U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Information Products Division
Technology Assessment and Forecast (TAF) Branch

U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES-
UTILITY PATENT GRANTS,
CALENDAR YEARS 1969-2000

- this report has been prepared with support from the National Science Foundation -


BREAKOUT BY TECHNOLOGY CLASS -
PATENTS DISTRIBUTED BY CALENDAR YEAR OF PATENT APPLICATION

NUMBER OF UTILITY PATENTS ASSIGNED ANNUALLY
TO U.S. COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES RANKED IN THE
TOP 100 BY R&D EXPENDITURES IN FY 1999

- Explanation of Data -

Rank Ordered Listing of Technology Classes Receiving 1 or More Utility Patents During the Period

This Table Displays Patent Counts By Technology Class
For Patents Granted To The Following Top 100 R&D University:

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

( count of patent grants, as distributed by calendar year of patent application )
( technology class is determined by the primary patent classification - see 'Explanation of Data' )
 
Class Class Title PRE_1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total
424 Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions (includes Class 514) 16 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 5 2 4 1 6 4 14 18 9 10 5 0 0 99
435 Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 3 2 9 18 16 8 13 7 4 0 87
128 Surgery (includes Class 600) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 6 3 2 0 0 25
532 Organic Compounds (includes Classes 532-570) 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 5 5 2 0 0 25
250 Radiant Energy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 4 2 1 0 0 17
204 Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 10
372 Coherent Light Generators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 9
520 Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers (includes Classes 520-528) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 2 0 0 1 0 0 9
530 Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 9
701 DP: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative Location (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
073 Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 7
378 X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7
356 Optics: Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6
607 Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 6
008 Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 5
436 Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5
438 Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 5
501 Compositions: Ceramic 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 5
606 Surgery (instruments) 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 5
702 DP: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 5
002 Apparel 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
264 Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 4
417 Pumps 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
502 Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
623 Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
095 Gas Separation: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
210 Liquid Purification or Separation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
252 Compositions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
257 Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
315 Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3
324 Electricity: Measuring and Testing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
359 Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3
385 Optical Waveguides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 3
422 Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
423 Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
604 Surgery (Medicators and Receptors) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
700 DP: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
027 Undertaking 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
071 Chemistry: Fertilizers 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
074 Machine Element or Mechanism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
096 Gas Separation: Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
180 Motor Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
216 Etching a Substrate: Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
340 Communications: Electrical 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
348 Television 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
367 Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
375 Pulse or Digital Communications 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
377 Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
427 Coating Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2
428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
433 Dentistry 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
707 DP: Database and File Management, Data Structures, Or Document Processing (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
708 Arithmetic Processing and Calculating (Electrical Computers) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
714 Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
800 Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodified Parts Thereof and Related Processes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2
029 Metal Working 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
101 Printing 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
106 Compositions: Coating or Plastic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
117 Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
118 Coating Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
119 Animal Husbandry 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
136 Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
137 Fluid Handling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
219 Electric Heating 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
239 Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
242 Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
266 Metallurgical Apparatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
280 Land Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
318 Electricity: Motive Power Systems 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
326 Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
333 Wave Transmission Lines and Networks 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
343 Communications: Radio Wave Antennas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
361 Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
365 Static Information Storage and Retrieval 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
369 Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
370 Multiplex Communications 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
382 Image Analysis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
409 Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
429 Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
430 Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
434 Education and Demonstration 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
451 Abrading 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
516 Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents, Subcombinations Thereof, Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
706 DP: Artificial Intelligence (Data Processing) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
710 Input/Output (Electrical Computers and Digital Processing Systems) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
ALL ALL CLASSES 25 1 4 0 6 7 10 12 21 23 16 25 20 34 36 54 55 45 50 28 6 0 478



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Last Modified: May 22, 2002