CPC H01M 10/0569 (2013.01) [H01M 4/386 (2013.01); H01M 4/505 (2013.01); H01M 4/525 (2013.01); H01M 4/587 (2013.01); H01M 10/0567 (2013.01); H01M 10/0568 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0042 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0051 (2013.01)] | 21 Claims |
1. An electrolyte, comprising:
a lithium salt;
a nonaqueous solvent comprising a carboxylate ester, a carbonate ester other than ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), an orthoformate, an ether, a nitrile, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt is soluble in the nonaqueous solvent, and wherein the nonaqueous solvent does not comprise a nonaqueous solvent other than those listed in an amount >1 wt %;
a diluent comprising a fluoroalkyl ether, a fluorinated orthoformate, a fluorinated carbonate, a fluorinated borate, a fluorinated phosphite, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt has a solubility in the diluent at least 10 times less than a solubility of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous solvent, and wherein the diluent does not comprise a diluent other than those listed in an amount >1 wt %; and
an additive having a different composition than the lithium salt, a different composition than the nonaqueous solvent, and a different composition than the diluent, wherein the additive does not consist of an organophosphate,
the electrolyte having a lithium salt-nonaqueous solvent-additive-diluent molar ratio of 1:x:y:z where 0.5≤x≤8, 0≤y≤2, and 0.5≤z≤5,
wherein if the nonaqueous solvent consists of one or more carbonate esters, the additive does not consist of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or x/y>4.
|