CPC Definition - Subclass F02M

Last Updated Version: 2023.08
SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for supplying fuel, air or non fuel substances to combustion engines, e.g. carburettors for liquid fuel; apparatus for feeding, or treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture; Fuel injection apparatus

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Internal-combustion piston engines; Combustion engines in general

F02B

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Carburettors

Apparatus for mixing fuel with air, the fuel being brought into mixing contact with the air by lowering the air pressure, e.g. in a venturi

Fuel-injection apparatus

Apparatus for introducing fuel into a space, e.g. engine cylinder, by pressurising the fuel, e.g. by a pump acting behind the fuel, and thus includes the so-called "solid-fuel injection" in which liquid fuel is introduced without any admixture of gas

Low-pressure fuel injection

Fuel injection in which the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed in the compression stroke of the engine

Pumping element

A single piston-cylinder unit in a reciprocating-piston fuel-injection pump or the equivalent unit in any other type of fuel-injection pump

Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures
Definition statement

This place covers:

When the engine is cold, fuel vaporizes less readily and tends to condense on the walls of the intake manifold, starving the cylinders of fuel and making the engine difficult to start; thus, a richer mixture is required to start and run the engine until it warms up. To provide the extra fuel, a choke is typically used; this is a device that restricts the flow of air at the entrance to the carburettor, before the venturi. With this restriction in place, extra vacuum is developed in the carburettor venturi, which pulls extra fuel through the main metering system to supplement the fuel being pulled from the idle and off-idle circuits. This provides the rich mixture required to sustain operation at low engine temperatures. In addition, the choke can be connected to a cam or other device which prevents the throttle plate from closing fully while the choke is in operation. This causes the engine to idle at a higher speed. Fast idle serves as a way to help the engine warm up quickly, and give a more stable idle while cold by increasing airflow throughout the intake system which helps to better atomize the cold fuel. In many carburetted cars, the choke is controlled by a cable connected to a pull-knob on the dashboard operated by the driver. In some carburetted cars it is automatically controlled by a thermostat employing a bimetallic spring, which is exposed to engine heat, or to an electric heating element. This heat may be transferred to the choke thermostat via simple convection, via engine coolant, or via air heated by the exhaust. Some carburettors do not have a choke but instead use a mixture enrichment circuit. Typically used on small engines, enricheners work by opening a secondary fuel circuit below the throttle valves. This circuit works exactly like the idle circuit, and when engaged it simply supplies extra fuel when the throttle is closed.

Relationships with other classification places

Carburettors are used in all types of engines. Nowadays new inventions mainly take place in the field of small engines. e.g. motorcycles, lawn mowers.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors for gaseous fuel

F02M 21/00

Carburettors combined with low pressure fuel injection

F02M 71/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Idling devices

F02M 3/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Idling

Engine running stationary

Priming

Pumping extra fuel

Float chamber

Fuel collection chamber controlled by float member

Idling devices for carburettors (with means for facilitating engine's idling below operational temperatures F02M 1/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices for delivering the correct amount of fuel and air under idling i.e. slow running conditions of the engine.

Relationships with other classification places

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus, F02M 69/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures

F02M 1/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions

F02M 7/00

Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/00

Float-controlled apparatus for maintaining a constant fuel level
Definition statement

This place covers:

To ensure a ready mixture, the carburettor has a float chamber that contains a quantity of fuel at near-atmospheric pressure, ready for use. This reservoir is constantly replenished with fuel supplied by a fuel pump. The correct fuel level in the bowl is maintained by means of a float controlling an inlet valve When fuel is used up, the float drops, opening the inlet valve and admitting fuel. As the fuel level rises, the float rises and closes the inlet valve. The level of fuel maintained in the float bowl can usually be adjusted by a setscrew.

Relationships with other classification places

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions, F02M 7/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Floatless carburettors

F02M 17/02

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details, component parts, or accessories of carburettors, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M 1/00 - F02M 17/00

F02M 19/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Float

Hollow body floating on fuel level and acting on fuel inlet valve

Other details, e.g. floats, valves, setting devices or tools
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Floats in general

F16K 33/00

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions (choke valves for starting F02M 1/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Under all engine operating conditions, the carburettor must measure the airflow of the engine, deliver the correct amount of fuel to keep the air/fuel mixture in the proper range and distribute the two finely and evenly. This job would be simple if air and gasoline were ideal fluids; in practice, however, their deviations from ideal behaviour due to viscosity, fluid drag, inertia, etc. require a great deal of complexity to compensate for exceptionally high or low engine speeds. A carburettor must provide the proper air/fuel mixture across a wide range of ambient temperatures, atmospheric pressures, engine speeds and loads and centrifugal forces, like cold start, hot start, idling, acceleration, high speed at full throttle (high load), slow speed at part throttle (light load).

To function correctly under all these conditions, carburettors contain a complex set of mechanisms to support several different operating modes.

Relationships with other classification places

Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents, F02D 41/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures

F02M 1/00

Idling devices

F02M 3/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions

F02D 35/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Aerated fuel spray nozzles

Nozzle with air and fuel dispersion

Equaliser jets

Jets for equalising the air/fuel ratio

Carburettors having aerated fuel spray nozzles
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

With valve control for amount of air for aerating fuel

F02M 7/24

Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly type (register-type carburettors F02M 11/00); Carburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position
Definition statement

This place covers:

A carburettor basically consists of an open pipe through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the engine. The pipe is in the form of a venture, which narrows in section and then widens again, causing the airflow to increase in speed in the narrowest part. Below the venturi is a valve called the throttle valve. This valve controls the flow of air through the carburettor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed. The throttle valve is connected through a mechanical linkage of rods and joints to the accelerator pedal.

Relationships with other classification places

Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits, F02D 9/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Register-type carburettors

F02M 11/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Throttle valves having slidably mounted valve members

F02D 9/12

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Iris diaphragms

Series of metal plates that can fold in over an opening on each other

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • " Carburettor throat" and "Carburettor venturi "
Multi-stage carburettors, Register-type carburettors, i.e. with slidable or rotatable throttling valves in which a plurality of fuel nozzles, other than only an idling nozzle and a main one, are sequentially exposed to air stream by throttling valve
Definition statement

This place covers:

Carburettors with a plurality of means for adjusting the air to fuel mixing ratio according to the operational requirements, like acceleration, deceleration and idling of the engine.

Relationships with other classification places

Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents, F02D 41/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant, fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions

F02M 7/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements of two or more separate carburettors

F02M 13/00

Carburettors using more than one fuel

F02M 13/06

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • " Multi stage carburettor" and "Register carburettor"
Arrangements of two or more separate carburettors (re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture F02M 29/00); Carburettors using more than one fuel (apparatus for adding small quantities of secondary fuel F02M 25/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

The arrangement of two or more carburettors on the intake conduits of internal combustion engines and related constructional features.

Relationships with other classification places

Combustion air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal combustion engines, F02M 35/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Apparatus for adding small quantities of secondary fuel

F02M 25/00

Re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture

F02M 29/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Multi-stage carburettors

F02M 11/00

Apparatus for testing, tuning, or synchronising carburetors

F02M 19/01

Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel and air induction conduits or exhaust conduits.

F02D 9/00

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermal insulating means for combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture
Definition statement

This place covers:

Carburettors with means for preventing freezing or overheating of the carburettor.

Relationships with other classification places

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, F02M 31/00.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors with means for facilitating engine's starting or its idling below operational temperatures

F02M 1/00

Heating, cooling, or thermally insulating float apparatus

F02M 5/00

Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of preceding main groups

F02M 17/00

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture not being part of a carburettor

F02M 31/00

Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of preceding main groups F02M 1/00 - F02M 15/00 (apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sonic waves, or the like F02M 27/00; combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M 71/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Carburettors with a different type of configuration, like fuel bath carburettors or normal carburettors having special properties, like membrane carburettors.

Relationships with other classification places

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus, F02M 69/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves or the like

F02M 27/00

Combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus

F02M 71/00

Carburettors having continuously-rotating bodies, e.g. surface carburettors
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fuel injection by centrifugal forces

F02M 69/06

Details, component parts, or accessories of carburettors, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M 1/00 - F02M 17/00
Definition statement

This place covers:

Residual group for details of carburettors which are not covered by main groups F02M 1/00F02M 17/00. This group covers, e.g. metering orifices, spray nozzles, venturis, external control gear.

Relationships with other classification places

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus, F02M 69/00.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of preceding main groups

F02M 17/00

Measuring or testing apparatus in general

G01

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Dashpot

Type of damper

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "Carburettor throat" and "Carburettor venturi"
Fuel atomising nozzles; Arrangement of emulsifying air conduits
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Atomising in general

B05B

Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
Definition statement

This place covers:

Systems like tanks, vaporizers, pumps and injectors for supplying engines with a non-liquid, mostly gaseous fuel. A gas engine differs from a petrol engine in many ways. The fuel and air are mixed differently. The combustion of a gas/ air mixture is different form a liquid fuel/ air mixture and requires adaptation of the combustion space. Also the energy contents of gas is much lower than that of a liquid fuel. Since (natural) gas is a clean, economical and readily available fuel, many industrial engines are either designed or modified to use gas, as distinguished from gasoline.

Relationships with other classification places

Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures, F02D 19/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; plants including such engines

F02B 43/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels

F02M 13/08

Engines characterised by pre-combustion chambers

F02B 19/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Gaseous fuel

Fuel being a gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature

for gaseous fuels
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for vaporising liquid fuel by heat

F02M 31/00

Engines with apparatus generating gas from solid fuel, e.g. from wood

F02B 43/08

Gas-air mixing apparatus
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors adapted to use liquid and gaseous fuels

F02M 13/08

Carburetting gases in general

C10J

Apparatus for de-liquefying, e.g. by heating
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Discharging liquefied gases in general

F17C

Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for adding secondary air to the air/fuel mixture for varying or keeping constant the air/fuel ratio under varying engine operating circumstances, like acceleration, deceleration, cold start and high torque.

Relationships with other classification places

Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel, or fuel-air mixture, F02M 25/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Engines characterised by air-storage chambers

F02B 21/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Carburettors with means for influencing, e.g. enriching or keeping constant fuel/air ratio of charge under varying conditions

F02M 7/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Secondary air

air not entering the engine via the main air intake

Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture (adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M 23/00; adding exhaust gases F02M 26/00; fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels or on a liquid fuel and another liquid F02M 43/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for adding water, lubricant vapours or fuel vapours to the combustion mixture. These substances are added to improve the combustion properties of the fuel/air mixture and/or make the exhaust gases cleaner or prevent harmful gases from escaping to atmosphere.

Relationships with other classification places

Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas, F02D 21/00

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/00

Adding exhaust gases

F02M 26/00

Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels or on a liquid fuel and another liquid

F02M 43/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Crankcase ventilating or breathing

F01M 13/00

Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust

F01N 3/00

Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel or fuel-air mixtures of engines

F02B 47/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

PCV

Positive Crankcase Ventilation

adding lubricant vapours
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Crankcase ventilating or breathing

F01M 13/00

Positive crankcase ventilation (in general)

F01M 13/02

Special rules of classification

Positive crankcase ventilation [PCV] should also be classified in F01M 13/02.

Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for adding exhaust gases to the combustion mixture. The exhaust gas is added to improve the combustion properties of the fuel/air mixture and/or make the exhaust gases cleaner or prevent harmful gases from escaping to atmosphere.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods of operating engines involving adding exhaust gas to combustion air, fuel, or fuel air-mixtures of engines

F02B 47/08

Actuation of an additional valve for a special application, e.g. for decompression, exhaust gas recirculation or cylinder scavenging

F02D 13/0276

Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with exhaust gas of engine to combustion air

F02D 21/08

Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]

F02D 41/0047

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

EGR

Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, (radioactive) rays or sound waves in order to improve the combustibility of the fuel-air-mixture.

Relationships with other classification places

Chemical, physical or physic-chemical processes in general; their relevant apparatus, B01J 19/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture

F02M 25/00

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Other methods of operating engines involving pre-treating of or adding substances to combustion air, fuel or fuel-air mixture for the engine.

F02B 51/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Sonic waves

Sound waves

Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture (combined with secondary-air supply F02M 23/12 {; collecting condensed fuel F02M 33/02})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Especially when the air is cold the process of vaporisation of fuel into the air is more difficult. Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel, e.g. fuel droplets on the inner side of the air intake tube, or homogenising fuel-air mixture, e.g. distribution of fuel and air, help to improve this process.

Relationships with other classification places

Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder, F02B 31/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Combined with secondary-air supply

F02M 23/12

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

Apparatus for collecting and returning condensed fuel

F02M 33/02

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Secondary air

Air entering the intake via an extra opening

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "Re-atomising " and "Re-evaporating"
having screens, gratings, baffles or the like
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture (carburettors with heating, cooling or thermal insulating means for combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture F02M 15/00; apparatus for de-liquefying non-liquid fuels by heating F02M 21/06; apparatus having heating means for non-gaseous fuels with low melting point F02M 21/10; apparatus characterised by adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture F02M 23/14; fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally insulating means F02M 53/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture for improving the combustion properties of the fuel-air mixture.

Relationships with other classification places

Carburettors with heating, F02M 15/00; fuel injection apparatus with heating, F02M 53/00; fuel filters with heating, F02M 35/024; air filters with heating, F02M 35/024.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermal insulating means for combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 15/00

Apparatus for de-liquefying non-liquid fuels by heating

F02M 21/06

Apparatus having heating means for non-gaseous fuels with low melting point

F02M 21/10

Apparatus characterised by adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/14

Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally insulating means

F02M 53/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves or the like

F02M 27/00

Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture (combustion-air cleaners F02M 35/00; arrangements for purifying liquid fuel F02M 37/22)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Other apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel or fuel-air mixture, like collectors for condensed fuel, coatings of intake passages.

Relationships with other classification places

Engine pertinent apparatus for adding for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, F02M 25/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Combustion-air cleaners

F02M 35/00

Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel

F02M 37/22

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus for re-atomising condensed fuel or homogenising fuel-air mixture

F02M 29/00

Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
Relationships with other classification places

F02M 35/00 has relationships with many subject matter areas in the field F02B, F02D and F02M dealing with the air and fuel supply to the internal combustion engine.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Air cleaners in general

B01D

Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems

F02B 27/00

Modifying induction systems for imparting a rotation to the charge in the cylinder

F02B 31/00

Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits

F02D 9/00

Air cleaners
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Air cleaners in general

B01D

{Exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]; Positive crankcase ventilation [PCV]; Additional air admission, lubricant or fuel vapour admission}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Crankcase ventilating or breathing

F01M 13/00

Positive crankcase ventilation (in general)

F01M 13/02

Special rules of classification

Positive crankcase ventilation [PCV] should also be classified in F01M 13/02.

characterised by use in vehicles
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Predominant vehicle aspects, see the relevant classes for the vehicles

B60, B61, B62, B63

Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus, like pumps, fuel conduits and venting means, including fuel return lines.

References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Fuel supply to apparatus for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity

F23R 3/28

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fuel injection apparatus characterized by their conduits and venting means

F02M 55/00

Fuel injection apparatus having a common rail

F02M 63/0225

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus

F02M 69/00

Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines

B01D

Centrifuges

B04B

Control of fuel feeding

F02D 33/003

Feeding liquid fuel to combustion apparatus, in general

F23K 5/00

Fuel supply to apparatus for generating combustion products of high pressure or high velocity

F23R 3/28

Feeding by means of driven pumps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus by means of driven pumps.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pump construction

F04

characterised by filters or filter arrangements
Definition statement

This place covers:

Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system that are characterised by filters or filter arrangements.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Separation, e.g. filters

B01D

characterised by air purging means (having priming pumps F02M 37/16)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines characterised by air purging means.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Having priming pumps

F02M 37/16

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Characterised by means for preventing vapour lock

F02M 37/20

Devices for the removal of gas, e.g. air purge systems

B01D 36/001

Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements (fuel-injection apparatus in which injection pumps are driven, or injectors are actuated, by the pressure in engine working cylinders, or by impact of engine working piston F02M 49/00; arrangements of injectors F02M 61/14)
Definition statement

This place covers:

The physical or geometrical relation of fuel-injection apparatus to an engine or the drive arrangement of a fuel pump.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel-injection apparatus in which injection pumps are driven, or injectors are actuated, by the pressure in engine working cylinders, or by impact of engine working piston

F02M 49/00

Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines

F02M 61/14

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fuel-injection apparatus carrying the fuel into cylinders by high-pressure gas

F02M 67/00

Low-pressure fuel-injection

F02M 69/00

Charging fuel-injection engines

F02B

Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus to facilitate the driving of pumps; Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps; Pump drives
Definition statement

This place covers:

Arrangements of fuel-injection pumps including mounting, i.e. fitting or attaching the pumps to the engines.

Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel injection apparatus having a driven sequential distributor, combined with or separated from a pump or common pressure source.

Injection pumps for metering and distributing fuel.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Common rail or accumulator injection systems

F02M 47/02, F02M 63/0003, F02M 63/0225

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used with the meaning indicated:

"pump"

"distributor-type pumps".

the distributor rotating
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Radial pistons carried by the distributor

F02M 41/1405

{with piston arranged axially to driving shaft (F02M 41/123 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Characterised by means for varying fuel delivery or injection timing

F02M 41/123

{with piston arranged radially to driving shaft (F02M 41/123 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Characterised by means for varying fuel delivery or injection timing

F02M 41/123

{Throttling of fuel passages to or from the pumping chamber}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{valves being mechanically or electrically adjustable sleeves slidably mounted on rotary piston}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{valves being fluid-actuated slide-valves, e.g. differential rotary-piston pump}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Arrangements for metering fuel admitted to pumping chambers, e.g. by shuttles or by throttle-valves}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel injection apparatuses operating simultaneously on two or more fuels or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, the other liquid can e.g. be an antiknock additive, e.g. water.

One of the fuels may be gaseous.

This group does not contain documents describing gaseous fuel injection system. It is limited to constructional aspects of pumps or injectors.

However fuel injection apparatuses operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, one of them being gaseous, also fall under F02M 43/00.

media0.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Injection valves for gaseous fuels

F02M 21/0257

Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 25/00

Engines operating on gaseous fuel

F02B 43/00

Engines operating on other non-liquid fuels

F02B 45/00

Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship {(pumps having such delivery by means of delivery valves F02M 59/462)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Both functional and constructional aspects of injection apparatus. When a pump or injector is specially designed for such injection, then they are classified in these groups.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Pumps having such delivery by means of delivery valves

F02M 59/462

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fuel-injectors having such deliveries by means of valves furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions

F02M 61/06

Controlling fuel injection

F02D 41/30

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "rate shaping", "pilot" and "main injection"
with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts or if there is "a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure", or

in case "each cyclic delivery" is not "separated into two or more parts", i.e. in case injector doesn't close between parts.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Two or more closing springs acting on injection-valve, and "each cyclic delivery" is NOT "separated into two or more parts"

F02M 45/083

with a small initial part {, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Functional and constructional aspects of injection apparatus.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pumps having such delivery by means of delivery valves

F02M 59/462

Fuel-injectors having such deliveries by means of valves furnished at seated ends with pintle- or plug-shaped extensions

F02M 61/06

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "rate shaping", "pilot" and "main injection"
{Having specially arranged spill port and spill contour on the piston (F02M 45/063 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Delivery stroke of piston being divided into two or more parts, e.g. by using specially shaped cams

F02M 45/063

{Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices, even if "each cyclic delivery" is not "separated into two or more parts". Also used if there is "a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure".

providing a continuous {cyclic} delivery with variable pressure
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure. "Variable pressure" is understood to include "variable flow rate".

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If "2 or more closing springs are acting on injection-valve", even if, as here, "each cyclic delivery" is not "separated into two or more parts", but is "a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure"

F02M 45/083

If there is "more than one injection valve controlling discharge orifices", even if, as here, "each cyclic delivery" is not "separated into two or more parts", but is "a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure"

F02M 45/086

Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure (fuel- injectors actuated by the pressure in engine working cylinders F02M 49/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Injectors only. The needle valves of these injectors are closed by a fluid pressure, with the exception of injectors classified in F02M 47/046

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel-injectors actuated by the pressure in engine working cylinders

F02M 49/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fuel injectors with spring for needle closing and using fluid for assisting the spring force

F02M 61/205

Solenoid or piezoelectric control valves used in these injectors

F02M 63/0012

Fuel injection valves held closed by a cyclically-operated mechanism for a time and automatically opened by fuel pressure

F02M 63/04

Low-pressure fuel-injection

F02M 69/00

{Mechanically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Hydraulically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media1.jpg

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of injection valves

F02M 61/00, F02M 2200/00

Details of control valves

F02M 63/0012

using fluid, other than fuel, for injection-valve actuation
Definition statement

This place covers:

Using fluid, other than the fuel taking part of the injection, for injection-valve actuation. Thus it also covers the case where the actuation fluid is actually fuel that is not taking part of the injection or stems from a separate fuel line, i.e. shown in this example:

media2.jpg

Other fuel injectors peculiar thereto
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel injectors not covered by F02M 47/02 and F02M 47/04.

Fuel-injection apparatus in which injection pumps are driven or injectors are actuated, by the pressure in engine working cylinders, or by impact of engine working piston
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media3.jpg

Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g.: electrical wirings, pumps with electric plunger drive and injectors with electric needle drive (solenoid, piezoelectric etc.)

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Injectors with electric control valves

F02M 47/027, F02M 63/0007

Pumps with electric control valves

F02M 59/366

specially for low-pressure fuel-injection ({F02M 51/005 takes precedence;} pumpsper se F02M 51/04; injectors per se F02M 51/08)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Arrangement of electrical wires and connections

F02M 51/005

Fuel injection apparatus characterised by pumps

F02M 51/04

Low pressure fuel injection apparatus characterised by injectors

F02M 51/08

Injectors peculiar thereto {with means directly operating the valve needle}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Injectors peculiar thereto, with electrical means directly or indirectly via a hydraulic or mechanical linkage operating the valve needle.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fluid pressure operated valve needles

F02M 47/027, F02M 63/0003

Injector details not provided for under F02M 51/06

F02M 61/00

{using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media4.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Valves in general actuated by piezoelectric means

F16K 31/004

Piezoelectric devices; Electrostrictive devices; Magnetostrictive devices; Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof

H10N 30/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Linkage between operating means and valve member

F02M 2200/70

{the actuator being hollow, e.g. with needle passing through the hollow space}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Injectors featuring hollow actuators, e.g. the needle passing through the hollow space. Example:

media5.jpg

{using electromagnetic operating means}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Valves in general actuated by electromagnetic means

F16K 31/06

{having two or more electromagnets}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media6.jpg

{acting on one mobile armature (F02M 51/0628 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media7.jpg

{having a stepped armature}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media8.jpg

{having a spherically or partly spherically shaped armature, e.g. acting as valve body}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this group.

media9.jpg

media10.jpg

media11.jpg

{having a plate-shaped or undulated armature not entering the winding (if entering the winding F02M 51/0664)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Armatures entering the winding

F02M 51/0664

{the armature acting as a valve}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media12.jpg

{the armature having a valve attached thereto}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Armatures having a valve attached thereto or integrated therewith.

{the valve being a short body, e.g. sphere or cube}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media13.jpg

{the valve being spherical or partly spherical}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media14.jpg

{the valve being an elongated body, e.g. a needle valve}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media15.jpg

{the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media16.jpg

{the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other or at least part of valve being flexible.

E.g.:

media17.jpg

{the armature acting as a valve or having a short valve body attached thereto}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative examples of subject matter classified in this group.

media18.jpg

media19.jpg

media20.jpg

media21.jpg

media22.jpg

media23.jpg

Special rules of classification

In cases where it cannot be easily determined whether the valve body attached to the armature is short or elongated both F02M 51/0667 and F02M 51/0671 should be used.

{the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto, or the armature having an elongated valve body integrated therewith, e.g. the armature constituting in itself an elongated valve body. Eg.:

E.g.:

media24.jpg

Special rules of classification

In cases where it cannot be easily determined whether the valve body attached to the armature is short or elongated both F02M 51/0667 and F02M 51/0671 should be used.

{the valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The valve body having cylindrical guiding or metering portions, e.g. with fuel passages. E.g.:

media25.jpg

{all portions having fuel passages, e.g. flats, grooves, diameter reductions}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media26.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

If the passage isn't in the cylindrical guiding or metering portion, but in another part of the valve member, e.g. its central part

F02M 51/0675

{the body being hollow and its interior communicating with the fuel flow (F02M 51/0675 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media27.jpg

Special rules of classification

In cases where it cannot be easily determined whether the valve body attached to the armature is short or elongated both F02M 51/0667 and the appropriate class/code F02M 51/0671+ should be used.

{the armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The armature and the valve being allowed to move relatively to each other or not being attached to each other or at least part of valve being flexible.

Example:

media28.jpg

{and permanent magnets (F02M 51/0696 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Injectors using electromagnetic operating means and permanent magnets

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel injection apparatus characterised by the use of movable windings

F02M 51/0696

{as valve or armature return means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media29.jpg

{characterised by the use of movable windings}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media30.jpg

Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel injection apparatus having heating, cooling or thermally-insulating means, including devices to influence the fuel temperature in injectors or common rails

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermally insulating means

F02M 15/00

Apparatus for de-liquefying gaseous fuels by heating

F02M 21/06

Apparatus for heating fuels with low melting point

F02M 21/10

Adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/14

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermally insulating means

F02M 15/00

Apparatus for de-liquefying gaseous fuels by heating

F02M 21/06

Apparatus for heating fuels with low melting point

F02M 21/10

Adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/14

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

Injectors with heating, cooling, or thermally-insulating means
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermally insulating means

F02M 15/00

Apparatus for de-liquefying gaseous fuels by heating

F02M 21/06

Apparatus for heating fuels with low melting point

F02M 21/10

Adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/14

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

with fuel-heating means, e.g. for vaporising
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Carburettors with heating, cooling or thermally insulating means

F02M 15/00

Apparatus for de-liquefying gaseous fuels by heating

F02M 21/06

Apparatus for heating fuels with low melting point

F02M 21/10

Adding hot secondary air to fuel-air mixture

F02M 23/14

Apparatus for thermally treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture

F02M 31/00

Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; {Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M 37/00 (venting in general B01D 19/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. fuel conduits between pump and injector, their coupling, constructional aspects of accumulators or common rails.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel feed and filtering systems

F02M 37/00

Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump and apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus

F02M 37/00

General layout of a common rail system with fuel circuit and valving for control of fuel pressure

F02M 63/0225

Low pressure fuel rails and fuel circuits

F02M 69/462, F02M 69/465

Venting in general

B01D 19/00

Pipes in general

F16L

{Joints; Sealings}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for

F02M 2200/16

Sealing arrangements between injector and engine, e.g. to avoid leakage of combustion chamber gases to the outside through the space between fuel injector and engine

F02M 2200/858

Sealings in general

F16J

Joints in general

F16L

{Venting means}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Venting means, i.e. for venting gases.

{Arrangement of fuel passages inside of injectors}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Specific arrangements or details of fuel passages inside injectors. E.g. media31.jpgor media32.jpg

Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel injectors combined or associate with other devices, e.g. injectors combined with fuel pumps, injectors combined with sensors, injectors combined with engine valves, and injectors combined with plugs.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electric drive of fuel pumps

F02M 51/04

Hydraulic drive of reciprocating piston in fuel pumps

F02M 59/105

Pneumatic drive of reciprocating piston in fuel pumps

F02M 59/107

Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M 39/00 -F02M 57/00 {, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M 39/00 - F02M 57/00. For further subject-matter covered, see the section "Special rules of classification".

The structure of this group comprises:

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Rotary distributor type pumps, dual fluid pumps and electrically driven pumps

F02M 41/00, F02M 43/00, F02M 51/00

General features of pumps

F04

Special rules of classification

Besides the subject-matter covered by the main group title, this place also covers details of the pumps classified in F02M 41/00, F02M 43/00, F02M 51/00.

with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V or star arrangement
Definition statement

This place covers:

Reciprocating piston type pumps with cylinders arranged radially to driving shaft, e.g. in V or star arrangement. "arranged radially" is interpreted to be understood as excluding in-line pumps.

fuel delivery being controlled by means of fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons, which effect injection {(combined with rotary distributor supporting pump pistons F02M 41/1422; low pressure fuel-injection F02M 69/12)}
Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Auxiliary pistons

Pistons that do not provide pressure intensification but act as metering pistons effecting injection.

by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages {to pumping elements or overflow passages}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Overflow passages

any draining passage wherever it is situated, even after (e.g. downstream of) the pump or the delivery valve. Generally, it is the pumping chamber that is drained.

{Rotary valves}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Rotary fuel distributor

F02M 41/063

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Valves being actuated electrically}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

{Pump inlet valves of the check valve type being open when actuated}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media33.jpg

{Pump inlet valves being closed when actuated}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media34.jpg

for starting of engines {(supply of excess fuel F02M 59/447)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Supply of excess fuel

F02M 59/447

Valves
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of valves

F02M 63/0012

Valves in general

F16K

{Electrically operated valves, e.g. using electromagnetic or piezoelectric operating means}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Solenoid valves that control fuel amount delivered

F02M 59/366

Valve details

F02M 63/0012

Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M 39/00 - F02M 57/00 or F02M 67/00
Definition statement

This place covers:

Constructional parts (F02M 61/02-F02M 61/12) and a general, details part (F02M 61/16-F02M 61/205).

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mounting of injectors with respect to engines

F02M 61/14

having valves {, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M 39/00 - F02M 57/00 or F02M 67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Valves in general

F16K

{Means for adjusting injection-valve lift}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means for adjusting injection-valve lift during operation of the valve, in order to adjust it to the operating conditions and requirements of the moment.

{Filtering elements specially adapted in fuel inlets to injector}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For fuel feed systems

F02M 37/22

Edge filtering elements

B01D 29/44

Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. in pipe-lines, pumps

B01D 35/02

{Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing and Adjusting in the sense of calibrating during manufacture.

Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; {Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

The valves opening in direction of fuel flow

F02M 61/08

{Discharge orifices having different orientations with respect to valve member direction of movement, e.g. orientations being such that fuel jets emerging from discharge orifices collide with each other}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Discharge orifices arranged so that the jets are flowing therethrough at an angle to the normal axis of the injector.

{Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media35.jpg

{Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Discharge orifices having variable cross section, e.g. divergent, convergent or stepwise changing cross section. E.g.:

media36.jpg

{Dimensional characteristics of discharge orifices}
Definition statement

This place covers:

E.g. the exact size, diameter is given, or a special relationship between a diameter and a length is given.

{Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel injectors of the accumulator type having a spring whose force assists the hydraulic closing of the injection valve

F02M 47/02, F02M 2547/006

Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M 39/00 - F02M 57/00 or F02M 67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M 39/00 - F02M 61/00 or F02M 67/00; {Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Most active subgroup in this group is F02M 63/0225 dealing with the common rails. The groups F02M 63/0003 - F02M 63/0008 include injection system having a fuel pressure source and an on/off valve in each fuel conduit to injector. These systems are different from accumulator type fuel injectors classified in F02M 47/02. Also these valves have different function than the control valves in the fuel injection pumps defined by the groups F02M 59/36-F02M 59/366.

{Valves (for fuel metering see the relevant groups, e.g. F02M 59/34; inlet or outlet check valves for fuel injection pumps F02M 59/46; for fuel injectors see the relevant groups, e.g. F02M 61/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Valves other than fuel injection valves, i.e. fuel injectors, whenever relevant.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Metering fuel by means of throttling valves in fuel-injection pumps

F02M 41/124, F02M 41/1427, F02M 59/34

Metering fuel by means of valves in fuel-injection pumps

F02M 41/125, F02M 41/1427, F02M 59/36

Valves used in fuel-injection pumps only and not provided for in F02M 39/00 - F02M 57/00, e.g. inlet or outlet check valves for fuel-injection pumps

F02M 59/46

Valves in general

F16K

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Valves in general

F16K

Special rules of classification

Not to be used to characterise fuel injection valves, i.e. fuel injectors, unless they have pertinent characteristics or have details, component parts or accessories not provided for in F02M 61/00, F02M 51/06, or Indexing Codes F02M 2200/00.

The valves in F02M 63/0012 may be part of fuel injection apparatus for which there exist specific classes elsewhere, and which are thus classified both in that specific class and in F02M 63/0012, if the valve has a relevant feature per se.

{using electromagnetic operating means}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electromagnetic valves per se

H01F 7/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electromagnetic valves per se

H01F 7/00

{characterised by the arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armatures}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The fixed armature is the magnetic core that does not move.

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "pole piece", "magnetkern" and "stator"
{Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media37.jpg

{Poppet valves, i.e. having a mushroom-shaped valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media38.jpg

{with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Illustrative example of subject matter classified in this group.

media39.jpg

{Combined valve units, e.g. for controlling pumping chamber and injection valve}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Valve unit controlling more than one function.

{Pressure relief valves}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Valves that open when a specific pressure has been reached.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Pure check valves

F02M 63/0054

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pressure relief valves in general

F16K 17/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • " pressure limiting valve", "pressure safety valves" and "overpressure safety valves"
{Check valves (F02M 59/462, F02M 59/464 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Fuel pump delivery valves

F02M 59/462

Fuel pump inlet valves of the check valve type

F02M 59/464

Pressure relief valves

F02M 63/005

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Check valves in general

F16K 15/00

{Throttling valves, e.g. having variable opening positions throttling the flow}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Varying fuel delivery of a fuel pump in quantity or timing by throttling of passages to pumping elements or of overflow passages

F02M 59/34

{for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors (safety devices acting on engine fuel system on lubricant pressure failure F01M 1/24); for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Safety devices acting on engine fuel system upon lubricant pressure failure

F01M 1/24

{Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors (F02M 63/0003 takes precedence); Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Constructional details of common rails

F02M 55/025

Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing {(testing of ignition F02P 17/00; measuring fuel consumption G01F 9/00); Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Testing of fuel injection apparatus.

Testing injection timing.

Measuring injector spray angle

Quality check of fuel-injection apparatus.

Monitoring the function of the fuel injection apparatus in situ, e.g. for monitoring injection timing or injection quantity, or malfunction detection.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Testing of ignition

F02P 17/00

Measuring fuel consumption

G01F 9/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto

B08B 9/00.

Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions

F02D 41/22

Apparatus in which fuel-injection is effected by means of high-pressure gas, the gas carrying the fuel into working cylinders of the engine, e.g. air-injection type (using compressed air for low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus F02M 69/08)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Using compressed air for low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus:

F02M 69/08

Control aspects of fuel injection by means of high-pressure gas:

F02D 7/02

Special rules of classification

These groups relate mostly to old technology, however there are some recent inventions. These groups can overlap with the group F02M 69/08. The classification can be made in both groups.

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus {; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Low pressure fuel injection apparatuses including such apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection, and apparatus injecting different types of fuel. Low pressure fuel injection normally means gasoline fuel injection. However in the recent years with common rail technology development the gap between diesel fuel injection and gasoline fuel injection has become very narrow. Therefore, it is more practical to classify the details of gasoline fuel injection apparatus just in the groups F02M 41/00-F02M 63/00. In specific cases and the injection of fuel in the air inlet manifold, the inventions are classified in the subgroups of F02M 69/00.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of gasoline fuel injection apparatus

F02M 41/00 - F02M 63/00

Electrically-operated

F02M 51/00

High pressure gasoline common rail fuel injection systems

F02M 63/0225

Special rules of classification

Low pressure fuel injection apparatuses means normally gasoline fuel injection. However in the recent years with common rail technology development the gap between diesel fuel injection and gasoline fuel injection has become very narrow. Therefore, it is more practical to classify the details of gasoline fuel injection apparatus just in the groups F02M 41/00-F02M 63/00. In specific cases and the injection of fuel in the air inlet manifold, the inventions are classified in the subgroups of F02M 69/00.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Low pressure fuel injection

fuel injection in which the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed in the compression stroke of the engine. Traditionally, the concept of "low-pressure" fuel-injection is associated with spark ignition engines, where the mixture is compressed.

High-pressure fuel-injection

fuel-injection being associated with compression ignition engines, where fuel is injected after compression of the air.

{characterised by means for intermittently metering the portion of fuel injected (F02M 69/12, F02M 69/14 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus comprising a fuel-displaced free-piston for intermittently metering and supplying fuel to injection nozzles

F02M 69/12

Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus having cyclically-operated valves connecting injection nozzles to a source of fuel

F02M 69/14

{for injecting into the combustion chamber (F02M 69/046 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

The injection nozzle opening into the engine cylinder for direct injection, i.e. in-cylinder injection.

{for injecting into both the combustion chamber and the intake conduit}
Definition statement

This place covers:

One injector injecting fuel in the intake plus one injector injecting directly into the combustion chamber.

comprising a fuel-displaced free-piston for intermittently metering and supplying fuel to injection nozzles {(high-pressure fuel-injection with fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons F02M 59/32)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

High-pressure fuel-injection with fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons

F02M 59/32

having cyclically-operated valves connecting injection nozzles to a source of fuel under pressure during the injection period {(high-pressure fuel injection apparatus F02M 63/0003)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

High-pressure fuel injection apparatus

F02M 63/0003

{the valves being actuated electrically (electrically-operated injectors F02M 51/06)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electrically-operated injectors

F02M 51/06

characterised by means for facilitating the starting-up or idling of engines or by means for enriching fuel charge, e.g. below operational temperatures or upon high power demand of engines
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

At acceleration

F02M 69/44

with an air by-pass around the air throttle valve or with an auxiliary air passage, e.g. with a variably controlled valve therein
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Constructional details of a throttle valve housing having a fluid by-pass

F02D 9/1055

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Controlling the bypass for idle speed control

F02D 31/005

Combinations of carburettors and low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for enriching charge on sudden air throttle opening of carburettors

F02M 7/06