| CPC E21D 9/003 (2013.01) [E21B 7/046 (2013.01); E21B 49/003 (2013.01); E21B 49/005 (2013.01); E21D 9/06 (2013.01); E21B 2200/20 (2020.05)] | 4 Claims |
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1. A directional drilling-exploring-monitoring integrated method for guaranteeing safety of an underwater shield tunnel, comprising:
drilling step configured for: drilling a small-diameter borehole at a side of a water area in a directional drilling manner, wherein the small-diameter borehole extending into rock and soil below the water area and extending out of ground at an other side of the water area, thereby completing the drilling of the small-diameter borehole, and the small-diameter borehole having a diameter of 90-108 mm; and recording rock fragments returned from the drilling and a drilling speed in a whole process of the drilling, to comprehensively catalog and analyze information of a stratum through which the small-diameter borehole penetrates, and establish an initial geological model;
reaming step configured for: reaming the small-diameter borehole with a large-diameter drill bit, and performing a slurry supporting during the reaming to form a large-diameter borehole, wherein the large-diameter borehole has a diameter of 300-400 mm;
stretching step configured for: stretching an end of a parallel-electrical-method (PEM) power cable and an end of a monitoring optical fiber cable into an end of the large-diameter borehole and out of an other end of the large-diameter borehole, wherein the end of the PEM power cable and the end of the monitoring optical fiber cable are respectively connected to a PEM monitoring system and an optical fiber monitoring system which acquire signals, and n sets of dual-mode electrodes are embedded in the PEM power cable, n=4*(a length of the large-diameter borehole/a height of the tunnel), each set of dual-mode electrodes comprises one power supply electrode and one carbon rod measurement electrode, and the one power supply electrode and the one measurement electrode are spaced at 0.2 m;
inspecting step configured for: inspecting a PEM and a signal of an optical fiber, repeating the stretching step in case of no current in the PEM and no communication signal in the optical fiber till an inspection effect is normal, injecting a grouting material having a pressure of 1.5 Mpa into the large-diameter borehole to seal the large-diameter borehole in a whole length of the large-diameter borehole, thereby coupling the power cable, the optical fiber cable and the stratum;
measuring step configured for: measuring, by the PEM monitoring system, zero field data of n carbon rod measurement electrodes; supplying, by the PEM monitoring system, power to n power supply electrodes on the PEM power cable and synchronously measuring primary field data of the n carbon rod measurement electrodes; measuring, by the PEM monitoring system, secondary field data of the n carbon rod measurement electrodes upon completing the supplying of the power; performing multi-parameter non-linear inversion on the zero field data, the primary field data and the secondary field data with an inversion method based on a combination of a back-propagation neural network algorithm and a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm, to form an inversion image; and updating the initial geological model formed in the drilling step to obtain a refined geological model of the stratum; and determining, according to the refined geological model of the stratum, whether a channel communicating with the water area exists in the stratum to be excavated for the tunnel; and taking a measure on the ground if the channel exists;
excavating step configured for: excavating the tunnel below the water area from the side of the water area by means of a shield tunneling machine according to the refined geological model obtained in the measuring step, wherein during a tunnel excavation process, the n sets of dual-mode electrodes of the PEM power cable feed detection data back to the PEM monitoring system in real time, and the PEM monitoring system analyzes and inverts acquired data and compares the acquired data with the inversion image in the measuring step to obtain a disturbance condition of the rock and soil during the excavating; and the optical fiber monitoring system acquires stress, temperature and vibration parameters on the optical fiber in real time to obtain a sedimentation and deformation condition of the rock and soil around the tunnel during the tunnel excavation process;
optimizing step configured for: optimizing a tunnel excavation route in real time according to a real-time monitoring result in the excavating step; performing a reinforcement operation by grouting if a damage of the rock and soil due to the disturbance is monitored during the tunnel excavation process; and monitoring and evaluating a grouting reinforcement effect at a position reinforced by the grouting through the excavating step; and proceeding the excavating after a reinforcement requirement is met; and
monitoring step configured for: continuously monitoring, by the PEM power cable and the monitoring optical fiber cable, the tunnel and the rock and soil around the tunnel with a method in the excavating step in later use of the tunnel, after the excavating of the tunnel at the side, below and at the other side of the water area is completed and the tunnel is supported, such that a sedimentation and deformation condition is found timely and handled by a worker subsequently, thereby implementing geological exploration before the tunnel excavation process, real-time disturbance monitoring during the tunnel excavation process and continuous monitoring for the sedimentation and deformation condition after the tunnel excavation process, and guaranteeing life-cycle safety of the tunnel.
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