of at least one monoethylenically
unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. See the definitions of this Class 264 for the line
between this class and the composition classes, especially
Class 520.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523 and Class 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to possess
utility as molding materials.
Subclass:
174.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Styrene polymer containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.19. Processes
wherein the addition polymer is styrene containing.
Subclass:
174.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Natural rubber or elastomer containing layer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.16. Processes
wherein at least one of the co-extruded layers contains an
elastomer or a natural rubber.
Subclass:
175
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes in
which the continuous product is produced from an unformed
mass which is forced between a pair of coacting, continuously
moving surfaces.
(1) Note. Included herein, for example, is shaping a mass
by passing it between a pair of rolls, a roll and an endless
belt or a pair of endless belts.
(2) Note. Where the patent discloses calendering of a
previously formed indefinite length article, e.g., altering
the thickness thereof by passing through pressure rolls, the
patent will not be placed herein, since such an operation is
considered to be a reshaping rather than an actual forming of
a continuous or indefinite length article, see the search
notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77 for calendering which produces a random variegated
coloring effect.
212 for casting of materials on a solid shaping surface in
which a doctor knife may be employed for smoothing the upper
surface of or regulating the thickness of the cast article.
280 for mechanical shaping or molding of running or
indefinite length work, per se.
Subclass:
176.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping by extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein an article is shaped or formed by extruding or
forcing a supply of the article forming material through a
confining and shaping orifice
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 376.1 for an extrusion shaping machine or
nonmetals; see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
177.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
To produce particular cross-section (e.g., noncircular,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes
wherein formation is by extrusion through an orifice so
shaped as to produce solid, cross-sectionally uniform
articles which are other than circular or linear in
cross-section.
(1) Note. Extrusion through circular orifices or elongated
linear slit orifices to produce conventional filaments, rods,
films, sheet, etc., are classified on some other basis. To be
placed herein, a patent must disclose the use of an extruding
orifice of a particular cross-sectional shape to produce a
shaped article other than those set out above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167 for methods of producing articles of varying
cross-sectional area or intermittent cross-sectional
irregularity.
171.1 for methods of producing transversely layered or
stratified articles.
Subclass:
177.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic, soap cellulose,
glue, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
wherein the material being processed is other than a natural
or a synthetic resin, e.g., ceramic material soap, cellulose,
glue, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include
synthetic resins which meet the definition of Class 520.
(2) Note. A process for extruding a nonresionus material
wherein a resin binder is employed conventionally as an
auxiliary agent is considered proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
177.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Honeycomb:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
which produce a product with a honeycomb structure.
Subclass:
177.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Filament (e.g., T-configured, dog-bone, trilobal, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
wherein the product produced is a filament or fiber having a
particular cross-section, e.g., T-configured, dog-bone,
trilobal, etc.
Subclass:
177.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hollow or tubular work produced:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.13. Processes
wherein a filament of hollow or tubular cross-section is
produced.
Subclass:
177.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Capillary passages (e.g., pen nibs, writing tip, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.14. Processes
wherein the product contains capillary passages, e.g., pen
nibs, writing tips, etc.
Subclass:
177.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Die configuration (other than fixed orifice shape):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
wherein the configuration of the extruder die is specified,
other than merely the shape of a fixed die orifice, e.g.,
long land die, tapered die, plural distinct zones, etc.
Subclass:
177.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Processing or treatment after extrusion (e.g., support,
guide, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
wherein the the extrudate is further processed or treated in
some manner, e.g., supported manipulated by means of a guide,
reshaped, coagulated, etc.
Subclass:
177.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Chemical:
Processes under 177.17 wherein the extrudate undergoes
chemical treatment, e.g., curing, polymerization, etc.
Subclass:
177.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Temperature specified (other than ambient):
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.17. Processes
wherein temperature is employed to treat the extrudate, e.g.,
quenching, heat softening for reshaping, etc.
Subclass:
177.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With reinforcement, filler, or additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 177.1. Processes
wherein the material extruded includes reinforcement, filler
or another additive for a special use.
Subclass:
178
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes
wherein formation takes place by extrusion of the article
forming material through a shaping device or orifice into a
liquid bath.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses include, for
example, extruding into a cooling, heating or reactive bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 and 244+, for subsequent treatment of formed articles.
298 for processes which include the step of casting finite
articles on a liquid surface forming medium.
Subclass:
179
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes
wherein ingredients are added to or removed from the bath, or
the bath is treated, so as to maintain the desired
composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38 for processes reciting reclaiming or purifying and
recycling of extrudant receiving bath material.
Subclass:
180
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes in
which the liquid of said forming or receiving bath is in
motion.
(1) Note. Incidental disturbance or movement of the liquid
which may occur by the unconfined passage of a formed article
therethrough is not sufficient to place a patent in this
subclass. However, disclosure that the formed article in
passing through a restricted tube placed in the bath whereby
a current of liquid is created and carried therethrough by
frictional contact with the formed article, is within the
scope of this subclass.
Subclass:
181
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Processes
wherein the motion of the liquid induces or is concomitant
with stretching therein of the formed article.
Subclass:
182
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes
wherein the material being shaped is polyacrylonitrile
containing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
206 for processes of forming indefinite length articles by
an evaporative or drying step employing polyacrylonitrile in
solution or dispersion.
Subclass:
183
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes
wherein the bath contains ingredients which react chemically
with ingredients in the extruded forming material to
coagulate, set or form the element or component.
(1) Note. See the class definition for the general line
between this class and composition classes, per se. Where a
patent claims only the precipitating or coagulating bath for
use solely in formation of indefinite length articles by
extrusion of article forming material therein, the patent
will go to this class as an original in the appropriate
subclass based on the disclosure. Mere recitation of spinning
a composition into a reactive bath broadly recited or an
"acidic" reactive bath is not considered significant molding
but recitation of the pH or pH range of the bath is
considered significant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for processes in which a spinning solution containing a
dye susceptible material or a material capable of forming a
dye is extruded into a setting bath disclosed to contain a
reactant capable of converting said material into a colored
element.
203 for processes employing a solvent extractive bath.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 162.1, particularly
subclasses 166.01+ for carbohydrate or derivative containing
compositions which may be disclosed to have utility as
spinning solutions and see the main line between this class
(264) and the composition classes as set out in the class
definitions of this class (264) which is relative to patents
claiming a process of spinning a specific composition into a
reactive bath, per se, or an "acidic" bath wherein none of
the ingredients of said bath is named, or where no specific
pH is recited.
Subclass:
184
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in
which the material being extruded contains a synthetic
resin.
(1) Note. For the definition of "synthetic resin, per se",
see Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass
1.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for processes employing polyacrylonitrile containing
forming materials.
191 for processes employing viscose spinning solutions which
contain an added organic ingredient which ingredient may be
resinifiable or polymerizable at a subsequent stage.
201 for processes employing natural rubber containing
forming materials.
206 for evaporative formation of articles employing
polyacrylonitrile containing materials.
Subclass:
185
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes in
which the synthetic resin is polyvinyl alcohol.
Subclass:
186
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in
which the article forming solution contains a carbohydrate.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 162.1 for
carbohydrate or derivative containing plastic compositions.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
523, 447 and 509, and Class 524, subclasses 9+, 27+, 716,
and 732+ for a nonreactant carbohydrate or derivative admixed
with a polymer proper for Class 520.
536, Organic Compounds, 1.1 for carbohydrate compounds and
derivatives thereof.
Subclass:
187
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Processes in
which the carbohydrate is a cellulose derivative.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 163.01 for cellulose
derivative plastic compositions, per se, which are disclosed
to have utility as a spinning composition.
536, Organic Compounds, 30 and 56+ for cellulose compounds
and derivatives thereof.
Subclass:
188
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Processes
wherein the carbohydrate is viscose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 166.01 for viscose
containing compositions.
536, Organic Compounds, 60 for production and treatment of
viscose, per se.
Subclass:
189
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes in
which the reactive or coagulating bath contains an organic
compound.
(1) Note. Where the patent claims only the reactive or
coagulating bath or composition thereof and the disclosure
indicates the sole use of said bath is for the formation of
viscose articles, the patent will be placed in this and/or
the indented subclasses as an original.
Subclass:
190
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein the organic compound is a carbohydrate or protein.
Subclass:
191
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes
wherein the viscose solution contains an additional organic
compound other than viscose.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for processes employing spinning solutions which contain
a synthetic resin composition.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses
166.1-166.7 for viscose compositions containing additional
organic compounds.
Subclass:
192
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes
wherein the added compound contains sulfur.
Subclass:
193
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes
wherein the added organic compound is a polyether.
Subclass:
194
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Processes
wherein the added organic compound contains nitrogen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
193 for additives which are polyethers of nitrogen
containing compounds, e.g., oxyalkylated amines.
Subclass:
195
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes
wherein the formed article is further treated with a
chemically reactive agent.
(1) Note. The step of washing or dehydrating, with water or
other nonchemically reactive liquid, is not included within
the scope of this subclass but are classified on some other
basis.
(2) Note. See the notes and search notes in subclass 165
which refer to fluid or coating treatments provided for in
Classes 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, and Class 427, Coating
Processes, respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for processes including a coating step outside of the
mold.
196 for processes wherein the article is formed in two or
more stages as by coagulating or regenerating in plural
baths.
Subclass:
196
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes
wherein the formation of the article takes place in two or
more stages, employing either the same or different
coagulating or generating baths, said plural baths containing
either similar or dissimilar coagulating or regenerating
reagents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for subsequent chemical treatment of a formed article.
Subclass:
197
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Processes
wherein the formed article is stretched either between
treatments in coagulating or regenerating baths or subsequent
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for twisting.
168 for crimping or crinkling.
198 for stretching of viscose articles and see the search
notes thereto.
Subclass:
198
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes
wherein the formed viscose article is subjected to a
subsequent mechanical working or shaping step.
(1) Note. Since stretching is a conventional operation in
the formation of indefinite length articles, a search in
appropriate subclasses above will be necessary where an
article forming operation combined with a nominally recited
stretching step is set out in a viscose process. However, a
patent classified above disclosing or claiming a significant
stretching step in a viscose process will be crossed here.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
197 for stretching of indefinite length viscose articles
following a plural step coagulation or regeneration.
208 for stretching of cellulose articles formed by an
evaporative method.
210 for stretching of articles formed by melt spinning.
288 for stretching of preformed running length work.
Subclass:
199
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Processes
wherein the cellulose derivative is cupro-ammonium
cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 167.01 for
cuprammonium cellulose compositions.
Subclass:
200
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Processes
wherein the cellulose derivative is an acetic acid ester of
cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 163.01, appropriate
subclasses for cellulose or cellulose derivative
compositions, per se, within the class definitions, which may
be disclosed to be suitable as spinning compositions or
solutions.
Subclass:
201
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes in
which article forming material contains natural rubber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
184 for production of indefinite length articles by
extrusion of synthetic resinous containing material into a
reactive bath wherein said material may be disclosed to be
rubbery in nature.
Subclass:
202
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Processes
wherein the article forming contains protein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for treatment of solid or shaped articles, per se, which
may involve subsequent chemical treatment of a protein
containing article.
Subclass:
203
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Processes
wherein the article is formed by extraction of the solvent
from an article forming solution by the bath liquid on
extrusion of said solution therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
204 for article formation by evaporation of a solvent
subsequent to extrusion of a solution of article forming
material.
298 for casting on a liquid shaping surface in production of
finite articles.
Subclass:
204
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes in
which the article is formed by extrusion into an evaporative
atmosphere of a solution of article forming material with
subsequent solidification thereof, by removal of the solvent
of said solution through evaporation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for processes of forming particles or fibers which may
include evaporation of a carrier.
82 for reactive gas or vapor treatment of work.
203 for processes wherein the solvent of the article forming
material solution is removed by an extractive liquid in which
said material is relatively insoluble.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
159, Concentrating Evaporators, 47.1 for processes which may
involve spray or film formation by a concentrating step.
Subclass:
205
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes
wherein the article forming material in solution is a
synthetic resin.
(1) Note. For the definition of "synthetic resin, per se,"
see Class 520, Synthetic Resin or Natural Rubbers, subclass
1.
Subclass:
206
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Processes
wherein the synthetic resin is polyacrylonitrile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
182 for spinning of polyacrylonitrile solutions into a
bath.
Subclass:
207
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Processes
wherein the article forming material in solution is cellulose
or derivatives thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
187 for processes of spinning cellulose derivatives into a
reactive liquid bath.
Subclass:
208
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Processes
wherein the formed articles are stretched or elongated.
(1) Note. See the search notes to subclass 210 herein for
the complete field of search involving stretching or
reshaping.
Subclass:
209.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hollow article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes
wherein the article produced is hollow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
150 for forming continuous hollow work by extruding,
followed by cutting to length.
166 for forming continuous or indefinite length articles
combined with mold or core formation or destruction, removal,
comminution, or separation of mold core or preform.
173 for forming indefinite length composite or stratified
hollow articles.
177 for forming indefinite length articles of particular
noncircular cross section.
514 515 and 563, for direct application of fluid pressure or
vacuum to hollow work to permanently shape, distort, or
sustain work.
Subclass:
209.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including rotational or translational movement of a material
shaping member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processs
including rotational or translational movement of a material
shaping member in the extruding step.
Subclass:
209.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reshaping product (extrudate) subsequent to extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processes
wherein the extruded material is reshaped in some manner
subsequent to extrusion.
Subclass:
209.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sizing to desired dimension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.3. Processes
wherein extruded product is reshaped to achieve specific
dimensions.
(1) Note. For example, an extruded tube may be reshaped to
a specific diameter or wall thickness.
(2) Note. To reshape to different configuration is not
considered to be sizing, e.g., changing from a tubular shape
to a rectangular shape is not sizing.
Subclass:
209.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Stretching extruded material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.4. Processes
wherein the extruded material is reshaped by stretching to
desired dimensions.
Subclass:
209.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Curing or polymerizing operation during extrusion (e.g.,
cross-linking, vulcanizing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processes
wherein at least some of the material being shaped is
polymerized or cured, e.g., cross-linked, vulcanized, etc.,
during the extrusion.
(1) Note. Cross-linking herein includes cross-linking of
thermoplastic as well as thermosetting materials.
Subclass:
209.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least two distinct operational temperatures employed
during the extrusion operation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processes
wherein at least two different temperatures are used at some
point or time during the extrusion of the material.
(1) Note. A different temperature applied to the material
subsequent to extrusion from the die is not sufficient to
place in this subclass.
(2) Note. A different temperature at the outer wall of the
extruder from the temperature of the inner (mandrel) wall is
sufficient for this subclass.
Subclass:
209.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Providing special flow channel feature (e.g., varying
dimension of flow channel or varying direction of flow of
material in the extruder, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 209.1. Processes
wherein special features of the flow channel in the extruder
are included, e.g., varying dimensions of the flow channel or
varying the direction of flow of material in the extruder,
etc.
Subclass:
210.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And reshaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Process which
includes the additional step of stretching or permanently
reshaping the formed article.
(1) Note. Classification of patents in this and indented
subclasses. Patents should not be cross-referenced to this or
its indented subclasses on the basis of disclosure, unless an
unusual feature of the extrusion step or an unusual
interrelationship between the extrusion and reforming steps
is disclosed. Subclasses 239+ provide more specifically for
molding and reshaping operations and are the preferred loci
for such disclosures.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for twining or plying.
119 for cutting combined with extruding and reshaping.
138 for a process wherein stretching causes a tearing of the
workpiece.
154 for pore formation due to stretching.
168 for crimping or crinkling of indefinite length
articles.
181 for stretching of indefinite length articles in liquid
in motion.
197 and 198, for stretching or deforming of indefinite
length viscose articles.
208 for stretching of cellulose derivative articles formed
by extrusion and solvent evaporation.
239 for reforming of shaped articles, per se.
500 for reshaping or distortion of work employing vacuum or
fluid pressure.
Subclass:
210.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including a step other than application or removal of
tension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process in
which some or all of the reshaping is due to a force other
than tension, e.g., pressure, etc.
(1) Note. The pressure must do more than merely hold the
workpiece, establish a neck-down point, etc.
(2) Note. The process may also include a sequential
operation wherein tension is applied or removed, or a
simultaneous application or removal of tension, when it is
clear that the reshaping is partly due to each mechanism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for a process which includes textile formation.
280 for reshaping in general of running or indefinite length
plastic materials.
500 for a process where reshaping uses fluid pressure, e.g.,
blowing, etc.
555 for reshaping running length work by such a procedure.
Subclass:
210.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With application of agent other than water or air to
workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process
wherein the workpiece, after extrusion, and before, during,
or after reshaping, in contacted with a material other than
air or water (including steam, water vapor, etc.).
(1) Note. The agent may remain with the workpiece or may be
used merely for heating, cooling, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for dyeing of a workpiece.
82 for reactive gas or vapor treatment of a workpiece.
129 for printing or coating a workpiece outside the mold.
178 for extrusion into a liquid bath.
289.3 for processes similar to those contained in this
subclass but without an extrusion step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 375 and 411+
for coated, e.g., lubricated, etc., fibers and sheets,
respectively, per se.
Subclass:
210.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
During or after final shape change:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.3. Process
wherein the application takes place during the final shape
change, e.g., by spraying with inert liquid while shrinking,
etc., or after the final shape change.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for a process of shaping and after-treatment of an
article outside the shaping device without an extrusion
step.
289.6 for processes similar to those contained in this
subclass but without an extrusion step.
340 for nonshaping treatments, per se.
Subclass:
210.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With temperature gradient across cross-section of workpiece
or heat treatment after all shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process
wherein a workpiece having its final shape is heated or held
at an elevated temperature, whether in or out of the mold; or
wherein the heating or cooling of a workpiece is nonuniform
across the cross- section of the workpiece, e.g., the edges
of a moving web are held at a temperature lower than the
central portion, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
25 for a shaping or molding process wherein the workpiece is
heated by direct application of electrical or wave energy
(e.g., infrared heat, etc.) to the work.
234 and 235+, for other processes concerned with
after-heating.
Subclass:
210.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With processing before extrusion or inclusion of additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process
wherein the workpiece is stated to contain a --material not
in itself plastic, e.g., a plasticizer, solvent, etc., or
wherein a step is performed upon the material which is to
become the workpiece before it is extruded, e.g.,
comminuting, adjusting viscosity, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a process wherein a dye or dye former is included in
the extrudant.
Subclass:
210.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural stretching steps or stages:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process
wherein an extruded workpiece is subjected to stretching by
tension in more than one stage.
(1) Note. Some criteria for determining when stretching
occurs in more than one stage are the following: (a) The
interposition of a nonstretching step, such as heating or
shrinking between stretching steps, during which step no
stretching occurs. (b) An abrupt change of stretching
conditions, such as the tension force.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a process wherein the stretching is followed by
removal of part of the workpiece.
Subclass:
210.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of filament:
This subclass is indented under subclass 210.1. Process
wherein the material extruded and reshaped is elongate
material having a width about equal to its thickness.
(1) Note. The fibers may be individual monofilaments or may
be bundled together as a yarn or tow.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210.7 for filament extrusion plus stretching in a plurality
of stages.
290.5 for filament stretching where no extrusion is
claimed.
Subclass:
211
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Processes
wherein the article forming material contains and added (1)
nonarticle forming agent or (2) agent chemically modifying
the article forming material.
(1) Note. The added agent may be, for example, flux
lubricant, plasticizer, or a dispersing agent such as a small
amount of solvent insufficient to form a liquid solution
thereof.
Subclass:
211.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Centripetal extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes
wherein centripetal force is employed to convey the article
forming material.
(1) Note. A method utilizing the normal force developed
when a visco-elastic material is sheared between a rotating
plate and a stationary plate, having a central orifice, to
cause centripetal flow of the material between the disc and
orifice and issuance in plasticized condition from the
orifice is proper subject matter for this subclass.
Subclass:
211.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic soap, cellulose,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes
wherein the material being processed is other than a natural
or a synthetic resin, e.g., ceramic material, soap, cellulose
material, etc.
(1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include
synthetic resins which meet the definition of Class 520.
Subclass:
211.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Processing or treatment after extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes
wherein the extruded material is subsequently manipulated,
reacted or otherwise processed after extrusion.
(1) Note. Contain of the extend material with guides or
windup devices render a method proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
211.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Contact of extrudate with fluid other than ambient air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.12. Process
wherein the extrudate is contacted with a fluid, other than
ambient air, in order to manipulate, influence the
temperature of, or otherwise affect the product.
Subclass:
211.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Filament (e.g., fiber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.13. Processes
wherein the product is a filament or fiber type of article.
Subclass:
211.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural treatment stages or zones:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.14. Processes
wherein the extrudate is treated in at least two different
zone or stages, at least one of the treatments being with a
fluid.
Subclass:
211.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Extractive fluid or effects reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.14. Processes
wherein the fluid extracts a component of the extrudate or
effects a reaction in the extrudate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for a process wherein a gas or vapor reacts chemically
with at least a portion of the extrudate.
Subclass:
211.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.14. Processes
wherein the fluid treatment acts to heat the extrudate.
Subclass:
211.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural treatment stages or zones:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.13. Processes
wherein the extrudate is treated in at least two different
zones or stages, at least one of the treatments being with a
fluid.
Subclass:
211.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Extactive fluid or effects reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.13. Processes
wherein the fluid extracts a component of the extrudate or
effects a reaction in the extrudate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for a process wherein a gas or vapor reacts chemically
with at least a portion of the extrudate.
Subclass:
211.20
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.13. Processes
wherein the fluid treatment acts to heat the extrudate.
Subclass:
211.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Screw extruder or screw feeder device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes
wherein a screw device is employed in the extruder or as a
feeder or material worker for the extruder.
Subclass:
211.22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Filament (e.g., fiber, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.21. Processes
wherein the product is a filament or fiber.
Subclass:
211.23
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural screws, plural screw extruders, or plural stage
extruder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 211.21. Processes
wherein the extruder employs more than one screw; more than
one screw extruder; or plural different stages.
(1) Note. Extruders using different temperatures in
different zones, or having threads of different pitch in
different zones are proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
211.24
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Curing or polymerization in the extruder (includes incomplete
polymerization or curing or coagulating rubber):
This subclass is indented under subclass 176.1. Processes
wherein some curing or polymerization reaction, or
coagulation of rubber, is indicated to take place in the
extruder.
Subclass:
212
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Processes
wherein the indefinite length article is formed by depositing
forming material in liquid form on a solid forming surface
and solidifying the liquid to form the article.
(1) Note. The use of a doctor knife to smooth the upper
surface of the cast liquid layer or to adjust the thickness
thereof is considered to be within the scope of this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
175 for processes wherein the article is formed between a
pair of pressure rolls or moving pressure surfaces.
298 for casting finite articles on a liquid forming
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 224 for corresponding apparatus.
Subclass:
213
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes in
which removal of the formed article from the forming surface
is facilitated by the use of anti-stick or adhesion
preventing materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for application of an anti-stick or adhesion preventing
coating to a workpiece out of the mold.
338 for adhesion preventing coating of a mold is finite
length article production.
Subclass:
214
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the article formed is nonplanar.
(1) Note. Included herein are, for example, filaments and
tubes or films, webs and sheets which have at least one
surface which is nonplanar.
Subclass:
215
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the forming surface is dipped or immersed in a supply
of liquid forming material to acquire the deposit of the
necessary layer of said material thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
301 for casting by accretion from bulk, e.g., subclass 305,
for successive dipping steps into same material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 269 for corresponding apparatus.
427, Coating Processes, 430.1 for processes of coating by
immersion.
Subclass:
216
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the article forming material is rubber or synthetic
resin containing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205 for extruding synthetic resin containing spinning
solutions with solidifying by evaporation of liquid solvent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 1, for a
definition of "rubber or synthetic resin".
Subclass:
217
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Processes
wherein the cast liquid contains a carbohydrate as the
article forming ingredient.
Subclass:
218
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Processes in
which the cast article is precipitated, coagulated or made
self sustaining by a subsequent treatment while on the
casting surface either by an added reactant applied thereto
or in a liquid precipitating or coagulating body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
183 for article formation by extruding through a shaping
orifice into a reactive bath.
307 for processes including the treatment of accreted
material on a shaping surface with added agent or reactant.
Subclass:
219
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes which include the step of producing (1) a shaping
or molding device either as a, per se, operation by a method
within the definitions of this class or (2) in combination
with a step of employing said shaping or molding device in
the production of a molded product by a process classifiable
in this class in which latter instance the molding or shaping
device may be formed by methods provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. Patents reciting merely the application or
formation of mold linings on molding surfaces are not within
the scope of this subclass and are classified on some other
bases.
(2) Note. Patents reciting processes for manufacturing or
assembling molds not specifically provided for herein are
classified in various other classes depending on the specific
manufacturing step employed, e.g., Class 29, Metal Working,
Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical
Manufacture, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for processes of erecting molds and casting structural
installations in situ.
337 for processes which employ specific mold materials or
specific mold coatings or linings.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 6 for processes of making molds under
the class definition.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, subclass 69 and 70
for processes of electroforming printing plates, molds and
the like.
Subclass:
220
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes in
which an area or shape to be duplicated is employed to form
or produce a duplicating pattern or mold surface.
Subclass:
221
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes in
which the mold or a portion thereof is destroyed, dissolved,
or broken, so as to dissociate or release the formed article
therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
313 for processes utilizing a flexible, deformable or
destructible molding surface or material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 423 for processes employing transitory or
temporary material or parts.
Subclass:
222
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes
wherein some portion of the body surface of an animal is
employed as a molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for dental casting and molding.
313 for processes employing a flexible deformable or
destructible molding surface or material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 2 for shaping apparatus utilizing an
anatomical body or portion thereof as a shaping surface.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 1 for processes of body
member printing, e.g., fingerprinting.
Subclass:
223
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Processes
wherein the body surface is that of a foot or leg.
Subclass:
224
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes in
which a surface which is to be reproduced either in making a
molding form or a final article is inverted inside out by
resilient flexing or deforming.
Subclass:
225
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Processes in
which the mold forming material employed in reproducing a
surface is in a fluent state.
Subclass:
226
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Processes in
which the forming area to be reproduced is formed by a
molding operation or is treated or conditioned to facilitate
such reproduction.
Subclass:
227
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes
which includes a formation of a negative of the surface to be
reproduced followed by a formation of a positive surface
which is to be used itself as a pattern or mold.
Subclass:
228
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a composite concrete article is formed in
which the concrete component is under compressive stress.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for processes of forming stressed concrete during in situ
formation of a structural installation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 446 and especially subclass 452 for
forming stressed concrete when the stressing element is
applied to a self sustaining concrete body.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 257 for the use of concrete in the containment of
hazardous or toxic waste.
Subclass:
229
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a solid body is placed under stress and
united to another body or mass of molded material while
maintaining said stressed condition.
Subclass:
230
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a solid body is under stress and has such
stress removed by heat application with simultaneous
reduction of at least one dimension to return or attempt to
return the body to its original shape.
Subclass:
231
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a molded or shaped article is held under
tensile stress during heat curing.
Subclass:
232
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which the formed article is subjected to a
treatment after working, molding or shaping thereof, said
treatment being other than or different from that required to
work, mold or alter the shape of said article and performed
after removal from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for the cleaning or polishing of apparatus.
82 for processes including treatment with reactive gas or
vapor.
129 for printing or coating of the workpiece out of the
mold.
195 for subsequent chemical treatment of indefinite length
viscose articles and subclass 198 for mechanical treatment
thereof.
238 for processes including a combined operation.
307 for processes of accretion from bulk including treatment
of the accreted material while on the form with an added
agent or reactant.
344 for processes of treating an article, per se, wherein
entrained, occluded or adsorbed material, e.g., liquids are
removed by application of heat or by solvent extraction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for drying, per se, and see the line set out in
the definitions of this class.
Subclass:
233
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Processes
wherein said treatment is a liquid cleansing step which
removes impurities by a physical or solvent action of said
liquid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for the dissolving out of solids to form a porous
product.
344 for, per se, removal of material which is occluded,
adsorbed on or dissolved in an article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 147 for fluid treatment
of artificial fibers, e.g., working, per se.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses as the generic home for cleaning processes.
Subclass:
234
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Processes
wherein the worked, shaped or molded material is subjected to
a positively applied heating or cooling step after removal
from the mold.
(1) Note. Normal return of material to ambient temperature
is not sufficient to place a patent in this subclass.
(2) Note. Utilizing a support to maintain the shape of the
molded body after removal from the mold is within the scope
of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for processes including a flame treatment.
344 for removal, per se, of entrained material from an
article by the application of heat.
345 for temperature changes applied to a shaped or solid
article, per se.
Subclass:
235
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes
wherein said temperature variation is a heating step for the
purpose of annealing the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
346 for processes of annealing a shaped or solid article.
Subclass:
235.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
After stretching running or indefinite length work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Process
wherein the annealing is performed upon stretched work of
indefinite length or work which moves through the treatment
zone as it is being treated.
(1) Note. The purpose of the treatment usually is to "heat
set" the crystalline orientation produced by the stretching
operation.
(2) Note. The treatment is carried out at a tension (or
lack of tension) different from the tension which causes the
stretching; when performed at the same tension, the treatment
is considered to be treatment "within the mold" and is
classified with the stretching treatment.
(3) Note. Shrinking is considered a shape change; heat
treatment to shrink is not classified here; see subclass
289.6.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
181 198 and 210.1+, for extrusion and stretching whether or
not followed by heat treatment.
288.4 and 291+, for stretching processes, per se.
Subclass:
235.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Biaxial stretching of film:
This subclass is indented under subclass 235.6. Process in
which the stretching which precedes the annealing is
performed in two perpendicular directions on planar
material.
(1) Note. Where all claims of a patent, classified herein,
require a post-stretching heat treatment, the patent is
preferably not cross-referenced to subclass 290.2.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
290.2 for biaxial stretching of film, per se.
Subclass:
236
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes
wherein the applied temperature variation is for the purpose
of effecting a completion of vulcanization or polymerization
of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
347 for processes of completing cure in a partially cure
shaped or solid article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly Class
525, 55 for vulcanization of natural rubber.
Subclass:
237
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Processes
wherein a positive cooling or refrigerating step is applied
to the material.
(1) Note. Normal cooling of a heated material to ambient
temperature is not sufficient to place a patent in this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for processes including a cooling or freezing step of 0
deg.C or below.
348 for cooling, per se, of a shaped or solid article.
Subclass:
238
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes combined with a step which is, per se, (1) not
provided for in this class and which (2) performs a function
other than that utilized to perfect the plastic molding,
shaping or working operations.
(1) Note. "Perfecting" the operations of this class include
operations performed on the material or work piece in the
shaping means, handling of the material to present it to the
shaping means, compounding the material, and heating or
cooling the material or workpiece in or out of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for processes including a subsequent disparate treatment
after working, molding or shaping.
307 for processes of accretion from bulk including treatment
of the accreted material with an added agent or reactant.
319 for processes of applying heat combined with a shaping
step and see especially subclass 329 for processes of heating
and working prior to injection molding.
345 for heating or cooling, per se.
Subclass:
239
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for (1) making a self-sustaining solid article or
shape from a formless or flowable mass of material, or (2)
altering the configuration or at least one dimension of a
solid self-sustaining workpiece by the application of a
distorting mechanical force thereto.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents to confining shaped
preforms between pressure surfaces and subjecting them to
heat and pressure even though no apparent shaping is
involved, e.g., vulcanizing rubber articles in a confining
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for treating preforms without pressure means.
Subclass:
240
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which at least two independent components of a reactive
system are combined at the shaping surface.
(1) Note. For processes wherein a chemical reaction,
blending or mixing takes place in a mold in the absence of
significant molding operations, see the definitions of this
class (264) which sets out the line with the chemical
composition classes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for processes which include utilizing a reactive gas or
vapor.
183 for processes of extruding into a reactive bath.
301 accretion from bulk, for initially coating a form with a
coagulating material then a material to be coagulated or vice
versa.
646 for processes which include utilizing a reactive
atmosphere other than air, per se, during sintering to
convert precursor to ceramic materials.
Subclass:
241
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which different materials, portions or parts are brought into
association and united by a mechanical shaping or molding
operation.
(1) Note. For location in this subclass the product of such
process must be: (a) the result of joining preformed parts
with reshaping at the joining areas without destroying the
identities of the preformed parts, (b) the result of placing
one preform in a mold and adding fluent material, of
different character or, (c) composed of clearly defined
layers or parts. Resin impregnated felted batts assembled
and pressed together to form a homogeneous article, for
example, would not be placed in this or indented subclasses
unless the patent clearly set forth that the product includes
a line of demarcation between the layers. Woven layers,
however, by their very nature, maintain their identity as
layers when pressed together and would be included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for processes of forming composite in situ
installations.
45 for composite article making including a pore-forming
step.
112 for processes of forming stratified or layered articles
by uniting of discrete, bulk assembled particles.
171.1 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles which are transversely stratified or plural
element containing.
305 for processes in which a shaping surface is successively
dipped into the same material.
642 for processes of forming a multilayered, impregnated, or
composite structured product by firing, sintering, or
vitrifying of a shaped inorganic preform outside of a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 610.1 for methods of making electrical
resistors including both molding and metal working. For the
combination of molding a preform plastic part followed by a
mechanical assembly of the part to another part see Class 29,
subclasses 428+.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 36 for fusion bonding of glass to a
formed part.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus of forming
composite structures by laminating.
164, Metal Founding, 91 for processes of forming composite
articles by metal casting.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 110 for composite article making
apparatus comprising a molding cavity and means to feed or
support a preform.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes
of forming a composite article by a coating operation.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses for layered or composite articles not elsewhere
provided for.
Subclass:
242
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which the product formed is composed for parts united or
joined by a shaping operation whereby said parts remain
mechanically movable relative to each other.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, for processes of forming a product
having interconnected movable parts by metal casting.
Subclass:
243
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes
directed to the production of bristle or tufted articles
wherein substantially parallel fibers or filaments are fixed
or positioned by a molding operation which causes a portion
of said fibers or filaments to be embedded in a plastic
material base.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 72 for processes wherein tufts or piles are set or
embedded adhesively in or to a preformed backing.
300, Brush, Broom, and Mop Making, for brush or similar
article forming procedures which may include a molding step.
Subclass:
244
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which material is molded or reshaped and united
simultaneously with a preformed upper portion of a shoe or
boot.
Subclass:
245
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which the surface of the composite articles has portions
which are different in color than other surface portions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for dyeing or incorporating dye susceptible material.
139 for mechanical removal of surface portions of a
composite to expose a substrate which can be of contrasting
color to the surface.
Subclass:
246
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Processes
which include forming a composite by utilizing as one
component in the forming operation a self-sustaining preform
which forms a surface area that differs in color from at
least one other surface area.
Subclass:
247
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Processes in
which the self-sustaining preform is placed in, or relocated
to, a particular position within a mold prior to the
compositing operation.
(1) Note. A component, which at the time of compositing
thereof, lies undistributed adjacent a portion of the mold
against which it was formed, is not considered to be
positioned in the mold for purpose of this subclass, merely
because other portions of the forming mold have been altered
to form the composite mold configuration.
Subclass:
248
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes
wherein two plastically deformable self-sustaining bodies are
assembled and autogenously united at a joint area by a
shaping operation with plastic flow to reshape said bodies at
said joint area.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
308.2 and 324.4 for autogenous bonding of preforms, per se,
in which any plastic flow at the joining area is incidental
only to the joining operation and is not a shaping operation,
per se, see subclass 69 for application of and closures to
containers wherein there may be autogenous bonding at the
joining area, and subclass 292 for joining preforms at edges
with opposed surfaces out of contact.
Subclass:
249
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which two self-sustaining preforms are locked or mechanically
united together by a local reshaping of at least one of the
preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
273 for processes of embedding a porous preform in a molding
material with the molding material extending through the
holes in the preform.
274 embedding a preform in a molding material wherein said
preform is provided with means to form a mechanical interlock
with the shaped material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for mechanical
joining, per se, or obtaining a mechanical interlock by metal
reshaping.
Subclass:
250
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which at least two different materials, portions or parts
making up the composite article are separately molded or
shaped.
(1) Note. Sequential pouring of plastic material layers of
differing compositions or physical properties so as to form a
composite article in the same mold is considered separate
molding for purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31 for processes of sequentially molding different portions
of an in situ structure.
308 for sequential pouring of the same material or
incremental molding of the same material to form a
homogeneous body.
Subclass:
251
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes
which include molding portions which are spaced from each
other on, and separately united to, a preform or base by said
molding operation.
Subclass:
252
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Processes in
which the base is a sheet, film, web or batt and the molded
portions are confined to and extend along an edge of such
base.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171.1 for forming continuous or indefinite length composite
or layered articles.
Subclass:
253
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Processes in
which the product is a building element or module of the type
having two spaced walls interconnected by a preform element.
Subclass:
254
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes in
which a body has different surface areas covered with
material in separate shaping operations.
Subclass:
255
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Processes in
which the same mold or confining means is used to retain the
molding material during the formation of the different
article portions.
(1) Note. Incremental molding or dip casting of different
materials in or on the same mold is within the scope of this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for molding processes including a coating step preformed
prior or subsequent to the molding and outside of the mold.
301 for sequential formation of layers of the same material
on a mold by a accretion from bulk.
308 for sequential layer formations of the same material.
Subclass:
256
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Processes
wherein a layer is comprised of a material which is in whole
or part siliceous, argillaceous, arenaceous, calcarious or is
formed substantially of a similar, common soil forming
substituent.
Subclass:
257
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes
wherein one component of said composite article is a fibrous
or textile sheet, web or batt.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for similar operations which include coating or
impregnating of a self-sustaining batt sheet or filament.
244 for processes of uniting shoe parts to upper in which
one part is a textile sheet or batt.
252 for the molding of a material against a textile base in
the forming of separable fasteners.
Subclass:
258
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 257. Processes in
which a plurality of superposed or contacting fibrous or
textile sheets, webs or batts are united at least in some
areas of said contact.
Subclass:
259
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Processes in
which a molding material is shaped or formed against a
preform and said shaped material remains united with the
preform to constitute a composite article.
(1) Note. Where the preform and the shaping material are
the same composition so that the product is homogeneous and
cannot be called composite, the patent will not be placed
herein but will be classified in the appropriate subclass
based on the manipulative steps involved.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18 for processes of forming a denture base against preformed
teeth.
30 for processes of uniting a furnace lining material to a
furnace wall.
228 for shaping concrete and uniting to a preform
self-sustaining body, (stressed concrete type).
308 for incremental layer molding of the same material.
Subclass:
260
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes
wherein at least two different fluent materials are
simultaneously molded and united to a preform to form a
composite article.
Subclass:
261
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which two distinct preformed bodies with opposing surfaces
are positioned in a spaced relationship with each other and a
fluent molding material at least partially fills the space
between the preforms said molding material acting to unite
the preforms and being contained at least in part by said
preform surfaces.
(1) Note. The fluent material here is introduced primarily
for the purpose of filling or partially filling the space
between the preforms, with any material which extends beyond
the space between the preforms being of insufficient quantity
to cover or embed the preforms except, at most, in the areas
immediately adjacent the space between the preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277 for processes wherein plural spaced bodies are embedded
in or surrounded by shaping material in which the shaping
material, while it may function to unite the plural shaped
bodies, does more than merely fill the spaces therebetween,
but also gives the final article its outer shape or
structure, at least in part.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
appropriate subclasses for processes laminating by placing
adhesive between preforms and then uniting.
Subclass:
262
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Processes in
which the bodies have a common center.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 294 for uniting a core within a tube where the
elements are not maintained in a spaced relationship.
Subclass:
263
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which the shaping of material is on or about at least two
contacting preforms, said shaped material functioning also to
unite said preforms.
(1) Note. Patents will be placed herein even though a) a
temporary uniting means for the preforms is disclosed to be
present during the shaping or molding of the material or b) a
permanent mechanical joining of the preforms is disclosed to
be present.
Subclass:
264
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which at least part of the surface of the body is treated or
covered to prevent the adherence of the subsequently applied
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
290 for bonding of facing continuously contacting laminae at
spaced points only.
Subclass:
265
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which the preformed body is acted upon in a step separate and
distinct from the shaping or forming step to (1) perfect the
shaping operation or (2) assist in the uniting of the body
and the shaping material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134 for coating or impregnating a preformed body before a
composite molding operation.
228 and 229, for applying a stress to a body before
compositing.
Subclass:
266
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which a preformed self-sustaining body undergoes a reshaping
simultaneously with the shaping of a material and the uniting
thereof to the reshaped preform.
(1) Note. To be included herein the self-sustaining body
must remain substantially self-sustaining during the
reshaping operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for processes in
which the preform is a metal.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 106 for metal compositing
operation wherein the cast metal reshapes a preform.
Subclass:
267
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which shaping material is molded against and united to at
least a portion of the inner surface of an aperture, cavity
or hollow contained in a preform.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 293 for inserting of a lamina in a recess and
adhesion to side walls thereof.
427, Coating Processes, 230 for processes of coating the
interior of a hollow article.
Subclass:
268
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Processes in
which the hollow body is relatively thin walled, the end and
side walls of said body form a cap or cup-like shape.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 69 for the application of end closures to
containers, and subclass 62 for closure cap lining by cutting
and laminating.
Subclass:
269
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Processes in
which the molding material is shaped and applied so as to
constitute a lining or covering layer for substantially the
entire inner surface of the cavity or aperture of said hollow
body.
Subclass:
270
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Processes
which includes the use of centrifugal force to aid in the
application of the lining.
(1) Note. Many of the patents classified herein pertain to
pipe lining.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
101 for the use of centrifugal force in the formation of
particulate material.
114 for the use of centrifugal force in the uniting of bulk
assembled particles.
311 for the use of centrifugal force in the mold shaping of
plastic material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 114 for processes of centrifugal metal
casting and subclasses 286+ for corresponding apparatus
particularly subclass 288 for means to hold or position
preformed product.
Subclass:
271.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preform embedded in or surrounded by shaped material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Processes in
which the preformed self-sustaining body has molding material
shaped about it so that said body is surrounded by or
embedded in said molding material.
(1) Note. Shaping of a molding material to a planar surface
only if a preform is not within the scope of this subclass.
To be placed herein, the patent must include confining the
preform in two dimensions thereof with the shaping material
so as to embed or surround the preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
35 for processes of forming structural installations in situ
in which molding material is shaped around and united to a
core or preform.
Subclass:
272.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrical component encapsulating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271.1. Processes in
which the surrounded or embedded body, or at least a part
thereof, is intended for use as component of an electrical
circuit.
(1) Note. To be included here the component must be one
which controls the electricity, for example, a coil,
condenser, or rectifier, and not merely a conductor insulator
or outlet, etc. Processing of covering conductors, etc., are
classified according to the manipulative step employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104 for processes of producing electrical article by shaping
conductive materials.
171.1 for extrusion of plastic material around strandlike or
filamentlike preforms which may be electrical conductors.
614 for other processes of producing electrical articles
which include a step of firing shaped articles or preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, particularly subclass 841 for
encapsulation following the assembly of an electrical device
to an insulative base and subclasses 855+ for encapsulation
combined with assembly of a terminal or elongated conductor
directly to an electrical component.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 51 for covering of indefinite-length conductors
with nonpreformed material. See the search notes to subclass
47 under (12) Note, Coating, Covering and Sheathing.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclass 52.2
for embedded electrical components.
257, Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), subclass 100, 433, 434, and 787-796 for
encapsulated active solid-state electronic devices.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 43
for embedded electrical generator or motor structure.
336, Inductor Devices, subclass 96 and 205 for embedded
inductor devices.
338, Electrical Resistors, 226 for embedded electrical
resistors.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 600 for
encapsulated plural electrical components.
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclass 112, 124, and 127 for methods of
encapsulating semiconductor devices; see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
272.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonresinous encapsulant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the material surrounding or embedding the electrical
component is not a synthetic resin.
Subclass:
272.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With curing procedure, or procedure or treatment to
compensate for differential expansion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which there is claimed a step of curing the encapsulating
material or some expedient is employed to compensate for the
differing coefficients of expansion of an electrical
component or part thereof and the encapsulant.
Subclass:
272.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural electrical components:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which two or more electrical components are encapsulated.
Subclass:
272.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With component positioning procedure or incorporation of
article positioning means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the electrical component is claimed as positioned in
a specified relation to the encapsulant or in which a
positioning means is incorporated in the encapsulant.
Subclass:
272.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Transducer, or electric lamp or space discharge device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the component encapsulated is adapted to convert
mechanical to electrical energy by electromagnetism or the
component is an electric lamp or electric space discharge
device.
(1) Note. Electric space discharge devices are defined for
the purpose of classification as including any device which
is intended to have an electric current flow between two
spaced electrodes, at least part of the path followed by the
discharge being constituted by a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
Electric space discharge devices, therefore, include spark
gaps, spark plugs, radio tubes, X-ray tubes, cathode-ray
tubes, gas or vapor discharge lamps and lighting arresters of
the electric space discharge type.
Subclass:
272.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Semiconductor or barrier layer device (e.g., integrator
circuit, transistor, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the component exhibits asymmetrical voltage current
conduction characteristics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly subclass 112, 124, and 127 for methods of
encapsulating semiconductor devices; see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
272.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Condenser or resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the component encapsulated is a condenser or
resistor.
Subclass:
272.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Dynamoelectric machine, electromagnet, transformer,
inductors, or coils:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the encapsulated component is designed to produce an
electromagnetic field or is a coil.
Subclass:
272.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Motor or part encapsulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.19. Processes
in which the component is an electric motor or an electrical
component thereof.
Subclass:
272.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Battery or part encapsulated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 272.11. Processes
in which the electrical component encapsulated is a source of
electrical current or part of such device.
Subclass:
273
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes in
which a material is shaped against a body having holes or
apertures extending therethrough said material being forced
into said holes or apertures during the shaping operation.
Subclass:
274
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes in
which the body is provided with an undercut or other
indentations to produce at least mechanical interference or
keyed fit with the subsequently applied material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
249 for processes of mechanically securing preforms together
by reshaping at joint portion.
Subclass:
275
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
which include a provision for locating a preformed body in a
specific position in a mold or maintaining such a position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
247 for processes of positioning a preform in a mold and
molding a different color material against the preform.
254 for positioning by holding the body against a shaping
surface while molding, then molding against the body while
positioning by holding the previously shaped materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 112 for processes of
positioning a preform in metal compositing processes.
Subclass:
276
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes in
which a parting line fin or flash excess plastic material is
prevented from forming or reduced by the particular
positioning of the body in the mold.
Subclass:
277
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes in
which a plurality of bodies spaced from each other during a
molding operation are embedded in or surrounded by said
shaping material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
261 for processes in which molding material is introduced
only in the space between plural preform surfaces with no
more than a slight excess or overflow, said molding material
being contained at least in part by the preform surfaces and
serving to unite said preforms.
Subclass:
278
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Processes
which include the utilization of positioning means which may
be withdrawn from the mold before separation of the composite
article from the mold or removed from the composite body
subsequent to separation thereof from the mold.
Subclass:
279
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Processes
wherein the material which is to be shaped so as to embed or
surround a preformed body is in a flowable state when applied
to said preform body.
Subclass:
279.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Preform is completely surrounded by shaped material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 271.1. Processes in
which the preform is completely covered by the shaping
material on all sides.
Subclass:
280
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which the work that is mechanically shaped or molded by a
physically applied force to deform, is a preform and of
running or indefinite length.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for formation of indefinite length articles combined
with subsequent treatments especially subclass 210 with
stretching or deforming.
347 for curing of indefinite length materials out of a
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 117 for die
reshaping of a waterlaid web or sheet.
Subclass:
281
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes
directed to production of helically coiled articles wherein
each convolution of said coil is axially displaced from
adjoining convolutions.
(1) Note. Patents reciting winding in place with no axial
displacement or wherein each convolution is entirely
superimposed over the preceding one are excluded from this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
169 and 184+ particularly subclass 195, for winding combined
with laminating or uniting.
Subclass:
282
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes
wherein the reshaping takes the form of creping or
crinkling.
(1) Note. Including in this subclass are, for example,
crowding the work back on itself to induce it to wrinkle, and
crushing the work to produce random permanent distortions.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include corrugating, per
se, within its scope. See search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
168 for indefinite length forming and crimping.
284 for corrugating, per se, of an indefinite or running
length web.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 18.6 for
compressive shrinking.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 183 for creping, wrinkling or crinkling combined
with a laminating step.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 111 for processes of
creping or crinkling a waterlaid web or sheet.
Subclass:
283
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Processes
wherein the creping, crinkling or wrinkling is effected by
means of a doctoring implement applied to a drum carrying the
web wherein said web is reshaped accordingly and removed from
the drum.
Subclass:
284
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes
which the surface configuration only of the workpiece is
altered by raising bosses or protuberances thereon or causing
surface portions to be depressed below the plane of the
workpiece surface.
(1) Note. Where a surface only is altered by a cutting,
scribing or plowing only, and no material is removed or
separated therefrom through these operations, the patent will
be placed herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for processes involving a severing or material removal
operation.
293 for processes including an embossing step on nonrunning
length material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, subclass 32 for embossing processes there
provided for.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 209 and 219+ for embossing combined with a
laminating step.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 319 for shaping apparatus comprising the
combination of means to form a preform and means to convolute
or twist the preform, subclasses 323+ for pretzel bending
apparatus and subclass 383 for a molding apparatus including
means to reshape a preform.
Subclass:
285
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Processes in
which a portion of a workpiece is moved and permanently
distorted throughout its entire thickness relative to a
second portion during which the thickness of the workpiece
remains substantially the same and no significant plastic
flow occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339 for bending or twisting articles or workpieces.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
196 for bending when combined with a laminating step.
Subclass:
286
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Processes in
which the bending involves forming a web with a cross-section
having alternate ridges and grooves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
339 for bending or twisting of definite length articles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
202 and 205+ for corrugating of indefinite length work
combined with a laminating operation and 210 for corrugating
and laminating to a noncorrugated lamina.
Subclass:
287
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Processes,
wherein a reshaping step is performed on sheet material which
has been corrugated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for plural sequential shaping or molding steps.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 207 for deformation of corrugated laminae and or
laminates.
Subclass:
288.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Stretching by applying tension:
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Process in
which the reshaping is performed by pulling an end or edge of
the workpiece and the workpiece is elongated in the direction
of the tension application.
(1) Note. Tension applied merely to hold the work extended
or taut is not considered to be within the scope of this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
210.1 for stretching combined with extrusion.
291 for stretching or stretch forming, per se, applied to
other than running or indefinite-length work.
500 for processs where reshaping uses fluid pressure, e.g.,
blowing, etc.
555 for reshaping running length work by such a procedure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 229 for stretching combined with a laminating
step.
427, Coating Processes, 172 for a process of coating running
or indefinite-length work combined with stretching or
tensioning.
Subclass:
288.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nonuniform product (e.g., porous, etc., or with tensioning
before application of heat):
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process
including a step of applying tension to a workpiece before
the workpiece is heated, e.g., "prestretching", etc., or
wherein the process results in an article or running length
differing from a uniform and uniform-appearing fiber, tow, or
film in a specified way, whether the variation be desired or
undesired, e.g., knots, color variations, etc.
(1) Note. The process may produce the variations or may
tend to minimize variations in the original workpiece.
(2) Note. The tensioning may or may not result in a change
of shape (cold-stretching).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for a process which includes pore-forming in situ.
103 for a process which includes formation of a textile
fabric.
154 for a process where stretching itself causes pores to be
formed.
287 for a process in which a film is corrugated and the
corrugations are minimized or eliminated by later
stretching.
Subclass:
289.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With treatment other than heating before stretching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process
wherein the workpiece is treated by other than heat before
tension for stretching is applied, e.g., pressure treatment,
fluid treatment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a process which includes dyeing of the workpiece.
82 for a process which includes reactive gas or vapor
treatment of the workpiece.
103 for a process which includes textile fabric formation.
138 for a process in which a portion of the workpiece is
modified to aid the stretching procedure and the modified
portion is later removed from the stretched workpiece.
Subclass:
289.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With shrinking or with liquid contact during or after
stretching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process
wherein a liquid material, e.g., a sizing or heat exchange
material, etc., makes direct contact with the workpiece
during the stretching operation or after the stretching
operation, or wherein the process includes a step in which
stretching tension is reduced, allowing a dimension of the
workpiece to decrease.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
78 for a process wherein a workpiece is dyed.
129 for a process wherein the workpiece is coated, outside
the mold, that is, when not under stretching conditions.
289.3 for a process in which liquid contact or shrinking
takes place before any stretching.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, 375 and 411+
for coated, e.g., lubricated, etc., fibers and sheets,
respectively, per se.
Subclass:
290.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Biaxial or transverse to travel direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process
wherein a moving workpiece is stretched in a direction at
right angles to its direction of movement or in which a
stationary, indefinite-length work-piece is stretched in two
perpendicular directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for a process wherein stretching is followed by removal
of part of the workpiece.
235.8 for a process wherein biaxial stretching of a film is
followed by heat-setting. When all of the claims of a patent
include the heat setting step, the patent is preferably not
cross-referenced to this subclass.
Subclass:
290.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of filament:
This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4. Process
wherein the workpiece is one having a width and thickness of
small and about equal dimensions.
(1) Note. The filament may be a monofilament or a tow or
yarn, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
289.6 for filament stretching where a shrinking is included
in the process.
Subclass:
290.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including contact with mechanism in stretch path (e.g.,
snubbing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 290.5. Process
wherein the fiber, besides contact with the two essential
mechanisms which cause the tension application and define the
stretch path, contacts also a third solid object arranged
between the two essential mechanisms.
(1) Note. The third object often, but not always, serves
the purpose of defining the necking point of the fiber during
stretching.
Subclass:
291
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes
wherein external tension is applied to a self-sustaining body
so as to effectively increase at least one surface dimension
thereof or otherwise reshape the body by extending it beyond
the elastic limit.
(1) Note. Incidental stretching which occurs in the normal
reshaping of a workpiece between dies is not considered
sufficient to place a patent in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
2 for processes of forming polarizing sheets by a stretching
step.
88 for tensional deformation of self-sustaining bodies
generated by direct application of fluid pressure or vacuum
to work or molding material.
288 for stretching of running length work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 171 for processes of coating
combined with stretching or tensioning.
Subclass:
292
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Processes
wherein the workpiece is forced to assume the shape of a form
by said stretching of the workpiece over the form and into
contact therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for stretch forming with vacuum.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 212 for bending, drawing or stretching forming of a
sheet to assume shape of a configured lamina while in contact
therewith.
Subclass:
293
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which the surface configuration only of the workpiece is
altered by raising bosses or protuberances thereon or causing
surface portions to be depressed below the plane of the
workpiece surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
106 for embossing a preform to provide surface sound
grooves.
138 for processes including a cutting operation.
284 for embossing of a running or indefinite length work and
see the notes thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, 3.1 for embossing processes there provided
for.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 209 and 219+ for surface deformation or embossing
combined with a laminating operation.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 385 for a preform reshaping means
comprising a surface deformation means only.
Subclass:
294
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes
which include plural molding or shaping steps said steps
being distinct, separate and sequential.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes in which a similar
type of molding, which may differ in magnitude or direction
is applied in plural steps to the same portion of the
article.
(2) Note. See appropriate subclasses in this class and the
search notes below in particular for processes which involve
incremental molding or accretion from bulk, e.g., successive
dip casting, and those operations which involve repetition to
give an overall unitary effect, e.g., sequential corrugation,
stepwise elongation of successive portions of an article or
bending a sheet in steps to form a U-shape.
(3) Note. Where a patent may recite a preliminary
"extrusion" prior to a molding operation where said
"extrusion" is disclosed to be for the purpose of mixing,
agitating or controlling or directing a stream of liquid or
plastic material enroute to the molding means, rather than
for shaping by extrusion, said "extrusion" will not be
considered a diverse molding step for purpose of this
subclass but will be classified on some other basis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for plural forming steps wherein one Is by a fluid
pressure differential.
285 for processes of bending or corrugating indefinite
length work.
301 particularly subclass 305 for processes involving
accretion from bulk.
308 for processes which include incremental molding.
339 for bending or twisting of work.
Subclass:
295
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Processes
wherein the plural steps comprise at least one molding step
followed by at least one bending or twisting operation in
which (a) a portion of a workpiece is moved throughout its
entire thickness relative to a second portion during which
the thickness of the workpiece remains substantially the same
and no significant plastic flow occurs or (b) there is
distortion of a single solid body by relative movement of its
parts about a common axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
98 for a pneumatic shaping pressure applied to the inside of
a hollow work following preliminary extrusion of a blank or
blank portion.
103 for twisting of plural elements about each other.
339 for distortion by twisting, per se.
Subclass:
296
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Processes in
which at least one of the shaping or molding steps alters the
existing configuration of a limited portion of the article.
Subclass:
297.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming plural articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes
which include forming a plurality of separate and distinct
articles either simultaneously or sequentially.
(1) Note. To be placed in this subclass, the articles
formed must not be particulate in nature, that is, of such a
size that the formed particles can be handled in bulk only.
For formation of particulate material from a liquid or molten
mass, see the search note below.
(2) Note. The fact that the apparatus used in the process
may be capable of continuous operation thus forming plural
articles, for example, injection molding devices, is not
sufficient to place a patent in this and the indented
subclasses. To be placed in this array the patent must claim
the process of forming plural articles.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
5 for formation of particulate material directly from a
molten or liquid mass.
157 where plural articles are produced by cutting
operations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
249, Static Molds, 119 for molds for forming plural
products.
Subclass:
297.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including introducing material under pressure into a closed
mold cavity (e.g., injection molding, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes
which include a step of forcing material from a source
removed from a closed mold cavity into the cavity wherein
said material assumes the shape of the closed mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
328.1 for processes of injection molding of single articles
or multiple attached articles.
Subclass:
297.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With plural molds on belt or turntable:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.2. Processes in
which the molds into which material is forced under pressure
are mounted on a continuous surface or are mounted to provide
for rotary motion of the molds about a central axis.
Subclass:
297.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming multiple stacked or nested articles or including
multilayer pressing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes in
which a plurality of articles are shaped by performing a
forming operation on a stack or nest of preforms or in which
a single press couple acts on a stack of shaping members.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a process of forming a
chain or article articulated in a chainlike manner as a
nested article.
(2) Note. This subclass also includes the use of parting
material in a stack of preforms to be shaped.
Subclass:
297.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reshaping or treatment of a preform (e.g., vulcanizing,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes in
which a preform is reshaped or subjected to chemical or
physical treatment after shaping.
(1) Note. The reshaping processes provided for herein
typically reshape part of a preform such as belling the end
of a length of pipe or vulcanize a group of preforms.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
294 for plural sequential shaping steps preformed on a
workpiece.
Subclass:
297.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With plural molds on a moving surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes
which include the use of a series of molds mounted on a
moving surface providing linear or rotary motion to the
molds.
Subclass:
297.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With linear movement of the molds:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.6. Processes in
which the moving surface carries the molds in a straight
line.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for molds mounted on
belts. Subclass 297.6 will provide for molds carried by a
turntable.
Subclass:
297.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneous formation of plural articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.1. Processes in
which a plurality of separate and distinct articles are
formed at the same time.
Subclass:
297.9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of primarily inorganic material (e.g., concrete or ceramic,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 297.8. Processes in
which the articles are composed of inorganic material.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for processes of making
dishes and concrete panels.
Subclass:
298
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which the article forming material is shaped by casting or
depositing the material on a liquid body the surface of which
acts as the shaping means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88 for direct application of fluid pressure to a workpiece
or molding material.
165 for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by casting on a liquid surface.
212 for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by casting on a solid supporting or shaping
surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 81 for processes of metal
casting on a liquid shaping surface.
Subclass:
299
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which (1) fluent or plastic material is caused to flow to
assume the configuration of a solid shaping surface in
contact therewith, or (2) solid material is forced against a
shaping surface by pressure means opposed thereto.
(1) Note. Vulcanizing between pressure surfaces or in a
shape retaining cavity is considered to involved "mold
shaping" for the purpose of this subclass and those indented
hereunder.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes
and apparatus for shaping glass.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for corresponding
apparatus, see especially 376.1 for an extrusion shaping
apparatus, subclasses 383+ for molding apparatus for
reshaping a preform, subclasses 406+ for a press molding
machine, and subclasses 425+ for a molding machine utilizing
mold motion to shape or to compact.
Subclass:
300
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which parting or release material is incorporated in the
molding composition to facilitate subsequent removal of the
formed article from the mold or shaping surface.
Subclass:
301
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the molding material is applied in bulk to the molding
surface causing a relatively small proportion to be deposited
or adhered to the molding surface followed by relatively
separating the mold form with the adhering material from the
remaining bulk.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, pouring
molding material into a mold and pouring out the excess which
does not cling to the mold walls or dipping a mold form into
the molding material and removal of said form therefrom with
a coating of said material adhered to the molding surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
articles wherein the molding surface, e.g., belt or wheel,
dips into the molding material.
308 for incremental molding processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 228 for processes of
accreting from a bulk supply of pulp suspension.
427, Coating Processes, 430.1 for processes of coating by
immersion and see the class definition of Class 264 at
section II F for the line between Classes 264 and 427.
Subclass:
302
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
wherein the molding material is poured or placed in the mold
and the excess material not deposited, gelled or coagulated
on the mold surface is removed to leave a relatively thin
deposit or layer on the inner walls of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
310 for processes wherein a material is rotationally cast
without excess material removal.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, subclass 77 for processes of slush
casting of metals.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 433 for slush molding in molds
peripherally supported on an endless belt and subclass 435
for other slush molding apparatus.
Subclass:
303
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes in
which the deposition or accretion on the mold surface is of a
nonuniform or varying thickness to produce articles which
have an irregular or nonuniform cross-sectional wall
thickness, or in which the accretion rate or overall
thickness of the accretion is controlled or regulated by a
compound or nonlinear movement of the molding form or
surface.
Subclass:
304
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
which include a step which facilitates removal of the formed
article from the mold or forming surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
334 for casting ejecting, core or mold stripping or
separating.
Subclass:
305
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
wherein the accretion of the material is in plural separate
stages by separate dippings into a source or supply of the
same molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
215 for processes of forming indefinite length or continuous
articles wherein the shaping surface, e.g., endless belt or
wheel is dipped into the molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 269 for corresponding apparatus.
427, Coating Processes, 430.1 for processes of coating by
immersion, and see Class 264 class definition at section II
F.
Subclass:
306
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes in
which the deposition or accretion of the molding material on
the mold is facilitated or effected by a separate treatment
or conditioning of the material or the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 471 for
electrophoretic or electro-osmotic coating or forming of an
object.
427, Coating Processes, 133 for processes of coating a
mold.
Subclass:
307
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Processes
wherein the accreted or deposited material is subsequently
treated while still on the form with an added agent or
reactant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
195 for subsequent chemical treatment of indefinite length
viscose articles.
218 for processes including a subsequent treatment of a cast
carbohydrate containing layer with a reactant or coagulating
agent.
232 for processes which include a subsequent disparate
treatment of an article out of the mold.
340 for treatment, per se, of shaped articles.
Subclass:
308
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the same material is applied in multiple, sequential
charges in or on the same mold or molding surface, or on the
surface of a previously deposited or formed layer of the same
material, the formed article resulting therefrom being
homogeneous and unitary in structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
171.1 for stratified or layered indefinite length article
forming.
241 for forming composite, plural part or multilayered
articles.
Subclass:
309
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the molding material is propelled forcibly through
space in either compacted bulk form, or discrete form, to
thereby impinge against and collect in or on a molding or
shaping surface or means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for processes of lining a furnace by spraying or flinging
material against a surface.
91 for vacuum depositing bulk particles.
98 for formation of solid particulate material directly from
a molten or liquid mass which may involve forcible
impingement of a liquid on a surface.
109 for formation of articles by adhesive uniting of
particulate nonmetallic material.
Subclass:
310
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which rotating motion is imparted to the material being
shaped or to the mold or mold shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for rotation to produce frictional heat.
69 for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions. However, such
patents should be crosses herein where applicable depending
on the time of duration of said rotation periods in one
direction.
175 for processes of forming indefinite length articles by a
calendering operation between endless shaping surfaces, e.g.,
belts or wheels.
Subclass:
311
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Processes
which include the generation of a centrifugal force which is
applied to the molding material, the effect of said
centrifugal force being manifested in the shaping,
distribution or maintenance of said molding material in the
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for formation of particulate material from a liquid or
molten mass by means of centrifugal force.
114 for use of centrifugal force in formation of articles by
uniting of bulk assembled particles.
176 for centrifugal spinning of filaments or fibers.
270 for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 114 for processes of centrifugally
casting metals.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclass 425 for a molding machine utilizing mold
motion to distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold.
Subclass:
312
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Processes in
which a recess is formed, enlarged or maintained by a
correspondingly shaped means for such recess which means
performs such function by a rotation relative to the body
containing such recess.
Subclass:
313
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the mold or mold surface is flexible, resilient,
deformable or may be collapsed or destroyed to facilitate
removal or separation of the molded article from the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
219 where the flexible or deformable mold surface is
anatomical.
318 for processes for making undercut articles in rigid
molds.
334 for processes directed to casting, ejecting, core or
mold stripping, or separating of articles from molds or
shaping devices and see the search notes thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, 423 for processes employing transitory or
temporary material or parts.
Subclass:
314
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Processes in
which the mold pressure is applied through fluid inflatable
or expansible means.
Subclass:
315
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Processes in
which said inflatable element is toroidal in shape.
(1) Note. A toroidal shape is that generated by a closed
planar figure when rotated about an axis lying in the same
plane therewith and outside the figure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
326 for reshaping toroidal shaped work in a closed mold
cavity.
Subclass:
316
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Processes
wherein a flexible or resilient sheet or web is employed as a
mold or mold surface or as a separate mold liner.
(1) Note. Tubes or casings or other hollow articles
regardless of length are not considered to be sheets or webs
for purposes of this subclass and are excluded herefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
338 for mold coatings or linings, per se, or specific
materials.
Subclass:
317
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Processes in
which the mold or mold surface is destroyed to facilitate
removal thereof from the molded material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 particularly subclasses 44 and 49 for destruction of
entrained bodies to form a porous body.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 155 for destruction of transitory material when
combined with a laminating operation.
Subclass:
318
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
directed to the molding of articles of such irregular shape
in rigid molds that portions of said articles and
corresponding portions of the mold are in the relationship of
an interference fit in that removal of said article from the
mold cannot be accomplished be a straight line or
unidirectional motion, except where the trapped portions of
the article are at least temporarily flexible, elastic or
resilient so as not to be broken or deformed from the desired
shape by the confining portions of the mold if a straight
line removal from the mold is employed.
(1) Note. This subclass will not take patents reciting the
molding of articles which may have trapped undercut surfaces
in the mold but which by specific mold structure may be
removed therefrom in a straightline or unidirectional motion.
However, this subclass will take processes of forming
articles of curved shapes in a rigid mold from which the
shaped articles may be withdrawn without interference from
the mold by a nonlinear motion corresponding to the curvature
of said article such as the formation of threaded articles
removed by an "unscrewing" operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
313 for processes employing a flexible, deformable or
destructible molding surface or material.
336 for processes of ejecting, stripping or separating
formed articles from the mold before a full set or cure has
taken place.
Subclass:
319
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the material, while being shaped (1) is raised in
temperature or (2) is subjected to an increase in pressure.
Subclass:
320
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in
which the material shaped is (1) a self-sustaining preform
throughout the reshaping operation or (2) is a
self-sustaining preform when placed into a mold.
(1) Note. Solid particulate molding material which is
handled or charged to the mold as a fluent mass is not
included within the scope of this and indented subclasses,
however, solid particles or pieces which are placed, handled,
or charged individually are considered self-sustaining
preforms or bodies for purposes of this and indented
subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107 for reshaping a solid preform to form sound grooves on
its surface.
112 for spheroidizing or rounding of particles in absence of
a mold or shaping surface.
230 for reshaping of a solid preform by heating to release
stress, e.g., elastic memory.
Subclass:
321
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes
wherein said work is of a sponge-like or foamed structure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for molding or shaping combined with the step of pore
forming in situ.
324 for processes for shaping a woven or felted sheet.
Subclass:
322
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in
which the solid workpiece is subjected to a treatment prior
to reshaping for the purpose of decreasing its rigidity or
hardness.
(1) Note. The treatment may be, for example, heating,
moistening, or solvent application.
(2) Note. Preliminary softening of the workpiece by liquid
impregnation within the scope of this subclass differs from
coating or impregnating the workpiece before molding or
shaping as provided for by subclasses 134+ in that the
impregnation in the present subclass is transitory and that
of subclasses 134+ in a permanent component of the article
formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
340 for treatments, per se, of preformed articles which are
directed to or included softening operations.
Subclass:
323
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in
which the reshaping of a solid preform is effected by
establishing a rubbing, wiping or sliding action between the
preform and a shaping surface.
(1) Note. Included within the scope of the subclass is
pressing a preform between mold surfaces and causing the
preformed material to be reshaped and spread along the mold
surfaces into an unconfined area. When such an operation is
caused by striking the preform with a shaping element causing
the material to be extruded out between the shaping surfaces
the process is usually referred to as impact extrusion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
165 for formation of continuous or indefinite length
articles by extrusion methods.
325 for processes of reshaping a preform in a closed mold
cavity.
Subclass:
324
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in
which the work being shaped is a felted fibrous sheet or a
woven textile sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136 for coating or impregnating a self sustaining batt,
sheet of filament and then reshaping.
257 for producing a composite, plural part or multilayered
article in which one component is a fibrous or textile sheet,
web or batt.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
62.2 for forming and laminating one or more webs or batts by
adhesive bonding and subclasses 196+ for reshaping followed
by laminating.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 223 for
processes of reshaping a felted waterlaid product.
Subclass:
325
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Processes in
which the solid work or molding material, within the confines
of a closed mold cavity, is caused to take the shape of the
interior of said mold cavity by a plastic flow of said work
or molding material.
(1) Note. A mold cavity is considered closed for purposes
of this subclass if it engages all of the exterior product
surfaces being formed or reshaped. Spaces between mold parts
or small openings in said parts will not exclude a mold
cavity from this subclass even though some molding material
is forced from the mold cavity through such spaces and
openings.
Subclass:
326
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Processes
wherein the article produced has a toroidal shape.
(1) Note. For a definition of "toroidal" see this class,
subclass 315 and note thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 where the pressure or heat is applied by means of a
toroidal inflated bag.
Subclass:
327
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes
wherein different degrees of heating or cooling are
positively applied simultaneously to the article or molding
material, or different portions thereof, while said article
is still in the mold.
(1) Note. To be placed herein a patent should recite a
positively applied temperature differential. Normal heating
or cooling to ambient temperatures, for example, wherein an
article may be cooler at the surface temporarily than at the
core, is not sufficient to place a patent herein.
(2) Note. Maintaining a uniform temperature of the product
by the nonuniform application or removal of product heat is
classified herein.
Subclass:
328.1
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Introducing material under pressure into a closed mold cavity
(e.g., injection molding, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in
which said pressure is applied to the molding material so as
to force the material from a source removed from a closed
mold cavity into the cavity wherein said material assumes the
shape of the interior of said closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
537 for injection molding of a hollow blank portion prior to
pneumatic pressure application to the inside.
Subclass:
328.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including movement of mold relative to injector:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which relative movement of the mold and injector head is
accomplished by displacement of either or both.
Subclass:
328.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including specified direction or condition of flow in mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which the injection mold is designed to produce a specified
direction of flow or a specified type of flow of material
during injection.
Subclass:
328.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including injection of two or more pressures:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which injection takes place at two distinct pressure levels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40.5 for processes of pressure control during molding.
Subclass:
328.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With heating or cooling:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which a positive step of increasing or decreasing the
temperature is carried out.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include merely cooling by
exposure to ambient conditions but does include frictional
heating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
68 for processes including step of generating heat by
friction.
232 for processes of heating or cooling after molding.
345 for article treatment by effecting a temperature
change.
Subclass:
328.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of injection nozzle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.14. Processes
in which the nozzle of the injection is heated or cooled.
Subclass:
328.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.14. Processes
in which the mold is heated or cooled.
Subclass:
328.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Pretreatment or preparation of charge material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which the material to be molded is treated to facilitate the
subsequent molding process.
Subclass:
328.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Mixing of filler, dye, or pigment:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.17. Processes
in which a filler, dye, or pigment is mixed with the injector
charge prior to molding.
Subclass:
328.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including feeding to accumulator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.17. Processes
in which the fluent material to be molded is stored in a zone
prior to being fed to the injector head.
Subclass:
328.2
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Material is nonthermoplastic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which curable, vulcanized, ceramic or hydrolitically settable
or is otherwise identified as not softening upon reheating
after molding.
(1) Note. In the absence of a clear showing to the contrary
a material is presumed to be a thermoplastic.
Subclass:
328.3
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Toroidal work (e.g., tire, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.2. Processes
wherein the article produced is a torus.
(1) Note. For a definition of "toroidal", see this class
(264), subclass 315, and the notes thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 where pressure is applied by means of a toroidal
inflated bag.
501 where direct fluid pressure is used to form a toroidal
article.
Subclass:
328.4
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing a transfer chamber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.2. Processes in
which molding material is accumulated in a pressurized zone
upstream of the injector head.
Subclass:
328.5
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With preformed charge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.4. Processes in
which the material to be molded is a preform.
Subclass:
328.6
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including mixing of reactants:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.2. Processes in
which chemical reactants are mixed prior to injection or in
the mold cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
240 for combining reactable materials during shaping.
349 for mixing of materials in general.
Subclass:
328.7
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including changing mold size or shape during injection or
between multiple stages of injection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which the physical conformation of the mold cavity is altered
while injecting material or between stages of injecting
material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
45.2 for processes of forming a multipart or composite
article using an expandable mold.
Subclass:
328.8
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With multiple injectors, mold cavities, or multiple steps of
injection of material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which multiple injectors feed a single mold cavity, or a
single injector feeds a series of connected mold cavities or
a single mold cavity in a series of distinct steps.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
250 for processes of separately molding different portions
of a single article.
328.13 for processes involving injection of a single charge
of material at varying pressure.
Subclass:
328.9
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including operation or design to minimize formation of gate,
sprue, or flash:
This subclass is indented under subclass 328.1. Processes in
which the process is carried out so as to minimize or
eliminate the formation of undesired waste material.
Subclass:
330
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in
which the material being molded is organic compound
containing.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the scope the term
"organic compound" as employed herein.
(2) Note. See the main definitions to this class (264) for
the line between this class and the composition classes.
(3) Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are
generally patents which include a unique combination of a
specifically recited organic material and a particular
molding temperature or pressure. Numerous patents which
include a specific manipulation or step provided for above
will also disclose a particular composition and temperature
or pressure. Such patents are cross-referenced here only
when they include some evidence that the temperature or
pressure are not conventionally used in molding the
particular material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for organic compositions.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 97 for natural resins
and reaction products thereof.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses, particularly Classes 523 and 524 for molding
compositions.
Subclass:
331.11
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Synthetic resin containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Processes in
which the organic material employed comprises a synthetic
resin.
(1) Note. For the definition of "synthetic resin", see
Class 520, Synthetic Resin or Natural Rubbers, subclass 1.
(2) Note. See the definitions of this class (264) for the
line between this class and the composition classes.
(3) Note. Classification herein is based on the first
appearing polymer or monomer including a monomer used to
aftertreat a solid polymer.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, 2.01 for synthetic
resinous compositions which may be disclosed to possess
utility as molding materials, and see (1) Note and (2) Note
above.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly
Classes 523 and 524 for a synthetic resin or natural rubbers
composition which may be disclosed or claimed to posses
utility as molding materials, and see (1) Note and (2) Note
above
Subclass:
331.12
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymer having heterocyclic group or polymer derived from
monomer having heteocyclic group except heterocyclic derived
solely from carboxylic acid (i.e., cyclic imide, lactam,
lactone, or anhydride):
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin is a polymer having or polymer
derived from a monomer having a heterocyclic group, i.e., an
organic compound wherein one or more carbon atoms are
covalently bonded in a ring system with at least one hetero
atom of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, selenium, or tellurium and
there are no other different atoms in the ring, except
heterocyclic derived solely from carboxylic acid, i.e.,
cyclic imide, lactam, lactone, or anhydride.
(1) Note. See subclass 331.13 for the definition of
ethylenic group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
331.15 for ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid
derivatives, i.e., lactams, cyclic imides, lactones, or
anhydrides.
331.19 for lactams or cyclic imides not containing an
ethylenic group.
331.21 for lactones or anhydrides not containing an
ethylenic group.
Subclass:
331.13
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymer derived from monomer having at least two ethylenic
groups (e.g., ABS rubber, chloroprene, etc.) or with natural
rubber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
wherein the synthetic resin is a polymer derived from a
monomer having at least two ethylenic groups, e.g., ABS
rubber, chloroprene, etc., or wherein the organic material
comprises a synthetic resin with a natural rubber.
(1) Note. An ethylenic group is defined as two carbon atoms
bonded together by a double or triple bond, with the proviso
that the double bond is not part of an aromatic ring, or of a
ring which shares a double bond with an aromatic ring.
Subclass:
331.14
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fluorine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin contains a fluorine atom.
Subclass:
331.15
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ethylenically unsaturated polymer or polymer derived from
ethylenically unsaturated monomer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin is an ethylenically unsaturated
polymer or a polymer derived from an ethylenically
unsaturated monomer.
(1) Note. Ethylenically unsaturated requires the presence
of two carbon atoms bonded together by a double or triple
bond, with the proviso that the double bond is not part of an
aromatic ring, or of a ring which shares of a double bond
with an aromatic ring.
Subclass:
331.16
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.15. Processes
in which the polymer contains nitrogen.
Subclass:
331.17
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Hydrocarbon polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.15. Processes
in which the polymer is a polymer containing only carbon and
hydrogen atoms.
Subclass:
331.18
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carboxylic acid or derivative (e.g., acrylic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.15. Processes
in which the polymer contains a carboxylic acid or derivative
group, e.g., acrylic, etc.
(1) Note. For the definition of a carboxylic acid or
derivative, see Class 528, subclass 271.
Subclass:
331.19
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen containing (e.g., polyamide, polyurethane, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin contains a nitrogen atom, e.g.,
polyamide, polyurethane, etc.
Subclass:
331.21
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Carboxylic acid or derivative:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin contains a carboxylic acid or
derivative group.
(1) Note. For the definition of a carboxylic acid or
derivative, see Class 528, subclass 271.
Subclass:
331.22
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymer derived from aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 331.11. Processes
in which the synthetic resin is a polymer derived from an
aldehyde.
Subclass:
332
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Processes in
which inorganic materials are reshaped or molded by a fusing
or melting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
30 for processes of lining furnaces which may include a step
of melting inorganic materials.
603 [supscrpt]+[end supscrpt], for vitrification, sintering,
or firing of a shaped inorganic preform external of a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for molding
molten glass.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for processes of forming a composition which may
include a firing step.
Subclass:
333
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Processes under 319 directed to the molding and shaping of
inorganic materials which are capable of being hydrolyzed by
water to a solid state.
(1) Note. In cross-referencing to this subclass the same
general rule should be followed as set out in the definition
of subclass 330.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate
subclasses for hydraulic settable materials and the method of
producing the same.
Subclass:
334
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes
which include the step of removing or displacing molding
material or the formed article from or relative to the
shaping surface.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes of removing
articles from molds, per se, when claimed in such a manner as
to have utility only in a molding operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
304 for an ejecting operation in an accretion from bulk
forming process.
317 where a core or mold is destroyed for removal of the
article.
318 for the molding of trapped or undercut articles wherein
the articles are removed from the mold by a nonlinear
motion.
Subclass:
335
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Processes
wherein the removal is effected or facilitated by a direct
application of a fluid pressure or vacuum including a fluid
blast or stream.
Subclass:
336
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Processes in
which the article or molded material is ejected or stripped
from the mold or molding surface when a desired shape is
obtained but before the article is completely set or cured.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
82 for curing products with a reactive gas or vapor.
318 for methods of forming undercut articles in which the
article is removed from the mold while the undercut portions
are still flexible to permit removal without breaking.
Subclass:
337
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Processes in
which the shaping or forming mold or surface is composed of
special or specific materials.
(1) Note. Many patents which include a manipulation or step
provided for above will also include a disclosure of using a
particular mold composition coating or lining. Such patents
should not be cross-referenced to this and indented subclass
unless there is some indication the materials recited are not
those conventionally used in such processes.
Subclass:
338
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Processes in
which the special or specific materials are in the form of a
coating or lining on the mold surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
213 where a casting surface for casting indefinite length
articles is treated with a surface parting, antistick or
release agent.
255 in which a layer of material deposited on a mold surface
becomes part of a composite formed article.
306 for processes which include the step of conditioning,
e.g., coating, the form employed in a dip casting operation.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, 133 for processes of coating a
mold.
Subclass:
339
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Processes in
which a portion of a single body is permanently distorted
throughout its entire thickness relative to a second portion
during which the thickness of the workpiece remains
substantially the same and no significant plastic flow occurs
or in which said body is permanently distorted by relative
movement of its parts about a common axis.
(1) Note. Plural similar, bending operations are included
herein. For plural diverse types of bending or shaping
operations, see the search notes below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
103 for "twisting" of plural materials about each other and
subclass 295 for a molding step combined with the step of
bending or twisting.
285 for bending of running or indefinite length work.
294 where bending or twisting of the work is one of a
plurality of molding or shaping steps.
Subclass:
340
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes in which preformed, shaped, or solid articles are
subjected to a treatment.
(1) Note. Treatment, for the purpose of this and indented
subclasses, included all procedures in which the chemical or
physical properties or characteristics of a work piece are
modified or controlled by other than mechanically shaping by
contacting the work with a solid shaping member.
(2) Note. Subsequent treatment, per se, of an article,
which involves a chemical reaction with said article, in the
absence of a particular manipulative or handling step, or
specific shape retaining or supporting step not otherwise
classifiable above, is not sufficient to bring a patent
herein. See the line between the composition classes and this
class as set out in the definitions above.
(3) Note. To complete the search for processes of treating
the appropriate subclasses set out above which include
combinations of shaping and treating should be searched.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232 for processes including a subsequent disparate
treatment.
349 for treatment of a mass by kneading, mulling, etc.
Subclass:
341
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes
wherein the article has its surface smoothed or leveled by
application of a material having a dissolving or softening
action on said article.
(1) Note. Polishing of materials by chemical action wherein
contaminants or surface reaction products, e.g., rust,
oxides, etc., are removed is not included in the scope of
this subclass. See the definitions to Class 216, Etching a
Substrate: Processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39 for processes which include polishing of an apparatus
surface as by mechanical action or removal of surface
accretions, e.g., cleaning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, for removal of surface
material by etching with solvent or chemical reagents to
polish or form a design.
Subclass:
342
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in
which a treatment serves to decrease the surface area of said
material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, 116 for processes
including a shrinking operation.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 76 for shrinking of a lamina in which
parchmentizing or transparentizing also occurs and subclasses
84+ for shrinking combined with a laminating step.
228, Metal Fusion Bonding, subclass 128 for bonding of metal
parts by thermally shrinking one of the parts.
Subclass:
343
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in
which a solid workpiece is treated in such a manner as to
cause it to increase in size or become softer or more
pliable.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
341 wherein solvents are employed to effect a superficial
surface softening as in solvent polishing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, subclass 130.1 for
swelling or plasticization of artificial fibers.
Subclass:
344
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes in
which the treatment results in the removal of a material
which is held or retained in or on the solid workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for removing solid bodies from a shaped body to form
pores.
233 for washing of a product in combination as a subsequent
disparate treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, particularly 137 for
cleaning or laundering, per se, of textiles and fibers.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for separation of liquids from solids by drying.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate
subclasses for cleaning or separation of impurities from
solid bodies.
Subclass:
345
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 340. Processes
wherein the treatment involves a positive temperature change,
other than a normal return to ambient temperatures from a
heated or cooled condition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for processes involving a flame treatment.
234 for a temperature change in combination as a subsequent
disparate treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
particularly 471 for gettering of a semiconductor substrate,
subclasses 514+ for ion implantation of electrically active
dopants into a semiconductive, and subclasses 795+ for
thermal treatment of a semiconductor substrate to modify some
property thereof.
Subclass:
346
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes in
which one or more temperature changes, are employed to
relieve or remove stresses or strains which may exist in a
preform or self-sustaining body.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235 for annealing in combination as a subsequent disparate
treatment.
Subclass:
347
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes in
which the temperature change, is employed to effect the
complete vulcanization or polymerization of a partially cured
self-sustaining body or preform.
(1) Note. Vulcanization, per se, or polymerization, per se,
of an article is not considered to be within the scope of
this subclass unless there is also included a particular
manipulative or handling step or specific shape retaining or
supporting step not otherwise classifiable above. See the
definitions to this class, pertaining to the line between
this class and the composition classes, and see also the
search notes to subclass 236 of this class (264).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
83 for curing in a reactive atmosphere.
236 for completion of cure of an article by a subsequent
disparate treatment.
280 for curing of running or indefinite length articles
between pressure surfaces.
325 for curing in a closed mold.
Subclass:
348
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Processes
directed to the cooling, per se, of a preform or
self-sustaining body by a positive application of a heat
extracting temperature differential.
(1) Note. Mere cooling to ambient temperature in normal
surroundings of a heated article is not included within the
scope of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for processes including the step of cooling or freezing
at 0 deg.C or below.
237 for a positive cooling step combined as a subsequent
disparate treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
62, Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses for specific
processes of refrigerating.
Subclass:
349
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous processes not provided for specifically above.
(1) Note. Included herein are patents disclosing working,
kneading or mulling, per se, of unspecified plastic materials
in general, to affect the plasticity thereof. Working,
kneading or mulling, per se, of specific compounds or
compositions will be classified in the appropriate compound
or composition class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
329 for heating or working material while moving to mold
cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
366, Agitating, 69 for process limited to mixing or kneading
rubber or heavy plastics.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 1 for processes
which may involve the working, kneading or mulling of plastic
materials classified therein. In particular, see Class 523,
subclasses 100+ and Class 528, subclasses 480+.
Subclass:
400
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
LASER ABLATIVE SHAPING OR PIERCING (I.E., NONETCHING, DEVOID
OF CHEMICAL AGENT OTHER THAN AIR):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to producing a configured or perforated
article, wherein material is removed from a preform by
vaporization or decomposition, caused solely by laser (i.e.,
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation)
generated heat and without the use of an external chemical
agent, other than air.
(1) Note. Claimed recitation of laser ablative shaping, per
se, without the use of an external chemical agent will be
considered proper for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for processes which include a step of (a) penetrating a
shaped product from one face to another to cause at least a
partial separation of the product, (b) tearing an article,
(c) removing material from an article by means of a solid
tool or implement, or (d) forming a comminuted product,
without the use of a laser.
482 for processes wherein the direct energy utilized before,
during, or after shaping or molding is laser.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, Cutting, appropriate subclasses for processes of cutting,
severing, incising, etc., where not claimed in combination.
216, Etching a Substrate: Processes, 2 for processes wherein
a substrate is subjected to bombardment by high energy
radiation above that of the so-called ultraviolet range.
219, Electric Heating, 121.6 for electrical heating of metal
utilizing laser.
241, Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
appropriate subclasses for processes for solid material
comminuting.
Subclass:
401
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC SHAPING FROM LIQUID PRECURSOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the application of electromagnetic wave
energy on a confined solidifiable liquid or semi-solid
material which results in formation of a solid
three-dimensional product.
(1) Note. In most cases the subject matter found in this
subclass includes processes of producing solid three
dimensional articles by application of computer directed
electromagnetic wave energy in combination with
polymerization and surface tension phenomena at a selected
area of a confined polymerizable liquid or semi-solid
material, causing a shaped integrated three-dimensional
layered buildup (solidified article) to form.
(2) Note. The technology of this subclass generally
includes a scanner, laser, photopolymer vat, and a
controlling computer.
(3) Note. Synergistic stimulation by impinging radiation or
particle bombardment, which alters the physical state of a
confined fluid medium and forms a three-dimensional article
(part), is considered appropriate for this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
for processes of uniting preforms, especially subclass 58
contour or profile photography to reproduce three-dimensional
objects.
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for processes of using radiation to
reproduce a likeness or image of an object and see especially
subclass 269, imaging affecting physical property of
radiation sensitive material, or producing nonplanar or
printing surface-process, composition or product.
Subclass:
402
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO HEAT THE
MOLD (E.G., ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, PARTICULATE, MAGNETIC,
SONIC, ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein electrical, electromagnetic, particulate,
magnetic, sonic, induction heat, or electrostatic energy is
directly applied to a mold or molding apparatus to cause said
mold to be heated.
(1) Note. Some examples of wave energy found in this
subclass are electromagnetic, particulate, light, sonic,
supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, X-rays, and magnetic
energy. Particulate energy includes charged particles and
atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and
neutrons.
(2) Note. Terms listed in the glossary are denoted by an
asterisk.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
405 for processes of molding or treating articles or
processes of molding or treating precursors by direct
application of electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
403
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein the mold is subjected to induction heat.
(1) Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a
nominally electrical conducting material by eddy currents
induced by a varying electromagnetic field. When an
alternating current flows through a coil which surrounds or
is adjacent to a nominally conducting material, eddy currents
will be induced therein and cause said material to be
heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
431 for processes of producing or treating inorganic
material utilizing induction heating.
457 for blow molding processes utilizing induction heating.
472 for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating.
486 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
induction heat.
Subclass:
404
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Electrical heating (e.g., Resistance heat, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Processes
wherein the mold is heated by passage of electrical current
through the mold which impedes current flow and results in
the dissipation of power in the form of heat.
Subclass:
405
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO WORK
(E.G., ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE, PARTICULATE, MAGNETIC, INDUCTION
HEAT, SONIC, ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to applying electrical, electromagnetic,
magnetic, wave, or particulate energy directly to the work.
(1) Note. Some examples of wave energy found in this
subclass are electromagnetic, particulate, light, sonic,
supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, X-rays, and magnetic
energy. Particulate energy includes charged particles and
atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and
neutrons. Mere use of magnetic force employed to maintain a
preform in a selected position is not provided for here,
rather see subclasses 275+.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such to the work,
the work precursor or the coating material used in a combined
coating and shaping operation. Processes utilizing wave
energy (e.g., plasma, etc.) to apply a coating combined with
a shaping operation are properly classified in this subclass
and indented subclasses. Conversion of electrical energy to
heat and the application of the heat to the work is excluded
from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate
subclasses.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
275 for processes of molding wherein magnetic or
electrostatic force is utilized to maintain a preform in a
selected position during molding and see (1) Note, above.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate
subclasses for a process of effecting a chemical reaction by
utilizing electrical or wave energy, especially 157.15 for a
process of preparing a specific compound utilizing electrical
or eave energy. The line stated in the Class 204 definition
for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined with an
operation for another class is to be followed for
classification of claims defining both Class 204 and Class
264 operations.
522, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 1 for processes of
preparing or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber
involving a chemical reaction brought about by the
application of wave energy.
Subclass:
406
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Measuring, testing, or inspecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
which includes a step of utilizing electrical, electromatic,
magnetic, wave or particulate energy to audibly, chemically,
mechanically, or physically determine some variable condition
in a shaped article, molding material, mold or shaping
surface.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining
imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction
or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired
variations which activate correction mechanisms. Recitations
of optimum or desired temperatures or pressures or
proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and
are classified with the disclosed process on some other
basis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40.1 for measuring, testing, or inspecting without utilizing
direct application of electrical or wave energy to work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, Metal Working, subclass 407 for processes including a
step of testing or indicating combined with mechanical
manufacture.
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
testing, per se.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 49 and 198
for processes of testing or inspecting combined with a paper
making operation.
164, Metal Founding, subclass 79 for metal casting
operations employing a pore producing agent.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for electrical testing or the measuring, testing,
or sensing of nonelectric properties by electric means.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, 1 for
processes of chemical testing.
Subclass:
407
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using sonic, supersonic, or ultrasonic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Processes
directed to utilizing wave vibrations which can be heard by
the human ear.
(1) Note. Patents claiming the use of ultrasonic or
supersonic frequencies (energy) are properly classified in
this subclass. The term supersonic covers frequencies above
the range of normal human hearing. Ultrasonic waves vibrate
at frequencies beyond the hearing power of human beings
(above 20,000 hertz). Sonic frequencies are vibrations which
can be heard by the human ear (from about 15 hertz to
approximately 20,000 hertz).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for processes involving treatment of material by
vibrating, jarring, or agitating during shaping.
442 for processes utilizing sonic energy other than
measuring or testing.
Subclass:
408
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sensing by utilizing light or passage of electric-field
current through molding material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Processes
wherein the variable condition is determined by using light
or the passing of electrical current through a molding
material.
Subclass:
409
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Laser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the light used is laser (i.e., light amplification by
stimulated emissions of radiation).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
482 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
laser.
Subclass:
410
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the light used is infrared.
(1) Note. Infrared radiation, measured using the
electromagnetic wave spectrum, is that portion which is
visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75
micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
458 for blow molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation.
462 for processes of uniting particles utilizing infrared
radiation.
476 for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation.
481 for processes of reshaping, drawing or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation.
492 for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
411
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Measuring weight or volume (e.g., level-responsive, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the weight or volume of the molding material is
measured.
(1) Note. Operations including maintaining a container at a
desired capacity are proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
412
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlling rate of movement of molding material or its
support in a continuous process:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Processes
wherein the movement of the molding material or a substrate
supporting the molding material in a continuous process is
controlled.
(1) Note. Controlled continuous processes found in this
subclass include (a) a set up for repetitive operations or
(b) endless flow operations, wherein molding material leaves
the molding cavity.
Subclass:
413
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing or treating porous product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is used (a) to form pores
or voids in an article or (b) for the treatment* of a porous
article.
(1) Note. Pore forming when not combined with significant
molding is provided for in various classes and the general
lines between those classes and Class 264 is followed even
though the step of forming pores is recited.
(2) Note. Included within the scope of this subclass and
indented subclasses are enlarging voids already present in a
material by expanding gases contained therein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 For processes of forming pores or voids without using the
direct application of electrical or wave energy.
317 for processes, generally, which involve the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void.
321 for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
610 for processes of burning, vaporizing, or melting of
embedded element or core to form a nonrandom void
628 for processes of producing microporous articles without
intentionally occluding or incorporating void forming
elements randomly throughout the forming material.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
subclass 296 for pore forming in abrasive materials.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 122, 601+,
and 672+ for pore forming, per se, in compositions within the
definitions of the class.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
77 for a pore forming step in combination with a laminating
operation.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 101 for a
pore forming step within the class definition.
366, Agitating, 3 for a step of utilizing gas in mixing
mortar.
501, Compositions: Ceramic, subclass 39 and 80+ for
pore-forming ceramic compositions.
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, 50 for pore
forming, per se, in a synthetic resin or natural resin
composition.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclass 255 for the forming of pores or voids in the
production of a material containing hazardous or toxic waste
for purposes of containment.
Subclass:
414
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Inorganic material containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes
wherein the pore forming material or porous article contains
inorganic material.
(1) Note. Inorganic porous material having minimal or trace
amounts of organic material (e.g., resinous binders, etc.)
are properly classified here.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260 for the distinction between the term "organic" and
"inorganic."
Subclass:
415
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including in situ (e.g., foaming):
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes
wherein the pore containing article or material is produced
by on site foaming.
Subclass:
416
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using liquid to gas blowing agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes in
which the pores or voids are formed by using a liquid blowing
agent whose state changes from liquid to gas (i.e.,
vaporization of a liquid incorporated into the molding
material).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53 for processes in which voids are formed by a liquid to
gas change of state without using directly applied electrical
or wave energy.
Subclass:
417
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes in
which the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far
infrared and conventional radio-frequency.
(1) Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an
electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength measured in the
centimeter range. Microwaves occupy a region in the
electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared and
radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between
these regions except by arbitrary definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
420 for processes of using blowing agents to form porous
products utilizing microwave energy.
432 for processes of treating inorganic material utilizing
microwave energy.
474 for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy.
489 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
microwave.
Subclass:
418
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz and
extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
421 for processes of using blowing agents to form porous
products utilizing radio frequency wave energy.
422 for processes of utilizing radio frequency wave energy
to form porous products.
475 for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy.
491 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
radio frequency wave.
Subclass:
419
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using chemical blowing agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes in
which pores or voids are formed by the generation of a gas,
by a chemical reaction of gas producing reactants, or by
agents incorporated in the molding material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54 for processes of forming voids or pores utilizing gas
producing reactants without using directly applied electrical
or wave energy.
Subclass:
420
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Processes in
which the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far
infrared and conventional radio frequency.
(1) Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an
electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength measured in the
centimeter range. Microwaves occupy a region in the
electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared and
radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between
these regions except by arbitrary definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
432 for processes of treating inorganic material utilizing
microwave energy.
474 for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy.
489 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
microwave.
Subclass:
421
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz and
extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422 for processes of utilizing radio frequency wave energy
to form porous products.
475 for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy.
491 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
radio frequency wave.
Subclass:
422
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz and
extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
475 for extrusion molding processes utilizing radio
frequency wave energy.
491 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
radio frequency wave.
Subclass:
423
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied consists of a gaseous
vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in
a nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
(1) Note. Generally a plasma consists of a wholly or
partially ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and
neutral particles. The concentration of negatively and
positively charged carriers are approximately equal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
455 for blow molding processes utilizing plasma.
469 for extrusion molding processes utilizing plasma.
483 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
plasma.
Subclass:
424
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electron arc or electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical
discharges between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of
electrons moving in the same direction, and at the same
speed, under the influence of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
456 for blow molding processes utilizing electron arc or
beam.
470 for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron arc
or beam.
485 for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is the
energy directly applied.
Subclass:
425
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Processes
wherein the material used to produce or treat the porous
product is caused to polymerize, cross-link, or cure.
(1) Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming
the following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition
polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or
graft polymerization. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
459 for blow molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs.
463 for uniting particles to form articles wherein
polymerization occurs.
477 for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs.
494 for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
426
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing or treating inorganic hydro-settable material
(e.g., cement, plaster, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied is utilized for the
treatment* of or formation of inorganic materials which are
capable of being hydrolyzed by water to a solid state.
(1) Note. Inorganic hydro-settable material having minimal
or trace amounts of organic material are properly classified
here.
(2) Note. This subclass includes compositions made without
any melting or fusion of particles, as well as those made by
sintering, that is, a process in which a portion of a
nonmetallic particle is bonded, coalesced, or partly fused to
a portion of an adjacent particle due to the application of
heat or heat and pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, 638 for coating
compositions containing an inorganic settable material.
Subclass:
427
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing or treating magnetic product or precursor thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied is utilized for the (a)
treatment* or formation of a magnetic article or (b)
treatment* or production of material to be used to make said
article.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, 62.51 for processes of preparing magnetic
compositions and the compositions resulting therefrom, as
well as such processes followed by a magnetizing and/or a
nominal or broad molding step.
Subclass:
428
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including vitrifying or sintering (e.g., fusing, firing,
burning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Processes
wherein the magnetic product is subjected to temperatures
sufficiently high (with or without pressure) which causes
said article to, at least partially, coalesce or fuse.
(1) Note. The term firing recited in a patent is considered
to read on either sintering or vitrifying and is included
herein, unless the firing is disclosed as being for some
other purpose or at a clearly too low or inadequate
temperature to accomplish sintering or vitrifying. Firing to
render a mass friable (calcining) or firing at a temperature
only sufficient to drive out the moisture content would, for
example, be excluded.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
to autogenously bond, without the use of electrical,
particulate or wave energy.
239 for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
wherein the particulate material is completely melted,
without the use of electrical, particulate, or wave energy.
434 for processes of sintering or vitrifying inorganic
material.
603 for processes of sintering or vitrifying a shaped
inorganic preform external of a mold, without the use of
electrical, particulate, or wave energy.
Subclass:
429
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Uniting magnetic particles utilizing organic binder (e.g.,
resinous binders, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Processes
wherein magnetic small grains, pellets or beads, are
adhesively joined using an organic material.
(1) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260 for the distinction between the term "organic" and
"inorganic."
Subclass:
430
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing or treating inorganic material, not as pigments,
conductive enhancers, or fillers (e.g., ceramic, refractory
material, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied is used in the treatment*
of or formation of inorganic material other than as pigments,
conductive enhancers or fillers.
(1) Note. Inorganic material containing minimal or trace
amounts of organic material (e.g., resinous binders, etc.)
are properly classified here.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class
260 for the distinction between the term "organic" and
"inorganic."
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
450 for processes utilizing organic material which contains
small amounts of inorganic material as pigments, conductive
enhancers, or fillers.
Subclass:
431
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes
wherein the inorganic material is subjected to induction
heat.
(1) Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a
nominally electrical conducting material by eddy currents
induced by a varying electromagnetic field. When an
alternating current flows through a coil surrounding or
adjacent a nominally conducting material, eddy currents will
be induced therein, causing said material to be heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
457 for blow molding processes utilizing induction heating.
472 for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating.
486 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
induction heat.
Subclass:
432
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 416. Processes in
which the directly applied energy, is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum, as existing between far
infrared and conventional radio-frequency.
(1) Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an
electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength measured in the
centimeter range. Microwaves occupy a region in the
electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared and
radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between
these regions except by arbitrary definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
474 for extrusion molding processes utilizing microwave
energy.
489 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
microwave.
Subclass:
433
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extruding (e.g., spinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes
wherein the inorganic material is shaped by forcing it
through a confining orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176.1 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping
orifice.
323 for processes of extruding finite articles, per se.
452 for processes of extruding material wherein an electrode
is part of the extruding shaping surface.
Subclass:
434
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including vitrifying or sintering (e.g., fusing, firing,
burning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Processes
wherein the inorganic material thereof is subjected to
temperatures sufficiently high (with or without pressure)
which causes said material to, at least partially, coalesce
or fuse.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
125 for processes of sintering or heat fusion of particles
to autogenously bond, without the use of electrical,
particulate or wave energy.
239 especially subclass 332, for processes of sintering or
heat fusion of particles wherein the particulate material is
completely melted, without the use of electrical, particulate
or wave energy.
603 for processes of sintering a shaped inorganic preform
external of a mold and without the use of electrical,
particulate or wave energy.
Subclass:
435
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Molecular aligning or molecular orientating (e.g., poling,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied is used to direct, shift,
or arrange molecules, of the molding material, in a
particular order.
Subclass:
436
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing permanently polarized dielectric (e.g., electret,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Processes
wherein the arranged molecular alignment results in a fixed
polarized dielectric product.
Subclass:
437
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Conveying or aligning particulate material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is used to transport,
arrange, or order small discrete pieces, grains, pellets, or
beads.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, 450 for
processes employing electrophoresis or electro-osmosis.
Subclass:
438
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electrostatic charge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Processes
directed to using electrical energy having a
constant-intensity electric charge which results in the
capability of attracting and holding small particles having
an opposite electrical charge.
(1) Note. Electrostatic charge is generally considered to
be an electric charge that is in a state of equilibrium.
Subclass:
439
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneously with molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Processes
wherein the particles are aligned or conveyed concurrently
with the molding operation.
Subclass:
440
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming composite structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes
wherein the particulate material is arranged to form at least
two different, contiguous layers or portions, each having a
continuous phase (e.g., plural, adjacent, spacial distinct
layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
480 for reshaping, drawing, or stretching a composite
work-piece.
487 for treating or heating a composite work-piece utilizing
induction heat.
490 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy.
493 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
441
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing filament:
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Processes
wherein a fine threadlike body or structure whose width and
thickness are of the same order of magnitude is formed.
Subclass:
442
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using sonic, supersonic, or ultrasonic energy:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
directed to utilizing wave vibrations which cover the use of
(a) frequencies above the range of normal human hearing,
usually above 20,000 hertz and below radio waves (i.e.,
supersonic or ultrasonic), or (b) frequencies which can be
heard by the human ear (from about 15 hertz to approximately
20,000 hertz).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
69 for processes involving treatment of material by
vibrating, jarring, or agitating during shaping and wherein
the frequency is not specified.
Subclass:
443
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneously with molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 442. Processes
wherein the sonic energy is employed concurrently with the
molding operation.
Subclass:
444
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing articles of indefinite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Processes
wherein self-sustaining continuous articles or running length
bodies are formed.
Subclass:
445
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Fusion bonding of preformed bodies and shaping at the joint:
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Processes
wherein at least two plastically deformable self-sustaining
bodies are assembled and autogenously united at a joint area
by a shaping operation with plastic flow to reshape said
bodies at said joint area.
Subclass:
446
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Limited to treatment* of surface or coated surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein at least one treatment step is applied to a surface
or coated surface only.
Subclass:
447
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Treatment* of coated surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein only the coated surface is treated.
Subclass:
448
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of indefinite length article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the treated surface is that of a self-sustaining
continuous article or running length body.
Subclass:
449
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using direct contact of electrode or electrical wire with
precursor or workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes,
wherein electrical current is caused to flow through a
precursor or a workpiece by directly contacting said
precursor or workpiece with an electrode or wire.
(1) Note. The electrode or wire may either remain as a part
of the workpiece or be detached therefrom.
Subclass:
450
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Organic material contains specified conductive enhancing
component (e.g., filler, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Processes
wherein the precursor or workpiece contains an identified
electroconductive material which aids the current flow.
(1) Note. Organic material which contains small amounts of
inorganic material as conductive enhancers are properly
classified here.
Subclass:
451
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping surface constitutes electrode:
This subclass is indented under subclass 449. Processes
wherein one of the electrodes provides the shaping function.
(1) Note. Processes wherein at least one electrode
comprises the shaping surface are found herein.
Subclass:
452
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extrusion molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Processes
wherein a material is shaped or molded by forcing it through
a confining orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176.1 for processes of forming continuous or indefinite
length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping
orifice.
323 for processes of extruding finite articles, per se.
464 for extruding processes, per se, utilizing direct
application of electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
453
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including injection molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Processes
wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to
force said material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the
shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
478 for injection molding, per se, utilizing direct
application of electrical or wave energy.
537 for injection molding of a hollow blank portion prior to
pneumatic pressure application to the inside.
Subclass:
454
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Direct application of fluid pressure (e.g., blow molding,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied through
the medium of a liquid or gas, in direct contact with a
workpiece.
Subclass:
455
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of a gaseous vapor of
ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in a
nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
(1) Note. A plasma generally consists of a wholly or
partially ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and
neutral particles. The concentration of negatively and
positively charged carriers are approximately equal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
469 for extrusion molding processes utilizing plasma.
483 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
plasma.
Subclass:
456
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electron arc or electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical
discharges between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of
electrons, moving in the same direction and at the same speed
under the influence of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
470 for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron arc
or beam.
485 for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is the
energy directly applied.
Subclass:
457
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes
wherein the material to be molded is subjected to induction
heat.
(1) Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a
nominally electrical conducting material by eddy currents
induced by a varying electromagnetic field. When an
alternating current flows through a coil surrounding or
adjacent a nominally conducting material, eddy currents will
be induced therein, causing said material to be heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
472 for extrusion molding processes utilizing induction
heating.
486 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
induction heat.
Subclass:
458
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes
wherein the energy applied is considered to have a frequency
range with wavelengths longer than those of visible light and
shorter than those of radio waves.
(1) Note. Infrared radiation, measured using the
electromagnetic wave spectrum, is that portion which is
visible to the eye, lying between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75
micrometers) and about 1 mm (1000 micrometers).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
462 for processes of uniting particles utilizing infrared
radiation.
476 for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation.
481 for processes of reshaping, drawing or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation.
492 for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
459
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 454. Processes
wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
(1) Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming
the following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition
polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or
graft polymerization. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
463 for uniting particles to form articles wherein
polymerization occurs.
477 for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization
occurs.
494 for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
460
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming articles by uniting randomly associated particles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy applied is used to bond individually
distinct particles to each other or through a binder.
(1) Note. The relative sizes of the particles are
immaterial; however, the particles must retain their discrete
nature during the associating and bonding operation. Further,
the mere presence of particles in a liquid carrier is not
sufficient for this subclass (e.g., fillers or slurries),
this being considered to be the molding of a fluent or liquid
mass rather than the association of particles and is provided
for in appropriate subclasses below.
(2) Note. The material is usually, but not necessarily, in
the form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate
material may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the
latent adhesive characteristics of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
131 for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material.
239 for processes of molding (a) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler or (b) colloidal
or nonsettling dispersions (e.g., rubber latex or clay) or
(c) plastic particulate material which lose their identity
during molding to form a homogeneous product and see (1)
Note, above.
517 for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, 144 for a process of
bringing particles together, for example by air laying, and
see the notes in subclasses 144+ for the line between Class
264 and Class 19.
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, 313 for agglomerating
processes provided for in that class.
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, 550 for a solid fuel
consolidation or shaping process which goes beyond mere
molding of a starting composition, especially subclasses 596+
for a process which includes pressing using a specified
condition or technique.
51, Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,
293 for processes of making abrading tools, the materials,
or compositions used therein.
65, Glass Manufacturing, 3.1 and 4.1+ for a process of
forming glass fibers from a glass melt and adhesively bonding
the fibers by any bonding medium or autogenously to form a
glass fiber felt and subclasses 36+ for a process of fusing
glass fibers or particles to each other to form a felt. See
also the main definition of Class 264 for a further statement
of the line with Class 65.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions,Etc., see
especially the notes thereto for the locus of other art
relating to particle uniting and 228 for a consolidated
metal particle composition.
100, Presses, 35 for a method of intermingling and/or
deforming particulate material to mechanically unite the
particles together at their respective interfaces without use
of a binder.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 62.2 for a process of forming a felted article by
simultaneously uniting of particles combined with the step of
adhesively bonding the felted article to another part.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, 100 for a process of
forming an interfelted fibrous product (e.g., paper
interfelted fibrous product, paper from a liquid fibrous
suspension, etc.).
201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, 5 for a process
for a mechanical pressing or briquetting of solid
carbonaceous material combined with a thermolytic
distillation operation.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 61 processes for making
articles from metal particles by pressure without heat and
subclass 1 for similar processes which use heat.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 80.1 for corresponding apparatus.
427, Coating Processes, subclass 180 for processes of
coating utilizing solid particles or fibers.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 87
for a product with a pile or nap type surface and including
particulate matter, subclasses 143+ for a stock material in
the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has a
textured or rough surface comprising particulate matter,
subclasses 323+ for a composite web or sheet including a
component having structurally defined particles, and
subclasses 402+ for structurally defined or coated
particles.
Subclass:
461
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electron arc or electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of a (a) prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical
discharges between two electrodes or (b) narrow stream of
electrons moving in the same direction, and at the same
speed, under the influence of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
470 for extrusion molding processes utilizing electron
beam.
485 for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is the
directly applied energy.
Subclass:
462
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes
wherein the energy applied is considered to have a frequency
range with wavelengths longer than those of visible light and
shorter than those of radio waves.
(1) Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic
spectrum, having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1
mm (1000 micrometers) are properly classified here as
infrared.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
476 for extrusion molding processes utilizing infrared
radiation.
481 for processes of reshaping, drawing, or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation.
492 for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
463
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Processes,
wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
(1) Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming
the following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition
polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or
graft polymerization. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
477 for extrusion molding processes wherein polymerization,
cross-linking, or curing occurs.
494 for processes wherein polymerization, cross-linking, or
curing occurs utilizing directly applied electrical or wave
energy.
Subclass:
464
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Extrusion molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein an article is shaped or formed by extruding or
forcing a supply of the article forming material through a
confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 376.1 for an extrusion shaping machine for
nonmetals and see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
465
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (e.g.,
pinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the energy used is static electrical or a force or
field created thereby.
(1) Note. Electrostatic energy is considered to be a form
of electrical energy which has the capability of attracting
and holding small particles having an opposite electrical
charge.
(2) Note. An electrostatic charge is an electric charge
stored in a capacitor or on the surface of an insulated
object.
(3) Note. An electrostatic field is considered to be the
vector force field set up in the vicinity of nonmoving
electrical charges.
Subclass:
466
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
On film, sheet or web:
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Processes
wherein the extruded material forms on a portion of material
of finite length, whose width is greater than its thickness
and which may be of any geometric shape (e.g., triangle,
circle, etc.).
Subclass:
467
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural electrodes spaced between the extruding means and the
shaping surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Processes
wherein more than one electrode is located between an
extruding orifice and a shaping surface.
Subclass:
468
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including differential fluid pressure application (e.g.,
vacuum etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Processes
wherein a change in fluid pressure is applied.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
500 and 335, for other art relating to the application of
fluid pressure differential to the work.
Subclass:
469
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of a gaseous vapor of
ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in a
nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
(1) Note. A plasma, generally consists of a wholly or
partially ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and
neutral particles. The concentration of negatively and
positively charged carriers are approximately equal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
483 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
plasma.
Subclass:
470
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electron arc or electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical
discharges between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of
electrons moving in the same direction, and at the same
speed, under the influence of an electric or magnetic field.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
485 for processes wherein an electron arc or beam is the
energy directly applied.
Subclass:
471
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Layered or structurally layered composite:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Processes
wherein the treated composite has more than one layer each of
which may be structured.
Subclass:
472
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the extrusion material is subjected to induction
heat.
(1) Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a
nominally electrical conducting material by eddy currents
induced by a varying electromagnetic field. When an
alternating current flows through a coil surrounding or
adjacent a nominally conducting material, eddy currents will
be induced therein, causing said material to be heated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
486 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
induction heat.
Subclass:
473
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
High energy or particulate radiation (e.g., X-ray, gamma ray,
neutron, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is irradiation with high
energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles.
(1) Note. The term high energy electromagnetic radiation or
high energy particles, as employed here, includes X-rays,
gamma rays, and particulate energy (i.e., charged particles
and atomic emissions such as alpha rays, beta rays, and
neutrons). Electromagnetic wave energy measured below
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered high energy electromagnetic radiation or high
energy particle radiation. This subject matter is often
referred to as high energy ionizing radiation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
488 for processes wherein high energy electromagnetic or
particulate radiation is the energy directly applied.
Subclass:
474
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far
infrared and conventional radio-frequency.
(1) Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an
electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength measured in the
centimeter range. Microwaves occupy a region in the
electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared and
radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between
these regions except by arbitrary definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
489 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
microwave.
Subclass:
475
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz and
extending up to the infrared region.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
491 for processes wherein the energy directly applied is
radio frequency wave.
Subclass:
476
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the energy applied is considered to have a frequency
range with wavelengths longer than those of visible light and
shorter than those of radio waves.
(1) Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic
spectrum, having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers)and about 1
mm (1000 micrometers) are properly classified here as
infrared.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
481 for processes of reshaping, drawing, or stretching
utilizing infrared radiation.
492 for processes wherein the applied energy is infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
477
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Processes
wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
(1) Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming
the following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition
polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or
graft polymerization. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
494 for processes wherein polymerization occurs utilizing
directly applied electrical or wave energy.
Subclass:
478
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Injection molding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to
force said material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the
shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
328.1 for injection molding without electrical or wave
energy.
537 for injection molding of a hollow blank portion prior to
pneumatic pressure application to the inside.
Subclass:
479
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Reshaping, drawing or stretching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy is applied during any stage of an
operation to reconfigure, lengthen, or elongate a moldable
material.
Subclass:
480
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Composite work-piece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Processes
wherein the reconfigured, lengthened or elongated material
comprises at least two different, contiguous layers or
portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g., plural,
adjacent, spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
487 for treating or heating a composite work-piece utilizing
induction heat.
490 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy.
493 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
481
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Processes
wherein the energy applied is considered to have a frequency
range with wavelengths longer than those of visible light and
shorter than those of radio waves.
(1) Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic
spectrum, having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1
mm (1000 micrometers) are properly classified here as
infrared.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
492 for processes wherein the directly applied energy is
infrared radiation.
Subclass:
482
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Laser:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied is a narrow beam of
coherent light (light amplification by stimulated emissions
of radiation).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
219, Electric Heating, 121.11 for processes utilizing
electric heat energy, per se, wherein the heat source is an
electron beam, plasma, arc, laser, etc.
Subclass:
483
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plasma (e.g., corona, glow discharge, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy directly applied consists of a gaseous
vapor of ions in equilibrium or a vapor of ions in vacuum in
a nonequilibrium state referred to as a "cold plasma."
(1) Note. A plasma, generally consists of a wholly or
partially ionized gas composed of ions, electrons, and
neutral particles. The concentration of negatively and
positively charged carriers are approximately equal.
Subclass:
484
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (e.g.,
pinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy used is static electrical or the force or
field created thereby.
(1) Note. Electrostatic energy is considered to be a form of
electrical energy which has the capability of attracting and
holding small particles having an opposite electrical
charge.
(2) Note. An electrostatic charge is considered to be
electric energy stored in a capacitor or on the surface of an
insulated object.
(3) Note. An electrostatic field is considered to be the
vector force field set up in the vicinity of non-moving
electrical charges.
Subclass:
485
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing electron arc or electron beam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy applied consists of (a) a prolonged
electrical discharge or series of prolonged electrical
discharges between two electrodes or (b) a narrow stream of
electrons moving in the same direction, and at the same
speed, under the influence of an electric or magnetic field.
Subclass:
486
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Induction heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the material is subjected to induction heat.
(1) Note. Induction heat is considered to be heating of a
nominally electrical conducting material by eddy currents
induced by a varying electromagnetic field. When an
alternating current flows through a coil surrounding or
adjacent a nominally conducting material, eddy currents will
be induced therein, causing said material to be heated.
Subclass:
487
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Composite work-piece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Processes
wherein the induction heat is directly applied to a
work-piece comprising at least two different, contiguous
layers or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g.,
plural, adjacent, spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
490 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing microwave
energy.
493 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
488
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
High energy or particulate radiation (e.g., X-ray, gamma ray,
neutron, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is irradiation with high
energy electromagnetic radiation or high energy particles.
(1) Note. The term high energy electromagnetic radiation or
"high energy particles," as employed here, includes X-rays,
gamma rays, and particulate energy (i.e., charged particles
and atomic emissions such as alpha rays, beta rays, and
neutrons). Electromagnetic wave energy measured below
wavelengths of 100 Angstroms (10 to the minus 8 meters) will
be considered "high energy electromagnetic radiation" or
"high energy particle radiation." This subject matter is
often referred to as "high energy ionizing radiation."
Subclass:
489
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Microwave (e.g., 2.45 gigahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between far
infrared and conventional radio-frequency.
(1) Note. A microwave is generally considered to be an
electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength measured in the
centimeter range. Microwaves occupy a region in the
electromagnetic wave spectrum between infrared and
radio-frequency. There are no distinct boundaries between
these regions except by arbitrary definition.
Subclass:
490
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Composite work-piece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Processes
wherein the microwave energy is directly applied to a
workpiece comprising at least two different, contiguous
layers or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g.,
plural, adjacent, spacial distinct layers, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
493 for treating a composite work-piece utilizing infrared
radiation.
Subclass:
491
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Radio frequency (e.g., 13.56 megahertz, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the directly applied energy is identified on the
electromagnetic wave spectrum as existing between 150 KHz and
extending up to the infrared region.
Subclass:
492
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Infrared radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the energy applied is considered to have a frequency
range with wavelengths longer than those of visible light and
shorter than those of radio waves.
(1) Note. Wave energy measured using the electromagnetic
spectrum, having a portion which is visible to the eye, lying
between wavelengths of 750 nm (0.75 micrometers) and about 1
mm (1000 micrometers) are properly classified here as
infrared.
Subclass:
493
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Composite work-piece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Processes
wherein the infrared radiation is directly applied to a
work-piece comprising at least two different, contiguous
layers or portions, each having a continuous phase (e.g.,
plural, adjacent, spacial distinct layers, etc.).
Subclass:
494
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing (e.g., utilizing
ultraviolet radiation, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
wherein the molding material is caused to polymerize,
cross-link, or cure.
(1) Note. Properly classified herein are documents claiming
the following terms. a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition
polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or
graft polymerization. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
Subclass:
495
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Indefinite length* articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Processes
wherein the polymerized articles formed are self-sustaining
continuous or running length.
Subclass:
496
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
While contacting a shaping surface (e.g., in mold curing,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Processes
wherein the polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing takes
place while in a mold or in contact with a molding surface.
Subclass:
497
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using laser sintering of particulate material to build
three-dimensional product (e.g., SLS, selective laser
sintering, etc.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Processes
directed to selective laser induced heat sintering to bond
individually randomly associated distinct and deposited
particles to form a complete three-dimensional article by
building up layers containing a major amount of the
particulate material.
(1) Note. The relative sizes of the particles are
immaterial, however the particles must retain their discrete
nature during the associating and bonding operation. Further,
the mere presence of particles in a liquid carrier is not
sufficient for this subclass (e.g., fillers or slurries,
etc.,) since this is considered to be molding of a fluent or
liquid mass rather than the association of particles and is
provided for in appropriate subclasses below.
(2) Note. The material is usually, but not necessarily, in
the form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate
material may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the
latent adhesive characteristics of the material.
(3) Note. Generally, the subject matter found in this
subclass includes dispensing a layer which comprises a
plurality of blended or coated powdered materials having
different dissociation or bonding temperatures and applying a
binder to selected portions of the powdered material, for
example by way of an ink-jet print head. The locations that
receive the binder are defined according to a cross-section
of the part to be produced, communicated to the apparatus by
a CAD, computer assisted design, data base. A roller is often
used to assist in the proper delivery and alignment of the
powdered material. Each powdered layer is selectively
sintered by a CAD laser causing layer buildup thereby forming
a complete three-dimensional product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6 for processes of forming solid particulate material by
liquid or melt comminuting combined with uniting of said bulk
assembled or deposited particles.
109 for forming articles by uniting randomly associated
particles.
131 for a molding process combined with a step of coating
with particulate material.
239 for processes of molding (a) plastic compositions
containing particulate material as a filler, (b) colloidal or
non-settling dispersions (e.g., rubber latex, clay, etc.),
and (c) plastic particulate material which lose their
identity during molding to form a homogeneous product (see
(1) Note, above).
517 for processes of applying vacuum or suction to bulk
assembled particles.
Subclass:
500
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO
PERMANENTLY SHAPE, DISTORT, OR SUSTAIN WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied
through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with
a workpiece to form or maintain a desired configuration.
(1) Note. The utilization of steam pressure as a source of
heat is not included here unless the steam serves to shape,
support, or sustain the work. Steam to heat is classified
below based on the specific molding or treatment step.
(2) Note. Introduction of fluent material into a mold under
pressure is not here unless a gas pressure medium acts
directly on the material in the mold cavity. Thus, injection
molding utilizing pneumatic pressure to inject the molding
material is not here if the pneumatic pressure acts through a
column of molding material such as a gate portion of the
article. Injection of the molding material rather than
directly on the body molding is provided for in subclasses
328+ below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, 261 for glass shaping apparatus
comprising inflating a parison in a mold; see the search
notes thereunder.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 387 for preform reshaping by direct application
of gas pressure (e.g., inflating, etc.); see the search notes
thereunder.
Subclass:
501
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing, toroidal work (e.g., tire, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which the article produced has a toroidal shape.
(1) Note. For a definition of "toroidal" see this class,
subclass 315 and accompanying notes.
(2) Note. Toroidal as used in this subclass includes tires,
inner tubes, and the like.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
315 where the pressure or heat is applied by means of a
toroidal inflated bag.
326 for reshaping toroidal shaped work in a closed mold
cavity.
Subclass:
502
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
At least a portion of the external surface being unconfined
during application of fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 501. Processes in
which an exterior portion of the toroidal surface is
unconfined during the application of differential fluid
pressure.
(1) Note. The processes included herein result in a toroid
with an outward projection.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
572 for similar processes of shaping partially confined
surfaces which are not toroidal.
Subclass:
503
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping against interior of a forming surface by rotation of
material shaping member:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which rotating motion is imparted to the material being
shaped or to the mold or shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8 for formation of particulate material from a liquid or
molten mass by means of centrifugal force.
68 for rotation to produce frictional heat.
69 for processes which pertain to agitating by plural
sequential rotations in reverse directions.
114 for use of centrifugal force in formation of an article
by uniting of bulk assembled particles.
175 for processes of forming indefinite length articles by a
calendering operation between endless shaping surface, e.g.,
belts or wheels.
176 for centrifugal spinning of filaments or fibers.
270 for processes of lining a mold cavity employing
centrifugal force.
310 for processes in which rotating motion is imparted to
the material shaped or to the mold without the direct
application of differential fluid pressure.
556 for a process of casting fluent material onto the
exterior of a cooled roll.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
164, Metal Founding, 114 for processes of centrifugally
casting metals.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 425 for a molding machine utilizing mold motion
to distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold.
Subclass:
504
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Perforation by differential fluid pressure; or smoothing,
scoring, or cutting of green concrete with fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which application of fluid pressure results in the formation
of a hole or aperture in a workpiece or in which direct
application of fluid pressure smooths or cuts a green
concrete article.
(1) Note. Excluded herefrom are flash and sprue trimmings
by fluid pressure differential and such is provided for in
subclass 536.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
154 155 and 156, for hole formation by means other than
differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
505
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Corrugating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which a portion of the workpiece is formed so as to have a
cross section having a ternate ridges and grooves.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
282 for a process of creping or crinkling without the direct
application of differential fluid pressure.
286 for corrugation of a web without the direct application
of differential fluid pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
202 and subclasses 205+ for corrugating of indefinite length
work combined with a laminating operation; and 210 for
corrugating and laminating to a noncorrugated lamina.
Subclass:
506
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of a tubular preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Processes in
which the workpiece is hollow, open ended, and of greater
axial dimension than diameter.
Subclass:
507
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With axial compression:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Precesses in
which tubular article or preform is corrugated by reduction
in its length.
Subclass:
508
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Continuous or indefinite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Processes in
which continuous or indefinite length work is corrugated.
Subclass:
509
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Labeling or embossing indicia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which an article or preform (a) is subjected to differential
fluid pressure which results in the production of a raised or
depressed area in the form of a word or trademark or symbol:
or (b) has a label (i.e., preform which is intended to carry
printed information which is thin relative to its other
dimensions) attached to its surface.
Subclass:
510
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing multilayer work or article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which two or more united preforms and/or layers are reshaped
or in which a layer is formed on a preform to produce a
product with two or more generally contiguous layers or two
or more layers are coextruded.
(1) Note. The layers may be of the same or different
material so long as there is a difference in some property of
the layers.
(2) Note. Uniting shaped sheets to form a hollow article is
not considered to make a multilayered product and is provided
for in subclass 545.
Subclass:
511
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including application of vacuum to hold, support, or sustain
a preform against which material is molded:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Processes in
which a negative pressure differential is used to hold,
support, or sustain a preform to which material is molded or
cast.
Subclass:
512
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing hollow work or a tubular article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Processes in
which the article formed is tubular or hollow.
(1) Note. Hollow is intended to comprise cuplike shapes
that are relatively deep with respect to diameter.
Subclass:
513
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including injection:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes in
which pressure is applied to the molding material so as to
force the material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into the cavity wherein said material assumes the
shape of the interior of said cavity.
Subclass:
514
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes in
which a supply of material is forced through a confining and
shaping orifice.
Subclass:
515
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including forming a hollow article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Processes in
which a finite length hollow parison is forced into
conformity with a female mold by the application of
differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
516
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By insertion or application of a preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Processes in
which a preform is introduced into or applied to the surface
of an article or introduced into a fluent material which is
formed into an article or preform.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include forming one
tubular object from fluent material and then forming another
layer thereon.
Subclass:
517
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Bulk deposition of particles by differential fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes
directed to bonding to each other individually distinct
particles which are associated randomly by bulk handling or
deposition to form a layer containing a major amount of the
particulate material.
(1) Note. The relative sizes of the particles are
immaterial; however, the particles must retain their discrete
nature during the associating and bonding operation.
Further, the mere presence of particles in a liquid carrier
is not sufficient for this subclass (e.g., fillers or
slurries), this being considered to be the molding or a
fluent or liquid mass rather than the association of
particles and is provided for in appropriate subclasses
below.
(2) Note. The material is usually but not necessarily in
the form of fibers or granules and bonding of the particulate
material may be effected by applying an adhesive or by the
latent adhesive characteristics of the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
109 and the notes thereunder for bulk deposition of
particulate nonmetallic material without the application of
direct fluid pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 39 for processes for
making articles from metal-containing particulate material
using pressure and heat wherein the particulate material is
formed into a shaped body prior to sintering or heating and a
specific pressure or the lack of pressure is recited for the
forming step.
Subclass:
518
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Continuous or indefinite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 517. Processes in
which a continuous or indefinite length work or product is
produced.
Subclass:
519
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Differential temperature conditioning:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processs in
which different degrees of heating or cooling are positively
applied to the workpiece to cause one part to be a higher
temperature than another.
(1) Note. To be placed herein, a patent should recite a
positively applied temperature differential. Normal heating
or cooling to ambient temperatures, for example, wherein an
article may be cooled at the surface temporarily more than at
the core, is not sufficient to place a patent herein.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include heating for stress
relief after forming, such processes will be found with the
molding process.
Subclass:
520
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including application of internal fluid pressure to hollow
finite length preform to force same into conformity with
female mold part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Processes in
which a finite length preform is forced into conformity with
a female mold.
(1) Note. Finite length parison includes a hollow
cylindrical body of plastic which is usually sealed at one
end either in its preformed state or as part of the ongoing
process. The finite length parison may be a preform or the
process herein may include the molding of the parison.
Subclass:
521
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Processes in
which the temperature differential is created by at least
heating the workpiece.
Subclass:
522
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Starting material is nonhollow planar finite length preform
or product is planar and of finite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Processes in
which the starting material is a generally planar nonhollow
preform or the product is of finite length.
(1) Note. The starting material may be cut off a continuous
or running length feed roll.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for processes generally
referred to as sheet shaping or thermoforming including a
step of differential temperature conditioning.
Subclass:
523
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including application of internal fluid pressure to hollow
finite length parison to expand same into conformity with
female mold part:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which a finite length hollow parison is expanded into
conformity with a female mold by the application of a
differential fluid pressure.
(1) Note. A parison in general is a hollow cylindrical
preform of relatively smaller diameter than length which may
be sealed or open and of an overall size suitable for blow
molding.
(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass are processes which
deform a flat sheet by forcing it into a female mold, such is
provided for in subclasses 544+.
Subclass:
524
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Production of a sealed product or a filled mercantile
container:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which the product of the process is a completely sealed
article or in which the article is filled with a fluid and
sealed.
(1) Note. Included herein are balls, incomplete containers,
i.e., without filling openings and filled containers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material Processes Compositions, and
Products, for forming a container by differential fluid
pressure wherein the fluid is claimed as an edible within
that class definition.
Subclass:
525
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including maintenance or production of internal sterility:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Processes in
which molding is carried out in such a manner as to produce
an internally sterile article or to maintain a sterile
condition in a preform being treated.
Subclass:
526
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of vacuum or internal venting of parison to
remove fluid after application of differential fluid
pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which the parison is vented internally to remove a blowing
fluid or a vacuum applied to created differential fluid
pressure.
Subclass:
527
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming multiple containers in a single mold block from a
single length of parison:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which two or more containers are formed from a single finite
length parison in a single or sequential operation in a
single mold block.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include continuous
clamshell molds that act on an indefinite length hollow
tube.
(2) Note. Mold block, as used herein, includes a single
shape defining means which defines one or more hollow
articles.
Subclass:
528
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including internal cooling of the article after fluid
pressure shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which a fluid cooling medium is introduced into the molded
work or article.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include the use of an
internal mold part or accessory, for example, a cooled
mandrel to effect internal cooling.
Subclass:
529
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including plural distinct steps of differential fluid
pressure induced expansion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which expansion by differential fluid pressure of the parison
takes place in two or more sequential steps each of which
causes deformation.
(1) Note. One of the steps of expansion may be prepuffing
or free expanding of the workpiece.
(2) Note. The two or more expansion steps may take place in
the same or different molds, or one expansion step may be
carried outside the mold, i.e., free blowing followed by blow
molding, etc.
Subclass:
530
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In diverse female mold cavities:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Processes in
which the sequential expansion steps take place in each of
two or more molds.
Subclass:
531
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including shaping by mechanical means other than fluid
pressure during or subsequent to fluid pressure differential
shaping:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which sequential reshaping is carried out by physical contact
with relatively moving forming means.
(1) Note. Severing, bottom pinching and neck molding
wherein the neck is molded as an inherent step in the closing
of the mold about the parison or workpiece are not considered
reshaping within the meaning of this subclass; however, if a
separate neck mold is closed about the neck portion or a
mandrel is inserted forcing material into a neck mold portion
of a closed mold this would be sufficient to be considered
reshaping for purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
532
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping is longitudinal or axial stretching prior to or
during differential fluid pressure deformation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes in
which, by application of physical force by a machine part,
the greatest dimension of a parison or workpiece is
increased.
(1) Note. The mechanical stretching may be accompanied by
increased fluid pressure differential.
(2) Note. The mechanical stretching may be accomplished by
internal or external contact.
(3) Note. Punching of holes in a container absent other
significant deformation is not included herein. Hole
formation by differential fluid pressure is provided for in
subclass 504.
Subclass:
533
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping is neck formation other than by closure of mold for
body of article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes in
which the neck of a container is reshaped by application of
mechanical force other than the closing of the mold for the
body of the container.
(1) Note. This subclass includes neck calibration when it
takes place as a step separate from the closing of the mold.
Subclass:
534
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping is subsequent to expansion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Processes in
which the mechanical reshaping takes place after an expansion
by differential fluid pressure.
(1) Note. Included herein are, for example, processes for
giving a container a concave bottom by deformation of a flat
or convex bottom.
Subclass:
535
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including heating of previously formed parison to blow
molding temperature:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which the cool preformed parison is reheated to a temperature
where it may be shaped by differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
536
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including removal of flash or sprue:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which subsequent to deformation caused by differential fluid
pressure flash or sprue is removed or part of the molded
article is cutaway to form an aperture or two articles are
separated by severing.
(1) Note. The severing or removal of flash or sprue may be
by the application of differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
537
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including injection forming of parison or portion thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which the parison has at least a portion thereof formed by
application of pressure which forces material into a closed
mold cavity under pressure.
Subclass:
538
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Arcuate or rotary movement of parison or workpiece from one
work station to another:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Processes in
which the parison or workpiece is caused to move in a manner
so as to describe or approximate the arc of a circle from one
work station to another.
(1) Note. A workpiece is parison which has been worked on
in some manner, e.g., blown, sealed, etc.
Subclass:
539
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 537. Processes in
which material is shaped to the cross section of an orifice
by forcing it through the confining orifice.
Subclass:
540
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including extrusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Processes in
which material is shaped to the cross section of an orifice
by forcing it through the confining orifice.
Subclass:
541
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of irregular or varying cross section:
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Processes in
which the formed article is of nonuniform cross section
throughout its length, or a portion thereof, which may result
from a gradual change in transverse dimension or through
intermittent or repeated separated irregularities therein.
Subclass:
542
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With movement of parison or workpiece from one work station
to another:
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Processes in
which the parisoner workpiece is moved from one work station
to another.
(1) Note. This includes moving the mold containing the
parison from one place to another, e.g., chain mold, etc.
Subclass:
543
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Movement is arcuate or rotary:
This subclass is indented under subclass 542. Processes in
which the workpiece is caused to move in a manner so as to
describe or approximate the arc of a circle from one work
station to another.
Subclass:
544
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Starting material is nonhollow planar finite length preform
or product is finite length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which the starting material is a generally planar nonhollow
preform or the product of the process is a finite length
sheet.
(1) Note. The starting material may be cut off a continuous
or running length feed roll.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for what is generally
termed sheet shaping.
Subclass:
545
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including uniting plural shaped sheets to form hollow work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which two or more sheets are combined and shaped to form a
hollow article.
Subclass:
546
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Material shaped is a fabric, per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which the material shaped is solely a woven or nonwoven
fabric.
(1) Note. This does not include shaping of fabrics which
are a reinforcing layer in a laminate but will include the
temporary uniting of a fabric with a fluid impervious layer
for purposes of shaping.
Subclass:
547
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With distinct staged deformation by differential fluid
pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which the differential fluid pressure is applied in
sequential noncontinuous increments.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes in which a sheet
is forced in one direction and then the opposite direction by
application of differential fluid pressure.
(2) Note. A step of curing or vulcanization is not for
purposes of this subclass a shaping step.
Subclass:
548
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including heating after forcing into contact with a solid
heating means by differential fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Processes in
which the workpiece is by application of differential fluid
pressure, forced into contact with a heated surface before
further shaping.
Subclass:
549
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of male part to stretch heated preform which is
formed by a female mold which determines shape of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 547. Processes in
which a member contacts and deforms or stretches a sheet of
material in an axial direction before the application of
differential fluid pressure to force it into conformity with
a female mold which determines the shape of the workpiece.
Subclass:
550
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of male part to stretch heated preform which is
formed by a female mold which determines shape of work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which a member contacts and deforms or stretches a sheet of
material in an axial direction before the application of
differential fluid pressure to force it into conformity with
a female mold which determines the shape of the workpiece.
Subclass:
551
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneous formation of plural articles:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Processes in
which a plurality of deforming members act to deform or
stretch a plurality of sheets or a number of locations on a
single sheet.
Subclass:
552
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including curing or vulcanization:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which a thermosetting plastic is cured or rubber is
vulcanized.
Subclass:
553
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 544. Processes in
which the work is subjected to a pressure less than
atmospheric.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
87 for processes of removing a liquid through a mold surface
by vacuum.
101 for processes of treating work by use of a vacuum which
treatment does not support, shape, or sustain the work.
Subclass:
554
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of male mold part which determines the final
shape of at least a portion of the work:
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Processes in
which the work is shaped about a mold part, i.e., male mold
member.
Subclass:
555
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Production of continuous or running length:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which a continuous or running length product is produced.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclass mechanical
treatment of a continuous or running length tube as by
cutting off or slitting will not defeat placement herein.
Subclass:
556
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By casting on to a cooled roll:
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes in
which the indefinite length article is formed by depositing
fluent material on a cylindrical rotating surface and
solidifying the fluent material.
(1) Note. See subclass 212 and the notes thereunder for
related fields of search.
Subclass:
557
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including liquid contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes in
which the work is contacted with liquid.
Subclass:
558
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including internal liquid contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes
which include contacting the internal surface of the
continuous or running length with liquid.
Subclass:
559
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With downward movement of workpiece:
This subclass is indented under subclass 558. Processes in
which the workpiece is caused to travel in a downward
direction in or into a liquid bath after an initial forming
step or the workpiece is caused to travel in a downward
direction into annular liquid contact after an initial
forming step.
(1) Note. The initial forming step is typically the
extrusion of the tubular workpiece.
Subclass:
560
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With calibration, mandrel forming or with internal guide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes in
which a sizing operation follows the initial forming
operation or forming takes place with the use of an internal
forming or supporting member.
Subclass:
561
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Contact with liquid coagulant or reactive liquid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes in
which a fluent or solid material is contacted with a liquid
which causes a chemical reaction to take place.
(1) Note. A plasticizer in the absence of a clear showing
to the contrary is presumed to be nonreactive.
Subclass:
562
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With immersion in liquid bath:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Processes in
which the continuous or running length is submerged in a pool
of liquid.
(1) Note. Included herein are annular baths.
Subclass:
563
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing a tubular product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 555. Processes in
which the continuous or running length product formed is
hollow.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for supporting or
sustaining a tubular article.
Subclass:
564
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including deformation by application of fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Processes in
which the tubular product is shaped or deformed by the
application of differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
565
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With internal gas bearing or mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Processes in
which the tubular product is internally shaped or supported
by an internal solid member or by gas issuing from a solid
internal member.
Subclass:
566
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With application of external pressure or vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Processes in
which the tubular product is shaped by the application of a
positive or negative differential pressure to its exterior
surface.
(1) Note. This subclass includes application of positive
physical pressure by means of a mechanical device in contact
with the work.
Subclass:
567
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With reheating of work (e.g., tempering, annealing, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes in
which a hollow article is reheated before the application of
differential fluid pressure.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tempering or annealing of
a hollow continuous or running length article before
blowing.
Subclass:
568
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes in
which the work is subjected to a pressure less than
atmospheric.
(1) Note. Vacuum as used in this subclass does not include
blowing air across the surface of a tubular product and thus
producing a negative pressure by a venturi effect.
Subclass:
569
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including annular fluid contact:
This subclass is indented under subclass 566. Processes in
which fluid is applied externally in a band around the
circumference of a tubular product which band is of much
shorter length than the tubular article.
Subclass:
570
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including hydrostatic or liquid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which differential fluid pressure is applied to work by a
liquid.
(1) Note. This subclass includes hydrostatic extrusion.
Subclass:
571
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including use of vacuum:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which the work is subjected to a pressure less than
atmospheric.
Subclass:
572
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With internal application of fluid pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Processes in
which fluid pressure is applied to the interior of hollow
work or a hollow article.
Subclass:
573
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
To finite length tubular product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Processes in
which the hollow work or article is cylindrical and of finite
length.
Subclass:
574
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
To form generally spherical product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Processes in
which the hollow work or article is generally spherical.
Subclass:
600
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
HEAT POLISHING (E.G., GLAZING, ETC.) OF INORGANIC ARTICLE
SURFACE OUTSIDE OF MOLD:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for producing inorganic article by firing outside
of the mold at temperatures sufficiently high to cause only a
surface of the article to become melt smoothed or melt
rounded without substantial loss of original self-sustaining
shape of the overall article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for processes of spheroidizing or rounding solid
particle.
129 Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating
combinations.
332 for fusing or melting inorganic materials, per se, in a
mold or employing a mold.
609 for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural blocks, tiles, or bricks
(e.g., stacking, utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering,
vitrifying, or drying.
680 for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing
outside the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes
under the class definition which include glass fusing or
vitrifying.
427, Coating Processes, for processes including the
combination of (a) firing and coating, or (b) nominal
molding, significant coating, and firing; regardless of the
sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations of
(a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
molding and nominal coating are classified in Class 264;
regardless of the sequence of the respective steps.
Subclass:
601
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of clay containing block, tile, or brick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process
wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment are, often
hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks of
material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is
composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired) identified
as a block, tile, or brick.
(1) Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere
use of block, tile, or brick without indicated composition
will be considered proper for this subclass, even if not
disclosed to contain clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
609 for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural blocks, tiles, or bricks
(e.g., stacking, utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering,
vitrifying, or drying.
644 for process of shaping or treating multilayered or
composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering,
vitrifying, or firing outside the mold.
Subclass:
602
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With coating outside of mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 600. Process
wherein there is a combination of significant shaping and
coating of the shaped preform outside of the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating
combinations.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, for processes including the
combination of (a) firing and coating, or (b) nominal
molding, significant coating, and firing; regardless of the
sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations of
(a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
molding and nominal coating are classified in Class 264;
regardless of the sequence of the respective steps.
(1) Note. When sintering or firing of a coated or
impregnated fibrous shaped material results in decomposition
of the fibrous material and production of a noncoated or
nonimpregnated shaped product, the process will be considered
proper for Class 264.
Subclass:
603
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
OUTSIDE OF MOLD SINTERING OR VITRIFYING OF SHAPED INORGANIC
ARTICLE OR PREFORM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for producing or treating inorganic shaped articles
in which a self-sustaining shaped article or preform
comprising inorganic materials or precursors thereof are
fired outside of the mold at temperatures sufficiently high
to cause said article or preform to become sintered or
vitrified without substantial loss of original
self-sustaining shape due to sagging or gravity.
(1) Note. Vitrification is a densification of inorganic
ceramic material that results from firing at sufficient
temperature to produce a progressive fusion of particles
through the assistance of a viscous liquid silaceous-like
bonding phase into a body having dense glass-like
characteristics (e.g., hardness, brittleness, smoothness,
etc.). As vitrification progresses, the proportion of
glassy-like bond formed increases and apparent porosity of
the substance decreases without appreciable slumping or
sagging. Sintering is the coalescence of parts through solid
state diffusion into a densified solid mass through heating,
generally with fusion limited to only surface layer of each
particle, such that some particulate identity remains. The
partial melting or vitrification of inorganic materials in
the mold is provided for in various subclasses below, such as
subclasses 109+ or 332+.
(2) Note. The terms baking, burning, calcining, or firing
recited in a patent is considered to read on either sintering
or vitrifying and is included herein, unless disclosed as
being for some other purpose or at a clearly too low or
inadequate temperature to accomplish sintering or vitrifying.
Baking, burning, calcining, or firing outside the mold of
shaped articles to decompose binder or organometallic
precursors is included hereinunder if other criteria of this
subclass definition are met. However, baking, burning,
calcining, or firing, (a) to render a mass friable, (b) at a
temperature only sufficient to drive out the moisture
content, or (c) to volatilize organic material without
decomposition would be excluded from subclasses 603+.
(3) Note. Articles formed by accretion from bulk having
embedded therein a form to be removed during or after firing
are considered to be self-sustaining bodies for the purpose
of this subclass.
(4) Note. Hot isostatic pressing (i.e., HIP) relates to
application of an equalized fluid pressure to all external
sides or surfaces of an article. This is usually performed
outside of a mold in a gaseous atmosphere at substantially
elevated temperatures and pressures. Lacking an indication
to the contrary, hot isostatic pressing per se of an article
or preform will therefore be assumed to occur outside of a
mold at a temperature sufficiently high to be proper for this
subclass. Shaping by applying hot isostatic fluid pressure to
a preform using surrounding liquid (e.g., molten glass
coating, melted tin, etc.) or fluid pressure-transmitting
deformable sheath (e.g., metal foil, etc.) will be considered
to be outside a mold for purposes of this subclass. However,
so-called "pseudoisostatic pressing" with loose particulate
between solid pressing surfaces and preform will not be
considered proper for this subclass.
(5) Note. See Lines With Other Classes, "Lines With the
Chemical Classes" (8) of the class definition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
0.5 for shaping or treating of radioactive materials (e.g.,
sintering uranium oxide rods, etc.).
15 for processes of spheroidizing or rounding of solid
particles.
16 for shaping ceramic dental type articles.
29.1 for processes which include a step of carbonizing by a
firing operation which produces a product containing
elemental carbon therein.
30 for processes of furnace lining or repair which may
include a firing operation.
43 for processes of forming pores in inorganic materials
during vitrification or firing.
125 for sintering or heat fusion of particles to
autogenously bond while in a mold (e.g., hipping, etc.)
234 for applied temperature change out of mold.
332 for fusing or melting inorganic materials, per se, in a
mold or employing a mold and see (5) Note above.
333 for shaping inorganic settable hydraulic compositions
under heat or pressure and see (5) Note above.
345 for treating shaped or solid articles by a temperature
change.
405 for processes of firing, sintering, or vitrifying
wherein wave energy or electric current is involved.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for processes
under the class definition which include glass fusing or
vitrifying. A process directed to (a) heating a material
within the scope of Class 65 to the molten state and forming
a shaped preform therefrom, or (b) bulk depositing glass
fibers into a mold surface and thereafter fusing the fibers
to each other is classified in Class 65. See the definitions
of Class 65, section III B, with particular reference to the
line with this class 264 for processes. See also the search
notes to Class 65, subclass 17.3, 376, and 454; and see the
class definitions in this class 264 for further delineation
of the line with Class 65.
(1) Note. With regard to glass particle uniting, a
recitation of placing of glass particles (i.e., other than
glass fibers or mineral wool) in their final position in a
mold, followed by autogenous uniting or sintering outside the
mold in the configuration or shape imparted by said mold,
will be classified in this Class 264; whether or not said
particles are disclosed to maintain their individual
identities to any degree. Class 264 takes processes directed
to (a) shaping a mass of green siliceous material and
subsequently firing or curing the material to set the
material or (b) placing discrete siliceous particles (i.e.,
other than glass fibers or mineral wool) onto a mold surface
which particles are heated on or subsequent to contact with
the surface to fuse the particles to each other.
(2) Note. Using a glass in a molten state as a fluid
pressure transmitting media in hot isostatic pressing of
shaped articles is acceptable in Class 264, if the glass is
subsequently removed and is not part of the final pressed
product.
75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions For Use
Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions etc.,
particularly 751 for processes of heat treating (e.g.,
calcinating, fusing, indurating, roasting, sintering,
vaporizing, etc.) to preparing consolidated shaped
metalliferous charges (e.g., ore, tailings, flue dust,
fluxes, etc.) or metalliferous treating agents amenable to
Class 75 or Class 420 refining or alloying operation.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
89.11 for vitrification or firing of a ceramic material when
combined with a laminating step joining preforms.
419, Powder Metallurgy Processes, 10 for processes of making
articles from particulate material containing a metal and
nonmetal involving pressure and heat (e.g., sintering,
etc.).
(1) Note. Combined operations involving sintering
particulate metal and particulate ceramic is proper for Class
419.
(2) Note. If, after Class 419 consolidation of metal
particles, subsequent processing eliminates completely all
free metal from the consolidated shaped particulate free
metal by total conversion thereof to a metal compound or
composition (e.g., metal oxide, metal nitride, etc.) as a
result of firing or sintering outside of the mold under
reactive conditions, placement is to be considered proper in
this section of Class 264.
427, Coating Processes, for processes including the
combination of (a) firing and coating, or (b) nominal
molding, significant coating, and firing; regardless of the
sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations of
(a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
shaping and nominal coating are classified in Class
264;regardless of the sequence of the respective steps. See
this class subclass 129, Note (1), for a discussion of
shaping and coating combinations.
(1) Note. When sintering or firing of a coated or
impregnated fibrous material results in decomposition of the
fibrous material which acts as a shaping surface and
production of a noncoated or nonimpregnated shaped product,
the process will be considered proper for Class 264.
432, Heating, subclass 6 for a residual heating process
including a step of stacking or aligning the objects to be
heated and subclasses 258+ for means for supporting ceramic
work during heating; (i.e., kiln furniture).
501, Compositions: Ceramic, appropriate subclass for ceramic
compositions, per se, and processes of preparing such
compositions.
(1) Note. When nominal molding of a Class 501 composition
is involved, placement in Class 501 is proper if limited to
the conditions set forth in any one of the following
situations: (a) No conditions are specified. (b) Firing for a
specified time at a specified temperature (e.g., firing for
10 minutes at 1000 deg.F, etc.). (c) Blending or mixing of
ingredients of said composition during or prior to the
molding step and a chemical reaction present.
(2) Note. When molding of a Class 501 composition is
involved, Class 264 is proper if any one of the following
situations are present: (a) Significant molding. (b) Nominal
molding and specifying firing or sintering temperature
without specifying time of heating. (c) Nominal molding and
raising to specified temperature in a specified time (e.g.,
raising to 1000 deg. F in 10 minutes, etc.). (d) Nominal
molding and plural heating steps during or after molding
(e.g., ramping in stages, etc.). (e) Nominal molding, firing
and controlled cooling. (f) Nominal molding and specifying
pressure. (g) Nominal molding and blending or mixing ceramic
with a temporary binder and firing which decomposes the
binder.
(3) Note. When there is any doubt concerning placement
between Class 501 and Class 264 concerning nominal molding,
resulting from variations not addressed by the above notes
(1) or (2), original placement will go to Class 264 with a
mandatory cross-reference to Class 501.
(4) Note. When there is (a) a process claim present that is
proper for Class 264 and (b) a product claim classifiable as
Class 501 composition expressed in terms of starting
material, placement of original goes to Class 264. However,
when there is (a) a process claim present that is proper for
Class 264 and (b) a product claim classifiable as a Class 501
composition expressed in terms of a final processed state
(e.g., "sintered" composition, etc.), placement of original
goes to Class 501.
588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, 252
for the use of vitrification in the treatment of hazardous
or toxic waste for purposes of containment.
Subclass:
604
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Applying hot isostatic fluid pressure to preform using
surrounding liquid (e.g., molten glass, melted tin, etc.) or
fluid pressure-transmitting deformable sheath (e.g., metal
foil, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the shaped article or preform is subjected to (a) hot
isostatic pressing by uniformly applying fluid pressure
thereto through a encompassing liquid (e.g., molten glass,
melted tin, etc.), or (b) hot isostatic fluid pressing
through an encompassing transitory plastic or deformable
sheath which transmits the compressing force isostatically to
consolidate the preform without the direct contact of the
fluid.
(1) Note. Since particulate material is not an article or
preform, consolidating of loose particulate by fluid pressure
while encased in a transitory plastic or deformable sheath
will be considered a molding step classifiable elsewhere in
this class, such as in subclasses 500+.
Subclass:
605
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging, or
conveying of plural articles or plural preforms (e.g.,
stacking, utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering,
vitrifying, or drying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Processes
wherein multiple articles or preforms are placed or aligned
in a particular manner or are in a particular motion other
than mere conveying during sintering, vitrifying, or drying.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
671 for particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging or conveying of single article or single preform
during firing (e.g., utilizing spacer, etc.)
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 789 for
processes of arranging articles, per se, for sintering.
Subclass:
606
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
In a tunnel or channel kiln:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Processes
wherein an elongated essentially horizontal furnace is
utilized.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 for sintering or vitrifying of a single article or
preform in tunnel or channel kiln.
Subclass:
607
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing removable setter or spacing means:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process
wherein a temporary support is utilized for holding plural
articles or plural preforms within a furnace or heating means
during heat treatment.
Subclass:
608
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing spacing means between stacked articles while
heating outside of mold:
This subclass is indented under subclass 607. Process
wherein, during a heating step outside a mold, two or more
articles are arranged one above the other with an intervening
separating means therebetween.
Subclass:
609
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of clay containing block, tile, or brick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 605. Process
wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment are
hand-sized, usually rectangular, or square building block of
material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is
composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired) identified
as a block, tile, or brick.
(1) Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere
use of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for
this subclass, whether or not disclosed to contain clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
601 for heat polishing or glazing of clay containing block,
tile, or brick.
644 for process of shaping or treating multilayered or
composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering,
vitrifying, or firing outside the mold.
680 for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing
outside the mold.
Subclass:
610
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or melting of embedded
element or core to form nonrandom void:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a specifically located embedded shaping element or
core is concurrently decomposed or liquified to provide a
nonrandom empty region or hole in an article or preform
during sintering or vitrifying of an article or preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for in situ processes of internally forming pores or
voids in an article or material by occluding or incorporating
void forming or void producing elements or ingredients
randomly throughout the plastic forming material.
(1) Note. A binder will not be considered a void forming or
void producing element or ingredient.
Subclass:
611
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of magnetic (e.g., ferrite, etc.) article or component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the article or preform undergoing shaping or
treatment contains a magnetic material.
Subclass:
612
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using organic binder or organometallic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Process
wherein the magnetic article or preform undergoing shaping or
treatment includes either (a) an organic material that serves
to hold material together in a temporary or green shape, or
(b) a compound of metal and an organic material as a
transitional precursor to the final product.
(1) Note. Normally, organic or organometallic compounds will
decompose before fusing or sintering occurs. Thus, the mere
indication of decomposition thereof will not make placement
proper under 603, unless the other criteria for Class 264
sintering, vitrifying, or partial fusion is present.
Subclass:
613
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specifying atmosphere other than air (e.g., oxidizing, inert,
10% Oxygen, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Process
wherein the composition or chemical characteristic of the
gaseous environment is identified and is not air.
Subclass:
614
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of electrical article or electrical component (i.e., not
insulator, per se):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the article or preform undergoing shaping or
treatment is an electrical device or an electrical component
utilized for conducting or controlling electrical current as
part of an electrical device.
(1) Note. An electrical insulator, per se, will not be
considered proper for this subclass.
Subclass:
615
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Capacitor (e.g., condenser, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process
wherein the electrical article or component produced is a
device consisting of two conducting surfaces separated by an
insulating material (e.g., air, glass, etc.) and which device
is used to store electrical energy or to release stored
electrical energy dependent upon the potential difference
between the separated conducting surfaces, thus producing a
discharge therebetween to temporarily complete a circuit.
Subclass:
616
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Resistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process
wherein the electrical article or component produced is made
of a material that has a specified opposition to the flow of
electrical current and is intended to be used to control the
amount of electrical current in a circuit.
Subclass:
617
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Varistor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 616. Process
wherein the resistor varies in resistance depending on the
amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit.
Subclass:
618
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Ceramic containing electrode, or coil; electrode, or coil
having ceramic portion; or shaped electrolyte body:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process
wherein the electrical article or component produced is an
electrode or coil having at least part of the electrode
structure adjacent to or composed of ceramic material or
shaped solid electrolyte.
Subclass:
619
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having patterned metal electrical conductor other than
electrode (e.g., printed circuit, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process
wherein the electrical article or component produced includes
a configured electrically conductive metal element or
connection, other than an electrode, that is embedded within
or applied thereon.
Subclass:
620
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having plural heating steps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Process
wherein the process of producing the electrical article or
component has multiple heating steps.
Subclass:
621
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing sol or gel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein either (a) a liquid colloidal suspension, or (b) a
colloid in which the disperse phase has combined with the
continuous phase to produce a viscous, jelly-like material,
is utilized at any stage.
Subclass:
622
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Unconfined drawing or extending of plastic mass to form
article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Process
wherein the article is formed by the free and unconfined
pulling out of a plastic mass.
(1) Note. The surface configuration of the article formed is
imparted solely by the extension and not by coaction of the
plastic mass with a shape imparting mold surface.
(2) Note. Kneading or mulling operations, per se, (e.g.,
taffy pulling type, etc.) are not included herein since a
shaped article is not produced. See subclass 349 and the
notes thereto for such subject matter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
164 for nonsintering process of unconfined drawing or
extending of a plastic mass to make an article.
165 for process of forming indefinite length work by other
than unconfined extension of a plastic mass.
288.4 and 291+, for processes relating to stretching, per
se, of a previously shaped article.
349 for kneading or mulling operations and see (2) Note
above.
Subclass:
623
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping by extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 621. Process
wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply of article
forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176.1 for processes of shaping by extrusion that do not
involve sintering of the formed article outside of a mold.
634 for shaping by extrusion of nonsol or nongel materials
followed by sintering outside the mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 376.1 for an extrusion shaping machine for
nonmetals; see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
624
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using organometallic or organosilicon intermediate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process in
which a compound of metal and an organic material, or silicon
and an organic material is the transitional precursor to the
final shaped product.
(1) Note. Normally, organometallic or organosilicon
compounds will decompose before fusing or sintering occurs.
Thus, the mere indication of decomposition thereof will not
make placement proper under 603, unless the other criteria of
Class 264 sintering, vitrifying, or partial fusion is
present.
Subclass:
625
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming carbide or carbonitride containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process
wherein a product containing a binary compound of carbon and
metal or silicon (e.g., metal carbide, silicon carbide, etc.)
or tertiary compound of carbon, nitrogen, and metal or
silicon (e.g., metal carbonitride, silicon carbonitride, iron
nitrocarbide, etc.) is produced.
Subclass:
626
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nitride or oxynitride containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process
wherein a product containing a binary compound of nitrogen
and metal or silicon (e.g., metal nitride, silicon nitride,
etc.) or tertiary compound of nitrogen, oxygen, and metal or
silicon (e.g., metal oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.) is
produced.
Subclass:
627
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 624. Process
wherein a relatively small, slender discrete mass having
length considerably greater than its breadth (i.e.,
cross-sectional diameter) is produced.
Subclass:
628
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing microporous article (e.g., filter, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process for
treating an article expressed or claimed as having small open
or interconnected randomly distributed microvoids or
producing an article expressed or claimed as having small
open or interconnected randomly distributed microvoids by
uniting particulate material.
(1) Note. Impregnating a porous preform (e.g., sponge,
etc.) with inorganic material followed by sintering outside
of the mold to cause formation of a porous inorganic body
while decomposing the preform which acts as a shaping surface
is proper under this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for in situ processes of internally forming pores or
voids in an article or material by intentionally occluding or
incorporating void forming or void producing elements or
ingredients randomly throughout the plastic forming
material.
(1) Note. Thus, incorporating particulate organic material
in an inorganic forming material with subsequent burning
decomposition of the particulate organic material to form
random pores in an inorganic product would be proper under
subclass 44, hereinabove.
317 for processes generally which involves the destruction
of material which may leave a space or void.
321 for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
Subclass:
629
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing article having plural hollow channels:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the article produced has plural hollow
macrostructural channels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or melting of
embedded element or core to form nonrandom void.
Subclass:
630
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing honeycomb shape:
This subclass is indented under subclass 629. Process
wherein the article produced has a continuous parallel
orderly series of open or empty, usually hexagonal,
interconnected macrostructural cells which resemble a natural
honeycomb.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
41 for in situ processes of internally forming pores or
voids in an article or material by occluding or incorporating
void forming or void producing elements or ingredients
randomly throughout the plastic forming material.
Subclass:
631
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From cordierite (i.e., 2MgO.2Al[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end subscrpt].5SiO[subscrpt]2[end
subscrpt], iolite):
This subclass is indented under subclass 630. Process
wherein the honeycomb structure is produced from cordierite
(i.e., 2MgO.2Al[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt]O[subscrpt]3[end
subscrpt].5SiO[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], iolite).
Subclass:
632
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing hollow article (e.g., tube, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the article produced has an empty indention or inward
curve (e.g., tube, etc.).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or melting of
embedded element or core to form nonrandom void.
Subclass:
633
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing bowl-like article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process
wherein a hollow concave nontubular, bowl-like article (e.g.,
hemispherical, etc.) is produced.
Subclass:
634
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping by Extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process
wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply of article
forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
638 for shaping nonhollow bodies by extrusion (e.g.,
spinning, etc.).
Subclass:
635
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing core mandrel:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process
wherein a shaping means serves as a center around which
material is formed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
610 for processes of simultaneously burning, vaporizing, or
melting of embedded core to form a nonrandom void.
Subclass:
636
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Casting suspension of particles against forming surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 632. Process
wherein a dispersion of particles in a liquid vehicle are
placed in or on a shaping surface and the liquid vehicle
removed to produce a shaped article or preform.
Subclass:
637
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removal of liquid component or carrier through porous or
absorbent mold surface:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Process
wherein a liquid component or liquid vehicle for a moldable
material is removed or separated from the material through a
foamlike or absorbent shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
651 for removal of liquid component or carrier through
porous or absorbent mold surface (e.g., slip casting, etc.)
to form nonhollow articles.
Subclass:
638
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping by extrusion (e.g., spinning, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein an article is formed by forcing a supply of article
forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
176.1 for processes of shaping by extrusion that do not
involve sintering of the formed article outside of a mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, 376.1 for an extrusion shaping machine for
nonmetals; see the search notes thereunder.
Subclass:
639
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of indefinite length product (e.g., sheet, tape, rod, fiber,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Process
wherein a continuous, running or indefinite length body is
formed by an uninterrupted molding step.
(1) Note. The final article produced need not be of
indefinite length, as for example, wherein the continuous,
running or indefinite length body is cut into predetermined
length pieces.
(2) Note. Extrusion is generally assumed to produce an
indefinite length product unless otherwise indicated.
Subclass:
640
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing fiber containing article or fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein (a) an article is formed which contains a relatively
small slender discrete mass having length considerably
greater than its breadth (i.e., cross-sectional diameter), or
(b) producing a relatively small slender discrete mass having
length considerably greater than breadth or cross-sectional
diameter are produced.
Subclass:
641
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing uniformly dispersed particulate fiber containing
article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 640. Process
wherein the article formed contains uniformly distributed
relatively small, slender discrete particles having length
considerably greater than its breadth or cross-sectional
diameter.
Subclass:
642
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping or treating of multilayered, impregnated, or
composite-structured article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process which
includes forming or treating of an article or preform having
plural layers, forming an infused or permeated article, or
having mechanically engaged macrostructural portions.
Subclass:
643
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Shaping followed by article coating or impregnating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Process
wherein, subsequent to a shaping operation, the shaped
article is coated or impregnated by applying material
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
129 for nonsintering or vitrifying processes that combine
shaping with printing or coating of a workpiece outside the
mold.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, for processes including the
combination of (a) firing and coating, or (b) nominal
molding, significant coating, and firing; regardless of the
sequence of the respective steps. However, combinations of
(a) significant molding, firing, and coating, or (b) nominal
shaping and nominal coating are classified in Class 264;
regardless of the sequence of the respective steps.
Subclass:
644
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Clay containing block, tile, or brick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 642. Process
wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment are, often
hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks of
material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is
composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired) identified
as a block, tile, or brick.
(1) Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere
use of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for
this subclass, whether or not disclosed to contain clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
601 for heat polishing or glazing Of clay containing block,
tile, or brick.
609 for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of polural clay containing blocks,
tiles, or bricks.
680 for process of otherwise shaping or treating block,
tile, or brick combined with sintering, vitrifying, or firing
outside the mold.
Subclass:
645
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Introducing material under pressure into mold (e.g.,
injection molding, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein material under pressure from a source removed from a
closed mold cavity is forced into a closed mold cavity and
assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
321.1 for injection molding without sintering or
vitrifying.
537 for injection molding of a hollow blank portion prior to
pneumatic pressure application to the inside.
Subclass:
646
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing chemically reactive atmosphere other than air, per
se, during sintering to convert precursor to ceramic
material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a solid precursor material chemically reacts with a
gaseous agent, other than air, surrounding the precursor to
form a new ceramic composition.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
81 for reactive gas or vapor treatment of work.
85 for utilizing special inert gaseous atmosphere.
664 for specifying nonreactive heating atmosphere.
674 for utilizing specified composition of heating
nonreactive atmosphere other than air.
Subclass:
647
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process
wherein the reactive gaseous agent is nitrogen.
Subclass:
648
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Using oxygen enriched gas or oxidizing atmosphere (i.e.,
other than air, per se):
This subclass is indented under subclass 646. Process
wherein the reactive agent is identified as an oxygen
enriched gas or an oxidizing gas (i.e., other than air, per
se.).
Subclass:
649
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing exothermic reaction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein, during any stage in the process, materials are
brought into contact with each other or with a suitable
outside agent, to produce a chemical reaction that generates
more heat than is required to initiate reaction.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, for exothermic
compositions.
Subclass:
650
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Casting of film (e.g., sheet, tape, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a coating of material is applied to a flat or nearly
flat shaping surface and subsequently removed therefrom.
Subclass:
651
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Removal of liquid component or carrier through porous or
absorbent mold surface (e.g., slip casting, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a liquid component or liquid vehicle for a moldable
material is removed or separated from the material through a
foamlike or absorbent shaping surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
637 for forming hollow article by removal of liquid
component or carrier through porous or absorbent mold
surface.
Subclass:
652
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Sintering or vitrifying in a tunnel or channel kiln:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein an elongated, essentially horizontal, furnace heating
means is used to sinter, or vitrify the article or preform.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
606 for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of plural articles or plural preforms
in a tunnel or channel kiln.
Subclass:
653
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including plural heating steps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein there are multiple steps or stages of heating.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are processes in which
(a) the temperature is varied over a given time span, (b) the
preform is subjected to two or more distinct heating steps,
(c) the product is cooled under controlled conditions, or (d)
a portion of the product is heated or cooled at a different
rate than other portions.
Subclass:
654
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including diverse heating of article prior to outside-mold
sintering or vitrifying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Process which
includes at least one nonsintering or nonvitrifying heating
step that precedes sintering or vitrifying of the article
outside of a mold.
Subclass:
655
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With article cutting, punching, or grinding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Process which
includes a step of cutting, punching, or grinding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
678 for article cutting, punching, or grinding that does not
involve diverse heating of material or article
Subclass:
656
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including nonsintering burn-off, volatilization, or melting
of binder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Process
wherein a binder is removed during a nonsintering application
of heat and wherein the binder is removed by burn-off,
volatilization, or melting.
Subclass:
657
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of synthetic resin binder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 656. Process
wherein the binder is identified as a synthetic organic
polymer.
Subclass:
658
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including reaction of precursor to form new inorganic
compound or composition:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Process
wherein decomposition or combination of original material to
form a new compound or composition occurs.
Subclass:
659
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Forming nitride or oxynitride containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 658. Process
wherein a product containing a binary compound of nitrogen
and metal or silicon (e.g., metal nitride, silicon nitride,
etc.) or tertiary compound of nitrogen, oxygen, and metal or
silicon (e.g., metal oxynitride, silicon oxynitride, etc.) is
produced.
Subclass:
660
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With drying of shaped article or preform using nonsintering
heat:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Process
wherein a liquid solvent or carrier is removed from the
article or preform by heating in a step distinct from
sintering, fusing, or vitrifying.
Subclass:
661
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With drying, calcining, or sintering of non-shaped
particulate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Process which
includes heating of nonshaped loose particular material
outside of a mold for purpose of drying, calcining, or
sintering.
Subclass:
662
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including diverse heating of article subsequent to
sintering:
This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Process which
includes at least one nonsintering heating step that follows
a sintering or firing step.
Subclass:
663
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Subsequent hot pressing (i.e., press molding or by gas
pressure):
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Process
wherein the subsequent heating is a step of hot mechanical
pressing or application of a hot gas pressure greater than
ambient pressure and temperature.
Subclass:
664
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Specified temperature or pressure for hot pressing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 663. Process
wherein a numeric value of either (a) temperature for
pressing, or (b) mold surface pressing pressure or applied
gas pressure greater than atmospheric pressure are stated in
the claim.
Subclass:
665
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Silicon nitride containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Process
wherein a silicon nitride compound containing material is
produced or treated.
Subclass:
666
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Plural sintering steps having specified temperature (e.g.,
presintering, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 653. Process which
has plural sintering steps at least one of which occurs at a
specified temperature.
Subclass:
667
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Including specified molding pressure or controlling of
molding pressure (e.g., cold isostatic pressing, hydrostatic
pressure, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a numeric pressure for molding is claimed or wherein
there is a step of controlling molding pressure.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40.3 for processes of controlling fluid pressure in direct
contact with molding material which include a step of
sampling, audibly or chemically testing or inspecting, or
otherwise physically or mechanically determining some
variable condition in a shaped article, molding material, the
mold or shaping surface.
Subclass:
668
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing metal nitride or silicon nitride containing
product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 667. Process
wherein a binary compound of nitrogen and metal or silicon
(i.e., metal nitride, or silicon nitride) is produced.
Subclass:
669
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing binder to add green strength to preform:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a, usually organic, material is utilized to join
particulate into a cohering self-sustaining preform capable
of maintaining shape without disintegration.
(1) Note. During sintering, the shape of this temporary
preform (i.e., green body) is retained due to particle-to-
particle surface bonding, while organic binder is
simultaneously removed by volatilization or decomposition.
Subclass:
670
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of synthetic resin binder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 669. Process
wherein the binder is a synthetic organic polymer.
Subclass:
671
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging or
conveying of single article or preform (e.g., utilizing
spacer, etc.) during sintering, vitrifying, or drying:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein an article or preform is placed or aligned in a
particular manner or is in a particular motion other than
mere conveying during sintering, vitrifying, or drying.
(1) Note. To be placed herein a patent must disclose a
particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging or
conveying. Nominal recitation of these steps is not
considered to be significant for purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
605 Particular or specific manner of positioning, arranging,
or conveying of plural articles or plural preforms (e.g.,
stacking, utilizing spacer, etc.) during sintering,
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
414, Material or Article Handling, subclass 789 for
processes of arranging articles, per se, for sintering.
Subclass:
672
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
To control or compensate shrinkage:
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Process
wherein an expressed purpose for positioning, arranging or
conveying includes regulating contraction or uneven
contraction of the article or preform during a heating or
cooling operation.
Subclass:
673
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Utilizing particulate or sintered particulate packing, or
support:
This subclass is indented under subclass 671. Process
wherein a particulate material is utilized to support, or
partially or fully surround a shaped article or preform
during sintering, vitrifying, or drying.
Subclass:
674
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Involving specified composition of heating atmosphere other
than air:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the constitution of gaseous environment utilized
during a heating step is specified, excluding the inherent
composition of natural air.
(1) Note. Merely, specifying that the heating step takes
place in air or under atmospheric conditions will not be
sufficient for placement under this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
646 Utilizing chemically reactive atmosphere other than air
during sintering to convert precursor to ceramic material.
Subclass:
675
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing water vapor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Process
wherein the gaseous composition contains water vapor,
excluding that water vapor which would be naturally present
in air.
Subclass:
676
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Containing nitrogen gas, noble gas, or inert gas per se:
This subclass is indented under subclass 674. Process
wherein a gaseous composition contains either nitrogen, a
noble gas, or a gaseous environment identified solely as
being inert; excluding nitrogen gas, noble gas, or inert gas
which would naturally be present in air.
Subclass:
677
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Controlling or directing flow of heated gas or exhaust within
heating chamber (e.g., sintering furnace, drying chamber,
etc.) or against article:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein the circulation of heated gas, or expelled gas from a
heating chamber (e.g., sintering furnace, drying chamber,
etc.) or against an article is regulated.
Subclass:
678
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
With article cutting, punching, or grinding:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a step of severing, puncturing, or abrading of an
article or preform occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138 for nonsintering or vitrifying processes of this class
with severing, removing material from preform mechanically,
or mechanically subdividing of workpiece.
Subclass:
679
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Of clay containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein an article or preform undergoing shaping or treatment
is a material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that
is composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired).
Subclass:
680
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Clay containing block, tile, or brick:
This subclass is indented under subclass 679. Process
wherein articles or preforms undergoing treatment are, often
hand-sized, usually rectangular or square, building blocks of
material containing clay (i.e., an earthy material that is
composed of hydrous aluminum silicates and other materials
that are plastic when moist and hard when fired) identified
as a block, tile, or brick.
(1) Note. Lacking an indication to the contrary, the mere
use of block, tile, or brick will be considered proper for
this subclass, whether or not disclosed to contain clay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
601 for heat polishing or glazing of clay containing block,
tile, or brick.
609 for a particular or specific manner of positioning,
arranging, or conveying of polural clay containing blocks,
tiles, or bricks.
644 for process of shaping or treating multi-layered or
composite block, tile, or brick combined with sintering,
vitrifying, or firing outside the mold.
Subclass:
681
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing metal oxide containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein an article or preform undergoing shaping or treatment
is a material containing a metal oxide.
Subclass:
682
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing silicon carbide containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a product containing a binary compound of carbon and
silicon is produced.
Subclass:
683
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Producing silicon nitride containing product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 603. Process
wherein a product containing a binary compound of nitrogen
and silicon is produced.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
Subclass:
900
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO SHAPE,
RESHAPE (I.E., DISTORT), OR SUSTAIN AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND
HEAT-SETTING (I.E., CRYSTALLIZING OF STRETCHED OR MOLECULARLY
ORIENTED PORTION) THEREOF:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) elongation or molecular alignment of at
least a portion of a workpiece occurs when positive or
negative fluid pressure differential is applied through a
medium of liquid or gas in direct contact with the workpiece,
and the elongated or aligned portion of the workpiece is
heated to stabilize the shape thereof by crystallizing; or
(b) the shape of a previously elongated or molecularly
oriented workpiece is maintained by application of a positive
or negative fluid pressure differential while the workpiece
is heated to stabilize the shape thereof by crystallizing.
(1) Note. In this subclass, crystallizing refers to the
establishment of a long range order within the polymeric mass
wherein intermolecular attractions (e.g., hydrogen bonding,
Van der Vaal forces, etc.) stabilize the polymeric chains
into a regular lattice often typified by a characteristic
X-ray diffraction pattern.
(2) Note. Heat-setting improves stabilization of
blow-molded or vacuum-formed articles against shrinkage or
deformation when in use in an elevated temperature
environment.
Subclass:
901
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heat-setting of stretched or molecularly oriented article
formed from planar preform (e.g., sheet, film, etc.):
Process under cross-reference art collection 900 wherein (a)
differential fluid pressure is used to cause stretching or
molecular orientation of at least a portion of a planar
preform, and (b) at least part of the stretched or oriented
portion is subjected to heat-setting.
Subclass:
902
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Production of continuous length:
Processes under cross-reference art collection 900 in which a
product of indefinite length is produced.
Subclass:
903
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Heat-setting and simultaneous differential heating of
stretched or molecularly oriented section of article or
preform:
Process under cross-reference art collection 900 wherein
subsequent to elongating or molecularly orienting using
differential fluid pressure, the stretched or molecularly
oriented workpiece is simultaneously heat-set and subjected
to differential heat treatment such that one section of the
stretched or oriented portion of the workpiece is subjected
to a higher temperature than another section of the stretched
or oriented portion of the workpiece.
(1) Note. If there is a heat differential between an
unoriented neck portion of an article and an oriented portion
of the same article, placement under this subclass is
improper unless there is also a heat differential within the
oriented (i.e., non-neck) portion of the article.
Subclass:
904
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Maintaining article in fixed shape during heat-setting:
Process under cross-reference art collection 900 wherein the
shape of a previously stretched or molecularly oriented
workpiece is sustained by application of a positive or
negative fluid pressure differential while the workpiece
undergoes heat-setting.
Subclass:
905
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Having plural, distinct differential fluid pressure shaping
steps:
Process under cross-reference art collection 900 in which
there are at least two separate shaping or reshaping steps
caused by application of differential fluid pressure.
Subclass:
906
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
And heat-shrinking outside of mold including subsequent
re-expanding of shrunken article using differential fluid
pressure:
Process under cross-reference art collection 904 wherein a
stretched or molecularly oriented workpiece is heated,
outside of a mold, to contract at least one dimension
thereof, thus forming a shrunken article; and thereafter
applying a differential fluid pressure to enlarge the
shrunken article.
Subclass:
907
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO SHAPE,
RESHAPE (I.E., DISTORT), OR SUSTAIN AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND
CRYSTALLIZING OF NONSTRETCHED OR MOLECULARLY UNORIENTED
PORTION THEREOF:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) a positive or negative fluid pressure
differential is applied through a medium of liquid or gas in
direct contact with a workpiece to form, reform, or sustain
the workpiece, and (b) the workpiece is treated to
crystallize only a nonelongated or molecularly unoriented
portion thereof.
(1) Note. In this subclass, crystallizing refers to the
establishment of a long range order within the polymeric mass
wherein intermolecular attractions (e.g., hydrogen bonding,
Van der Vaal forces, etc.) stabilize the polymeric chains
into a regular lattice often typified by a characteristic
X-ray diffraction pattern.
(2) Note. In this subclass, crystallizing is not limited to
use of heating or cooling. Thus, utilization of only
pressure to crystallize would be proper hereunder.
Subclass:
908
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
Crystallizing of neck portion of hollow article or hollow
preform:
Process under cross-reference art collection 907 wherein
crystallizing occurs at least in a hollow neck region of a
hollow workpiece.
Subclass:
909
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
DIRECT APPLICATION OF FLUID PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TO STRETCH
AN ARTICLE OR PREFORM AND HEAT SHRINKING OF STRETCHED ARTICLE
OR PREFORM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Cross-reference art collection directed to a process under
the ... wherein (a) elongation of a workpiece occurs when a
positive or negative fluid pressure differential is applied
through a medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with
the workpiece, and (b) the resulting elongated workpiece is
heated to contract at least one dimension thereof, thus
forming a shrunken article.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
900 for heat-setting of stretched or molecularly oriented
articles.
906 for crystallizing of a nonstretched or molecularly
unoriented portion of a workpiece.
Subclass:
910
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
SINTERING TO PRODUCE TRANSLUCENT INORGANIC ARTICLE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Cross-reference art collection for process of producing an
inorganic article which permits passage of diffused light
such that objects are not clearly seen therethrough.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1.1 for optical article shaping or treating processes
directed to forming articles capable of producing an optical
effect.
Subclass:
911
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
RECYCLING CONSUMER USED ARTICLES OR PRODUCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein reusable materials are recovered from worn
or nonvirgin consumer used articles and formed into useful
products by a molding operation.
Subclass:
912
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From toroidal shapes (e.g., resilient tires, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes,
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered is toroidal shaped (e.g., doughnut shaped).
(1) Note. A toroidal shape is comprised of a solid figure
generated when rotated about an axis lying in the same plane
therewith, but not intersecting or containing, an axis in its
own plane.
(2) Note. The majority of the art in this subclass relates
to processes for recovering useable material from worn or
damaged vehicle tires, but the subclass is not so limited.
Subclass:
913
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From fiber or filament, or fiber or filament containing
article or product (e.g., textile, cloth, fabric, carpet,
fiberboard, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes,
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered is a fiber or filament containing product or
fiber or filament, per se.
(1) Note. A fiber or filament is generally considered a
relatively slender, flexible element of macroscopic size
having a length substantially greater than its width.
Subclass:
914
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From cellulose containing articles (e.g., paper, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 912. Processes
wherein the fiber or filament containing product or fiber or
filament, per se, contains cellulose.
(1) Note. Cellulose, which is used in the manufacture of
paper, is a carbohydrate polymer of glucose residue units
found in the walls and skeletons of vegetable cells.
Subclass:
915
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From inorganic material containing articles or products
(e.g., hydro-set, cement, plaster, wire, cable, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered contains inorganic matter.
(1) Note. Inorganic material which also contains organic
material as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., is
properly classified herein.
(2) Note. Inorganic material which also contains organic
material as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., is
properly classified herein.
Subclass:
916
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From porous material containing articles (e.g., sponge, foam,
etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered contains randomly dispersed pores or voids.
Subclass:
917
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By blow molding material recycled from consumer used article
or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the material recovered from the consumer used article
is reused in a blow molding operation.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a
positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium
of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to
form or maintain a desired configuration.
Subclass:
918
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From hollow- or container-type articles (e.g., tubes,
bottles, cups, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered has an intentionally constructed non-random void
or opening therethrough or has a non-random inner or concave
surface or cavity.
Subclass:
919
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
From pipe or tube (e.g., hose, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 917. Processes
wherein the consumer used article from which useful material
is recovered is a self supporting open ended hollow conduit
(e.g., hose, etc.).
Subclass:
920
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By extruding material recycled from consumer used article or
product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the material recovered from the consumer used article
is reused in an extrusion operation.
(1) Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation
wherein an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of
the article forming material through a confining and shaping
orifice.
Subclass:
921
![[Patents]](../gifs/ps.gif)
By injection molding material recycled from consumer used
article or product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Processes
wherein the material recovered from the consumer used article
is reused in an injection molding operation.
(1) Note. Injection molding is considered an operation
wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to
force said material from a source removed from a closed mold
cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the
shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS
The definitions for FOR 100-FOR 102 below correspond to the
definitions for only the following abolished subclasses under
Class 264 from which these collections were formed: 36 - 38.
See the Foreign Art Collection schedule for specific
correspondences. {Note: The titles and definitions for
indented art collections include all the details of the
one(s) that are hierarchically superior.}
Subclass: FOR 100
Foreign art collections including processes in which a worn,
damaged, or used article is restored or repaired for reuse in
a similar capacity without altering or destroying the
over-all configuration of said article.
Subclass: FOR 101
Foreign art collections including processes in which excess,
flash, trim, rejected products or used molding materials
resulting from an intermittent or continuous process or
treating materials therefor, are recycled or reused in the
molding operation with or without purification, reclamation
or separation of the desired constituents from contaminants.
Subclass: FOR 102
Foreign art collections including processes in which the bath
contents or ingredient thereof into which article forming
material is extruded directly is reused by recycling
thereof.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000