| US 7,541,715 B2 | ||
| Electrochemical methods, devices, and structures | ||
| Yet-Ming Chiang, Framingham, Mass. (US); Steven R. Hall, Bedford, Mass. (US); Yukinori Koyama, Osaka (Japan); Kyungyeol Song, Cambridge, Mass. (US); E. Timothy Chin, Cambridge, Mass. (US); Urs Rhyner, Schindellegi (Switzerland); Dimitrios Sapnaras, Cambridge, Mass. (US); and Fernando Tubilla, Cambridge, Mass. (US) | ||
| Assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass. (US) | ||
| Filed on Jun. 13, 2005, as Appl. No. 11/150,477. | ||
| Claims priority of provisional application 60/621051, filed on Oct. 25, 2004. | ||
| Claims priority of provisional application 60/578855, filed on Jun. 14, 2004. | ||
| Prior Publication US 2006/0102455 A1, May 18, 2006 | ||
| Int. Cl. H01L 41/08 (2006.01) | ||
| U.S. Cl. 310—311 [310/328; 252/62.9; 417/322] | 51 Claims |
| 1. An electrochemical actuator, comprising:
a. a negative electrode;
b. a positive electrode; and
c. an intercalating species;
wherein said negative electrode, positive electrode, or combination thereof comprises aluminum, silver, gold, boron, bismuth,
gallium, germanium, indium, lead, antimony, silicon, tin, or a combination thereof, and
wherein, when said electrochemical actuator is subjected to an applied voltage or current, or is permitted to discharge from
an initially charged state, intercalation or de-intercalation of said species in at least one of the electrodes of said actuator
results in a volumetric or dimensional change of said actuator and linear strain of at least 1% is produced.
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