U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
Technology Assessment and Forecast (TAF) Branch

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2000

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -


BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF GRANT

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 100 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 1999

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 100 R&D University:

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of grant )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
 
Class Class Title PRE_1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 1 1 0 0 1 4 4 1 4 3 1 2 6 2 1 8 9 8 14 15 20 20 125
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 4 3 5 2 4 2 3 3 4 8 8 9 11 11 84
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 5 2 1 1 1 0 2 0 4 1 2 2 4 5 1 2 6 1 4 7 3 8 62
385 Optical Waveguides 0 0 0 0 2 4 8 4 4 15 6 2 6 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 59
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 3 0 0 0 3 1 2 2 10 7 3 3 1 4 4 3 1 3 0 2 2 4 58
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 0 5 4 6 6 4 6 3 1 2 3 50
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 7 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 3 0 4 1 4 3 6 1 3 4 48
372 Coherent Light Generators 0 0 0 0 2 1 4 4 1 4 5 3 5 0 4 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 45
073 Measuring and Testing 9 0 1 0 0 2 3 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 2 0 1 1 0 2 2 31
250 Radiant Energy 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 31
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 13 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 2 4 1 3 31
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 5 2 4 1 2 0 1 0 0 20
084 Music 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 3 3 2 2 1 0 18
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 1 1 1 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 18
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 6 0 0 0 0 3 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 18
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 3 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 15
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 1 15
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 15
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 1 2 13
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 1 2 11
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 3 1 11
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 9
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 9
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 8
382 Image Analysis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 8
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 2 8
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 7
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 7
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 7
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 7
455 Telecommunications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 7
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 7
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 6
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 6
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6
062 Refrigeration 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 5
355 Photocopying 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 5
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 5
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 5
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 4
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 4
348 Television 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 4
427 Coating Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 4
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 4
029 Metal Working 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3
347 Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 3
370 Multiplex Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3
380 Cryptography 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3
709 Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3
060 Power Plants 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
211 Supports: Racks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2
331 Oscillators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
338 Electrical Resistors 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
606 Surgery (instruments) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2
005 Beds 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
065 Glass Manufacturing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
108 Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
125 Stone Working 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
137 Fluid Handling 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
141 Fluent Material Handling, with Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
148 Metal Treatment 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
178 Telegraphy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
181 Acoustics 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
252 Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
285 Pipe Joints or Couplings 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
330 Amplifiers 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
340 Communications: Electrical 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
379 Telephonic Communications 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
414 Material or Article Handling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
417 Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
434 Education and Demonstration 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
ALL ALL CLASSES 86 11 10 4 16 36 38 33 48 54 43 36 57 42 50 62 54 55 64 79 83 103 1064



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Last Modified: May 22, 2002