U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
Technology Assessment and Forecast (TAF) Branch

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2000

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -


BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF GRANT

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 100 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 1999

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 100 R&D University:

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of grant )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
 
Class Class Title PRE_1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 9 1 2 2 0 5 1 4 1 2 6 3 6 6 8 7 14 21 17 23 19 17 174
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 34 18 16 6 2 2 7 3 0 4 2 2 1 4 3 4 7 9 6 7 9 3 149
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 10 0 1 2 3 4 1 3 3 7 5 4 5 5 7 6 6 8 8 22 24 13 147
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 3 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 2 3 1 1 0 28
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 2 23
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 4 5 3 23
250 Radiant Energy 6 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 2 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 21
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 3 1 20
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 3 0 20
073 Measuring and Testing 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 17
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 3 1 0 0 0 1 15
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 12
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 12
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 3 10
372 Coherent Light Generators 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 9
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 3 1 9
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 8
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 1 0 8
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 2 8
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 7
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 7
501 Compositions: Ceramic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 7
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 6
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6
427 Coating Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 6
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 6
219 Electric Heating 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 5
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 4
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
331 Oscillators 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
380 Cryptography 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 4
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
606 Surgery (instruments) 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4
029 Metal Working 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3
118 Coating Apparatus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3
148 Metal Treatment 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
252 Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
382 Image Analysis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
047 Plant Husbandry 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
071 Chemistry: Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
095 Gas Separation: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
220 Receptacles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
330 Amplifiers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
451 Abrading 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
455 Telecommunications 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
707 DP: Database and File Management, Data Structures, Or Document Processing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
002 Apparel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
062 Refrigeration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
065 Glass Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
083 Cutting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
089 Ordnance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
126 Stoves and Furnaces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
138 Pipes and Tubular Conduits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
165 Heat Exchange 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
178 Telegraphy 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
188 Brakes 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
222 Dispensing (apparatus and process) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
235 Registers (e.g., cash registers, calculators, devices for counting movements of devices, etc.) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
248 Supports (e.g., for holding articles, etc.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
256 Fences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
261 Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
280 Land Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
320 Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
322 Electricity: Single Generator Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
332 Modulators 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
338 Electrical Resistors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
340 Communications: Electrical 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
355 Photocopying 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
358 Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
366 Agitating (e.g., of articles and materials) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
370 Multiplex Communications 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
403 Joints and Connections 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
414 Material or Article Handling 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
417 Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
434 Education and Demonstration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
709 Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
717 DP: Software Development, Installation, and Management (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
ALL ALL CLASSES 130 28 26 17 13 16 17 17 11 20 27 16 45 43 57 48 48 64 62 83 87 64 939



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Last Modified: May 22, 2002