Building constructions, i.e. construction of edifices, their structural or non structural walls, their roof structures, their floor structures, suspended or false ceilings;

Insulation of buildings or other protection of buildings.

Building constructions in general, i.e. construction of edifices; Structures of buildings which are not restricted either to walls, or floors or ceilings or roofs.

Special structures and methods of construction of buildings, e.g. arched, movable, collapsible, box-like structures; Connections for building structures, e.g. connections of slab-shaped or elongated members; Insulation or other protection of buildings, e.g. against water-damage, heat, sound, fire.

Cellars, basements, also retrofitted under existing buildings;

Crawl spaces.

This subgroup covers foundations with the emphasis on the connection to a superstructure, as opposed to E02D where the emphasis is on the connection to the ground;

Exterior insulation of cellars is classified here.

Building with passages for fluids integrally formed with structural elements of the building.

Loggias, wintergardens, enclosed balconies, verandas.

Structures consisting primarily of large load-supporting panels or large load-supporting panel-shaped blocks.

Structures with elements consisting of specified materials other than concrete, stone-like material, metal or wood.

Structures with elements consisting of the combination of two or more specified structural materials.

Use E04B 2/84 - E04B 2002/8694 for classifying additional information of details of lost formwork of cast in-situ walls.

Use E04B 2/84 - E04B 2002/8694 for classifying additional information of details of lost formwork of cast in-situ walls.

Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, beams, girders, skeletons.

Structures made from a horizontal or vertical juxtaposition of elongated elements other than wood are classified in E04B 1/18.

Structures made from a juxtaposition of porticos or stacks of frames are only classified in E04B 1/18, irrespective of the material of the elongated elements.

Space frames, i.e. truss-like lightweight structures constructed from interconnected struts in a geometric pattern spanning a large area, with either short struts connected at the nodes or continuous struts folded at the nodes, wherein the frames are not habitable or accessible upon construction.

Documents showing large parts of the space frame are classified here, even if they show details of component parts or their connections. Use E04B 1/1903 - E04B 2001/1996 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts of the space frame, their connections and the type of space frame for the documents classified in E04B 1/19.

Use E04B 2001/1924 - E04B 2001/1996 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts of the space frame, their connections and the type of space frame for the documents classified in E04B 1/1903

Use E04B 2001/1924 - E04B 2001/1996 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts of the space frame, their connections and the type of space frame for the documents classified in E04B 1/1906

Use E04B 2001/1924 - E04B 2001/1996 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts of the space frame, their connections and the type of space frame for the documents classified in E04B 1/1909.

Use E04B 2001/1924 - E04B 2001/1996 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts of the space frame, their connections and the type of space frame for the documents classified in E04B 1/1912.

Structures with posts and beams made from concrete.

Documents showing large parts of the structure are classified here, even if they show details of connections.

Structures with posts and beams made of metal

Documents showing large parts of the structure are classified here, even if they show details of component parts and their connections. Use E04B 1/2403 - E04B 2001/2496 for classifying additional information of the details of the component parts and their connections of the structures classified in E04B 1/24.

Use E04B 2001/2466 - E04B 2001/2496 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/2403.

Structures with posts and beams made of wood.

Documents showing large parts of the structure are classified here, even if they show details of component parts and their connections; Use E04B 1/2604 - E04B 2001/2696 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/26.

Use E04B 2001/2696 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/2604.

Structures with posts and beams made of specified material other than concrete, stone-like material, metal, wood.

Structures with posts and beams made of at least two specified different materials having a structural function, e.g. a steel pipe filled with concrete

Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Arched or vaulted structures with a folded surface.

Use E04B 2001/3217 - E04B 2001/3294 for classifying additional information of the component parts, their connections and the type of structures of the documents classified in E04B 1/32 - E04B 1/3211.

Do not use E04B 2001/0061 to classify the documents of E04B 1/32 - E04B 1/3211.

Looping references between E04B 1/32 and E04B 7/08 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: the reference to E04B 7/08 is considered limiting.

Structures in the shape of a portion of a cylinder, with a smooth or faceted surface.

Structures in the shape of a portion of a sphere, with a smooth or faceted surface.

Exterior staircases retrofitted to buildings are classified in E04B 1/34.

Mushroom-type structures or elongated structures having a "T" or "Y" vertical cross-section.

References E04B 7/16, B63B, B65G, E04H 1/12, E04H 6/02 and E04H 15/00 are non-limiting in subgroup E04B 1/343. CPC will be corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Looping references between E04B 1/343 and E04H 6/02 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: both references are considered informative.

Structure with room-sized telescopic section extendable horizontally from a side of the structure or vertically from the top or bottom of the structure.

Structures with more than one telescopic section extendable each from different surfaces of the structure, or with telescopic sections comprising two or more nested sub-sections are classified here.

Structure with a single telescopic section extendable horizontally from a side of the structure or vertically from the top or bottom of the structure.

Structures formed of a combination of structural elongated elements and structural panels are classified here.

Use E04B 1/61 - E04B 2001/6195 for classifying additional information of the details of the connections of the panels.

Use E04B 1/58 - E04B 2001/5893 for classifying additional information of the details of the connections of the longitudinal elements.

Mobile home structures.

Structures with means for raising and lowering them above ground level;

Structures with means for retracting them into the ground and returning them to ground level.

Use E04B 1/34336 for classifying additional information of documents showing mobile homes.

Do not use E04B 1/34321 to classify the documents of E04B 1/344.

Collapsible articulated space frames are classified here.

Illustrative example of the subject matter classified in this subgroup:

Structures with rotating shell-forming segments, e.g. armadillo plates type structure.

Illustrative example of the subject matter classified in this subgroup:

Half-arches wheeled at one extremity against a building wall and at the other end on the ground are also classified here.

Do not use E04B 2001/0061 to classify the documents of E04B 1/346.

Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form, i.e. only the edges of the boxes or cells are materialized (only frame, no infill panels)

In E04B 1/348 - E04B 1/34861 use E04B 2001/34876 - E04B 2001/34892 for classifying additional information of documents showing sloping or barrel roof, or means allowing access to the structures.

Box-like units resting on shelves or beams of a supporting structure;

Stacked cells with concrete poured between the cells.

Structures with the main vertical structural parts consisting of concrete.

Structures with the main vertical structural parts consisting of metal.

Structures with the main vertical structural parts consisting of wood.

Structures with the main vertical structural parts consisting of specified material other than concrete, metal, wood.

Structures with the main vertical structural parts consisting of the combination of two or more specified structural materials.

Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room where the units are pre-fitted for special technical purposes, e.g. with pre-fitted piping, plumbing, sanitary equipment or electrical wiring.

Use E04B 2001/34876 - E04B 2001/34892 for classifying additional information of documents of E04B 1/34869 showing sloping or barrel roof, or means allowing access to the structures.

Use E04B 2001/3561 - E04B 2001/3594 for classifying additional information of the documents of E04B 1/35 - E04B 1/3555.

Structure raisable using temporary supports, e.g. scaffolding or lifting machines, or permanent supports.

Method of construction whereby the walls are added under the raised roof, e.g. in order to enable work in dry conditions

Bearings allowing movement of the supported structure due to exterior influences, but also allowing movement for the purpose of adjusting horizontal or angular position of the supported structure.

Documents should only exceptionally be classified in E04B 1/38, connections for general applications should be classified in subclass F16B.

Use E04B 2001/4192 for classifying additional information of connecting devices which are attached to the concrete reinforcement members for the documents classified in E04B 1/41 - E04B 1/4178.

Separate tie rods embedded in the horizontal or vertical masonry joints, for tying a masonry wall to a non-masonry support, e.g. a concrete wall or posts, or for making a T-junction between two masonry walls.

Use E04B 2001/4192 for classifying additional information of connecting devices which are attached to the concrete reinforcement members.

Use E04B 1/7616 for classifying additional information of connecting devices which are combined with insulation-layer locating devices.

Separate tie rods embedded in horizontal or vertical masonry joints, for tying two parallel masonry walls together.

Use E04B 1/7616 for classifying additional information of connecting devices which are combined with insulation-layer locating devices.

Joints with emphasis on the bar-shaped element, as opposed to F16B 7/00 where the emphasis is on the connector.

Use E04B 2001/5862 - E04B 2001/5893 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/58 - E04B 1/5818.

Use E04B 2001/5862 - E04B 2001/5893 and E04B 2001/5856 for classifying additional information of the documents of E04B 1/5825 - E04B 1/585.

Joints with emphasis on the slab-shaped element, as opposed to F16B 7/00 where the emphasis is on the connector.

Use E04B 2001/6195 as additional information to classify slabs connected at an angle for documents classified in E04B 1/61 - E04B 1/6187 and E04B 2001/6191.

Insulation or other protection for buildings in general; Elements or use of specified material for insulation of buildings or other protection of buildings.

Damp-proof courses installed during construction of the structure, also retro-fitted e.g. by driving plates in masonry joints.

Damp-proof courses made of a plate, sheet, or hardening composition, e.g. mortar.

Documents with details of the composition and manufacture of water-proofing agents should be additionally classified in the relevant classes for these compositions, e.g. C08L for bituminous compositions

Sealing membranes or coatings for buildings in general.

Documents with details of the composition or manufacture of sealing agents should be additionally classified in the relevant classes for these compositions.

Use E04B 2001/6818 for documents classified in E04B 1/68 - E04B 1/6816 for classifying additional information of joints comprising swellable parts.

Joints using a putty-like filler, with or without backing strip.

Sealing strips embedded in two succesively poured concrete structures.

Waterstops with a central deformable section, e.g. hollow or folded.

Drying or keeping dry by the use of electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis, electrical heating of a wall or a room, electrical ventilation.

Drying by heating the ambient air, e.g. using a burner.

Connections of the interior of the building or the interior of the wall with the exterior of the building; Air vents for crawl spaces.

Documents with air vents for walls in combination with other aspects of ventilation are classified in E04B 1/7069.

Pest control , E04B 1/72.

Heat insulation of the whole building enveloppe and active heat insulation, e.g. walls with ventilation conduits for insulation purpose, are classified in E04B 1/74.

Use E04B 2001/741 - E04B 2001/7695 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/76 - E04B 1/806 and E04B 1/88, E04B 1/90

Also classify in E04B 1/4178 or E04B 1/4185 when combined with masonry wall ties.

Documents concerning fiber blankets or batts mentioning heat and sound insulation but without giving characteristics specific to sound insulation are classified in E04B 1/7662 - E04B 1/767.

Sound insulation for building constructions in general or for building structures which are not restricted either to walls or floors or ceilings or roofs.

Use E04B 2001/741 - E04B 2001/748 and E04B 2001/8245 - E04B 2001/8495 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/82 - E04B 1/90.

Reference G10K 11/16 is non-limiting in subgroup E04B 1/82. CPC will be corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Passive noise absorbtion body located in a room for absorbing the noise generated in the room.

Enclosures keeping the noise out or in.

Structural elements, specifically for sound absorbtion.

Documents concerning fiber blankets or batts mentioning heat and sound insulation but without giving characteristics specific to sound insulation are classified in E04B 1/7662 - E04B 1/767

Protection against other undesired influences or dangers for buildings in general, e.g. fire or vibrations and shocks originating from inside the building or due to wind or traffic, e.g. using mass damping systems.

Use E04B 2001/925 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/92.

Documents with details of the composition of fireproofing compounds should also be classified in the relevant classes for these compositions;

Use E04B 2001/949 for classifying additional information of the documents classified in E04B 1/94 - E04B 1/945 .

Fusible suspension supports are classified in E04B 1/941.

Documents with details of the composition should be classified also in E04B 1/94 and should receive classes for the compositions per se;

Details of fire-proof sealing of the connection of panels should additionally be classified in E04B 1/948.

Protection of buildings against vibrations or shocks originating from inside the building, e.g. an explosion within the building, or are caused by the wind or nearby construction works or traffic.

Arrangments for adjusting the acoustics of e.g. a concert hall

Load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls for buildings, wall construction with regard to insulation, and connections specially adapted to walls for buildings.

Load-bearing walls made from panels, e.g. pre-fabricated walls, are classified in E04B 1/02 - E04B 1/14.

Load-bearing or non-load-bearing walls built-up from layers of building elements, e.g. brick or block walls, are classified in E04B 2/02 - E04B 2/54.

Load-bearing walls having a framework or a pillarwork, and walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members, are classified in E04B 2/56 - E04B 2/709.

Non-load-bearing walls made of panels or posts and panels are classified in E04B 2/72 - E04B 2/828.

Load-bearing or non-load-bearing walls made by casting, pouring or tamping in situ are classified in E04B 2/84 - E04B 2/8664.

References E04B 1/38 and E04B 1/62 are non-limiting in main group E04B 2/00. CPC will be corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Walls for buildings built-up from layers of building elements, e.g. brick or block walls, as well as building elements of block or brick shape for the construction of parts of buildings. The walls can be bearing walls or non-bearing walls, e.g. partition walls, and the building elements accordingly.

Building elements of block or brick shape, for the construction of parts of buildings, are classified in E04B 2/02 - E04B 2/54, even if they do not explicitly form part of a wall.

Building elements of block or brick shape, for the construction of parts of buildings, and characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra, are classified in E04C 1/39 - E04C 1/397.

Building elements of block or brick shape, for the construction of parts of buildings, and being built-up from parts of different materials are classified in E04C 1/40 - E04C 1/41.

Building elements of glass or other transparent material, for the construction of parts of buildings, are classified in E04C 1/42.

All aspects of the block or brick shaped building elements, e.g. special features, and details of connections among themselves, should be classified in E04B 2/02 - E04B 2002/0297.

Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid building elements, as well as solid brick or block shape building elements having no cavities in them.

Walls built-up from layers of solid building elements of brick or block shape, and having no cavities in the elements, wherein the joints, e.g. small channels or grooves between the building elements and/or between the successive layers are filled with material, with or without additional reinforcements in the joints, small channels or grooves.

Walls built-up from layers of building elements of brick or block shape having cavities in, but not between, the building elements, as well as brick or block shape building elements having cavities in them.

Walls built-up from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, and having cavities in the elements, wherein the joints, e.g. small channels or grooves between the building elements and/or between the successive layers are filled with material, with or without additional reinforcements in the joints, small channels or grooves.

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, the walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements, e.g. walls made of solid building elements having special profiles on their small side faces in order to create a cavity when connected with the adjacent elements;

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance, in a direction perpendicular to the wall, by means of spacers, all parts of the elements being solid.

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, the walls having cavities between, but not in, the elements, wherein the joints, e.g. small channels or grooves between the building elements and/or between the successive layers are filled with material, with or without additional reinforcements in the joints, small channels or grooves.

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, the walls having cavities between, as well as in the elements, e.g. walls made of building elements having cavities and having special profiles on their small side faces in order to create a cavity when connected with the adjacent elements;

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, each consisting of two or more parts kept in distance, in a direction perpendicular to the wall, by means of spacers, at least one of the parts of the elements having cavities.

Walls made from layers of building elements of brick or block shape, the walls having cavities between, as well as in the elements, wherein the joints, e.g. small channels or grooves between the building elements and/or between the successive layers are filled with material, with or without additional reinforcements in the joints, small channels or grooves.

Nogging of half-timbered walls.

Walls made from horizontally laid logs or beams, e.g. log cabins.

Walls comprising structural wooden studs or posts with non structural closure elements en-between, e.g. structural stud walls and shear bracing therefor.

Non-load-bearing thin walls without studs or posts, with profiled or folded panels or trays.

Use E04B 2002/725 - E04B 2002/728 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/72.

Non-load-bearing thin walls with folded plasterboard or gypsum or plaster projected onto a lattice.

Use E04B 2/845 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/723.

E.g., modular coordination.

Documents with tables, shelving and similar items associated with a partition wall should be additionally classified in furniture groups, e.g. in A47B for tables or desks.

Reference E04C 2/38 is non-limiting in subgroup E04B 2/74. CPC will be corrected once this inconsistency is resolved in IPC.

Use E04B 2/7409 - E04B 2002/7498 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/7407 - E04B 2/7459.

Use E04B 2/7437 - E04B 2/7444 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/7435.

Non-load-bearing partition with free upper edge and panels hooked onto posts, e.g. with additional securing elements to prevent its unhooking.

Use E04B 2/7451 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/745.

Use E04B 2/7457 - E04B 2/7459 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/7455.

Connections of horizontal and vertical metallic frame members.

Non-load-bearing partitions constituted of sliding panels, where the sliding occurs in a direction parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the partition

Documents where the filling does not contain a hardenable binder, e.g. rammed earth or loose rocks, are classified in E04B 2/84.

Use E04B 2002/867 - E04B 2002/8694 as additional information for the documents of E04B 2/86 - E04B 2/8652.

A "tie" holds the two opposite leaves of the form together.

A "spacer" keeps the two opposite leaves at a predetermined distance from each other.

A single element can but must not have both functions: i.e. a tie can be a spacer or not, a spacer can be a tie or not.

Connections with dovetail or "T"-shaped grooves in the inner face of the form or the spacer

Ties going through the form, e.g. nails or screws going through the forms into the spacers.

Curtain walls in combination with ventilation , heating, drainage, shading, adjustable supports are classified in E04B 2/88;

Drainage details should additionally be classified in E06B 7/14.

Panels directly attached to the structure, the panel comprising a frame or not

Panels attached with panel clamping bars to the mullions or the transoms.

Documents with details of connections of mullions to mullions, with details of connections of mullions or transoms to the supporting structure, or with details of the infill panels are classified in E04B 2/96, even if they show details of the connections of mullions and transoms.

Documents with details of angles or corners of the curtain walls are classified in E04B 2/962, even if they show details of the connections of mullions and transoms.

Are classified in E04B 2/967 documents which show only details of the cross-section of the mullions or transoms.

Documents with details of connections of mullions to mullions, of connections mullions or transoms, or with details of the infill panels, or with details of angles or corners of the curtain walls are classified in E04B 2/96,E04B 2/962 or E04B 2/965, even if they show details of the cross-section of the mullions or transoms.

Structural floors for buildings; Building floors construction in general and with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to floors.

Load-carrying floor structures consisting of prefabricated slabs of concrete or other stone like material are classified in E04B 5/04, except floor structures consisting of hollow core slabs which are classified in E04B 5/043.

Load-carrying floor structures consisting of elongated hollow cores slabs, e.g. placed against one another.

Load-carrying floor structures formed of prefabricated beams placed with distance from one another, the space between the beams being filled or covered by prefabricated elements and eventually completed by non-structural layers of concrete or mortar..

Load carrying floor structures assembled of prefabricated block-shaped elements, e.g. joined together by mortar, tensioning or connecting elements.

Also means for supporting beams.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, i.e. in which at least some parts of the structure are prefabricated, e.g. precast girders or prefabricated filling members between the beams.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated filling members and with stiffening ribs wholly cast between or in the prefabricated filling members; Prefabricated filling elements suitable for casting stiffening ribs between or in them.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated self-supporting filling members and with stiffening ribs wholly cast between or in the prefabricated self-supporting filling members, e.g. elongated self-supporting filling members resting on the walls.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated filling members and with stiffening ribs wholly cast between or in the prefabricated filling members, and extending in two different and intersecting directions. Prefabricated filling elements suitable for casting cross-ribbed floors.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated or partly prefabricated beam-like formations, e.g. prefabricated beams of concrete, metal or wood.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated or partly prefabricated beam-like formations and with prefabricated filling members between the beams;

Prefabricated elements for use as filling elements between prefabricated or partly prefabricated beams.

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated or partly prefabricated beam-like formations and with prefabricated monolithic filling members between the beams;

Prefabricated monolithic elements for use as filling elements between prefabricated or partly prefabricated beams.

Load-carrying floor structures partly cast in situ with prefabricated or partly prefabricated beams and one or more hollow cores between the beams

Floor structures partly formed in situ, with prefabricated or partly prefabricated beam-like formations and with prefabricated filling members between the beams;

Prefabricated elements for use as filling elements between prefabricated or partly prefabricated beams in a cross-ribbed floor.

Floor structures cast in situ with hollow cylindrical or spherical filling elements are classified in E04B 5/32.

Floor structures cast in situ with a metal form-slab are classified in E04B 5/40.

Floor structures wholly cast in situ with form units as part of the floor, the form units being either made in one piece or made of different elements, e.g. non-self-supporting form units.

Non-self-supporting floor form units, either made of one element or of a series of elements, are classified in E04B 5/36, except in case of metal form-slabs.

Floor structures wholly cast in situ with slab-shaped substantially self-supporting form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement;

Form slabs with reinforcements of metal or other material extending laterally outside the form slab, and that are suitable to be embedded in the concrete of the floor slab to be cast in-situ, e.g. "Predalles" concrete slabs or semi-finished reinforced concrete slabs.

Floor structures wholly cast in situ with metal form-slabs, e.g. with corrugated or non-corrugated metal form-slabs.

Floors composed of stones, e.g. hollow bricks, mortar and reinforcing elements.

Floor structures assembled of relatively large prefabricated block-shaped elements and relatively little mortar or concrete are classified in E04B 5/08.

Special adaptations of floors for incorporating ducts, e.g. for heating or ventilating, in the structural body of the floor.

Roofs, i.e. roof structures; Roof construction with regard to insulation, e.g. self-supporting insulated roof-slabs.

Roof consisting of prefabricated modules, e.g. box-like or cell-like units, the prefabricated modules arriving in situ ready to be put in place as they are.

Details of connections between the roof structure and the supporting walls, for roofs in which the roof structure is supported by the walls, e.g. roof trusses supported by horizontal beams resting on the walls.

Vaulted roofs, i.e. roofs having a general curved shape, in one or more directions, e.g. an arched shape, an hyperbolic-parabolic shape, a dome shape, a curved and folded shape.

Barrel vaulted roofs are classified in E04C 3/08. Folded barrel vaulted roofs are classified in E04B 7/107.

Curved roof structures made by shell structures, e.g. roof structures of hyperbolic-parabolic shape made of a thin-shell concrete membrane, or by a plurality of thin-shell units connected together;

Curved roof structures made by grid-like formations acting as shell structures, i.e. thin and substantially self-supporting, that is without the need of intermediate supports;

Curved roof structures made by a folded structure, e.g. globally curved roof structures made by concertina-like folded metal sheets.

Curved roof structures made by shell structures, e.g. roof structures of hyperbolic-parabolic shape made of a thin-shell concrete membrane, or by a plurality of thin-shell units connected together.

Curved roof structures made by grid-like formations acting as shell structures, i.e. thin and substantially self-supporting, that is without the need of intermediate supports.

Curved roof structures made by a folded structure, e.g. globally curved roof structures made by concertina-like folded metal sheets.

Roofs formed in bays, e.g. massive saw-tooth roofs for factory buildings.

Suspended roofs, i.e. permanent roofs suspended from a structure, e.g. a roof for a stadium consisting of a membrane suspended by cables, or a roof for a building consisting of a membrane being anchored along its borders on the walls of the building.