Claimed devices, systems, and methods always have to be classified. If there is additional information disclosed, then indexing codes for the additional information must be allocated.

If a breakdown indexing code of the subclass H02J (only for additional information) is given, it must always be accompanied by a main trunk symbol under H02J, for invention or additional information.

Circuit arrangements, systems and methods for the parallel connection of DC sources. Parallel operation must be interpreted as the operational characteristics allowing that the parallel-connected sources supply the load, for instance, how to share the load among the different sources, or how to sequentially switch different power sources on.

Parallel operation of DC sources, where the sources are switched mode power supplies (SMPS), i.e. power electronic converters with a DC output.

Balancing the load in a DC distribution network, either by avoiding overloading one section of the network, or by load shedding

Group H02J 1/14, in practice, relates for load shedding. Load balancing by buffering is classified in group H02J 7/34.

In group H02H 9/08, the coil is not used for any reactive power compensation, but for limiting earth fault currents.

Circuit arrangements, devices and methods for preventing, avoiding or correcting oscillations of voltage, current or power in an AC power network

Circuit arrangements for mains of distribution networks containing both ac and dc (for instance, for planes) or for (rarely) networks whose nature (AC or DC) is not specified

Circuit arrangements, systems and methods for supplying a DC load from an AC power source. Only general purpose circuits (not application-oriented/driven) are classified here.

A system used for feeding an ac distribution network from the output of DC power source like fuel cells, solar panels belongs to H02J 3/38 and not to H02J 5/00, even if a DC to AC transfer is involved.

Circuit arrangements for charging batteries. Rarely, general-purpose discharging, battery management, e.g. sequentially discharging batteries, or load-supplying, e.g. when they are not too concerned by the characteristics of the load.

If the document deals with the controlled charging of a capacitor, e.g. a supercapacitor, it is mandatory to assign a combination of the symbol H02J 7/345 and CPC symbols, which would apply, if the capacitor was replaced with a battery.

Battery charging where power comes from one or more different DC power sources, e.g. charging from solar arrays. It may further involve the supply of a load and the resulting modes of operation (battery charging, battery supplying the load).

Power sources acting when the main source fails, i.e. uninterruptible (on-line and off-line) power supplies [UPS] and back-up power supplies

Power supplies able to operate in a "standby" mode (low power or sleep modes).

The following Indexing Codes are to be used for classifying additional information:

Emergency light systems integrated typically by a back-up power source, a set of lamps and a dedicated auxiliary distribution system powering the lamps from the back-up power source

Emergency, back-up or standby power supplies integrating power electronic converters for the different power conversions within the units: e.g. rectifiers, battery chargers, voltage regulators.

H02J 13/00 covers operation-related documents, i.e. there must be at least switching on/off or generator or load (or information of such an event) or any other similar action (i.e. sending settings of an inverter connecting a photovoltaic array to the power network.

It also covers specific monitoring of power networks (tailored to such application).

Concerning smart grids, documents where the relevant features concern electrical engineering and not ICT technologies, are classified here.

Energy storage systems having either relevant power management issues, or having (or be ready/able for) an interaction with the (AC or DC) power network (but with focus on the storage system). The subject-matter stays normally at system level (there are other CPC technical fields dealing with the specific storage technologies). Under this approach, the group has two subdivisions according to two different technologies:

Functional and operational aspects of systems for the wireless supply or distribution of electric power, regardless of the type of wireless power transmission used.

Circuit arrangements for the wireless supply or distribution of electric power.

In this main group, wireless supply or distribution of electric power involves both of the following steps:

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling between the plates of at least two capacitive elements, the plates being located in separate units involved in contactless power transmission.

The figure below is an illustrative example which falls within the scope of this subgroup. In the figure, the pairs of plates 64 and 80, and 66 and 82 create two capacitive elements C1 and C2 through which power is transferred from a power transmitter 52 to a power receiver 54.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling, i.e. electromagnetic interaction between two or more inductive coils, at least one coil being located in a unit separate from the others, the units being involved in contactless power transmission.

The figure below is an illustrative example which falls within the scope of this subgroup.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type, i.e. in which at least one coil forms part of a resonant circuit.

In the illustrative example, resonant circuits Cr-Cp-Lp and Crs-Cs-Ls constitute a resonant circuit 40 which has a specific resonant frequency fr at which the total impedance of the resonant circuit 40 is minimized so that transmission efficiency of electric power between the power emitter circuit in PSU and power receiver circuit in PRU is increased.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves.

The figure below exemplifies the subject-matter to be classified in this subgroup. Power generated in power source 108 is converted into radiofrequency and transmitted by antenna 112 in transmitter 104 to antenna 124 in receiver 120, and used to power load 136.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves, characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas

The figure below is an illustrative example relevant for this subgroup. The directional antenna 11 of the transmitting station 1 sends power to the receiver 21 of the charging device 2.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas.

The figure below is an illustrative example relevant for this subgroup.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using light, e.g. lasers

The figure below is an illustrative example for this subgroup. A laser 19.1 emitted by laser unit 19 heats absorber 20 and heat is converted into electrical energy by thermoelectric element 21.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving two or more transmitting or receiving devices.

The figure below is also an illustrative example for this subgroup. In the figure, the several transmitting devices transmit electric power to several receiving devices simultaneously.

The figure below is also an illustrative example of this subgroup with two or more receiving devices involved. In the figure, the transmitting device transmits electric power to several receiving devices 1 simultaneously

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices. The repeater(s) must be physically located between the transmitting devices the receiving devices, and must be separate from them.

The figure below is an example falling within the scope of this subgroup. In the figure, the repeater C2 repeats electric power transmission between the transmitting device C1 and the receiving device C3.

The figure below is an illustrative example for this subgroup. In the figure, the transmitting device 10 detects the presence of the foreign object 30.

Mechanical aspects related to mechanical removing of foreign object are classified in the relevant field of technology.

Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power electrically detecting and/or optimising the relative position between emitters, receivers and repeaters, aiming to increase the efficiency of the wireless power transmission, wherein active parts of these circuit arrangements or systems, e.g. coils or antennas, are involved in the detection and/or optimising of the position.