CPC G03G 5/05 (2013.01) [G03G 5/147 (2013.01); G03G 15/0865 (2013.01)] | 19 Claims |
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising, in this order:
a support;
a photosensitive layer; and
a protection layer as a surface layer,
wherein the protection layer has a surface having a developed area ratio Sdr of 1.0% to 40.0%, and
wherein an A value represented by formula (1) of 0.10 to 0.27:
A=S1/S2 formula (1)
where, in the formula (1), S1 represents a peak area from 1,530 cm−1 to 1,470 cm−1 based on C═C stretching vibration of an aromatic ring out of peak areas of a spectrum obtained by subjecting the surface of the protection layer to measurement by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy through use of Ge as an internal reflection element and through use of a measurement condition of 45° as an angle of incidence, and S2 represents a peak area from 1,770 cm−1 to 1,700 cm−1 based on C═O stretching vibration of an ester group out of the peak areas of the spectrum obtained by subjecting the surface of the protection layer to the measurement by the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy through use of Ge as the internal reflection element and through use of a measurement condition of 45° as the angle of incidence.
|