U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
Technology Assessment and Forecast (TAF) Branch

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2000

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -


TECHNOLOGIES EMPHASIZED IN UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED TO
ALL U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES,
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS, 1990 AND 2000

Classes listed in order of descending activity index for 2000

( a higher activity index indicates a higher level of patenting emphasis )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
( patent ownership is determined by the first-named assignee listed on a patent )

Explanation of Data

Class Class Title Number of Patents
in 1990
Number of Patents
in 2000
Number of
University Patents
in 1990
Number of
University Patents
in 2000
University Activity Index
for 1990
University Activity Index
for 2000
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 186 556 31 106 12.742 9.727
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 930 3498 107 569 8.796 8.299
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 12 546 0 78 0.000 7.288
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 204 381 9 42 3.373 5.624
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 3363 6730 191 649 4.342 4.920
419 Powder Metallurgy Processes 93 75 1 6 0.822 4.082
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 136 214 5 14 2.811 3.338
588 Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment 33 67 1 4 2.317 3.046
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 2977 3053 95 180 2.440 3.008
205 Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions 324 333 13 18 3.067 2.758
048 Gas: Heating and Illuminating 62 19 0 1 0.000 2.685
518 Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification or Recovery of Products Thereof 16 38 0 2 0.000 2.685
372 Coherent Light Generators 404 469 21 24 3.974 2.611
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 520 1026 24 52 3.529 2.586
256 Fences 47 62 1 3 1.627 2.469
127 Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates 19 21 0 1 0.000 2.429
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 56 171 2 8 2.730 2.387
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 1039 2358 53 107 3.900 2.315
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 263 380 8 17 2.326 2.282
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 465 693 12 29 1.973 2.135
202 Distillation: Apparatus 38 24 0 1 0.000 2.126
505 Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process 164 72 21 3 9.789 2.126
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 101 227 2 9 1.514 2.023
703 DP: Structural Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Emulation (Data Processing) 44 283 0 11 0.000 1.983
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 407 479 5 18 0.939 1.917
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 329 192 3 7 0.697 1.860
427 Coating Processes 606 1101 19 38 2.397 1.761
250 Radiant Energy 1257 1055 32 36 1.946 1.741
374 Thermal Measuring and Testing 94 176 2 6 1.627 1.739
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 403 599 9 20 1.707 1.703
044 Fuel and Related Compositions 84 120 2 4 1.820 1.701
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 214 513 7 17 2.501 1.691
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 125 126 1 4 0.612 1.620
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 516 475 15 15 2.222 1.611
014 Bridges 31 32 0 1 0.000 1.594
377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 69 66 1 2 1.108 1.546
073 Measuring and Testing 1198 1513 22 45 1.404 1.517
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 929 1950 16 56 1.317 1.465
434 Education and Demonstration 132 287 2 8 1.158 1.422
071 Chemistry: Fertilizers 31 38 1 1 2.466 1.343
335 Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets 157 193 1 5 0.487 1.322
351 Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting 170 311 2 8 0.899 1.312
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 1016 1168 16 30 1.204 1.310
385 Optical Waveguides 537 858 11 22 1.566 1.308
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 855 1171 30 29 2.682 1.263
095 Gas Separation: Processes 149 205 3 5 1.539 1.244
501 Compositions: Ceramic 255 205 8 5 2.398 1.244
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 806 973 11 23 1.043 1.206
313 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices 336 555 0 13 0.000 1.195
065 Glass Manufacturing 219 176 3 4 1.047 1.160
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 263 668 2 15 0.581 1.146
051 Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition 57 45 0 1 0.000 1.134
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 2844 3346 36 72 0.968 1.098
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 274 570 10 12 2.790 1.074
008 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers 172 239 0 5 0.000 1.067
712 Processing Architectures and Instruction Processing, e.g., Processors (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 122 487 2 10 1.253 1.048
322 Electricity: Single Generator Systems 32 49 1 1 2.389 1.041
406 Conveyors: Fluid Current 57 49 1 1 1.341 1.041
494 Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators 42 50 0 1 0.000 1.020
601 Surgery: Kinesitherapy 126 102 6 2 3.641 1.000
164 Metal Founding 249 162 2 3 0.614 0.945
252 Compositions 404 605 1 11 0.189 0.928
442 Fabric (Woven, Knitted, or Nonwoven Textile or Cloth, Etc.) 140 221 0 4 0.000 0.923
452 Butchering 96 111 0 2 0.000 0.919
426 Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products 707 909 12 16 1.298 0.898
075 Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures 234 229 2 4 0.653 0.891
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 1784 2740 17 47 0.729 0.875
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 815 1177 19 20 1.782 0.867
118 Coating Apparatus 244 552 0 9 0.000 0.832
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 75 127 3 2 3.058 0.803
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 259 516 7 8 2.066 0.791
392 Electric Resistance Heating Devices 60 131 0 2 0.000 0.779
404 Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus 119 140 1 2 0.642 0.729
405 Hydraulic and Earth Engineering 351 288 1 4 0.218 0.709
382 Image Analysis 289 1233 8 17 2.116 0.703
209 Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids 187 219 4 3 1.635 0.699
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 48 73 1 1 1.593 0.699
606 Surgery (instruments) 421 1619 14 22 2.542 0.693
704 DP: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics, Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression (Data Processing) 166 529 2 7 0.921 0.675
380 Cryptography 108 228 1 3 0.708 0.671
504 Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions 331 229 7 3 1.617 0.668
403 Joints and Connections 257 241 1 3 0.297 0.635
060 Power Plants 520 732 1 9 0.147 0.627
376 Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements 198 82 1 1 0.386 0.622
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 331 820 2 10 0.462 0.622
310 Electrical Generator or Motor Structure 438 905 3 11 0.524 0.620
445 Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing 73 165 0 2 0.000 0.618
072 Metal Deforming 376 435 0 5 0.000 0.586
244 Aeronautics 247 435 0 5 0.000 0.586
110 Furnaces 153 90 0 1 0.000 0.567
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 408 541 1 6 0.187 0.566
433 Dentistry 208 363 5 4 1.838 0.562
717 DP: Software Development, Installation, and Management (Data Processing) 16 366 0 4 0.000 0.558
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion 284 458 5 5 1.346 0.557
266 Metallurgical Apparatus 108 92 0 1 0.000 0.555
349 Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems 174 652 2 7 0.879 0.548
508 Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separate Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions 177 188 0 2 0.000 0.543
148 Metal Treatment 310 399 3 4 0.740 0.511
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 949 2703 20 27 1.611 0.510
353 Optics: Image Projectors 61 100 0 1 0.000 0.510
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 170 604 1 6 0.450 0.507
366 Agitating (e.g., of articles and materials) 190 203 0 2 0.000 0.503
338 Electrical Resistors 112 102 3 1 2.048 0.500
208 Mineral Oils: Processes and Products 293 206 0 2 0.000 0.495
464 Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts 76 104 0 1 0.000 0.491
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 391 639 1 6 0.196 0.479
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 419 2117 1 19 0.182 0.458
417 Pumps 347 677 1 6 0.220 0.452
180 Motor Vehicles 351 454 1 4 0.218 0.450
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 302 460 2 4 0.506 0.444
585 Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds 265 231 3 2 0.865 0.442
416 Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers) 109 235 0 2 0.000 0.434
716 DP: Design and Analysis of Circuit or Semiconductor Mask (Data Processing) 39 238 1 2 1.960 0.429
102 Ammunition and Explosives 209 121 0 1 0.000 0.422
037 Excavating 73 122 0 1 0.000 0.418
342 Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation) 263 494 5 4 1.453 0.413
084 Music 251 379 0 3 0.000 0.404
277 Seal for a Joint or Juncture 120 258 2 2 1.274 0.395
144 Woodworking 120 131 0 1 0.000 0.389
172 Earth Working 105 131 0 1 0.000 0.389
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 217 532 2 4 0.705 0.384
331 Oscillators 150 266 0 2 0.000 0.384
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 600 4459 9 33 1.147 0.378
709 Multiple Computer or Process Coordinating (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 77 1351 1 10 0.993 0.378
139 Textiles: Weaving 127 137 0 1 0.000 0.372
415 Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps 170 275 0 2 0.000 0.371
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 294 982 2 7 0.520 0.364
062 Refrigeration 570 879 5 6 0.671 0.348
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 342 1328 4 9 0.894 0.346
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 245 297 5 2 1.560 0.344
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 1164 1795 4 12 0.263 0.341
221 Article Dispensing 96 152 0 1 0.000 0.336
370 Multiplex Communications 398 1821 3 12 0.576 0.336
725 Interactive Video Distribution Systems 33 154 0 1 0.000 0.331
083 Cutting 259 313 0 2 0.000 0.326
307 Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems 94 327 0 2 0.000 0.312
219 Electric Heating 740 1158 3 7 0.310 0.308
114 Ships 281 334 0 2 0.000 0.306
200 Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers 276 342 0 2 0.000 0.298
454 Ventilation 106 171 0 1 0.000 0.298
174 Electricity: Conductors and Insulators 222 516 1 3 0.344 0.297
034 Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact with Solids 152 345 0 2 0.000 0.296
348 Television 720 1035 3 6 0.319 0.296
119 Animal Husbandry 256 355 5 2 1.493 0.287
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 185 359 2 2 0.826 0.284
320 Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging 32 361 0 2 0.000 0.283
705 DP: Financial, Business Practice, Management, or Cost/Price Determination (Data Processing) 99 725 0 4 0.000 0.281
165 Heat Exchange 318 368 3 2 0.721 0.277
474 Endless Belt Power Transmission Systems or Components 186 184 0 1 0.000 0.277
713 Support (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 84 745 1 4 0.910 0.274
108 Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces 89 190 0 1 0.000 0.269
425 Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus 402 384 2 2 0.380 0.266
411 Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener 224 199 0 1 0.000 0.256
482 Exercise Devices 293 415 3 2 0.783 0.246
340 Communications: Electrical 715 1456 2 7 0.214 0.245
440 Marine Propulsion 165 210 0 1 0.000 0.243
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 261 428 2 2 0.586 0.238
126 Stoves and Furnaces 239 223 1 1 0.320 0.229
355 Photocopying 292 226 0 1 0.000 0.226
363 Electric Power Conversion Systems 230 454 2 2 0.665 0.225
016 Miscellaneous Hardware 119 228 0 1 0.000 0.224
431 Combustion 167 233 1 1 0.458 0.219
047 Plant Husbandry 139 236 0 1 0.000 0.216
141 Fluent Material Handling, with Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means 174 251 0 1 0.000 0.203
052 Static Structures (e.g., Buildings) 711 1013 0 4 0.000 0.201
156 Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture 762 1058 5 4 0.502 0.193
285 Pipe Joints or Couplings 255 285 0 1 0.000 0.179
414 Material or Article Handling 488 571 2 2 0.313 0.179
188 Brakes 196 294 0 1 0.000 0.174
711 Memory (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 151 886 3 3 1.519 0.173
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems 375 1218 2 4 0.408 0.168
360 Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval 591 1213 0 4 0.000 0.168
323 Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems 130 306 0 1 0.000 0.167
029 Metal Working 834 1259 3 4 0.275 0.162
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 463 1913 3 6 0.495 0.160
004 Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons 272 327 0 1 0.000 0.156
099 Foods and Beverages: Apparatus 218 332 0 1 0.000 0.154
005 Beds 295 354 1 1 0.259 0.144
192 Clutches and Power-Stop Control 303 358 0 1 0.000 0.143
381 Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices 165 361 2 1 0.927 0.141
707 DP: Database and File Management, Data Structures, Or Document Processing (Data Processing) 102 1100 0 3 0.000 0.139
228 Metal Fusion Bonding 196 370 1 1 0.390 0.138
101 Printing 264 429 0 1 0.000 0.119
134 Cleaning and Liquid Contact with Solids 205 436 1 1 0.373 0.117
137 Fluid Handling 675 942 0 2 0.000 0.108
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 153 1010 0 2 0.000 0.101
166 Wells (shafts or deep borings in the earth, e.g., for oil and gas) 377 511 2 1 0.406 0.100
510 Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions 222 520 0 1 0.000 0.098
242 Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding 447 528 0 1 0.000 0.097
473 Games Using Tangible Projectile 405 561 1 1 0.189 0.091
002 Apparel 237 565 0 1 0.000 0.090
015 Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning 336 614 0 1 0.000 0.083
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 500 625 2 1 0.306 0.082
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 442 631 0 1 0.000 0.081
455 Telecommunications 250 1954 1 3 0.306 0.078
396 Photography 454 666 0 1 0.000 0.077
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 655 1385 3 2 0.350 0.074
123 Internal-Combustion Engines 1112 1394 5 2 0.344 0.073
347 Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information 432 1412 0 2 0.000 0.072
206 Special Receptacle or Package 611 802 3 1 0.375 0.064
362 Illumination 461 877 0 1 0.000 0.058
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 303 888 0 1 0.000 0.057
439 Electrical Connectors 924 2240 0 2 0.000 0.046
280 Land Vehicles 675 1388 0 1 0.000 0.037
001 ** Classification Undetermined ** 2 18 1 0 38.225 0.000
007 Compound Hand Tools 21 41 0 0 0.000 0.000
012 Boot and Shoe Making 21 6 0 0 0.000 0.000
019 Textiles: Fiber Preparation 87 58 0 0 0.000 0.000
023 Chemistry: Physical Processes 11 14 0 0 0.000 0.000
024 Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, Etc. 256 276 0 0 0.000 0.000
026 Textiles: Cloth Finishing 28 14 0 0 0.000 0.000
027 Undertaking 15 23 1 0 5.097 0.000
028 Textiles: Manufacturing 76 54 0 0 0.000 0.000
030 Cutlery 284 289 0 0 0.000 0.000
033 Geometrical Instruments 373 328 1 0 0.205 0.000
036 Boots, Shoes, and Leggings 193 229 0 0 0.000 0.000
038 Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing 25 38 0 0 0.000 0.000
040 Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting 188 265 0 0 0.000 0.000
042 Firearms 123 75 0 0 0.000 0.000
043 Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying 281 290 0 0 0.000 0.000
049 Movable or Removable Closures 184 236 0 0 0.000 0.000
053 Package Making 361 455 0 0 0.000 0.000
054 Harness (for animals) 17 31 1 0 4.497 0.000
055 Gas Separation 95 170 1 0 0.805 0.000
056 Harvesters 244 228 1 0 0.313 0.000
057 Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining 148 108 0 0 0.000 0.000
059 Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making 15 23 0 0 0.000 0.000
063 Jewelry 26 41 0 0 0.000 0.000
066 Textiles: Knitting 35 141 0 0 0.000 0.000
068 Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus 60 69 0 0 0.000 0.000
069 Leather Manufactures 3 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
070 Locks 223 249 0 0 0.000 0.000
076 Metal Tools and Implements, Making 16 31 0 0 0.000 0.000
079 Button Making 0 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
081 Tools 200 351 0 0 0.000 0.000
082 Turning (e.g., for metal working) 66 66 0 0 0.000 0.000
086 Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making 13 8 0 0 0.000 0.000
087 Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making 13 7 1 0 5.881 0.000
089 Ordnance 180 83 2 0 0.849 0.000
091 Motors: Expansible Chamber Type 122 80 0 0 0.000 0.000
092 Expansible Chamber Devices 103 98 0 0 0.000 0.000
100 Presses 54 81 0 0 0.000 0.000
104 Railways 122 65 0 0 0.000 0.000
105 Railway Rolling Stock 70 64 0 0 0.000 0.000
109 Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device 19 11 0 0 0.000 0.000
111 Planting 43 59 4 0 7.112 0.000
112 Sewing 159 156 0 0 0.000 0.000
116 Signals and Indicators 67 59 0 0 0.000 0.000
122 Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers 101 81 1 0 0.757 0.000
124 Mechanical Guns and Projectors 70 99 0 0 0.000 0.000
125 Stone Working 45 68 0 0 0.000 0.000
131 Tobacco 157 89 1 0 0.487 0.000
132 Toilet 107 239 0 0 0.000 0.000
135 Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane 75 121 0 0 0.000 0.000
138 Pipes and Tubular Conduits 82 275 0 0 0.000 0.000
140 Wireworking 31 30 0 0 0.000 0.000
142 Wood Turning 3 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
147 Coopering 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
149 Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges 63 73 0 0 0.000 0.000
150 Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers 23 28 0 0 0.000 0.000
152 Resilient Tires and Wheels 126 173 0 0 0.000 0.000
157 Wheelwright Machines 11 15 0 0 0.000 0.000
159 Concentrating Evaporators 13 8 0 0 0.000 0.000
160 Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel 122 238 0 0 0.000 0.000
162 Paper Making and Fiber Liberation 230 326 0 0 0.000 0.000
163 Needle and Pin Making 0 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
168 Farriery 6 12 0 0 0.000 0.000
169 Fire Extinguishers 43 96 0 0 0.000 0.000
171 Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects 13 7 0 0 0.000 0.000
173 Tool Driving or Impacting 53 99 0 0 0.000 0.000
175 Boring or Penetrating the Earth 168 268 0 0 0.000 0.000
177 Weighing Scales 76 57 1 0 1.006 0.000
178 Telegraphy 26 10 1 0 2.940 0.000
181 Acoustics 123 171 0 0 0.000 0.000
182 Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold 133 162 0 0 0.000 0.000
184 Lubrication 75 59 0 0 0.000 0.000
185 Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered 5 4 0 0 0.000 0.000
186 Merchandising 9 10 0 0 0.000 0.000
187 Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle 63 116 0 0 0.000 0.000
190 Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage 19 39 0 0 0.000 0.000
191 Electricity: Transmission To Vehicles 9 14 0 0 0.000 0.000
193 Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways 18 25 0 0 0.000 0.000
194 Check-Actuated Control Mechanisms 41 81 0 0 0.000 0.000
196 Mineral Oils: Apparatus 3 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
198 Conveyors: Power-Driven 386 420 0 0 0.000 0.000
199 Type Casting 1 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
201 Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic 9 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
203 Distillation: Processes, Separatory 79 48 1 0 0.968 0.000
211 Supports: Racks 205 318 0 0 0.000 0.000
212 Traversing Hoists 32 51 0 0 0.000 0.000
213 Railway Draft Appliances 14 13 0 0 0.000 0.000
215 Bottles and Jars 144 164 0 0 0.000 0.000
217 Wooden Receptacles 2 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
218 High-Voltage Switches with Arc Preventing or Extinguishing Devices 45 47 0 0 0.000 0.000
220 Receptacles 445 477 0 0 0.000 0.000
222 Dispensing (apparatus and process) 533 629 0 0 0.000 0.000
223 Apparel Apparatus 44 93 0 0 0.000 0.000
224 Package and Article Carriers 200 245 0 0 0.000 0.000
225 Severing by Tearing or Breaking 25 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
226 Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length 47 47 0 0 0.000 0.000
227 Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus 69 121 0 0 0.000 0.000
229 Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes 202 191 0 0 0.000 0.000
231 Whips and Whip Apparatus 0 4 0 0 0.000 0.000
232 Deposit and Collection Receptacles 34 19 0 0 0.000 0.000
234 Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching) 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
235 Registers (e.g., cash registers, calculators, devices for counting movements of devices, etc.) 193 605 0 0 0.000 0.000
236 Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation 70 80 0 0 0.000 0.000
237 Heating Systems 42 46 0 0 0.000 0.000
238 Railways: Surface Track 34 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
241 Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration 226 211 2 0 0.677 0.000
245 Wire Fabrics and Structure 1 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
246 Railway Switches and Signals 23 31 0 0 0.000 0.000
248 Supports (e.g., for holding articles, etc.) 608 799 1 0 0.126 0.000
249 Static Molds 45 35 0 0 0.000 0.000
251 Valves and Valve Actuation 266 342 1 0 0.287 0.000
254 Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force 90 150 0 0 0.000 0.000
258 Railway Mail Delivery 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
260 Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 0 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
261 Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus 102 119 0 0 0.000 0.000
267 Spring Devices 143 158 0 0 0.000 0.000
269 Work Holders 115 137 0 0 0.000 0.000
270 Sheet-Material Associating 68 33 0 0 0.000 0.000
271 Sheet Feeding or Delivering 229 320 0 0 0.000 0.000
273 Amusement Devices: Games 278 291 0 0 0.000 0.000
276 Typesetting 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
278 Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
279 Chucks or Sockets 30 46 0 0 0.000 0.000
281 Books, Strips, and Leaves 48 54 0 0 0.000 0.000
283 Printed Matter 74 125 0 0 0.000 0.000
289 Knots and Knot Tying 4 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
290 Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants 35 82 0 0 0.000 0.000
291 Track Sanders 3 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
292 Closure Fasteners 239 231 0 0 0.000 0.000
293 Vehicle Fenders 33 32 0 0 0.000 0.000
294 Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements 146 240 1 0 0.524 0.000
295 Railway Wheels and Axles 3 2 0 0 0.000 0.000
296 Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops 370 619 0 0 0.000 0.000
297 Chairs and Seats 260 648 0 0 0.000 0.000
298 Land Vehicles: Dumping 10 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
299 Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material 72 44 0 0 0.000 0.000
300 Brush, Broom, and Mop Making 13 5 0 0 0.000 0.000
301 Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles 58 121 0 0 0.000 0.000
303 Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems 159 272 0 0 0.000 0.000
305 Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles 17 41 0 0 0.000 0.000
312 Supports: Cabinet Structure 136 270 0 0 0.000 0.000
314 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes 1 0 0 0 0.000 0.000
329 Demodulators 29 36 0 0 0.000 0.000
330 Amplifiers 188 423 0 0 0.000 0.000
332 Modulators 21 27 0 0 0.000 0.000
334 Tuners 4 1 0 0 0.000 0.000
336 Inductor Devices 52 127 0 0 0.000 0.000
337 Electricity: Electrothermally or Thermally Actuated Switches 69 64 0 0 0.000 0.000
346 Recorders 75 22 0 0 0.000 0.000
352 Optics: Motion Pictures 23 21 1 0 3.324 0.000
358 Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing 472 743 1 0 0.162 0.000
368 Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices 105 129 0 0 0.000 0.000
373 Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces 27 56 0 0 0.000 0.000
379 Telephonic Communications 412 914 1 0 0.186 0.000
383 Flexible Bags 93 133 0 0 0.000 0.000
384 Bearings 250 267 0 0 0.000 0.000
386 Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing 149 310 0 0 0.000 0.000
388 Electricity: Motor Control Systems 27 21 0 0 0.000 0.000
399 Electrophotography 531 956 0 0 0.000 0.000
400 Typewriting Machines 253 305 0 0 0.000 0.000
401 Coating Implements with Material Supply 151 225 0 0 0.000 0.000
402 Binder Device Releasably Engaging Aperture or Notch of Sheet 33 52 0 0 0.000 0.000
407 Cutters, for Shaping 47 84 2 0 3.253 0.000
408 Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool 115 94 0 0 0.000 0.000
409 Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing 105 116 0 0 0.000 0.000
410 Freight Accommodation On Freight Carrier 39 97 0 0 0.000 0.000
412 Bookbinding: Process and Apparatus 21 37 0 0 0.000 0.000
413 Sheet Metal Container Making 7 7 0 0 0.000 0.000
418 Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices 123 281 0 0 0.000 0.000
420 Alloys or Metallic Compositions 117 58 1 0 0.653 0.000
432 Heating 123 99 0 0 0.000 0.000
441 Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices 75 93 0 0 0.000 0.000
446 Amusement Devices: Toys 216 330 0 0 0.000 0.000
449 Bee Culture (propagating, raising, caring for bees) 0 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
450 Foundation Garments 8 57 0 0 0.000 0.000
451 Abrading 290 668 0 0 0.000 0.000
453 Coin Handling 13 29 0 0 0.000 0.000
460 Crop Threshing or Separating 32 30 0 0 0.000 0.000
462 Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding 13 3 0 0 0.000 0.000
463 Amusement Devices: Games 45 236 0 0 0.000 0.000
470 Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus 3 12 0 0 0.000 0.000
472 Amusement Devices 44 56 0 0 0.000 0.000
475 Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components 138 213 0 0 0.000 0.000
476 Friction Gear Transmission Systems or Components 16 38 0 0 0.000 0.000
477 Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control 128 203 0 0 0.000 0.000
483 Tool Changing 29 36 0 0 0.000 0.000
492 Roll or Roller 24 28 0 0 0.000 0.000
493 Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web 94 171 0 0 0.000 0.000
503 Record Receiver Having Plural Interactive Leaves or a Colorless Color Former, Method of Use, or Developer Therefor 152 83 0 0 0.000 0.000
507 Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry 43 59 0 0 0.000 0.000
512 Perfume Compositions 32 29 0 0 0.000 0.000
602 Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage 126 222 3 0 1.820 0.000
TOT *** All Classes *** 90365 157495 1182 3087 1.000 1.000



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Last Modified: May 14, 2002