U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
Technology Assessment and Forecast (TAF) Branch

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2000

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -


BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 100 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 1999

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 100 R&D University:

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
 
Class Class Title PRE_1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 7 3 1 1 2 5 2 0 4 4 3 2 6 3 7 12 13 10 12 3 3 0 103
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 15 1 4 4 2 2 1 3 0 6 2 2 1 5 9 6 10 5 8 6 1 0 93
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 6 1 5 2 4 1 3 1 0 0 34
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 9 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 5 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 28
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 0 2 2 1 1 2 1 6 2 0 0 0 25
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 4 6 2 2 3 1 0 23
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 4 3 2 0 0 22
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 19
250 Radiant Energy 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 2 3 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 18
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 1 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 18
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 16
372 Coherent Light Generators 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 16
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 13
073 Measuring and Testing 2 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 12
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 12
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 12
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 11
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 11
119 Animal Husbandry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 8
427 Coating Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 8
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 0 8
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 5 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 7
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 7
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 5
382 Image Analysis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 4
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
331 Oscillators 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 4
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 4
606 Surgery (instruments) 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 4
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
244 Aeronautics 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
252 Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
348 Television 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
501 Compositions: Ceramic 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
047 Plant Husbandry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
056 Harvesters 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
118 Coating Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
164 Metal Founding 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
236 Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
330 Amplifiers 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
338 Electrical Resistors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
340 Communications: Electrical 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
400 Typewriting Machines 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
455 Telecommunications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
464 Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
001 ** Classification Undetermined ** 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
029 Metal Working 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
033 Geometrical Instruments 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
060 Power Plants 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
062 Refrigeration 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
081 Tools 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
137 Fluid Handling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
138 Pipes and Tubular Conduits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
148 Metal Treatment 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
160 Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
171 Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
175 Boring or Penetrating the Earth 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
198 Conveyors: Power-Driven 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
206 Special Receptacle or Package 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
241 Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
296 Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
355 Photocopying 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
370 Multiplex Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
379 Telephonic Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
414 Material or Article Handling 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
417 Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
439 Electrical Connectors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
445 Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
449 Bee Culture (propagating, raising, caring for bees) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
452 Butchering 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
507 Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
510 Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
705 DP: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
707 DP: Database and File Management, Data Structures, Or Document Processing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
ALL ALL CLASSES 77 13 11 16 21 21 16 15 22 36 31 34 42 34 57 60 67 58 47 31 6 0 715



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Last Modified: May 22, 2002