US 11,705,580 B2
Electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries operating at extreme conditions
Xia Cao, Richland, WA (US); Ji-Guang Zhang, Richland, WA (US); and Wu Xu, Richland, WA (US)
Assigned to Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, WA (US)
Filed by Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, WA (US)
Filed on Nov. 29, 2021, as Appl. No. 17/537,149.
Application 17/537,149 is a continuation in part of application No. 17/144,600, filed on Jan. 8, 2021.
Claims priority of provisional application 63/080,486, filed on Sep. 18, 2020.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/970,651, filed on Feb. 5, 2020.
Claims priority of provisional application 62/959,051, filed on Jan. 9, 2020.
Prior Publication US 2022/0115706 A1, Apr. 14, 2022
Int. Cl. H01M 10/0569 (2010.01); H01M 10/0567 (2010.01); H01M 10/0568 (2010.01); H01M 4/505 (2010.01); H01M 4/587 (2010.01); H01M 4/38 (2006.01); H01M 4/525 (2010.01)
CPC H01M 10/0569 (2013.01) [H01M 4/386 (2013.01); H01M 4/505 (2013.01); H01M 4/525 (2013.01); H01M 4/587 (2013.01); H01M 10/0567 (2013.01); H01M 10/0568 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0042 (2013.01); H01M 2300/0051 (2013.01)] 21 Claims
OG exemplary drawing
 
1. An electrolyte, comprising:
a lithium salt;
a nonaqueous solvent comprising a carboxylate ester, a carbonate ester other than ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), or fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), an orthoformate, an ether, a nitrile, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt is soluble in the nonaqueous solvent, and wherein the nonaqueous solvent does not comprise a nonaqueous solvent other than those listed in an amount >1 wt %;
a diluent comprising a fluoroalkyl ether, a fluorinated orthoformate, a fluorinated carbonate, a fluorinated borate, a fluorinated phosphite, or any combination thereof, wherein the lithium salt has a solubility in the diluent at least 10 times less than a solubility of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous solvent, and wherein the diluent does not comprise a diluent other than those listed in an amount >1 wt %; and
an additive having a different composition than the lithium salt, a different composition than the nonaqueous solvent, and a different composition than the diluent, wherein the additive does not consist of an organophosphate,
the electrolyte having a lithium salt-nonaqueous solvent-additive-diluent molar ratio of 1:x:y:z where 0.5≤x≤8, 0≤y≤2, and 0.5≤z≤5,
wherein if the nonaqueous solvent consists of one or more carbonate esters, the additive does not consist of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or x/y>4.